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0−3 =−3 (3)与式= lim x→2 (x−2)(x−1) (x−2)(x+ 3

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(1)

1章 微分法 §1  関数の極限と導関数 (p.26p.27)

練習問題1-A

1. 1与式= 122·1 + 5

= 12 + 5

=4

2与式= lim

h→0(h3)

= 03

=−3

3与式= lim

x→2

(x2)(x1) (x2)(x+ 3)

= lim

x→2

x1 x+ 3

= 21 2 + 3

= 1 5

4与式= lim

h→1

h1 (

h)21

= lim

h→1

h1 (

h1)( h+ 1)

= lim

h→1

1 h+ 1

= 1 1 + 1

= 1 2

5与式= lim

x→∞

2 3 x + 1

x2 5 x 1

= 20 + 0 01

=−2

6)与式

= lim

x→∞

(

x2+ 4x

x2+x)(

x2+ 4x+ x2+x)

x2+ 4x+ x2+x

= lim

x→∞

(x2+ 4x)(x2+x)

x2+ 4x+ x2+x

= lim

x→∞

3x

x2+ 4x+ x2+x

= lim

x→∞

r 3 1 + 4

x + r

1 + 1 x

= 3

1 + 0 + 1 + 0

= 3 2

7与式= lim

x→0

3

2 · sin 3x 3x

= 32 ·1

= 3 2

8与式= lim

x→0

2

3 · sin 2x 2x · 3x

tan 3x

= 23 ·1·1

= 2 3

2. 1y0= 1

3 ·3x2 1

2 ·2x+ 1

=x2x+ 1

2y0= (x+ 3)0(2x1) + (x+ 3)(2x1)0

= 1·(2x1) + (x+ 3)·2

= 2x1 + 2x+ 6

=4x+ 5

〔別解〕

y= 2x2x+ 6x3

= 2x2+ 5x3 y0= 2·2x+ 5

=4x+ 5

3y0=−3· (x4)0 (x4)2

=−3· 4x3 x8

=12 x5

〔別解〕

y= 3x−4

y0= 3·(−4)x−4−1

=−12x−5

=12 x5

4y=x·x23

=x1+23 =x53 y0= 5

3 ·x23

= 5 3

3

x2

(2)

5y0 = 2·4(2x5)3

=8(2x5)3

6y0 =x0·(x+ 1)3+x{(x+ 1)3}0

= 1·(x+ 1)3+x{1·3(x+ 1)2}

= (x+ 1)3+ 3x(x+ 1)2

= (x+ 1)2{(x+ 1) + 3x}

=(x+ 1)2(4x+ 1)

7y0 = 3·cos(3x1)

=3 cos(3x1)

8y0 = 2· 1 cos2(2x3)

= 2

cos2(2x3)

9y0 =x0·

2x+ 1 +x(

2x+ 1)0

= 1·

2x+ 1 +x{(2x+ 1)12}0

=

2x+ 1 +x·2· 1

2(2x+ 1)12

=

2x+ 1 + x 2x+ 1

= (

2x+ 1)2+x

2x+ 1

= 2x+ 1 +x 2x+ 1

= 3x+ 1

2x+ 1

10y0 = (

x+ 1)0(x+ 2)

x+ 1(x+ 2)0 (x+ 2)2

= 1· 1

2(x+ 1)12(x+ 2)

x+ 1·1 (x+ 2)2

=

x+ 2 2

x+ 1 x+ 1 (x+ 2)2

= x+ 22( x+ 1)2 2

x+ 1(x+ 2)2

= x+ 22x2 2

x+ 1(x+ 2)2

= −x

2

x+ 1(x+ 2)2

= x

2(x+ 2)2 x+ 1

11y0= (

x)0cos 3x+

x·(cos 3x)0

= 12 ·(

x)12 ·cos 3x+

x·3·(−sin 3x)

