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(1)Macronuclear. Reorganization Cell. Cycle. Process. Euplotes. of. in. Vegetative. a. eurystomus. By. Minoru. SAITO. Introduction The. most. unlque. still. Generally. speaking,. the. studies･8,…,29･51). or. but. autogamy･. and･. karyon. by. To. process an. because. stage,. Studies changes. of to. us. most. in the the. the. dimorphism. suffers. and. of the. process. useful. collected in those size,. the. 3二Shaped to. of from. the materials ponds. Fujisawa, arrangement macronucleus,. PIERSON's. in both. mitotically or. syn-. of. of. the. for. the. the. of. the. description.33). macronuclear. con-. chromatin investigate. to. Euplotes,. of. an. its. at. which,. nuclear-reorganization.54) in. connection. dealt. species. to. us. with. with. of here. structural. E･ eurystomus will. inqulrleS. make. the. be into. have. one. the. of. the. nuclear. macronucleus.. and. used here are Kamakura and in. in. macronucleus. worthwhile. in the macronucleus. materials. properties. seems. process. elements that. of the. macronucleus. Materials Some. as. well. con)ugation from the. reformed the. of. structure it. the. reorganization. viewpoint and. others,. as. is one of cbromosomes of the most functional in the slgniBcance of binuclearity are fragmental results of these investigations. solve. type. chromatin. adequate. after. is. rigidly･ has. macronucleus. physiologlCal, to divide continues. organization. smallness and nebulous In solving the problem,. predivisional. and. distribution. and however,. differentiated. the. while. however,. wbicb,. thoroughly. degenerate. to. and. the. of. elements･. orderly. the. of. to. us. Unfortunately,. ciliates･. attention,. nuclear. genetic,. former. the. protozoa-the. endopolyploidization.. structure. for. of. GRELL7･11). examination. the with nection important things. led. of. basis. is destined. to. according. the. make. latter. the. general. is diploid,. And. morphologlCal･ meiotically･. of. the. on. ciliated. investigating. micronucleus. polyploid. of of. object. worthy. the. considered. characteristics. been. something. remains. been. the. Of. long. dimorphism-has. Kanagawa peristome materials. Methods Kall. stocks. are. some. and stocks. Prefecture･ and. that. mentioned. With of. the. above,. Ka-2 Fu-1. of E. eurystomus and. regard. to. membranelles, accurately. Fu-2. from. their. body. and. the. correspond.

(2) M.. 2. infusion. wheat another. Add. Chilomonas. then. and. it. after. was. the. in. of面heat. grains. minutes.. for. used. medium,. 4. HyMAN16). of. SAITO. of. cooled,. ca.. Paramecium. liver. of. and. :. boiled. mediu甲WaS was. extract. inoculated. was. stocks,. follows. as. prepared. Chalkley's 5mg. the. maintaining. was. observations,. lOOml. was. for. used. there. for. there. added. food. as. serve. to. 10. organisms. Two however, the. blue,. and. these. was. methyl. buffer.. acetate. bydrat･ed. After in. RNase.L. Donald's. green-pyronin Acetic. vould. pretreated solution. the. buffer those. at. were. vations.. with de-. were. For. caedax･ were. incubated. lmg/ml. of. alcohol. stained. after丘Ⅹation. with. of tbe丘ne. observations. purpose. of. ascertaining or. structure. Mc-. methyl. cohere. 2mm.. the. ln. stop. of. object. of the. place. lens system. objectives. of Tiyoda). the. with. 0.01M. NaOH. alcohol. and. stained. for. used structure. were. tho.se of. (N.A.,. obser-. chromatin. 1.3). contrast. phase. a. with. microscope. of living. for the observation. used. animals. lens A. condensor.. elements. those or. were. oil immersion. ordinary was. detail. ln. analizing. LeitzLaChromatic. a. used. we. apochromatic. cbromatin. cbromatin. together,. was. alcohol. the. of. the. whether. partly. acetic. with. 0.002M KCN for 1-5 minutes, solution with were for 0.511 minute, fixed in acetic then and. elements,. 4.7. pH. in. 7.0 with. pH. last of. preparations. acetic. sections,. stainlng. individuality. their. With. (NDL. Mcllvain's. The. at. mounted. with. acetic. toluidine. green,. adjusted. then. and. Carnoy's. or. stainin-g･. sectioned. sections丘Ⅹed. orcein. proplOnic for minute. acetic orcein. Zeiss and Leitz. central. butanol,. digestion,. After. For keep. total. within. mixture. or. used. elements.. in. 60oC. at. and. or. which,. kept. were. media. for. KuRNICK24). growth,. rapid. solution Feulgen-fast used. the. digestion,. (RNase). strong. were. to. tertiary. These. period.. mixture. staining,. a. showed. bematoxylin,. iron. according. overnight. ribonuclease forト2 hours. long. a. green-pyronin. prepared. medium. Flemming's. Heidenhain's. (1 3).. alcohol. in. were丘Ⅹed. :. mostly. for. not且ourished of 22-25oC.. range. this. after,. did. Materials. with. days. three. or. specimens･. OhservatiorLS I ln was. the. band,. other division cycle The and narrow. into. the. Type. paper,42'a. previous. divided. the. Ordinary. three. into. Reorganization. of. division. cycle. stages-resting, two. phases-resting. of structural elements. band ordinarily. reconstruction. the. plane. duplication. in､tbe plane.. of the. macronucleus of Euplotes divisional-and, on and. predivisional, duplication, and. reorganization. zone,. Process. of the. consists. rear.. These. The three. latter. in. solution. planes. plane into. merges are. to. regard. the. closely. the. ahead third linked.

(3) Reorga･nization. Nuclear. together,. emerge. which. both. at. ends. in Euplotes. move. and. to. up. the. middle. of. the. trace. of. the. macronucleus. The. elongated. at. both. but. band,. reorganization a. ends,. resolution. stage. (Pl. I, Figs.. enters. into. the. predivisional. of. the. translocating. the. -and. other. structure. the. We six. phases-the. The. part. resting,. preparation,. from to. found丘ve. are. to. preparation. is. solution. but. reconstruction,. the. it. vesicular. or丘brous. It is apparent, its. macronuclear the. its. the. changes. of. changes. of the. ⅠI. Before must. examine,丘rst. Resting Tbe. their. seen. of of. be. may. phase, its. in. called. 丘ne "the. are. tO. Successive the. due. a. less. but. that. tbeir丘Ⅹed. positions.. manifestation. of. transform〉ations. the. whether themselves,. elements due. or. to. of. the. gradational. macronucleus.. Ordinary. of modes. to. translocation,. it is left unsettled in. the. consideration. band. in. regular. Cell. the. phase. phases. and. of. distinguished. easily. solution. is much. gradual,. very. morpbologlCal. below,. Phases. from. tbat. the. of. the. of. probable. of all, the. is. embedded,. conditions. transition. phase. duplication. to. Changes. they早re. The. succes-. abrupt･. from. dtle. or. like. just. still remain is. adjacently. phases.. spite. mentioned. are. into. paylng. in. into. Cycle alterations, intervening. the. their. variations.. show. considerable. we. Phase. chromatin. shape. terms. all. ones,. lies. which. of the macronucleuβ. preparation. band. Judging. pbysiologlCal. of. to. elements. in which. Analysis. macronucleus. similar. arranged. abrupt,. that,. the. movement. inquiring. transitional. A.. that. which. matrix. take. resting. preparation. and. stage. is rather. mind. condition･. and. the. the. the. of. reconstruction. cbromatin. elements. band. in. therefore,. physiological. late. macronucleus. stage. phases,. fairly. from. that. kept. be. must. band,. somewhat. transitional. The ftom transition resting abrupt. from duplication to post-duplication Now. to. to. duplication and reconstruction, both in the time-elapslng and in. solution,. six. other,. of. interdivisional. the. the. each. the the. band. of the begins. threads. (Fig. 1).. are phases, which Between order. those. to. no. stage. of. is. band. arranged. sively. emergence. features. post-duplication spatial. the into. divisional. the. of. has. resting. shows. of the. rear. divide. therefore. early. emergence. band. phase ”. phase. can. the. stage. before granules. the. stage.. the. early. post-duplication. At. 9, 10).. par亡at. to. from. transition. means. resting. hours. its vesicular. of. which. the. two. about. place,. in front. in. macronucleus. and. which in animals,. are. forms. of. resolved. either. this. Most. structure.. transient. in. elements. the. of single. 丘nally. isolated. phase. however,. them,. into. or. type. aggregated fine threads.. (Pl･ Ⅰ, Figs･. 9,. 10). be. can. or. All. well. variation. in. explained. in. the. of these. mass-cultured.. forms. elements, can. By. be this.

