著者 山本 真司
雑誌名 新島研究
号 100
ページ 276‑298
発行年 2009‑02‑28
権利 同志社大学同志社社史資料センター
URL http://doi.org/10.14988/pa.2017.0000012975
新島襄が学んだ神学①
─神学ノートの翻刻─
山 本 真 司
【 目的 】
本論考の目的は、同志社アーカイブス 分類番号 0891 − 0923（0903 はブランク）で保存されている新島襄の手稿を順じ翻刻し、その内容を考 察することである。これによって、新島襄がアメリカ時代に神学生として 具体的に何をどのように学んだのかを明らかにしたい。なお、本考察は研 究の端緒であり、複数回に及ぶものである。
分類番号 0891 表題 神学ノート 巻末記 This is coppied from Mr.
Wm J. Holland written examination on Dr. Bunʼs lecture（新島手稿 June 16th /69 Joseph Neesima This is coppied from Mr. Wm. J. Holland written examination on Dr. Burrʼs lecture 遺品庫表題のcoppiedは新島襄 自身の誤りである。また、Dr. Bunは新島手稿では、Dr. Burrʼsと読み取る ことができる。これはアーモスト ･ カレッジの 1868 − 1869 年版カタログ 23 ページに、Scientific Evidences of Religion（本稿翻刻ノートの講義）を
Rev. Dr. Burr, L yme, Ct.が担当していたことからも明らかである。また、
このノートは当該授業の筆記試験をHollandが準備したかすでに受験した 解答案を新島が写し取ったものである。（ 井上勝也「新島襄とオーティス・
ケーリの学んだアマースト・カレッジ −歴代学長のプロフィール・伝統 と当時のカリキュラム」『新島研究』第 98 号 2007 年 同志社大学同志社 社史資料センター第一部門研究 p.196）
資料
【 新島襄ノートに関する先行研究と参考文献 】
井上勝也「新島襄の学んだニューイングランド、フィリップス・アカデミー と当時のカリキュラム」『新島研究』第 97 号 2006 年 同志社大学同志社 社史資料センター第一部門研究 pp.64-133
井上勝也「新島襄とオーティス・ケーリの学んだアマースト・カレッジ
−歴代学長のプロフィール・伝統と当時のカリキュラム」『新島研究』第 98 号 2007 年 同 志 社 大 学 同 志 社 社 史 資 料 セ ン タ ー 第 一 部 門 研 究 pp.143-212
島尾永康「新島襄と自然科学」北垣宗治編『新島襄の世界 ‐ 永眠百年の 時点から ‐ 』晃洋書房､ 1990 年
竹内力雄・小枝弘和「新島襄の数学ノート ”Elements of algebra” の原書」『新 島研究』第 98 号 2007 年 同志社大学同志社社史資料センター第一部門 研究 pp.3-16
北垣宗治『新島襄とアーモスト大学』山口書店、1993 年
北垣宗治「1868 年のアーモスト・カレッジ」『新島襄−近代日本の先覚者』
晃洋書房、1993 年、pp.17-18
水谷誠「ヨーロッパ大陸のキリスト教」栗原輝夫 西原廉太 水谷誠『総 説 キリスト教史 3
近・現代篇』 日本キリスト教団出版局 2007 年、pp.153-227
【 はじめに 】
さて、私はすでに第 1 部門研究（新島研究）の研究会において新島襄の 説教と聖書解釈について発表してきた。（2007 年 11 月 12 日 「ヨハネによ る福音書 3 章 16 節の解釈について−新島襄の場合−」 その要旨は、「新
島の説教は常に誠実、至誠をもって貫かれていた」、あるいは、「会衆皆先 生の謙遜と信仰と意気と熱愛に感動せり」と評される新島の説教を神学的 視点で考察することだった。そこから新島襄の宣教師としての側面、特に 説教者としてのありかたを読み取ることができると考えたからである。同 様に、アンドーヴァー神学校で、新島襄がどのような説教学、聖書学を学 んだのか。説教が信仰と学的研鑽の果実だとしたら、遺された説教の断片 を検証することで、当時の神学的状況が敷衍でき、さらに、彼の聖書理解 を読み解くことになるのではないだろうかという予想を立てたのである。
そのために、”The Lexington Sermon , Hancock Church, 1874”、「道理ト信 仰ノ関係〔A〕（京都第二公会）1884 年」、「天父基督ヲ十字架ニ添テ世ニ賜 エリ 大阪土佐堀青年会 1887 年」、「ヨハネ伝第三章十六節ノ句ニソイテ」
これらに共通して用いられているテキスト、ヨハネによる福音書 3 章 16 節を題材に、新島襄のヨハネ福音書理解を考察することにした。
【 新島襄の説教に関する先行研究 】
高橋 虔 『解題』 新島襄全集編集委員会「新島襄全集 2 宗教編」 同朋 舎出版 1983 年 pp.663-685
深田未来生 『誠心誠意語る・説教者新島襄』 同志社編「新島襄 −近代 日本の先覚者−」
晃洋出版 1997 年 pp.165-176
Otis Cary, Muneharu Kitagaki “ The Lexington Sermon 1874”, Introduction ix-x
オーテス・ケーリ 北垣宗治 『解題』 新島襄全集編集委員会「新島襄全 集 7 英文資料編」
