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Aplasia of the Posterior Arch of the Atlas:

A Proposal for a New Clinical Classification

Teruaki   I

ZAKI1) 

, Etsuji S

HIOTA2) 

 and Jingfan Z

HANG2)

1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University

 2)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka University

Abstract:Partial or complete aplasia of the posterior arch of the atlas is often detected inciden- tally  when  a  patient  has  cervical  Xrays. Patients  with  this  anomaly  are  generally  asymptomatic. However,  some  cases  demonstrate  neurological  symptoms. It  is  important  to  predict  cases  of  this  anomaly  that  may  be  accompanied  with  neurological  symptoms. Between  April  2001  and  March  2005,  three  patients  were  encountered  who  had  an  anomalous  posterior  arch  of  the  atlas. The  anomalies  encountered  in  the  three  patients  were  midline  cleft(two  pa- tients)and  an  absence  of  the  posterior  arch  with  persistent  posterior  tubercle(one  patient). Based  on  our  clinical  experience  and  a  review  of  the  literature,  we  developed  a  new  clinical classification system for this condition. From a clinical point of view, aplasia of the pos- terior arch of the atlas can be classified into three types. Type Ⅰ is complete aplasia. Type Ⅱ  is partial aplasia with the isolated posterior fragment. Type Ⅱ is divided into subtypes depend- ing on the inward mobility of the isolated posterior fragment(Type Ⅱa without and Type Ⅱ b with mobility). Type Ⅲ is partial aplasia without the isolated posterior fragment. Our new 

classification is simple and unambiguous, and it also provides a clear direction for developing ap- propriate diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Key words:Cervical spine, Atlas, Arch, Anomaly, Classification

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