Utilization of riparian forests and windbreak forests by mammals in the Tokachi district of Hokkaido

北海道十勝地方の農耕地域における哺乳類による河 畔林と防風林の利用

その他（別言語等）

のタイトル

Utilization of riparian forests and windbreak forests by mammals in the Tokachi district of Hokkaido

著者 吉岡 麻美, 柳川 久

雑誌名 帯広畜産大学学術研究報告

巻 29

ページ 66‑73

発行年 2008‑12

URL http://id.nii.ac.jp/1588/00001804/

ޓ㆏〝ᑪ⸳߿ቛ࿾㐿⊒ߥߤߢ᫪ᨋߪಽᢿൻ࡮❗ዊൻߐࠇ㧘᭽ޘ ߥ↢‛ߩ↢ᕷߦᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔 Fahrig 1997 㧕ޕߘ ߩࠃ߁ߥ᫪ᨋߤ߁ߒࠍ⚿߮㧘↢‛ߩ⒖േ⚻〝ߣߥࠆࠦ࡝

࠼࡯㧔↢ᘒ࿁ᑈ㧕߇ㄭᐕᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕർᶏ㆏චൎ▤ౝ

ർᶏ㆏චൎ࿾ᣇߩㄘ⠹࿾ၞߦ߅ߌࠆູ੃㘃ߦࠃࠆᴡ⇎ᨋߣ㒐㘑ᨋߩ೑↪

ศጟ㤗⟤࡮ᩉᎹޓਭ

Ꮺᐢ⇓↥ᄢቇޓ⇓↥↢๮⑼ቇ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷ޓ㊁↢േ‛▤ℂቇ⎇ⓥቶ

Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan 㧖Corresponding author㧔e-mail: yanagawa＠obihiro.ac.jp㧕

㧔ฃઃ㧦ᐕ㧠᦬ᣣ㧘ฃℂ㧦ᐕ㧡᦬ᣣ㧕

៰ޓⷐ

ޓർᶏ㆏චൎ࿾ᣇߩㄘ⠹࿾ၞߦߪ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋ߿㒐㘑ᨋ߇✂ߩ⋡ߩࠃ߁ߦሽ࿷ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘㊁↢േ‛ߦ ߣߞߡࠦ࡝࠼࡯㧔↢ᘒ࿁ᑈ㧕ߣߒߡߩᓎഀࠍᜂߞߡ޿ࠆޕߒ߆ߒ㧘ㄭᐕᄙߊߩ㒐㘑ᨋ߇ᶖᄬߒ㧘ߘ ࠇࠄߩᢿ ൻ߿ቅ┙ൻ߇ㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆޕቅ┙ߒߚ㒐㘑ᨋߪ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋߥߤߣㅪ⚿ߔࠆ㒐㘑ᨋߣᲧߴ ࠆߣູ੃㘃ߦࠃࠆ೑↪ߦ㆑޿߇↢ߓࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆޕߘߎߢ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ቅ┙ߒߚ㒐㘑ᨋߣᴡ

⇎ᨋߦㅪ⚿ߒߚ㒐㘑ᨋ㧘߅ࠃ߮ᴡ⇎ᨋߩູ੃㘃ߦࠃࠆ೑↪ࠍ⺞ߴࠆߚ߼㧘ᐕ᦬߆ࠄ᦬߹

ߢ⥄േ᠟ᓇࠞࡔ࡜ࠍ↪޿ߚ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߥߞߚޕ⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ࠠ࠲ࠠ࠷ࡀVulpes vulpes schrencki㧘

ࠛ࠱ࠪࠞCervus nippon yesoensis㧘ࠛ࠱ࡅࠣࡑUrsus arctos yezoensis㧘ࠛ࠱࡙ࠠ࠙ࠨࠡLepus timidus ainu㧘ࠛ࠱ࠢࡠ࠹ࡦMartes zibellina brachyura㧘ࠕ࡜ࠗࠣࡑProcyon lotor㧘ࠛ࠱࡝ࠬ

Sciurus vulgaris orientis ߣࠦ࠙ࡕ࡝㘃㧘ࡀ࠭ࡒ㘃߇᠟ᓇߐࠇߚޕູ੃㘃ߩ᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲ߇ᦨ߽㜞߆ߞ

ߚߩߪቅ┙ߒߚ㒐㘑ᨋߦ߅޿ߡߢ޽ߞߚ߇㧘ߘߩᄢㇱಽ߇ࠠ࠲ࠠ࠷ࡀߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘⒳ߩᄙ

᭽ᕈߪቅ┙ߒߚ㒐㘑ᨋࠃࠅ߽ᴡ⇎ᨋߦㅪ⚿ߒߚ㒐㘑ᨋ߅ࠃ߮ᴡ⇎ᨋߩᣇ߇㜞߆ߞߚޕ߹ߚ㧘೑↪

⒳ߩ㘃ૃᕈߪᴡ⇎ᨋߦㅪ⚿ߒߚ㒐㘑ᨋߣᴡ⇎ᨋߩ㑆ߢ㜞ߊߥߞߚޕ

ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼㧦㒐㘑ᨋ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋ㧘ູ੃㘃㧘ࠦ࡝࠼࡯㧘⥄േ᠟ᓇࠞࡔ࡜

Utilization of riparian forests and windbreak forests by mammals in the Tokachi district of Hokkaido

Mami Yoshioka and Hisashi Yanagawa

ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆᏪᐢᏒ߽ࠦ࡝࠼࡯ࠍᢛ஻ߒ㧘↢ᘒ࿁ᑈㇺᏒࠍ

⋡ᜰߒߡ޿ࠆ႐ᚲߩ߭ߣߟߢ޽ࠆ㧔੗಴߶߆㧕ޕ ޓචൎ▤ౝߩㄘ⠹࿾Ꮺߪ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋ߿㒐㘑ᨋߥߤ߇✂⋡⁁

ߦሽ࿷ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᨋߪណ㙄႐㧘㓝ࠇ႐㧘߅ࠃ

߮ࠦ࡝࠼࡯ߣߒߡ㧘㊁↢േ‛ߩ↢ᕷ߿⒖േߦᔅⷐߥⅣႺ ࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔Thomas et al. 1979㧧ㄞ߶߆㧕ޕߒ

✜ޓ⸒

ὐߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᐕ㧡᦬㨪᦬ߦ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߥߞߚޕ⥄േ

