ガス電子増幅フォイルを用いた文化財調査用X線検 出器の開発
著者 犬塚 将英
雑誌名 保存科学
号 45
ページ 121‑132
発行年 2006‑03‑31
URL http://doi.org/10.18953/00003660
Creative Commons : 表示 ‑ 非営利 ‑ 改変禁止 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‑nc‑nd/3.0/deed.ja
Ǭǹᩓ܇فࠢȕǩǤȫǛဇƍƨ ૨҄ᝠᛦ௹ဇ᳒ዴ౨Ј֥Ʒႆ
ࡂ! ם
ˍȅ͉̲͛ͅ
! ا़༗ంشڠ͈ࡄݪ͉́Ȅষ͈̠̈́͢ˎ͈̾ਹါ̈́ࡄݪهఴ̦̜ͥ͂࡞̢ͥȃا़
ͬࢹ଼̳ͥऺၳ͂ୋै༹ܿͬشڠഎٜͅྶ̳̭ͥ͂ȃ̷̱̀ا़ͬڰဥ̱Ȅ̯ͣͅষଲయ͒
ഥ̢̞̩̹͈̀͛ͤ͢ၻ̞༗ం۪ޏͬݥ̳̭̜ͥ͂́ͥȃͤ͢ၻ̞༗ం۪ޏͬ൦̳ͥषͅ
͉Ȅచય͂̈́ͥا़ͬࢹ଼̳ͥৗ͈൳͉ຈါະخ̜̭̥ࠧ́ͥ͂ͣȄષ͈ˎത͉̤ࡽ
̞ͅྟ୪̈́۾߸̦̜̭͉ͥ͂࡞̠̞́̈́͘͜ȃ
! ̱̥̱ا़͈औ͉́Ȅদၳन̦৾ݺ̴̯ͦȄ෫ٟȆ୪ͬఱஜ༹̱̹͂ͬါݥ
̯ͦͥΉȜΑ̦ఉ̞̭̥͂ͣȄ˴ͬဥ̞̹औ༹༷͉༗ంشڠ͈Ⴄঃ͈ಎ́ਹါ̈́ڬͬ
̧̹̽̀ˍȫȃ̷̱̀߃ා͉́˴˟˰ͬဥ̞̹࿐ऺ͈ාႊාయ௶̈́̓Ȅ૧̱̞औ༹༷͜
ٳอ̯ͦ̀ڰဥ̯̞ͦ̀ͥˎȫȃ༷֚Ȅ˴൫ًज़ג͞˴ٝ୬͈̠̈́͢ਲြ̥ͣ၌ဥ̧̯ͦ̀
༹̹༷̞͉̾̀ͅ٨ၻ͈ဒ౷̦ॼ̯̞ͦ̀ͥ͂ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃ
! ˴൫ًज़גͥ͢ͅऔ͉Ȅ༗ంشڠ̴͈͙̈́ͣȄْٰ༹͈ܿ͞ಬ࣫Ȅࢥ͈ࠝࢹ௮̈́̓ͬྶ
̥̳̹ͣͥ͛ͅͅȄঃ͈̈́̓ఈ͈ࡄݪ́͜ਹါ̈́ڬͬض̧̹̱̹̀ȃ߃ා͈औম ႕͉́Ȅ႕̢͊ȄނസȆ۷౺֭ࡼఱݹߗ௬༨य़௨ˏȫ͞܊Ȇಎఄ߄൴੨௨ːȫ͈ࢹ௮Ȇ
༹ܿͬྶ̥̳̹͈ͣͥ͛ͅऔ̦ݷ̬ͣͦͥȃඅͅࢃ৪͉́Ȅਲြ߄൴ಎ؇͂ऒֲ౭ષͅ
հ౾̯̞̹ͦ̀੨͈֊൲̦ঐഊ̧̯̹̦ͦ̀Ȅ௨հ౾൚͈ழ̵͙ࣣ͈ͩఏ൚մͬݖ۷എͅ
া̧̳̭̦̹͈͉ͥ͂́Ȅ˴൫ًज़גͥ͢ͅऔࠫض̦ఱ̧̈́ڬͬض̹̱̹ˑȫȃ̹͘Ȅ
͉ͤ͞˴൫ًज़ג̽̀͢ͅ௨ඤොව͈ంह̦ྶ̥̹̭̦ͣ̈́̽͂ͅȄ૧͈ఱශြ௨̦
ࠄ͈ै̜́ͥخෝ̦̞̭ࣞ͂ͬা଼̳̹͈͛ضͅࠒ̦̹̽˒ȫȃ
