西 南 交 通 大 学 学 报
第 56 卷 第 1 期
2021 年 2 月
JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY
Vol. 56 No. 1
Feb. 2021
ISSN: 0258-2724 DOI：10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.1.33
Research articleEducation
E
DUCATIONAL
P
LATFORMS AND
D
IGITAL
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RANSFORMATION IN
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AISING
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WARENESS ABOUT
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EMOTE
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DUCATION IN
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IGHT OF THE
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ORONA
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PIDEMIC
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PREAD
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MONG
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ECONDARY
S
CHOOL
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TUDENTS
鉴于中学生的日冕流行，提高了远程教育意识的教育平台和数字化
转型
Sameh Awadalla El-Sayad Ibrahim
Lecturer, Department of Media and Children’s Culture, College of Graduate Studies for Childhood, Ain Shams University
11566 Cairo, Egypt, dr.samehawadalla@chi.asu.edu.eg
Received: November 19, 2020 ▪ Review: December 23, 2020 ▪ Accepted: January 6, 2021
This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
Abstract
This study aims to find out the role of educational platforms and digital transformation in raising awareness of remote education in light of the spread of the corona epidemic among high school students, to support decision-making in the education sector and to help develop and implement an effective educational response to the new Coronavirus pandemic, which has disrupted various educational institutions in the world, and based on the educational crisis created by the pandemic. Despite the seriousness of the Coronavirus and its serious implications for education for all countries, many countries affected by this pandemic did not find the ideal and flexible alternative to the transition from traditional education to distance education because their educational system was not able to move easily to distance education and because of the lack of the necessary resources and challenges. The idea of this study is to examine the role of educational platforms that face the integration of education remotely within the educational process in a crisis (the Coronavirus pandemic) and the main challenges and difficulties of using in general. The reality of remote education is still under construction. The study also recommended that it be necessary to identify the difficulties and challenges of remote education for educational institutions to integrate distance education into their plans according to a clear and predetermined vision.
摘要 这项研究的目的是根据高中生中的电晕病流行情况，找出教育平台和数字化转型在提高远程教 育意识中的作用，支持教育部门的决策制定，并帮助开发和实施远程教育。针对新的冠状病毒大流行 的有效教育回应，这种流行已经打乱了世界各地的各种教育机构，并基于大流行造成的教育危机。尽 管冠状病毒的严重性及其对所有国家的教育产生了严重影响，但许多受这一大流行影响的国家并没有 找到从传统教育向远程教育过渡的理想且灵活的替代方案，因为它们的教育体系无法轻松地向远程教 育，并且由于缺乏必要的资源和挑战。这项研究的目的是检验在危机（冠状病毒大流行）的教育过程 中远程面对教育整合面临的教育平台的作用，以及一般使用中的主要挑战和困难。远程教育的现实仍 在建设中。这项研究还建议，有必要为远程教育机构确定远程教育的困难和挑战，以便根据明确和预 先确定的愿景将远程教育纳入其计划中。 关键词: 教育平台，冠状病毒大流行，远程教育
I. INTRODUCTION
The educational process in recent periods has seen many developments and direct effects on the Krona Pandemic lifestyle. The existence of this pandemic has made the educational process, individuals, and States highly dependent on their ability to keep up with progress in the educational process and individuals' ability to take advantage of those recent developments and adapt them [27].
The role of digital transformation technology in our current reality has become the foundation of life after the Krona epidemic has spread, as the new media is borderless and multi-media and performs new roles that traditional media could not perform.
Educational platforms have become especially important for their sector's educational bodies because they provide them with the power, empowerment, and smart solutions to improve the educational process. Students are now more confident in the content of platforms and websites of the educational process than traditional media [26].
Electronic platforms and digital transformation have become necessary for successful educational processes for institutions that seek to improve their services and facilitate their access to beneficiaries.
These platforms have become an important tool used by agencies and ministries, as institutions have recognized the need to use educational platforms as a language of communication between them and students.
These platforms have become an important source of educational information and education. The e-learning and distance learning system, with the tremendous development of digital transformation technology, is a necessity.
These developments reflected changes in these educational institutions' performance orientation
and their quest to find the best ways to serve students.
Educational platforms and websites help users establish and establish new relationships in various fields by sharing news and information. Hence, the researcher believes that teenagers use educational platforms and websites for the educational process. These sites cover all information related to students in general and society, and that this follow-up is their awareness.
The world is currently experiencing a major event that could threaten education with a potentially most serious crisis in our modern era. As of March 28, 2020, the Coronavirus (COFEED-19) pandemic cut more than 1.6 billion children and young people out of education in 161 countries, nearly 80% of students enrolled in schools worldwide. This comes when we are already suffering from a global education crisis because there are many students in schools, but they do not receive the basic skills they need in working life.
The World Bank Index on Learning Poverty - or the proportion of students who cannot read or understand at the age of 10 - shows that the proportion of such children reached 53% in low- and middle-income countries before the virus outbreak. If we do not act, the result may be made worse.
However, what are the direct effects on children and young people concerned about this crisis stage?
1. Learning losses.
2. Increaserates of study leakage.
3. No children get the most important meal. The inequality in educational systems that most countries suffer will disproportionately affect poor children; It is as if misfortunes do not come to them individually.
Delays or interruptions of the school year (depending on the living place in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere) will lead to a complete disruption in the lives of many children, their parents, and their teachers. Much can be done to at least reduce these effects through distance learning strategies. The richest countries are better prepared to move to online learning strategies, though much of the effort and challenges teachers and parents face. However, the situation in both middle- and lower-income countries is not the same. If we do not act appropriately, that lack of equal opportunity, which is appalling and unacceptable, will be further exacerbated.
Many children do not have a study office, books, Internet access, or laptops at home, but those who do not find any support from their parents as hoped, while others do. We must avoid these opportunities widening or reducing them as much as possible and avoid the increasing negative effects on poor children's education.
Fortunately, we see much innovation in many countries. Many ministries of education are already concerned with the justification for relying on Internet-based strategies alone. Therefore only the best-of-breed strategies are reaped by the children of the better-off families. The appropriate strategy for most countries is to use all possible means of delivering the service infrastructure. Internet tools can provide lesson charts, videos, tutorials, and other resources to some, possibly most, of the students. However, blogs, audio recordings, and other resources that consume fewer data should also be used. Work should be done with telecommunications companies to implement user-duty-free policies to facilitate the downloading of learning materials on smartphones carried by most students.
Radio and television are also tools that should not be underestimated. We can take advantage of social networking networks, such as WhatsApp or SMS, to enable education ministries to communicate effectively with parents and teachers, provide guidance, instruction, and the learning process structure, using content on radio or television. Remote learning is not limited to using the Internet only. However, it involves learning that relies on various media to ensure that it reaches as many students as possible.
II. STUDY PROBLEM
Educational platforms and websites have become a rapid development in the aftermath of the
Krona Pandemic, both in their technical features as a means of communication and in the number of users. This has become necessary for educational institutions to use their educational platforms and websites to reach the target group and work through these platforms and websites to make information available.
Educational platforms and educational institutions' websites are an important factor in disseminating general and specialized information among students, including information on such platforms' importance and their important role in the educational process's success.
Through the major technological and digital revolution that the world is witnessing in the world of communication, and the researcher was briefed on several Arab and foreign research and studies [1], [2], [3], [4], which indicated the high utilization rate The website has also indicated that its use to raise awareness of the Coronavirus crisis in disseminating information such as (caution and disease warning, access to a degree of sense and tranquility and mental well-being, morale, adopting new habits, benefiting from other people's experiences in prevention and treatment, advising and guiding others, sharing health information with friends, and knowing modern medicines).
Educational platforms are among the topics students are interested in and follow up, requiring them to be aware of these topics and highlight them through their coverage of educational platforms and electronic sites for the educational establishment. The need to use educational platforms and digital transformation technology has become a necessity for educational institutions, through which information is published for students to succeed.
III. THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDY
1. The study may provide a clear scientific picture of the educational platforms as reflected in their websites, as they receive a high degree of user interest.
2. The study's importance comes from the fact that it deals with an important subject for all segments of society, which is education and awareness of it, especially in the light of the Krona epidemic.
3. It targets adolescents, who are the most using educational platforms and communication and digital media technology.
4. Identify the importance of educational platforms and websites for educational institutions, especially in light of the Coruna crisis.
5. The educational platforms and websites of public institutions in general and education in particular and their role in developing awareness and orientation among adolescents are common.
6. This study's importance lies in the knowledge of educational platforms and websites in educational institutions in distance education.
7. The need to know the extent to which adolescents are aware of educational platforms and their connection with their use of educational platforms and electronic sites of educational institutions.
8. Use the results of this study as a guide for improving the educational process through educational platforms and websites of educational institutions.
9. The study is important because of the lack of academic studies on digital media technology employment in educational institutions.
10. This study is an attempt to identify the most prominent electronic media methods in educational institutions.
11. The study is important using electronic media by educational institutions responsible for providing all services and information and issuing any institution data.
12. This study attempts to identify the most prominent interactive means of communication used by educational platforms for secondary school students in Egypt.
IV. STUDY OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the most attractive educational platforms and the importance of secondary school adolescents.
2. Demonstrate the importance of this information from the point of view of secondary school adolescents.
3. Determine the rate of use of sample study for educational platforms and electronic sites in distance education.
4. To uncover the most attractive educational topics in educational platforms and electronic sites from adolescents' perspective in spreading awareness of the distance learning process.
5. Indicate the nature of the topics on which educational platforms and websites in distance education focus.
6. Identify interactive forms used by adolescents during educational platforms and websites in distance education.
7. Determine the degree of interest of adolescents in following up educational platforms and websites in distance education.
8. Identify the pros of adolescents in covering educational platforms and websites in distance education.
9. The negatives that adolescents see in educational platforms and websites in distance education.
10. Study the differences between adolescents who have been exposed to educational platforms and those who have not been exposed to awareness of distance education.
11. Identify the differences between boys and girls in awareness of distance education?
12. Identify differences between adolescents who have been exposed to educational platforms and those who have not been exposed to educational attainment.
V. HYPOTHESES
1. There are statistically significant differences between the average grades of adolescents who have been exposed to educational platforms and those who have not been exposed to the remote education awareness survey in schools.
2. There are statistically significant differences between the ease of use and non-use of electronic platforms between adolescents' average grades in the remote education awareness survey.
3. There are statistically significant differences between teachers' level in dealing with electronic platforms and not working with electronic platforms.
4. There are statistically significant differences between the average interaction of students who have been exposed to the platforms and who have not been exposed to academic achievement from the point of view of teachers.
