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ࢢ࣮ࣞࢺ࣭࣮࣐ࣖࢫ㸦Great Yarmouth㸧ࡣࠊࣥࢢࣛࣥ ࢻᮾ㒊ࣀ࣮ࣇ࢛࣮ࢡᕞࡢἢᓊࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛ࠊࣀ࣮ࣇ࢛࣮ࢡᕞ ࢧࣇ࢛࣮ࢡᕞࡢቃ⏺㏆ࡃ⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡽ༡ ఙࡧࡓ༙ᓥ≧ࡢᆅᙧࡢୖᘓタࡉࢀࡓ㒔ᕷ࡛ࠊ⏫ࡢᮾ ഃࡀᾏࠊすഃࡀᕝ㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ୡ௨᮶ࠊ⁺ ࡸ㈠ ᫆ ࡋ࡚ᰤ࠼ࠊ1600 ᖺࡈࢁࡢேཱྀࡣ⣙ 5,000 ே᥎ィ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௵ᮇ 1 ᖺࡢ࣋ࣜࣇ㸦bailiffs㸧ࡀ 2 ྡࠊᕷ ཧဨ㸦aldermen㸧ࡀ 24 ྡࠊᕷ㆟㆟ဨ㸦common councillors㸧ࡀ 48 ྡ࠾ࡾࠊᙼࡽࡀ୰ᚰ࡞ࡗ࡚ᕷࡢᨻ ࡀ㐠Ⴀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ1)ࠋ ࣭࣐࣊ࣥࣜࣥࢩࢵࣉ㸦Henry Manship㸧ࡣࠊ16 ୡ⣖୰㡭 ࣮࣐ࣖࢫ࡛㈠᫆ၟࡢᜥᏊࡋ࡚⏕ࡲࢀࠊ࠾ࡶ࣮࣐ࣖ ࢫᕷࡢ᭩グࡋ࡚ά㌍ࡋࡓ 2)ࠋ1612 ᖺࡈࢁࡼࡾࠊᙼࡀ୰ ᚰ࡞ࡗ࡚࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷ㛵ಀࡍࡿྐᩱࢆ㞟ࡍࡿጤဨ ࡀタࡅࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢᡂᯝࡀ 1619 ᖺᡂࡋࡓࠗࢢ࣮ࣞࢺ࣭ ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢṔྐ㸦The History of Great Yarmouth㸧࡛࠘࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡣห⾜ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡃࠊᡭ✏ᮏࡢࡲࡲㄞࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡀࠊ19 ୡ⣖㒓ᅵྐᐙࡢࣃ࣮࣐࣮ࡢ⦅㞟ࡼࡾห⾜ࡉࢀ ࡓ3)ࠋ ㏆ୡࢠࣜࢫ㒔ᕷࡢ◊✲⪅ࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭ࢸࢺ࣮ࣛࡣࠊ ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢࡇࡢⴭసࢆࠊࠕ࠶ࡲࡾ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡅࢀ ࡶ㔜せ࡞సရ࡛࠶ࡿࠖホࡋ࡚ࠊ16 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡽ 17 ୡ⣖ࡅ࡚ᇳ➹ࡉࢀࡓࢠࣜࢫ㒔ᕷࡢṔྐ᭩ࡢ࡞࡛ ࡶࠊὀ┠ࡍࡁࡶࡢ⨨ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇࠊࡇࡢⴭస ࡣࠊ༢ᖺ௦グⓗᐇࢆླྀ㏙ࡍࡿࡲࡽࡎࠊ㒔ᕷ ࡢᆅ⌮ⓗ⎔ቃࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⪃ᐹࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞Ṕྐࡢ㛵 ಀࡢ⪃ᐹࠊࡉࡽࡣࠊ࣋ࣜࣇ࡞㒔ᕷࡢᨭ㓄ᒙࡢᙺ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⪃ᐹ࡞ࠊᖜᗈ࠸ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ4)ࠋ ᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢࠗࢢ࣮ࣞࢺ࣭࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢṔ ྐ࠘ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ࣋ࣜࣇࢆࡣࡌࡵࡋࡓ㒔ᕷࡢᨭ㓄ᒙ㛵 ࢃࡿࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ୰ᚰ⪃ᐹࢆຍ࠼࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉ ࡀ࡞ㄞ⪅ࡋ࡚ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡣࠊ࡞ࡽࡠ࣮࣐ࣖ ࢫᕷࡢᨭ㓄ᒙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣࠊḟࡢླྀ㏙ࡽࡶ࠺ ࡀ࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 㹙࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘ࡢᇳ➹ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㹛ᚋୡࡢᏊᏞ ࡓࡕ㸦≉ᕷཧࡸᕷ㆟㑅ฟࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞㸧 ࠊ≀ࡀ࠸⛣ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࢆ▱ࡽࡋࡵࡿࡇࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᙼࡽࡀࠊ↓▱ࡢࡲࡲ࡛࠸ࡿࡇࡢ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ ࡍࡿࡇ㸦ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㒔ᕷ⮬య ࡗ࡚ゝ࠸ᵝࡢ࡞࠸ᦆᐖࢆ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔ㸧ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ 㔠ࢆᡶࡗ࡚ࠊ▱㆑ࢆ࠶ࡿ୍ேࡢே≀ࡽᚓࡿࡢ࡛ ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊㄡࡶࡀࠊ⮬ศࡢពᛮ࡛ࠊ⮬ศࡢዲࡁ࡞ ࡁࠊ⮬ࡽࡢᡞࡽ▱㆑ࡢỈࢆࣂࢣࢶ࡛Ữࡳฟࡍ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ5)ࠋ ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢṔྐࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑ࢆ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙᗈࡃᥦ ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᕷࡢᨻࡢᨵၿࢆᅗࡿࠊ࠸࠺ពᅗࢆぢ ࡚ྲྀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ᪉ࠊᮏ᭩࡛ࡣࠊ㐣ཤࡢ࣋ࣜࣇ ࡽ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡢά㌍ࡸᕷᨻࡢ㈉⊩ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶヲ⣽ㄒ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢṔྐࢆླྀ㏙ࡍࡿࡇࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ 㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡢ࠶ࡿࡁጼࢆ⌧ᅾࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᚋୡࡢᕷẸఏ ࠼࡚࠸ࡃ――ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ពᅗࡀ࠶ࡗࡓゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇࡀ ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᮏㄽධࡿ๓ࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢⴭసࡢᵓᡂࡘ࠸࡚⡆ ༢ぢ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘ࡣࠊ ┠ḟࡶ࡞ࡃࠊ❶ศࡅࡽࢀ࡚ࡶ࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ࠶ࡿࢸ࣮ ࣐ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢླྀ㏙ࡀ㏵୰࡛୰᩿ࡋ࡚ࠊ࡞ࡾᚋࡢ㒊ศ࡛ 㛤ࡉࢀࡓࡾࠊ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻⓗ࡞ヰࡀḟࠎᤄධࡉࢀࡓࡾ ࡍࡿ࡞ࠊᩚࡗࡓᵓᡂ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࠋࡑࢀ ࡺ࠼ࠊయീࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊᑡࠎᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿゝࢃࡊ ࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࠊᮏ᭩ࡢᴫ␎ࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺ࡲࡵ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ձ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢ㉳※ࡸ࿘ᅖࡢ⎔ቃ࡞ࠋ ղ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷෆࡢᘓ⠏≀ࠋ ճ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢ㒔ᕷࡋ࡚ࡢ❧ᆅ᮲௳ࡢⰋࡉࠋ մ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢ㒔ᕷࡸ࿘㎶㡿ࡢ㛵ಀࠋ յ㒔ᕷࡢᨭ㓄ᒙࡢ㔜せᛶࠋձ࡛ࡣࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢ㉳※ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ㄝࡀ⤂ࡉ ࢀࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡼࡿぢゎࡶ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋղ࡛ࡣࠊࡲ ࡎᩍ㛵ಀࡢᘓ⠏≀ࡀྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࠊḟࠊࢠࣝࢻ࣮࣍ ࣝࡸ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢ ࡞ࠊୡ㛵ಀࡢᘓ㐀≀ࡀྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋճ࡛ࡾࢃࡅヲ⣽㏙ࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊእ㒊 ࡽࡢᨷᧁᑐࡍࡿᏲࡾࡢᅛࡉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᐇࡋ࡚ࠊ እᅜࡽࡢᨷᧁࡸ 1549 ᖺࡢࢣࢵࢺࡢ࡞࠾࠸࡚ࠊ ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡀ࠸ά㌍ࡋࡓࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡿࠋմ࡛ࡣࠊ ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢ⟶㎄⠊ᅖ࡞ࢆࡵࡄࡿ࿘㎶㡿ࡢᑐ❧࡞ ࡀ⤂ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᭱ᚋյ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄 ᒙࡀᯝࡓࡍࡁᙺࡸࡑࡢ❧ሙࡢṇᙜᛶ࡞ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ ᐹࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
