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論文題名:シリカ担持ニッケル触媒の 酸化還元反応メカニズムの解明

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[様式-学5]

博士論文要旨

論文題名:シリカ担持ニッケル触媒の 酸化還元反応メカニズムの解明

立命館大学大学院生命科学研究科 生命科学専攻博士課程後期課程

ふりがな やました しょうへい

氏 名 山下 翔平

反応ガス環境下における担持金属触媒の化学状態の理解は、触媒反応メカニズムを知る ために必要不可欠であると同時に、より高性能な触媒反応系の構築へ向けての設計指針を 提示する。本研究では、SiO2担持Ni触媒の活性を理解するために、最も基本的な酸化剤と 還元剤であるO2とH2によって生じるNi化学種の化学状態変化を原子レベルで解析した。

Ni化学種の担持量を制御して平均Ni粒子サイズを17 nmから55 nmに変化させたときの酸 化還元反応速度への影響を明らかにした。

O2雰囲気下およびH2雰囲気下における600 ℃までの昇温過程のin situ(その場)XAFS 測定から、NiOと金属Ni間の酸化還元反応がSiO2上で定量的かつ可逆的に進行することを 明らかにした。大きな金属Ni粒子の酸化反応は小さなNi粒子よりも高温で進行するが、

NiOの還元反応の温度にはNiO粒子サイズに対する依存性がなく、O原子がNi化学種粒子 内を移動するときの反応経路と原子配置の相違に起因すると考えられた。

SiO2 に担持された Ni 化学種の O2 および H2 による酸化還元反応について、時間分解

DXAFS 法を用いてその動的過程をミリ秒オーダーで捉えた。反応ガスをNi触媒試料に迅

速導入することで600 ℃において観測した酸化還元反応は、ともにNi化学種に関して一次 であった。酸化還元反応は、まず反応ガスがNi化学種粒子上に解離吸着する過程から始ま り、その粒子表面でのNi化学種の酸化還元反応に引き続き、粒子内部でのO原子移動によ って粒子全体の酸化還元反応が定量的に進行すると考えられる。その反応モデルを用いた 速度論的解析により、反応ガスの解離吸着および表面酸化還元反応を速い前平衡とし、粒 子内部でのO原子移動を律速段階と考える反応モデルが、実験結果を良く再現することを 明らかにした。Ni担持量を系統的に変化させた試料についての解析から、Ni粒子サイズが 小さいほど、粒子内部でのO原子の移動速度が増大し、酸化あるいは還元反応の速度が増 大することを明らかにした。

Niと同族元素の酸化物であるPdO粒子の還元反応について、本研究で明らかにした反応 モデルを用いて解析した結果、PdO粒子内部でのO原子移動は表面還元過程よりも速いこ とを明らかにした。層状にO原子が配列しているPdOと岩塩構造をとるNiOの結晶構造の 違いにより、PdOでは表面還元反応よりも速いO原子移動が、NiOでは還元反応全体の律 速段階となることを明らかにした。

(2)

[様式-学5]

Abstract of Doctoral Thesis

TitleMechanistic Investigation on Redox Reactions of Nickel Catalyst Supported on Silica

Doctoral Program in Advanced Life Sciences Graduate School of Life Sciences

Ritsumeikan University

ふりがな やました しょうへい

氏 名 YAMASHITA Shohei

The speciation of supported metal catalysts under the reaction condition is necessary for understanding the catalysis property and its reaction mechanism. The information provides the design principle of the improved catalysis system with high performance. In this study, the chemical state conversion of the Ni species supported on SiO2 was analyzed in the atomic scale by using XAFS technique under O2 and H2 atmosphere as a fundamental oxidizing and reducing reagent, respectively. The Ni loading was changed to control the size of supported Ni particles, and the redox properties were analyzed for a series of the Ni particle size in the range from 17 nm to 55 nm.

The XAFS spectra of the Ni species under the O2 or H2 gas atmosphere were measured by means of in situ XAFS technique during the heating process up to 600 ˚C. The supported Ni(0) species was quantitatively oxidized to NiO under the O2 atmosphere, and the formed NiO species was reversibly reduced to Ni(0) under the H2 atmosphere. The reversible redox reactions were observed for the supported Ni species on SiO2. The oxidation temperature for the larger Ni(0) particles was higher than that of the smaller Ni(0) particles, whereas the reduction temperatures of NiO were found to be independent on the particle size. The different O atom migration path in the supported Ni particle ascribed the different temperature dependence of the redox processes.

The redox reactions were dynamically investigated by using the time-resolved dispersive XAFS (DXAFS) technique with the millisecond time resolution for the supported Ni species to clarify the chemical state conversion kinetics. The redox processes were reproduced by a single exponential function as a function of time indicating the first-order reaction kinetics on the supported Ni species.

It is considered that the dissociative adsorption of the reaction gas molecule initiates the overall redox reactions and is followed by the surface redox processes of the Ni particle. The succeeding O atom migration in the Ni particle completes the redox processes of the particle bulk. The observed first-order kinetics on the Ni species revealed that the O atom migration is the rate-determining step with the fast prequilibria of the dissociative adsorption of the gas molecule and the surface redox steps. The derived rate expression indicates that the redox reaction rate is affected by the particle size of the Ni species. The fast redox reaction for the smaller Ni particle is ascribed by the fast O

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atom migration because of the short migration distance in the smaller particle.

The reduction reaction of the supported PdO species, which is a metal oxide for the same family element with Ni, has been analyzed on the basis of the reduction mechanism for the supported Ni species. The mechanistic difference between NiO and PdO was explained by the different rate-determining step due to their different crystal structures. The O atoms in PdO are arranged in a lattice plane, whereas the O and Ni atoms are alternatively aligned in the rock salt lattice of NiO.

The planar arrangement of O atoms in PdO is obviously preferable for the migration in the particle, while the atomic arrangement in NiO contributes to the unfavorable O atom migration.

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