同朋舎出版 1996 年 pp.396-398,
（参照）阿部正敏『新島襄のアメリカでの英語説教 上』岡山大学教育学
部研究集録 115 2000 年 pp.115-122
さらに、第一部門研究（新島研究）研究会 2008 年 6 月 9 日 「ヨハネ による福音書の解釈について その 2 新島襄の場合」では、ヨハネ・
テキストを使用した説教、21〔真理ノ証シ〕、27 道理ト信仰ノ関係〔B〕、
28 此ノ人ヲ見ヨ〔A〕、32〔目ヲ挙ゲテ見ヨ〕、36 真ノ力 39 我己勝 世矣 45 天父基督ヲ十字架ニ添テ世ニ賜ヘリ 48 〔沢山保羅ノ告別式 ニ臨ミテ〕 58 〔ヨハネ伝第三章十六節ノ句ニツイテ〕 60 盲目ル事ヲ 得 61 〔我若シ地ヨリ挙ラレナバ万民ヲ引キ我ニ来ラセン〕 62 〔キ リスト真理ノ証ヲ為シ真理ノ国ヲ世ニ起セリ〕 63〔キリストノ目的〕を 対象とし、新島襄のヨハネによる福音書理解を考察した。
【 問題の所在 】
新島襄がアメリカで何を学んだのか、それは「ニュー ･ イングランド神学」
なのか。当時、教えられていた神学傾向からその答えを導き出すことはで きるのだろうか。演繹的にそれは可能だろう、しかし、私はあえて帰納的 な手法、新島襄が残したノートを翻刻、検討することで、実際に学んだ事 柄を辿ろうと考えたのである。
【 翻刻方針 】
翻刻に際しては、第一に新島自身の表記を忠実に再現することを心がけ た。また、新島手稿との比較を容易にするために、行送りをオリジナルと 同様にしている。解読不明なつづりについては、読みの可能性を示唆する に留めた。全く判読できない箇所についてはアスタリスクを用いて表示し ている。ページの表記はオリジナルに従っている。
翻刻に際して、同僚のMichael B. Cox教諭、Scott Hemphill教諭から的 確な助言をいただいた。感謝をもって記す。
（Scientific Evidences of Religion by Rev. Dr. Burr, Lyme, Ct）
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Lecture I There are two ways of determining the truth of any matter. 1st By experiment 2nd by Argument. i.e. We may determine that word is hard, flexible etc. by experiment or from ex- perience. We may reduce that all words etc. is hard & flexible. The same may be done in experience to moral qualities. i.e. We may determine the honesty of an individual either by inference or by experiment.
Now may we apply these two methods in the determinations of the being & moral qualities of God? This is of）the utmost importance to determine for many reasons.
Can we experimentally test God & the truth of revelation.
From same experiments are we must shrink
P 2
from as wrong, but there are others, which God & revelation court. In the name of science we offer the following three : The Bible says;
I “The liberal soul shall be made fat” Be liberal & see whether the promise is not fulfilled.
II If we pray for the spirit, we shall receive him into our hearts. “Ask & we shall receive.” Try! & see if the experiment is not successful.
III If any man is my will, he shall know of the doct. whether it be of God!”
Perform your duty, and thus test the truth of the Bible. This method is truly scientific . It is the Recu****** methods. Alike in the laboritoty & pulpit.
1 It has this superiority over the Argu-
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mentative method that it can be applied by any irrespective of talents and educations.