! ̭͈̠͢ͅȄ˴൫ًज़ג଼ͥ͢ͅض͉ͅཿݷͅص̦̞̦̈́Ȅ̯ͣͅ߃ා̈́̽̀ͅḘ̏ͦ͘
́৽֓ͅၷ́၌ဥ̧̯̹ͦ̀ͼιȜΐϋΈȆίτȜΠͬঀဥ̱̹˴൫ًज़ג͜ا़
औ͒ഐဥ̧̯̠̹ͦͥ̈́̽̀͢ͅ˓ȫȃਲြ͈˴έͻσθͬঀ̹̽ज़ג͂ڛ̳ͥ͂Ȅࢩ̞Θ ͼηΛ·Ȇτϋΐͬခ̳̭ͥ͂ȄΟΐΗσاْ̯̹ͦ௨ΟȜΗͬං͈ͣͦͥ́༞ୃْ͞௨ੜ ၑ̦خෝ̜̭͈́ͥ͂̈́̓අಿ̞ͬ̽̀ͥȃͼιȜΐϋΈȆίτȜΠͬঀဥ̱̹औ̱͂̀Ȅ ࢺ̥ͣྶহ̥̫̀ͅै̹ͣͦشڠܿၳ͈औ˔ȫ͞ၢݩܕ͈࡛౷औ˕ȫ͈ࠫض̦̈́̓༭
̯̞࣬ͦ̀ͥȃ
! ˴ٝ୬ͬ၌ဥ̱̹ࠫએࢹ௮͈ٜଢ଼͜Ȅا़औ̤̞̀ͅਹါ̈́պ౾̧̹ͬ͛̀ȃȸ༗
ంشڠలˍȹ͉́ܡͅࢺུ݅ၑ୶̷͈ͤ͢ͅऔ༹̦ત̯̤ٚͦ̀ͤ10ȫȄ̷͈ࢃ͜ا
़ͬࢹ଼̳ͥऺৗȄແ଼Ȅْٰ͈ၳ͈අ̈́̓ͅ۾̳ͥအș̈́༭̦࣬อນ̯̞ͦ̀ͥ
11-13ȫ
ȃ̯ͣͅड߃͉́ȄεȜΗήσ̈́˴ٝ୬౾͈ٳอ̷ͦͣͬ͞ঀ̹࡛̽౷औ͈༭࣬͜
࡛͉̲̞ͦ͛̀ͥ14,15ȫȃ
! ոષ͈̠͢ͅȄX൫ًज़ג͂Xٝ୬ͬဥ̞̹औ͉༗ంشڠ͞ঃ͈́ఉ̩͈ުୡ
ͬॼ̱̞̀ͥȃ̱̥̱Ȅ࡛౷औͬဒܻ̩̯̈́ͦͥا़͜ఉ̞̭̥͂ͣȄخเ̈́௶౾͈
ຈါ͉ࣽࢃ̯̞̩̺̠ͣࣞ̽̀ͧ͘ͅȃ̭͈̠̈́͢ેޙ̥ͣȄا़͈औͅࠈͩͥࡄݪ৪
̦औ࿒എࣣͅ౿̱̹૧̱̞ܕͬඊু́ٳอ̳̭ͥ͂ͅփ̦̜݅ͥ͂ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃ̷̱̀
૧̱̞ܕ͉ͅȄ൲ैࡔၑ͞ঀဥ༹༷̦Ώϋίσ̜̭̦́ͥ͂ါݥ̯ͦȄ̯ͣͅհث̜́ͥ
̭̦͂བ̱̞͘ȃ
! ̭̭ତා́ளၥঊȆࡔঊړၑ͈̈́̓ͬಎͅٳอࡄݪ̦ૺ̞ͭ́ͥ΄Αഩঊ௩໙έ
ͼσͬ၌ဥ̳̭ͥ͂ͤ͢ͅȄ۰༒Ȅհث̥̾εȜΗήσ̈́Xܕͬୋै̧́ͥخෝ̦̜
ͥȃུ༭͉࣬́Ȅ΄Αഩঊ௩໙έͼσͬဥ̞̹Xܕ͈ا़ࡄݪ͈͒ഐဥ͈خෝͅ
̞̾̀൦̱̹ࠫض̞͓̾̀ͥͅȃडͅ΄Αഩঊ௩໙έͼσ͈൲ैࡔၑȄ࣭ඤ̤̫ͥͅ
ٳอેޙ̹̈́̓ͬ͂͛͘ࢃͅȄ΄Αഩঊ௩໙έͼσͬဥ̞̹ˎਅ႒͈ܕͬત̳ٚͥȃ̭
͈ͦͣܕ͉ܡͅ୭̦ࠗਞၭ̱Ȅ࡛ह(2005ා12)͉ୋैٴ̜ͥͅȃ̷̱̀2006ාˍͅ
ίυΠΗͼίܕ଼̦̳ۖͥထ̜́ͥȃ
ˎȅ΄Αഩঊ௩໙έͼσȪ)'/ȫ
ˎȽˍȅ΄Αഩঊ௩໙έͼσ͉͂!
