(O You Who changes t he heart s! keep my heart firm on Your religion) And he would say;
»
⊥ラや∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ
͡ギ∠Β͡よ
͡リヨ∇ェｚゲャや
∇ガ∠Α
⊥ヮ⊥ツ͡ヘ
ヮ⊥バ∠プ∇ゲ∠Α∠ヱ
«
(The Balance is in t he Hand of Ar-Rahman, He raises and lowers it .) This was also recorded by An-Nasai and Ibn Maj ah.
ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ボｚゎや∠ヱ
⇔る∠レ∇わ͡プ
ｚΙ
ｚリ∠らΒ͡ダ⊥ゎ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∠ニ
∇ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ
⇔るｚタべ∠カ
∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇ハや∠ヱ
ｚラ∠ぺ
∠ヮｚヤャや
⊥ギΑ͡ギ∠セ
͡バ∇ャや
͡ゆゅ∠ボ
び
(25. And fear t he Fit nah (afflict ion and t rial) which affect s not in part icular (only) t hose of you who do wrong, and know t hat Allah is severe in punishment .)
Warning against an encompassing Fitnah
Allah warns His believing servant s of a Fit nah, t rial and t est , t hat encompasses t he wicked and t hose around t hem. Therefore, such Fit nah will not be rest rict ed t o t he sinners and evildoers. Rat her, it will reach t he ot hers if t he sins are not st opped and prevent ed. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Mut arrif said, "We asked Az-Zubayr, ` O Abu ` Abdullah! What brought you here (for t he bat t le of Al-Jamal) You abandoned t he Khalifah who was assassinat ed (` Ut hman, may Allah be pleased wit h him) and t hen came asking for revenge for his blood' He said, ` We recit ed at t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah , and Abu Bakr, ` Umar and ` Ut hman,
ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ボｚゎや∠ヱ
⇔る∠レ∇わ͡プ
ｚΙ
ｚリ∠らΒ͡ダ⊥ゎ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∠ニ
∇ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ
⇔るｚタべ∠カ
び
(And fear t he Fit nah (afflict ion and t rial) which affect s not in part icular (only) t hose of you who do wrong,) We did not t hink t hat t his Ayah was about us t oo, unt il it reached us as it did.''' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah,
ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ボｚゎや∠ヱ
⇔る∠レ∇わ͡プ
ｚΙ
ｚリ∠らΒ͡ダ⊥ゎ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∠ニ
∇ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ
⇔るｚタべ∠カ
び
(And fear t he Fit nah (afflict ion and t rial) which affect s not in part icular (only) t hose of you who do wrong,) refers t o t he Companions of t he Prophet in part icular. In anot her narrat ion from Ibn ` Abbas, he said, "Allah commanded t he believers t o st op evil from flourishing among t hem, so
t hat Allah does not encompass t hem all in t he t orment (Fit nah). '' This, indeed, is a very good explanat ion, prompt ing Muj ahid t o comment about Allah's st at ement ,
ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ボｚゎや∠ヱ
⇔る∠レ∇わ͡プ
ｚΙ
ｚリ∠らΒ͡ダ⊥ゎ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∠ニ
∇ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ
⇔るｚタべ∠カ
び
(And fear t he Fit nah (afflict ion and t rial) which affect s not in part icular (only) t hose of you who do wrong,)
"Is for you t oo!'' Several said similarly, such as Ad-Dahhak and Yazid bin Abi Habib and several ot hers. Ibn Mas` ud said, "There is none among you but t here is somet hing t hat represent s a Fit nah for him, for Allah said,
ぴ
べ∠ヨｚル͡ま
∇ユ⊥ム⊥ャ∠ヲ∇ョ∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥ミ⊥ギ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱ
∀る∠レ∇わ͡プ
び
(Your wealt h and your children are only a t rial (Fit nah)...) 64:15 . Therefore, when you seek refuge, seek it wit h Allah from t he Fit nah t hat causes misguidance.'' Ibn Jarir collect ed t his Hadit h. The view t hat t he warning in t his Ayah addresses t he Companions and all ot hers is t rue, even t hough t he speech in t he Ayah was direct ed at t he Companions. There are Hadit hs t hat warn against Fit nah in general, t hus providing t he correct ness of t his explanat ion. Similarly t here will be a separat e book in which t his subj ect will be discussed, Allah willing, as also is t he case wit h t he Imams, t here being a number of writ ings about t his. Of t he most precise t hings t hat have been ment ioned under t his t opic, is what was recorded by Imam Ahmad from Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
»
ヵ͡グｚャや∠ヱ
ヶ͡ジ∇ヘ∠ル
͡ロ͡ギ∠Β͡よ
ｚラ⊥ゲ⊥ョ∇ほ∠わ∠ャ
͡フヱ⊥ゲ∇バ∠ヨ∇ャゅ͡よ
ｚラ⊥ヲ∠ヰ∇レ∠わ∠ャ∠ヱ
͡リ∠ハ
͡ゲ∠ム∇レ⊥ヨ∇ャや
∇ヱ∠ぺ
ヲ⊥Β∠ャ
ｚリ∠ム͡セ
⊥ぶや
∇ラ∠ぺ
∠ゑ∠バ∇ら∠Α
∇ユ⊥ム∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
ゅ⇔よゅ∠ボ͡ハ
∇リ͡ョ
͡ロ͡ギ∇レ͡ハ
ｚユ⊥を
⊥ヮｚレ⊥ハ∇ギ∠わ∠ャ
ゅ∠ヤ∠プ
⊥ょΒ͡イ∠わ∇ジ∠Α
ユ⊥ム∠ャ
«
(By He in Whose Hand is my soul! You will enj oin right eousness and forbid evil, or Allah will send a punishment upon you from Him; you will supplicat e t hen t o Him, but He will not answer your supplicat ion.)
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Ar-Riqad said, "I heard Hudhayfah saying, ` A person used t o ut t er one word during t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah and become a hypocrit e on account of it . I now hear such words from one of you four t imes in t he same sit t ing. Surely, you will enj oin good, forbid evil and encourage each ot her t o do good or Allah will surround you all wit h t orment , or make t he wicked among you become your leaders. The right eous among you will t hen supplicat e, but t heir supplicat ion will not be accept ed.''' sImam Ahmad recorded t hat An-Nu` man bin Bashir said t hat t he Prophet gave a speech in which he said, while point ing t o his ears wit h t wo of his fingers,
»
⊥モ∠ん∠ョ
͡ユ͡もゅ∠ボ∇ャや
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
ヱ⊥ギ⊥ェ
͡キ
͡ぶや
͡ノ͡ホや∠ヲ∇ャや∠ヱ
ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ
͡リ͡ワや∠ギ⊥ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ
ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ
͡モ∠ん∠ヨ∠ミ
∃ュ∇ヲ∠ホ
やヲ⊥ら͡ミ∠ケ
⇔る∠レΒ͡ヘ∠シ
∠ゆゅ∠タ∠ほ∠プ
∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ツ∇バ∠よ
ゅ∠ヰ∠ヤ∠ヘ∇シ∠ぺ
ゅ∠ワ∠ゲ∠ハ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱ
ゅ∠ワｚゲ∠セ∠ヱ
∠ゆゅ∠タ∠ぺ∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ツ∇バ∠よ
ゅ∠ワゅ∠ヤ∇ハ∠ぺ
∠ラゅ∠ム∠プ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
ヶ͡プ
ゅ∠ヰ͡ヤ∠ヘ∇シ∠ぺ
や∠ク͡ま
や⊥ヲ∠ボ∠わ∇シや
∠￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや
やヱぁゲ∠ョ
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
∇リ∠ョ
∠プ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ホヲ
∇ユ⊥ワ∇ヱ⊥クべ∠プ
やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボ∠プ
:
∇ヲ∠ャ
ゅ∠レ∇ホ∠ゲ∠カ
ヶ͡プ
ゅ∠レ͡らΒ͡ダ∠ル
ゅ⇔ホ∇ゲ∠カ
ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ボ∠わ∇シゅ∠プ
⊥ヮ∇レ͡ョ
∇ユ∠ャ∠ヱ
͡ク∇ぽ⊥ル
∇リ∠ョ
ゅ∠レ∠ホ∇ヲ∠プ
:
∇ラ͡み∠プ
∇ユ⊥ワヲ⊥ミ∠ゲ∠ゎ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ゲ∇ョ∠ぺ∠ヱ
やヲ⊥ム∠ヤ∠ワ
ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨ∠ィ
∇ラ͡ま∠ヱ
やヱ⊥グ∠カ∠ぺ
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇Α∠ぺ
や∇ヲ∠イ∠ル
ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨ∠ィ
«
(The parable of t he person abiding by Allah's order and rest rict ions in comparison t o t hose who violat e t hem, or sit idle while t hey are being violat ed, is t hat of t hose who drew lot s for t heir seat s in a boat . Some of t hem got seat s in t he lower part , which is t he most rough and worst part , and t he ot hers in t he upper. When t he former needed wat er, t hey had t o go up t o bring wat er and t hat t roubled t he ot hers, so t hey said, ` Let us make a hole in our share of t he ship and get wat er, saving t hose who are above us from t roubling t hem, so, if t he people in t he upper part let t he ot hers do what t hey suggest ed, all t he people of t he ship would be dest royed, but if t hey prevent ed t hem, bot h part ies would be safe.)
