プレス成形の加工プロセスと型設計に関する研究 : 回転ノブおよびフライホイールの成形加工

プレス成形の加工プロセスと型設計に関する研究 :

回転ノブおよびフライホイールの成形加工

著者

松田 豪彦, 中西 賢二, 上谷 俊平

雑誌名

鹿児島大学工学部研究報告

巻

48

ページ

1-8

別言語のタイトル

Experimental Study on Forming Process and Die

Design in Press Forming : Forming of a Knob

and a Flywheel

プレス成形の加工プロセスと型設計に関する研究 :

回転ノブおよびフライホイールの成形加工

著者

松田 豪彦, 中西 賢二, 上谷 俊平

雑誌名

鹿児島大学工学部研究報告

巻

48

ページ

1-8

別言語のタイトル

Experimental Study on Forming Process and Die

Design in Press Forming : Forming of a Knob

and a Flywheel

㣮ఽፉᄢቇᎿቇㇱ⎇ⓥႎ๔ ╙ 48 ภ㧔2006㧕  

ࡊ࡟ࠬᚑᒻߩടᎿࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߣဳ⸳⸘ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ

㧙࿁ォࡁࡉ߅ࠃ߮ࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞ߩᚑᒻടᎿ㧙

᧻↰ ⽕ᒾ*  ਛ⷏ ⾫ੑ**

 

਄⼱ ବᐔ**

                                  

Experimental Study on Forming Process and Die Design in Press Forming

㧙Forming of a Knob and a Flywheel㧙

                                 Takehiko MATSUDA, Kenji NAKANISHI and Shunpei KAMITANI

The flywheel, roller and knob can be formed directly from the cylindrical work-piece by cold axisymmetric upsetting with lateral extrusion. Lack of material filling was observed at the rim part of an extruded product, when an ordinal die was used. Then, the forming process and die was designed to achieve effective material flow to fulfill the lack portion of an extruded product. The product formed by the proposed forming process and die has the circular concave plane at the disk surface. When that concave plane is related to the base plane of an ornament plate in a knob and to the lightweight design of a product in a flywheel, the net shape forming can be achieved in the proposed forming process and die. K eyw ords : flywheel, knob, closed die forging, tool/die design

                                                                     㧝㧚✜⸒  ࿁ォࡁࡉޔࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞ߥߤޔゲઃ߈౞᧼⁁ㇱ ຠ߇ࠞࡔ࡜ޔࠕࡦࡊޔ࠴ࡘ࡯࠽࡯߅ࠃ߮⸘᷹ᯏེߥ ߤߩᄙߊߩ♖ኒዊဳᯏེߦ૶ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߔߥࠊߜޔ ࿁ォࡁࡉߪᯏེߩᯏ⢻ࠍ⺞ᢛߔࠆㇱຠߣߒߡޔࡈ࡜ ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞ߪ࿁ォേ૞ࠍṖࠄ߆ߦߔࠆㇱຠߣߒߡ ૶ࠊࠇࠆޕ࿁ォࡁࡉߣࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞ࠍ࿑࿑㧙㧝ߦ␜ ߔޕ࿑㧔A㧕ߪゲࠍ࿁ォߔࠆ㓙ߩᜰߦࠃࠆࠣ࡝࠶ࡊ

䋨A䋩 Rotating knob

䋨B䋩 longitudinal cross sections of the flywheel

a b c

a b

䋨A䋩 Rotating knob

䋨B䋩 longitudinal cross sections of the flywheel 䋨A䋩 Rotating knob

䋨B䋩 longitudinal cross sections of the flywheel

a b c a b ࿑㧙㧝 ࿁ォࡁࡉ߅ࠃ߮ࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞ ᗵߣ࿁ߒᤃߐ߇ⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆ࿁ォࡁࡉߩᄖᒻᒻ⁁ࠍ ⴫ߒߡ޿ߡޔࡁࡉߩ஥㕙ߪ a ߇ᐔ㕙ޔb ߇ḧᦛ㕙ޔ 2006ᐕ 8 ᦬ 31 ᣣฃℂ *  ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟‛⾰↢↥Ꮏቇኾ᡹ **  ᯏ᪾Ꮏቇ⑼     ― 1 ―

ߐࠄߦ㨏߇ࡠ࡟࠶࠻ᮨ᭽ࠍ⴫ߔޕ߹ߚޔ࿑㧔B㧕ߪ ᄖ஥㕙ㄭறߩ⾰㊂ࠍᄢ߈ߊߒゲਛᔃㄭறߩ⾰㊂ࠍ ዊߐߊ⸳⸘ 1)ߔࠆߎߣߢޔ㧔࿁ォᘠᕈജ㧛⾰㊂㧕Ყ ࠍᄢ߈ߊߔࠆߎߣ߇ⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞ᢿ 㕙ᒻ⁁ࠍ⴫ߔޕ਄⸥ߩゲઃ౞᧼⁁ㇱຠߪޔ಄㑆஥ᣇ ᛼಴ߒ㎊ㅧടᎿߦࠃߞߡ౞ᩇ⁁⚛᧚߆ࠄ⋥ធᚑᒻ ടᎿߢ߈ࠆޕ߹ߚޔࡁࡉ஥㕙ߩᒻ⁁߅ࠃ߮ゲਛᔃㄭ றߩ┄ߺᒻ⁁ߩᚑᒻടᎿߪ㊄ဳౝ㕙ߩᐞ૗ቇ⊛ᒻ ⁁ࠍ⵾ຠ⴫㕙ߣㅒߦߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅน⢻ߣߥࠆޕ ߚߛߒޔ಄㑆஥ᣇ᛼಴ߒ㎊ㅧടᎿߩ႐วޔടᎿ⚳ ੌ೨ߩ႟ᕈᵹࠇ߇ဳౝㇱߢ㐽Ⴇ⁁ᘒߦ㒱ࠅޔ⚿ᨐߣ ߒߡടᎿຠᄖ๟ⷺㇱ㧔ᄖ✼ㇱ㧕ߦ⚛᧚ߩలႯਇ⿷㧔ᰳ ⡺㧕߇⊒↢ߒᤃ޿ޕᓥߞߡޔหടᎿᴺࠍታ↪ൻߔࠆ ߦߪ਄⸥໧㗴ὐࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕ  ߎߩߎߣߦ㑐ߒߡޔ╩⠪ࠄߪవߦᩰሶ✢⸃ᨆᴺ 2),3)_{ࠍㆡ↪ߒߚ৻ㅪߩ಄㑆ᐔ㕙߭ߕߺ஥ᣇ᛼಴ߒ} ㎊ㅧടᎿታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߡޔဳߩౝㇱߦᲑᏅⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌ ࠆဳ᭴ㅧߣߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅૐ޿ࡄࡦ࠴⩄㊀ߢᄖ๟ ⷺㇱ߳ߩ⚛᧚లႯࠍ⏕ታߦߔࠆ႟ᕈᵹࠇ߇ᓧࠄࠇ ࠆߎߣࠍ⷗޿ߛߒߚ4)ޕ ゲኻ⒓஥ᣇ᛼಴ߒ㎊ㅧടᎿߦޔ਄ㅀߩဳ᭴ㅧࠍㆡ ↪ߒߚ႐วޔᲑᏅⓨ㑆ߪဳᐩ㕙✼ㇱߩⅣ⁁Ḵߣߥࠆ ߎߣ߆ࠄᚑᒻຠᐩ㕙ਛᄩㇱߦ౞ᒻ┄ߺ㕙߇ᚑᒻߐ ࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆޕߎߩ┄ߺ㕙ߪ࿁ォࡁࡉߩ႐วߪࠝ ࡯࠽ࡔࡦ࠻㧔ᢥሼߥߤࠍೞශߒߚ㘼ࠅ᧼㧕ߥߤߩข ࠅઃߌ㕙ߦ⋧ᔕߐߖޔࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞ߩ႐วߪޔห ⵾ຠߩシ㊂ൻࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡゲਛᔃㇱߦ⸳ߌࠆ┄ߺ 㕙ߦ⋧ᔕߐߖࠆߎߣߢ㧔ᚑᒻຠߣဳߩㅪ៤⸳⸘ߦࠃ ࠆ㧕ࡀ࠶࠻ࠪࠚࠗࡊടᎿ㧔⸳⸘࿑ㅢࠅߩᚑᒻຠࠍᓧ ࠆടᎿ㧕߇ታ⃻ߢ߈ࠆޕ એ਄ߩⷰὐߦၮߠ޿ߡޔᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ৻ㅪߩᚑᒻട Ꮏታ㛎ࠪࡒࡘ࡟㧙࡚ࠪࡦࠍⴕ޿ޔടᎿຠᄖ✼ㇱಽߩ ᒻ⁁ォ౮⢻ࠍะ਄ߐߖߚ಄㑆ゲኻ⒓஥ᣇ᛼಴ߒ㎊ ㅧടᎿߩടᎿࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߣหࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍታ⃻ߔࠆဳ ⸳⸘ࠍⴕߞߚޕ       㧞㧚ᚑᒻടᎿታ㛎ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩᚑᒻ ຠ࡮ታ㛎ⵝ⟎࡮ታ㛎᧦ઙ࡮ታ㛎ᣇᴺ  ᚑᒻຠ   ࿑㧙㧞ߩ㧔A㧕ߦ⚛᧚ߣᚑᒻടᎿຠߩ 3 ᰴరᒻ⁁ ࠍ⴫ߔޕᚑᒻടᎿຠߩኸᴺ࡮ᒻ⁁ߩ⸵ኈ୯ߩ▸࿐ౝ ߢ࿁ォࡁࡉߣߒߡߩᦨㆡ୯޽ࠆ޿ߪࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯ ࡞ߣߒߡߩᦨㆡ୯ࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆߣޔ೨ㅀߩࠃ߁ߦᚑᒻ ຠߣဳߩㅪ៤⸳⸘ߦࠃࠆࡀ࠶࠻ࠪࠚࠗࡊടᎿ߇ታ ⃻ߢ߈ࠆޕ  ታ㛎ⵝ⟎ޔታ㛎᧦ઙ߅ࠃ߮ታ㛎ᣇᴺ   ታ㛎ⵝ⟎ࠍ࿑㧙㧞ߩ㧔B㧕ߦ␜ߔޕᧄⵝ⟎ߩ․ᓽ ߣߒߡޔဳౝㇱᐩ㕙㧔ඨᓘ R㧕ߦߪޔ⵾ຠᄖ๟✼ㇱ ߩᒻ⁁ォ౮⢻ࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆᯏ⢻ࠍᜬߟᲑᏅⓨ㑆㧔eޔ f㧕ࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ౞᧼ᒻ⁁ࡊ࡟࡯࠻㧔ඨᓘ Rbޔෘߐ Hb㧕ࠍ⸳⟎ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕߥ߅ޔߎߩᲑᏅⓨ 㑆ߪޔဳᐩ㕙✼ㇱߦ⸳ߌࠆⅣ⁁Ḵߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆޕ߹ߚޔ ஥ᣇ᛼಴ߒㇱⓨ㑆ߩ㜞ߐ H ߪ 10.4mmޔඨᓘ R ߪ 15mmߢ޽ࠆޕ࿑㧔C㧕ߦࡄࡦ࠴ߩ᛼ߒㄟߺߦ઻߁ ⚛᧚ᚑᒻㆊ⒟ߩᮨᑼ࿑ࠍ⴫ߔޕ ታ㛎᧦ઙߪޔᲑᏅⓨ㑆ߩᷓߐࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ౞᧼ᒻ⁁ࡊ ࡟࡯࠻ߩෘߐ Hb ࠍ Hb=3 mm ߦ࿕ቯߒߡޔหࡊ࡟ ࡯ ࠻ ߩ ඨ ᓘ Rb ࠍ Rb=10.3 mm(0.667) ޔ 10.9 mm(0.586)ޔ11.5 mm (0.5)ޔ13.2mm(0.257)߅ࠃ߮ 15 mm( 0 : ᲑᏅⓨ㑆ήߒߣߥࠆ)ߩ㧡⒳㘃ߦᄌൻߐߖ ߚޕߎߎߢޔ( )ౝߩᢙ୯ߪᒛ಴ߒㇱಽߩඨᓘᣇะ 㐳ߐ 7 mm ߦኻߔࠆᲑᏅḴⓨ㑆ߩඨᓘᣇะ᏷ Rw ߩ ഀวࠍ⴫ߔޕߐࠄߦޔታ㛎᧦ઙߦࡊ࡟࡯࠻ήߒ 㧔Hb=0 mm㧕ߩ᧦ઙࠍട߃ߚޕ ਄⸥ߩฦᲑᏅⓨ㑆⸳⟎᧦ઙ߅ࠃ߮ࡊ࡟࡯࠻ήߒ ߩ᧦ઙਅߢޔ౞ᩇ⚛᧚ࠍဳౝߦⵝႯߒࡄࡦ࠴㧔g㧕 ࠍ⸳⟎ᓟޔหታ㛎ⵝ⟎ࠍᴤ࿶ࡊ࡟ࠬ㧔30tf ⶄേᴤ࿶ ࡊ࡟ࠬ㧕ߩᎿౕบ਄ߦ⒖ߒߡᚑᒻടᎿታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚޕ ታ㛎ߦ↪޿ߚ⚛᧚ߪޔᏒ⽼Ꮏᬺ↪⚐ࠕ࡞ࡒ࠾࠙ࡓ A1050ߩ὾㊰᧚㧔὾㊰ᓟߩ⎬ߐ HV= 21㧕ߢ޽ࠆޕ ㎊ㅧടᎿㆊ⒟ߩࡄࡦ࠴⩄㊀ߪᎿౕบߦ⸳⟎ߒߚ⩄