VI. PREVIOUS STUDIES
The researcher will address previous studies related to study variables in descending order from the newest to the oldest, as follows: to rank past studies from the oldest.
(1) Study: Nermin Ali Agwa [5]: Strategies for communicating health risks via social networking sites to the Coronavirus (analysis on the official pages of the Egyptian Ministry of Health).
The study aimed to identify the most important risk communication strategies used by the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population to communicate with the Egyptian public via Facebook during the Coronavirus pandemic in different stages. The study was based on the entry of the Emergency and Crisis Communication Model.
• The strategy to clarify government procedures was used in most publications in the pre-crisis phase to clarify preparedness measures for dealing with the crisis. This was followed by a strategy to reassure people that no cases were reported in Egypt and warn of risks.
• The strategy for clarifying government actions ranked first at the crisis's initial events, followed by the strategy of reducing ambiguity, and the strategy of promoting effective behavior followed by the strategy of reassurance. The strategy for correcting rumors and misperceptions at this stage and before the crisis was used more than the crisis phase, which points to increasing rumors due to the crisis's uncertainty.
(2) Study: Haifa Helmi Ahmed Ghaith [6]: The Health Coalition's activities for the Protection of the Patient and its role in raising awareness of its rights as a "case study."
The study aimed to reveal the Health Coalition's role for the Protection of the Patient in Jordan in raising awareness about patients' rights through its media and advertising efforts through its various communication facilities and activities. The study adopted a qualitative research approach, specifically the case study method, by conducting in-depth interviews with a sample of coalition members and analyzing the coalition's Facebook social networking site's content.
• The health coalition's communications activities to protect the patient in Jordan are guides, data, workshops, events, brochures, billboards, seminars, lectures, implemented through partnerships with different media.
• There is no reaction from either: visual communications, audio communication, and weak public interaction with coalition publications on the page.
(3) Study: Kentucky [7]: A case study of Egypt's image in the accounts of three ministries on social networking sites
The study aimed to evaluate the basic elements of filming Egypt on social networking sites for three Egyptian ministries: The Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Supply and Internal Trade, and the
Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation have analyzed the following conclusions:
• The three Egyptian ministries' official social websites have been found in similar aspects: Continuous updates of news and information on pages and encouraging content, and welcoming citizens' complaints. The differences were technical, as each ministry's page differed from the other in terms of interactivity, video, and glamor.
• The obstacles to improving Egypt's image on the three ministries' official pages have been the inability to guarantee pages' security and manage follow-up accounts.
(4) Study: Reem Al-Khawaldeh [8]: The role of Jordanian television in increasing the health knowledge of viewers.
The study aimed to shed light on the role of visual media in increasing awareness of health issues among Jordanian citizens. The study was based on a survey methodology on a sample of followers of health programs in Jordan on Jordanian television.
• Twice as many health programs as Jordanian TV, especially the seven doctors program.
• The Jordanian public follows health programs with the family at home and benefits from the health information that programs broadcast.
• Health education programs play a key role in educating citizens about health.
(5) Ayman Fathi's study [1] entitled: University students are exposed to electronic health sites and applications via smartphones and their relationship to their health knowledge level.
The study aimed to determine the extent of university students' exposure to electronic health sites and health applications using smartphones and its relation to their health knowledge level. It applied to a 200-odd number of users of health websites and health applications.
• High rate of exposure to electronic health sites in female researchers. The most important health topic for the sample research was 38.5% information on a specific disease, followed by 21% knowledge of the diseases prevalent in society, and 12% progress in the health field.
• 61% of the topics published on health websites were in the trust. As for the reasons for the lack of trust, a specialist doctor was 71.8% preferred, followed by 56.4% incorrect information.
• The most important ways to attract websites to the sample are 42.5% simple information, followed by 21.5% advanced and up to 20% up to date.
(6) Study: Vijayukumar et al. [9]: How the Ministry of Health and the Environmental and Health Agency use Facebook pages to raise awareness about Zika.
The study aimed to identify the use of Facebook by the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the National Health and Environment Agency to raise awareness about Zika from March 1, 2015, to September 1, 2016, to learn about the public's response to these efforts. The study concluded:
• Although the organizers are very close to raising awareness, the Ministry of Health's publications have received many likes and public participation.
• The National Environment Agency's publications received a larger number of comments, with most of its publications on disease prevention, and most of the Ministry of Health's publications updated the situation.
(7) Study: Kamel Mohammed [10]: Programs of information awareness submitted to Egyptian hospital patients and the extent to which they benefit from "field study".
The study aimed to identify the reality of informational awareness programs, explore their weak points, explain hospital libraries' role in providing information awareness programs, and study information awareness programs presented to patients through smartphone applications. The study used field survey methods. It relied on questionnaires and interviews with hospital awareness officials and some patients.
• There are obstacles to providing awareness programs inside hospitals, such as the patient's inability to understand the awareness programs offered to him due to the diversity of cultures and his psychological state.
• Lack of adequate budget to provide awareness services for hospitals and associations.
(8) Study: Oseiasibee [11] entitled: Use of the Internet to obtain medical information from the students of the University of Ghana
The study aimed to learn how Ghanaian university students use the Internet to access their health information. The study used the survey method based on the questionnaire and applied it to a Ghana university student sample. The study concluded:
• 67.7% of people follow Internet health sites.