᠟ᓇࠞࡔ࡜ߩ⸳⟎࿾ὐࠍ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋߦ㧟ࡩᚲ㧘㓞ធᨋߦ㧟 ࡩᚲ㧘ㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋߦ㧞ࡩᚲ㧘ቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߦ㧟ࡩᚲߩว⸘

ࡩᚲ⸳ߌߚޕ⺞ᩏ࿾ὐߏߣߦࠞࡔ࡜㧔⿒ᄖ✢࠮ࡦࠨ࡯

ࠞࡔ࡜㧦㤗㉿ᐭ໡੐ Fieldnote Σ߅ࠃ߮ Fieldnote Υ㧕ࠍ 㧝บߕߟ㧘⸘บ⸳⟎ߒߚޕዊጊ࡮ਃᅢ㧔㧕ࠍෳ⠨ߦ㧘 ฦ⸳⟎࿾ὐࠍO 㑆㓒ߢ⸳ߌ㧘┙ߜᧁߩ㜞ߐ⚂EO ߩ૏

⟎ߦ⚂qߩୄⷺࠍߟߌߡ⸳⟎ߒߚޕߘߩ㓙㧘ߌ߽ߩ㆏

ߣߥࠆน⢻ᕈߩ޽ࠆ㧘Ყセ⊛㐿ߌߚ႐ᚲࠍㆬࠎߢ⸳⟎ߒߚޕ ᣣߏߣߦ⸳⟎႐ᚲࠍ⷗࿁ࠅ㧘᠟ᓇน⢻ᨎᢙ߇ᨎએਅ ߩࡈࠖ࡞ࡓࠍ੤឵ߒߚޕ

࠺࡯࠲ߩ⸃ᨆ

ޓႦ↰߶߆㧔㧕ࠍෳ⠨ߦ㧘ࠞࡔ࡜ߦࠃߞߡ᠟ᓇߐࠇߚ ᨎᢙࠍో᠟ᓇᨎᢙߣߒ㧘ߎߩ߁ߜ⸳⟎⠪ߦࠞࡔ࡜߇෻ᔕ ߒߚᨎᢙࠍᠲ૞᠟ᓇᨎᢙ㧘ߘࠇએᄖࠍ⥄േ᠟ᓇᨎᢙߣߒ ߚޕ߹ߚ㧘ࡅ࠻ࠍߩߙߊູ੃㘃ࠍ᠟ᓇߒߚᨎᢙࠍ᦭ല᠟

ᓇᨎᢙ㧘ߘࠇએᄖࠍήല᠟ᓇᨎᢙߣߒߚޕࠞࡔ࡜߇Ⓙേ

ߒߡ޿ߚᤨ㑆ߩ⚥Ⓧᣣᢙࠍࠞࡔ࡜ᑧߴⒿേᣣᢙߣߒߚޕ ޓฦ⒳ߩ᠟ᓇ࠺࡯࠲ߩ⸃ᨆߦߪ㧘ゞ↰߶߆㧔㧕ࠍෳ⠨ߦ㧘

᠟ᓇ㑆㓒߇㧡ಽએ਄ⓨ޿ߚࠗࡌࡦ࠻ࠍ᠟ᓇᨎᢙߣߒߚޕ

߹ߚ㧘ห৻୘૕߇㓞ធߔࠆࠞࡔ࡜ࠍ⸰ࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇㜞޿

ߚ߼㧔 Kauffman et al. 2007 㧕㧘ห৻⺞ᩏ࿾ߢ㧡ಽએౝߦ

⿠߈ߚࠗࡌࡦ࠻ߪห৻୘૕ߦࠃࠆ㊀ⶄ᠟ᓇߣߺߥߒ㧘㧝 ߟߩࠗࡌࡦ࠻ߣߒߚޕฦ⒳ߦ߅ߌࠆ᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲߪ㧘ߎࠇࠄ ߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘ᰴᑼࠃࠅ▚಴ߒߚޕ

ޓ᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲ㧩᠟ᓇᨎᢙޓޓࠞࡔ࡜ߩⒿേᣣᢙ

ޓߎߎߢᓧࠄࠇߚ᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘⺞ᩏ࿾ߏߣߩ⒳ᄙ

᭽ᕈࠍᲧセߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘 Shannon㧙Wiener ߩᄙ᭽ᐲᜰᢙH’

ࠍ▚಴ߒߚޕ

ޓ߹ߚ㧘⺞ᩏ࿾ߏߣߩ㘃ૃᕈࠍ⺞ߴࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘Kimoto ߩ㊀ⶄᐲᜰᢙ㧔ᧁర࡮ᱞ↰㧕ࠍ↪޿ߚޕ

㧔㧜҇㧯

҇㧝㧕

ศጟ㤗⟤࡮ᩉᎹޓਭ

߆ߒ㧘৻ᣇߢ㧘࿛႐ߩᄢဳൻ㧘૞ᬺᯏ᪾ߩᄢဳൻߥߤߦ ࠃࠅ㧘ᄙߊߩ㒐㘑ᨋ߇ᶖᄬߒ㧔ㄞ߶߆㧕㧘ߘߩㅪ⛯

ᕈ߇ᄬࠊࠇߟߟ޽ࠆޕ

ޓᴡ⇎ᨋߪ㧘ᄙߊߩേ‛⒳ߩ㊀ⷐߥ↢ᕷ࿾ߢ޽ࠆ᫪ᨋߩ

ࠦ࡝࠼࡯ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߎࠇߣㅪ⚿ߔࠆ㒐㘑ᨋߪ㧘ㄘ⠹࿾ౝߦ ቅ┙ߔࠆ㒐㘑ᨋߣᲧセߒߡ㧘േ‛ߩ೑↪ߦ㆑޿߇↢ߓࠆ น⢻ᕈ߇㜞޿ޕߘߎߢᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋߣㅪ

⚿ߔࠆ㒐㘑ᨋ㧘߅ࠃ߮ቅ┙ߒߚ㒐㘑ᨋࠍኻ⽎ߦ㧘⥄േ᠟

ᓇࠞࡔ࡜ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩᨋߩູ੃㘃ߦࠃ ࠆ೑↪⁁ᴫࠍ⺞ߴࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚޕ

ޓർᶏ㆏චൎ▤ౝਛᧅౝ᧛ߩᚭ⬵೎Ꮉ๟ㄝߩᴡ⇎ᨋߣ 㒐㘑ᨋߦ߅޿ߡ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߥߞߚ㧔ⅣႺ⋭㧟ᰴࡔ࠶ࠪࡘ㧦 㧘㧘㧘㧕ޕᚭ⬵೎Ꮉߩ਄ᵹߦߪᣣ㜞ጊ

⣂ߩᚭ⬵೎ጪ߅ࠃ߮ᧅౝጪ߇ሽ࿷ߒ㧘ᚭ⬵೎Ꮉ㧘ᧅౝᎹ ߩᴡ⇎ᨋ߇ᣣ㜞ጊ♽߆ࠄߩࠦ࡝࠼࡯ߣߥߞߡ㧘Ꮢⴝ࿾߳

ߣ⛯޿ߡ޿ࠆޕ㒐㘑ᨋߪ㧘ᚭ⬵೎ᎹߣᧅౝᎹߦ࿐߹ࠇߚ ㄘ⠹࿾ၞߦ޽ࠅ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋߣㅪ⚿ߔࠆ㒐㘑ᨋࠍㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋ㧘 ᴡ⇎ᨋ߆ࠄ㔌ࠇ㧘๟࿐߇ㄘ⠹࿾ߦ࿐߹ࠇߚ㒐㘑ᨋࠍቅ┙

㒐㘑ᨋߣߒߚޕ߹ߚ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋߣᧂ⥩ⵝߩᱠ㆏ࠍ᜽ࠎߢ㓞 ធߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋߣㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋߩ㑆ߦሽ࿷ߔࠆᨋࠍ㓞 ធᨋߣߒߚޕቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߣㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋߣߩ㑆ߪ⋥✢〒㔌 ߦߒߡ⚂MO 㔌ࠇߡ޿ߚޕ

ޓฦ⺞ᩏ࿾ߩᬀ↢ߪ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋߢࡗ࠽ࠡ㘃 Salix spp. ࠼ࡠ ࡁࠠ Populus maximowiczii㧘ࡂ࡞࠾࡟ Ulmus davidiana

var. japonica ߥߤ߇㧘㓞ធᨋߢߪ㧘ࡗ࠽ࠡ㘃㧘ࠪ࡜ࠞࡦ

ࡃ Betula platyphylla var. japonica㧘ࡒ ࠭ ࠽ ࡜ Quercus crispula㧘ࡂ࡞࠾࡟ߥߤ߇ఝභߒߡ޿ߚޕㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋߪ㧘

࠻࠼ࡑ࠷ Abies sachalinensis ߩੱᎿᨋߢ㧘ࠝ࠾ࠣ࡞ࡒ

Juglans ailanthifolia㧘ࡗࡑ࠽࡜ࠪ Populus sieboldii ߥߤ

߽⷗ࠄࠇߚޕቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߪ㧘ࠞ࡜ࡑ࠷ Larix leptolepis ߣ࠻࠼ࡑ࠷ߩੱᎿᨋߢ޽ߞߚޕ

⥄േ᠟ᓇ⺞ᩏ

ޓᴡ⇎ᨋ㧘㓞ធᨋ㧘ㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋ߅ࠃ߮ቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߩ㧠࿾

⺞ᩏ࿾߅ࠃ߮ᣇᴺ

H’  - Σ ^p

 ^ln p

S

iľŭ

C

     2 Σ ⁿ

^・n

   （ Σ ^π

^＋ Σ ^π

^）Ｎ

^・Ｎ

S

iľŭ

ޓ▚಴ߐࠇߚ㊀ⶄᐲᜰᢙࠍၮߦ㧘⟲ᐔဋᴺߦࠃߞߡ࠺ࡦ

࠼ࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ૞ᚑߒߚޕ

᠟ᓇߐࠇߚູ੃㘃

ޓో⺞ᩏ࿾ߢߩᑧߴࠞࡔ࡜Ⓙേᣣᢙߪᣣ㧘ో᠟ᓇ ᨎᢙᨎߩ߁ߜ㧘ࡈࠖ࡞ࡓ੤឵ᤨߥߤߩᠲ૞᠟ᓇᨎᢙ ᨎࠍ㒰޿ߚ⥄േ᠟ᓇᨎᢙߪᨎߣߥߞߚޕߎߩ߁ߜ

᦭ല᠟ᓇᨎᢙߪᨎ㧔㧑㧕㧘ήല᠟ᓇᨎᢙߪᨎ ߢ޽ߞߚ㧔㧑㧕ޕ᦭ല᠟ᓇ₸ߪᨎ ᣣߢ޽ߞߚޕ ήല᠟ᓇߪ㧘ࠢࡕ࡮᣸⯻㘃㧔ᨎ㧕㧘㠽㘃㧔ᨎ㧕㧘Ꮏ੐

ゞਔ㧔ᨎ㧕㧘ࡅ࠻㧔㧟ᨎ㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߐࠄߦⷐ࿃ਇ᣿᠟ᓇ߇ ᨎߢ㧘ήല᠟ᓇߩ㧑ࠍභ߼ߡ޿ߚ㧔⴫㧝㧕ޕ ޓ᠟ᓇߐࠇߚູ੃㘃ߪ᠟ᓇᨎᢙߩᄙ޿㗅ߦ㧘ࠠ࠲ࠠ࠷

ࡀ ޓ Vulpes vulpes schrencki 㧔ᨎ 㧕㧘ࠛ ࠱ ࠪ ࠞ Cervus nippon yesoensis 㧔 ᨎ 㧕㧘ࠛ ࠱ ࡅ ࠣ ࡑ Ursus arctos yezoensis 㧔ᨎ 㧕㧘ࠛ ࠱ ࡙ ࠠ ࠙ ࠨ ࠡ Lepus timidus ainu 㧔ᨎ 㧕㧘ࠛ ࠱ ࠢ ࡠ ࠹ ࡦ Martes zibellina brachyura 㧔 㧢