Work-piece

40 mm

c

a

b

d

e

g

Rb

R

f

Hb

H

Punch stroke

Product

㱂16 mm 10 .4 mm 㱢30mm

Rw

㱂16 mm

䋨B䋩

䋨C䋩

䋨A䋩

a,b : Split dies c,d : Clamp

e,f : Stepwise cavity g : Punch

Work-piece

40 mm

c

a

b

d

e

g

Rb

R

f

Hb

H

Punch stroke

Product

㱂16 mm 10 .4 mm 㱢30mm

Rw

㱂16 mm

䋨B䋩

䋨C䋩

䋨A䋩

a,b : Split dies c,d : Clamp

e,f : Stepwise cavity g : Punch ࿑㧙㧞 ታ㛎ⵝ⟎ޔ⚛᧚߅ࠃ߮ᚑᒻടᎿຠߩ᭎⇛࿑ ㊀ᄌ឵ེߦࠃࠅ⸘᷹ߒޔࡄࡦ࠴⒖േ㊂ߪࡊ࡟ࠬ࡜ࡓ ߩേ߈ߦㅪേߔࠆᄌ૏ᄌ឵ེߦࠃࠅ⸘᷹ߒߚޕࡄࡦ ࠴⩄㊀ߣࡄࡦ࠴⒖േ㊂ߩ⸘᷹୯ߪ࠺࡯࠲࡟ࠦ࡯࠳ ࠍ↪޿ߡടᎿᤨ㑆ߩផ⒖ߦኻᔕߐߖߡㅪ⛯⊛ߦ⸥ ㍳ߒߚޕߥ߅ޔฦታ㛎᧦ઙਅߦ߅ߌࠆᦨᄢࡄࡦ࠴⩄ ㊀ࠍห৻ߦߒߚ႐วߩᚑᒻ⁁ᘒࠍ⋧੕ߦᲧセߔࠆ ߚ߼ޔ੍஻ታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ਄ߢᦨᄢࡄࡦ࠴⩄㊀ࠍ 105kNߦ⸳ቯߒߚޕࡄࡦ࠴⒖േ㊂ࠍᦨᄢࡄࡦ࠴⩄㊀ ୯߹ߢㅪ⛯ߒߡ⒖േߐߖߚታ㛎߅ࠃ߮ടᎿ㐿ᆎ૏ ⟎߆ࠄ⚳ੌ૏⟎߹ߢߩ㑆ߢ 5 Ბ㓏ߦᄌ߃ߚታ㛎㧔ㅙ ᰴᄌᒻታ㛎㧕ߩਔᣇࠍⴕߞߚޕㅙᰴᄌᒻታ㛎ߢߪޔ ᚑᒻߩㅴⴕߦ઻ߞߚ⚛᧚ᄖᒻᒻ⁁ߩᄌൻࠍ᷹ቯߒ ߚޕ 㧟㧚ታ㛎⚿ᨐ߅ࠃ߮⠨ኤ ฦ⒳ᲑᏅⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳⟎ߒߚဳ߅ࠃ߮ᲑᏅⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳ ߌߥ޿ဳࠍ↪޿ߚ㎊ㅧടᎿㆊ⒟ߩࡄࡦ࠴⩄㊀ߣࡄ ࡦ࠴ࠬ࠻ࡠ࡯ࠢߩ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐ߅ࠃ߮ᚑᒻຠᄖᒻࠍ࿑࿑ 㧙㧟ߦ␜ߔޕห࿑ਛߩဳߩᮨᑼ࿑ߪᚑᒻടᎿߦ૶↪ ߒߚဳߩౝㇱᒻ⁁ࠍ⴫ߔޕ࿑㧔A㧕ߩࡄࡦ࠴⩄㊀㧙 ࡄࡦ࠴ࠬ࠻ࡠ࡯ࠢᦛ✢ߪ⚛᧚߇஥ᣇߦ᛼಴ߐࠇࠆ ㆊ⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆࡄࡦ࠴⩄㊀ߩߥߛࠄ߆ߥჇടㆊ⒟ߣޔ ⚛᧚ߩ஥ᣇ᛼಴ߒㇱಽవ┵߇ဳ஥ოߦ೔㆐ߒߚᓟ ߦဳⓨ㑆߳లḩߔࠆㆊ⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆࡄࡦ࠴⩄㊀ߩ㗼 ⪺ߥჇടㆊ⒟ࠍ⴫ߔޕ߹ߚޔဳⓨ㑆߳లḩߔࠆㆊ⒟ ߦ߅ߌࠆࡄࡦ࠴⩄㊀ߩࡄࡦ࠴ࠬࡠ࡯ࠢߦኻߔࠆჇ ടഀวߪޔဳౝㇱᐩ㕙ߦ⸳ߌߚᲑᏅⓨ㑆ߩ᏷ߩᓇ㗀 ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆޕ ᲑᏅⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌߥ޿ဳ㧔Hb=0 mm㧕ࠍ↪޿ߚᚑ ᒻടᎿታ㛎ߢߪޔࡄࡦ࠴ࠬ࠻ࡠ࡯ࠢ߇ 26mm ઃㄭ ߢ㐽Ⴇ⁁ᘒߣߥࠅޔߎߩߣ߈ߩࡄࡦ࠴⩄㊀ߪ 75kN ߢ޽ߞߚޕߐࠄߦട࿶ߒߡ߽႟ᕈᵹࠇߪᱛ߹ߞߚ߹ ߹ߢ޽ߞߚޕ࿑㧔B㧕ߦ߅޿ߡޔᚑᒻຠᄖᒻߣ᛼಴ ― 3 ―