㸰㸬ࢢ࣮ࣞࢺ࣭࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢ㉳※ࡘ࠸࡚
ࡲࡎࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡀ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘ࡢᇳ➹࠾࠸ ࡚ࠊᐇࢆᢅ࠺࠺࠼࡛ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉㔪ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ ࠊࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋḟࡢᘬ⏝⟠ᡤࢆぢ࡚ࡳ ࡼ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡣ 1540 ᖺ௦ࡢᑐࣇࣛࣥࢫᡓத࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣮ࣖ ࣐ࢫᕷࡀࣇࣛࣥࢫ⯪ࡢᨷᧁࢆཷࡅࡓࡢᵝᏊࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࡶ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ྠᵝࡢࡇ㹙࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡀእᅜ⯪ࢆᧁ㏥ࡋࡓࡇ㹛 ࡀࠊᕷ㆟㆟ဨࡢ John Stevenson Ặࡢඛ♽ࡼࡗ࡚ グࡉࢀࡓሗ࿌᭩ࡢ୰ぢฟࡏࡿࠋStevenson Ặࡣぶษ ࡶࡇࢀࢆ⚾㈚ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢሗ࿌᭩ࡣࠊJohn Coldham Ặࡀಖ⟶ࡍࡿྠᵝࡢሗ࿌᭩ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ☜ㄆ ࡉࢀࠊࡼࡾヲ⣽⾲⌧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡶ࠸ࡿࠋ1546 ᖺࡢ⪷ࣃ ࢘ࣟࡢ⚃᪥㹙6 ᭶ 29 ᪥㹛ࡢᮅࠊ3 㞘ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ⯪ ࡀ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢἩᆅࡸࡗ࡚᮶࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡛ 2 㞘ࡢᮌ Ⅳࢆ✚ࢇࡔࢡࣞ⯪ࢆᤕ⋓ࡋࠊཤࡗ࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡋ ࡋࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡣࡓࡔࡕ 2 㛛ࡢ┿㘷ࡢ◙ࢆᾏ㝿 ᘬ࠸࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ⯪◙ᧁࢆຍ࠼ࡓࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫ ⯪ࡣ◙ᧁࢆẼࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡃࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢ᪉ ᧁࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊᖾ࠸⿕ᐖࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ࣋ ࣜࣇࡣࠊࢭ࣮࣮࢝◙ 2 㛛ࢆࣇࣛࣥࢫ⯪ࡢ┿ṇ㠃⛣ ືࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠺ࡌࠊࢭ࣮࣮࢝◙ࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫ⯪ࢆᡴࡕ ᢤ࠸ࡓࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫ⯪ࡣᧁࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊࢃࡎ࡛࠶ ࡗࡓ6)ࠋ ࡇࡢグ㏙ࡀᇶ࡙࠸ࡓྐᩱࡘ࠸࡚ෑ㢌࡛ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘ࡣὀࡣࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ⏝࠸ࡓ ྐᩱࡢࡇࡀ࠸ࡘࡶゝཬࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࡀࠊ࣐ ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗྐᩱⓗ࡞ࡅࡢ࠶ࡿࢆඃඛ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊྠࡌ௦ࡢṔྐᐙ࣒࣭࣒࢘ࣜ࢝ࢹ ࣥࡢぢゎᑐࡋ࡚ࡶㄽ⌮ⓗㄽࡍࡿ࡞ࠊᙜࡋ࡚ ࡣ࡞ࡾཝᐦ࡞⪃ᐹࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ7)ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙼࡢែᗘࡣࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢ㉳※ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢグ ㏙ࡽࡶ࠺ࡀ࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘ ࡣࠊ495 ᖺࢧࢡࢯࣥேࢳ࢙ࣝࢹࢵࢳ㸦Cerdic㸧ࡀࠊࡢ ࡕ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷ࡞ࡿሙᡤୖ㝣ࡋࠊ◓ࢆ⠏࠸ࡓࡇࡀ グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢳ࢙ࣝࢹࢵࢳࡣࠊ24 ᖺ㛫ࣀ࣮ࣇ࢛࣮ࢡ ࢆྵࡴ࣮ࢫࢺࣥࢢࣜ㏆㎶࡛άືࡋࡓᚋࠊ519 ᖺ すࡢ᪉⛣ࡗ࡚⾜ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ16 ୡ⣖ࡢࣛࣇ ࢚࣭ࣝ࣍ࣜࣥࢩ࢙ࢵࢻࡢࠗᖺ௦グ࠘౫ᣐࡋࡓぢゎ࡛࠶ ࡿ 8)ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࢳ࢙ࣝࢹࢵࢳࡢ◓ࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ୍ ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࡛ࡣࠊ㒔ᕷࡋ࡚ࡢ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢ㉳※ ࡣ࠺࡞ࡢࠋ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙ࡿࠋ ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡀ᭱ึᘓタࡉࢀࠊேࠎࡀࡑࡇᒃఫࡋጞ ࡵࡓᮇࡀ࠸ࡘ࡞ࡢࠊ⚾ࡣᮍࡔࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ⚾ࡢぢࡿࡇࢁࠊ㒔ᕷ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ⌧ᅾࡢࡁࡉ ྥࡅ࡚ᑡࡋࡎࡘᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚ࡺࡃࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠊࣥ ࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢ㒔ᕷࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࡑࡢ㉳※ࡀࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ ࡢࡣࢃࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ9)ࠋ ⤖ᒁࡣࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠊ⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊྠ௦ࡢ ࡢ㒔ᕷࡀࠊఏㄝⓗ࡞ே≀ࡼࡗ࡚⏫ࡀࡘࡃࡽࢀࡓࠊ ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞⚄ヰⓗ࡞ㄝ᫂ࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࡢᑐࡋ ࡚ࠊ࠶࠼࡚ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞☜࡞ゎ㔘ࢆ㝖ࡋࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ ࡶྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ㄝ᫂ࢆ㏣ồࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ10)ࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊయ࠸ࡘࡈࢁࡽ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢ⏫ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡢࠋ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡼࡿࠊ11 ୡ⣖୰㡭ࡣࡍ࡛㞟ⴠ ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ࠋࡑࡢ᰿ᣐࡣ 11 ୡ⣖୰㡭ࡢ࢚ࢻ࣡ ࣮ࢻド⪷⋤ࡢ௦ࡢ≉チ≧࡛ࠊࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ༡㒊ࡢ 㸦the Cinque Ports㸧ࡢᕷẸࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢ⏫ࡢ◁࡛㨶 ࢆྲྀࡿ⥙ࢆᖸࡍࡇࡀチྍࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢࡇࡽࠊ ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡣࠊࡍ࡛㞟ⴠࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀࢃࡿࠊ ⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ11)ࠋ ࡌࡘࡣࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢ㉳※ࢃࡿูࡢఏᢎࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡣࠊ11 