(4) 4. M.. means. the. can. 1.. Early. The. Resting. ERl*.. A. in diameter,. of be. may. be. can. rare. occasion畠a. surface.. Frequently, as. regarded. into. the. early. late. and. for. classi丘ed,. phases.. a. number. 0.5 /J. 〕. Or. a. is. structure. build. connecting. little larger. seen a. up. ERl. the. (Fig. 2, Pl. Ⅰ,. portion. ERl's. of. intermediat占form. an. 1p. thread-like. short. into. convenience'sake,. spherical vesicular granule, about deeply in the peripheral stained. more. On. its. divided. Phase. minute 1S. 5, 6).. out. be. phase. cbromatin elements four types :. following. Figs.. resting. SAlTO. extending chain,. wbicb. ER3.. and. し__.ノ. S. r. pd. C ml. 1･. Fig･. ち. Macro･. A,. the. showlng. of. phases. (d). tion. Those Feulgen,. the. weak. preparation. posトduplication the indicate. ｢sections. 'LEarly. In. slightly materials. stainability portion. thus. green-pyronin *. late. alcohol.. central. former,. and. in. with is generally. making mixture, resting”. the the. late resting. the. in. a. stationary. C.. phase.. translocating. median. of the. portions. 負Ⅹed. in. di庁erent. Flemming's from. those. 丘Ⅹed in Flemming's Feulgen, stained. in those. more. portion. peripheral as. but. portion, ER.. faintly more. wben. phase,. Macronucleus. stage. (1p), solution (s), reconstruction (pd)･ The micronucleus (mi). peripheral. is abbreviated. kept. animals. in its late. band. reorganization. the. in. micro-nuclei. micl-0･nuClei. of vesicles features show. acetic. shows. and. and. Arrows. pbase.. in. Macro-. and. related. (r), duplicais in. its. meta-. macronuclei.. fluid. and. which fluid, the fixed than. in tbose. distinctive. 丘Ⅹed. with. stained have been. in. central. fixed portion. acetic alcohol, 丘Ⅹed in the With acetic. metbyl alcohol,.

(5) Nuclear be. will. pure. stained. its central. but. is. not. affected. ment. is very. is not. heterogeneous. and. 巳. in Euplotes. other. chromatin Contrary. stained･. to. threads,. or. granules. how-. expectation,. The. pyronin･ with or Pyronin toluidine. stained. does. RNase. with. faintly. RNase･. with. to. similar. green. portion. latter. the. ever,. Reorganization. bring. not. about. structure. complicated. stainability of this portion blue treatstaining after satisfactory results because of the the. of. macronuclear. chromatin. ele一. 凪ents.. ER2･. This. is evenly. and. thread-like in. tb･e. form. ca･se a. of. rThis. type. with. their. of. (Fig. 2).. Frequently,. element 丘ssion rate. Among. these. stained. central. Ⅰ, Figs･. 5,. portion We. 6)･. and. very. and. the. lr. ER芝. rather or. two. ERl,. ●一●-ヽ. ERl. 0. types. c). animals been kept. have. lp. r. non-. faintly-. (Fig. 2, Pl.. portion. in. buried. structures. One,. or. its peripheral. ･d. layer.. pd ●. lヽ. -o--｡-い. l＼. 'j::.･5I. ヽ. ･ヽI､. ｡的qとよ志. ･ll..I. ER3. .i. .i-:/I.l◆′. ER4. ● :叫二l). -･. -･=Fl▼. TJ･>.Jー＼ヽ. m. Fig. matin. 2.. Diagrammatic. nuclear. their. Of. the. reorganization letters (er) represent. (ep) the. the. elements,. early. macronuclear. band. and. The. transformation.. the. of. apJPearlng. the. preparation. membrane.. early phase;. those. alterations. probable. and nucleoli (lower, Arrows of solid lines. reorganization.. transformlng of. (upper). elements. ●. ･-------･･･{:A)･くユニ';･. r!b,/ハ illustration. of. N). in. the. indicate. broken. lines. resting. both. ends. phalse;. (1p) the late. of. the. (1r). the. preparation. of. process. the the. (,b) verti占al,b;oke左vline at. 8).. in. ヾ -. element. of granules.. peripheral. J. ER2. as. (Pl. Ⅰ,Fig.. C.OnSists of the. deeply-stained. ep. This. wbicb. short. in the. arranged. ERA. and. a. 8). to. similar. also. animals. diameter,. granule. predominantly. be included. may. can丘nd丘brillar. er. or. Pl. Ⅰ,Fig.. elements. in diameter. 1-1･5FL. one. this. of. granules.. between. abundantly depressed strongly. (Fig. 1B,. out. many. in. Sometimes. are. granules of. 0.5FL. dyes.. extending. is- seen. temperature. basic. or. consists. generally intermediate. an. of. ER3. about. -structure. little less than. a. granule, Feulgen with is observed. wbicb. considered. low. a. stained. ERl. chain,. be. spherical. beaded. or. may. at. small deeply. time. the of. course. of. course. probable the. time. shows. macronucleus･ late restirLg phase;. chromacro･. of The. Phase;. and. (m).

(6) 6. M.. And. in. of. ERl's,. this. element. this. growing. type. of. type. diameter. And. pyroninopbilia. be. can. granules. wall. of rod-shaped. 2-4FL. and. long, but. threads,. parallel. seen. may. ER4･. This. is. wbicb. is. diameter, seen. along. a. with. number. among. predominantly. while. a. threads.. are. thicker. linear. a. quite. will In the and. rapidly. in property. similar. ER2's. but. ER2's. predominantly. mainly. ER2･ the. along. in. consisting. the. its. that. cylindrical crowded each. moniliform,. is frequently. ER4. reglOn. axial. the. Of. macro-. (Figs. 1A,. region. in. O･8-1･5p. about. Each. peripheral. pairs. ERl's.. granule,. to. 6f. macronucleus. of. spherical. O･5/=n. about. somewhat. aggregation. larger. somewhat. as. reveal. thin. rods as. curved,. misinterpreted. examination. coiled. or. straigtened. be. to. careful. with. together. nucleus,. a. the granules, be considered. vesicular. of which. vesicle,. liable. 1S. tightly. conもists of. with. found. not. animals.. Another. of. are. SAIT(). B, Pl.. Ⅰ,Fig.8). A. assortment. rich. the. of. representative. well-formed. early. resting. of this phase dissociated into threads. be. Fig･. 30)･. The. suggested. that. these. so. built. that. tightly. 2.. Late. ln. this. with. in. before cases. cases. intert女ined.. an. be. the. of in the. to. owing. threads. of血e. is regularly. splral lateresting form. ultimate Its component. phase of the threads. peripheral. their. uncoiling. regular are. this. structure. with. NaOH. very. small kept. density. into. or. the KCN. to. the. all the. their. micronucleus has changed. compact. granules This. which. two. structure. prophase. elemen-. may. (Fig. 3). The. an. cor-. structure,. chromosomes. it into weakly. in. be. elements･. macronuclear. continuous. of. turns. three. or. may. consist. 9); in deta￣il,their. 10). This. late. have. phase. macronucleus･. showing. of. for. or. structures. (Pl. Ⅰ,Fig.. remarkable. of. the. thready. generally Pl. Ⅰ,Fig.. the. loosely. is that phase ER2's and ER｡'s,. of. vesicular of. portion. up. in palrS. stationary. a. these. into. this. of. number in. as. sparse. 8).. of. transformation. length. often. along. 7). And. found. feature. or. intertwined. are. folded. been. are. Pl. Ⅰ,Fig.. plectonemic, (Figs. 1A, B,. ln thickness respondin'g and lmeiotic in the first division. of. a. B,. the. have. threads. temperature. and. loosely. a. distinctive. have. number. in. occurs丘rst. simply. pairs. are. surface,. disappear. aggregates. andfibrillated few ones (Pl. Ⅰ, Fig.. threads. a. (Figs. 1A,. them. in. all these. growing, to a low. linear. texture. coarse. the. band,. other. exposed. abundance A decrease. usually. the. normally. those. while. tary. On. ani甲als,. that. Frequently,. coarse宮rapules.. their. be. agents･. relaxing. their. and. of granules but abundant. impression. the. could (Pl. IV,. It may. 31).. both. probably. to. unyielding. ERl's. smaller the. many. more. they KCN. or. with (Pl. ⅠⅤ, Fig.. rods. or. rods,. that. and. the. that. Phase. phase,. but. make. the. they. of. or. are. the. considered. facts. the. NaOH. treatment. the. said. vesicles. Resting. ER3's,. be. can. same. them. with. be. may. from. judging. crowded. by. ER3's. or. phase,. is often. macronhcleus not. ERl's. of. found. pretreatment. coiled. slender.

(7) Nuclear. 丘bres, along like granules,. are. which. from. in. ERl's by. between. the. and. are. masses. happens. seen. Preparation By. the. In. ERl. the. and. in. length. in. front. LL. term. are. and of. into. band. goes. that. their. (Pl.. in. the. in band. with. former. the. late resting. and number an decrease. have. might. their. reducing. been. animals,. stainability. These. threads･. component. observed 9, I, Figs･. are found rellations i･e‥ Granules phase:. Similar. growing normally Ⅰ,Fig. 7). (Pl.. be. can. culture. increase. an. ln. the. with. 2-3. moving. to. conditions this. of. stage into. resolved spiral. turns.. solution. be called, for convenience'sake,. be. tbready this. although. plane. meant. either. seen. ln. only. is that. process the. and time.. mostly. is. phaseH. translocating. early. ER芝. that. by丘rstly. masses. preparation. macronucleus at the same. occur. nucleus. cbromomere･. case. Phase. in the. nucleoli. while. accomplished Another feature. nucleus.. isolation. suggest. themselves. its. or. process. a. threads. latter･. prevailing in. once. small. Phase. Resting. in. threads. intofibrillated. by resolving. then. Of. intertwined. sacri丘ce of the the ER4's in the and. threads. transformed. are. IJate. the. of the. means. 7. arrarlgement. of animals determined. be. can. of intertwined ER8'芦. This will. and. formed. B.. it. density. population in. into. stage. various. to. Resting. ERl's. of. Furthermore,. 10).. in EuPlotes. gyres.. lhrly. Trangformation. irregular. an. presumably. Transition. distinctly. seen. Reorganization. the. setting-1n. of the the Some. Of. the. band,. threads ER'4S. or. in. ll)･. phase･り. Larger. preparation. smaller. palrS,. are. of. micro-. the. Pl. Ⅰ,Fig.. D,. macro-. change of. prophase. ER3's. the. remarkable. intertwined of. thread-formlng. p′art Of. reorganization. (Figs. 4C,. ‥the early. the a. 2-3 〟. still found Tbis. may. granules. rE,. rii;J. .,,表〉還現,,透. を, r'(I. 琵ifJ. 事J乍塁. 要. ノ撃責iZr 童L rO. rQLJ＋ r''. !J r璽. 雪′憂. r堅塁妻惑. ,,.