0

50

100

150

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Punch stroke䇭S䇭/mm

Lo

ad

䇭

P

䇭

/k

N

Rb=15mm Hb= 3mm Rb=13.2mm Hb= 3 mm Rb=11.5mm Hb= 3 mm Hb= 0 mm Rb=10.9mm Hb= 3 mm Rb=10.3mm Hb= 3 mm

䋨A) Punch load-stroke curves

Die Die

Die Die Die

Die

Die configurations

0

50

100

150

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Punch stroke䇭S䇭/mm

Lo

ad

䇭

P

䇭

/k

N

Rb=15mm Hb= 3mm Rb=13.2mm Hb= 3 mm Rb=11.5mm Hb= 3 mm Hb= 0 mm Rb=10.9mm Hb= 3 mm Rb=10.3mm Hb= 3 mm

䋨A) Punch load-stroke curves

Die Die

Die

Die DieDie DieDie

Die

Die configurations

䋨B䋩 Product photographs

1mm 5mm Hb= 0 mm Rb=10.3mm Hb= 3 mm Rb=10.9mm Hb= 3 mm Rb=11.5mm Hb= 3 mm Rb=13.2mm Hb= 3 mm Rb=15mm Hb= 3mm

䋨B䋩 Product photographs

1mm 5mm Hb= 0 mm Rb=10.3mm Hb= 3 mm Rb=10.9mm Hb= 3 mm Rb=11.5mm Hb= 3 mm Rb=13.2mm Hb= 3 mm Rb=15mm Hb= 3mm 1mm 5mm Hb= 0 mm Rb=10.3mm Hb= 3 mm Rb=10.9mm Hb= 3 mm Rb=11.5mm Hb= 3 mm Rb=13.2mm Hb= 3 mm Rb=15mm Hb= 3mm ࿑㧙㧟 ࡄࡦ࠴⩄㊀㧙ࠬ࠻ࡠ࡯ࠢᦛ✢߅ࠃ߮ᚑᒻടᎿຠᄖᒻᒻ⁁ߩ⋧੕Ყセ ߒᚑᒻㇱߩᄖ๟஥㕙਄ⷺㇱߦ޽ࠆ⚛᧚ᧂలႯ▎ᚲ ߩ᜛ᄢ࿑ࠍ␜ߔޕ਄ⷺㇱߢߪޔ⚛᧚ߩలႯ⁁ᘒ߇Ბ Ꮕⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅᡷༀߐࠇޔ߹ߚޔలႯ⁁ ᘒ߇ᲑᏅⓨ㑆ߩ᏷ߦ߽ଐሽߒߡᄌࠊࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ ࠆޕ৻ᣇޔਅⷺㇱߢߪޔᲑᏅⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌߥ޿႐ว 㧔Hb=0 mm㧕ߦ⚛᧚ߩᧂలႯ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ߇ޔᲑᏅ ⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌߚ႐ว㧔Hb=3 mm㧕ߪޔᲑᏅⓨ㑆ߩ᏷ߦ ߆߆ࠊࠄߕ⚛᧚߇ቢోߦలႯߒߡ޿ࠆޕᲑᏅⓨ㑆ߩ