ୡ⣖๓༙ࡢࢡࢾ࣮ࢺ⋤ࡢ௦ࡲ࡛ࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫ ᕷࡣᾏ୰ỿࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡢࡔࡀࠊ11 ୡ⣖୰㡭ࡽᚋ༙ࠊࡍ ࡞ࢃࡕ࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻド⪷⋤ࡽ࣒࢘ࣜᚁ᭹⋤ࡢ௦ ࡅ࡚ᾋୖࡋ࡚ࠊ㝣ᆅ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠊ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡣࠊ࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻド⪷⋤ࡢ≉チ≧ࢆ᰿ᣐࠊ ࡇࡢఏᢎࢆྰᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ12)ࠋ ௨ୖࡽࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡀ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘ࢆᇳ➹ࡋ ࡓ㝿ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ែᗘࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ☜࡞ ఏᢎ࡞Ᏻ᫆ᇶ࡙ࡃࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾᩥ᭩ྐ ᩱᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᇳ➹ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ࠉࠉ7+(*810$̻.2+6(15(9,(:1R㸱㸬᐀ᩍᨵ㠉௨๓ࡢ㐣ཤࡢែᗘ
࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡼࡾ୍ୡ௦๓ࡢࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢫࢺ࢘ࡼࡿࣟࣥ ࢻࣥࡢṔྐ᭩ࠗࣟࣥࢻࣥ㏻ぴ࠘ࡣࠊ᐀ᩍᨵ㠉௨๓ࡢ ௦ࢆࡋࡴẼᣢࡕࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࣀࢫࢱࣝࢪ࣮ࢆᡤࠎ࡛☜ ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿ 13)ࠋ᪉ࠊ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘ࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ഴྥࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊࠕ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷෆࡢᘓ⠏≀ࠖࢆ ᢅࡗࡓ⟠ᡤ࡛ࡣࠊ᐀ᩍᨵ㠉ࡢࡁゎᩓࡉࢀࡓಟ㐨㝔ࡢ ᘓ≀ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡢグ ㏙ࡣࠊಟ㐨㝔ᑐࡋ࡚㑇㉗ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓᕷẸࡢヰࡀ୰ᚰ ࡛ࠊᘓ≀ࡢᵝᏊࡀヲ⣽ᥥࡉࢀࡓࡾࠊಟ㐨㝔ゎᩓ๓ࡢ ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࡀ⤂ࡉࢀࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸14)ࠋ ࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ⌧Ꮡࡍࡿᩍࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫ࡛ ၏୍ࡢᩍ༊ᩍࢭࣥࢺ࣭ࢽࢥࣛࢫᩍࡣࠊࡁࢃࡵ࡚ヲ⣽ ᥥࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᩍ༊ᩍࡣ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷయࢆᑐ ㇟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⪷㣶ࢆཷࡅࡿಙ⪅㸦communicants㸧ࡢே ᩘࡣࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡼࢀࡤࠊ⣙ 6,000 ேࡢࡰࡿࠋࡓࡃ ࡉࢇࡢಙ⪅ࢆᩍෆᐜࡍࡿࡓࡵᵝࠎ࡞ᕤኵࡀ࡞ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ ࠼ࡤࠊ24 ྡࡢᕷཧဨࡢࡓࡵࠊᩍࡢ༡ഃᖜ 50 ࣇ࣮ࢺࠊ㧗ࡉ 6 ࣇ࣮ࢺࡢᱞᩜᖍࡀタࡅࡽࢀࠊ48 ྡࡢ ᕷ㆟㆟ဨࡢࡓࡵࠊᩍࡢഃᖜ 65 ࣇ࣮ࢺࡢᱞᩜ ᖍࡀタࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢ௦ࠊ࠶ࡽ ࡓ 240 ྡࢆᐜ࡛ࡁࡿᱞᩜᖍࡸࠊ㧗ࡉ 10 ࣇ࣮ࢺࡢㄝ ᩍቭࡀタࡅࡽࢀࡓࡇࡶグ㏙ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 15)ࠋゎᩓࡉࡏࡽ ࢀࡓಟ㐨㝔ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⡆₩࡞グ㏙ࡣᑐ↷ⓗࠊࡁࢃࡵ ࡚ヲ⣽ᥥࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᐀ᩍᨵ㠉௨๓ࡢ㐣ཤᑐࡍࡿ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢែᗘࢆࡼࡃ ♧ࡍࡢࡣࠊࢠࣝࢻ࣮࡛࣍ࣝ㛤ദࡉࢀࡿᐗࡘ࠸࡚ࡢླྀ ㏙࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᐀ᩍᨵ㠉௨๓ࡢ௦ࠊẖᖺࠊ୕୍యࡢ᪥ ࡣࠊࢠࣝࢻ࣮࡛࣮࣮࣭࣍ࣝ࣍ࣜࢺࣜࢽࢸ࣭ࢠࣝࢻ ࠸࠺ᘵᅋ㸦ࣇࣛࢱࢽࢸ㸧ࡢᐗࡀ㛤ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࣓ ࣥࣂ࣮ྠኈࡢ႖ვࡸ௰ࡓࡀ࠸ࡀ௰ࡉࢀࠊᑐ❧ࡢゎࡀ ᅗࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ1540 ᖺ௦ࠊ࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻ 6 ୡࡢ ௦ࠊࡢࣇࣛࢱࢽࢸྠᵝࠊࡇࡢᅋయࡀゎᩓࡉࡏࡽࢀ ࡿࠊᐗࡢ㛤ദࡣࠊᕷཧᕷ㆟ࡀᢸᙜࡍࡿࡇ ࡞ࡗࡓ 16)ࠋ㛤ദࡢయࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᕷẸࡢ㛫ࡢዲ 㛵ಀࢆಖࡘ࠸࠺ᐗࡢᙺኚࡀ࡞ࡗࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ ࡇࡣࠊḟࡢグ㏙ࡽ࠺ࡀ࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ⮬↛ேࡢ㛫࠾ࡅࡿዲ㛵ಀࡸே㛵ಀࡢ⤎ࡀ㈹㈶ ࡍࡁࡶࡢࡔࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊಙ௮᐀ᩍ࠸࠺᭱ࡶ ᙉຊ࡞⤎࡛⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡽࢀࡓ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᚐࡢ㛫࠾ࡅ ࡿே㛵ಀࡢ⤎ࡣࢀ୍ᒙ㈹㈶ࡍࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡋࠊࡾࢃࡅ㈹㈶ࡍࡁ࡞ࡢࡣࠊࡦ ࡘࡢ௰㛫ᒓࡋࠊ⩏ົࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢཝ⢔࡞ᐉㄋ ࡼࡗ࡚⤖ࡧࡘ࠸ࡓ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᚐࡢ㛫࡛ࡢே㛵ಀ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢᕷ㆟ࡢ୍ဨ㑅ࡤ ࢀࡓேࠎࡢ㛫࠾ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞17)ࠋ ࡉࡽࠊࡇࢀ⥆ࡃ⟠ᡤ࡛ࠊ1563 ᖺᕷཧᕷ㆟ ࡢỴᐃࡼࡾࠊᐗࡢ㈝⏝ࡢ㈇ᢸࡢ᪉ࡀ᫂☜つᐃࡉ ࢀ࡚ࠊᐗࡀྜ⌮ⓗ㐠Ⴀࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡀ㏙ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣇࣛࢱࢽࢸࡢᶵ⬟ࡀᕷཧᕷ㆟ ⥅ᢎࡉࢀࡓࡇࢆࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡀ⫯ᐃⓗホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡇࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ 18)ࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢླྀ ㏙ࡣࠊ᐀ᩍᨵ㠉௨๓ࡢ௦ࡢࣀࢫࢱࣝࢪ࣮ࡀᕼ࡛ⷧ ࠶ࡿゝ࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ㸲㸬ࢣࢵࢺࡢ࣮࣐ࣖࢫ
ࠕ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢ㒔ᕷࡋ࡚ࡢ❧ᆅ᮲௳ࡢⰋࡉࠖࡘ࠸࡚ ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓ⟠ᡤ࡛ࡣࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡀࣀ࣮ࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࡸࢧࣇ ࢛࣮ࢡࡢ࿘㎶ࡢ㒔ᕷࡢ୰࡛ࠊඃ㉺ࡋࡓᆅࢆ☜ಖࡍࡁ ࡇࡀᙇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ⋤ᅜࡢᏳࡢࡓࡵࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢࡼ࠺࡞㒔ᕷࡀࠊ ࡑࢀࡀ⌧ᅾ⠏ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙᡤ㹙ἢᓊ㒊㹛⨨ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡁ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㹙ඛ㏙ࡓ㹛ᡃࠎ⮬㌟ࡢ⤒ 㦂ຍ࠼࡚ࠊᨻ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡘ࠸࡚ⴭ㏙ࡋࡓ␗ᩍ ࡢဴᏛ⪅ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࡶࡗࡶ㈼࠸⪅ࠊࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫ ࡢぢゎ⪥ࢆഴࡅ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋᙼࡀゝ࠺ࡣࠊᆅ᪉ࡈ 㸦ἢᓊ㒊ࡀࡼࡾዲࡲࡋ࠸ࡢࡔࡀ㸧୍ࡘࡢ㒔ᕷࢆ ᘓタࡋࠊ࠸ࢃࡤᅜᐙࡢྡᏳࡢࡓࡵࠊ㞄᥋ࡍ ࡿࡢ㒔ᕷࡼࡾࡶࠊࡑࡢ୍ࡘࡢ㒔ᕷࢆඃ㉺ࡉࡏࡿ ࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢ㒔ᕷࡽࡢᑠ㒔ᕷࡣ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ㔜せ ࡞ࡘ࠸࡚ᣦ♧ࢆཷࡅࡿࡁ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ19㸧ࠋ ᆅᇦࡈ୰ᚰ㒔ᕷࢆࡘࡃࡿࡇࡀᅜᐙࡢ┈࡞ࡿࠊ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡢࡔࡀࠊᘬ⏝⟠ᡤ⥆ࡃ㒊ศ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀ ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡀእ㒊ࡽࡢᨷᧁᑐࡋࠊᙉ࠸㜵ᚚ ຊࢆⓎࡍࡿࡇࡶࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࢆඃ㐝ࡍࡁ⌮⏤ࡋ ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ20)ࠋ ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢ㜵ᚚຊࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡀ⠏ࢀࡿ௨๓ࡣࠊ ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ㸦ࡃࣀ࣮ࣇ࢛࣮ࢡ㸧ࡣࠊࣆࢡࢺேࠊࢧࢡ ࢯࣥேࠊࢹ࣮ࣥே࡞ࡢ␎ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࡁࡓࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷᡂ❧௨ᚋࡣࠊࡇࡢᆅ᪉እᅜໃຊࡀୖ㝣ࡋࡓ ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ 21)ࠋࡲࡓࠊ1381 ᖺࡢ࣡ࢵࢺ࣭ࢱ࣮ࣛ ࡼࡿ㎰Ẹ୍ᥡࡢ㝿ࡣࠊࣀ࣮ࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࡸࢧࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࢆⲨ ࡽࡋࡲࢃࡗࡓ⪅ࡀࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷෆࡶධࡋࡓࡶࡢ ࡢࠊᕷẸࡢዧᡓࡼࡾᧁ㏥ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 22)ࠋ࡞࡛ࡶࠊࡶ ㏆ୡࢠࣜࢫᆅ᪉㒔ᕷࡢṔྐླྀ㏙̿̿ࢢ࣮ࣞࢺ࣭࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢሙྜ̿̿ࠉࠉࡗࡶヲ⣽ླྀ㏙ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࠊ1549 ᖺࡢࢣࢵࢺࡢ ࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢά㌍࡛࠶ࡿ23)ࠋ ࢣࢵࢺࡢࡣࠊ1549 ᖺࣀ࣮ࣇ࢛࣮ࢡ࡛ࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭ ࢣࢵࢺࡽࡀᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࠊᅖ࠸㎸ࡳᑐࡍࡿ㎰Ẹ୍ᥡ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ16 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓ Alexander Neville ࡼࡿࣛࢸࣥㄒࡢⴭసࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵ ࣉࡶ୍㒊ࡇࡢⴭస౫ᣐࡋࡓࡇࢆㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⪅ ࡓࡕࡀࠊࣀ࣮ࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࡢ୰ᚰ㒔ᕷࣀࣜࢵࢪࢆᨷ␎ࡍࡿ࠶ ࡓࡾࡢླྀ㏙ࡣࠊࢿࣦࣝࡢⴭసࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ 24㸧ࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ㌷ࡀࡑࡢᚋࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࢆᨷᧁ┠ᶆࡋ࡚ ࡽࡣࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢ⊂⮬ࡢྐᩱࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊླྀ㏙ࡶࣜ ࣝ࡞ࡶࡢኚࢃࡿࠋ ࡑࡶࡑࡶࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡀࢣࢵࢺࡢࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿ≺ ࠸ࡣఱࠋ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࡛࠘ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺㏙ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ࣋ࣜࣇࡓࡕࡀ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࢆ㜵⾨ࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࡢࡼ࠺ὀពࢆᡶࡗࡓࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᏊᏞࡽ᭩ࡁ グࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡀࠊ࠶⥆ࡃୡ௦ࡗ ࡚ࠊྠᵝࡢฟ᮶ࡀ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᑐࡋ࡚࡚ࡽࢀࡓ ࡁࡢࠊࡦࡘࡢඛ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺25)ࠋ ᚋୡࡢᨭ㓄ᒙᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ༴ᶵࡢ㝿ࡢᑐᛂࡢ᪉ࢆᩍカ ࡋ࡚ṧࡍࠊ࠸࠺ពᅗࡀ㎸ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡼࡿࠊ㌷ࡣᅜ⋤ࡢഇࡢ௧ࢆࡉ ࢇⓎࡋ࡚ࠊ㌷ࡢ㣗⣊ࡢᥦ౪࡞ࢆせồࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࡑࡢ௧ᩥࡶ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 26)ࠋ ࿘㎶ࡢࡑࡢࡢ㒔ᕷࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡀࡇࢀࡽࡢ せồᛂࡌ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ㌷ࡣ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷᑐࡋ࡚ ᨷᧁࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋḟ♧ࡍࡢࡣࠊ㌷ࡢ༠ ຊࢆᣄࢇࡔ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢ࣋ࣜࣇࡽᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ1549 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 26 ᪥ᯡᐦ㝔ࡀ㏦ࡗࡓ⛠㈶ࡢᡭ⣬ࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣࠊࡇࡢᡭ⣬ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࢺ࣐ࢫ࣭࢘ࢵࢻ ࣁ࢘ࢫ㸦Thomas Woodhouse㸧ࡽࠊ࠶࡞ࡓ᪉ࡀࠊ ᚐᑐࡋ࡚ㄔᐇࡶᢠࢆ⥆ࡅࡓࡢሗ࿌ࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ㛫ࡢ࠶࡞ࡓ᪉ࡢᑾຊࢆࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ㧗ࡃホ౯ࡋࠊ ࡘࠊࡑࢀࢆ⥅⥆ࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆᮃࡴࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᥦ ╩࡛࠶ࡿ࢘ࢵࢻࣁ࢘ࢫࡀࡑࡕࡽྥࡗࡓࡀࠊᙼ ⯪Ỉኵࡢ௧ࡀጤࡡࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࠶࡞ࡓ᪉ࡶᙼ ᚑ࠺ࡼ࠺27)ࠋ ㌷ࡣࠊࢧࣇ࢛࣮ࢡഃࡽࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷ ࡢ༡ഃࡽᨷᧁࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀᑐࡍࡿ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷഃࡢᑐ ᛂࡣࠊḟࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᚐࡣ㹙࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢ༡᪉ࡢ㹛ࢦ࣮ࣞࢫࢺࣥࡢࡢእ ࢀ㹙ࢧࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࡢ ⏫㹛࣮ࣟࢫࢺࣇࢺ࡛ዣࡗࡓ ◙㸴㛛ࢆタ⨨ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫྥࡅࡓࠋᕷẸࡣࡑࢀ ࢆᐹ▱ࡋ࡚ࠊࡶࡣࡸ୍้ࡢ㐜ࢀࡶチࡉࢀࡠ⪃࠼ࠊ ᚐࡀ◙ࢆకࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀ௨ୖ࣮࣐ࣖࢫ᥋㏆ࡍࡿ ๓ࠊ㎿㏿㏄࠼ᧁࡘࡁ⪃࠼ࡓࠋ͐ࡑࡇ࡛࣋ ࣜࣇࡽ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡣࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢ 㞄᥋ࡍࡿᆅ ࠊᩘேࡢຬᩒ࡞ᕷẸࢆᐦ㏦ࡾ㎸ࢇࡔࠋࡑࡢ ᆅ࡛ࡣ⚄ࡢᦤ⌮ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᖸࡋⲡࡀࡁ࡞ᒣ࡞ࡗ ࡚✚ࢇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᕷẸࡣࡇࡢᖸࡋⲡⅆࢆࡘࡅࠊ⚄ ࡢ㓄៖ࠊ㢼࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ↮ࡀᩛࡢ㢦㠃┤᥋ ྿ࡁࡅࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᩛࡣ┠ࡀࡩࡉࡀࢀࠊࢃ ࡀ᪉ࡢ㌷ໃࢆぢࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࢃࡀ㌷ࡣࠊ 㒊㝲࡛ᩛ᥋㏆ࡋࠊ⃭ࡋࡃᡓࡋࡓࡢࡕࠊࡘ࠸ ࡣᩛࢆ⥲ᔂࢀࡉࡏࠊከࡃࢆẅᐖࡋࠊ30 ேࡢᤕࢆᤕ ࠼ࠊᤕ⋓ࡋࡓᩛࡢ 6 㛛ࡢ◙ࡶࡶࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫ 㐃ࢀᖐࡗࡓ28)ࠋ ࣋ࣜࣇࡢ㐺ษ࡞ุ᩿ࡼࡾࠊ୍✀ࡢወくᨷᧁࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ ࡛㌷ࢆᧁ㏥ࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡌࡘࡣࠊࡇࢀࡣ ㌷ࡀႚࡋࡓ᭱ึࡢᩋ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ29)ࠋ ḟࠊ㌷ࡣࣀ࣮ࣇ࢛࣮ࢡഃࠊࡘࡲࡾࡽࡶᨷᧁ ࢆࡅࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡶ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢ◙ࡢ◙ᧁࢆཷࡅ࡚ ᧁ㏥ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊ1549 ᖺ 8 ᭶ᮎᅜ⋤㌷ࡼࡾ㙠ᅽࡉ ࢀࡓ30)ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢླྀ㏙ࡢᚋࠊ࣋ࣜࣇࢆࡣ ࡌࡵࡋࡓ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢᨭ㓄ᒙࡀࡗࡓᑐ⟇ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ1549 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 17 ᪥ࡣࠊ࣋ࣜࣇ ࡢ௧ࡀⓎࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍㒊ࢆ௨ୗᘬ⏝ࡍࡿࠋ ୍ࠊ㸶ࡘࡢ༊࡛ࠊᏳᐁຍ࠼࡚ࠊCaptain petty Captain ࢆ୍ேࡎࡘ㑅ฟࡏࡼࠋࡉࡽ࣋ࣜࣇ ࡼࡾ Captain petty Captain ࡀ୍ேࡎࡘ௵ࡉࢀࠊ ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢᏳࢆಖࡘࡓࡵカ⦎ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇࠋ ୍ࠊྛ༊ࡢᏳᐁࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢ༊࡛ࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ⏨ᛶࡀ 㹙ࢣࢵࢺࡢ㹛㝕Ⴀ࠸ࡿࢆㄪࠊࡑࢀࡘ࠸࡚ ࣋ࣜࣇሗ࿌ࡍࡿࡇࠋࡉࡽࠊ㏫ⓗ࡞ゝⴥ ࢆⓎࡋࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿ⪅㸦⏨ዪࡶ㸧ࡢẶྡࢆ࣋ ࣜࣇሗ࿌ࡍࡿࡇࠋࡲࡓࠊᚐࡢጔࡢ࠺ࡕࠊᗄ ேࡀࢣࢵࢺࡢ㝕Ⴀ࠾ࡾࠊᗄேࡀ⮬Ꮿ࠸ࡿࡢ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶሗ࿌ࡏࡼ31)ࠋ ➨୍ࡢ௧࡛ࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᕷẸࡢ୰ࡽ⮫ࡢ ᙺ⫋ࢆ㑅ࡧࠊᕷෆࡢᏳࢆಖࡘࡇࡀࡌࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ ➨ࡢ௧ࡽࡣࠊᕷෆࡢఫẸࡢ୰ࠊຍᢸࡍࡿ ⪅ࡶ࠸ࡓࡽࡋ࠸ࡇࡀ࠺ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࣀࣜࢵࢪᕷ࡞ ࡛ࡶぢࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡛ࠊࣀࣜࢵࢪᕷࡢሙྜࠊᕷෆࡢ✜ ศᏊࡢᏑᅾࡢࡓࡵࠊ㌷ᑐࡋ࡚ᚭᗏⓗᢠࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊࡑࢀࡀࠊ㌷ࡼࡿ༨㡿ࢆᣍ࠸ࡓ୍ᅉ ࡞ࡗࡓ 32)ࠋ࣋ࣜࣇࢆࡣࡌࡵࡋࡓ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢᨭ㓄ᒙ ࠉࠉ7+(*810$̻.2+6(15(9,(:1R
ࡀᜍࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊࡲࡉࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ែ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡌࡘࡣࠊูࡢ⟠ᡤ࡛ࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡣࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢ⛛ ᗎࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡘࡂࡢࡇὀ┠ࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ࡍ࡛㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ㹙࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡣ㹛ᾏ㏆࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ 㹙ேࡸࣔࣀࡢ㹛⾜ࡁ᮶౽࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊ ࡇࡇࡢேࠎࢆ⤫ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ⌮ ⏤ࡣࠊࡇࡇࡢேࠎࡣᅜ᪑ࢆࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊᅜฟ㌟ ࡢேࠎࡶᙼࡽࡢ௰㛫ຍࢃࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ ࡼࡑ⪅ࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᅜ࡛ࠊࡲࡓᵝࠎ࡞ἲࡢࡶ࡛⫱࡚ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢࢇࡀࠊ㹙࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢఫ Ẹࡣ㹛␗࡞ࡿẼ㉁ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ33)ࠋ ேࡢ⾜ࡁ᮶ࡢάⓎ࡞ ⏫ࡺ࠼ࡢၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀ ࢃࡿࠋࡑࢀࡔࡅࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷෆࡢ⛛ᗎࢆᏲࡾࡘࡘࠊ ㌷ࢆᧁ㏥ࡋࡓࡇࡣࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡗ࡚ࡁ࡞ព ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢣࢵࢺࡢከࡃࡢ⣬㠃ࡀࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢࡣᙜ↛࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢླྀ㏙࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣋ࣜࣇࡽ㒔ᕷ ࡢᨭ㓄ᒙࡢά㌍ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡶὀ┠ࡍࡁ࡛ ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋୖ࡛ぢࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ࣋ࣜࣇࡢᕦࡳ࡞ᣦࡼࡾࠊ ㌷ࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࡇࡢⅬࡣࠊ㌷ᒅ᭹ࡋࠊ ᤕ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࣀࣜࢵࢪᕷࡢᕷ㛗ࡓࡕࡣዲᑐ↷ ࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
㸳㸬㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡢᙺ
࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘ࡣࠊ᭱ᚋ⥾ࡵࡃࡃࡾࡋ࡚ࠊ㒔 ᕷࡢᨭ㓄ᒙࡢ㔜せᛶࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࠊᐇ㝿 ࡣࠊࡑࢀ௨๓ࡢ⟠ᡤ࡛ࡶࠊ࣋ࣜࣇࢆࡣࡌࡵࡋࡓ㒔ᕷ ࡢᨭ㓄ᒙࡀ㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀࠊ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢᘓ⠏≀ࢆᢅࡗࡓ⟠ᡤ࡛ࡣࠊ࣋ ࣜࣇࢆࡣࡌࡵࡋࡓ㒔ᕷࡢᨭ㓄ᒙࡀᕷෆࡢᘓ≀ࢆࢥࣥ ࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡿࡇࡀ࠸㔜せࠊࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢࡇࡀᐇ㊶ࡉࢀࡓࡋ࡚ࠊ1571 ᖺࡢᕷཧᕷ ㆟ࡢ௧ࡀ⤂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ௧ࡣࠊᯈ࡛࡛ࡁ ࡓᐙࡸ⸕࡛ⵌ࠸ࡓᒇ᰿ࢆ⚗Ṇࡋࠊྂ࠸ᘓ≀ࡀᔂቯࡍࡿࡲ ࡲ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡶ⚗Ṇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㐪⪅ࡣ⨩㔠ࢆ ⛉ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊⅆ⅏ࡢᑐ⟇ࡢࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ ࡢ௧ࡢᡂᯝࡣࠊ1578 ᖺࡢ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫዪ⋤ࡢᕠᖾ࠾࠸ ࡚⌧ࢀࡓࠋ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘ࡼࡿࠊዪ⋤ྠ⾜ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡓ᭷ຊᨻᐙࣂ࣮࣮ࣜཀ࣒࣭࢘ࣜࢭࢩࣝࣞࢫ ࢱ࣮ࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭ࢲࢻ࣮ࣜࡣࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢᇽࠎࡋࡓࠊ ᆒ㉁ⓗ࡞ᘓ≀ࢆ⤯㈶ࡋࡓ࠸࠺ࠋࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫ ࡢᘓ≀ࡢከࡃࡣࠊࣇࣜࣥࢺࡸࣞࣥ࢞ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊⅆ⅏ ᑐ⟇ࡋ࡚ࠊࢱ࡛ࣝ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ34)ࠋ ࡲࡓ ⏫࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡗ࡚ࡢ᭱㔜せㄢ㢟ࠊ ࡢ⟶⌮ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊᨭ㓄ᒙࡢᙺࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ14 ୡ⣖୰ࡈࢁ ௨㝆ࠊ₻ࡢὶࢀࡢኚࡸᅵ◁ࡢሁ✚ࡢࡓࡵࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷ ࡣᗘࠎ ࢆ⛣ືࡉࡏࡿࡇࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࠊ16 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡲ࡛ ࠊ㒊࡛ 7 ࡘࡢ ࢆᘓタࡋࡓࠋ1560 ᖺᘓタࡀጞࡲࡗ ࡓ 7 ␒┠ࡢ ࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋ㛗࠸㛫ࢃࡓࡗ࡚⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ ࡞ࡿ 35)ࠋࡇࡢ 7 ␒┠ࡢ ࢆࡇᘓタࡍࡿࠊᕤ ࢆ࠸㐍ࡵࡿࠊ࠸ࡗࡓࡣࠊᙜ↛ࠊ࣋ࣜࣇࡸ ᕷཧࠊᕷ㆟ࡀỴᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ௨ୗࡢᘬ⏝⟠ᡤ࡛ࡣࠊ ࡑࡢᵝᏊࡀᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡣࠊ 㸦࠶ࡽࡺࡿၟရࡢ㍺ฟධࡢࡓࡵࡢ ၏୍ࡢᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡿࡤࡾ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡇࡢ⏫ࡢᬽࡽࡋࡢ ࡓࡵࡢࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࡇࡢ⏫ࡢᏑᅾࡢࡓࡵࡢ၏୍ࡢᡭẁ ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸧ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊከࡃࡢࢺࣛࣈࣝࠊᝒ ࡋࡳࠊⱞࡋࡳࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᑡ࡞ࡽࡠⱞປࢆ⪏࠼ᚸࢇ࡛ ࠸ࡓࡀࠊ1560 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 2 ᪥ࠊᕷཧᕷ㆟ࡀྊ 㞟ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢࡁࠊࡑࡢሙ࡛ḟࡢࡼ࠺௧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢఫẸࡣㄡ࡛࠶ࢀⓙ㸦ࢫࣛࣥࢻࡸᾏ ྥࡅࡢ⯪ࢆಟ⌮࣭ᩚഛࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⯪ᕤࡣ㝖࠸࡚㸧ࠊ ḟࡢ᪥᭙ࠊ᭶᭙ࠊⅆ᭙ࠊඛᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓሙᡤ㉱ ࡁࠊ ࢆ῝ࡃὼ ࡋࠊࡑࡇࡽἾᅵࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃࡼ࠺ ࡏࡼࠋ͐ேࠎࡢ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡞Ẽ㉁ࡸࠊ⮬Ⓨⓗ㐍ࢇ࡛ ാࡃᵝᏊࢆ┠ᧁࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊࡢேࡢᚰࢆࡶ႐ࡤࡏ ࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸦≉ࠊࡑࡢேࡀᅜᐙ୍⯡ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡲ ࡓࡾࢃࡅ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷᑐࡋ࡚ㄔᐇ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸧ࠋᗄ ேࡢேࠎࡣࠊయࡢ༙ศࡲ࡛Ỉࡘࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡋࠊ ࡲࡓࠊูࡢேࠎࡣࠊἾᅵ࡛ࡈࢆ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸ࡋ࡚㐠 ࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ36)ࠋ 㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡢᣦࡢୗࠊᕷẸ⥲ฟ࡛ࠊ ࡢᘓタࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ ࡓࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢᐇࡽࠊᕷࡢᨻ࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡢᙺ ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ᥎ࡋ㔞ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡣࠊࡉ ࡽࠊ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡢᙺࠊᏑᅾࡢṇᙜᛶ࡞ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ࡼࡾ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ぢᆅࡽࡶ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊࢠࣝ ࢻ࣮࣍ࣝࡢᘓ≀ࡘ࠸࡚ゐࢀࡓ⟠ᡤࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞グ ㏙ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ ຓゝࡣࠊࢯࢡࣛࢸࢫࡀゝ࠺ࡼ࠺ࠊࠕ⪷࡞ࡿࡶࡢࠖ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣉࣛࢺࣥࡀࡪࡼ࠺ࠊࠕ㒔ᕷయࡢ◽࡛ࠊ ࡑࢀࡢ࠾ࡆ࡛ࠊᾏ࠾ࡅࡿ⯪ྠᵝࠊ㒔ᕷࡣ୍ࡘ ࡢࡇࢁࡲࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠖࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊ ຓゝࡣࠊ⏕≀࠾࠸࡚㟋㨦ࡀ༨ࡵࡿࡢྠࡌ⨨ࢆ ᅜᐙ࠾࠸࡚༨ࡵࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࢃࡅࡣࠊࡍ࡚ ࡢᅜᐙࡣࠊຓゝࡸุ᩿ࡼࡗ࡚ᕥྑࡉࢀࠊຓゝࡸุ ㏆ୡࢠࣜࢫᆅ᪉㒔ᕷࡢṔྐླྀ㏙̿̿ࢢ࣮ࣞࢺ࣭࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢሙྜ̿̿ࠉࠉ᩿ḟ➨࡛ࠊᅜࡀ࠺ࡲࡃࡉࡤࢀࡓࡾࠊࡑ࠺࡛࡞ ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡽࡔࠋ͐ࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊࡁ࡞㒔ᕷ࡛ࡣ ࡇ࡛ࡶࠊ༑ศ࡞ேᩘ㸦ࡓࡔࡋࠊከࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࡇࠋ༴ 㝤ࡺ࠼㸧ࡢ㆟ဨࡀ㑅ࡤࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅜᐙ⯡ ࢃࡿࡢࡓࡵࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࡢ≉ᐃࡢ㒔ᕷࡢ ┈ࡢࡓࡵࠊᙼࡽ㆟ဨࡀࠊ⾜ᨻᐁࡼࡗ࡚ྊ㞟ࡉࢀ ࡓࡾࠊ✺↛ࡢฟ᮶ࡼࡾฟᖍࡀᚲせࡉࢀࡓሙྜ ࠊ୍ᇽࡍࡿࡢዲ㒔ྜ࡞ሙᡤࢆ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊୖ࡛㏙ࡓࢠࣝࢻ࣮࣍ࣝࡣࠊࡲࡉ ࡇࡢ┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵᘓ࡚ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ37)ࠋ ᕷཧࡸᕷ㆟ࡀᚲせࡉࢀࡿ⌮⏤ࡀࠊྂࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ ࡘࡘࠊㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡢ㒔ᕷࡢ㐠ࢆᕥྑࡍࡿุ ᩿ࢆጤࡡࡽࢀࡓᏑᅾ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊᙼࡽ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡣࠊ⮬ࡽㄢࡏࡽࢀࡓ௵ົ ࡢࡁࡉࢆ⮬ぬࡋࠊ⫋ົㄔᐇບࡴࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ ࡀࠊࡑࡢࡇࡣࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢ࠶ࡿ⩦័ࡽࡶ࠺ࡀ࠺ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀࡶࢠࣝࢻ࣮࣍ࣝࡘ࠸࡚ゐࢀࡓ⟠ᡤ ࡽࡢᘬ⏝࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠶࡞ࡓ᪉ࠊୖ࡛㏙ࡓࢠࣝࢻ࣮࣍ࣝࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ࠶ ࡿ≉ู࡞ࢆ࠾ఏ࠼ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ⚾ࡀ⪃࠼ࡿࠊ༑ศ ὀ┠್ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢠࣝࢻ࣮࣍ࣝࡣࠊඛ ぢࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᩍࡢ㏆ࡃ⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊᕷ ㆟ࡢ㆟ဨࡣⓙࠊᩍࡸᆅᇙⴿࡉࢀࡿ๓ࠊࢠ ࣝࢻ࣮࣍ࣝࡢᆅୗ㐠ࡤࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊṚయࡢ㢦 ࡀୖྥࡁ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡓࡶࠊᙼࡀⰋ࠸ຓ ゝࡸᝏ࠸ຓゝࢆ࠼ࡓࡾࠊᝏྠពࢆ࠼ࡓࡾࡋ ࡚ࡁࡓሙᡤࢆὀどࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ ࡣ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ࠊᙼࡽࡀṚࡍࡁ㐠࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࢆᛮ࠸㉳ࡉࡏࠊᙼࡽ⮬ࡽࡢࡿ⯙࠸ࠊࡼࡾ୍ ᒙࡢὀពࢆᡶࢃࡏࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊⓙ࡛㞟࠺ࠊṚ⪅ࢆ కࡗ࡚ࠊṚࡍࡁ㐠ࢆ㉳ࡋࡓ࠸࠺࢚ࢪࣉࢺே ࡢ⩦័ఝ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡶ࡞࠸38)ࠋ ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢወጁ࡞័⩦ࢆ⤂ࡋࡘࡘࠊ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡀ㈇ ࠺ࡁཝ⢔࡞⩏ົࡢࡇὀពࢆಁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡢᏑᅾࡢṇᙜᛶࢆࠊࡼࡾ⌮ㄽⓗ ࡞ᙧ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘ࡢ⥾ࡵࡃࡃࡾ ࡢ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡢࠗᨻᏛ࠘౫ ᣐࡋ࡚ࠊᅜᐙࡸ㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿἲࡢ㔜せᛶࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡀゝ࠺ࡼ࠺ࠊࡍ࡚ࡢᅜᐙࡣࠊ୍ ࡘࡢඹྠయ࡛࠶ࡾࠊඹྠయ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࢀࡶࠊၿ ࡁࡶࡢࢆ┠ᶆࡍࡃ࠶ࡽࡌࡵᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢඹྠయ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊከᵝ࡞ேࠎࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚ ࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢேࠎࡣࠊෆ㠃ⓗࡣ␗࡞ࡿᛶ᱁࡛ᵓᡂࡉ ࢀࠊእ㠃ⓗࡣᵝࠎ࡞⫋ᴗ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ㌟యࡢᶵ⬟ࡢ␗࡞ࡿᵝࠎ࡞㒊ศࡀࠊಶࠎࡢேࢆᵓᡂ ࡋࠊࡑࡢᵝࠎ࡞㒊ศࡀ㨦ࡼࡗ࡚ㄪ㐩ࡋࠊ୍ࡘ ࡢ⮬↛ⓗ㌟యࢆసࡾฟࡍࠋࡑࢀྠࡌࡼ࠺ࠊᵝࠎ ࡞ேࠎࡽᡂࡿࡢᅜᐙࡶࠊⰋࡁἲࡼࡾࠊ୍ࡘࡢ ᕷẸ♫㸦civil society㸧ኚᐜࡉࢀࠊ୍ࡘࡢᨻ యࢆసࡾฟࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ㒔ᕷ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞ἲࡣࠊ࠶ࡓࡶ㌟య࠾ࡅࡿ⢭⚄ྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ⮬↛ⓗ㌟యࡣ⢭⚄ࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤṚ⁛ࡍࡿࡼ ࠺ࠊ⤫ࡢࡓࡵࡢἲࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊᨻయࡣ⁛ஸࡋ ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡽ39)ࠋ ࡋࡋࠊᅜᐙࡸ㒔ᕷ⛛ᗎࢆ࠼ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆᏑ⥆ࡉࡏࡿ ࡣࠊἲࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋୖࡢᘬ⏝ᩥ⥆ࡃ⟠ ᡤ࡛ࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⰻࡁἲࡶࠊࡑࢀ⏕ࢆ࠼ࡿ⾜ᨻᐁ 㸦magistrates㸧ࡀ࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊᅜᐙᜠᜨࢆ࠼ࡿ ࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾜ᨻᐁࡣࠊ Ⰻࡁἲྠᵝᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊᮏᙜࡢࡇ ࢆゝ࠺ࠊⰋࡁἲࡣࠊ⾜ᨻᐁࡀ࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊࡃ ┈ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡽࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ㸦⾜ ᨻᐁࡀᙉไࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸧ࡔࢀࡶⰋࡁἲࢆ㑂Ᏺࡋࡼ࠺ ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࡽࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡘࢆẚࢀࡤࠊ⾜ᨻᐁ ࡢ᪉ࡀࠊⰋࡁἲࡼࡾࡶࡣࡿᚲせ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ 40)ࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢἲࢆᇳ⾜ࡍࡿ⾜ᨻᐁࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢሙྜ࡛࠶ࢀ ࡤࠊ࣋ࣜࣇࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡢᙺࡀྍḞ࡞ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽࠊࡇࢀ⥆ࡃ⟠ᡤ࡛ࡣࠊே㛫ࢆྵࡴࡍ࡚ࡢ⏕ ≀ࡣᨭ㓄᭹ᚑࡼࡗ࡚⏕Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࠊ௧ࡸ᭹ᚑ ࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊᅜᐙࡣ㢌ࡢ࡞࠸⬗యࡸ㌟యࢆࡶࡓࡠ㢌ࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ୍༉ࡢࣔࣥࢫࢱ࣮࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࠊᨭ㓄 ࡍࡿ⪅ࡣ⚄ࡼࡾࢆ࠼ࡽࢀࡓᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊ࡞ ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࠊ⾜ᨻᐁࡼࡿᨭ㓄ࡀࠊᅜᐙࡸ㒔ᕷࢆᡂ❧ ࡉࡏࡿᇶᮏⓗせ⣲࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ぢゎࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿ 41㸧ࠋ ୍ぢࡋ࡚᫂ࡽ࡞ࡼ࠺ࠊ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡢᶒ㝈ࡣࠊ୍⯡ࡢ ᕷẸࡽጤクࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡴࡋࢁࠊ ୖࡽࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊ⚄ࡸྩࡽ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ⌮ゎࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᨻ⛛ᗎࡘ࠸࡚ࡢぢゎࡣࠊ⌧ᐇࡢ࣮࣐ࣖ ࢫᕷࡢไᗘࡶྜ⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࣮࣐ࣖࢫࡢᨭ㓄ᒙࡣ㛢㙐 ⓗ࡞࣮࣮࢜ࣜ࢞࢟ࠊᐻ㢌ᨭ㓄ᒙࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ2 ྡࡢ ࣋ࣜࣇࡣࠊ24 ྡࡢᕷཧဨࡢ୰ࡽ㑅ࡤࢀࡓࠋᕷཧ ဨḞဨࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡁࡣࠊ48 ྡࡢᕷ㆟㆟ဨࡢ୰ ࡽ⿵ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᪂௵ࡢᕷ㆟㆟ဨࡣࠊᕷཧ ᕷ㆟ࡢྜྠ㆟࡛ࡢᣦྡࡼࡾ㑅ฟࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓ 42)ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄 ᒙࡘ࠸࡚ࡢླྀ㏙ࡣࠊ⌧ᐇࡢᐻ㢌ᨭ㓄ࡢ୍➃ࢆࠊ⫯ᐃⓗ ࠉࠉ7+(*810$̻.2+6(15(9,(:1R
ホ౯࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢ୍᪉ࠊ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉ ࡀఏ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡞࠸⌧ᐇࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋRichard Cust ࡢㄽᩥࡀ ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘ࡀᡂࡋ ࡓ 1619 ᖺࡢᚋࠊ1620 ᖺ௦ࡽ 30 ᖺ௦ࡅ࡚ࠊ࣮࣐ࣖ ࢫᕷࡢᨭ㓄ᒙෆ㒊࡛ࠊከᩘὴࡢࣆࣗࣜࢱࣥᑡᩘὴࡢ ࣆࣗࣜࢱࣥࡢ㛫࡛⃭ࡋ࠸ᢠதࡀ⧞ࡾᗈࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋ୧ὴ ࡣ࠸ᐑᘐࡢ᭷ຊ⪅㐃ᦠࢆࡾࡘࡘࠊࡋࡢࡂࢆ๐ࡾ ྜ࠸ࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡣศࡢ༴ᶵℜࡍࡿࡇ ࡞ࡗࡓ 43)ࠋ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡀᇳ➹ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ 1610 ᖺ௦ࡣࠊ ࡍ࡛ศࡢೃࡣ࠶ࡽࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ ࡇࡢࡇࡣ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘ࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊ୍ษྲྀࡾୖࡆ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌧ᐇࡣࠊ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡢᏑᅾᇶ ┙ࢆᦂࡿࡀࡋࡡ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚋୡఏ࠼ࡿࡁࡶ ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘ ࡢ୰࡛ླྀ㏙ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉ ࡼࡗ࡚㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡓࠕṔྐ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
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࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡀ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࡛࠘ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࡣ ከᒱࢃࡓࡿࡀࠊయࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡋ࡚㔜Ⅼࡀ࠾ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡣࠊ࣋ࣜࣇࢆࡣࡌࡵࡋࡓ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡀ 㒔ᕷࡢᨻ࠾࠸࡚ᯝࡓࡋࡓᙺࡢ㔜せᛶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓゝ ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶࠊᮏ᭩ࡢࡓࡿㄞ⪅ࡋ࡚ᐃࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡓࡢࡣࠊᙼࡽ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡗ ࡚㔜࡞༴ᶵ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢣࢵࢺࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡢླྀ㏙࠾ ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ࣋ࣜࣇࡽ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡢⓗ☜࡞ᣦࡢ࠾ࡆ࡛ࠊ ࣀࣜࢵࢪᕷ࡞ࡣᑐ↷ⓗࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡀᚐࢆᧁ㏥ ࡛ࡁࡓࡇࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽᮏ᭩ࡢ⤖ㄽ㒊ศ࡛ ࡣࠊࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࢆࡣࡌࡵࡋࡓྂࡽࡢᘬ⏝ᇶ ࡙ࡁࡘࡘࠊ୍㒊ࡢᕷẸࡓࡕᶒຊࡀ㞟୰ࡍࡿᐻ㢌ᨭ㓄ࡢ ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆṇᙜࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ⌧ ᐇࡢ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢᶒຊศᕸࢆ᭩ࡁࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᪉ࠊ⌧ᐇࡢ㒔ᕷᨭ㓄ᒙࡢෆ㒊࡛ࡣࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢ௦ ࡍ࡛ࣆࣗࣜࢱࣥᑐࣆࣗࣜࢱࣥࡢෆ㒊ᑐ❧ࡀ㐍⾜ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡣࡑࡢࡇࡣࡦ ࡲࡎ⬥⨨࠸࡚ࠊ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘ࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊ㒔ᕷ ᨭ㓄ᒙࡢ⌮ⓗ࡞ጼࢆᥥࡃࡇດࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢṔྐླྀ㏙ࡣࠊྠ௦ࡢࡢ㒔 ᕷࡸᕞࡘ࠸࡚ࡢṔྐླྀ㏙ẚ㍑ࡋࡓሙྜࠊࢀࡢ ୍⯡ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࡢࠋࡲࡓࠊ 18 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡢ Henry Swinden ࡼࡿࡶࡢࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢṔྐࡣ ࡇࢀ௨㝆ࡶ⦅⧩ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ࣮࣐ࠗࣖࢫࡢṔྐ࠘ࡢṔ ྐほࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢࡼ࠺ཷᐜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠋࡇࢀࡽ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ὀ1) ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢไᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊP. Rutledge (ed.), Great