(8) t5. M.. are. gradually late. the. translocation. loosely. Intertwined 1C･ Pl･ II･ Fig･. u. late. the. tion. Mucb. Left. expose. their. nected. end. the. smaller. ovoid. from. Resting. to. ln this. transitional. few. of the. band in or. seen. those splrals. or. arranged. baying. threads. con-. 3 turns. about. Figs. (Pl. ⅠⅠ,. to. came. specimens. 19, 20).. In. this. except. for. the. disappeared. Phase. of the. granular. front. the. of. ways. among. This event is granules. distribution･ The larger. of. combination and into threads than. in. transformed. are elements in different. occurs. of which different types. resolve. only. of whose. granules.. most. to. prepara-. aggregates. details. the. be. may. (Pl. 'l,'Fig. 13, Pl. II, Figs.. elements. Preparation. in. linear. make. coiled. coiled. it. the. smaller. ones,. band. advancing. and. the. where. (Fig. 4D).. Phase feature. distinctive. most. or. of. of their. disappear. Solution The. are. rods. ones. granular. also. di氏cult. are血ore. granules. C.. and. irregularities. of. to. very. macronuclear. in the. threads. observed,. regularly. granular. transformation. macronuclei. source. other. phase,. the. ones,. also be. the. In. 14). Of. observations,. end. little less in diameter. a. chained. into肋rous various. and. and. Transition. a. O･5〃. or. to. 12,. palrS. with. intertwined. end. consisting. rod-shaped or. scattered. thinner each. parallel. of these. The. can. observed. clearly discerned hours, 30-60 however,. about. end,. measuring. phase,. for. ln. basis. the. (Pl･ Ⅰ,Figs.. coiled. be. not. numerous. to. nearly. On. threads. or. could fed. exclusively. connected. splrals. un. almost. phase･”. commonly ll, 12, 14).. however,. 22)･. and. preparation. longer. structure,. 17)･. are. phase (Pl･ Ⅰ,Figs.. loosely. arranged. (Fig･. called. a. stage. spirals. are. threads. axis. 21,. form. to. uncoiled. SAITO. structure,. septum-like. thickness･. The. basic. except. dyes,. of. about is. band. whole. its anterior. for. is the. this. phase l･5-2･5iL,. evenly. is. which. a. of. 4FL Or rarely faintly stained. not. and. verge. formation. always. narrow. little. a. more. Feulgen. with. intensely. seen. stained. In. some. threads. the. seen. arranged. 12, 13), but,. Figs･. the. of faintly. in other. threads. component. threads. types,. variant. are. in. lying band. pure. front. green,. cases,. of. 'In the. particularly longitudinally a. of this. band,. section丘Ⅹed and. its. a. but. acetic lS. stainability. band. not. band. this. afFected. by. phases. is. of. F, Pl. Ⅰ,. established,. distinct,. towards. out. alcohol,. number 4E,. feebly. less. much. a. (Figs.. is found. fading. are. and with. the. figure. thicker. band,. thicker. much. across. reticulated are. which. ln. than. the. the. middle. is. stained. treatment. with. RNa9e.. Transition. from. Along. common. transitional. the zone,. Preparation. variable. boundary. to. of. in thickness. Solution these. and. Phase. adjacent generally. consisting. deeply. stained. of swollen. threads. a.

(9) Nuclear. tightly. This. gathering. is. phase. transformed. abruptly. 15,. is. not. abruptly carried Pl. Ⅰ, Fig. 12), and in. ber. of aberrant. face. D･. portion for. its. 14).. ture. be. this. by. c the. is. phase. anterior. remarkable. stainability can. discerned. portion. pre-. Phase case. negative Scarcely. Felgen.. are. phase. the. typlCal. of. any. in. its. means. achromatic. seen. often. particularly. ln. acetic. tions･. These. crease. in thickness. in. the. come. to. In the. of. portion Fig.. of. 4.. The. threads p. anterior rT. (Figs. 4C-E, bands. reorganization. the. ど. band. the. the. phase. and. 且nally. 17).. fine. in. seen. types. various. stage. this. in-. structures. Fig.. de点nite. frequently. E. prepara-. and. Pl.∩,. early. phase,. stainability. beaded. B,. translocation, are. and. S ′｢. are. gra･dually. area. show. (Figs･ 1, 4A,. the. orcein. threads. posterior. a. of. with however,. across. passing. D. ordinary. threads. stained. pd /｢. anterior. of. condensor,. faintly. very. 〔. struc-. By use making illumination Slit coupled. an. d. with. microscopy･ rlng. B. sur-. from. -Reconstruction ln the. distal. (Pl. Ⅰ,Fig.. phase. paration. 〟ノ､.i.､一ノノ.”. num-. small. transitional. 頭蓋,,r,/墓 …車も-､. (Fig. 4F,. out a. differentiated. abruptly. A. sometimes. cases,the. the. of. I･ Fig･. 17). Otherwise,. latter. the. 〔. ′￣T. the. lntO. r. S. p. preparation. (Figs･4A-EIPl･. solution ll, Pl. II, Figs. however,. gradually. the. changes. phase. in Eublotes. or. zone. and. from. but. phase,. thin. usually. Reorganization. related. d. s 〔. 〔. of. prepara･. G iiuo,nli…Pa't;.SnOlut(idO,n (Sa'こdreCS:sstt.rduuC;il?cnat'ir.'i type, and. A. (pd)I. phases C F. immature. and the. D. 2nd type.. and the. Bshow. lst. variant. the. ordinary. variant type. and. type,. E. G. the.

(10) 10. M.. Pl. II, Figs.. 15, 16). from. transformed. in. But, the. a. SAITO. form,. variant verge. posterior. deep-stained. the. of. thicker. solution. threads. are. (Fig. 4F,. phase. Ⅰ,. Pl.. Fig.12). Transitionfrom. Solution. ln the late stage. of the. however,. stage,. early but. the. threads. clear. solution. are. phase. the. seen. often. the solution. ends. abruptly In the. phase.. sometimes still remains and丘ne from the posterior of the verge. emerglng. Pl. ⅠⅠ,Figs.. phase. reconstruction. non-stained transition. abrupt. (Figs. 4C-E,. Phase. translocation,. into. is transformed. then. and. Reconstruction. to. band. 15, 16).. 塁. E.. ing. Duplication. Phase. The. threads. to. beaded a. show ends. their. posterior In the. of. Pl･ I, Figs･ from. the. it seems. visible. of. the. In. from. threads. F.. is. early. this. aggregates,. ER3's. blurred･. texture. of. in. this. in. But,. pairs. (Fig.. phase. distinguished･ of the. some. is. rods. frequently. are. in. Judghowever,. rods,. reality. its. of the. composed. threads. elementary band. the. reorganization after ⅠⅠ, F ig. 18, Pl. ⅠIl,Fig. (Pl.. Duplication. to. of. as. and uniform, gradual which the band translocation proceeds.. in the. transitional. Subsequently. zone,. these spirals. at. 25).. Phase. according band translocation, stainability. become. disappears. less. or. more. plectonemic. with. the. solution. posterior. phase. portion,. some-. transform-. is packed with swollen duplication the phase Pl. I, Figs. 12-14).. which. into. merge. (Fig. 4F,. Phase the. with phase. preparation shows. always. while. and. be. cannot. Of. aggregates. the. deep-stained. a. in ordinary. reglOn,. of in. Post-Duplication. band,. each. more. and. lnCreaSeS. crowded. Compared. towards. (Figs. 4C, D).. gathering. established palr. commonly. stage. slightly is. which. splrals that. threads. spirals. structure. are. ReconstI･uCtion. more. steadily ltSelf into. ing. inner. macronucleus. gradual the. gradually. their. at. particularly increases. in palrS.. transition. becomes. times. Their. probable. Transition Tbis. strands,. tightly. seen. sometimes. plectonemic. threads. center. com-. posteriorly,丘nally. translocation,丘ne. plectonemic. hand, linear the other in this phase immediately. On. the. 12, 14)I. bigbly. intertwined. distinct. are. rods. band. the. of. into. deep-stained. ing. consisting of two Feulgen stainability. B).. stages. early. 4F,. thicker. end.. transformed. seen. become. phase. structure. splral (Fig. 4A,. rear. in this. the. rods. ER3. and. growing. lying. phase a. Feulgen. strong. animals,. the. in front. is abundant. reaction･ with. the. Of macronucleus aしⅩialreglOn 4=C-E, Pl. II, Fig. (Figs. 15)･ The. ERA. are. considerably. the. of. rich in variety･. ERl's are. size,. And. reorganization Its. and found. peripheral linear. their. containing. and stainability in some animals.