! ΄Αഩঊ௩໙έͼσ(Gas Electron Multiplier foilȄոئGEM͂ၞ̳)͉ȄπȜυΛΩࡔঊړ ࡄݪܥࢹ(CERN)́อྶ̯̹ͦഩঊ௩໙ܕ̜́ͥ16ȫȃˍऒ͈ࡐޢৢ૯̜̠ͥ͢ͅͅȄGEM
͉̞͂ࣞఛ͂ܥ٫ޑഽȄ೩̞ညഩၚͬခ̳ͥࣞঊέͻσθ̜́ͥεςͼηΡȆέͻσθ
͈ၰ࿂ͬൾ́ໞ̱ȄЋ50Ђmഽ͈ࢢ̦100Ђmഽ͈άΛΊٳ̫̞ͣͦ̀ͥࢹ௮̱̞ͬ̀
ͥȃ௩໙΄Αಎͅ୭౾̱̹GEM͈ၰൾഩޭͅତຐVഽ͈ഩգ̥̫ͬͥ͂Ȅˍֲ͈̠͢ͅȄ ࢢ͈ಎ͉ͅݢ࢙͈ഩા̦̲Ḙ̭̏ͬഩঊً̧̦̳ͥ͂ͅഩঊ͈ୱ༲̦อ̱̦̀௩ ໙̯ͦͥȄ̞̠͈̦͂GEM͈൲ैࡔၑ̜́ͥȃ௩໙ܕ̱͂̀GEMͬဥ̞ͥ৽̈́၌ത͉ոئ
͈̜ͤ́ͥȇ
Ȇৗၾ̦ઁ̞̈́ܕ͈ୋै̦خෝ̜́ͥȃ
Ȇ௩໙͂උ͙̱࣐̠ͬ̈́໐ͬၗ̱̀Ȅܕ͈ΟΎͼϋ̦خෝ̜́ͥȃ
Ȇఉࢹ௮́ͬ௩໙̧̳̭̦ͥ͂́ͥ17ȫȃ̭͈̹͛χͼμȜͬဥ̞̹΄Αܕ͂ڛ
̳ͥ͂Ȅ௶͈ૄ̜̹̽ͅΘͼηΛ·Ȇτϋΐͅͅచ؊̧́Ȅ೩ഩգ́ঀဥخෝ
͂̈́ͤȄ༶ഩ͈ږၚͬ೩̩ဲ̢̧̭̦ͥ͂́ͥȃ
Ȇ൵ఘܕ͂ڛ̳ͥ͂Ȅհث̜́ͤȄఱ࿂ୟ͈͒ڐಫ̦ယօ̜́ͥȃ
ˍ! GEM͈ࡐޢৢ૯Ȫऒȫ͂ഩգ̧̥̫̹͈ͬ͂ഩܨႁȪֲȫ
! ड߃͈GEMͅ۾̳ͥٳอ͈ેޙ͂ഐဥ႕͉४ࣉࡃ18ȫ̞͂͛ͣͦ̀ͥ͘ͅȃഐဥ႕̱͉͂̀Ȅ ளၥঊȆࡔঊړࡑ̤̫ͥͅكഩၥঊܕ19ȫȄഩঊে༆౾20ȫ̦̈́̓ݷ̬ͣͦȄֳಐ
ၑ͈͉́GEMͬဥ̞̹X͈༊͈ࠗٳอ̦࣐̞̈́̓̈́ͩͦ̀ͥ21ȫȃ̯ͣͅȄၑ͈ࡄݪ
̴͈͙̈́ͣȄΑ;ͿȜΟϋ͈֓ၷܥ۾͉́༶ৣহၷဥ͈ΫȜθκΣΗȜ͈͒؊ဥ͜ૺ͛
̞ͣͦ̀ͥ22ȫȃ
! ̭͈̠͢ͅȄGEMͬဥ̞̹ܕٳอ͉အș̈́́ૺ̞͛ͣͦ̀ͥȃ̭̦͂ͧȄGEM͈ࢹ ௮ুఘ͉ޭ͛̀Ώϋίσ̴̜̥̥́ͥͩͣ͜ͅḘ̏ͦ́͘CERNͬੰ̩͂ȄGEMͬୋै̱̠͢
̞̠͂দ͙͉͕࣐̭̥̹͂ͭ̓̈́ͩͦ̀̈́̽ȃ̱̥̱Ȅނఱڠఱڠ֭ၑڠࠏࡄݪش້௺ࡔঊ ړشڠࡄݪΓϋΗȜ(ఱCNS)͈ΈσȜί͉ᙎષη·υԺ͈͂ވ൳ࡄݪͤ͢ͅȄίρΒζȆΛ ΙϋΈͬဥ̞̹࣭ඤ͈́GEM͈ୋै଼̱̹ͅ23ȫȃˎ͈౯࿂ৢ૯ͅࡉ̠ͣͦͥ͢ͅȄίρΒ ζȆΛΙϋΈͬဥ̞̀ୋै̳ͥ͂ȄGEM͈ࢢ͉ൟે͈ΑΠτȜΠ̈́ࠁે͂̈́ͤȄ̞ࣞഩঊ ਓਬၚ͂ΙλȜΐͺΛί͈ږၚ͈ࡘઁ̦ܢఞ̧́ͥȃ̯ͣͅȄၑاڠࡄݪਫ਼͈ΈσȜί̦ٳอ
̱̹τȜΎȜȆΛΙϋΈͬ၌ဥ̱̹ୋै࣐̞̈́ͩͦ̀ͥ͜24ȫȃ
ˎ! ίρΒζȆΛΙϋΈͬဥ̞̀ୋै̱̹GEM͈౯࿂ৢ૯
ˎȽˎȅHFNͬဥ̞̹˴ܕ͈႕!