2 It has furthermore achieved many
more victories than the argument**tive method.
3 An argumentative faith is at best dead*test until enlivened by experiments.
We give these remarks because many persons imagines when in doubt themselves to free others from doubt that they must resort to Argument. No! experiment must always precede argument.
Lecture II The argumentative method
1 Possibility -1 this has been doubted by sketches by the followers of Routs chose who
deny the possibility of demonstrations
of *****God, spirit etc. And also by idealists as etc. who admitting a god deny the possi-
p4
bility of proving that he is such as the Christian scripture teach. When these men deny the possibility of argument our first answer is to give them an arguments.
2 a. Some theologians claim that it ar- gument only darkens religion. b. Others claims that reason is shatters etc. its as results valueless.
Reason is a Fetish To the first we reply, by printing to the Apostle Paul who made use of argument, etc.bids us prove all things. To the second admit the many false results of argument, but at the same time claim that their results are from.
II Propriety Some person cannot see any use in argument. Their faith is stray I cannot discern why thousands of books would be written in deference of religion.
They say that the Bible assumes a god, P5
that there are no real unbelievers & that un- belief is from the heart not from the head.
We deny that the Bible assumed a god.
It gives us data from which we may deny his existence. We deny moreover that all unbelief is from the heart, but claim that a reclaiming influence may come from head.
III Profit. or Possible product.---- In the way of disputation the profit of the argumentative method is small.
It confines unbeliever & makes him stick to his views.
But there is a presumption in its form for Goodman have used it & the apostle Paul recommends it. Its use are;
1st It possible the _____ with weapons against the assaults of unbelievers, who seek to reduce them from the faith.
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2nd It strengthens the faith of the strong who can never be too strong.
3rd It sometimes though nearly is the many of turning are infidel from the error of his ways. Case of Nilo** * & infidelity at Yale in last century.
4th Its great use is in connection with experiment as a stimulus & as a means of the experimental methods.
Lecture III
Application of argumentative method
A moral truth presents itself. What credentials must be expect?
If we ask a mathematical demons- tration we ask too much. If we ask a moral certainly we ask too much.
If we ask more than a preponderance P7
of evidence we ask too much.
As soon as we gain a preponderance &
evidence we should begin to believe, exercising faith in proportion to one evidence, of course.
We shall apply the argumentative method in & captions.
I God
II God as a Righteous *** gave
III God inspiring the Christian scriptures I God By God we mean a being rela- tively to make of infinite power & knowledge.
We do not claim for him any other because if his exist is proved there is not other point behind which the infidel should seek to make a stand.
If there is a God we naturally want a good God.
It is possible to conceive a God.
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1 Because we have the idea of infinite things as time and space can therefore conceive an infinite being.
2 If there is no god then matter eter- nal what is as difficult to conceive as an infinite mind.
4 we can descend in the seal of being to an infinite degree belong ourselves. Why not this also ascend.
Now what is upon the whole possible is also probable.---
But objections are raised by inspired among . What we may mention, the following II The miseries & pains of life disprove the existence of god. we reply: ---
These things are no proof of the now existence of god. They do not disprove his intelli-
P9
gence & his power, only his Goodness.
If the world were a tortune house There might yet be a god.---
2 They do not disprove his Goodman.
It is well and word off objection as far as possible. We prefer a good god becide some people think that if we disprove the Goodness of god. We disprove his exis-
tence
1 If god were a little short of being infinitely omnscient. We may be have these evils without any diminution of his Goodness.
2 If a little short of being infinitely powerful the same would be the case.
3 If God were both a little less than
（*********）& powerful . we might have all these evils & he yet be good.
But we need make no such sacrifice P10
The world is full of happiness and beauty.
There are claiming moral qualities among the ****. There are virtues among men.
This is a ---in favor of nature.
Men prefer life to assimilation, for life
& not utterly miserable. The infidel
moreover not only confers thing, but proposes it. Nature is to him a beneficient goddess – Further there is a tradition of golden age to come as well as one what is gone.
Are we justified with our narrow views in saying these well be, thou can nothing rather than we see? No! certainly these are then proofs abundant that god &
good & proofs of his goodness prepon- derate our proofs if **evil dispassion.
P11
Lecture IV
But some say if there were a god he would have revealed him *** clearly. We reply;
I Our finiteness prevents us from seeing Him who is infinite ----Our faculties would have to be enlarged to the infinite to know him in his fullness.