(11) Nuclear. are. seen. On. the. mainly. in the. have. animals. peripheral. Transition This. posteriorly. larger･. We. arranged. depressed丘ssion in. kept. And. ER2. a. and. III The. typlCal. band,. of its translocation two. of its. of. the. reconstruction. variants. With regard pbaseノーin which. to. case,. least. at. stainability. number. containing. the. appear. D,. the. for. typlCal is. Reorganization. besides. which,. distinguished. is. phase. a. respectively.. in the. exclusively in. stage, be. ER3,. and. low. a. transformed. are. liand. is found. can. to. exposed. threads ERl. and. (Fig. 2).. aggregated. are. grow. late the. The. loss. of. feature. consplCuOuS. stage. typical non-. those. of. a. number. threads. of丘ne be. scarcely. the. thick. duplication. and. thicker. thickness. will. be. called,. of. stained. into. small. merges rapidly linear a,ggregates. their. and. of the. number. of the other variant, from The transition. intensely. that. thinner. (Figs. 4E,. phase. and. above･. of this pbase･. directly. ERl's a. dupli-. it. because. such,. The. stained･. (Figs. 4C,. rods. 15).. more. than. as. which. faintly. are. which. ascertained. phase. faintly. of. number. entire. preparation described. case. also. trans丘guring. mentioned. those. of. ll, Pl. ⅠⅠ,Fig.. rather is. phase. by. replaced. early. variants. in post-duplication phase larger Brst and then ER3's. As. tion. one. can. Pl･ Ⅰ,Fig.. the. and. a. phase. cation into. spirals. become. splrals. it is remarkable for its preparation variants, are least uncoiled a the threads and contains small which The transition, from of ER3's, ER4's and rods･ this preof variant, to solution its is somewhat And is thin, tbick･ reconstruction phase. paration yet. with. those. which beaded their. mentioned,. rarely. which breaks. rate,. in the. rather. subsequently between them. When. of. transformed. are. vesicles. usually. Variants. elements. line. a. phase,. are. above. but. the. Phase. small. ER3. stationary. ERA. along. The. in. of or. arranged. of structure･. form. becoming. strongly. mostly. scattering. types. various. lines-each. temperature. ER2･. splrals. are. Post･Duplication. gradu叫but. about. temperature.. threads-both. ER4's. found. also. (Fig. 1C). to. and丘nally. found. such. into. their. are. low. a. under. extended. and larger. (Pl. ⅠⅠ,Fig. 16).. ER4's. and. or. phase. ER2's. While. is rather. wbicb. In animals. stationary. ll. in diameter. ER2's. stained. macronucleus. brings. thicker. many. a. I)uplication. transition. unevenly,. and. reglOn,. from. 2-4FL. deeply. smaller. of the. region. axial. in Euploies. granules-measuring. evenly kept in. animals. those. the. hand,. rotber ln. And. larger. much. Reorga/nization. the. and. stained previous blurred. threads. They. are. but. more. paper,. other. types,. F, Pl. Ⅰ,Figs.. in this. than. the. more. similar. preparation. to. _ are. seen. stained. stained. 12, 13).ノIn passing, lst and. The. cases.. measurin･g. strongly. deeply. it is very. 2nd. variant. to. solu-. solution. 4FL, ′about lying across posteriorly, the. threads. of. the. above-. two types..

(12) 12. M.. Effect. kept. rapidly growing 15-20 hours, some. for. atin. in the. elements. In the. is. faintly show. structures. After resting. preparation. phase, splrals,. chains-each is thin tion. the. about. from. and. The. zones.. phase. Immature. Type. ln. some. reappears. bands. at. each. have. between. post-duplication in pairs, loosely ⅠⅠⅠ, Figs･. The. 23-25).. consisting (Pl･ III, Figs, 24,. the. transitional. nbrous The. pbase･ course. of. tion. goes. band. from. the. of the can. post. be. which. translocation･. This. kept band. anlage･. in. We. old. soludeeply-stained but. each. of. splrals.. new. the At. old. welトconstructed. the. are. time,. same. portion,. is. new,. elements. band. reorganization. the. of. the. macro-. by. represented found to be. 23), but in. clearly. the. threads. in. grouped. differentiated phase. from. the. for. lack. is faintly phase into those of the. reconstruction merge. masses. newly･ of the stained, solution. gradually of the duplication This type can. keep phase all alike in the be seen, though sparing･1y,. condition. nutrition,. into. of rich the. this process. young. call it ‥tbe. macronucleus immature. to. comes. its. an. end. division on. type･〃. they. where. type. ordinary. means. which a. and. paired. post-duplication. changes. macronucleus,. observed. is not. new. elements. Fig. (pl. ⅠⅠⅠ,. on. of shortening same. The. animals. division･. rapid. the. of. early. isolated. among. phase to. preparation by. median. threads. swollen. phase or. phase･. cbromatin the. chromatin. In the. Band. 23).. and. both. are into irregular masses (Pl. which aggregated band the though vaguely contain･s solution phase,. This. components. old. wall,. of singlefound many. discerned,. after. The. bands,. the. be. a. soon. anapbase･. slightly. phase. hours,. Fig. (Pl. ⅠⅠⅠ,. two. new. 26).. preparation. typlCal. a. of. 15-20. macronucleus. the. the. phase, and intertwined,. formed,. built. into. from. plectonemic. of. early. threads.. consisting. Reorganization. of. for. disappeared. and. enters. lying. fed. un. of the. end. met. micronucleus nucleus,. kept. animals. consists. the. usually 20). The solution. 19,. not. could. conditions. in. are. distinguished. are. phases. thinner into. there. transitions. phase. duplication. IV. ER3,s.. and. normal. with. found. are. and. pairs but both. reconstruction. in the. threads. in palrS. length,. stained to du･plication. solntion. Chrom-. remained. disentangled. (Pl,ⅠⅠ,Figs.. such. of. faintly. very. and. post-duplication under. ER3's. and. were. threads. in. and. cbromatins. of ERl's. phase,. of the 3-5/∠. consisting. and. narrow. resting. most. medium. macronucleus. ERl,s of. animals. the. generally. late. the. consist. of growing. starvation,. consisting. in. which,. those. of. the. mostly. duplication. reconstruction,. days. phase,. stranded. and. to. place. Chalkley's. into are disentangled granules evenly The transition from to palrS･ preparation indistinct is the while solution very phase. thin. similar. three. took. in. of the. most. in. The. stained･. in. washed. phase. resting. threads. extremely. were. changes. phase,. intertwined. solution. animals. early. preparation. loosely. of. Starvation. of. When. SAITO. as. its. show. translocathe. onset. starting.. The. with. its elongation. process.

(13) Nuclear. In. the. case. in. elements. mcronuclear. their. of the. number. into. band. the. the. at. emerges. ERl's,. posterior. ER3's. uncoiled. the. and. called comes. the. reticulum. from. the. as are. becomes. of. a. of. zone丘1led. The. solution phase･ is kept on even in the. phase. The. 28)I. itself into. reconstruction duplication the. is steady. post-duplication irregular-shaped. and gradual, forms only. transient. They. can. methyl. green-pyronin. fixation. with. of the. pbilia. total. a. by. mass. band. of the. the of. approach the. also. threads. but. gradually duplication tbrougb. pass. by. (Pl. trans-. from. threads. no. gave. are. grotvth means. of. by. and. a. into. to. few ERl,s. the. blue. because. useful. are. 2-3/∫. staining the. of. also. stained. the. As. for. sections. with. sections. after. of. reddish with. purple metafast green, not or. pyroninopbilia. removed･. determining because. results. satisfactory. O･3-1･5FL in diameter.. about. staining. toluidine. nucleoli by RNase,. completely. the. of. baso-. other. nucleoli,. disturbing. the. cytoplasm. restlng to. phase,. the ones. late. resting. way. nucleoli,. are. the. small. nucleoli,. the. the. (Pl･ ⅠⅤ,Fig. grow. thoughstill. and. (Fig.. rernalnlng. ll, in. the. In. into. the. In. 2, Pl. IV,. Figs.. of the macrofrequently coalesce. coalese. 12).. diameter,. portion. 35).. towards. mlgrate. (Pl･ Ⅰ,Figs･. O･3-0･5/∠ in. granules. smaller. chain. nucleoli. and血ally band. about. or. vesicles granules developed in the distal. phase, a of forming. diameter of. the. chromatin. larger. translocation,. 1-1･5/‖n. taining. some. the. In the. into. digested are. nucleoli. attached. 34), but. nucleus･. with. Being. early. The. nucleoli･. of the. In the. js. alcohol. preparations. basophilia. seen. the. The. mixture･. acetic. cbromasia of Feulgen･ with. 33,. will be in the. band-translocation. transition. change. judging. Nucleoli. of ordinary nucleoli in animals be clearly demonstrated by. The. are. to. this. threads.. wbicb, threads,. of these. of distinct. the. and. After. so-. ER8's.. V. the. The. pbase･. the. Of swollen. phase,. the. is not. further. are. of. chromatin. late stage. preparation. splrals. pairs. heterogeneity. phase. the. nucleioli.. this. plainly visible and faintly-stained. swollen. be the. to. with. elements. Fig. (Pl. ⅠⅠⅠ,. appearance. large. enclosed. these. on. these. the. in. most. All. entered. make. band stages of filled with. is. threads. band,. to. way. formation. has. reorganization. a. early. macronucleus. intertwined. the. in wbicb. some. threads.. macronucleus. such. reticulum,”. appearance. solution ⅠⅠⅠ, Fig･ forms. in. the. they. reorganization. In. beaded. into. the. The. rodsI. of. however,. conditions,. anteriorly･. portion. of the. approach. gradual. The. considered. that. arranged. 〃nuclear. and. anterior. 13. the chromatin elongation, ERl,s ER3,s, a of and and small. some. and. moves. posteriorly. signi丘es. With. pbase･. Under. irregularly-shaped. and some disentangled. this. 27)･. Euplotes. to. mostly. granules. end the. in. its way. on. consist. compact. translocation,. gradually 29)･ All. or. phase. Fig･ (Pl･ ⅠⅠⅠ,. rods. is. anlage. resting. transfigured. are. Reorganization. the. the. early. larger. ones,. peripheral 2nd. peripheral. stage. variant. at-. region type,. region of the.