⸳⟎᧦ઙߣ਄ⷺㇱ߳ߩ⚛᧚లႯ⁁ᘒߩ㑐ଥࠍ࿑࿑㧙 㧠ߦ␜ߔޕ❑ゲߩలႯ₸Ș ߪޔ਄ⷺㇱࠍᐔ㕙ߦᛩᓇ ߒߚ࿑ߦ⸳ቯߒߚ৻ㄝ 3.5 mm ߩᱜᣇᒻⓨ㑆ᨒౝߦ ߅޿ߡޔలႯߐࠇߚ⚛᧚ߩභ᦭㕙Ⓧ A ߇භ߼ࠆഀ วޔ㧔Ș= A㧛਄ⷺㇱⓨ㑆ᨒߩో㕙Ⓧ㧔3.52 㧕㧕ߩ⊖ಽ ₸⴫␜ߢ⴫ߒߚޕᮮゲߪᲑᏅⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌࠆߚ߼ߦဳ ᐩㇱߦ⸳⟎ߔࠆ౞᧼ᒻ⁁ࡊ࡟࡯࠻ඨᓘ㧔Fig. 2 ߩ Rb㧕߅ࠃ߮ᲑᏅⓨ㑆ߩḴ᏷㧔Fig. 2 ߩ Rw㧕ࠍ⴫ߔޕ ห࿑߆ࠄဳౝߩᐩ㕙ߦ Rw=1.8 mm㧔Rb=13.2 mmޔ Hb=3 mm㧕ߩᲑᏅⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌߚ႐วߦޔဳⓨ㑆߳ߩ ⚛᧚లႯ߇ᦨ߽⦟ᅢߣߥࠅޔలႯ₸Ș= 98㧑ߦ㆐ߔ ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆޕḴ᏷ Rw=1.5㨪3mm ⒟ᐲߩ▸࿐ߢ Ș= 97㧑એ਄ߩ㜞లႯ₸߇⛽ᜬߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆޕ ߐࠄߦḴ᏷ Rw ࠍ 4mm ߹ߢ᜛ߍߡ߽ޔలႯ₸ Ș= 95㧑⒟ᐲߩలႯ₸߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆޕ ᧂలႯ▎ᚲߩᐔ㕙ᛩᓇ࿑ߦ߅޿ߡޔߘߩᮮ᏷ࠍ xޔ ❑᏷ࠍ y ߣߒߚߣ߈ߩဳᐩ㕙ߩࡊ࡟࡯࠻ඨᓘ Rb ߣ 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Rb /mm䇭䋨Hb=3mm䋩 F ill in g rate Ș / % 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rw䇭/mm 100 5 . 3 2u A K Rb 15 Rw

A

3.5mm 3. 5m m Hb=0䋨Flat plane䋩 95% 97% 98% 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Rb /mm䇭䋨Hb=3mm䋩 F ill in g rate Ș / % 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rw䇭/mm 100 5 . 3 2u A K Rb 15 Rw

A

3.5mm 3. 5m m 100 5 . 3 2u A K Rb 15 Rw

A

A

3.5mm 3. 5m m Hb=0䋨Flat plane䋩 95% 97% 98% ࿑㧙㧠 ㊄ဳߩ਄ⷺㇱ OO ᐔᣇⓨ㑆ߦᛩᓇߒߡ⸘▚ߒ ߚ࠳ࠗࠬⓨ㑆߳ߩ⚛᧚ߩలႯ₸ ߩ㑐ଥࠍ࿑࿑㧙㧡ߦ␜ߒޔxޔyߣలႯ₸Șߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ ࿑㧙㧢ߦ␜ߔޕߎߩ㑐ଥ߆ࠄᮮ᏷xߩᣇ߇❑᏷yࠃࠅ ߽ᄢ߈޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆޕ߹ߚޔలႯ₸߆ࠄⷺㇱߩ㕙 ขࠅߦ឵▚ߒߚ㑐ଥࠍ࿑࿑㧙㧣ߦ␜ߔޕలႯ₸Ș=96% ߦ㆐ߔࠆߣޔ਄ⷺㇱࠍ⋥੤㕙ߢ⴫␜ߒߚ႐วߩC= 㧝ߩ㕙ขࠅߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ୯ߦߥࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆޕలႯ ₸Ș= 98㧑ߩ႐วߪC= 0.7⒟ᐲߩ㕙ขࠅߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆޕ ߥ߅ޔታ㓙ߩⷺㇱᒻ⁁ߪޔ᧚ᢱߩ႟ᕈᵹࠇߦଐሽߒ ߚ⥄↱ᦛ㕙ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ޔဳⷺㇱ߆ࠄߩ〒㔌ߢ ߺࠆߣߐࠄߦ㕙ขࠅኸᴺߪዊߐߊߥࠆޕలႯ₸Ș= 98㧑ߢߩဳⷺㇱ߆ࠄߩ〒㔌ߪ0.37mmߣߥࠅޔ㕙ข ࠅߦ⋧ᒰߐߖࠆߣC=0.5⒟ᐲߦߥࠆޕ 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 8 10 12 14 Rb /mm x䋬䌹 /m m 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 8 10 12 14 Rb=0 Rb=0 x y x y x y 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 8 10 12 14 Rb /mm x䋬䌹 /m m 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 8 10 12 14 Rb=0 Rb=0 x y x y x y ࿑㧙㧡 Z[㧙4D ߩ㑐ଥ 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 Filling rate Ș /% x 䋬䌹 /m m 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 60 70 80 90 100 x y x y x y 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 Filling rate Ș /% x 䋬䌹 /m m 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 60 70 80 90 100 x y x y x y ࿑㧙㧢 Z[㧙ǯ ߩ㑐ଥ ― 5 ―

ဳߦ⸳ߌࠆᲑᏅⓨ㑆ߩᐞ૗ቇ⊛․ᓽߪ᛼಴ߒㇱ ಽᚑᒻຠᮮᢿ㕙ⓍSc (࿑㧙㧞ߦ߅޿ߡޔSc=ǸR2)ߣ  0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Filling rate Ș /% C o rn er cu t 䇭C / m m 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 96% 98%

Corner cut C evaluated form unfilled area 㱓䋽Filled aria / corner aria 3.52 _㬍100

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Filling rate Ș /% C o rn er cu t 䇭C / m m 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 96% 98%

