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(1)

JICA’s Approach for

Climate Change Adaptation by

utilizing GEOSS Outputs

Mikio Ishiwatari

Senior Advisor

Japan International Cooperation Agency

2nd GEOSS African Water Cycle Symposium

United Nations Conference Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

(2)

Contents

1. JICA Handbook on Climate Change Adaptation in Water Sector

Case studies in Malaysia, and Sri Lanka 2. Projects in Kenya

Nation wide MP

Integrated Flood Management: Community based adaptation

(3)

水分野における

Handbook on Climate Change Adaptation in the Water Sector

--A Resilient Approach that Integrates Water Management and Community

(4)

Development--Target setting

1) Strategic Area Protection by Structural Measures 2) Land Use Regulation

3) Community-based Ri sk Management

< < <

<conventional project> <Climate Change Adaptation Project>

Run-off Analysis

Target setting

To decide target floods scale based on probability analysis

Historical hydro-metrological data Structural M easures (such as river bank, and dam) Non-structural M easures (such as flood early warning) Historical hydro-metrological data probability analysis on target floods Runoff and

Inundation analy sis

Climate Change Prediction Evaluation on Impact on Extreme Events by Climate Change Coping Mechanism Analysis

River Basin Governance St ructural Measures Non-struct ural Measures (early warning, Evacuation)

Monitoring Poverty Alleviation,

Vulnerability Consideration CBDM Urban, Regional Planning ( ( ( (land use regulation))))

Objective: to mitigate human

and economic losses Objective: to minimize human loss

<Project> <Project>

(5)

Prediction for precipitation

Multi-model Ensemble of dataset of GCMs in DIAS (Data Integration and Analysis System)

– To know prediction

– To know uncertainty of GCMs

X1.2

X1.2

Prediction model precipitation current

2050

2050

(6)

ARI: 50 years (2025) 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 RegHCM-PM, NAHRIM PRECIS, MMD BCCR-BCM2.0, Norway CNRM-CM3, France CGCM3.1(T63), Canada CGCM3.1(T47), Canada GISS-AOM, USA GFDL-CM2.0, USA GFDL-CM2.1, USA INGV-SXG, Italy MIROC3.2(hires), Japan MIROC3.2(medres), Japan ECHO-G, Germany/Korea ECHAM5/MPI-OM, Germany IPSL-CM4, France GCM Average Incremental Ratio

Case in Malaysia

Pahang River

Down scaling

(7)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 8days Rainfall Depth(mm)

A R I( ye ar s) Current 2025(ave. increase) 2025(max. increase) Decrease in ARI Inecrease in rainfall 50年確率規模降雨による氾 濫水位が50cm程度増加する 可能性がある Some 50 cm of inundation depth increase, ARI 50 yrs

(8)

2025(降雨量10%増) 149(144%) 24,398(24%) 潜 在 死 者 数 潜 在 孤 立 者 数 (50 ) 61 19,747 ( 0%) ( 0%)

Potential death toll

Potential isolated people

(9)

0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0 3 5 0 4 0 0 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 月 月 平 均 雨 量 (m m ) _ O B S cc3 cct ccx cm 0 cm 5 g c0 if0 in 3 m 3 m m c2 g a x ie4 m 3 h n p 1 ic4 observed Jan Monthly Rainfall 1979-98

Case in Sri Lanka

Karu River

(10)

124.33 145.01 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Max 1 day 1 0 年 確 率 年 最 大 日 雨 量 ( m m /日 ) _ 観測値 (1979-1998) 選定したGCMの 予測値(2046-2065) 年最大日雨量 年最大日雨量 年最大日雨量 年最大日雨量 Upper lower 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 4 8 12 16 20 時間 時 間 雨 量 ( m m / 時 間 ) Increase by climate change hourly rainfall

確率降雨(10年確率年最大日雨量) カル川の小流域Aの計画降雨(1日雨量)

Aver. of Ensemble Max. Daily rainfall 1/10

observed Prediction by GCM

(11)

The Project on The Development of

The National Water Master Plan

(12)