II The frailty of our bodies prevents our knowing him. Should he reveal himself
in all the pomp of light and sound befitting his majesty we would that moment die.
III Our reasons are fail & we would be turned to idiots by such a burst of Grandure to world suffice to reveal the almighty as he is .
IV Even granting the possibility of an P12
occasion revelation of himself in full splendent – & that meanwhile angels could
& fly and the dead be raised. All would soon cease to be a wonder. Our sensibilities would be stunned. Niagara ceased to attract in time. A partial revelation or a distant revelation handed down by tradition
with --- to fill up may be best form of revelation.
V Sin is an veil. Depravity hides god from our view. A revelation must further more do the most good possible, men must be past upon faith and prayer *care̶Illumi- nation of two Algebra*---
These veils have one suffice to --- for all the absently intelligent theist admit.
We admit that there is --- within P13
& also without but we claim that there is evidence sufficient without to prove a god. Men are placed in reference to the ----as men are placed in reference to the light on a summer day. The hills are bathed in the light , come up out. If the ---and *** and you will see.
Lecture V If there is a god there is a strong presume- ption that his works will accord with his character. Atheists as well as theists favor the study of nature.
The paintings of Titians whom veiled may be doubted to be hid. Lift the veil &
as trait after trait of Titians appears, believe that hypothesis what ascribes it to him is correct
& the true one. Now lift the veil from
P14
nature & see at each step & trait in accord with the Divine character̶Nature is 1 *** mountains *** millions of ani- mal**** in drop of water. Distance from sun to sun. Our telescopes catch up of light that have traveled 1,000,000 of years. etc.
2 Great threads of unity bind up her variety.
3 Details are finished off with utmost performance.
4 Wisdom of invention and adaptation of means to ends is displayed off with utmost perfection.
5 These exist within his vast stone house
*** of ----power----mountain of suns & systems.
6 Law holds steady way over her inter- P15
rupted now their by great charm , by glacial epochs and the ---up the existent of 7 These are glow monument that ---- millions of years for this completion &
movement ---scripts 8 Mystery should**** all
Now do this things speak against a god. Do they not rather demand a
belief in the existence of a Being who is vast of infinite versability of power of man exact & minute execution & wisdom ineffable.
Do they not warrant our belief in a God who is strong, whom double name is law & miracle, whom a thousand years are in one year & yet who can act with the rapidity of the light. Who is moreover
**Beyond the comprehension of man past
p16
finding out? They continually do. They are facts in harmony with the whole of native & the whole of revelation & warrant strong predisposition to faith.
Lecture VI Advantages of Theism as hypothesis.
Advantages
I It is abundantly sufficient II ---as credible as any other ---
These are 4 hypothesis to account for nature.
1 Matter is eternal & all the --- are also eternal in their species.
2 Chance 3 Law 4 God
The choice lies between the last two
& the Theistic hypothesis is certainly as credible as the Law hypothesis.
P17
III Simplest For many reasons simpler than law hypothesis Principally this it is self evident that a god can create nature but it must always be proved that a law is sufficient to the test IV It is the severest
V It is the most salutary & safe both for the present life in the future
VI It is most & accord with conviction
& traditions of word VII It is the fairest &
Now a hypothesis which has all these things in its favor must certainly be accord- ed a place in advance of the law hypothesis what is as --- & in every way as ill calculation to explain in a natural & eautiful way the phenomena of life & being.
P18
Why need we have it proved to us that it is impossible that a Developed --- should have built etc. Peter if
we have the hypothesis of Michael angels.
Why should we accept the law hypothesis if we have the theists hypothesis
And what do we gain by the Law hypothesis? If matter has by assign
*** law produced all things including the Bible, are we sure we shall escape future punishment ? It matter can make men, may matter punish them?
Lecture VII
In previous lecture we admitted the adequacy of the law hypothesis, to the explana- tion of nature. We now withdraw
p19
the admission --- . We claim that the law hypothesis is at best a ----, fog-bank because 1 – It cannot be proved to be adequate by any process.
2 – Because it is not adequate All facts of supposed transmutation . It has been proved to be ----.
But the ---claim that these
are many harmonies with their hypothesis existing in nature. We would pity
them & there were none. What are hy- pothesis that would be that had we facts in accordance with it. They claim that
there are curtain harmonics in geology.