Corner cut C evaluated form unfilled area 㱓䋽Filled aria / corner aria 3.52 _㬍100

࿑㧙㧣 లႯ₸ ǯ ߦ㑐ㅪઃߌߚ㕙ขࠅ㧯ߩ୯  ᲑᏅⓨ㑆㐿ญㇱ㕙ⓍSb (࿑㧙㧞ߦ߅޿ߡޔSb=Ǹ(R2 –Rh2)ߩᲧ㧔ߔߥࠊߜᲑᏅⓨ㑆ߩ᛼಴ߒᲧ㧕Sc/Sbߢ ⴫ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕᦨ߽⦟ᅢߥဳߩᒻ⁁ォ౮⢻߇ᓧ ࠄࠇߚᲑᏅⓨ㑆ߩ᛼಴ߒᲧߪޔ㧔R=15 mm߅ࠃ߮ Rb=13.2 mmࠃࠅ㧕Sc/Sb=4.43ߣߥࠆޕߥ߅ޔ਄⸥Ბ Ꮕⓨ㑆ߩ᛼಴ߒᲧSc/Sbߩ୯ߪޔᐔ㕙߭ߕߺ஥ᣇ᛼ ಴ߒ㎊ㅧടᎿ4)ߦ߅޿ߡᦨ߽⦟ᅢߥဳߩᒻ⁁ォ౮⢻ ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆSc/Sbߩ୯ߣ߶ߣࠎߤห৻୯ߢ޽ࠆޕ ᦨ߽⦟ᅢߥᒻ⁁ォ౮⢻ࠍᓧߚᲑᏅⓨ㑆ࠍဳᐩ㕙 ߦ⸳ߌߚ႐ว߅ࠃ߮ᲑᏅⓨ㑆ߩή޿႐วߩ෺ᣇߦ ߟ޿ߡޔ஥ᣇ᛼಴ߒ㎊ㅧടᎿㆊ⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆࡄࡦ࠴ࠬ ࠻ࡠ࡯ࠢߩផ⒖ߦ઻߁ဳౝㇱ⚛᧚ߩᒻ⁁ᄌൻ߅ࠃ ߮ࡄࡦ࠴⩄㊀ߣࡄࡦ࠴ࠬ࠻ࡠ࡯ࠢߩ㑐ଥࠍ࿑࿑㧙㧤 ߦ␜ߔޕဳᐩ㕙ߦᲑᏅⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌߚဳߩ႐ว㧔࿑

(A) Die䋺Hb=3mm, Rb=13.2mm

(B) Die䋺Hb=0mm

(Ref. to Fig.1)

(Ref. to Fig.1)

s

1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3mm

s

1 2 3 4 5 4 5 3mm E Position 25 4.7 0.75 20 2.5 0.3 35 9.6 1.8 0 0 0 Load /kN Punch stroke /mm Time /s 5.6 4.6 125 61 26 23

s

1 3 4 5 2 Position 37 8.8 1.9 30 5 1.1 39 10 2.15 0 0 0 Load /kN Punch stroke /mm Time /s 5.2 3.8 105 67 23 17

s

1 2 3 4 5

(A) Die䋺Hb=3mm, Rb=13.2mm

(B) Die䋺Hb=0mm

(Ref. to Fig.1)

(Ref. to Fig.1)

s

1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3mm

s

1 2 3 4 5 4 5 3mm E

(A) Die䋺Hb=3mm, Rb=13.2mm

(B) Die䋺Hb=0mm

(Ref. to Fig.1)

(Ref. to Fig.1)

s

1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3mm 3mm

s

1 2 3 4 5 4 5 3mm 3mm E Position 25 4.7 0.75 20 2.5 0.3 35 9.6 1.8 0 0 0 Load /kN Punch stroke /mm Time /s 5.6 4.6 125 61 26 23

s

1 3 4 5 2 Position 25 4.7 0.75 20 2.5 0.3 35 9.6 1.8 0 0 0 Load /kN Punch stroke /mm Time /s 5.6 4.6 125 61 26 23

s

1 3 4 5 2 Position 37 8.8 1.9 30 5 1.1 39 10 2.15 0 0 0 Load /kN Punch stroke /mm Time /s 5.2 3.8 105 67 23 17

s

1 2 3 4 5 Position 37 8.8 1.9 30 5 1.1 39 10 2.15 0 0 0 Load /kN Punch stroke /mm Time /s 5.2 3.8 105 67 23 17

s

1 2 3 4 5 ࿑㧙㧤 ᚑᒻടᎿㆊ⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆ⚛᧚ߩᄖᒻᒻ⁁ߩㅪ⛯ᄌൻ㧔ታ᷹࠺࡯࠲㧕