Project Area

 To renew National Water

Master Plan towards 2030 taking into consideration of climate change

 To assess and evaluate

availability, reliability, quality, and vulnerability of water

resources up to around 2050 taking into consideration of climate change

 To formulate action plan up to

2022

 To strengthen capacity of water

(13)

Plan of Operation

Collection of Meteorological

hydrological data

Satellite observation data

Satellite Image

and Topographic data

Preparation of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Runoff Analysis Estimation of Natural Flow

Study on Climate Change Analysis

Collection of Analyzed Result of GCM

Verification of Model Validity by Ensemble Method

Down scaling of Climate Change Analysis Result

Present Runoff (Flood and low Flow)

Future Runoff (Flood and low Flow)

Rainfall Analysis

Future Rainfall (Flood and low Flow)

Collection of Water Use Data (Inclusive

of Water Rights)

Satellite Image Analysis

Related to Land Use and Slope

(14)

Plan of Operation

• Water Supply • Sewerage • Irrigation • Hydropower • Water Resources • Water Resources • Flood and Disaster • Environment

• Institutional Strengthening • Operation and Maintenance

Development Plans Institutional Plans Integration Integration Integration Management Plans Components of M/P 2030

(15)

Integrated Flood Management in

Kenya

Needs for connecting with

(16)

Community-based adaptation Nyand River Basin, Kenya

(17)

FLOOD DISASTER MAP

Interview Survey at 350 points

(18)

Annual average flood Heaviest flood in the past

洪水被害 flood damages

(19)

Evacuation route 井戸 井戸 井戸 井戸 Well 避難所 避難所 避難所 避難所 Evacuation Center

(20)

避難訓練 避難訓練 避難訓練 避難訓練 Evacuation drill ハザードマップ ハザードマップ ハザードマップ

(21)

issues

How to utilize outputs from GEOSS in these community-based activities?

ex 1. early warning systems: not established because of lack of monitoring systems.

ex 2. impact assessment of Climate

(22)

Conclusion

• Satellite Technology, Simulation

modeling, datasets of GCM are crucial in implementing CCA of JICA project • Issue: how to connect with

(23)
(24)
(25)

Flood Affected Area Flood Depth

Based on the past Experience Level of Flood Depth

Direction for Evacuation with Distance, Evacuation Center, and Flood Area

Sing Board for Flood Condition at Area

Sing Board for Evacuation Route

国道かさ上げ

Raising national road

河畔林

River side forest

輪中提Ring Dyke 水制Long Spur 引提Dyke on High Ground 避難路 Evacuation Route 道路排水路 Roadside Drainage 適応策 適応策 適応策 適応策 counter measures Victoria Lake Nyand River 看板 Signboard

(26)

地方行 地方行 地方行 地方行 政機関 政機関 政機関 政機関 地方行 地方行 地方行 地方行 政機関 政機関 政機関 政機関 住民組織 住民組織住民組織 住民組織、、、学校、学校学校・学校・・宗教・宗教宗教等宗教等等等 を をを を中心中心中心とする中心とするとする組織とする組織組織組織 地方行政 地方行政 地方行政 地方行政 機関 機関 機関 機関 ( ( ( (州州州や州ややや 県 県 県 県)))) 地方行政 地方行政 地方行政 地方行政 機関 機関 機関 機関 ( ( ( (州州州州やややや 県 県 県 県)))) 中央 中央 中央 中央 政府 政府 政府 政府 ( ( ( (国国国国)))) 中央 中央 中央 中央 政府 政府 政府 政府 ( ( ( (国国国国)))) 連 連 連 連 携 携 携

携 NGONGONGONGO

大学等 大学等 大学等 大学等 研究機関 研究機関 研究機関 研究機関 NGO NGONGO NGO 大学等 大学等 大学等 大学等 研究機関 研究機関 研究機関 研究機関 連 連 連 連 携 携 携 携 「 「「 「コミュコミュコミュコミュ ニティ ニティ ニティ ニティ」」」」 支援 支援 「 「「 「社会社会社会」社会」」」のののの範囲範囲範囲範囲 JICA JICA sup port suppor t

地域防災力・コミュニティ防災とは

JICA課題別指針・防災

(27)

参照

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