Let us see what the science of geology says to the theory.
I According to the law hypothesis we
P20
ought to find no breaks in the community of animal life throughout the different geological periods. On the contrary we have thirty breaks.
II We ought to have all the species of preceding periods according somewhere or other in each of the geologic periods.
But we donʼt!
III We ought to be able to trace every animal including men from its highest from down to its parent moral or ***.
IV We find all the link leading from a moral to the highest form of being, exist- ing together at the same time. But no such lateral shading off of any species is to be detailed.
V There ought to be no abrupt transi-
P21
tion from one from to another especially among the higher organisms – a. But already
down in the *** we find the eye
of the ******* what age is certainly a highly organized organ appearing per ****
b. We have also the cephalopod & tree ferns etc. of later periods suddenly prevent- ing themselves without a warring.
c. We have the organic equivalent of a man, down on thresholds of the Devonian Abstract the soul from man & as an organism he is no great ----higher than a pterodactyl winged-fish or an E********---
But the ---reply that all the confusion is from our ---the
imperfection of the records.--- We reply that
p22
our statement are based on facts, as well as theirs. That our facts derived from geological are as certain as theirs, that while many facts of geology agree with their hypothesis. Many do not while all the facts agree with our hypothesis, what we therefore think must conclusive.
Lecture
Geology is not the only science what contradicts the law hypothesis. The science of probabilities puts an emphatic ----upon
the acceptance of it.
The science of probability rests upon the assumption that.--- When no reason can be shown why an event should hap- pen in our way rather than another,
p23
there is an equal probability of its hap- pening in either way. Example of tossing up of pennies ----this science is proved in the calculus & is sure.
Now
I If matter is self organizing we ought to have no breaks, in the perpen- dicular & lateral continuity of animal life.̶It is infinitely probable that were the law hypothesis true we should find proofs of their being no breaks. But we find nothing but breaks. Hence the law hypothesis improbable &
we accept the other *** of dilemma
** : the theistic hypothesis
II We should have organism of all sorts of higher orders occurring spontaneously, but
p24
we do not. Hence law hypothesis Science of probabilities improve etc
III We ought to find many ********
members, olds & ends etc We donʼt!
IV We ought to find strange over- lapping & ----tailings of species is each other.
V We ought to have many --- of construction.
VI There ought to be no standard of adult size, growth, & age.
VII
VIII Mind ought to be without freedom responsibility character motives etc –
are all as probable as the opposite ****
These things as we do not find Then we are assumed of the infinite
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improbability of law hypothesis.
June 16th /69 Joseph Neesima
This is coppied from Mr. Wm. J. Holland written examination on Dr. Burrʼs lecture
【 翻刻予定手稿 】
新島ノート類手稿一覧 （分類番号と遺品庫表題を列挙する）
0891 神学ノート 1869 年 6 月 10 日
0892 Historical Study of the Scripture 1870 年 9 月 18 日
0893 A Brief Guide to the Study of New Testament 1871 年 6 月 21 日 0894 神学ノート Park: Ethics, Nature Theology 1871 年 11 月 4 日 0895 神学ノート Exegesis, Prophet, Exegesis
0896 神学ノート Atonement 0897 教会史ノート Church History 0898 説教学ノート Homiletics
0899 説教学ノート Homiletics by Prof. Phelps 0900 神学ノート Holy Spirit, Original Sin 0901 神学ノート Sin
0902 英文稿断片 Seelye Class rough note 0903
0904 Park's Positive Institution 0905 神学ノート Prof. Parks
0906 神学ノート Park's Lecture of Sin Atonement 0907 神学ノート 旧約聖書
0908 神学ノート 旧約聖書 0909 神学ノート 旧約聖書概説 0910 神学ノート Judah 0911 神学ノート Atonement 0912 神学ノート Sin Analysis 0913 神学ノート Sin
0914 神学ノート Natural Theology 0915 神学ノート Natural Theology
0916 神学ノーt The decrees of God The Will Sin 0917 神学ノート Christian Virtue
0918 神学ノート The Will 0919 神学ノート
0920 神学ノート 聖書講義 0921 Notes of（a）lecture
0922 Lecture Note（?）Comparative study of Buddha, Confucius, Jewish,
Prophets etc.
0923 Lectures upon the Hebrew Theocracy by President Streams