! ̭̭͉́ȄఱCNŚୋै̯̹ͦ˴ܕ͈႕ͬત̳ٚͥ23ȫȃࢢ͈ࠂ͉70ЂḿάΛΙ͉
140Ђḿ̜ͤȄ10cm*10cm͈࿂ୟͬ̾GEMͬঀဥ̱̹ȃˏ͈ܕ͈ٽැͅຝ̥ͦ̀
̞̠ͥ͢ͅȄΙλϋΨȜඤͅGEMͬۼڞ̦ˎmm̠̈́ͥ͢ͅͅˎ̹͉͘ˏͅਹ͇̀୭౾̱̹ȃ GEM͈͒ഩգ͉ˏಎ͈HV2̥ͣࢯڬ̱ͬ̀ރݯ̱̹ȃडષ͈GEM͈3mmષၠ͉ͅες ͼηΡȆέͼσ͈༌࿂ͬൾ́ໞ̱̹
έͼσȪΡςέΠโȫͬ౾̱ȄHV1̥
ͣഩգͬރݯ̱̹ȃHV2͈ഩպ͉HV1͈ഩ պͤ͢͜600V̧̩̱̤ࣞ̀ȄGEM͂Ρςέ Πโ͈ۼ͈ΡςέΠႀ֖́อ̱̹ഩঊ̦
GEM͈༷͒֊൲̧̠̱̹́ͥ͢ͅȃˎ̹͘
͉ˏ͈GEMͤ͢ͅୱ༲࡛ય̭̱̹ͬܳ
ഩঊ͉Ȅ15mm*15mm͈උ͙̱ΩΛΡͅ
ൢో̳ͥȃඋ͙̱ΩΛΡͅည̯̹ܳͦഩ ك͉ஜ௩໙ٝႹͬࠐ̹ࢃ́CAMACΏΑ Ξθ͈ADCκΐνȜσͤ͢ͅΟΐΗσ་
̯۟ͦ̀ȄϋάνȜΗȜષܱ̯̹ͦͅȃ ˏ! HFNͬဥ̞̹ܕ͈႕34ȫ!
! ࡙̱͉͂̀ˏ̜̠ͥ͢ͅͅȄ5.9keV͈Xͬચৣ̳ͥ༶ৣ࡙(55Fe)ͬဥ̞̹ȃΙλϋ ΨȜඤ͉50cc/min͈ၠ௸́ͺσΌϋ͈ईࣣ΄Α(Ar(90%)-CH4(10%)̹͉͘AR(70%-CO2(30%))
̵۪̯̹ͬȃΡςέΠႀ֖ಎ́ഩ࢘ض̦̭̹ܳ̽ાࣣȄ८၄̯̹ͦഩঊ͈ඵষ८၄ͤ͢ͅȄ 30eVഽ͈ഩঊ̦200ࡢอ̳ͥ25ȫȃ̭͈ͦͣഩঊ̦GEM͒֊൲̱Ȅˎ̹͉͘ˏ͈GEMͅ
ͤ͢௩໙̯ͦͥȃːͅˎਅ႒͈ͺσΌϋईࣣ΄Αͬဥ̞̹শ͈͈ືͬা̳ȃ̴̞͈ͦ
ાࣣ͜5.9keVͅ൚̳ͥנ̞άȜ·͂ΑΉȜίȆάȜ·Ȫഩ࢘ض̦̭̹ܳ̽শȄLڔഩঊ
̦Kڔ͒֊࣐̳ͥष̲ͥͅঊ̦۷௶̴̥̥ͣͅḘ͈̏ΥσΆȜպओ͈̺̫Υσ ΆȜ̦̯̩௶̯̹ͦાࣣ͈άȜ·ȫ̦۷௶̯̤ͦ̀ͤȄܕ̦ୃ̱̩൲ै̱̞̹̭̀͂
̦ږ̯̹ͦȃ̭͈ͦͣࠫض̥ͣȄܕ͈௩໙ၚͅ་̳۟ͥ͂ˑ͈̠̹̈́̽͢ͅȃˑ́
͉Ȅ֚ཿ̜̹͈ͤGEMͅރݯ̳ͥഩգ͈ఱ̧̯ͅచ̱̀Ȅ௩໙ၚ̦͈̠̓͢ͅ་ا̳͈̥ͥͬ
া̱̜̀ͥȃͺσΌϋ΄Αಎ́GEMͬˏͅਹ͇̀ঀဥ̱̹ાࣣ͉ͅȄࡢș͈GEMͅ300̥ͣ
400Vഽ͈ഩգͬރݯ̳̭ͥ͂ͤ͢ͅ10000͈௩໙ၚͬං̭̦̥̹ͣͦͥ͂ͩ̽ȃ
ː! GEMܕ̥ͣං̹ͣͦື23ȫ
ऒ̦Ar(90%)-CH4(10%)Ȅֲ̦Ar(70%)-CO2(30%)̵۪̯̹ͬાࣣ͈ࠫض̜́ͥȃ
ˑ! HFNͅރݯ̱̹ഩգͅచ̳ͥ௩໙ၚ͈௶ࠫض!
ˏȅا़औ͈̹͈͛ܕ͈୭ࠗ
! ˎȽˎ͉́GEMͬ၌ဥ̱̹۰ౙ̈́ܕ(ˏ)͈႕ͬત̱̹ٚȃ̭͈ܕͬอത̱͂Ȅ ոئͅা̳̠̯ͣ͢ͅͅ٨ၻͬح̢̀Ȅا़औ͈̹͈͛˴൫ًज़גဥܕ͂˴ٝ୬ ဥܕͬ୭̱̹ࠗȃ
ˏȽˍȅ˴൫ًज़גဥܕ!