This was recorded by Al-Bukhari, but not Muslim, in t he Book of Part nerships and t he Book of Wit nesses. It was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi t hrough a different rout e of narrat ion.
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Umm Salamah, t he Prophet 's wife, said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,
»
や∠ク͡ま
͡れ∠ゲ∠ヰ∠ニ
ヶ͡タゅ∠バ∠ヨ∇ャや
ヶ͡プ
ヶ͡わｚョ⊥ぺ
⊥ユ⊥ヰｚヨ∠ハ
⊥ぶや
∃ゆや∠グ∠バ͡よ
∇リ͡ョ
ロ͡ギ∇レ͡ハ
«
(If sins become apparent in my Ummah, Allah will surround t hem wit h punishment from Him.) I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Will t hey have right eous people among t hem t hen' He said,
»
ヴ∠ヤ∠よ
«
(Yes.) I asked, ` What will happen t o t hem' He said,
»
∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥らΒ͡ダ⊥Α
ゅ∠ョ
∠ゆゅ∠タ∠ぺ
∠サゅｚレャや
ｚユ⊥を
∠ラヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ダ∠Α
ヴ∠ャ͡ま
∃り∠ゲ͡ヘ∇ピ∠ョ
∠リ͡ョ
͡ぶや
ラや∠ヲ∇ッ͡ケ∠ヱ
«
(They will be st riken as t he people, but t hey will end up wit h Allah's forgiveness and pleasure.)'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jarir said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
»
ゅ∠ョ
∇リ͡ョ
∃ュ∇ヲ∠ホ
⊥モ∠ヨ∇バ⊥Α
∇ユ͡ヰΒ͡プ
ヶ͡タゅ∠バ∠ヨ∇ャゅ͡よ
∇ユ⊥ワ
ぁゴ∠ハ∠ぺ
⊥ゲ∠ん∇ミ∠ぺ∠ヱ
∇リｚヨ͡ョ
∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α
ｚユ⊥を
∇ユ∠ャ
⊥ロヱ⊥ゲあΒ∠ピ⊥Α
ゅｚャ͡ま
⊥ユ⊥ヰｚヨ∠ハ
⊥ぶや
ゆゅ∠ボ͡バ͡よ
«
(Every people among whom sins are being commit t ed, while t hey are might ier and more numerous t han t hose who do wrong, yet t hey did not hing t o st op t hem, t hen Allah will surround t hem all wit h punishment .)
Ibn Maj ah collect ed t his Hadit h.
ぴ
∇やヱ⊥ゲ⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱ
∇ク͡ま
∇ユ⊥わル∠ぺ
∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ
∠ラヲ⊥ヘ∠バ∇ツ∠わ∇ジぁョ
ヴ͡プ
͡チ∇ケｘΙや
∠ラヲ⊥プゅ∠ガ∠ゎ
ラ∠ぺ
⊥ユ⊥ム∠ヘｚト∠ガ∠わ∠Α
⊥サゅｚレャや
∇ユ⊥ミや∠ヱべ∠プ
ユ⊥ミ∠ギｚΑ∠ぺ∠ヱ
͡ロ͡ゲ∇ダ∠レ͡よ
ユ⊥ム∠ホ∠コ∠ケ∠ヱ
∠リあョ
͡れゅ∠らあΒｚトャや
∇ユ⊥ムｚヤ∠バ∠ャ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⊥ム∇ゼ∠ゎ
び
(26. And remember when you were few and were reckoned weak in t he land, and were afraid t hat men might kidnap you, but He provided a safe place for you, st rengt hened you wit h His help, and provided you wit h good t hings (for livelihood) so t hat you might be grat eful.)
Reminding Muslims of Their previous State of Weakness and
Subjugation which changed into Might and Triumph
Allah, t he Exalt ed, reminds His believing servant s of His blessings and favors on t hem. They were few and He made t hem many, weak and fearful and He provided t hem wit h st rengt h and vict ory. They were meek and poor, and He grant ed t hem sust enance and livelihood. He ordered t hem t o be grat eful t o Him, and t hey obeyed Him and implement ed what He commanded. When t he believers were st ill in Makkah t hey were few, pract icing t heir religion in secret , oppressed, fearing t hat pagans, fire worshippers or Romans might kidnap t hem from t he various
part s of Allah's eart h, for t hey were all enemies of t he Muslims, especially since Muslims were few and weak. Lat er on, Allah permit t ed t he believers t o migrat e t o Al-Madinah, where He allowed t hem t o set t le in a safe resort . Allah made t he people of Al-Madinah t heir allies, giving t hem refuge and support during Badr and ot her bat t les. They helped t he Migrant s wit h t heir wealt h and gave up t heir lives in obedience of Allah and His Messenger . Qat adah bin Di` amah As-Sadusi comment ed,
ぴ
∇やヱ⊥ゲ⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱ
∇ク͡ま
∇ユ⊥わル∠ぺ
∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ
∠ラヲ⊥ヘ∠バ∇ツ∠わ∇ジぁョ
ヴ͡プ
͡チ∇ケｘΙや
び
(And remember when you were few and were reckoned weak in t he land,)
"Arabs were t he weakest of t he weak, had t he t oughest life, t he empt iest st omachs, t he barest skin and t he most obvious misguidance. Those who lived among t hem lived in misery; t hose who died went t o t he Fire. They were being eat en up, but unable t o eat up ot hers! By Allah! We do not know of a people on t he face of t he eart h at t hat t ime who had a worse life t han t hem. When Allah brought Islam, He made it dominant on t he eart h, t hus bringing provisions and leadership for t hem over t he necks of people. It is t hrough Islam t hat Allah grant ed all what you see, so t hank Him for His favors, for your Lord is One Who best ows favors and likes praise. Verily, t hose who t hank Allah enj oy even more bount ies from Him.''
ぴ
ゅ∠ヰぁΑ∠ほΑ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
∠Ι
∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ガ∠ゎ
∠ヮｚヤャや
∠メヲ⊥シｚゲャや∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ガ∠ゎ∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ム͡わ⇒∠レ⇒∠ョ∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥わル∠ぺ∠ヱ
∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ
-∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇ハや∠ヱ
べ∠ヨｚル∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥ム⊥ャ∠ヲ∇ョ∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥ミ⊥ギ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱ
∀る∠レ∇わ͡プ
ｚラ∠ぺ∠ヱ
ｚヤャや
∠ヮ
⊥ロ∠ギレ͡ハ
∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ
∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ
び
(27. O you who believe! Bet ray not Allah and His Messenger, nor bet ray knowingly your Amanat (t hings ent rust ed t o you)). (28. And know t hat your possessions and your children are but a t rial and t hat surely, wit h Allah is a might y reward.)
Reason behind revealing This Ayah, and the prohibition of Betrayal
The Two Sahihs ment ion t he st ory of Hat ib bin Abi Balt a` ah. In t he year of t he vict ory of Makkah he wrot e t o t he Quraysh alert ing t hem t hat t he Messenger of Allah int ended t o march t owards t hem. Allah informed His Messenger of t his, and he sent a Companion t o ret rieve t he let t er t hat Hat ib sent , and t hen he summoned him. He admit t ed t o what he did. ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab st ood up and said, "O Allah's Messenger! Should I cut off his head, for he has bet rayed Allah, His Messenger and t he believers'' The Prophet said,
»
⊥ヮ∇ハ∠キ
⊥ヮｚル͡み∠プ
∇ギ∠ホ
∠ギ͡ヰ∠セ
∩や⇔ケ∇ギ∠よ
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠マΑ͡ケ∇ギ⊥Α
ｚモ∠バ∠ャ
∠ぶや
∠ノ∠ヤｚデや
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
͡モ∇ワ∠ぺ
∃ケ∇ギ∠よ
∠メゅ∠ボ∠プ
:
やヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇ハや
ゅ∠ョ
∇ユ⊥わ∇ゃ͡セ
∇ギ∠ボ∠プ
⊥れ∇ゲ∠ヘ∠ビ
ユ⊥ム∠ャ
«
(Leave him! He part icipat ed in Badr. How do you know t hat Allah has not looked at t hose who part icipat ed in Badr and said, Do what ever you want , for I have forgiven you.)
However, it appears t hat t his Ayah is more general, even if it was revealed about a specific incident . Such rulings are dealt wit h by t heir indicat ions, not t he specific reasons behind revealing t hem, according t o t he maj orit y of scholars.
Bet rayal includes bot h minor and maj or sins, as well t hose t hat affect ot hers. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,
ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ガ∠ゎ∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ム͡わ⇒∠レ⇒∠ョ∠ぺ
び
(nor bet ray your Amanat ) "The Amanah refers t o t he act ions t hat Allah has ent rust ed t he servant s wit h, such as and including what He ordained. Therefore, Allah says here,
ぴ
∠Ι
∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ガ∠ゎ
び
(nor bet ray...), ` do not abandon t he obligat ions.''' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd comment ed, "Allah forbade you from bet raying Him and His Messenger, as hypocrit es do.''