= 1

2

x ·cos 3x3 xsin 3x

= cos 3x2 x(3

xsin 3x) 2

x

= cos 3x6xsin 3x 2

x

12y0= (e2x)0sinxe2x(sinx)0 (sinx)2

= 2·e2xsinxe2xcosx sin2x

= e2x(2 sinxcosx) sin2x

3. S= 2ab+ 2ah+ 2bh

= (2a+ 2b)h+ 2ab  であるから

   dS

dh = 2a+ 2b

4. f0(x) = (x+b)0(x+a)(x+b)(x+a)0 (x+a)2

= 1·(x+a)(x+b)·1 (x+a)2

= ab (x+a)2 f(0) = 2であるから    0 +b

0 +a = 2,すなわち,b= 2a· · ·°1 f0(0) = 1であるから

   ab

(0 +a)2 = 1,すなわち,ab=a2· · ·°2 °1°2に代入して

  a2a=a2   a(a+ 1) = 0  よって,a= 0, 1

 したがって,(a, b) = (0, 0), (−1, 2)  ここで,(a, b) = (0, 0)のとき

  f(x) = x+ 0 x+ 0 = 1

 となり,f(0) = 2を満たさない.

  

³

または,b

a = 2より,a= 0\ なので

´

 よって,a=−1, b=−2

5. 1h

2 =tとおくと

  h0のとき,t0 与式= lim

t→0(1 +t)2t1

= lim

t→0{(1 +t)1t}12

=e12 = e

(3)

21

x =tとおくと

  x→ ∞のとき,t0 与式= lim

t→0(1 +t)1t

= lim

t→0{(1 +t)1t}−1

=e−1= 1 e

練習問題1-B

1. 1)  π

2 x=θとおくと   x π

2 のとき,θ0    与式= lim

θ→0

cos

³π 2 θ

´

π2³ π 2 θ´

= lim

θ→0

sinθ

= lim

θ→0

1 2 · sinθ

θ

= 12 ·1 = 1 2

2) −x=tとおくと

  x→ −∞のとき,t→ ∞    与式= lim

t→∞

sin(−t)

−t

= lim

t→∞

³

sint t

´

−1<= sint <= 1であるから,各辺に1 t (<0) をかけると

  1

t <=sint t <= 1

t  ここで

   lim

t→∞

1 t = 0    lim

t→∞

³

1 t

´

= 0  よって

   lim

t→∞

³

sint t

´

=0

3与式= lim

x→0

(1cosx)(1 + cosx) xsinx(1 + cosx)

= lim

x→0

1cos2x xsinx(1 + cosx)

= lim

x→0

sin2x xsinx(1 + cosx)

= lim

x→0

sinx x(1 + cosx)

= lim

x→0

sinx

x · 1

1 + cosx

= 1· 1

1 + 1 = 1 2

4与式= lim

x→0

2

3 · e2x1 2x · 3x

sin 3x

= 23 ·1·1 = 2 3

5) −x=tとおくと

  x→ −∞のとき,t→ ∞   与式= lim

t→∞

p(−t)2+ 11

−t

= lim

t→∞

1 t2+ 1 t

= lim

t→∞

(1

t2+ 1)(1 + t2+ 1) t(1 +

t2+ 1)

= lim

t→∞

1(t2+ 1) t(1 +

t2+ 1)

= lim

t→∞

−t 1 +

t2+ 1

= lim

t→∞

−1 1 t +

r 1 + 1

t2

= −1

0 + 1 + 0

= −1 1 =−1

6) −x=tとおくと

  x→ −∞のとき,t→ ∞   与式= lim

t→∞

p 1

(−t)2+ (−t) + (−t)

= lim

t→∞

1

t2tt

= lim

t→∞

1·(

t2t+t) (

t2tt)(

t2t+t)

= lim

t→∞

t2t+t (

t2t)2t2

= lim

t→∞

t2t+t t2tt2

= lim

t→∞

t2t+t

−t

= lim

t→∞

µ t2t

−t 1

= lim

t→∞

µ

r

1 1 t 1

=

101

=

11 =−2 2. 1) lim

x→2(x2) = 0であるから,極限値が存在す るためには

  lim

x→2(x2+ax+b) = 0  よって,22+a·2 +b= 0  すなわち,2a+b+ 4 = 0

(4)

2)(1)より,b=−2a4であるから    lim

x→2

x2+ax+b x2

= lim

x→2

x2+ax2a4 x2

= lim

x→2

x2+ax2(a+ 2) x2

= lim

x→2

(x2)(x+a+ 2) x2

= lim

x→2(x+a+ 2)