• Of their behavior and lifestyle, 72.4% affected health sites on the Internet.
(9) Study: Mohammed Fadel Ali [3]: The role of Facebook in promoting public health awareness is "a survey from the perspective of specialists in the Jordanian Ministry of Health".
The study aimed to find out the opinion of specialists in the Jordanian Ministry of Health about the health information Facebook publishes and the extent of its impact on Facebook users in enhancing their health awareness. The study relied on a descriptive curriculum and used the questionnaire as a tool for study. The study sample consisted of 273 individuals, the most important of which was:
• One of the most important publications on the web is the benefits of food, cosmetic medicine, public health education, new medical discoveries, and Arab medicine.
• The most important topic that the Internet offers from the research group's perspective to promote health awareness is increasing health awareness.
• The Facebook Insights into Health Awareness Promotion were arranged: increasing health education, increasing attention to hygiene, acquiring healthy habits, early periodic testing, cosmetic surgery education, first aid skills, establishing regular eating habits, stopping bad hygiene.
(10) Study: Anoud Al-Afif [2] with the title: The reliance of Jordanian women on websites in gaining health information
The study aimed to determine the levels of Jordanian women's use of websites in general and health sites in particular and the reasons for their reliance on website sources in obtaining health information. The survey method was the one on which the study was based. The questionnaire and interview form were used as tools for study and were applied to schools, universities, health centers, and government institutions in the capital of Amman.
• The interest and integration of Jordanian women in modern communication technology and their dependence on the Internet were great, and the majority of those who use health websites came in 42.3%.
• One of the reasons Jordanian women seek to achieve is to maintain their health, continuously
follow up, eliminate internal suspicion of a particular disease, and make health decisions.
• One of the cognitive effects of monitoring health websites on Jordanian women is that they provide women with information on diseases specific to women, raise their health level, provide them with disease prevention methods, increase health knowledge significantly, and provide them with treatment methods information.
• One of the emotional effects of this is (taking care to be cautious and to be cautious about the disease, achieving a degree of feeling, tranquility and mental well-being, morale patches), while behavioral effects are (following new habits of health, benefiting from others' experiences in prevention and treatment, offering advice and guidance to others, sharing health information with friends, knowledge of modern medicines).
(11) Study: Hani Ahmed Mohammed Morjane [4]: University students in Gaza Governorates rely on websites to acquire information on the issue of Palestinian refugees "Field Study."
The study aims to determine the extent to which university students in Gaza governorates rely on websites to obtain information on the Palestinian refugee issue, determine the extent to which websites are followed, and identify the most important sites on which researchers rely. This study comes as part of the descriptive studies, using the media survey method. The data was collected using the survey form, which was applied to a sample of 400 research papers.
• The study showed that 37.3% of researchers are keen to follow websites to a high degree, while 3.8% are keen to follow them very low.
• Internet sites were the top source on which researchers relied to gain 48.1% of information on the refugee issue, followed by 16.8% on television.
• The Hamas Refugee Affairs Department is the front-page of the specialized websites on which 16.7% rely regarding the information on the Palestinian refugee issue, followed by the Zaytouneh Center for Studies and Consulting with 16.5%, and the FBI's Refugee Affairs Department with 16.2%.
(12) Study: Nadim Al-Rawabdeh [12]: Viewers rely on Jordanian television programs to access health information.
This study aims to identify the specific communication habits of individuals, their preferred media source, the degree to which viewers rely on Jordanian television programs to
obtain health information, in addition to the investigation of viewers' health programs. The study used both descriptive and analytical methods on a sample of 557, where the data collection tool was used.
• 44.3% watch health content and 33.3% are rare, while 10.6% of the total sample does not see health content.
• 36.5% of the health programs followed by the study sample are "Your Health in the World", followed by "Pulse" by 34%, "Health Awareness Campaigns" by 21%, and by 3% came the "New Day" program.
• The most important programs pursued by the sample were cancers, heart disease, children, and digestive system diseases.
(13) Study: Mahmoud Salman Briz [13]: University students in Gaza Governorates rely on Palestinian websites to form their knowledge on environmental issues".
The study aimed to determine the extent to which university students in Gaza governorates rely on Palestinian websites in forming their knowledge about environmental issues and how much they follow. This study comes within the descriptive studies, which use the media survey method. The data was collected using the survey newspaper and applied to 400 Palestinian university students. The study concluded:
• Moderate-to-medium researchers relied on websites to shape their knowledge of environmental issues by 41.2%. In comparison, their dependence on them was 9.6% low, and websites were at the forefront of the methods they rely on at 73.4%.
• Palestinian Weather Site is the top website on which researchers rely to shape their knowledge on environmental issues by 29%, which used news materials to provide their environmental content.
• The emotional effects of Palestinian university students adopting websites to shape their knowledge on environmental issues are 25.2%, cognitive effects 37.9%, and therefore behavioral effects 36.9%.
(14) Mohammed Al-Fayyadh's study [14] entitled: The new media's role in promoting the health awareness of young people in the Kingdom of Bahrain "The risks of exposure and the achieved radiation".
The study aimed to identify the most closely followed social networking sites on health awareness pages and the basic motivations for youth exposure to health issues. The study used
descriptive and analytical methods. The study sample was 210 youth groups in the Kingdom of Bahrain, using the questionnaire form.
• 95.7% follow health sites. The most compelling aim for which they are exposed to health issues through social networking sites and networks is education and health awareness, to correct preventive health behavior.
• The saturation of these pages is the knowledge of the causes and methods of disease prevention.
(15) Musaab Abdel Salam Al-Maaytah [15] study: Jordanian TV role in health education "A Study on Your World Health Program."
The study aims to identify the role of Jordanian television in health education. The researcher used the survey method to obtain information, and the number of the study sample was 450 individuals. The study community is the viewer of the program "Your Health in the World" in the capital Amman.
• The public's monitoring of the program "Sohmat Al-Dunia" through health awareness was moderate, at 64.7%.
• The audience's average access to Your World Health was 71.7%.
• The impact of the "Your Health in the World" program and the level of health awareness in Jordanian society was 73.9%.
(16) Study: Mohammed Ahmed Bin Turki [16]: The extent of the use of electronic works in Saudi hospitals "Analysis study of hospitals in Jeddah and Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia."
The study aimed to investigate the possibility of using electronic work in the health services system in Saudi Arabia, identify the information infrastructure of hospitals, obtain accurate information on the state of information technology and the readiness of hospitals to use electronic works, and identify the readiness of Saudi hospitals to provide electronic medical services. The survey form was applied to a sample of 33 hospitals from government and private hospitals in Jeddah and Riyadh.
• One of the most important uses of IT infrastructure in high-level and high-use hospitals is to link patient medical information within the hospital.
• 67% of hospitals and medical departments are using electronic technology, and the net use is the exchange of information between departments within the hospital.
• One of the obstacles to using such techniques is "the lack of technical support, the
lack of adequate funding, the lack of a legal and regulatory framework for trade and electronic business, and the lack of expertise from competent employees".
(17) Study: Othman Bin Mohammed Al-Arabi [17]: Saudi youth use digital media and health awareness about obesity, nutrition, and physical activity: A survey in the city of Riyadh
The study aimed to determine the extent to which Saudi youth use the media in raising health awareness. The study used the survey method, using the questionnaire form with a random sample of 516 individuals from Saudi youth. The study concluded that:
• The most important means of health awareness used by Saudi youth came on television, daily newspapers, and the Internet.
• It turns out that females are more closely following health programs on the media than males.
(18) Study: Muhammad Hamid Musa [18]: Trends in Palestinian university youth towards the role of websites in prioritizing local issues
The study aimed to identify the trends of Palestinian university youth towards the role of websites in prioritizing local issues and to monitor the fundamental role of those websites in influencing university youth through their various information and facts. This study comes within the framework of the descriptive studies that use the survey and interview newspaper tool to collect data on a sample of Al-Azhar and Islamic Al-Aqsa Aqsa University students.
• The study estimated that 95.6% of Palestinians follow Palestinian websites, and 4.4% do not follow them. The study revealed that 68.0% of the commission sample believe that what is provided by websites contributes to the prioritization of university youth towards local issues.
• The Palestinian websites have a weak contribution in guiding Palestinian youth to work with the means available to address unemployment and several social problems. The content of these websites does not meet the needs and capabilities of university youth.
(19) The study Melissa [19] entitled: Social media and healthcare.
The study aims to identify the uses of social media in health institutions to spread health care. The study used the survey method, and the questionnaire and interview form were used as tools for the study. It was applied to 84 institutions
from hospitals and health centers, childcare centers, medical rehabilitation centers, centers for people with special needs, home nursing, cosmetic surgery, and the study concluded:
• The most widely used social media in health institutions is Facebook, then Twitter too closely, followed by YouTube, and then came Blox, Google, Pentrest.
• The most common topics were information and news about health institutions, treatment methods, and disease.
(20) Study: Zainab Abu Talib [20]: Social media as a health information source for the Saudi public: Survey.
The study aimed to identify the Saudi public's use of social networking as a health information source, which was applied to a sample of 299 researchers in Riyadh using the questionnaire. The study concluded that:
• Doctors and pharmacists are the most reliable source of health information, followed by the Internet.
• The level of trust the Saudi public has in social networks as a source of health information at the middle level of YouTube, Twitter, and other networks.
(21) The study by Jung Y., Soojung K. [21] entitled: American students using the Internet to access health information.
The study aimed to consider the Internet as a useful source for obtaining health information, especially for expatriate students, which was applied to a sample of non-American university graduates in America, specifically 54 Korean graduates. The study concluded that:
• The Internet is their first source of health information to solve health problems they face or their families.
• The researchers also confirmed difficulties in identifying reliable sources on the Internet and difficulties in understanding medical information. They stressed the importance of providing healthy educational materials to guide the development of reliable health information sources for international students and their families.
(22) Study: Here [22]: The use and impact of social media on the health of head lice
The study aimed to assess the benefits of using social media, evaluate social media's role in preventing head lice, and know whether there is a need for information online. The researcher used the survey method to collect data, where the online
survey tool was distributed to 213 families in the Netherlands. The results summarized:
• Research families do not always use social media but rather consult a pharmacist or a friend. Social media plays an important role in the communication and interaction between families and medical sources.
• The information on Facebook and Twitter should be updated, which increases families' confidence in social media.
(23) A study [23] entitled “The Role of Abu Dhabi TV in Health Education for Emirati Women "Field Study"”.