7.0 9.0 11.0 13.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Punch stroke S /mm Rq /m m 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 䋨A䋩 Hb=3䋬Rb=13.2 40㫦 60㫦 80㫦 7.0 9.0 11.0 13.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Punch stroke S /mm Rq /m m 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 䋨A䋩 Hb=3䋬Rb=13.2 40㫦 60㫦 80㫦 40㫦 60㫦 40㫦 60㫦 80㫦  7.0 9.0 11.0 13.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Punch stroke䇭S /mm Rq 䇭/m m 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 䋨B) Hb=0 40㫦 80㫦 60㫦 7.0 9.0 11.0 13.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Punch stroke䇭S /mm Rq 䇭/m m 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 䋨B) Hb=0 40㫦 80㫦 60㫦 40㫦 80㫦 60㫦 40㫦 80㫦 60㫦 ࿑㧙㧥 ࡄࡦ࠴ࠬ࠻ࡠ࡯ࠢߦ㑐ㅪઃߌߚ⚛᧚ߩᄖᒻᒻ⁁ߩᄌൻ 㧔A㧕㧕ޔࡄࡦ࠴ࠬ࠻ࡠ࡯ࠢ߇٤4_߆ࠄ٤5_{ߦ⒖േߔࠆ} Ბ㓏ߢ⚛᧚ߪᲑᏅⓨ㑆ߣⷺㇱⓨ㑆ߦ߶ߣࠎߤหᤨ ߦቢోߦ႟ᕈᵹ౉ߔࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆޕ߹ߚޔᲑᏅⓨ 㑆߳ߩ⚛᧚ߩ႟ᕈᵹേߪ⚛᧚߇ဳ஥ოߦ೔㆐ᓟߦ 㐿ᆎߔࠆ߇ޔ⚛᧚ߪဳო㕙ߦ೔㆐ߒߡ߆ࠄ਄ਅ2ᣇ ะ߳ߣᵹࠇ߇ಽ߆ࠇߡలḩߔࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆޕᲑᏅ ⓨ㑆ߦ⚛᧚߇లḩߔࠆᲑ㓏ߢޔᲑᏅⓨ㑆ߩౝო㕙ߣ ⚛᧚ߩ㑆ߦᱷࠆࠊߕ߆ߥⓨ㓗㧔࿑㧔A㧕ߦ␜ߔ٤E_㧕 ߇႟ᕈᵹࠇߩ㐽Ⴇ⁁ᘒࠍ㒐ߋᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔߣ⸒߃ ࠆޕߎߩㇱಽߩᚑᒻຠᄖᒻߪޔဳߦࠃࠆ᜔᧤ࠍฃߌ ߥ޿⥄↱ߥ႟ᕈᵹࠇߢᒻᚑߐࠇࠆᭂዊᦛ㕙ߣߥࠆޕ หᦛ㕙ߪ౞᧼ਛᄩㇱߩ┄ߺ㕙ߣ౞᧼ᄖ๟ㇱᐩ㕙ࠍ ⚿߱ᦛ㕙ߢ޽ࠅޔ․ߦᓟടᎿߦࠃࠆ࠻࡝ࡒࡦࠣߪਇ ⷐߣ⠨߃ࠆޕ ߥ߅ޔᲑᏅⓨ㑆ߩᷓߐHbߪᧄታ㛎ߢߪ3mmߦ⸳ቯ ߒߚ߇ޔ᛼಴ߒᲧSc/Sb=4.43ߩᲑᏅⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌߚဳ 㧔Rb=13.2mmޔḴ᏷Rw=1.8mm㧕ࠍ↪޿ߚታ㛎⚿ᨐ ߆ࠄޔ⚛᧚߇ᲑᏅⓨ㑆ౝ߳2 mm႟ᕈᵹേߒߚ⁁ᘒߢ ⵾ຠ਄ⷺㇱߪ㕙ขࠅC=1.0ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ⦟ᅢߥᒻ⁁ߣ ߥࠆ੐߇ಽ߆ߞߚޕ ৻ᣇޔဳᐩ㕙ߦᲑᏅⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌߥ޿ဳߩ႐ว㧔࿑ 㧔B㧕㧕ޔࡄࡦ࠴ࠬ࠻ࡠ࡯ࠢ߇ਃⷺࡑ࡯ࠢ5ߩ૏⟎ߢ ⚛᧚ߩ႟ᕈᵹࠇ߇߶ߣࠎߤ஗ᱛߒߡޔ஥ᣇ᛼಴ߒㇱ ဳ஥ოߩ਄ਅⷺㇱ߇ᰳ⡺⁁ᘒߩ߹߹㐽Ⴇ⁁ᘒߣߥ ࠅޔࡄࡦ࠴⩄㊀ߛߌ߇Ⴧടߒ⛯ߌࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆޕ ဳᐩ㕙ߦᲑᏅⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌߚ႐วߣ⸳ߌߥ޿႐ว ߦ߅ߌࠆᚑᒻຠߩᄖᒻᒻ⁁ߩ⋧㆑ὐࠍቯ㊂⊛ߦ⴫ ␜ߔࠆߚ߼ߦޔဳᐩ㕙ߩਛᔃ૏⟎ߢ௑߈ⷺࠍ10°ߕ ߟᄌ߃ߚ⋥✢ࠍ↪޿ߡหਛᔃὐ߆ࠄ᷹ߞߚ⚛᧚஥ 㕙ߩ੤ὐ߹ߢߩ〒㔌Rqߣࡄࡦ࠴ࠬ࠻ࡠ࡯ࠢߩ㑐ଥ ࠍ᳞߼ߚޕ⚿ᨐࠍ࿑࿑㧙㧥ߦ␜ߔޕ࿑ਛ㧔A㧕ߩᲑᏅ ⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌߚ႐วߩᣇ߇ޔ࿑ਛ㧔B㧕ߩᲑᏅⓨ㑆ࠍ ⸳ߌߥ޿႐วߦᲧߴߡRqߩ୯߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߎߣ߇ ࠊ߆ࠆޕߔߥࠊߜޔ஥ᣇㇱ਄ᣇะ߳ߩ᧚ᢱߩᵹࠇ߇ ᄢ߈޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆޕ  㧠㧚⚿⸒ ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ಄㑆ゲኻ⒓஥ᣇ᛼಴ߒ㎊ㅧടᎿߦ߅ ޿ߡޔဳߦࠃࠆടᎿຠᄖ✼ㇱߩᒻ⁁ォ౮⢻ࠍ⪺ߒߊ ะ਄ߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆဳౝㇱᐩ㕙ߦ⸳ߌࠆᲑᏅ ⓨ㑆㧔Ⅳ⁁Ḵ㧕ߩ⸳⟎ⷐઙࠍታ㛎ࠪࡒࡘ࡟㧙࡚ࠪࡦ ߦࠃࠅ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚޕ⎇ⓥᚑᨐࠍએਅߦ᭎᜝ߔࠆޕ (1) ဳౝㇱᐩ㕙✼ㇱಽߦㆡಾߥᲑᏅⓨ㑆㧔ታ㛎ߦ↪ ޿ߚဳߩ႐วޔᲑᏅⓨ㑆ߩḴ᏷ Rw=1.5㨪4 mmޔḴ ᷓߐ Hb=3mm ߩⅣ⁁ᲑᏅⓨ㑆㧕ࠍ⸳ߌߚဳࠍ↪޿ ߚᚑᒻടᎿߢߪޔ⚛᧚ߩలႯ⁁ᘒ߇⪺ߒߊะ਄ߒޔ ࡄࡦ࠴⩄㊀߇ 105kN ߢဳ߳ߩలႯ߇߶ߣࠎߤቢੌ ߔࠆޕ․ߦḴ᏷ Rw=1.8mm ߢߪޔဳⓨ㑆߳ߩ⚛᧚ లႯ߇ᦨ߽⦟ᅢߣߥࠆޕᐔ㕙ᛩᓇ࿑ߢߺࠆߣޔဳ ― 7 ―