! ˏ́ત̱̹ٚܕ́ဥ̞̹ͣͦܕ͈උ͙̱ΩΛΡ̯̯̩̱͓ͬͣ̀ͦ͊ͅȄ ˎষࡓ͈ͼιȜΐϋΈ̦خෝ̈́ܕ̧̦࡛́ͥخෝ̦̜ͥȃषͅCERŃ͉Ȅ8.0keV
͈˴࡙ͬဥ̞̀;κς͈൫ًज़ג଼̱̞̀ͥͅ26ȫȃ
! ̱̥̱Ȅ֓ၷܥ۾́ঀဥ̯̞ͦ̀ͥτϋΠΊϋज़ג͂൳အͅȄا़͈ાࣣ͜൫ًज़ג͢ͅ
ͤऔ࣐̠ͬ̈́ાࣣȄങ߿എ͉ͅ100kVഽ͈˴ۯݩ̦ঀဥ̯̞ͦ̀ͥ7-9ȫȃ
! ௩໙΄Αಎ̤̫ͥͅ˴͈ݟਓಿ͈ΥσΆȜջం͉˒͈̠̈́ͥ͢ͅȃ˒̥̥ͣͩͥ
ͤȄͺσΌϋͬဥ̞̹ાࣣ͈100keV̤̫ͥͅݟਓಿ͉30m͜ͅో̱̱̞̀͘Ȅ࡛എ̈́ఱ̧
̯͈ܕͬୋै̳͈͉ͥະخෝ̜́ͥȃ༷֚Ȅͤ͢ਹ̞ܛ΄Ά̜ͥ·ςίΠϋ͞΅ΓΦϋ
͈ાࣣ͉ͅȄ100keV̤̫ͥͅݟਓಿ̷̸͉ͦͦˑm͂ˍḿ̜ͥȃ·ςίΠῧ΅ΓΦῧ͉
͜ͅGEMܕ͈௩໙΄Α̱͂̀ܡ̷͈ͅࡑࠫض̦༭̯̞̦࣬ͦ̀ͥ27,28ȫȄثڒ̦ͤ͢հث
̜́ͤȄ̱̥͜100keVഽ͈˴ͬഩ࢘ض̽̀͢ͅݟਓ̳ͥෝႁ̦̞ࣞ΅ΓΦϋͬঀဥ̳ͥ
̭̱̹͂ͅ(·ͿϋΙλȜȆ΄Α̱͂̀CO2ͬ10%ई̵ࣣ̯ͥ)ȃࠗॳͥ͂͢ͅ΅ΓΦϋͬဥ̞̹
ાࣣ͉ͅȄˑcm͈ΡςέΠႀ֖̦̜ͦ͊100keV͈˴͈ˑ%̧̳̭̦͈ͬͥ͂́ͥ́Ȅ خเ̈́ఱ̧̯͈˴൫ًज़גဥܕͬୋै̳̭̦ͥ͂خෝ͂̈́ͥȃ
˒! ௩໙΄Αಎ̤̫ͥͅ˴͈ݟਓಿ͈ΥσΆȜջం
! ̱̥̱Ȅˏ͂൳အ̱̹͘͘ͅΡςέΠโͬGEM̥ͣˑcmၗ̳ࢹ௮̳̺̫͉ͥ́ͅ࿚ఴ̦
̲ͥȃΡςέΠโ̥ͣGEḾ͈͘൝ഩպ࿂̦࣐̞̹̈́ͣ̈́͛ͅȄංͣͦͥˎষࡓْ௨̦ეͭ
̺͈̈́ͥ͜ͅޔ̦̜̥̜ͦͥͣ́ͥȃ̭͈࿚ఴ̳̹ͬٝͥ͛ͅȄܡͅఈ͈ࡑ́ୡ̦̜ͥ
̠͢ͅ29ȫȄഩા͈ାࠁͬ࿒എ̱̹͂ܖโ(έͻȜσΡȆΉȜΐ)ͬΡςέΠႀ֖͈௰࿂ͅ୭౾̳
ͥȃ
! ոષ͈̭̦͂ͣͬࣉၪ̱̹ષ́Ȅ˓͈ٽැͅা̱̹̠̈́͢˴ܕͬୋै̳̭ͥ͂ͅ
̱̹ȃܡͅ୭͉ࠗਞၭ̱̤̀ͤȄႅוୈܕԺ̤̞̀ͅୋै̦࣐̞̈́ͩͦ̀ͥȃඋ͙̱ΩΛΡ
ͅ۾̱͉̀Ȅ10mm*10mmȄ1.1mm*1.1mmȄ0.6mm*0.6mm͈ˏ͈ͤఱ̧̯ͬΞΑΠ̧́ͥܖ โͬୋै̱ບث࣐̠ͬ̈́ထ̜́ͥȃ
˓! ˴൫ًज़גဥܕ͈ٽැ
ˏȽˎȅ˴ٝ୬ဥܕ!