The study aimed to find out how UAE women watch health programs on Abu Dhabi TV, how Emirati women benefit from the health programs that Abu Dhabi TV offers, how TV uses health education and how women benefit from health programs, and how they have demographic characteristics, this study was based on the descriptive and analytical information survey methodology, and the questionnaire was used. The study found:
• The most-watched program for Emirati women is "Women's and Children's Health", "Supplementary Health", and the degree of their use is moderate. The sample considered that Abu Dhabi Television has a positive role as a media outlet for health education.
• "In Our Home Doctor" is the most favorite for the sample study. Health programs have cognitive effects that came first, then emotional effects, and finally behavioral effects.
(24) Study: Al-Kiswani [24]: The daily role of the Jordanian press in raising health awareness.
The study aims to find an analysis of the health issues in the daily Jordanian press. The study community is comprised of several daily newspapers (opinion, constitution, tomorrow) published in 2007. The study used the Content Analysis Tool as a research technique for accurate description.
• The interest in health issues has increased dramatically in the kingdom after an unprecedented spread of diseases that have become a topic of concern to society, especially in light of many food poisoning cases in various parts of the kingdom. She also concluded that Jordanian newspapers do not rely on a clear systematic plan within their media agenda to spread health issues.
• Daily newspapers have been following government and global health campaigns to change
behavior to healthy behavior patterns in many wrong health practices.
• The study revealed the nature of the topics related to health awareness published in the Jordanian daily press.
VII. TYPE AND METHODOLOGY OF
THE STUDYThis section addresses the description of the study's methodology, its individuals, the tools, procedures, and statistical treatment used.
A. Curriculum
The study was based on the analytical descriptive curriculum, which relies on data collected from the sample using the resolution developed for this study and the study and analysis of responses.
B. Sample Personnel
This study was applied to a sample of 400 individuals, where the sample was chosen in a random way for the 2020-2021 study.
C. Study Tool
To achieve this study's objectives, the researcher built a resolution of 40 paragraphs directed at students who practiced distance learning during the Coronavirus crisis. The researcher took advantage of the standards used in previous studies, selected and redrafted some paragraphs, and drafted some paragraphs in light of his theoretical literature about distance learning. The final resolution consisted of 40 paragraphs (I agree strongly=5, I agree=4, Neutral=3, I do not agree=2, I do not agree strongly=1).
Resolution on four areas:
• Continuity of distance education: This domain (14) includes a paragraph.
• Obstacles to remote education: This domain (10) includes paragraphs.
• Teacher interaction with remote education: This domain (10) includes paragraphs.
• Students interact with remote education: This domain (6) includes paragraphs.
D. Believe the Study Tool
The preliminary analysis was presented to seven experienced and specialized judges in scientific research and teaching at the University of Cairo, Ain Shams and Helwan to referee the paragraphs. The goal was to determine the clarity of the
paragraphs and their comprehensiveness of all aspects of remote education in light of the spread of the Coronavirus, the wording of the paragraphs, and the opinion in the method of the resolution in the light of the opinions of the arbitrators.
E. Consistency of the Study Tool
The resolution was electronically applied to a sample survey of 20 milestones, and the Cronbach's alpha test was used to test the stability of resolution. The rate of stability of resolution was 0.804, and stability parameter values for the resolution axes varied from 8.0 95) and (0.731). F. Statistical Analysis
Data was collected using the study tool, the resolution, unloaded in the Excel file, organized, and entered into the statistical program (SPSS) to analyze study data after the responses were encoded. The meta-count is used to calculate the arithmetic averages and standard deviations.
The five-step categories have also been converted to three-step graduation as follows:
(5-1) is going to be 4. 4/3 = 1.33
This value is used to determine the length of the training period as follows:
1- 2.33 weak 2.34-3.67 Medium 3.68-5.00 Large
VIII. TERMS OF STUDY
A. Digital Switching TechnologyIt is a set of technological applications: mobile phones, internet networks, websites, email that impact different areas of life in the public.
B. Educational Institutions
These are the institutions that provide educational services to individuals, whether electronic or traditional.
C. Adolescent Awareness of Distance Education The process of providing them with information and expertise to influence their information, attitudes, and behavior concerning matters of better education.
D. Websites
A collection of similar related web files designed by an individual, group of individuals, or an organization.
E. Corona Pandemic
Coronavirus is a large strain of viruses that can cause disease to animals and humans. Coronavirus causes respiratory diseases in humans, ranging from common colds to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and SARS. The recently detected Coronavirus causes Covid-19.
IX. RESULTS
The results were presented and analyzed in light of the sequence of study questions:
For analysis of this resolution, the calculations and standard deviations of its four fields were calculated as follows:
Table 1.
Computational averages and standard deviations for remote learning detection fields
Rank Domain Number Arithmetic mean Standard deviation Degree 1 Remote education continues as Coronavirus spreads 400
2.55 0.90
Average
2 Students Interact with E-Learning in Remote
Education 400 2.47 0.82 Average 3 Teachers react to remote education in Coronavirus crisis 400 2.43 0.67 Average 4 Obstacles to remote education
400 2.35
0.34 Average
5 Effectiveness of remote education in light of the
spread of the Coronavirus from the point of view of teachers
400 2.45
0.57 Average
Table 1 shows the arithmetic mean that, in light of the spread of MERS from the point of view of teachers, the average score was 2.45 with a standard deviation (0.57), and that the area of "continuous distance education with the prevalence of MERS" was arithmetic mean (2.55) and a standard deviation (0.90) with a moderate standard level "Interaction of students with distance education" with arithmetic mean (2.47), a standard deviation (0.82) also with a moderate grade, while the area of "teacher interaction with distance education under the Coronavirus crisis" came with an average of 2.43, a standard deviation (0.67) with
a moderate degree, and finally, the "post" field ", with arithmetic mean (2.35) and a standard deviation (0.34).