(14) 14. M.. thicker. solution. Pl. Ⅰ,Fig.. The. 12).. macronucleus. from. judging. lying. found. nucleoli. band. reorganization begin. to. grow. the. morphological. With. band,. distinguished. SuMMERS52) in Stylonychia.. GRIFFIN15). On. the. solution. plane. non-stained. reported. a. and in. packed. phase. for. the. the. the. the. of. intrlgulng. process tion. in. a. the. increase translocation. appear. interdivision in. paramecium. the. at. time. points. and. band. reorganization. band. put. upon. the. the. time. course. of. amount. the. cycle. lengtb･. Similarly,. of the. aurelia,20,55). and. time. an. length. according. in. the. increase in to. the. the. at. amount. Tetrahymena. KIMBALL. basis. this. of. import-. band. transloca-. 3) relationship. chromosomes.. middle in. the. th占reorganization. of. of isolation. means. represent along. unquestionable. of. interquestion. not. may. material;. nuclear. duplication. band･. 〟. new. cytologlCal. between. 2) relationship. and con-. various a. subnuclei. the. to. controversial. raised. to. and. GRIFFIN. of. translocation,. component. plane. solution. reorganization. SoNNEBORN51). et. about. late half. 1). :. the. of. solution. the. preparation. plane these. that. types. regard be. should. the. solution. by al14) found, O･4-0･5 fuse and. FAUR丘-FREMIET. the丘rst,. With. in. the. successive. cell cycle;. vegetative. from. of the. the. macronucleus･‖ stress. transition. in the. through. three. the. suggests. glVen.2･15,54･･56). passing. Suggestion, following. its. between. here. slgni丘cance. been. the. and. and. paper. `progression'of. of mitoses. of. present. of the. edge. YocoM's. to. very in. stained丘brils. area.. reorganized. correspond. functional it have. whether. ance. ragged. the. were. granules. lightly. connect. and. in EuPlotes:. of the evenly-stained YocoM,56) however,. that. that. reorganization. analyzed. plane.. found. who. the. presented analysis due to differences. of. length. Again. 36).. in Diophrys. two. consisting. and. of. may. as. plane. be. may. wave. place. of. An. to. were. planes. reconstruction. result,. granules. plane. two. the. within. in AsPidisca,. the band. solution. seemed. chromatin. pretations. bands. the. plane. the. reconstruction. a. different. somewhat. reconstruction. to. smaller through. pass. (Pl. ⅠⅤ,Fig.. relations. planes. hand,. other. explained. as. Some. macronucleus. Conclusions. General. three. the. As. all dis-. phase.. to structural. respect. TuRNER54). clusions. trans-. have. phase. less. band. of the. there.. change. noticeable. and. and. solution TuRNER.. the. of. posトduplication. genera.1･2･6,25･30,52). with. seemed. the. of or. occurs process ciliates, the macronuclear reorganization have interdivisional A the stage. number of works reported in in other features of this process EuPlotes4･6,15,22,36･54･56) and. in. closely. late stages. the. out more. hypotrichous. regularly. one. in. portion. any. Discussion ln the. which,. (Fig. 4F,. phase. nucleoli. ones. without. in. peripheral. however,. that,. the axial. along. reconstruction. nucleoli in the preparation found still remaining. the. appeared. they. fact. the. larger. the. ascertained,. the. larger peripheral a few but smaller. 1ocation,. the. be. in. seen. of. extraction not. could. probable,. be. cannot. phase,. SAITO. culture, about. As. for. that. the. O･8 of the. of DNA. takes. pyriformis26･55)and and. BARKA,20). the. same.

(15) Nuclear. be. may. of･ P･. said. by. aid of incorporated doubled. only. autoradiography in. in. BALL34). KIMI∋ALL. the. very. mentioned. scoplCal. has. ever･. brieny. an. plays tion. of. have. whichmight. micronucleus,. are. remarkably. the. type. Most. of. them. some. and some. to. paid. this. ination. of. a. of. cell. the. nucleus. In this. study,. into. several. types. have. been. 1･ threads and. of the. macronucleus. solution, these. belong. rightly. to. uncoiled. the 3･. We. may. to. the. a. chromosomes how-. author42',. band forma-. of dispute,. problem ln. Putting as. adequate. compared. with. its changes. and. its. a. of. structural to. the. basis. of. be. duplication phases,. coiled. state,. and. the the. resting. the. ranglng. the. process. the. six. and. maro-. divided stage. dis-. and丘nal summary:. from other. the. granules. by. to. uncoiling. interdivisional. phases. of. resting,. post-duplication.. and. preparation. course. are. translocation, is glVen. into. in the. on. interdivisional. the. to. view exam-. make. macronucleus. transfor甲ing divided. they. an. elements. reported. in. macronucleus from one the. reconstruction,. successive. should. the. of. emergence,. this. can. we. macronulear. Below. may. of the attention left unexplained. In. prospects. band･. of chromobe har-. latter. The. In spite. changes. the. equlValents,. occurrence. general. 8,9,14･29･40). elements. their. or. are. the. a. macronucleus.12･17-19･28,35･39-46･48). cbromosomes. controversial. cbromatin. the. the. ”. of. transformed. On. preparation, 2･ Among. of. reorganization threads and in the. or. of problem indispensable that. reorganization in elements. invariably. latter. the. relation. re-coiling･. stage. possibility. the. their. in. studied. as. changes. solve. and. Cbromatin are. seems. the. of the. appearance. micro-. electron. present. macronucleus of the former. of subnuclei･50･5ユ). details. structural. cycle. structures. the. the. to. in. Sammerchromosomen･. it. connection,. structures. these. 〟. matter,. of this. band21).. equlValent, presumed been as macronucleus generally regarded On the other hand, structures･2･23･37,38,49) some granular. hypothesis. the. with. above. has. suggested or. the. of. The. regarded. aggregates. The. the. of paired. structure. those. thread-like. others. monized. from. showlng. described. authors. The. synthesized. replication the. structure. of. of the. characteristics because the inner. in general･. specialized. or. in. the. difFerent. nucleus. is. are. KIM-. and. plane.. ciliates has long been due to the di氏culty prlnCIPally. been. on. the. the. progression. separation. dimorphism. nuclear. interpre,tation. the. DNA. that. is. bistone. and PRESCOTT. line,. of reorganization･. that. DNA. light6,30,52,54)nor. the. observed,. tbymidine. structures.. splral. The. that. of the reconstruction duplication bands). neither. r61e in the. GALLS). second,. same. ascertained. term. process. 15. that. and. the. it4･22･36) demonstrated. described. essential new. the. of. in the. Along. portion. point,. observations. its changes. and. Of. leading. third. band,. the. PRESCOTT21). proposed. the. to the. respect. process.. and. short. studies for. as. With. EuPlotes. microspectropbotometry,. reglOn. in this. amount. in. and. limited. a. and ln. And. caudatum55)･. Reorganization. post-duplication and. phases. duplication. phases. state.. say. that. the. resting. phase. of. the. macronucleus. will show.