! ا़ͬࢹ଼̳ͥऺৗȄແ଼Ȅْٰ͈ၳ͈අ̈́̓ͬ࿒എ̱͂̀Ȅ˴ٝ୬ͬ၌ဥ
̱̹ࠫએࢹ௮͈ٜଢ଼͉ا़औ༹͈ಎ́͜ਹါ̈́ڬ̧̹ͬ̽̀ȃদၳ͈ࠫએ࿂͈ۼڞͬ
d̳͂ͥ͂Ȅ෨ಿЁ͈˴ͬවৣڙϾ́ચৣ̱̹ાࣣȄոئ͈Bragg͈ૄͬྖ̹̱̹শͅ८ ၄ڙ̦Ͼ༷࢜́˴͉ޑࣣ̠͛30ȫȇ
nЁ=2dȆsinϾ
! ˴ٝ୬ͬ၌ဥ̱̹औ༹༷͉ͅఱ̧̩̫̀ˎਅ႒ంह̳ͥȃ͌͂̾࿒͉Ȅࠨ̹̽͘պ౾ (८၄ڙϾͬࡥ)ͅܕͬ୭౾̱Ȅฒ˴ͬચৣ̱̀ΥσΆȜȆΑβ·Πσٜଢ଼࣐ͬ̈́
༹̠༷̜́ͥ15ȫȃ̱̥̱GEMܕ͉́Ȅː́া̱̹ΥσΆȜື̥̥̠ͣͩͥ͜͢ͅȄ 5.9keV͈́ΥσΆȜٜෝ̦20%ഽ̜̭̥́ͥ͂ͣȄΥσΆȜ८߿͈˴ٝ୬ဥ
ܕ̱͂̀ဥ̞͈͉ͥഐ൚͉̞́̈́ȃ̽̀͢Ȅུ༭͉́Ȅౙ˴࡙(Ёͬࡥ)͈වৣڙͬ་ا
̵̯̀Ȅ८၄˴̦ޑࣣ̠͛ڙഽ͓ͬͥϾȽˎϾΑ΅λϋ༹͈̹͈͛ܕٳอͬࣉ̢̞̀
̩ȃ
! ϾȽˎϾΑ΅λΰ༹͉Ȅ˴͈වৣڙ͂Si-PINܕ͈̈́̓८၄˴̳ͬͥ௶ܕ͈
༷࢜ͬ൝̱̩̳̠ͥ͢ͅଷࢄ̱̫̞̹̈́ͦ͊̈́ͣ̈́͛Ȅܥ٫എ̈́ࢹ௮̦ໝॠ̰̈́ͣͥͬͅං̈́
̞ȃ̱̥̱ȄGEMͬဥ̞ͥ͂ܜةڠഎ̈́ႀ֖͈ࢩ̞ܕ͈͒ڐಫ̦ယօ̜̭̥́ͥ͂ͣȄ
ܕ໐ͬࡥ̳̭̦ͥ͂خෝ͂̈́ͥȃ̽̀͢ߐ൲໐ͬࡘ̧̳̭̦͈ͣ͂́ͥ́ܥ٫എ̈́ࢹ ௮̦۰ၞا̯ͦȄ̯ͣͅऔ͈చય͂̈́ͥا़ͬఅੱ̱̱̠͈̀̈́̓͘ম̦อ̳ͥږၚ
ͬࠚࡘ̧̳̭̦ͥ͂́ͥȃ
˔! HFNͬဥ̞̹˴ٝ୬ဥܕ!
! ˔ͬဥ̞̀Ȅܕͅݥ͛ͣͦͥॽအͬ൦̱͙̹̀ȇ Ȇࠫએࢹ௮͈අͅຈଌ̜́ͥ20°̥ͣ50°͈ႀ֖ͬΨȜ̳ͥȃ
Ȇخเ߿ܕٳอͬැ൮ͅ౾̞̞̹̀ͥ͛Ȅ௶ࠏఘ̦ఱ̧̨̳̞̠̱̹̞̈́͢ͅȃ̽͢
̀দၳ̥ͣܕ͈́͘ݻၗͬ20cm̳͂ͥȃ
Ȇࠫએࢹ௮ͬඅ̳̹͉ͥ͛ͅȄϾ͈ٜෝͬ0.01°ഽ̳ͥͅຈါ̦̜ͥȃܕ͈́͘ݻ
ၗͬ20cm̱̹͂ાࣣͅȄܕͅݥ͛ͣͦͥպ౾ٜෝ͉35Ђḿ̜ͥȃ̭͈̹͛Ȅඋ
͙̱໐͈ΑΠςΛίȄΩΛΡ̹͉͘ά·Γσ͈ͼΒ̱͂̀100Ђmഽ͈ܖโ̦ຈါ
͂̈́ͥȃ
Ȇවৣ˴͈෨ಿ͉ങ߿എ̈́ࠫએ࿂͈ۼڞ͂൳ഽ̦བ̱̞͘ȃΥσΆȜ۟ͅॳ̳ͥ͂
ˑkeVഽ̜̭̥́ͥ͂ͣȄဥ̞ͥ௩໙΄Α͉ͺσΌϋ̦ഐ൚̜́ͥȃ
ոષːതͬࣉၪ̱̹ࠫضȄඋ͙̱໐ͬੰ̞̹ܕ͈ܖུഎ̈́ࢹ௮͉ˏ͂൳အ͈̈́͂͜
̳̭̱̹ͥ͂ͅȃ̹̺̱ȄϾ༷͈࢜௶̦ਹါ̜̭̥́ͥ͂ͣȄGEM͈࿂ୟ͉10cm*10cḿ͉
̩̈́Ȅ10cm*ˏcm̳̭͂ͥ͂ͤ͢ͅܕఘ͈ఱ̧̯ͬͤ͢ϋΩ·Π̳ͥͅȃ̭͈̠̈́͢
ΙλϋΨȜͬͼΐȜԺ࡛̀ͅहୋैಎ̜́ͥȃ
! උ͙̱໐̞͉̾̀ͅȄ࡛ह͈̭͂ͧոئ͈ˎ༹͈༷̾ͬ൦ಎ̜́ͥȇ
ȆAJAT২͈ୋ̜́ͥCd-Te CMOSΓϋȜ͉˴͈ˎষࡓْ௨ͬ100Ђmഽ͈ٜෝ́༛
̢̧̭̦ͣͥ͂́ͥȃ̹͘Windowsဥ͈ΕέΠ;Ϳͺ͜ୋͅ܄̤ͦ̀ͤ͘ȄPCષ́ςͺ σΗͼθ͈ˎষࡓْ௨ͬ۰ౙͅංͣͦͥ၌ത̜ͥ͜ȃ̭͈ΓϋȜͬඋ͙̱໐̱͂̀