⚿ޓᨐ

Σ ^π

Σ（ ⁿ

^）

， Σ ^π

Σ（ ⁿ

^）

      Ｎ

        Ｎ

iľŭ

S

iľŭ

ౝኈ ޓ ޓ ᠟ᓇᨎᢙ㧔㧑㧕

᦭ല᠟ᓇ ູ੃㘃㧔ቇฬ㧕 ޓ 㧔㧕

ࠠ࠲ࠠ࠷ࡀ㧔Vulpes vulpes schrencki㧕 㧔㧕

ࠛ࠱ࠪࠞ㧔Cervus nippon yezoensis㧕 㧔㧕

ࠛ࠱ࡅࠣࡑ㧔Ursus arctos yezoensis㧕 㧔㧕

ࠛ࠱࡙ࠠ࠙ࠨࠡ㧔Lepus tinidus ainu㧕 㧔㧕

ࠛ࠱ࠢࡠ࠹ࡦ㧔Martes zibellina brachyura㧕 㧔㧕 ࠕ࡜ࠗࠣࡑ㧔Procyon lotor㧕 㧔㧕

ࠛ࠱࡝ࠬ㧔Sciurus vulgaris orientis㧕 㧔㧕

ࡀ࠭ࡒ㘃 㧔㧕

ࠦ࠙ࡕ࡝㘃 㧔㧕

ήല᠟ᓇ ޓ ޓ 㧔㧕

ࠢࡕ࡮᣸⯻ 㧔㧕

㠽㘃 㧔㧝㧕

ゞਔ 㧔㧕

ࡅ࠻ 㧔㧕

ޓ ⷐ࿃ਇ᣿ ޓ 㧔㧕

ว⸘ޓ 㧔㧕

⴫㧝㧚⥄േ᠟ᓇᨎᢙߣ᠟ᓇౝኈ

ᨎ㧕㧘ࠕ࡜ࠗࠣࡑ Procyon lotor 㧔㧟ᨎ㧕㧘ࠛ࠱࡝ࠬ Sciurus vulgaris orientis 㧔㧝ᨎ㧕ߩ㧣⒳ߢ޽ߞߚ㧔౮⌀㧝㨪㧣㧕ޕߘ ߩ߶߆ߦࡀ࠭ࡒ㘃㧔㧠ᨎ㧕㧘ࠦ࠙ࡕ࡝㘃㧔ᨎ㧕߇᠟ᓇߐࠇ ߚ㧔⴫㧝㧕ޕࡀ࠭ࡒ㘃ߪየߩ㐳޿ࠕࠞࡀ࠭ࡒዻApodemus UR.㧔౮⌀㧤㧕ߣየߩ⍴޿ࡗ࠴ࡀ࠭ࡒዻClethrionomys sp.

㧔౮⌀㧥㧕߇᠟ᓇߐࠇߚ߇㧘⒳࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩหቯߪߢ߈ߥ߆ ߞߚޕዊဳࠦ࠙ࡕ࡝㘃ߪ㧘⡊ߩᒻᘒ߆ࠄ࠙ࠨࠡࠦ࠙ࡕ࡝

Plecotus aurius ߣหቯߢ߈ߚ୘૕㧔౮⌀㧕ߩ߶߆ߪ㧘⒳

ߩหቯ߇࿎㔍ߢ޽ߞߚޕߘߩߚ߼ߎࠇࠄߩዊဳູ੃㘃ߪޟࡀ

࠭ࡒ㘃ޠ㧘 ޟࠦ࠙ࡕ࡝㘃ޠߣߒߡ߹ߣ߼㧘ᄙ᭽ᕈ߿㘃ૃᕈߩ ᬌ⸛ߩ㓙ߦߪ⸃ᨆߒߥ߆ߞߚޕ

ޓࠠ࠲ࠠ࠷ࡀߪ㧘ో⺞ᩏ࿾ߢ⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ߇㧘․ߦቅ┙㒐 㘑ᨋߢ᠟ᓇᨎᢙ߇ᄙ߆ߞߚޕ߹ߚ㧘ࠛ࠱߽ࠪࠞో⺞ᩏ࿾

ߢ⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ߇㧘ㅒߦቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߦ߅޿ߡ᠟ᓇᨎᢙ߇ዋ ߥߊߥߞߚޕࠛ࠱ࡅࠣࡑߪ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋ㧘㓞ធᨋ߅ࠃ߮ቅ┙

㒐㘑ᨋߢ⏕⹺ߐࠇߚޕᴡ⇎ᨋ߅ࠃ߮㓞ធᨋߢߪᲣࠣࡑ㧝

୘૕ߣ੿ࠣࡑ㧞୘૕ߩⷫሶ߇᠟ᓇߐࠇߚ߇㧔౮⌀㧟㧕㧘ቅ

┙㒐㘑ᨋߩ୘૕ߪන⁛୘૕ߢ޽ߞߚޕࠛ࠱࡙ࠠ࠙ࠨࠡߪ 㓞ធᨋߢߩߺ㧘ࠛ࠱ࠢࡠ࠹ࡦߪ㓞ធᨋ㧘ㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋߢ⏕

⹺ߐࠇߚޕᄖ᧪⒳ߩࠕ࡜ࠗࠣࡑߪ㧘ቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߢߩߺ⏕

⹺ߐࠇߚޕࡀ࠭ࡒ㘃ߪㅪ⚿߅ࠃ߮ቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߢ㧘ࠦ࠙ࡕ

࡝㘃ߪో⺞ᩏ࿾ߢ⏕⹺ߐࠇߚޕ

౮⌀㧝㧙㧢㧚⥄േ᠟ᓇࠞࡔ࡜ߢ᠟ᓇߐࠇߚਛ࡮ᄢဳູ੃㘃㧚㧝㧚ࠠ࠲ࠠ࠷ࡀ㧘㧞㧚ࠛ࠱ࠪࠞ㧘㧟㧚ࠛ࠱ࡅࠣࡑ㧘 ޓޓޓޓޓޓ㧠㧚ࠛ࠱࡙ࠠ࠙ࠨࠡ㧘㧡㧚ࠛ࠱ࠢࡠ࠹ࡦ㧘㧢㧚ࠕ࡜ࠗࠣࡑ㧚