Allah said,
ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇ハや∠ヱ
べ∠ヨｚル∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥ム⊥ャ∠ヲ∇ョ∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥ミ⊥ギ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱ
∀る∠レ∇わ͡プ
び
(And know t hat your possessions and your children are but a t rial.) from Him t o you. He grant s t hese t o you so t hat He knows which of you will be grat eful and obedient t o Him, or become busy wit h and dedicat ed t o t hem inst ead of Him. Allah said in anot her Ayah,
ぴ
べ∠ヨｚル͡ま
∇ユ⊥ム⊥ャ∠ヲ∇ョ∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥ミ⊥ギ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱ
∀る∠レ∇わ͡プ
⊥ヮｚヤャや∠ヱ
⊥ロ∠ギ∇レ͡ハ
∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ
∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ
び
(Your wealt h and your children are only a t rial, whereas Allah! Wit h Him is a great reward.) 64:15 ,
ぴ
ユ⊥ミヲ⊥ヤ∇ら∠ル∠ヱ
あゲｚゼャゅ͡よ
͡ゲ∇Β∠ガ∇ャや∠ヱ
⇔る∠レ∇わ͡プ
び
(And We shall make a t rial of you wit h evil and wit h good.) 21:35 ,
ぴ
ゅ∠ヰぁΑ∠ほΑ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
∠Ι
∇ユ⊥ム͡ヰ∇ヤ⊥ゎ
∇ユ⊥ム⊥ャ∠ヲ∇ョ∠ぺ
∠Ι∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ミ⊥ギ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ
リ∠ハ
͡ゲ∇ミ͡ク
͡ヮｚヤャや
リ∠ョ∠ヱ
∇モ∠バ∇ヘ∠Α
∠マ͡ャ∠ク
∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ほ∠プ
⊥ユ⊥ワ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ジ⇒∠ガ∇ャや
び
(O you who believe! Let not your propert ies or your children divert you from t he remembrance of Allah. And whosoever does t hat , t hen t hey are t he losers.) 63:9 , and,
ぴ
ゅ∠ヰぁΑ∠ほΑ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
ｚラ͡ま
∇リ͡ョ
∇ユ⊥ム͡ィ∠ヱ∇コ∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥ミ͡ギ⇒ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱ
⇔や∂ヱ⊥ギ∠ハ
∇ユ⊥ムｚャ
∇ユ⊥ワヱ⊥ケ∠グ∇ェゅ∠プ
び
(O you who believe! Verily, among your wives and your children t here are enemies for you (who may st op you from t he obedience of Allah); t herefore beware of t hem!) 64:14 Allah said next ,
ぴ
ｚラ∠ぺ∠ヱ
∠ヮｚヤャや
⊥ロ∠ギレ͡ハ
∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ
∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ
び
(And t hat surely wit h Allah is a might y reward.) Therefore, Allah's reward, favor and Paradise are bet t er for you t han wealt h and children. Cert ainly, among t he wealt h and children t here might be enemies for you and much of t hem avail not hing. Wit h Allah alone is t he decision and sovereignt y in t his life and t he Hereaft er, and He gives t remendous rewards on t he Day of Resurrect ion. In t he Sahih, t here is a Hadit h in which t he Messenger of Allah said,
»
∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を
∇リ∠ョ
ｚリ⊥ミ
∩͡ヮΒ͡プ
∠ギ∠ィ∠ヱ
ｚリ͡ヰ͡よ
∠り∠ヱゅ∠ヤ∠ェ
͡ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャや
:
∇リ∠ョ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
⊥ぶや
⊥ヮ⊥ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ
ｚょ∠ェ∠ぺ
͡ヮ∇Β∠ャ͡ま
ゅｚヨ͡ョ
∠ヲ͡シ
∩ゅ∠ヨ⊥ワや
∇リ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
ぁょ͡エ⊥Α
∠￢∇ゲ∠ヨ∇ャや
ゅ∠ャ
⊥ヮぁら͡エ⊥Α
ゅｚャ͡ま
∩͡ぶ
∇リ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
∇ラ∠ぺ
ヴ∠ボ∇ヤ⊥Α
ヶ͡プ
͡ケゅｚレャや
ｚょ∠ェ∠ぺ
͡ヮ∇Β∠ャ͡ま
∇リ͡ョ
∇ラ∠ぺ
∠ノ͡ィ∇ゲ∠Α
ヴ∠ャ͡ま
͡ゲ∇ヘ⊥ム∇ャや
∠ギ∇バ∠よ
∇ク͡ま
⊥ロ∠グ∠ボ∇ル∠ぺ
⊥ぶや
ヮ∇レ͡ョ
«
(There are t hree qualit ies for which whomever has t hem, he will have t ast ed t he sweet ness of fait h. (They are:) whoever Allah and His Messenger are dearer t o him t han anyone else, whoever loves a person for Allah's sake alone, and whoever prefers t o be t hrown in fire rat her t han revert t o disbelief, aft er Allah has saved him from it .)
Therefore, loving t he Messenger of Allah comes before loving children, wealt h and oneself. In t he Sahih, it is confirmed t hat he said,
»
ヵ͡グｚャや∠ヱ
ヶ͡ジ∇ヘ∠ル
͡ロ͡ギ∠Β͡よ
ゅ∠ャ
⊥リ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥Α
∇ユ⊥ミ⊥ギ∠ェ∠ぺ
ヴｚわ∠ェ
∠ラヲ⊥ミ∠ぺ
ｚょ∠ェ∠ぺ
͡ヮ∇Β∠ャ͡ま
∇リ͡ョ
͡ヮ͡ジ∇ヘ∠ル
∠ヱ
͡ヮ͡ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ
͡ヮ͡ャゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
͡サゅｚレャや∠ヱ
リΒ͡バ∠ヨ∇ィ∠ぺ
«
(By He in Whose Hand is my soul! None of you will have fait h unless I become dearer t o him t han himself, his family, his wealt h and all people.)
ぴ
ゅ∠ヰぁΑ∠ほ⇒͡Α
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
ラ∠ま
∇やヲ⊥ボｚわ∠ゎ
∠ヮｚヤャや
モ∠バ∇イ∠Α
ｚャ
∇ユ⊥ム
ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ホ∇ゲ⊥プ
∇ゲあヘ∠ム⊥Α∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ムレ∠ハ
∇ユ⊥ム͡ゎゅ∠ゃあΒ∠シ
∇ゲ͡ヘ∇ピ∠Α∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ム∠ャ
⊥ヮｚヤャや∠ヱ
ヱ⊥ク
͡モ∇ツ∠ヘ∇ャや
͡ユΒ͡ヌ∠バ∇ャや
び
(29. O you who believe! If you obey and fear Allah, He will grant you Furqan, and will expiat e for you your sins, and forgive you; and Allah is t he Owner of t he great bount y.)
Ibn ` Abbas, As-Suddi, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, Muqat il bin Hayyan and several ot hers said t hat ,
ぴ
ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ホ∇ゲ⊥プ
び
(Furqan), means, ` a way out '; Muj ahid added, "In t his life and t he Hereaft er.'' In anot her narrat ion, Ibn ` Abbas is report ed t o have said, ` Furqan' means ` salvat ion' or -- according t o anot her narrat ion -- ` aid'. Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat ` Furqan' means ` crit erion bet ween t rut h and falsehood'. This last explanat ion from Ibn Ishaq is more general t han t he rest t hat we ment ioned, and it also includes t he ot her meanings. Cert ainly, t hose who have Taqwa of Allah by obeying what He ordained and abst aining from what he forbade, will be guided t o
different iat e bet ween t he t rut h and t he falsehood. This will be a t riumph, safet y and a way out for t hem from t he affairs of t his life, all t he while acquiring happiness in t he Hereaft er. They will also gain forgiveness, t hus having t heir sins erased, and pardon, t hus having t heir sins covered from ot her people, as well as, being direct ed t o a way t o gain Allah's t remendous rewards,
ぴ
ゅ∠ヰぁΑ∠ほΑ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
∇やヲ⊥ボｚゎや
∠ヮｚヤャや
∇やヲ⊥レ͡ョや∠￢∠ヱ
͡ヮ͡ャヲ⊥シ∠ゲ͡よ
∇ユ⊥ム͡ゎ∇ぽ⊥Α
͡リ∇Β∠ヤ∇ヘ͡ミ
リ͡ョ
͡ヮ͡わ∠ヨ∇ェｚケ
モ∠バ∇イ∠Α∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ムｚャ
⇔やケヲ⊥ル
∠ラヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨ∠ゎ
͡ヮ͡よ
∇ゲ͡ヘ∇ピ∠Α∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ム∠ャ
⊥ヮｚヤャや∠ヱ
∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ
∀ユΒ͡ェｚケ
び
(O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah, and believe in His Messenger, He will give you a double port ion of His mercy, and He will give you a light by which you shall walk (st raight ). And He will forgive you. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) 57:28 .
ぴ
∇ク͡ま∠ヱ
⊥ゲ⊥ム∇ヨ∠Α
∠マ͡よ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ヘ∠ミ
∠ポヲ⊥わ͡ら∇ん⊥Β͡ャ
∇ヱ∠ぺ
∠ポヲ⊥ヤ⊥わ∇ボ∠Α
∇ヱ∠ぺ
∠ポヲ⊥ィ͡ゲ∇ガ⊥Α
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⊥ム∇ヨ∠Α∠ヱ
⊥ゲ⊥ム∇ヨ∠Α∠ヱ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
⊥ヮｚヤャや∠ヱ
⊥ゲ∇Β∠カ
∠リΑ͡ゲ͡ム⇒∠ヨ∇ャや
び
(30. And (remember) when t he disbelievers plot t ed against you t o imprison you, or t o kill you, or t o expel you (from your home, Makkah); t hey were plot t ing and Allah t oo was plot t ing; and Allah is t he best of plot t ers.)