ܕͅ୭౾̳ͦ͊௲जͅऔͅຈါ̈́ΟȜΗ̦ං̺̠ͣͦͥͧȃ̱̥̱Ḙ͈̏ΓϋȜ
͉ુࣞͅڣ̜̹́ͥ͛Ȅडͅষ༹͈༷ͬদ̱͙̭̱̹̀ͥ͂ͅȃ
Ȇ10cm*ˏcm͈උ͙̱ܖโͅ˕͈̠̈́͢ΑΠςΛίે͈ΩΛΡ֣ͬक़̳ͥȃڎΑΠςΛ ί͈ၰ͉ႋ୪̳ͥΑΠςΛί͂ΙΛίે͈ࢯளঊ́୪̳ͥȃܖโಎ͈ၰ̜ͥͅΑ ΠςΛί͉ͅඋ͙̱ဥ͈άϋ̹ͬ̀̀Ȅၰ௰́۷௶̯ͦͥഩك͈చઠ̥ͣ˴͈ව
ৣպ౾ͬඅ̳ͥȃΙΛίࢯ́୪̳̭ͥ͂ͥ͢ͅଷࡠ̥ͣȄΑΠςΛί͈άΛΙ͉
0.7mm̱̹͂ȃ
डͅˎ๔࿒༹͈༷ͅܖ̞̿̀ܖโ͈ै଼̱̹ͬࢃ́ȄςιȜΗȜ́ਰ̯̩ࣆ̹̽55Fe
̥͈ͣ˴ͬဥ̞̭ͥ͂ͤ͢ͅḘ͈̏උ༹͙̱༷͈ບث࣐̠ͬ̈́ထ̜́ͥȃ
! ̹͘Ȅհث̥̾ਰ̈́պ౾ٜෝ̦ංͣͦͥఈ͈උ༹͙̱༷͈خෝ̞̾̀͜ͅ൳শͅ
൦̧̱̞̹̞̀͂ࣉ̢̞̀ͥȃ
˕! ˴ٝ୬ဥܕ͈උ͙̱͈̹͈͛ΞΑΠܖโ
ːȅ͂͛͘
! ا़͈औ͉́Ȅদၳन̦৾ݺ̴̯ͦȄ෫ٟȆ୪ͬఱஜ༹̱̹͂ͬါݥ̯ͦͥ
ΉȜΑ̦ఉ̞̭̥͂ͣȄ˴൫ًज़ג͞˴ٝ୬͈̈́̓औ༹༷͉༗ంشڠ͈Ⴄঃ͈ಎ́ਹါ
̈́ڬ̧̹ͬ̽̀ȃ̱̥̱Ȅ࡛౷औͬဒܻ̩̯̈́ͦͥا़͜ఉ̞̭̥͂ͣȄخเ̈́௶
౾͈ຈါ͉ࣽࢃ̯̞̩ͣࣞ̽̀͂͘ͅࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃ
! ຊ৪͉΄Αഩঊ௩໙έͼσ(GEM)ͬ၌ဥ̳ͥ͂Ȅ۰༒Ȅհث̥̾εȜΗήσ̈́˴ܕ
ͬඊু́ୋै̧́ͥخෝͅ࿒̱̹ȃུ༭͉́ȄGEMͬဥ̞̹˴൫ًज़גဥܕ͂˴
ٝ୬ဥܕ̞̾̀ͅ୰ྶ̱̹ͬȃ̭͈ͦͣܕ͉ܡͅ୭̦ࠗਞၭ̱Ȅ࡛ह(2005ා12)͉
ୋैٴ̜ͥͅȃ2006ාˍͬထ̱̞̀ͥίυΠΗͼί͈ܕ଼̦ۖࢃͅḘ͈̏ͦͣ
ܕ͈ෝບث࣐̠ͬ̈́ထ̜́ͥȃ
৫ৃ
! ུࡄݪ଼͉17ාഽ໐شڠજشڠࡄݪ༞੩߄৹ࡄݪ(A)ȶا़͈൫ًज़ג̤͍͢ऺ
ৗऔͬ࿒എ̱̹͂૧̱̞˴ܕ͈ٳอȷ͈̳ͥ́͢͜ͅȃ
! ނا़ࡄݪਫ਼ފႁାۗȆ२׆ੇঙ͉̲̱ͬ͛͂̀Ȅ༗ంشڠ໐Ȇ்ణࢬঙȄ࣭ष
ا़༗ంਘ໘ފႁΓϋΗȜȆݤೋྶঙȄૂ༭ାȆ०֔ໍঙȄ̷̱̀ނࠝఱڠȆઐ
ോಱਜঙ͉ͅ˴ͬဥ̞̹ا़औͅ۾̱̱̀͘Ȅఱ་ခף̮̈́੩࡞͂ૂ༭̧̞̹̺̱ͬ͘
̹ȃ
! ུࡄݪ͈ܿ࿂͈आ଼̳ۚͬGEMܕٳอ͈ఉ̩͈໐͉Ȅஜ͈ఱCNSȆຩڈࡄݪ
ͅਫ਼௺̱̞̹̀শͅਠං̱̹͈̳́͜ȃ̹͘Ȅၑاڠࡄݪਫ਼Ȇࡄݪ֥͈ޮഔঙ̥͉ͣခף̈́
ૂ༭̈́̓ͬං̧̭̦̱̹ͥ͂́͘ȃ
! ႅוୈܕԺ͈ा֔გঙȄିؚฎ֚ঙȄ߃გຳঙȄ̷̱̀ͼΐȜԺ͈ࡓനၻ֚ঙȄ קྫྷനঙȄఱೋޕঙ͉ͅȄܕ͈୭ࠗ͂ୋैٴ̮́ފႁ̧̞̹̺̱̹͘ȃ
̹͘ȄނസၛఱڠȆ၏וඈঙ͉ͅࡑ͈ٴ̤̞̀ͅఉఱ̮̈́ފႁ̧̞̹̺̱̹ͬ͘ȃ
! ̭̭ܱ̱̀ۜͅ৫౿̱̳͘ȃ
४ࣉࡃ!