౮⌀㧣㧙㧚⥄േ᠟ᓇࠞࡔ࡜ߢ᠟ᓇߐࠇߚዊဳູ੃㘃㧚㧣㧚ࠛ࠱࡝ࠬ㧘㧤㧚ࠕࠞࡀ࠭ࡒዻߩࡀ࠭ࡒ㧘 ޓޓޓޓޓޓ㧥㧚ࡗ࠴ࡀ࠭ࡒዻߩࡀ࠭ࡒ㧘㧘࠙ࠨࠡࠦ࠙ࡕ࡝

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ศጟ㤗⟤࡮ᩉᎹޓਭ

ฦ⺞ᩏ࿾ߩ⒳ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ㘃ૃᕈ

ޓ⺞ᩏ࿾ో૕ߦ߅ߌࠆోູ੃㘃ߩ᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲߪ㧘ᨎ

ࠞࡔ࡜࡮ᣣߢ޽ߞߚޕ⒳೎ߦߺࠆߣ㧘ࠠ࠲ࠠ࠷ࡀ߅ ࠃ߮ࠛ࠱ࠪࠞ߇ᄙߊ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇᨎ ࠞࡔ࡜࡮ᣣ㧘 ᨎ ࠞࡔ࡜࡮ᣣߢ޽ߞߚޕߎߩ⒳㘃ߢోູ੃㘃

᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲߩ㧑ࠍභ߼ߚޕ⺞ᩏ࿾ߏߣߦߺࠆߣ㧘᠟ᓇ 㗫ᐲߩᦨ߽㜞߆ߞߚߩߪ㧘ቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߢᨎ ࠞ ࡔ࡜࡮ᣣޕએਅ㧘㓞ធᨋߢᨎ ࠞࡔ࡜࡮ᣣ㧘ㅪ⚿

㒐㘑ᨋߢࠞࡔ࡜࡮ᣣ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋߢߪࠞࡔ࡜࡮

ᣣߢ޽ߞߚ㧔⴫㧞㧕ޕቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߪ㧘ઁߩ⺞ᩏ࿾ߦᲧߴ㧘 㗼⪺ߦ᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲ߇㜞߆ߞߚ߇㧘㧑߇ࠠ࠲ࠠ࠷ࡀߦࠃ ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕᴡ⇎ᨋ㧘㓞ធᨋ߅ࠃ߮ㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋߪ㧘

߶߷หߓ᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲߢ޽ߞߚޕ

ޓູ੃㘃ߩ⒳㘃߇ᦨ߽ᄙߊ⏕⹺ߐࠇߚߩߪ㓞ធᨋߢ㧢⒳

ߢ޽ߞߚ㧔⴫㧞㧕ޕቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߢߪ㧠⒳㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋ߅ࠃ߮ㅪ

⚿㒐㘑ᨋߢߪ㧟⒳߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚޕ⺞ᩏ࿾ߩ⒳ᄙ᭽ᐲᜰᢙߪ㧘 ߘࠇߙࠇᴡ⇎ᨋߢ㧘㓞ធᨋߢ㧘ㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋߢ 㧘ቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߢߣߥߞߚޕ⺞ᩏ࿾㑆ߢߪ㓞ធᨋ ߇ᦨ߽⒳ᄙ᭽ᕈ߇㜞ߊ㧘ቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߢ⒳ᄙ᭽ᕈ߇ૐߊߥ ߞߚޕ

ޓ⺞ᩏ࿾㑆ߩ⒳᭴ᚑߩ㘃ૃᕈࠍ࠺ࡦ࠼ࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ࿑㧝ߦ

␜ߒߚޕᴡ⇎ᨋ㧘ㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋ㧘߅ࠃ߮㓞ធᨋߪߢ⚿

วߒ㧘ㅪ⛯ߒߡ޿ࠆᨋห჻ߪ㘃ૃᕈ߇㜞޿ߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞ ߚޕߎࠇࠄߣቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋ߇⚿วߔࠆߩߪߢ޽ࠅ㧘ઁ

ߩ㧟⺞ᩏ࿾ߣߩ㘃ૃᕈߩ㆑޿߇⴫ࠇߚޕ

ູ੃㘃⒳೎ߩ೑↪⁁ᴫ

ޓࠠ࠲ࠠ࠷ࡀߣࠛ࠱ࠪࠞߪߔߴߡߩ⺞ᩏߢ᠟ᓇߐࠇߚ߇㧘

୘ޘߩ⺞ᩏ࿾ߢߩ᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲߩ௑ะߪ㧞⒳㑆ߢᄢ߈ߊ⇣ߥ ߞߡ޿ߚޕࠠ࠲ࠠ࠷ࡀߪቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߢ᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲ߇㗼⪺ߦ 㜞ߊߥߞߚޕߘࠇߦኻߒ㧘ࠛ࠱ࠪࠞߢߪ㧘ቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߩ

᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲ߇ૐߊ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋ㧘㓞ធᨋ߅ࠃ߮ㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋߩ᠟

ᓇ㗫ᐲ߇߿߿㜞߆ߞߚޕࠠ࠲ࠠ࠷ࡀߪ᫪ᨋ㧘⨲࿾㧘ㄘ⠹

࿾㧘૑ቛ࿾ߥߤ㕖Ᏹߦᄙ᭽ߥⅣႺࠍ೑↪ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘․ߦ

ੱὑ⊛ⅣႺࠍᏁߺߦ೑↪ߢ߈ࠆ଀ᄖ⊛ߥਛဳູ੃㘃ߢ޽

ࠆ㧔ᳰ↰㧕ޕ੹࿁㧘ቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߢ᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲ߇․ߦ㜞 ߆ߞߚߩ߽㧘ߘߩ๟ㄝߦሽ࿷ߔࠆㄘ૞‛߿ߏߺߥߤߩੱ

ὑ⊛⾗Ḯߩ೑↪߇⋡⊛ߢ޽ߞߚߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ

৻ᣇߢ㧘ࠛ࠱߽ࠪࠞㄘ૞‛ࠍ㘩ኂߔࠆߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ

޿ࠆ߇㧘ᣂᓧߢߩ଀ߢߪⵍኂߩ޽ࠆㄘ࿾ߪጊᴪ޿ߦ૏⟎

ߒ㧘ᐔ㊁ㇱߢߪⵍኂ߇ή޿㧔ዊ㊁ጊ߶߆㧕ߥߤ㧘ࠠ

࠲ࠠ࠷ࡀ߶ߤߪੱὑ⊛ⅣႺߦㆡᔕߒ㧘ㅴ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆߣߪ ᕁ߃ߥ޿ޕߘߩߚ߼㧘ߘߩ಴⃻߇ᴡ⇎ᨋߣߘߩ๟ㄝߦᄙ ߆ߞߚߩߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

