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Study of possible causes and factors for the increase in children with developmental disorders: changes in diagnosis, social acceptance, or the fetal environment?

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Study of possible causes and factors for the increase in children with developmental disorders: changes in diagnosis, social acceptance,

or the fetal environment?

Kazuyuki SAKATSUME

Education, medical institutions and welfare services have been confronted with increasing num- bers of children with developmental disorders.

A fact-finding survey of Japanese schools has shown that the number of children with develop- mental disorders has been increasing since about 1996.

A number of factors have been identified as causes of the increase in the numbers of children with developmental disorders, including the following: the view that there is a continuity between nor- mal development and developmental disorders, which has arisen together with changes in diagnostic criteria; changes in the societal acceptance of developmental disorders, which have arisen as knowledge of this condition becomes increasingly widespread; and change in the fetal environment, which can be inferred from the increase in low birth weights. In fact, birth weights in Japan are falling. The percent- age of natal babies with a birth weight less than 2500 g have been increasing since around 1980. One cause of the fall in birth weights is thought to be maternal malnutrition. Exposure to this causes epi- genetic changes in the fetal brain, with the risk of development being adversely affected.

In this article, the author examines the increase in children with developmental disorders and fac- tors thought to be the cause thereof.

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