ˍȫ२׆ੇȇȸࡣͬشڠ̳ͥȹȄᎢफ൴ๅ(2001)
ˎȫȸا֒ॲ͈ଲٮ! Volume 16 අਬȆාႊාయ༹ȹȄ࣭ष࣎ުڼٛ২(2005) ˏȫȸਹါၳਬ଼ͅ۾̳ͥࡄݪȹȄނا़ࡄݪਫ਼໐༭࣬(2002)
ːȫခٖટၦȇಎఄͬಎ̳͂ͥ؈ਗࡔا࠷͈ਕޗಬ௨ͅ۾̳ͥऔࡄݪȄشࡄ༭࣬(2003) ˑȫஃ֔გȇಎఄಬ௨ࡄݪ͈࡛हȄᄵޗᩖȄ277Ȅ13-24(2004).
˒ȫ५ུ༓ȇ૧͈ఱශြ௨͂ࠄȄނ࣭ၛฎ܁MUSEUMȄNo.589(2004)
˓ȫઐോಱਜȄ२׆ੇȇ൫ً˴ज़ג̤̫ͥͅˢ˟ˮ͂έͻσθ͈ෛഽඅ͈ڛȄ༗ంشڠȄ43Ȅ 17-24(2003)
! ! ઐോಱਜȄ२׆ੇȇ֣क़ဥୋๅσΕέͻσθRO-100͂HS͈ηΏΈρέͻज़גဥέͻσθ
̱͈͂̀අȄ༗ంشڠȄ44Ȅ35-43(2004)
˔ȫ२׆ੇȄઐോಱਜȇˢ˟ˮͥ͢ͅΠπΗτ·Ώοϋ͈औȄ༗ంشڠȄ44Ȅ25-3(2004)
˕ȫଳგȇ׆ഞঌ܁ਓ௬ܕၳ͈شڠऔݞ͍ܿऺၳଢ଼Ȅ͈̼̾͢׆ഞঌا໐ܮါ!
ۏȄ124-138(2005).
10ȫࢺུ݅ၑȇ˴ଢ଼༹ͥ͢ͅا़͈ऺৗࡄݪȄ༗ంشڠȄ1Ȅ34-39(1964)
11ȫऎ୷ٰȄݤೋྶȄ෯ᙎݛຳȇఱධఱ૾ؐ௨ሉࠁ͈ਘ໘ऺၳͅ۾̳ͥܖயΟȜΗȽ࿐
ፁಎ͈࿐ፁ͈औ̤͍͢।ಎ͈।͈औȽȄ༗ంشڠȄ33Ȅ35-46Ȅ(1995)
12ȫઐനঃȄ࿐้ຳȇࣞඃ࣭֭༯ൾ௮Ւకශြछ௨͈ນ࿂଼̳ͥͅແ଼͈ٜଢ଼Ȅ༗ంش ڠȄ35Ȅ1-20Ȅ(1997)
13ȫਝ५ঊȄ෯ಱၨȄ்ణࢬȇၨߢ͈द̤͍͢໓ا଼ͅ۾̳ͥࡄݪȄ༗ంشڠȄ41Ȅ 131-138Ȅ(2001)
14ȫݤೋྶȇࡣయ౷༷֭́ဥ̞̹ͣͦद͈අಭ̞̾̀ͅȄల27ٝا़༗ంਘ໘ڠٛါকਬȄ 19-20Ȅ(2005)
15ȫM.Uda: In situ characterization of ancient plaster and pigments on tomb walls in Egypt using energy dispersive X-ray diffraction and fluorescence, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 226Ȅ75-82Ȅ(2004).
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30ȫςΞͻȇȸ૧ๅȆ˴ٝ୬ါაȹȄઐఆ࡙ఊȄͺΈΥઇ໓২Ȅ(1980).
΅ȜχȜΡȇ΄Αഩঊ௩໙έͼσ(Gas Electron Multiplier foil, GEM)Ȅ˴൫ًज़ג(X-ray radiography)Ȅ˴ٝ୬(X-ray diffraction)
Development of X-ray Detectors Using Gas Electron Multiplier Foil for Cultural Properties
Masahide INUZUKA
For investigation into cultural properties, X-ray radiography and material analysis using X-ray diffraction have played important roles in the field of conservation science of cultural properties. Moreover, the demand for in situ analysis will increase further. In this situation, it is valuable for conservation scientists to develop new X-ray detectors that are suitable for their own studies.
Gas Electron Multiplier foil (GEM) can be one of the powerful tools to develop a simple and portable detector at less cost. This article provides basic ideas about new X-ray detectors using GEMs for X-ray radiography filled with Xe-based mixture gas and for X-ray diffraction filled with Ar-based mixture gas.
The design and specifications for these detectors have already been fixed and these detectors are now under construction. After finishing the construction, the author plans to evaluate these detectors using a radio-isotope.