JICA’s Approach for
Climate Change Adaptation by
utilizing GEOSS Outputs
Mikio Ishiwatari
Senior Advisor
Japan International Cooperation Agency
2nd GEOSS African Water Cycle Symposium
United Nations Conference Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Contents
1. JICA Handbook on Climate Change Adaptation in Water Sector
Case studies in Malaysia, and Sri Lanka 2. Projects in Kenya
Nation wide MP
Integrated Flood Management: Community based adaptation
水分野における
Handbook on Climate Change Adaptation in the Water Sector
--A Resilient Approach that Integrates Water Management and Community
Development--Target setting
1) Strategic Area Protection by Structural Measures 2) Land Use Regulation
3) Community-based Ri sk Management
< < <
<conventional project> <<Climate Change Adaptation Project><< >>>
Run-off Analysis
Target setting
To decide target floods scale based on probability analysis
Historical hydro-metrological data Structural M easures (such as river bank, and dam) Non-structural M easures (such as flood early warning) Historical hydro-metrological data probability analysis on target floods Runoff and
Inundation analy sis
Climate Change Prediction Evaluation on Impact on Extreme Events by Climate Change Coping Mechanism Analysis
River Basin Governance St ructural Measures Non-struct ural Measures (early warning, Evacuation)
Monitoring Poverty Alleviation,
Vulnerability Consideration CBDM Urban, Regional Planning ( ( ( (land use regulation))))
Objective: to mitigate human
and economic losses Objective: to minimize human loss
<Project> <Project>
Prediction for precipitation
Multi-model Ensemble of dataset of GCMs in DIAS (Data Integration and Analysis System)
– To know prediction
– To know uncertainty of GCMs
X1.2
X1.2
Prediction model precipitation current
2050
2050
ARI: 50 years (2025) 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 RegHCM-PM, NAHRIM PRECIS, MMD BCCR-BCM2.0, Norway CNRM-CM3, France CGCM3.1(T63), Canada CGCM3.1(T47), Canada GISS-AOM, USA GFDL-CM2.0, USA GFDL-CM2.1, USA INGV-SXG, Italy MIROC3.2(hires), Japan MIROC3.2(medres), Japan ECHO-G, Germany/Korea ECHAM5/MPI-OM, Germany IPSL-CM4, France GCM Average Incremental Ratio
Case in Malaysia
Pahang River
Down scaling0 20 40 60 80 100 120 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 8days Rainfall Depth(mm)
A R I( ye ar s) Current 2025(ave. increase) 2025(max. increase) Decrease in ARI Inecrease in rainfall 50年確率規模降雨による氾 濫水位が50cm程度増加する 可能性がある Some 50 cm of inundation depth increase, ARI 50 yrs
2025(降雨量10%増) 149(144%) 24,398(24%) 潜 在 死 者 数 潜 在 孤 立 者 数 (50 ) 61 19,747 ( 0%) ( 0%)
Potential death toll
Potential isolated people
0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0 3 5 0 4 0 0 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 月 月 平 均 雨 量 (m m ) _ O B S cc3 cct ccx cm 0 cm 5 g c0 if0 in 3 m 3 m m c2 g a x ie4 m 3 h n p 1 ic4 observed Jan Monthly Rainfall 1979-98
Case in Sri Lanka
Karu River
124.33 145.01 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Max 1 day 1 0 年 確 率 年 最 大 日 雨 量 ( m m /日 ) _ 観測値 (1979-1998) 選定したGCMの 予測値(2046-2065) 年最大日雨量 年最大日雨量 年最大日雨量 年最大日雨量 Upper lower 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 4 8 12 16 20 時間 時 間 雨 量 ( m m / 時 間 ) Increase by climate change hourly rainfall
確率降雨(10年確率年最大日雨量) カル川の小流域Aの計画降雨(1日雨量)
Aver. of Ensemble Max. Daily rainfall 1/10
observed Prediction by GCM
The Project on The Development of
The National Water Master Plan
Project Area
To renew National Water
Master Plan towards 2030 taking into consideration of climate change
To assess and evaluate
availability, reliability, quality, and vulnerability of water
resources up to around 2050 taking into consideration of climate change
To formulate action plan up to
2022
To strengthen capacity of water
Plan of Operation
Collection of Meteorological
hydrological data
Satellite observation data
Satellite Image
and Topographic data
Preparation of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Runoff Analysis Estimation of Natural Flow
Study on Climate Change Analysis
Collection of Analyzed Result of GCM
Verification of Model Validity by Ensemble Method
Down scaling of Climate Change Analysis Result
Present Runoff (Flood and low Flow)
Future Runoff (Flood and low Flow)
Rainfall Analysis
Future Rainfall (Flood and low Flow)
Collection of Water Use Data (Inclusive
of Water Rights)
Satellite Image Analysis
Related to Land Use and Slope
Plan of Operation
• Water Supply • Sewerage • Irrigation • Hydropower • Water Resources • Water Resources • Flood and Disaster • Environment• Institutional Strengthening • Operation and Maintenance
Development Plans Institutional Plans Integration Integration Integration Management Plans Components of M/P 2030
Integrated Flood Management in
Kenya
ー
Needs for connecting with
Community-based adaptation Nyand River Basin, Kenya
FLOOD DISASTER MAP
Interview Survey at 350 points
Annual average flood Heaviest flood in the past
洪水被害 flood damages
Evacuation route 井戸 井戸 井戸 井戸 Well 避難所 避難所 避難所 避難所 Evacuation Center
避難訓練 避難訓練 避難訓練 避難訓練 Evacuation drill ハザードマップ ハザードマップ ハザードマップ
issues
How to utilize outputs from GEOSS in these community-based activities?
ex 1. early warning systems: not established because of lack of monitoring systems.
ex 2. impact assessment of Climate
Conclusion
• Satellite Technology, Simulation
modeling, datasets of GCM are crucial in implementing CCA of JICA project • Issue: how to connect with
Flood Affected Area Flood Depth
Based on the past Experience Level of Flood Depth
Direction for Evacuation with Distance, Evacuation Center, and Flood Area
Sing Board for Flood Condition at Area
Sing Board for Evacuation Route
国道かさ上げ
Raising national road
河畔林
River side forest
輪中提Ring Dyke 水制Long Spur 引提Dyke on High Ground 避難路 Evacuation Route 道路排水路 Roadside Drainage 適応策 適応策 適応策 適応策 counter measures Victoria Lake Nyand River 看板 Signboard
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携 NGONGONGONGO
大学等 大学等 大学等 大学等 研究機関 研究機関 研究機関 研究機関 NGO NGONGO NGO 大学等 大学等 大学等 大学等 研究機関 研究機関 研究機関 研究機関 連 連 連 連 携 携 携 携 「 「「 「コミュコミュコミュコミュ ニティ ニティ ニティ ニティ」」」」 支援 支援 「 「「 「社会社会社会」社会」」」のののの範囲範囲範囲範囲 JICA JICA sup port suppor t