ޓࠛ࠱ࡅࠣࡑ߽ᄙߊߩ⺞ᩏ࿾ߢ಴⃻ߒߚ߇㧘ฦ⺞ᩏ࿾ߩ

᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲߪ޿ߕࠇ߽ૐ߆ߞߚޕᴡ⇎ᨋ߅ࠃ߮㓞ធᨋߢߪ

ⷫሶ㧟୘૕㧘ቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߢߪන⁛ߩ㧝୘૕߇᠟ᓇߐࠇ㧘 ߎࠇࠄߪ೎ߩ୘૕ߢ޽ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇㜞޿ޕ߹ߚ㧘᠟ᓇߪߐ ࠇߥ߆ߞߚ߇㧘ㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋ߽ߘߩߔߋᮮߩ⇌ߢߩ㘩ኂᖱ ႎ߆ࠄ㧘ࡅࠣࡑߦࠃࠆ೑↪߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇್ߞߚޕࠛ࠱ࡅ

ࠣࡑߪ㧘ᐢ޿ⴕേ࿤ࠍᜬߜ㧘․ߦ᥅ᄐߦߪㄘ૞‛ߩ೑↪࡮

㘩ኂ߇㜞ߊߥࠆߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔૒⮮㧕ޕ੹

⴫㧞㧚ฦ⺞ᩏ࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆ᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲ㧔ࠞࡔ࡜࡮ᣣ޽ߚࠅߩ᠟ᓇᨎᢙ㧕

⺞ޓޓޓᩏޓޓޓ࿾

ౝޓኈ ᴡޓ⇎ޓᨋ 㓞ޓធޓᨋ ㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋ ቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋ

ࠠ࠲ࠠ࠷ࡀ

ࠛ࠱ࠪࠞ

ࠛ࠱ࡅࠣࡑ

ࠛ࠱࡙ࠠ࠙ࠨࠡ

ࠛ࠱ࠢࡠ࠹ࡦ

ࠕ࡜ࠗࠣࡑ

ࠛ࠱࡝ࠬ

ࡀ࠭ࡒ㘃

ࠦ࠙ࡕ࡝㘃

วޓ⸘

⠨ޓኤ

࿁ߩో⺞ᩏ࿾ߪㄭ㓞ߦ⇌߇ሽ࿷ߒ㧘⇌߳ߩ಴⃻߇ߒ߫ߒ

߫⋡᠄ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘⏕⹺ߐࠇߚࠛ࠱ࡅࠣࡑߪㄘ

૞‛ߩណ㘩⋡⊛ߢ⺞ᩏ࿾๟ㄝࠍ೑↪ߒߡ޿ߚน⢻ᕈ߇㜞

޿ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ

ޓࠛ࠱࡙ࠠ࠙ࠨࠡߪ㓞ធᨋߢߩߺ᠟ᓇߐࠇߚޕࠛ࠱ࠢࡠ

࠹ࡦߢߪ㧘㓞ធᨋ߅ࠃ߮ㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋߢ᠟ᓇߐࠇߚޕ቟⮮

߶߆㧔㧕ߪ㧘ੱᎿᨋߣᷧ⇎ᨋ߇ធߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ႐ᚲߥߤ㧘

᫪ᨋ࠲ࠗࡊ߇ᷙ੤ߒߡ޿ࠆ႐ᚲ߇ਛዊဳູ੃㘃ߦߣߞߡ㧘 ᦨ߽ᅢㆡߥ↢ᕷ࿾ߢ޽ࠆߣ⺰ߓߡ޿ࠆޕ੹࿁ߩ⺞ᩏ࿾ߢ ߪᴡ⇎ᨋ㧘㓞ធᨋ㧘ㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋ߇ߘߩࠃ߁ߥ႐ᚲߦ޽ߚ ࠅ㧘ਛဳູ੃㘃ߩࠛ࠱࡙ࠠ࠙ࠨࠡ߿ࠛ࠱ࠢࡠ࠹ࡦߦߣߞ ߡᅢㆡߥ↢ᕷⅣႺߢ޽ߞߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ․ߦ⧯޿ࡗ࠽ࠡ

㘃߿ࠞࡦࡃ߇ఝභߔࠆੑᰴᨋߢ㧘Ყセ⊛㐿ߌߚᨋߢ޽ࠆ 㓞ធᨋߪࠛ࠱࡙ࠠ࠙ࠨࠡߦᅢ߹ࠇࠆ೑↪ⓨ㑆ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ ޓᄖ᧪⒳ߩࠕ࡜ࠗࠣࡑߪ㧘ቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋ৻ࠞᚲߩߺߢ޽ࠆ ߇㧘↢ᕷ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚޕචൎ▤ౝߢߪࠕ࡜ࠗࠣࡑߩ↢ᕷ ᖱႎߪ߶ߣࠎߤᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ߇㧔ᳰ↰㧕㧘ห

᭽ߦ⥄േ᠟ᓇࠞࡔ࡜ࠍ↪޿ߚ⺞ᩏ㧔ዊጊ࡮ਃᅢ㧕ߢ ᏪᐢᎹ਄ᵹၞߩᴡ⇎ᨋߢ߽⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ච ൎ࿾ᣇߦ߅޿ߡ߽ࠕ࡜ࠗࠣࡑߩቯ⌕߇ㅴⴕߒߟߟ޽ࠆߣ ᕁࠊࠇࠆޕޓ

ޓࠛ࠱࡝ࠬ࡮ࡀ࠭ࡒ㘃ߪ㧘੹࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߢߪ㧘߶ߣࠎߤ᠟

ᓇߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕߒ߆ߒ㧘㘩∥⏕⹺ߥߤߦࠃࠅ㧘ో⺞ᩏ

࿾ߢ᠟ᓇࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚޕ߅ߘࠄߊ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ㦅 ᱤ㘃ߪฦ⺞ᩏ࿾ߦ↢ᕷߔࠆ߽ߩߩ୘૕ᢙ߇ዋߥ޿߆㧘೑

↪㗫ᐲ߇ዋߥ߆ߞߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕࠦ࠙ࡕ࡝㘃ߪߔߴߡߩ

⺞ᩏ࿾ߢ᠟ᓇߐࠇ㧘ߘߩᨎᢙ߽Ყセ⊛ᄙ߆ߞߚޕᧄ⺞ᩏ

࿾ߦᲧセ⊛ㄭ޿ᏪᐢᏒᄢᱜ↸ߩ㒐㘑ᨋߢⴕࠊࠇߚ⺞ᩏߦ ࠃࠆߣ㧘⒳㘃ߩࠦ࠙ࡕ࡝㘃߇᝝₪ߐࠇ㧘ߘߩᄙߊ߇㒐 㘑ᨋࠍ⒖േ⚻〝ߣߒߡ޿ߚน⢻ᕈ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᩉᎹ

߶߆㧕ޕᧄ⺞ᩏ࿾ౝߩᴡ⇎ᨋ߿㒐㘑ᨋ߽ᄙߊߩࠦ࠙

ࡕ࡝⒳ߦࠃߞߡ⒖േ⚻〝ߣߒߡ೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ ޓޓ

⺞ᩏ࿾㑆ߩ⒳ᄙ᭽ᕈ߅ࠃ߮㘃ૃᕈ

ޓฦ⺞ᩏ࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆ᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲߪቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߢᦨ߽㜞ߊ㧘

ઁߩ㓞ធᨋ㧘ㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋߣߩ㑆ߦ᣿⏕ߥᏅ߇⷗

ࠄࠇߚޕ㓞ធᨋ㧘ㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋߢߩ᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲߩ㑆

ߦߪ᣿⏕ߥᏅߪ⷗ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕ৻ᣇ㧘ᄙ᭽ᐲᜰᢙߦࠃ ࠆ⒳ᄙ᭽ᕈ߇㜞޿ߩߪ㧘㓞ធᨋ㧘ㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋ㧘 ቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߩ㗅ߣߥߞߚޕߎࠇߦߪ㧘ࠠ࠲ࠠ࠷ࡀߩ᠟ᓇ 㗫ᐲ߇ᄢ߈ߊ㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ߚޕቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߩ᠟ᓇᨎᢙߪ㧘

ࠠ࠲ࠠ࠷ࡀߦࠃࠆഀว߇㕖Ᏹߦ㜞ߊ㧘ߎߩߎߣߦࠃߞߡ

᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲ߇㜞߹ࠅ㧘ㅒߦ⒳ᄙ᭽ᕈߪૐߊߥߞߚޕቅ┙㒐 㘑ᨋߢߪ᠟ᓇ㗫ᐲߪ㜞޿߇㧘․ቯߩ⒳ߦࠃࠆᓇ㗀߇ᒝߊ㧘

஍ߞߚ೑↪ߢ޽ߞߚޕ

ޓ⺞ᩏ࿾㑆ߩ㘃ૃᕈࠍߺࠆߣ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋ㧘ㅪ⚿㒐㘑ᨋ㧘㓞 ធᨋߩ㑆ߢ㘃ૃᕈ߇㜞ߊ㧘ቅ┙㒐㘑ᨋߪઁߩ⺞ᩏ࿾ߣߩ 㘃ૃᕈ߇ૐߊߥߞߚ㧔࿑㧝㧕ޕߎࠇߪ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩᨋ߇ਥߦ

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৻ᤨ⊛ߥ↢ᕷ೑↪߿⒖േ⚻〝ߣߒߡ೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘

ᬀ↢ߥߤߩ㘃ૃᕈߥߤࠃࠅ߽㧘ㅪ⛯ᕈ࡮ㄭ㓞ᕈߩᣇ߇ູ

੃㘃⋧ߩ㘃ૃᕈߦࠃࠅ㑐ਈߒߚߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ ޓએ਄ߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘ࠛ࠱࡙ࠠ࠙ࠨࠡ߿ࠛ࠱ࠢࡠ࠹ࡦߥߤ ߩਛဳേ‛㧘ࠛ࠱ࠪࠞߥߤߩ೑↪߆ࠄ㧘ᴡ⇎ᨋߣㅪ⚿ߔ ࠆ㒐㘑ᨋߩᣇ߇↢‛ߩᄙ᭽ᕈ⛽ᜬߦነਈߔࠆ㒐㘑ᨋߢ޽

ߞߚޕߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ㄘ⠹࿾ၞߢߪ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ㒐㘑ᨋߩ ㅪ⚿ߪࠠ࠲ࠠ࠷ࡀ㧘ࠛ࠱ࠪࠞ㧘ࠛ࠱ࡅࠣࡑ㧘ࠕ࡜ࠗࠣࡑ ߥߤߩㄘ૞‛ኂ₞ߩㄘ⠹࿾߳ߩ⺃࿃ߦ߽ነਈߔࠆน⢻ᕈ ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇㧘੹࿁ߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚޕੱὑ⊛

ⅣႺਅߢߩ↢ᘒ࿁ᑈߩ᭴▽ߦߪ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩὐߦ⇐ᗧߒߡ

⸘↹ࠍㅴ߼ࠆߎߣ߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆޕ

ศጟ㤗⟤࡮ᩉᎹޓਭ

ޓᧄ⎇ⓥࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆߦ޽ߚࠅ㧘ᢙޘߩ᦭⋉ߥߏഥ⸒ࠍᛚ ߞߚᏪᐢ⇓↥ᄢቇⅣႺᬀ‛ቇ⎇ⓥቶߩ⚬㊁ᐽᄦಎᢎ᝼㧘

㊁↢േ‛▤ℂቇ⎇ⓥቶߩ᛼↰㦖ᄦಎᢎ᝼ߣᄢቇ㒮↢⻉᳁

ߦᷓߊᗵ⻢ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ෘߊᓮ␞↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔޕ߹ߚ㧘

⃻࿾ߢߩ⺞ᩏࠍᚻવߞߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ㧘㊁↢േ‛▤ℂቇ⎇

ⓥቶߩ┙␹㓷ት㧘ේญ႗⪇㧘᣿⍹ብ૞㧘ⷺ⼱ᄹ⟤㧘᪉ᧁ

⵨⟤㧘૒⮮๟ᐔ㧘↸↰⋥᮸㧘ኅ౉᣿ᣣ⟤ߩฦ᳁ߦᔃࠃࠅ ᓮ␞↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔޕߥ߅㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ৻ㇱߪ㧘ᣣᧄቇⴚᝄ

⥝ળ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄ၮ⋚⎇ⓥ㧔%㧕 ޟචൎ࿾ᣇߦ߅ߌࠆ 㒐㘑ᨋߩᄙ㕙⊛ᯏ⢻ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㧔ઍ⴫⠪㧦ㄞޓୃ㧘⺖

㗴⇟ภ㧕ޠߦࠃࠆഥᚑࠍฃߌ߹ߒߚޕߎࠇࠄߦ ߆߆ࠊࠆ㑐ଥฦ૏ߦ߽ෘߊᓮ␞↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔޕ

቟⮮ర৻㧘ᄥ↰⌀ℙ㧘ศ↰┥ᄥ㇢㧘ᄢਭ଻ᘮା㧘㋈ᧁޓ࿻ޕ ޕ࿾਄ᕈ࡮᮸਄ᕈߩਛᄢဳູ੃㘃ޕਤᴛᄢጊ✚

ว⺞ᩏቇⴚႎ๔ᦠ㧘

Fahrig, L．1997．Relative effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on population extinction. J. Wildl.