ⷺㇱ߆ࠄߩ〒㔌ߪ 0.37mm ߣߥࠅ C=0.5 ߩ㕙ขࠅߦ ⋧ᒰߔࠆఝࠇߚలႯ⁁ᘒ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚޕ৻ᣇޔᲑᏅ ⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌߥ޿ဳࠍ↪޿ߚᚑᒻടᎿߢߪޔࡄࡦ࠴ ࠬ࠻ࡠ࡯ࠢ߇ 26mm ઃㄭߢ㐽Ⴇ⁁ᘒߣߥࠅޔࡄࡦ ࠴⩄㊀㧔ᦨᄢ୯㧕ࠍ⚂ 125 kN ߹ߢჇߒߡ߽႟ᕈᵹ ࠇߪ஗ᱛ⁁ᘒߢ޽ߞߚޕ (2)ᦨ߽⦟ᅢߥᄖ✼ㇱᒻ⁁ォ౮߇ᓧࠄࠇߚᲑᏅⓨ㑆 㧔Rw=1.8mm㧕ࠍ⸳ߌߚဳࠍ↪޿ߚᚑᒻടᎿߦ߅޿ ߡޔߎߩᲑᏅⓨ㑆ᒻ⁁ߩ․ᓽࠍ஥ᣇ᛼಴ߒㇱᮮᢿ 㕙Ⓧ Sc ߣᲑᏅⓨ㑆ㇱᮮᢿ㕙Ⓧ Sb ߩᲧ㧔Sc/Sb㧕ߢ ⴫⸥ߔࠆߣޔSc/Sb=4.43 ߣߥࠆޕߎߩ୯ߪޔᐔ㕙 ߭ߕߺ஥ᣇ᛼಴ߒ㎊ㅧടᎿߦ߅ߌࠆᦨఝ⦟ᒻ⁁ォ ౮ ⢻ ࠍ ᓧ ߚ Ბ Ꮕ ⓨ 㑆 ᒻ ⁁ ࠍ ห ᭽ ߦ ⴫ ⸥ ߒ ߚ Sc/Sb=4.43ߣ৻⥌ߒߚޕ (3) ဳⷺㇱ߳ߩ⚛᧚ߩ႟ᕈᵹേߪޔ⚛᧚߇ဳ஥㕙ߦ ೔㆐ߒߡ߆ࠄ㐿ᆎߒޔ਄ਅᣇะ߳ᵹࠇ߇ಽ߆ࠇߡ లḩߔࠆޕᲑᏅⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌߚ႐วޔ஥ᣇㇱ਄ᣇะ ߳ߩ᧚ᢱᵹࠇ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆޕ߹ߚޔᧂలႯㇱಽߩ ᏷ߪ❑᏷ࠃࠅඨᓘᣇะ᏷߇ᄢ߈޿ޕ (4) ᲑᏅⓨ㑆ߩḴ᏷ࠍ Rw=1.8mm㧔Sc/Sb=4.43㧕ߦ⸳ ቯߒߡޔḴᷓߐࠍ Hb=2mm ߣߒߚ႐วߢ߽ޔဳߩ ᒻ⁁ォ౮⢻߇⪺ߒߊะ਄ߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚޕ (5) ဳᐩ㕙✼ㇱߦᲑᏅⓨ㑆ࠍ⸳ߌߚဳࠍㆡ↪ߒߚ႐ วޔᚑᒻຠᐩ㕙ਛᄩㇱߦ┄ߺ㕙߇ᚑᒻߐࠇࠆߎߣ ߦߥࠆޕߎߩ┄ߺ㕙ࠍ࿁ォࡁࡉ߿ࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞ ߩ⸳⸘ᒻ⁁ߦ⋧ᔕߐߖࠆߣޔ㧔ᚑᒻຠߣဳߩㅪ៤⸳ ⸘ߦࠃࠆ㧕ࡀ࠶࠻ࠪࠚࠗࡊടᎿ߇ታ⃻ߢ߈ࠆޕ ⻢ㄉ     ᧄ⎇ⓥߩㆀⴕߦ߅޿ߡޔᧄቇਛᄩታ㛎Ꮏ႐ߩᛛⴚ ⡯ຬߩᣇޘߦဳߩ⵾૞Ბ㓏ߢ⒳ޘߩߏදജࠍ㗂߈ ߹ߒߚޕ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩ߹ߣ߼ߦ㓙ߒߡෘߊ߅␞↳ߒ਄ ߍ߹ߔޕ    ෳ⠨ᢥ₂     1㧕੗Ỉኪ㧦ᯏ᪾ⷐ⚛ߩ⸳⸘⸃ᨆޔጊᶏၴޔp.265(1967) 2㧕ਛ⷏⾫ੑޔ—⑥㓶ੑ㧦႟ᕈߣടᎿޔ36-418,  pp.1300-1306(1995) 3㧕ਛ⷏⾫ੑޔᄢ㊀Ⓜੑޔ਄⼱ବᐔ㧦ᣣᧄᯏ᪾ቇળ ⺰ᢥ㓸 A ✬ޔ63-616, pp.203-208(1997) 4㧕ᬀ᧛⋿৻㇢ޔਛ⷏⾫ੑޔ਄⼱ବᐔޔጊਅᐽᐔ㧦 ႟ᕈߣടᎿޔ46-532, pp. 402-406 (2005)