First Enforcement Results: There are statistically significant differences between average grades of adolescents who have been exposed to educational platforms and those who have not been exposed to the remote education awareness survey in schools.
The researcher has extracted the computational averages and standard deviations for the continuity of distance learning in schools as follows:
Table 2.
Arithmetic mean and standard deviations of the field "Continuing Education beyond under Coronation"
Rank Domain Number Arithmetic mean Standard deviation Degree 1 Schools trained students to use remote education by offering them some rehabilitation programs during the pandemic 400 3.22 1.35 Average 2 The means of remote education is effective and
covers all aspects of the curriculum 400
3.16 1.44
Average
3 There are steps in the transition from traditional to distance education in the Coronavirus crisis 400
3.04 1.39
Average
4 I am satisfied with using remote education as an
alternative to the traditional education system under the Coronavirus crisis
400 2.83
1.44 Average
5 Remote dispatch and receipt of educational materials without technical barriers.
400 2.70
1.55 Average
6 Schools offer online training courses to explain how to use the remote education system for teachers during the Koruna crisis.
400 2.64
1.39 Average
Rank Domain Number Arithmetic mean Standard deviation Degree 7 Teachers have sufficient skills to design and produce efficient electronic content.
400 2.62
1.41 Average
8 Designing the website provided by schools for
e-learning facilitates the presentation of the material in a simple way. 400 2.50 1.40 Average 9 An E-learning system provides direct communication between members of the learning process
(management, teacher, student) 400
2.28 1.34
Weak
10 Schools provide appropriate technical support to
facilitate the recruitment of technology in the educational material 400 2.26 1.35 Weak 11 E-learning technology contributes effectively to the continuity and success of the education process in the Coronavirus 400 2.18 1.33 Weak 12 Technical support from schools is available for
follow-up on the learning process. 400
2.16 1.33
Weak
13 A guide to using the Instructional Material is provided to students. 400 2.08 1.35 Weak 14 School management continuously assesses distance learning mechanism
400 2.08
1.24 Weak
Table 2 shows that remote education continuity clauses in the MERS range from a low to a moderate grade. The paragraph reads: "Schools have trained students to use distance education by giving them some qualification programs during the pandemic", first with an arithmetic average of 3.222 and a standard deviation of 3.1 5) To an average degree, the paragraph "School management continuously assesses the distance learning mechanism" and the paragraph "A guide to the use of the student's educational site" is
provided in the last place with arithmetic mean (2.08) and a standard deviation (1.24) (1.35), respectively, with a moderate grade.
Second Enforcement Results: There are statistically significant differences between the ease of use and non-use of electronic platforms among average adolescent scores in the remote education awareness survey.
The researcher has extracted the computational averages and standard deviations for the field of barriers to remote learning in schools as follows: Table 3.
Arithmetic mean and standard deviations of Field II paragraphs "Impediments to remote education"
Rank Domain Number Arithmetic mean Standard deviation Degree 1 The remote education system is suited to the type of material on the system of theoretical and practical education 400 3.90 0.93 Big 2 All teachers have the experience and skills to use
computers and the Internet 400
3.30 1.09
Average
3 The speed of the Internet is appropriate, and I can give you a class without any interruption 400
3.20 1.47
Average
4 Training courses and teacher preparation were
conducted before the Coronavirus remote learning. 400
2.62 1.48
Average
5 Power outages occur as you perform the educational process 400 2.42 1.34 Average 6 There is difficulty in communicating directly between teachers and students (ideas and opinions can be exchanged through personal confrontation) 400
1.74 1.04
Weak
7 Teachers have trouble preparing photo lessons
400 1.70
0.95 Weak
8 There is a difficulty for teachers in following the large numbers of students through available remote tools 400
1.60 0.98
Weak
9 Students face problems and obstacles when studying the subject electronically
400 1.54
0.83 Weak
10 The interaction of students with remote education and classes is affected by difficult or special living conditions
400 1.52
0.78 Weak
Table 3 shows that paragraphs in "Impediments to remote learning" have ranged from a low to a high degree. The paragraph "The system of distance education is relevant to the type of material on the system of theoretical and practical education" came first with an arithmetical average of 3.90 and a significant standard deviation (0.93). Students' interaction with e-education and quotas due to difficult or special living conditions", last
place with average arithmetic mean (1.52) and a standard deviation of 0.78) with an average score.
The third question results: There are statistically significant differences between the level of teachers in dealing with electronic platforms and not working with electronic platforms.
The researcher has extracted the computational averages and standard deviations of teacher interaction with distance education in schools as follows:
Table 4.
The arithmetic averages and standard deviations of the third field paragraphs, "The interaction of teachers with remote education in the shadow of the Coronavirus crisis"
Rank Domain Number Arithmetic mean Standard deviation Degree 1 I think remote testing is a good way to evaluate
student achievement 400 3.74 1.12 Big 2 Remote learning is more time-efficient than traditional learning 400 3.42 1.32 Average 3 There is high credibility in evaluating students through the remote education system.