The Makkans plot to kill the Prophet , imprison Him or expel Him
from Makkah
Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Qat adah said,
ぴ
∠ポヲ⊥わ͡ら∇ん⊥Β͡ャ
び
(Liyut hbit uka) means "t o imprison you.'' As-Suddi said, "It hbat is t o confine or t o shackle.'' Imam Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar, t he aut hor of Al-Maghazi, report ed from ` Abdullah bin Abi Naj ih, from Muj ahid, from Ibn ` Abbas, "Some of t he chiefs of t he various t ribes of Quraysh gat hered in Dar An-Nadwah (t heir conference area) and Iblis (Shayt an) met t hem in t he shape of an eminent old man. When t hey saw him, t hey asked, ` Who are you' He said, ` An old man from Naj d. I heard t hat you are having a meet ing, and I wished t o at t end your meet ing. You will benefit from my opinion and advice.' They said, ` Agreed, come in.' He ent ered wit h t hem.
Iblis said, ` You have t o t hink about t his man (Muhammad)! By Allah, he will soon overwhelm you wit h his mat t er (religion).' One of t hem said, ` Imprison him, rest rained in chains, unt il he dies j ust like t he poet s before him all died, such as Zuhayr and An-Nabighah! Verily, he is a poet like t hey were.' The old man from Naj d, t he enemy of Allah, comment ed, ` By Allah! This is not a good idea. His Lord will release him from his prison t o his companions, who will liberat e him from your hands. They will prot ect him from you and t hey might expel you from your land.' They said, ` This old man said t he t rut h. Therefore, seek an opinion ot her t han t his one.'
Anot her one of t hem said, ` Expel him from your land, so t hat you are free from his t rouble! If he leaves your land, you will not be bot hered by what he does or where he goes, as long as he is not among you t o bring you t roubles, he will be wit h someone else.' The old man from Naj d replied, ` By Allah! This is not a good opinion. Have you forgot t en his sweet t alk and eloquency, as well as, how his speech capt ures t he heart s By Allah! This way, he will collect even more followers among Arabs, who will gat her against you and at t ack you in your own land, expel you and kill your chiefs.' They said, ` He has said t he t rut h, by Allah! Therefore, seek an opinion ot her t han t his one.' hAbu Jahl, may Allah curse him, spoke next , ` By Allah! I have an idea t hat no one else has suggest ed yet , and I see no bet t er opinion for you. Choose a st rong, socially elevat ed young man from each t ribe, and give each one of t hem a sharp sword. Then t hey would all st rike Muhammad at t he same t ime wit h t heir swords and kill him. Hence, his blood would be shed by all t ribes. This way, his t ribe, Banu Hashim, would realize t hat t hey cannot wage war against all of t he Quraysh t ribes and would be forced t o agree t o accept t he blood money; we would have brought comfort t o ourselves and st opped him from bot hering us.' The old man from Naj d comment ed, ` By Allah! This man has expressed t he best opinion, and I do not support any ot her opinion.' They quickly ended t heir meet ing and st art ed preparing for t he implement at ion of t his plan.
Jibril came t o t he Prophet and commanded him not t o sleep in his bed t hat night and conveyed t o him t he news of t heir plot . The Messenger of Allah did not sleep in his house t hat night , and Allah gave him permission t o migrat e. Aft er t he Messenger migrat ed t o Al-Madinah, Allah revealed t o him Suat Al-Anfal reminding him of His favors and t he bount ies He gave him,
ぴ
∇ク͡ま∠ヱ
⊥ゲ⊥ム∇ヨ∠Α
∠マ͡よ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ヘ∠ミ
∠ポヲ⊥わ͡ら∇ん⊥Β͡ャ
∇ヱ∠ぺ
∠ポヲ⊥ヤ⊥わ∇ボ∠Α
∇ヱ∠ぺ
∠ポヲ⊥ィ͡ゲ∇ガ⊥Α
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⊥ム∇ヨ∠Α∠ヱ
⊥ゲ⊥ム∇ヨ∠Α∠ヱ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
⊥ヮｚヤャや∠ヱ
⊥ゲ∇Β∠カ
∠リΑ͡ゲ͡ム⇒∠ヨ∇ャや
び
(And (remember) when t he disbelievers plot t ed against you t o imprison you, or t o kill you, or t o expel you (from Makkah); t hey were plot t ing and Allah t oo was plot t ing; and Allah is t he best of plot t ers.)
Allah replied t o t he pagans' st at ement t hat t hey should await t he deat h of t he Prophet , j ust as t he poet s before him perished, as t hey claimed,
ぴ
∇ュ∠ぺ
∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボ∠Α
∀ゲ͡ハゅ∠セ
⊥ゾｚよ∠ゲ∠わｚル
͡ヮ͡よ
∠ょ∇Α∠ケ
͡ラヲ⊥レ∠ヨ∇ャや
び
(Or do t hey say: "He is a poet ! We await for him some calamit y by t ime!'') 52:30 As-Suddi narrat ed a similar st ory.
Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed from Muhammad bin Ja` far bin Zubayr, from ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr who comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,
ぴ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⊥ム∇ヨ∠Α∠ヱ
⊥ゲ⊥ム∇ヨ∠Α∠ヱ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
⊥ヮｚヤャや∠ヱ
⊥ゲ∇Β∠カ
͡ム⇒∠ヨ∇ャや
∠リΑ͡ゲ
び
(...t hey were plot t ing and Allah t oo was plot t ing, and Allah is t he best of plot t ers.) "I (Allah) plot t ed against t hem wit h My sure planning, and I saved you (O Muhammad) from t hem.''
ぴ
や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ
ヴ∠ヤ∇わ⊥ゎ
∇ユ͡ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
ゅ∠レ⊥わ⇒∠Αや∠￢
∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ
∇ギ∠ホ
ゅ∠レ∇バ͡ヨ∠シ
∇ヲ∠ャ
⊥￢べ∠ゼ∠ル
ゅ∠レ∇ヤ⊥ボ∠ャ
∠モ∇ん͡ョ
へ∠グ⇒∠ワ
∇ラ͡ま
へ∠グ⇒∠ワ
ｚΙ͡ま
⊥ゲΒ͡ト⇒∠シ∠ぺ
∠リΒ͡ャｚヱ∠Εや
-∇ク͡ま∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ
ｚユ⊥ヰｚヤャや
ラ͡ま
∠ラゅ∠ミ
や∠グ⇒∠ワ
∠ヲ⊥ワ
ｚペ∠エ∇ャや
∇リ͡ョ
∠ポ͡ギレ͡ハ
∇ゲ͡ト∇ョ∠ほ∠プ
ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
⇔り∠ケゅ∠イ͡ェ
∠リあョ
͡￢べ∠ヨｚジャや
͡ヱ∠ぺ
ゅ∠レ͡わ∇もや
∃ゆや∠グ∠バ͡よ
∃ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ
-ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠よあグ∠バ⊥Β͡ャ
∠ろル∠ぺ∠ヱ
∇ユ͡ヰΒ͡プ
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠よあグ∠バ⊥ョ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ヱ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ヘ∇ピ∠わ∇ジ∠Α
び
(31. And when Our Ayat are recit ed t o t hem, t hey say: "We have heard (t he Qur'an); if we wish we can say t he like of t his. This is not hing but t he t ales of t he ancient s.'') (32. And (remember) when t hey said: "O Allah! If t his (t he Qur'an) is indeed t he t rut h (revealed) from You, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky or bring on us a painful t orment .'') (33. And Allah would not punish t hem while you (Muhammad ) are among t hem, nor will He punish t hem while t hey seek (Allah's) forgiveness.)