(16) M.. 16. in. the only condition Routine observations and. squash 4.. preparations If a slight sign. should. be. more. and. becoming. the. variant. features. the. as. represented. These. structure.. individuality and. the. threads. in. spite. of DNA. destroyed 7.. by A. outside. structures of its nebulous its band appearance makes course. division. of. its structural. to. sideration immature. the stage. of. regulative from. gradation. an. may. apparent anterior. portion that. that. this. of. a. series. of. the. band. is. but. tbready. a. exhibit. their retain between gone. baying. reappears. afterwards,. are. properties. the. of. type. From. phase,. which, These. gradually form.. ordinary. elements. phase.. and. the. conclude. portion,. typical. or. discern.. solution heterogeneity. their. reconstruction. is weak. portion. con-. is. phase. be. enoughto. forces.34) the immature. of of. the. in. the. solution. adjustment to. and. be. of. its. time. or. differentiated. well. time. of. regular giving due. an. phase. of the. state. an. of. early. con-. appearance,. characteristic. band. the. This. the. means. the. plotting. because. phases.. outside. By. considered. within a. indistinct. reconstruction or. macronucleus. and. is very. type. post-anlage. should. anarchic. in. in the. features. band. type. be. may. band. the. ordinary. to. us. we. in the. of the. cycle. in. or. difference. phase. elements. for. swollen. band. reorganization. the. all the cbromain. synthesis,6･21湖). some. on. observation. macronucleus. we丘nd. into. po■rtion of the reconstruction facts that the anterior the. with. zone. of. the. of the. cbromatin. which are. matrix. nuclear. rear. sistent. in. area. careful. un-. Of. this macronucleus, The uncoiling, pbase･. of. however,. however,. types,. place･. slgn. in the. area. concept. di氏cult. are. a. any. of the macronucleus. in the is generally not clearly established ln the process of translocation proceeding. the. of. band. immature. and. in the. the. advances, its differentiating. in. reorganization. limited. it. as. rapidly. Structural. them. in. observed. distinctive. 6.. that. at. any. overlook. Of the preparation a. band reorganization its translocation. of. stage. more. beginnlng. the. as. regarded. The. early. to. us. be observed. can. of uncoiling. Consequently, elements. to the localized condition. applied 5.. lead. to. is uncoiled. granules. re-coiling･. is generally. different. likely. very. the. of. It is natural, therefore, be should required.. coiling. however,. none. wbicb. are. SAITO. of. early inter-. reorganization. band. 8.. The as. stationary as. a. cbromatin. welトadjusted tbrougb. conduction. chromatin ceed. to. 9.. granules their. The. cbromosomes a. shown. granular Another. elements by. KIMBALL. organization the are. in. interdivisional. the. and. translocates. if it. as. Along. macronucleus･ into. transformed. stage. The. PRESCOTT.21). tbready. in. were. with. fairly. remain. band. reorganization. this. structures,. a. sort. of. pulse. translocation,. the. then. pro-. wbicb. duplication. macronucleus have been. enters. duplicated. its divisional. on. and. have. stage. taken. all of the the form of. nuclear. reorganiza-. only. subsequently. when. structure.. conspICuOuS. Change. found. in the. process. of.

(17) Nuclear. is. tion. the. into. other. approacb･. A. traversing. the. duplication. pbase･. synthesis. few. facts. the. tbready. elementary. of the. cbromosomes be. are. chromosomes band,. zation. the. of. of. way. that. have. seems. to. come. the. doubt. following. three. larger. grows distal. in. also. distal. the. towards. If. the. here. assume. clearly. interpret. what. process. in terms. of the. of chromosomes wave. explained. being,. occurrence. be. rally. cbains､. we. wide. also. in. area. inferred of smaller. predominant. by. be the. type. by. bow. to. as. reorganizaformed. facts. of. only. on. including in. increase. phase in. bands. those. are. the. the. ln. its. and. same. phase. towards. the. in. number but phase. resting. larger. the. the larger. that. that. preparation. the the. if has. to. common. or. and. reorganization. linear. arrangement. in. it. aggregates. duplication. will. win to. be. well. frequently. be this. in. the. size. natu-. and. resting. of intertwined The. the. matter, may. of similar. to. expanded. macronucleus. phases.. conduct. its conductibility.. coming. respect. granules. to. ability. aggregates. in the. may. we. the. the. part. appearance. linear. a. changes,. take. replication. aggregates, of. And. With. aggregates. make. character. this conductibility. macronucleus.. facts. and. granules. that. their. strands. have. ,of DNA. wave. accompanying. strands. far. a. or. sequential. acbromatic. with. granules. phases in the. immature. macronucleus increases and. larger. duplication.. chromosome the. the. cbromosomes. conclude. of regular. post-duplication are. can. from. all. which. the. nucleoli. not. reorgani-. in. accompanied. number. Suggested,5). chromosome. acbromatic. into. fairly. might. that. judging. macronuclear. by. preparation. the of. grows. GALL the. of. replication. lastly,. surface. macronucleus. aS. of DNA. And. a. each. connected. the. a. the. can. The. gradients. by. of. the. the. phase.. that,. in. the. nucleoli. of the. end. detected. the. the. post-duplication. we. be. can. to. up. of. Each. cbromosomes. its subsequent. and. in. that to. process･. pbysiologlCal. 2). the. the. of. of this. threads. area.. comes. the band. evidenced. 1) Uncoiled. 3) Each. area.. be. equivalent. reorganized. and. conclusion. phase･. still unsettled. bipolar. will. distal. a､nd. are. the. manifestation. translocation. that. :. the. towards. into. account. own. which. the. similar. are. that. and. duplication. and. made. to. of. morpbologlCal. problems their. macronucleus,. .the number. re-coiling, in. generalized. some. no. be. Should. possess is. There. tion.. and. doubled. are. the. con丘rming. It. the continuity. or. Paramecium47). of. lead. post-. of distribution is essentially. macronuclei. will. in the. agaln. evidence. that. a. represents. of DNA. inqulrleS. replication Furtber. the. their. through. such. grow. and. tbe皿aCrOnuCleus. doubled. cbromosomes. as. pass. of. uncoiling. apparently. the. above. micronuc′1eus,. therefore,. tbready. glVen. structures. through. established. in. changes. discussions. and. and. of EuPlotes5･34) and. macronucleus. of nucleolar. eacll and coalesce with disappear as the bands then. however,. ones,. smaller. in the. the evidence Tetrahymena.46). phase. preparation. 17. Euplotes. grow. nucleoli. in number increase and then This behavior accounts for. band,. to. The. nucleoli.. in the. of the. RNA. of. Tbe. of. production larger ones. in. Reorganization. the and. threads details. of.

(18) M.. 18. this. however,. structure,. segregation. and. also supported Paramecium3･44). of. as. to. a. by. ported in. property. of the. study, of. mecbanisms. The. nuclei･. EPhelota7･11). of. analge. polyploid. by. and. of protozoan in Aulacantha. GRELL10･13). deprived. this. on. morphologlCalll･12,19･28･31･32･39-43･4S-48) cytochemiWith studies･60･51) regard physiologlCal53) and genetic. as. well. polyploid. based. regarded,. form individual smaller wbicb in by studies the macronuclear. of genom-sets. ca15,27･39,49). but. nucleus. polyploid. is. condition. be. all probability. ln. may. macronucleus bigbly sort of. a. as. still left unexplained.. are. The. SAITO. that. the. on. nucleus,. functions. the. it. band,. other. re-. was. division-. of nuclear formation. Mutterplatte formation-and sw.armer still remain of thereThe difference between the macroand micro-nuclei, undestroyed. whole long as so the fore, be considered but quantitative, to be qualitative may not the. 〟. sence. ”. impossibility of the adjustable segregation producion of nucleoli40,47) and the are into consideration･ not taken gemon-sets of individual of the macronucleus AB丘 has T･H･ his The to Professor to express sincere gratitude author. of Hosei. University. for. kind. their. SAKAI. Of Yokohama He. and encouragement･ guidance Laboratory University, of Hosei. Biological for. T.. Professor. and. helpful. their. National to. wishes. also. to. thank. Y.. Dr.. to. particularly. University the. WATANABE. suggestions.. Summary l.. In. emergence. zation-the the. structural have. inqulrleS. some. nucleoli,. the. of. view. changes. been. into. made. translocation. and. the. of the. of the. features. of the. solution, 3. are. chromatin. reconstruction, In. the. course. The. into. entiated. threads,. band. the. stage. of. solution. not. the. and. found. band. the. of. in. structural. preparation,. resting,. post-duplication. phases,. chromatin into re-transformed distinctly established. granules. then. yet. its translocation, plane. of the. and. nuclear-reorgani-. basis. the. phases. and. is. of. process. on. successive. duplicated,. reorganization 1In the. emerges.. six. and. these. making. of. into. transformed 4.. elements,. duplicatio￣n. elements. reorganization. of Euplotes eurystomus. macronucleus is divided, interdivisional stage ･ 2. The into. chromatin. however, posterior. granules. it. when. anterior half is differinto the reconstruction. the half. plane. 5.. However,. earliest. of. con･dition type,. immature. in. forms. variant the band all. wbicb. transform. gradually. are. differentiation the. chromatin. into. themselves. the. in. observed. its. in. posトduplicat主on. the. phase. The. stage.. demonstrated. is clearly granules. early. by. the. resting. phase. without. losing. heterogeneity.. their. 6.. An. organization makes. some. the. analysis. Of. leads. process. portion. the. in. wbicb. us. tD. in various. transformation. phase the. conclusioⅡ. all of the. cbromosomes. that. the become. types. of the. reorganization thready. re1. band only. to.