Yarmouth Assembly Minutes 1538-1545 (Norfolk Record
Society, vol. 39)(1970), pp. 1-24. ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷࡢேཱྀࡘ ࠸࡚ࡣࠊClark ( 2000), p. 384.
2) ࣐ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊTittler (2001), pp. 121-139. 3) Henry Manship, The History of Great Yarmouth, ed. C. J.
Palmer (Great Yarmouth, 1854)㸦௨ୗ Manship, History ␎グ㸧. 4) Tittler (1998), pp. 288-290. ࠊ Ckark (1983)ࡸࠊ Sweet(1997)ࡶྠᵝ㧗ࡃホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 5) Manship, History, pp. 189-190. 6) Manship, History, pp. 109-110. 7) Manship, History, pp. 10-11. ࣮࣐ࣖࢫᕷ࿘㎶ࡢᇛࡀᘓタ ࡉࢀࡓᖺ௦ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࣒࢝ࢹࣥࡢぢゎࢆᢈุࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 8) Manship, History, pp. 19-20. ࡕ࡞ࡳࠊ࣮࣋ࢲࡢࠗࣥ ࢢࣟࢧࢡࢯࣥᖺ௦グ࡛࠘ࡣࠊࢳ࢙ࣝࢹࢵࢳࡣ 495 ᖺ ࣁ ࣥ ࣉ ࢩ ࣕ ࣮ ୖ 㝣 ࡋ ࡓ ࡇ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ Fleming (2011), p. 91. 9) Manship, History, p. 20. 10) Tittler (2001), pp. 129-130.
11) Manship, History, pp. 21-22. ⦅⪅ࡢ Palmer ࡼࡿࠊ ᐇ㝿ࡣࠊ ࡢ≉ᶒࡣ 13 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡽ 14 ୡ⣖ึ㢌 ࡢ࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻ 1 ୡࡢ௦ㄆྍࡉࢀࡓࠋ Manship, History, p. 216. 12) Manship, History, p. 22. 13) Collinson (2001). 14) Manship, History, pp. 38-40. 15) Manship, History, pp. 33-38. 16) Manship, History, pp. 52-55. 17) Manship, History, p. 53. 18) Manship, History, pp. 54-55. 19) Manship, History, pp. 139-140. 20) Manship, History, p. 142. 21) Manship, History, pp. 142-143. 22) Manship, History, pp. 143-144. 23) Manship, History, pp. 144-157. 24) Manship, History, pp. 145-146. ࢣࢵࢺࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ Fletcher and MacCulloch (1997), pp. 64-80 ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
25) Manship, History, pp. 154-155. 26) Manship, History, pp. 147-148. 27) Manship, History, p. 147. 28) Manship, History, pp. 151-153. 29) Fletcher and MacCulloch (1997), p. 69.
30) Manship, History, pp. 153-154. 31) Manship, History, pp. 154-156.
32) Fletcher and MacCulloch (1997), pp. 67-68. 33) Manship, History, pp. 135-136. 34) Manship, History, pp. 64-65. 35) Dean (1990), pp. 42-43. 36) Manship, History, pp. 89-91. 37) Manship, History, pp. 55-56. 38) Manship, History, pp. 56-57. 39) Manship, History, pp. 190-191. 40) Manship, History, p. 191. 41) Manship, History, pp. 191-192. 42) Rutledge (1970), pp. 6-8; Gauci (1996), p. 22. 43) Cust (1992). ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 3ULPDU\6RXUFHV
Manship, Henry, The History of Great Yarmouth, ed. C. J. Palmer (Great Yarmouth, 1854).
P. Rutledge (ed.), Great Yarmouth Assembly Minutes 1538-1545 (Norfolk Record Society, vol. 39)(1970).
6HFRQGDU\6RXUFHV
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1540-1640 (Stanford, 2001). ࣮ࣟࢬ࣐࣮࣭ࣜࢫ࣮࢘ࢺ㸦ຍኴᗣᏕヂ㸧ࠕࣥࢢࣛࣥ ࢻᆅ᪉୰᰾㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿ⮬ᕫࡢᵓ⠏㒔ᕷẸព㆑ࡢᵓ ⠏――1660 ᖺࡽ 1800 ᖺࡲ࡛ࠖࠊΏ㎶ᾈ୍ࠊࣦࢿ ࢵࢧ࣭ࣁ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ⦅ࠗ⮬ᕫㄒࡾグ᠈ࡢẚ㍑㒔ᕷྐ࠘ 㸦ຮㄔฟ∧ࠊ2015 ᖺ㸧ࠋ ࠉࠉ7+(*810$̻.2+6(15(9,(:1R
Historical Writing of an Early Modern English Provincial Town:
in the Case of Great Yarmouth.
Tsuyoshi MIYAGAWA
Henry Manship served as a town clerk of Great Yarmouth in the later 16th and the early 17th centuries, which was the greatest herring port in England and one of the most important trading ports in East Anglia. He completed History of Great Yarmouth in 1619, which was one of the most remarkable achievements in historical writing in the seventeenth-century England. History of Great
Yarmouth is not only a chronicle of a provincial town; it also offers a detailed narrative description of the town’s natural and built
environment, the town’s relations with the rival ports, and the origins and authority of Yarmouth’s government. Manship places a special emphasis on the importance of the ruling elites in the town to the well-ordered commonwealth. He offers a detailed description of Kett's Rising in 1549, demonstrating how bailiffs, the heads of the town, took command of the troops of townsmen and drove the rebels back. He gives us a full narrative of the several successive efforts by ruling elites to rebuild the haven of the town. And he gives grounds for the oligarchic rule of the town by citing and making use of a number of classical writers including Aristotle. On the other hand, he does not mention any divisions among the ruling elites between Puritan and non-Puritan factions, which would fatally deepen a few years after he put down his pen. In conclusion, Manship’s history must certainly be seen as an effort to use the past as a means of legitimizing the prevailing distribution of power in the government of Great Yarmouth in his own time.