The Quraysh claimed They can produce Something similar to the
Qur'an
Allah describes t he disbelief, t ransgression, rebellion, as well as misguided st at ement s t hat t he pagans of Quraysh used t o ut t er when t hey heard Allah's Ayat being recit ed t o t hem,
ぴ
∇ギ∠ホ
ゅ∠レ∇バ͡ヨ∠シ
∇ヲ∠ャ
⊥￢べ∠ゼ∠ル
ゅ∠レ∇ヤ⊥ボ∠ャ
∠モ∇ん͡ョ
へ∠グ⇒∠ワ
び
They boast ed wit h t heir words, but not wit h t heir act ions. They were challenged several t imes t o bring even one chapt er like t he Qur'an, and t hey had no way t o meet t his challenge. They only boast ed in order t o deceive t hemselves and t hose who followed t heir falsehood. It was said t hat An-Nadr bin Al-Harit h, may Allah curse him, was t he one who said t his, according t o Sa` id bin Jubayr, As-Suddi, Ibn Jurayj and ot hers. An-Nadr visit ed Persia and learned t he st ories of some Persian kings, such as Rust um and Isphandiyar. When he went back t o Makkah, He found t hat t he Prophet was sent from Allah and recit ing t he Qur'an t o t he people. Whenever t he Prophet would leave an audience in which An-Nadr was sit t ing, An-Nadr began narrat ing t o t hem t he st ories t hat he learned in Persia, proclaiming aft erwards, "Who, by Allah, has bet t er t ales t o narrat e, I or Muhammad'' When Allah allowed t he Muslims t o capt ure An-Nadr in Badr, t he Messenger of Allah commanded t hat his head be cut off before him, and t hat was done, all t hanks are due t o Allah. The meaning of,
ぴ
⊥ゲΒ͡ト⇒∠シ∠ぺ
ｘΙや
∠リΒ͡ャｚヱ
び
(. ..t ales of t he ancient s) meaning t hat t he Prophet has plagiarized and learned books of ancient people, and t his is what he narrat ed t o people, as t hey claimed. This is t he pure falsehood t hat Allah ment ioned in anot her Ayah,
ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ∠ヱ
∠ぺ
⊥ゲΒ͡ト⇒∠シ
∠リΒ͡ャｚヱｘΙや
ゅ∠ヰ∠ら∠わ∠わ∇ミや
∠ヴ͡ヰ∠プ
ヴ∠ヤ∇ヨ⊥ゎ
͡ヮ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
⇔り∠ゲ∇ム⊥よ
⇔ΚΒ͡タ∠ぺ∠ヱ
-∇モ⊥ホ
⊥ヮ∠ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ
ン͡グｚャや
⊥ユ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α
ｚゲあジャや
ヴ͡プ
͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや
͡チ∇ケｘΙや∠ヱ
⊥ヮｚル͡ま
∠ラゅ∠ミ
⇔やケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ
⇔ゅヨΒ͡ェｚケ
び
(And t hey say: "Tales of t he ancient s, which he has writ t en down:, and t hey are dict at ed t o him morning and aft ernoon.'' Say: "It (t his Qur'an) has been sent down by Him (Allah) Who knows t he secret of t he heavens and t he eart h. Truly, He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') 25:5-6 for t hose who repent and ret urn t o Him, He accept s repent ance from t hem and forgives t hem.
The Idolators ask for Allah's Judgment and Torment!
Allah said,
ぴ
∇ク͡ま∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ
ｚユ⊥ヰｚヤャや
ラ͡ま
∠ラゅ∠ミ
や∠グ⇒∠ワ
∠ヲ⊥ワ
ｚペ∠エ∇ャや
∇リ͡ョ
∠ポ͡ギレ͡ハ
∇ゲ͡ト∇ョ∠ほ∠プ
ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
⇔り∠ケゅ∠イ͡ェ
∠リあョ
͡￢べ∠ヨｚジャや
͡ヱ∠ぺ
ゅ∠レ͡わ∇もや
∠バ͡よ
∃ゆや∠グ
∃ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ
び
(And (remember) when t hey said: "O Allah! If t his (t he Qur'an) is indeed t he t rut h (revealed) from You, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky or bring on us a painful t orment .'')
This is indicat ive of t he pagans' enormous ignorance, denial, st ubbornness and t ransgression. They should have said, "O Allah! If t his is t he t rut h from You, t hen guide us t o it and help us follow it .'' However, t hey brought Allah's j udgment on t hemselves and asked for His punishment . Allah said in ot her Ayat ,
ぴ
∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ͡イ∇バ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱ
͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャゅ͡よ
∠Ι∇ヲ∠ャ∠ヱ
∀モ∠ィ∠ぺ
ヴ６ヨ∠ジぁョ
⊥ユ⊥ワ∠￢べ∠イｚャ
⊥ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや
∇ユ⊥ヰｚレ∠Β͡ゎ∇ほ∠Β∠ャ∠ヱ
⇔る∠わ∇ピ∠よ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ヱ
∠Ι
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⊥バ∇ゼ∠Α
び
(And t hey ask you t o hast en on t he t orment (for t hem), and had it not been for a t erm appoint ed, t he t orment would cert ainly have come t o t hem. And surely, it will come upon t hem suddenly while t hey perceive not !) 29:53 ,
ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ∠ヱ
ゅ∠レｚよ∠ケ
モあイ∠ハ
ゅ∠レｚャ
ゅ∠レｚト͡ホ
∠モ∇ら∠ホ
͡ュ∇ヲ∠Α
͡ゆゅ∠ジ͡エ∇ャや
び
(They say: "Our Lord! Hast en t o us Qit t ana (our record of good and bad deeds so t hat we may see it ) before t he Day of Reckoning!'') 38:16 , and,
ぴ
∠メ∠ほ∠シ
∀モ͡もべ∠シ
∃ゆや∠グ∠バ͡よ
∃ノ͡ホや∠ヱ
-∠リΑ͡ゲ͡ヘ⇒∠ム∇ヤあャ
∠ザ∇Β∠ャ
⊥ヮ∠ャ
∀ノ͡プや∠キ
-∠リあョ
͡ヮｚヤャや
ヵ͡ク
͡ァ͡ケゅ∠バ∠ヨ∇ャや
び
(A quest ioner asked concerning a t orment about t o befall. Upon t he disbelievers, which none can avert . From Allah, t he Lord of t he ways of ascent .) 70:1-3
The ignorant ones in ancient t imes said similar t hings. The people of Shu` ayb said t o him,
ぴ
∇テ͡ボ∇シ∠ほ∠プ
ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
⇔ゅヘ∠ジ͡ミ
∠リあョ
͡￢べ∠ヨｚジャや
ラ͡ま
∠ろレ⊥ミ
∠リ͡ョ
∠リΒ͡ホ͡ギ⇒ｚダャや
び
("So cause a piece of t he heaven t o fall on us, if you are of t he t rut hful!'') 26:187 while t he pagans of Quraysh said,
ぴ
ｚユ⊥ヰｚヤャや
ラ͡ま
∠ラゅ∠ミ
や∠グ⇒∠ワ
∠ヲ⊥ワ
ｚペ∠エ∇ャや
∇リ͡ョ
∠ポ͡ギレ͡ハ
∇ゲ͡ト∇ョ∠ほ∠プ
ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
⇔り∠ケゅ∠イ͡ェ
∠リあョ
͡￢べ∠ヨｚジャや
͡ヱ∠ぺ
ゅ∠レ͡わ∇もや
∃ゆや∠グ∠バ͡よ
∃ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ
び
("O Allah! If t his (t he Qur'an) is indeed t he t rut h (revealed) from You, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky or bring on us a painful t orment .'')
Shu` bah said from ` Abdul-Hamid t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat it was Abu Jahl bin Hisham who ut t ered t his st at ement ,
ぴ
ｚユ⊥ヰｚヤャや
ラ͡ま
∠ラゅ∠ミ
や∠グ⇒∠ワ
∠ヲ⊥ワ
ｚペ∠エ∇ャや
∇リ͡ョ
∠ポ͡ギレ͡ハ
∇ゲ͡ト∇ョ∠ほ∠プ
ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
⇔り∠ケゅ∠イ͡ェ
∠リあョ
͡￢べ∠ヨｚジャや
͡ヱ∠ぺ
ゅ∠レ͡わ∇もや
∃ゆや∠グ∠バ͡よ
∃ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ
び
("O Allah! If t his (t he Qur'an) is indeed t he t rut h (revealed) from You, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky or bring on us a painful t orment .'')
So Allah revealed t his Ayah,
ぴ
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠よあグ∠バ⊥Β͡ャ
∠ろル∠ぺ∠ヱ
∇ユ͡ヰΒ͡プ
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠よあグ∠バ⊥ョ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ヱ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ヘ∇ピ∠わ∇ジ∠Α
び
(And Allah would not punish t hem while you are among t hem, nor will He punish t hem while t hey seek (Allah's) forgiveness.)
Al-Bukhari recorded it .
The Presence of the Prophet , and the Idolators' asking For
forgiveness, were the Shelters against receiving Allah's immediate
Torment
Allah said,ぴ
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
͡ャ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠よあグ∠バ⊥Β
∠ろル∠ぺ∠ヱ
∇ユ͡ヰΒ͡プ
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠よあグ∠バ⊥ョ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ヱ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ヘ∇ピ∠わ∇ジ∠Α
び
(And Allah would not punish t hem while you are among t hem, nor will He punish t hem while t hey seek (Allah's) forgiveness.)
Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Pagans used t o go around t he House in Tawaf and proclaim, ` We rush t o Your obedience, O Allah, t here is no part ner wit h You,' and t he Prophet would t ell t hem,
»
∩∃ギ∠ホ
ギ∠ホ
«
(Enough, enough.) But t hey would go on, ` We rush t o Your obedience, O Allah, t here is no part ner wit h You except a part ner who is wit h You, You own Him but he does not own! They also used t o say, ` O Allah, Your forgiveness, Your forgiveness.' Allah revealed t his verse;
ぴ
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠よあグ∠バ⊥Β͡ャ
∠ろル∠ぺ∠ヱ
∇ユ͡ヰΒ͡プ
び
(And Allah would not punish t hem while you are among t hem...)'''
Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "They had t wo safet y shelt ers: t he Prophet , and t heir seeking forgiveness (from Allah). The Prophet went away, and only seeking forgiveness remained.'' At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Abu Musa said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
»
∠メ∠ゴ∇ル∠ぺ
⊥ぶや
ｚヶ∠ヤ∠ハ
͡リ∇Β∠ルゅ∠ョ∠ぺ
ヶ͡わｚョ⊥ほ͡ャ
«
("Allah sent down t o me t wo safe shelt ers for t he benefit of my Ummah)
ぴ
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠よあグ∠バ⊥Β͡ャ
∠ろル∠ぺ∠ヱ
∇ユ͡ヰΒ͡プ
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
⊥ヰ∠よあグ∠バ⊥ョ
∇ユ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ヱ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ヘ∇ピ∠わ∇ジ∠Α
び
(And Allah would not punish t hem while you are among t hem, nor will He punish t hem while t hey seek (Allah's) forgiveness.)
»
や∠ク͡み∠プ
⊥ろ∇Β∠ツ∠ョ
⊥ろ∇ミ∠ゲ∠ゎ
⊥ユ͡ヰΒ͡プ
∠ケゅ∠ヘ∇ピ͡わ∇シゅ∇ャや
ヴ∠ャ͡ま
͡ュヲ∠Α
る∠ョゅ∠Β͡ボ∇ャや
«
(When I die, I will leave t he seeking of forgiveness wit h t hem, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.) What t est ifies t o t his Hadit h, is t he Hadit h t hat Ahmad recorded in his Musnad and Al-Hakim in his Must adrak, t hat Abu Sa` id narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
»
ｚラ͡ま
∠ト∇Βｚゼャや
∠ラゅ
∠メゅ∠ホ
:
∠マ͡ゎｚゴ͡ハ∠ヱ
ゅ∠Α
あゆ∠ケ
ゅ∠ャ
⊥ゥ∠ゲ∇よ∠ぺ
ヵ͡ヲ∇ビ∠ぺ
∠ポ∠キゅ∠ら͡ハ
ゅ∠ョ
∇ろ∠ョや∠キ
∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ェや∠ヱ∇ケ∠ぺ
ヶ͡プ
∇ユ͡ワ͡キゅ∠ジ∇ィ∠ぺ
.
∠メゅ∠ボ∠プ
ぁゆｚゲャや
:
ヶ͡ゎｚゴ͡ハ∠ヱ
ヶ͡ャゅ∠ヤ∠ィ∠ヱ
ゅ∠ャ
⊥メや∠コ∠ぺ
⊥ゲ͡ヘ∇ビ∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ
ゅ∠ョ
ヶ͡ルヱ⊥ゲ∠ヘ∇ピ∠わ∇シや
«
(Shayt an said, ` By Your might , O Lord! I will go on luring Your servant s as long as t heir souls are st ill in t heir bodies.' The Lord said, ` By My might and maj est y! I will keep forgiving t hem, as long as t hey keep invoking Me for forgiveness.')
Al-Hakim, "It s chain is Sahih and t hey did not record it .''
ぴ
∠ョ∠ヱ
ゅ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ
ｚΙ∠ぺ
⊥ユ⊥ヰ∠よあグ∠バ⊥Α
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ヱ
∠ラヱぁギ⊥ダ∠Α
͡リ∠ハ
͡ギ͡イ∇ジ∠ヨ∇ャや
͡ュや∠ゲ∠エ∇ャや
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ
⊥ロ∠￢べ∠Β͡ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ
∇ラ͡ま
⊥ロ⊥ぼべ∠Β͡ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ
ｚΙ͡ま
∠ラヲ⊥ボｚわ⊥ヨ∇ャや
ｚリ͡ム⇒∠ャ∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ゲ∠ん∇ミ∠ぺ
∠Ι
∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α
-ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ゎ∠Κ∠タ
∠ギレ͡ハ
͡ろ∇Β∠ら∇ャや
ｚΙ͡ま
⇔￢べ∠ム⊥ョ
∇ダ∠ゎ∠ヱ
⇔る∠Α͡ギ
∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グ∠プ
∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや
ゅ∠ヨ͡よ
∇ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⊥ヘ∇ム∠ゎ
び
(34. And why should not Allah punish t hem while t hey hinder (men) from Al-Masj id Al-Haram, and t hey are not it s guardians None can be it s guardians except t hose who have Taqwa, but most of t hem know not .) (35. Their Salah at t he House was not hing but Muka' and Tasdiyah. Therefore t ast e t he punishment because you used t o disbelieve.)
The Idolators deserved Allah's Torment after Their Atrocities
Allah st at es t hat t he idolat ors deserved t he t orment , but He did not t orment t hem in honor of t he Prophet residing among t hem. Aft er Allah allowed t he Prophet t o migrat e away from t hem, He sent His t orment upon t hem on t he day of Badr. During t hat bat t le, t he chief pagans were killed, or capt ured. Allah also direct ed t hem t o seek forgiveness for t he sins, Shirk and wickedness t hey indulged in. If it was not for t he fact t hat t here were some weak Muslims living among t he Makkan pagans, t hose Muslims who invoked Allah for His forgiveness, Allah would have sent down t o t hem t he t orment t hat could never be avert ed. Allah did not do t hat on account of t he weak, ill-t reat ed, and oppressed believers living among t hem, as He reit erat ed about t he day at Al-Hudaybiyyah,
ぴ
⊥ユ⊥ワ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ヘ∠ミ
∇ユ⊥ミヱぁギ∠タ∠ヱ
͡リ∠ハ
∇ジ∠ヨ∇ャや
͡ギ͡イ
͡ュや∠ゲ∠エ∇ャや
∠ン∇ギ∠ヰ∇ャや∠ヱ
⇔ゅプヲ⊥ム∇バ∠ョ
ラ∠ぺ
∠ヒ⊥ヤ∇ら∠Α
⊥ヮｚヤ͡エ∠ョ
∠Ι∇ヲ∠ャ∠ヱ
∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ
∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽぁョ
∀￢べ∠ジ͡ル∠ヱ
∀ろ⇒∠レ͡ョ∇ぽぁョ
∇ユｚャ
∇ユ⊥ワヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ
ラ∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥ワヲ⊥ゃ∠ト∠ゎ
∇ユム∠らΒ͡ダ⊥わ∠プ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レあョ
∀りｚゲ∠バｚョ
͡ゲ∇Β∠ピ͡よ
∃ユ∇ヤ͡ハ
∠モ͡カ∇ギ⊥Βあャ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
ヴ͡プ
͡ヮ͡わ∠ヨ∇ェ∠ケ
リ∠ョ
⊥￢べ∠ゼ∠Α
∇ヲ∠ャ
∠ゎ
∇やヲ⊥ヤｚΑ∠ゴ
ゅ∠レ∇よｚグ∠バ∠ャ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ヘ∠ミ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レ͡ョ
⇔ゅよや∠グ∠ハ
⇔ゅヨΒ͡ャ∠ぺ
び
(They are t he ones who disbelieved and hindered you from Al-Masj id Al-Haram (at Makkah) and det ained t he sacrificial animals from reaching t heir place of sacrifice. Had t here not been believing men and believing women whom you did not know, t hat you may kill t hem and on whose account a sin would have been commit t ed by you wit hout (your) knowledge, t hat Allah might bring int o His mercy whom He wills if t hey (t he believers and t he disbelievers) had been apart , We verily, would have punished t hose of t hem who disbelieved wit h painful t orment .)
48:25
Allah said here,
ぴ
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ
ｚΙ∠ぺ
⊥ユ⊥ヰ∠よあグ∠バ⊥Α
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ヱ
∠ラヱぁギ⊥ダ∠Α
͡リ∠ハ
͡ギ͡イ∇ジ∠ヨ∇ャや
͡ュや∠ゲ∠エ∇ャや
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ
⊥ロ∠￢べ∠Β͡ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ
͡ま
∇ラ
⊥ロ⊥ぼべ∠Β͡ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ
ｚΙ͡ま
∠ラヲ⊥ボｚわ⊥ヨ∇ャや
ｚリ͡ム⇒∠ャ∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ゲ∠ん∇ミ∠ぺ
∠Ι
∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α
び
(And why should not Allah punish t hem while t hey hinder (men) from Al-Masj id Al-Haram, and t hey are not it s guardians None can be it s guardians except t hose who have Taqwa, but most of t hem know not .)