(19) Nuclear. bring. forth 7.. some. inquiries. The. the. with. still remain. 19. EuPlotes. in. the. in the. size. approaching. visible,. into. made. common. occurrence. of chromo-. macronucleus.. grow. nucleoli. disappear. were. in the. aggregates. 8･. in. duplication.. their. Further. Reorganization. proceeding. band.. the. of to. preparation. But. in the. grow. phase,. few. a. however,. which,. of the. ones. smaller phase･. post-duplication. References 1). CALIくINS,. G.N.. division. 2). and. Uroleptus. EGERIIAAF,. A･. halseyi. 1955.. Zool.. The. II.. Protistenk.. of the. origin. fate. and. E.,. Ch.. Arch.. Protistenk.. GAUCHERY,. and. M.. 1957.. 100, La. ′. 5). J･G･ 1959･. GALL,. Biophys･. 6). and L.. GARNJOBST,. Macronuclear Biochem･. 7). GRELL,. 1949.. K.G.. 8). Die. in. study. gemmiPara Der Kerndualismus. 1952,. Der. r占organization Exptl. Cell. EuPlotes.. protozoan. ciliated. of. protoplasmic. J.. der. Biol.. der. with. Makronucleusanlage. HERTWIG.. 68,. ExconJuganten. 289-312･.･ NaturwISS.. Suktorien.. und. two refer-. special. im. Zentralbl.. Ciliaten. in. reorganization. taylori,. sterkii and 89, 317-381.. Entwicklung. 1950.. the. Eu♪lotes. Protistenk.. R.. Ephelota. von. 61ectronique.. aumicroscope. zur. 447-514.. 295-308-. comparative. Arch.. cystment.. 5,. Stylonethes. ciliates. to. ence. A. 1937.. hypotrichous. Etude. duplication. Cytol･. machro･. Untersuchungen. FocIくE.. bursaria. RouILLER,. the. of. 69, 1511174.. Cytologisch-entwicklungsphysiologische. les EuPlotes. chez macronucl占aire Research 12, 135-144.. during. nuclei. 27, 293-357.. CALKINS. Paramecium. Yon. FAUR丘-FREMIET,. Ⅰ. History. ENGELM.. mobilis. ∫.Exptl.. Arch.. chromatin.. Konjugation. 4). UrolePtus. conjugation.. 1930. nuclear. 3). 1916.. 37, 347-. 356.. 9) Verb･. Dtscb.. 10). 1952･. Stand. Zool.. Ges.. Freiburg. Cytologische. ll). 1953･. Die. Untersuchungen. 1953･. 12). R.. gemmiPara. HERTWIG.. Arch.. Pro-. des. Die. Struktur. Die. Chromosomen. Makronucleus. TokoPhrya.. Yon. Arch.. Protistenk.. 466-468. 1953･. 13). Aulacantha. Yon. lhECKEL･. scolymantha. Arch.. Pro-. The. Cell,. 99, 1-54.. tistenk.. 1954･. 14). The. GRIFFIN,. L･. protozoan Press,. ⅤⅠ, Academic. 15). HAECKEL･. scolymantha. 98, 287-326.. tistenk.. 98,. Protistenkerne.. 98, 157-159.. EPhelota. Yon. Aulacantha. an. Protistenk.. Konjugation. der. Bau. 212-251.. 1952,. Arch.. (Vorlau丘ge Mitteilung).. den. Kenntnisse也ber. unserer. 1910･. in. nucleus･. New. Eu♪lotes. York. Brachet,,. London. and. sp.. worcesteri. J.. Mirsky,. and. A.E.. 1-79.. Nov.. ⅠⅠ.Division.. Philippine. J. Sci.. 5,. 315-336.. 16). ⅢyMAN, and. 17). L.H. other. KANEDA,. tbe. 1931･. M.. 1960･. binary 1961･. 18). Fine. KIMBALL, Proc.. 20). KIMBALL,. mecium. R.F. Natl. R･F･. structure. of. structure. 1953.. and. aurelia. securing. Am.. The. and. Microscop.. of. protozoa. cultivating Soc. 50, 50-57.. reorganization. and. Chlamydodon. ♪edarius. Acad.. of. Trams.. The. fission. Chlamydodon. 19). Methods. ciliates.. macronucleus. Jap. J. Genet. structure. of. Zool.. Jap. J.. pedarius. the. the. of. of. the. ⅠⅠ.ParameciiLm. during. macrontlCleus 12, 477-491. gymnostome. ciliate,. 36, 223-234. the. macronucleus. of. Paramecium. aurelia.. S°i. 39, 345-347. BARKA,. T.. 1959.. Quantitativ占cytochemical. II･ Feulgenmicrospectrophotometry. of. the. studies macronucleus. on. Paradurihg.

(20) 20. M.SAITO. exponential. 21). and. PRESCOTT,. during. growth. distribution 9,. Protozool.. 22). KLUSS,. 23). KuDO,. Biol.. RR. its. 24). 26). MosES,. 28). tistenk.. 29). A.E.. oRD亡)GI寸, F.. 31). PIEKARSKI,. Acad.. LEIDY,. to. refenence. special. With. histochemical. green-pyronin. methyl. stain･. division,. in. encystment. and. lan･. Pleurotricha. 4171462.. Quantitative. Nucleic. 1957.. Die. 102,. 165-208.. aspects strain and. acids. Konjugation. of desoxyribose of Tetrahymena.. acid (DNA) 114, 7l-94･. nucleic Biol.. Bull.. iluClei of. the. of. proteins. M.A.. G.. in. Kernteilung. S°i. Hungaricae. 1960,. Press,. CelしⅠⅤ, Academic 1959,. Vorticella. Yon. RuDZINSKA,. and. The. 30). eurystomus･. Paramecium.. J･. 493-535.. D.L.. NANNEY,. J･. 10-42.. 87,. the. amicronucleate. an. 1950. 87,. in. Y. Conjugation, 54,. 1958.. in. E.. and. EuPlotes･. of. of EuPlotes. macronucleus. ovalis. Protistenk.. Pyronin. Bull.. B.B.. M.J.. MOGGE,. synthesis. acid. macronucleus. 213-230.. 1928.. Biol.. Morpbol.. the. of. the. of. Nyctoiherus. on. Arch.. 30,. R,D.. metabolism. 27). Studies. 1955.. N.B.. ceolata. McDoNAIJD,. Desoxyribonucleic. amitosis. microscopy. structure.. Technol.. MANWEI,Iノ,. D.M. and. Electron. 1936.. Stain. 25). 1962.. 13, 462-465.. nuclear. KuRNICK,. 17, 173-182･. Research. Cell. 88-92.. B. C. 1962.. J. Cell. Exptl.. growth. R.F.. KIMBALL,. Kahlia. in. Protozoa･. New. York. Brachet,. and. Mirsky,. J･ and. London. 109-150･ Acta. (Ciliata, Protozoa)･. simplex. Pro-. Arch.. (EIIRBG)･. camPanula. Biol･. 10, 127-139. Cytologiscbe. 1939.. Mikronucleus･losen. Untersuchungen. Stamm. CoIPoda. Yon. einem. an. normalen. MAUPAS.. steini. Arch.. einen und Protistenk1 92,. 117-130.. 32) 33). PIERSON,. 1943.. B,F.. Grosskern. der. Versucbe. Ziliaten?. morphologlCal. comparative to. related. EuPlotes. 1961.. synthesis. study. of. Syntbese.. einer. Relation. several. 72,. JI Morphol･. Patella･. KIMBALI,, R.F. and nucleus in the replicating. D.M.. tein. A. closely. PRESCOTT,. beim. 61, 416-426.. Zentralbl.. Euplotes. 34). Endomitose. 1941. Biol.. between. DNA,. RNA, Proc･. of EuPlotes･. of. species. 125-1651 and. pro･. Sci1 47,. Acad･. Natl･. 686-693.. 35). Zur. tricha). tistenk.. 36). RoT王1,. 38). den. tiber. Frage. 1957.. An. Nassula. Yon. (Ciliata,Holo･. E=RBG･. ornata. Chromosomenaufbau. J. Biophys.and 1956.. M.A. in. RuDZINSKA,. des. Makronucleus･. the. cytology. of. macronucleus. PoRTER, and TokoPhrya. Cytol･ on. observations. infusionum.. J.. Biophys.. 1955･. K･R･. of. study. Biochem.. Further. Toko9hrya M.A.. microscope. electron. Patella.. RuDZINSKA, nucleus. Eernapparat. Arch･. Pro･. 105, 463-488.. L.E.. EuPlotes. 37). Der. Ⅰ.B. 1962.. RAIKOV,. infusionum.. of. the. protozoan. 3, 985-10001. the丘ne. structure. Biochem･. and. Observations. J, Biophys･. of. the. on. macro-. 425-428･. structure. of. the. 1, 42ト. Cytol･. Biochem･. and. the 2,. Cytol･. 428.. 39). A.. RuTIIIMANN,. Yon. nucleus. 40). A.. RuTHMANN,. nucleinsaure lO6, 422-436.. 41). SAITO, in. M. a. 1963. im. A. 1961.. Duplication Stomus.. 43). Bursaria. peritrichous. 42) SAITO,. M.. HECKMANN,. and. SATO,. 1961.. Struktur. Makronucleus. note. LCiliate,. of. Cbromatins. duplication. the. macronuclear. of. die. Verteilung Arch.. macronuclear. Jap. J. Genet chromosomes. Makro･. 3131340.. meleagris.. process. camPanula.. 105, und. des. Struktur. und. Protistenk.. LoxoPhyllum. Vorticella. process. F.. des Yon. the. on. Formwechsel. Arch.. truncatella. Die. Jap. J. Genet. and. K.. der. Ribo-. Protietenk･. cbromosomes 36,. in. 18,4-186･ EuPlotes. eury･. (in press). 1961.. MorphologlCal. studies. on. the. macronuclear. structure.