Manage. 61: 603-610

ᳰ↰ޓㅘޕޕࠠ࠲ࠠ࠷ࡀޕᎹ㆏ᱞ↵✬㧘ᣣᧄേ‛ᄢ

⊖⑼㧘RRޕޕᐔಠ␠㧘᧲੩

ᳰ↰ޓㅘޕޕࠕ࡜ࠗࠣࡑࠍߪߓ߼ߣߔࠆ⒖౉േ‛ߩ

⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴ޕRRޕޕ ޟࠕ࡜ࠗࠣࡑࠍߪߓ߼ߣߔ ࠆ⒖౉േ‛໧㗴ࠍ⠨߃ࠆޠࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓႎ๔ᦠ㧘ർᶏ

㆏ⓨ⍮ᡰᐡ

੗಴ޓછ㧘ᱞౝ๺ᒾ㧘દ⮮⢒ሶ㧘ᳰ↰੧ཅޕޕ ޟᏪᐢޠ

↢ᘒ࿁ᑈㇺᏒ߳ޕ$+1%KV[㧔㧕 㧦

Kauffman, MT, Sanjayan M, Lowenstein J, Nelson A, Jeo RM, Crooks KR. 2007. Remote camera-trap methods and analyses reveal impacts of rangeland management on Namibian carnivore communities.

Oryx 41㧦70-78

ᧁరᣂ૞㧘ᱞ↰ඳᷡޕ㧘⟲㓸↢ᘒቇ౉㐷ޕRR

౒┙಴ ᩣᑼળ␠㧘᧲੩

ዊጊޓീ㧘ਃᅢᷕሶޕޕ⿒ᄖ✢࠮ࡦࠨ࡯ࠞࡔ࡜ߩູ

੃㘃⺞ᩏߦ߅ߌࠆ᦭ലᕈޕᏪᐢ⇓↥ᄢቇ⇓↥ⅣႺ⑼ ቇ⑼ᐔᚑᐕᐲතᬺ⺰ᢥRRޕ

ゞ↰೑ᄦ㧘ㄭ⮮ᙗਭ㧘ᐔᎹᶈᢥ㧘૒ޘᧁዏሶ㧘ᴡวਭੳሶޕ ޕർᶏ㆏࠴ࡒࠤ࠶ࡊḓ๟ㄝߩູ੃㘃⋧ޕർᶏ㆏

ⅣႺ⑼ቇ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᚲႎ㧦

ዊ㊁ጊᢘ৻㧘⿒Ꮉᱞᒾ㧘ಿ↰ᐽ㓶ޕޕࠛ࠱ࠪࠞߦ ࠃࠆㄘ૞‛ⵍኂߩታ૕ߣ㒐㒰ᴺ߅ࠃ߮ߘߩലᨐ̅ࠕ ࡦࠤ࡯࠻⺞ᩏ̅ޕᏪᐢ⇓↥ᄢቇቇⴚ⎇ⓥႎ๔㧦

૒⮮༑๺ޕޕࡅࠣࡑߩ↢ᘒޕᄤ㊁ື਽࡮Ⴧ↰㓉৻࡮

㑆㊁ീ㧘✬㧦ࡅࠣࡑቇ౉㐷̆⥄ὼผ࡮ᢥൻ࡮⃻ઍ␠

ળ̆ޕRRޕޕർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ಴ ળ㧘ᧅᏻ

Thomas JW, Maser C, Rodiek JE. 1979. Wildlife habitat in managed forest㧧The Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington. USDA Forest Service Agricultural Handbook㧘pp. 40-47. Washington㧘DC

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ᧁቇળ⹹㧦

Ⴆ↰⧷᥍㧘ᷓỈޓల㧘ዊㄼቁታ㧘㗇⮮߹ߤ߆㧘੗᧛ޓᲞ㧘 ᐔᎹᶈᢥޕޕ᡼’࿾ߩູ੃㘃⋧⺞ᩏ߳ߩ⥄േ

᠟ᓇ⺞ᩏߩᔕ↪ޕູ੃㘃⑼ቇ㧦

ᩉᎹޓਭ㧘૒ޘᧁᐽᴦ㧘Ἇᧄ⢒సޕޕർᶏ㆏චൎ࡮

ᣣ㜞࿾ᣇߩ⠢ᚻ㘃⋧㧔㧕ᏪᐢᏒㄘ⠹࿾ၞߩ㒐㘑଻቟

ᨋߦ߅ߌࠆ᝝₪⸥㍳ޕ᫪ᨋ㊁↢േ‛⎇ⓥળ⹹㧦

ޓRiparian and windbreak forests lie like the mesh of a net in the farming area of the Tokai district of Hokkaido. These forests play an important role as an ecological corridor for wild animals. In recent years, however, many windbreak forests have disappeared, resulting in the fragmentation and isolation of these corridors. It is therefore likely that a

⻢ޓㄉ

ᒁ↪ᢥ₂

#DUVTCEV

difference will arise between the isolated windbreak forests and those adjoining the riparian forests in terms of their utilization by mammals. From May to October 2007 we used cameras with infrared sensors to survey this difference.

Vulpes vulpes schrencki, Cervus nippon yesoensis, Ursus arctos yezoensis, Lepus timidus ainu, Martes zibellina brachyura, Procyon lotor, Sciurus vulgaris orientis, bats, and mice and voles were photographed. Mammals were photographed with the highest frequency in the isolated windbreak forests, but these forests had little heterogeneity of species composition, with V. v. schrencki being most commonly found. In contrast, the diversity of species was greater in the riparian forests and in the adjoining windbreak forests than in the isolated windbreak forests.

The species compositions that used the riparian forests and the adjoining windbreak forests were similar.

㨇Key words㨉windbreak forest, riparian forest, mammal, ecological corridor, sensor camera

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