Allah asks, ` why would not He t orment t hem while t hey are st opping Muslims from going t o Al-Masj id Al-Haram, t hus hindering t he believers, it s own people, from praying and performing Tawaf in it ' Allah said,
ぴ
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ
∇ヱ∠ぺ
⊥ロ∠￢べ∠Β͡ャ
∇ラ͡ま
⊥ロ⊥ぼべ∠Β͡ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ
ｚΙ͡ま
∠ラヲ⊥ボｚわ⊥ヨ∇ャや
び
T(And t hey are not it s guardians None can be it s guardians except t hose who have Taqwa,) meaning, t he Prophet and his Companions are t he t rue dwellers (or wort hy maint ainers) of Al-Masj id Al-Haram, not t he pagans. Allah said in ot her Ayah,
ぴ
ゅ∠ョ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
∠リΒ͡ミ͡ゲ∇ゼ⊥ヨ∇ヤ͡ャ
ラ∠ぺ
∇やヱ⊥ゲ⊥ヨ∇バ∠Α
∠ギ͡ィゅ∠ジ∠ョ
ぶや
∠リΑ͡ギ͡ヰ⇒∠セ
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
ユ͡ヰ͡ジ⊥ヘル∠ぺ
͡ゲ∇ヘ⊥ム∇ャゅ͡よ
∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺ
∇ろ∠ト͡ら∠ェ
∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ヤ⇒∠ヨ∇ハ∠ぺ
ヴ͡プ∠ヱ
͡ケゅｚレャや
∇ユ⊥ワ
∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡ヤ⇒∠カ
-ゅ∠ヨｚル͡ま
⊥ゲ⊥ヨ∇バ∠Α
∠ギ͡イ⇒∠ジ∠ョ
͡ヮｚヤャや
∇リ∠ョ
∠リ∠ョや∠￢
ャゅ͡よ
͡ヮｚヤ
͡ュ∇ヲ∠Β∇ャや∠ヱ
͡ゲ͡カｘΙや
∠ュゅ∠ホ∠ぺ∠ヱ
∠りヲ∠ヤｚダャや
ヴ∠ゎや￢∠ヱ
∠りヲ∠ミｚゴャや
∇ユ∠ャ∠ヱ
∠ズ∇ガ∠Α
ｚΙ͡ま
∠ヮｚヤャや
ヴ∠ジ∠バ∠プ
∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺ
ラ∠ぺ
∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ム∠Α
∠リ͡ョ
∠リΑ͡ギ∠わ∇ヰ⊥ヨ∇ャや
び
(It is not for t he polyt heist s, t o maint ain t he Masj ids of Allah, while t hey wit ness disbelief against t hemselves. The works of such are in vain and in t he Fire shall t hey abide. The Masj ids of Allah shall be maint ained only by t hose who believe in Allah and t he Last Day; perform t he Salah, and give t he Zakah and fear none but Allah. It is t hey who are on t rue guidance.) 9:17-18 , and,
ぴ
ｘギ∠タ∠ヱ
リ∠ハ
͡モΒ͡ら∠シ
͡ヮｚヤャや
∀ゲ∇ヘ⊥ミ∠ヱ
͡ヮ͡よ
͡ギ͡イ∇ジ∠ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ
͡ュや∠ゲ∠エ∇ャや
⊥ァや∠ゲ∇カ͡ま∠ヱ
͡ヮ͡ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ
⊥ヮ∇レ͡ョ
⊥ゲ∠ら∇ミ∠ぺ
∠ギレ͡ハ
͡ヮｚヤャや
び
(But a great er (t ransgression) wit h Allah is t o prevent mankind from following t he way of Allah, t o disbelieve in Him, t o prevent access t o Al-Masj id Al-Haram (at Makkah), and t o drive out it s inhabit ant s,) 2:217 .
` Urwah, As-Suddi and Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat Allah's st at ement ,
ぴ
∇ラ͡ま
⊥ロ⊥ぼべ∠Β͡ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ
ｚΙ͡ま
∠ラヲ⊥ボｚわ⊥ヨ∇ャや
び
(None can be it s guardians except t hose who have Taqwa,) refers t o Muhammad and his Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all. Muj ahid explained t hat t his Ayah is about t he Muj ahidin in Allah's cause , whomever and wherever t hey may be.
Allah t hen ment ioned t he pract ice of t he pagans next t o Al-Masj id Al-Haram and t he respect t hey observed in it s vicinit y,
ぴ
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ゎ∠Κ∠タ
∠ギレ͡ハ
͡ろ∇Β∠ら∇ャや
ｚΙ͡ま
⇔￢べ∠ム⊥ョ
⇔る∠Α͡ギ∇ダ∠ゎ∠ヱ
び
` Abdullah bin ` Umar, Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Raj a' Al-Ut ardi, Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, Huj r bin ` Anbas, Nubayt bin Sharit , Qat adah and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat t his part of t he Ayah refers t o whist ling. Muj ahid added t hat t he pagans used t o place t heir fingers in t heir mout h (while whist ling). Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,
ぴ
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ゎ∠Κ∠タ
∠ギレ͡ハ
͡ろ∇Β∠ら∇ャや
ｚΙ͡ま
⇔￢べ∠ム⊥ョ
⇔る∠Α͡ギ∇ダ∠ゎ∠ヱ
び
(Their Salat at t he House was not hing but Muka' and Tasdiyah.)
"The Quraysh used t o perform Tawaf (encircling t he Ka` bah) while naked, whist ling and clapping t heir hands, for Muka' means ` whist ling', while, Tasdiyah means ` clapping t he hands.''' This meaning was also report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, by ` Ali bin Abi Talhah and Al-` Awfi. Similar was recorded from Ibn ` Umar, Muj ahid, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Abu Salamah bin ` Abdur-Rahman, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, ` At iyyah Al-` Awfi, Huj r bin ` Anbas and Ibn Abza. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar explained t he Ayah,
ぴ
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ゎ∠Κ∠タ
∠ギレ͡ハ
͡ろ∇Β∠ら∇ャや
ｚΙ͡ま
⇔￢べ∠ム⊥ョ
⇔る∠Α͡ギ∇ダ∠ゎ∠ヱ
び
(Their Salat at t he House was not hing but Muka' and Tasdiyah.) "Muka' means ` whist ling', while, ` Tasdiyah' means ` clapping t he hands.''' Sa` id bin Jubayr and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd said t hat ,
ぴ
∠ヱ
⇔る∠Α͡ギ∇ダ∠ゎ
び
(and Tasdiyah), means, t hey hindered from t he pat h of Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. Allah said,
ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グ∠プ
∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや
ゅ∠ヨ͡よ
∇ユ⊥わ∇レ⊥ミ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⊥ヘ∇ム∠ゎ
び
(Therefore t ast e t he punishment because you used t o disbelieve.)
This refers t o t he deat h and capt ure t hat t hey suffered during t he bat t le of Badr, according t o Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Jurayj and Muhammad bin Ishaq.
ぴ
ｚラ͡ま
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ヘ∠ミ
∠ラヲ⊥ボ͡ヘレ⊥Α
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ∠ヲ∇ョ∠ぺ
∇やヱぁギ⊥ダ∠Β͡ャ
リ∠ハ
͡モΒ͡ら∠シ
͡ヮｚヤャや
ゅ∠ヰ∠ルヲ⊥ボ͡ヘレ⊥Β∠ジ∠プ
ｚユ⊥を
⊥ラヲ⊥ム∠ゎ
∇ユ͡ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
⇔り∠ゲ∇ジ∠ェ
ｚユ⊥を
∠ラヲ⊥ら∠ヤ∇ピ⊥Α
∠リΑ͡グｚャや∠ヱ
∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ヘ∠ミ
ヴ∠ャ͡ま
∠ユｚレ∠ヰ∠ィ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ∠ゼ∇エ⊥Α
-∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∠Β͡ャ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∠ゑΒ͡ら∠ガ∇ャや
∠リ͡ョ
͡ょあΒｚトャや
∠モ∠バ∇イ∠Α∠ヱ
∠ゑΒ͡ら∠ガ∇ャや
⊥ヮ∠ツ∇バ∠よ
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
∃ヂ∇バ∠よ
⊥ヮ∠ヨ⊥ミ∇ゲ∠Β∠プ
⇔ゅバΒ͡ヨ∠ィ
⊥ヮ∠ヤ∠バ∇イ∠Β∠プ
ヴ͡プ
∠ユｚレ∠ヰ∠ィ
∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺ
⊥ユ⊥ワ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ジ⇒∠ガ∇ャや
び
(36. Verily, t hose who disbelieve spend t heir wealt h t o hinder (men) from t he pat h of Allah, and so will t hey cont inue t o spend it ; but in t he end it will become an anguish for t hem. Then t hey will be overcome. And t hose who disbelieve will be gat hered unt o Hell.) (37. In order t hat Allah may dist inguish t he wicked from t he good, and put t he wicked one over anot her, heap t hem t oget her and cast t hem int o Hell. Those! it is t hey who are t he losers.)