(21) Nuclear. Paramecium. of the. III･. 45). SAITO, and of Paramecium. Magazine,. and. (Japanese. 1958.. SECrIACHAR,. J. 50). T.. 114,. M.. 52). F.M.. lata. 53) 54). TuRNER, special. 55). WALKER, Exptl.. 56). YocoM,. Publ.. J･P.. a皿itosis. in. structure Zool.. W.. geleii. Zool.. interphase 68, 209-214.. Magazine,. Zyklen. und. Ribonukleinsえure. der. bursaria.. Biol.. Zentrabl.. in 75,. 1-16,. bursaria.. Paramecium. von. and. nucleic. of. macronuclear. acids. Chilodonella. of. Biol.. uncinatus.. and. Paramecium. of. in P.. reorganization determination.. genetic. in the genetics. 1930.. P･M･B･. The. Anat.. and. Euカlotes.. aurelia Rec.. 78,. Adv.. 18,. the of of macronuclei reorganization STEIN, Pustu･ ai)Pendiculata and Stylonychia 85, 173-208.. Division to. the. and. The. 337-396.. of and. macronuclear. conjugation. nuclear. MITCHISON, 13,. and. Diophrys. Protistenk.. Research. 1918.. division. Equivalence. reference. Zool.. relation. MOLLER,. Arch.. Ⅴ･ 1957･. H.B.. nucleus. The. 1935.. EHRBG.. Cell. struc･. interphase.. summary).. Makronucleus. advances. lynceus. Aspidisca TARTER,. in. 1, 263-358,. Genetics. SuMMERS,. macronuclear. 517-543.. Resent. 1947.. The. structure,. 皿aCrOnuClear 53-54.. in. the. on. macronuclear. Paramecium. Yon. im. 1940.. to. 51). the. on. exconJugant.. summary).. 1950.. Zool.. SoNNEBORN,. with. the. summary). constituents. English. summary). Paramecium. 347-364.. B.R.. Exptl.. during. of. in. macronucleus. studies. Nukleolenformwechsel. Chromosomen 77,. with. Tetrahymena. of. structure. English. Macronuclear. study. Entwicklung. vegetativen. Zentralbl.. 49). 1956.. V.. 48). I.. (Japanese. English. with. ScHWARTZ,. the. Morphological. caudatum. stage. macronuclear. of. (Japanese. 1958.. Morphological. prefission. der. M,. 67, 249-258･. 1959･. 46). the. on. development. the. 21. of the changes macronucleus 70, 73-80･ (Japanese with English. studies. 70, 81-88･. H･. SATO, ture. 47). On. Magazine,. EuPloies. Structural. Magazine,. Morphological. caudatum Zool･. Zool･. cycle･. 1961.. 44). II.. caudatum. division. in. Reorganization. Euplotes. 1957.. patella. Calif.. Univ.. phenomena.. J.M.. ∫.Exptl.. nodes. in. DNA. Publ.. synthesis. Zool.. 135,. EIiRENBERG Zool. in. 33, two. 387-401. With 193-258. ciliates.. 167-170.. neuromotor. apparatus. of. EuPlotes. patella.. Univ.. Calif..

(22) Explanation photomicrographs. the. of. Plate. of. I. in acetic. macronucleifiⅩed. and. alcohol. stained. acetic. with. OrCeln.. Figs,. 5,. 6.. (Fig, 5). Median. resting. phase. distal. and ERl's,. showing. (Fig1 6). ER3's. and. Fig.. 7.. The. late. resting. phase. showlng. ER3's. Fig.. 8.. The. late. resting. phase. showing. ER2's,. reglOn･. From. in. ER4,s Fig.. 9.. late. The are. axial resting. their. on. Fixed. Fig.. the. phase to. way. six. mostly. after. uncoiling･. chained,. cultured. texture･. 10-12oC. the. of. orcein. with acetic ×2300. stained hours division showing after 10. Macrouncleus six is 22 hours. Fixed the Generation time of sister. for. sister. a. ×2300･. ER3's is. animal. of. number week･. and. early. ×23001. small. ERl's. showing. time. a. and. at. division. Generation. the macronucleiin loci (n)･ ×2800･. nucleolar. inner丘brillated. with. materials. hours. of the. portions. unstained. 23･5. which bours･. and. ERl's. on. their. stained. and. to. way. uncoiling･. acetic. with. orcein･. ×2300. Fig.. ll.. The. phase. letter. Fig.. 12.. The. Fig.. 13.. A. the. Fig.. 14.. 2nd. portion type. variant. peculiar variant. 2nd. the. of. stretched. 2nd. A. (n). band. identi丘es. type. type.. the. and. ×2300.. the. of. the and. peripheral. the. band. splrals showing. in the. larger. preparation. showing in the. the. and. ERA,s. and. macronucleus. longer. the. chained. type. variant of. of. mostly locus. type. lst variant. the. of. threads. coiled. showing. The. band. reorganization. preparation. structures. reglOn･. ×2300･. nucleolus･ phase･. the. preparation. related axial. ×2300･. reorganization phase･. somewhat. band. of. ×2300･ similar. to. the.

(23) M.. SAITO. Sec.. ⅠⅠ. Plate. I.

(24) lkp)anation Photomicrographs orcein.. Fig･. ×2300. 151 The band. Fig･. 161. Fig･. andmi1Ch 17･ Two. The. tion. Fig･. 18･. Figs･. larger bands in. phase. the. 19, 20. 21, 1ng. which. ERl's. are. duplicated Macrorruclei. portion. longer. threads. be. can. in the threads. early show of. alcohol. the. arranged. and. stained. with. acetic. phase.. post･duplication in ER3･s. ERl,s. and. the. peripheral. and. the. can. be. region. region. approaching the. each paired. of after the disappearance in the post･duplication. predominant threads. Stretched. paired. axial. the. and. showlng. type ordinary linear aggregates. immediately. Chromatin. 22･. the. type. phase in the. II. in acetic. macronuclei丘Ⅹed. lst variant. ER4's. of. Macronucleus. days･ Figs･. of the. post-duplication. Chained of. the. of. Plate. of. observed preparation. distinct. the. at. phase splrals. macronucleus parallel. to. other. threads of the. which in the early the. noted.. linear. portion. median h animals left are. band.. un. aggregates. fed in. connected. preparation. macronuclear. prepara･. reorganization but. phase,. late. axis.. for a. phase. three. line. show･.

(25) M.. SAITO. Sec.. ⅠⅠ. Plate. II.

(26) Explanatiom photomicrograpbs. of the. Plate. of. III. in acetic. macronuclei丘Ⅹed. alcohol. and. stained. acetic. with. OrCeln.. Fig.. 23.. Macronucleus. formed. orcein.. Figs.. Figs. Fig.. can. Fig.. 28.. median old. The be. 29. are. portion band. early. bands. formed. (Fig. 25). of. still remain.. Macronuclear resting. in. phase. same. ×2600. in their. anlagen. the. showing the. which. type. immature. in which. maCrOnuCleus stage. elongation ERl,s, ER8･s and. (Figs･. 24, 26) and. duplicated. threads. ×2300. a. small. of. number. the. rods. noticed.. The. immature. duplication Fig.. two bands, prematurely showing Fixed and stained with acetic anaphase. stage. predivisional (mi) is in the. micronucleus. Prematurely. of the 27-29.. 27.. The ×450.. 24-26. the. late. in the. The. post-duplication. band. in. transformed phase phases,. band letter. The. (pd).. phase. immature. gradually. construction. reorganization. (s). late. translocation. indicates. the. solution. the early stage of its translocation･ from the early preparation. (right side) which. in the. are. least. through. the. course. differentiated･. of. phase the. stage. and. plane･ Chromatin. the. post･. elements. (left side) to solution (s) and. the re･.

(27) M.. SAITO. Sec.. II.. Plate.ヨIIr. rigr$7J空堅. 塁空運窒Sf=. 顧露琵課題を墜望遠. eJ塁憂蓬整璽萱変遷L5,3璽遍=Fj4i,L@,匿国 Ll-2=}J塁塾璽5=聖霊璽璽遜憂LS,売方蓋 LLJj. 璽璽.

(28) of. Plate. 0.01M. NaOE. for. phase:. ERl's,. Explanation Figs.. Macronuclei. 30-32.. Fig.. 30.. Fig.. 31.. The. pretreated. macronucleus. extremely. with. in the. early. resting. IV one. minute. ER3's. ×2300.. and. the. are. rods. swollen.. The. in. macronucleus. late. the. resting. phase. rods. showing. and. fine. stretched. threads.. Fig. Figs.. 32.. The. solution. 33, 34.. in. Macronuclei. 33). Fig.. pyronin 35. The. were. macronucleus. distinguisbed.. Fig.. 36.. A. letter. The. given. staining.. to. ×2300. in. Toluidine. pbase･contrast. (n). the. shows. swollen,. early. (Fig. 34),. and nucleoli 14m〃, respectively.. (above). somewhat. plane,. letter. (n). facilitate. the. blue. small. phase, by. photographed. late. nuclelus. the. shows. comparison. resting. staining.. photograph a. resting. and. showing in the. its adjacent. phases.. (Fig.. showing. chromatin elements light of 630±14m.Le and. the. (below). nucleolus. the. of. phase.. two丘gures･. Irregular-shaped. 560±. its locus and Methyl green･. nucleoli. can. be. ×2300. macronucleus reconstruction. in. a. pbase･. living. animal･. ×2300･. The.

(29) M.. SAITO. Sec.. Ⅰ`Ⅰ.Plate. 聖毎. IV. g' LS葦. 迄. LL6. 霊. 蓬.

(30)