=2 +a+ 2 =a+ 4

 ここで,a+ 4 = 5であるから,a= 1 b=−2·14 =−6

 よって,a= 1, b=−6

3. 1y0 =x03

3x4 +x(3

3x4)0

= 1·3

3x4 +x{(3x4)13}0

=3

3x4 +x·3· 1

3(3x4)23

=3

3x4 + x p3

(3x4)2

= p3

(3x4)3+x p3

(3x4)2

= 3x4 +x p3

(3x4)2

= 4(x1) p3

(3x4)2

2y0 ={(2x+ 3)2}0(x+ 1) + (2x+ 3)2(x+ 1)0

= 2·2(2x+ 3)(x+ 1) + (2x+ 3)2·1

= 4(2x+ 3)(x+ 1) + (2x+ 3)2

= (2x+ 3){4(x+ 1) + (2x+ 3)}

= (2x+ 3)(4x+ 4 + 2x+ 3)

=(2x+ 3)(6x+ 7)

3y0 = (sin 2x)0tan 4x+ sin 2x(tan 4x)0

= 2·cos 2xtan 4x+ sin 2x·4· 1 cos24x

=2 cos 2xtan 4x+ 4 sin 2x cos24x

4y0 = (e−3x)0cos 2x+e−3x(cos 2x)0

=−3·e−3xcos 2x+e−3x·2(−sin 2x)

=−e−3x(3 cos 2x+ 2 sin 2x)

5y0= (t21)0

3t+ 1 + (t21)( 3t+ 1)0

= 2t

3t+ 1 + (t21)·3· 1 2 · 1

3t+ 1

= 2t

3t+ 1 + 3(t21) 2

3t+ 1

= 4t(3t+ 1) + 3(t21) 2

3t+ 1

= 12t2+ 4t+ 3t23 2

3t+ 1

= 15t2+ 4t3 2

3t+ 1

6y0= u0

2u+ 1u(

2u+ 1)0 (

2u+ 1)2

=

2u+ 1u·2· 1 2 · 1

2u+ 1 2u+ 1

=

2u+ 1 u 2u+ 1 2u+ 1

= (2u+ 1)u (2u+ 1)

2u+ 1

= u+ 1

(2u+ 1) 2u+ 1

7y0= (1

x)0(1 +

x)(1

x)(1 + x)0 (1 +

x)2

=

1 2

x(1 +

x)(1 x)· 1

2 x (1 +

x)2

= −(1 +

x)(1 x) 2

x(1 + x)2

= −2

2

x(1 + x)2

= 1

x(1 + x)2

(5)

8y0 = (sinxcosx)0(sinx+ cosx)(sinxcosx)(sinx+ cosx)0 (sinx+ cosx)2

= (cosx+ sinx)(sinx+ cosx)(sinxcosx)(cosxsinx) (sinx+ cosx)2

= (sinx+ cosx)2+ (sinxcosx)2 (sinx+ cosx)2

= 2(sin2x+ cos2x) (sinx+ cosx)2

= 2

(sinx+ cosx)2

= 2

sin2x+ 2 sinxcosx+ cosx2

= 2

1 + 2 sinxcosx

= 2

1 + sin 2x

4. 1) 2h=kとおくと,h0のときk0   与式= lim

h→02· f(a+ 2h)f(a) 2h

= lim

k→02· f(a+k)f(a) k

= 2·f0(a) =2f0(a)

2) −h=kとおくと,h0のときk0   与式= lim

h→0

½

f(a+ (−h))f(a)

−h

¾

= lim

k→0

½

f(a+k)f(a) k

¾

=−f0(a)

3)   与式= lim

h→0

f(a+h)f(a)f(ah) +f(a)

h f(a)を引いて加える.

= lim

h→0

f(a+h)f(a)− {f(ah)f(a)}

h

= lim

k→0

½f(a+h)f(a)

h f(ah)f(a) h

¾

=f0(a)(−f0(a)) ※(2)より

=2f0(a)

4)   与式= lim

x→a

xf(a)af(a)af(x) +af(a)

xa af(a)を引いて加える.

= lim

x→a

(xa)f(a)a(f(x)f(a)) xa

= lim

x→a

½(xa)f(a)

xa a(f(x)f(a)) xa

¾

= lim

x→a

½

f(a)a· f(x)f(a) xa

¾

=f(a)af0(a)

(6)

5. 1) tanx=tとおくと,x0のときt0   与式= lim

t→0(1 +t)1t

=e

2)  与式= lim

x→∞

1 1 + 1

x

x

= lim

x→∞

³ 1 1 + 1

x

´x

= 1 e

参照

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