The Disbelievers spend Their Wealth to hinder Others from Allah's
Path, but this will only cause Them Grief
Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed t hat Az-Zuhri, Muhammad bin Yahya bin Hibban, ` Asim bin ` Umar bin Qat adah, and Al-Husayn bin ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Amr bin Sa` id bin Mu` adh said, "The Quraysh suffered defeat at Badr and t heir forces went back t o Makkah, while Abu Sufyan went back wit h t he caravan int act . This is when ` Abdullah bin Abi Rabi` ah, ` Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl, Safwan bin Umayyah and ot her men from Quraysh who lost t heir fat hers, sons or brot hers in Badr, went t o Abu Sufyan bin Harb. They said t o him, and t o t hose among t he Quraysh who had wealt h in t hat caravan, ` O people of Quraysh! Muhammad has grieved you and killed t he chiefs among you. Therefore, help us wit h t his wealt h so t hat we can fight him, it may be t hat we will avenge our losses.' They agreed.'' Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "This Ayah was revealed about t hem, according t o Ibn ` Abbas,
ぴ
ｚラ͡ま
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ヘ∠ミ
∠ラヲ⊥ボ͡ヘレ⊥Α
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ∠ヲ∇ョ∠ぺ
び
(Verily, t hose who disbelieve spend t heir wealt h...) unt il,
ぴ
⊥ユ⊥ワ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ジ⇒∠ガ∇ャや
び
(t hey who are t he losers. )'' Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hakam bin ` Uyaynah, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ibn Abza said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about Abu Sufyan and his spending money in Uhud t o fight t he Messenger of Allah . Ad-Dahhak said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t he idolat ors of Badr. In any case, t he Ayah is general, even t hough t here was a specific incident t hat accompanied it s revelat ion. Allah st at es here t hat t he disbelievers spend t heir wealt h t o hinder from t he pat h of t rut h. However, by doing t hat , t heir money will be spent and t hen will become a source of grief and anguish for t hem, availing t hem not hing in t he least . They seek t o ext inguish t he Light of Allah and make t heir word higher t han t he word of t rut h. However,
Allah will complet e His Light , even t hough t he disbelievers hat e it . He will give aid t o His religion, make His Word dominant , and His religion will prevail above all religions. This is t he disgrace t hat t he disbelievers will t ast e in t his life; and in t he Hereaft er, t hey will t ast e t he t orment of t he Fire. Whoever among t hem lives long, will wit ness wit h his eyes and hear wit h his ears what causes grief t o him. Those among t hem who are killed or die will be ret urned t o et ernal disgrace and t he everlast ing punishment . This is why Allah said,
ぴ
ゅ∠ヰ∠ルヲ⊥ボ͡ヘレ⊥Β∠ジ∠プ
ｚユ⊥を
⊥ラヲ⊥ム∠ゎ
∇ユ͡ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
⇔り∠ゲ∇ジ∠ェ
ｚユ⊥を
∠ラヲ⊥ら∠ヤ∇ピ⊥Α
∠リΑ͡グｚャや∠ヱ
∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ヘ∠ミ
ヴ∠ャ͡ま
∠ユｚレ∠ヰ∠ィ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ∠ゼ∇エ⊥Α
び
(And so will t hey cont inue t o spend it ; but in t he end it will become an anguish for t hem. Then t hey will be overcome. And t hose who disbelieve will be gat hered unt o Hell. )
Allah said,
ぴ
∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∠Β͡ャ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∠ゑΒ͡ら∠ガ∇ャや
∠リ͡ョ
͡ょあΒｚトャや
び
(In order t hat Allah may dist inguish t he wicked from t he good.), meaning recognize t he difference bet ween t he people of happiness and t he people of misery, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, as ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from him. Allah dist inguishes bet ween t hose believers who obey Him and fight His disbelieving enemies and t hose who disobey Him. Allah said in anot her Ayah,
ぴ
ゅｚョ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
ｚヤャや
⊥ヮ
∠ケ∠グ∠Β͡ャ
∠リΒ͡レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
べ∠ョ
∇ユ⊥わル∠ぺ
͡ヮ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
ヴｚわ∠ェ
∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∠Α
∠ゑΒ͡ら∠ガ∇ャや
∠リ͡ョ
͡ょあΒｚトャや
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∇ユ⊥ム∠バ͡ヤ∇ト⊥Β͡ャ
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
͡ょ∇Β∠ピ∇ャや
び
(Allah will not leave t he believers in t he st at e in which you are now, unt il He dist inguishes t he wicked from t he good. Nor will Allah disclose t o you t he secret s of t he Ghayb (Unseen).)
3:179 , and,
ぴ
∇ュ∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥わ∇ら͡ジ∠ェ
ラ∠ぺ
∇やヲ⊥ヤ⊥カ∇ギ∠ゎ
∠るｚレ∠イ∇ャや
ゅｚヨ∠ャ∠ヱ
͡ユ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ヰ⇒∠ィ
∇ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ
∠ユ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α∠ヱ
∠リΑ͡ゲ͡ら⇒ｚダャや
び
(Do you t hink t hat you will ent er Paradise before Allah (t est s) t hose of you who fought (in His cause) and (also) t est s t hose who are t he pat ient ) 3:142 .
Therefore, t he Ayah (8:37) means, ` We t ried you wit h combat ant disbelievers whom We made able t o spend money in fight ing you,'
ぴ
∠Β͡ャ
∠ゴΒ͡ヨ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∠ゑΒ͡ら∠ガ∇ャや
∠リ͡ョ
͡ょあΒｚトャや
∠モ∠バ∇イ∠Α∠ヱ
∠ゑΒ͡ら∠ガ∇ャや
⊥ヮ∠ツ∇バ∠よ
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
∃ヂ∇バ∠よ
⊥ヮ∠ヨ⊥ミ∇ゲ∠Β∠プ
び
(in order t hat Allah may dist inguish t he wicked from t he good, and put t he wicked one over anot her, heap t hem t oget her) put in a pile on t op of each ot her,
ぴ
⊥ヮ∠ヤ∠バ∇イ∠Β∠プ
ヴ͡プ
∠ユｚレ∠ヰ∠ィ
∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺ
⊥ユ⊥ワ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ジ⇒∠ガ∇ャや
び
(and cast t hem int o Hell. Those! It is t hey who are t he losers.) 8:37 , in t his life and t he Hereaft er.
ぴ
モ⊥ホ
∠リΑ͡グｚヤ͡ャ
∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ヘ∠ミ
ラ͡ま
∇やヲ⊥ヰ∠わレ∠Α
∇ゲ∠ヘ∇ピ⊥Α
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ
ゅｚョ
∇ギ∠ホ
∠ブ∠ヤ∠シ
ラ͡ま∠ヱ
⊥キヲ⊥バ∠Α
∇やヱ
∇ギ∠ボ∠プ
∇ろ∠ツ∠ョ
⊥ろｚレ⊥シ
͡リΒ͡ャｚヱｘΙや
び
ぴ
∇ユ⊥ワヲ⊥ヤ͡わ⇒∠ホ∠ヱ
ヴｚわ∠ェ
∠Ι
∠ラヲ⊥ム∠ゎ
∀る∠レ∇わ͡プ
∠ラヲ⊥ム∠Α∠ヱ
⊥リΑあギャや
⊥ヮぁヤ⊥ミ
͡ヮヤ͡ャ
͡ラ͡み∠プ
∇や∇ヲ∠ヰ∠わ∇ルや
ｚラ͡み∠プ
∠ヮｚヤャや
ゅ∠ヨ͡よ
∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α
∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ
-ラ͡ま∠ヱ
∇や∇ヲｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ
∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇ハゅ∠プ
ｚラ∠ぺ
∠ヮｚヤャや
∇ユ⊥ミ∠Ι∇ヲ∠ョ
∠ユ∇バ͡ル
∠ャ∇ヲ∠ヨ∇ャや
ヴ
∠ユ∇バ͡ル∠ヱ
⊥ゲΒ͡ダｚレャや
び
(38. Say t o t hose who have disbelieved, if t hey cease, t heir past will be forgiven. But if t hey ret urn (t heret o), t hen t he examples of t hose (punished) before t hem have already preceded (as a warning).) (39. And fight t hem unt il t here is no more Fit nah, and t he religion (worship) will all be for Allah alone. But if t hey cease, t hen cert ainly, Allah is All-Seer of what t hey do.) (40. And if t hey t urn away, t hen know t hat Allah is your prot ect or -- (what ) an excellent prot ect or and (what ) an excellent helper!)
Encouraging the Disbelievers to seek Allah's Forgiveness, warning
Them against Disbelief
ぴ
モ⊥ホ
∠リΑ͡グｚヤ͡ャ
∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ヘ∠ミ
ラ͡ま
∇やヲ⊥ヰ∠わレ∠Α
び
(Say t o t hose who have disbelieved, if t hey cease...) t he disbelief, defiance and st ubbornness t hey indulge in, and embrace Islam, obedience and repent ance.
ぴ
∇ゲ∠ヘ∇ピ⊥Α
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ
ゅｚョ
∇ギ∠ホ
∠ブ∠ヤ∠シ
び
(t heir past will be forgiven.) along wit h t heir sins and errors. It is recorded in t he Sahih Al-Bukhari t hat Abu Wa'il said t hat Ibn Mas'ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
»
∇リ∠ョ
∠リ∠ジ∇ェ∠ぺ
ヶ͡プ
͡ュゅ∠ヤ∇シ͡み∇ャや
∇ユ∠ャ
∇グ∠カや∠ぽ⊥Α
ゅ∠ヨ͡よ
∠モ͡ヨ∠ハ
ヶ͡プ
∩͡るｚΒ͡ヤ͡ワゅ∠イ∇ャや
∇リ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠￢ゅ∠シ∠ぺ
ヶ͡プ
͡ュゅ∠ヤ∇シ͡み∇ャや
∠グ͡カ⊥ぺ
͡メｚヱ∠ほ∇ャゅ͡よ
ゲ͡カべ∇ャや∠ヱ
«
(He who becomes good in his Islam, will not be punished for what he has commit t ed during Jahiliyyah (before Islam). He who becomes bad in his Islam, will face a punishment for his previous and lat t er deeds.)
It is also recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
»
⊥ュゅ∠ヤ∇シ͡み∇ャや
ぁょ⊥イ∠Α
ゅ∠ョ
∠ホ
⊥ヮ∠ヤ∇ら
⊥る∠よ∇ヲｚわャや∠ヱ
ぁょ⊥イ∠ゎ
ゅ∠ョ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
ゅ∠ヰ∠ヤ∇ら∠ホ
«
("Islam erases what occurred before it , and repent ance erases what occurs before it .'') Allah said,
ぴ
ラ͡ま∠ヱ
∇やヱ⊥キヲ⊥バ∠Α
び
(But if t hey ret urn, ) and remain on t heir ways,
