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What We Have To Do in Immunology and Virology : OPINION (Theory of Biomathematics and its Applications VII)

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What We

Have

To

Do

in

Immunology and Virology

-OPINION-Shingo

Iwami

a,b,c* ,

Kei

Sato

c

JST PRESTO

a,

Gmduate School

of

Mathematical Sciences, The University

of

Tokyo

b,

Institute

for

Virus Research c

Mathematicalmodeling, which at

one

time

was

essentially ignored bytheexperimental

immunology and virology communities, has in thelast 15 years become animportant tool to aid biology. In fact, almost all ofthe major scientific disciplines

are

now

collaborating with

a

theoretical immunologist, with the exception of Japan. This is because

mathe-matical modeling has provided several quantitative insights which cannot be obtained by

experimental and clinical studies alone, especially, in the fields of human specific

infec-tious disease such as HIV, HCV and influenza infection [Nature, 1995, 373, 117-122: X. Wei et al.

&

123-126:

DD. Ho et al., PNAS, 1996, 93, 4398-4402: MA. Nowak, Science, 1998, 282, 103-107: AU. Neumann et al.]. Mathematical modeling is also improving

our

understanding of lymphocyte dynamics and the quantitative events that underlie the

im-mune

response to pathogens [Science, 1998, 279, 1223-1227: H. Mohri et al., JEM, 2001, 194, 1277-1287: H. Mohri et al., JV, 2006, 80, 7590-7599: P. Baccam et al., PNAS, 2008, 105, 6115-6120: N. Vrisekoop et al.].

Unfortunately, there are few research collaborations between immunologists, virolo-gists and theorists in Japan. This is because theorists have not been trained in handling mathematical models in the fields of immunology and virology, resulting in extremely

few opportunities for experimental researchers to associate with a modeling study. It is essential to establish

a

unique and original environment in Japan for creating opportuni-ties which

are

distinct from the American and European countries, inwhich experimental

researchers and theorists approach and cooperate with each other. These types of collab-orations will provide us with novel insights in several immunological fields.

Our knowledge of immunology and virology is derived from various fields of study (medicine$\Rightarrow$ chemistry$\Rightarrow$ cell biology$\Rightarrow$

molecular biology). Which study will help

pio-neerthe next generation ofexploration? We are

now

generating and obtaining

enormous

*SI

is supported by JSTPRESTO program

数理解析研究所講究録

(2)

volumes of

data

more

than

ever

before

by using the

know-how

of

current technology to

constantly develop higher throughput technology. However, the methods used to analyze these

enormous

amounts of data are extremely limited and lag behind the pace at which the data

can

be produced. “A Merger between Immunology, Virology and Mathemat-ics“ is

a

new challenge for answering our future needs to analyze various time

course

data mathematically, computationally and statistically, and is

a

key factor needed in the current field of immunology. In fact, collaborating efforts in immunology, virology and

mathematics recently enabled us to analyze many complex immunological phenomena

including immune cell migration [Nature Rev. Immunol., 2009, 9, 789-798: JB. Beltman et al.], immunologic memory, and interactions between virus and immune cells (oneofmy

PRESTO

projects), amongst others.

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