400 3.20
1.41 Average
4 The teacher feels satisfied with the remote education system. 400 2.92 1.44 Average 5 Evaluation methods are appropriate and are conducted in a variety of ways 400 2.60 1.48 Average 6 Students are continuously evaluated during remote learning 400 1.90 1.28 Weak 7 Student learning is easily attached
400 1.78
1.21 Weak
8 The teacher easily answers students' questions about the accompanying science material
400 1.76
1.13 Weak
9 You are committed to remote education based on the school plan. 400 1.48 0.64 Weak 10 Educational content includes tutorials and duties that help the learning process.
400 1.46
0.93 Weak
Table (4) shows that paragraphs in "teacher interaction with distance education" ranged from a low to a high degree. "I believe that remote testing is an appropriate means of evaluating student achievement", ranked first by an average of 3.74 and by a standard deviation of 1.12", and the paragraph came along Educational content includes learning-oriented exercises and duties" in the last place with an arithmetical average of 1.46 and a low standard deviation of 0.93.
The fourth question results: There are statistically significant differences between the average interaction of students who have been on the platforms and who have not experienced their academic achievement from a teacher's point of view.
The researcher has extracted the averages and standard deviations for the field of student interaction with remote education from the teacher's point of view as follows:
Table 5.
The arithmetic averages and standard deviations of the field of "Student interaction with remote education under the Krona pandemic" Rank Domain Number Arithmetic mean Standard deviation Degree 3 I feel good about how students benefit from remote education 400 3.32 1.30 Average 1 Students interact with the remote education system continuously 400 3.20 1.46 Average 6 A remote education method helps to understand
science clearly and easily 400
2.92 1.35
4 Presentation of the material electronically provides the student with additional skills
400 2.26
1.45 Weak
2 Students can ask any questions through remote
learning 400 1.76 1.15 Weak 5 The remote education system allows students to
access the educational material at any time 400
1.36 0.75
Weak
Table 5 shows that paragraphs in the area of "student interaction with distance education in light of the Coronavirus" ranged from a low to a moderate grade. "I feel satisfied with the extent to which students benefit from distance education" came first with an average of 3.32 and a standard deviation of 1.30. The distance learning system allows students to access the educational material at any time" in the last place with an arithmetic mean (1.36) and with a low standard deviation of 0.75.
X. DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
The results were discussed as follows:The results revealed that the arithmetic mean of remote education effectiveness considering the Coronavirus spread from the teacher's point of view was 2.45 with a standard deviation (0.57) with a moderate grade. All fields were found to be of an average degree.
These results show that the teachers applied to them "are from face-to-face learning schools and had no plans to adopt remote education, so they have turned suddenly into distance education, which reduces their experience in this field and makes this type of education a new one that needs to be practiced improving its level.
The result also shows that distance education requires infrastructure such as computers, phones, and proven software in education and the purchase of school-specific programs to ensure the participation of the largest number of students in distance education. Distance education was imposed on schools in a surprising way because of the Koruna tragedy. Teachers communicated with the students within the available capabilities, which were weak and not considered.
Remote education requires concerted government and private efforts. Schools, like other schools, have faced governmental decisions without support for the sustainability of the education process. Besides, the teachers "have not received adequate training to lead the remote education process in the event of a crisis.
A. The Results of the First Question
The results of this first term indicate that the field of continuing distance education, with the spread of Koruna in schools, was moderate.
The result shows that schools have "been surprised by a government decision to close schools to reduce disease, discourage students and prevent face-to-face teaching, without any prior training and professional development for teachers about employing distance education in the process of teaching and learning, and that the students themselves have not been trained in the distance learning system.
The result may show that schools do not adopt advanced and reliable software for remote education, which has made some teachers communicate with students via social media, which are not specialized in distance education, and that some students do not trust the results of electronic tests, which do not take remote education seriously. The results of the second chapter have been unclear for a long time. Neither teachers nor students have known the fate of this class. Will it be canceled, or will education be counted remotely as formal learning and its results be adopted, making some students stop pursuing education remotely and then stop learning.
B. Second Enforcement Results
The second term results indicated that there are significant, medium, and vulnerable obstacles to remote education in schools.
The result shows no pre-approved educational software in schools, which has made students advance in theoretical aspects, while they have difficulty learning remotely in practical aspects.
The result shows that the school staff "is trained in face-to-face education, while distance education requires communication skills and computer skills, which are not trained by teachers, which created difficulties in understanding messages and instructions from the first time, and some teachers are not trained in how to handle computers and smartphones.
The result shows that the Internet's speed is inadequate in some areas, which created a disparity
in receiving and sharing information during the Coronavirus crisis.
The result shows that distance education is an educational innovation forced by the Coronavirus and that each recruit has difficulty at the outset. Experience comes later to remove many obstacles and adapt distance education to the learning environment conditions during the Coronavirus crisis.
C. Third Enforcement Results
This hypothesis shows that the level of interaction of teachers in schools with the education system after the proliferation of MERS has been moderate and that the interaction of teachers with distance education in schools has been moderate and weak in many activities.
The result shows that teachers are poorly interacting with calendar activities, as teachers do not have programs specialized in controlling student implementation of the tests.
Teacher interaction is also conditional on the continued availability of Internet service. This intermittent service makes teachers stop interacting with students if they stop working or limit their ability to respond to students' inquiries about the subject matter easily. Teachers' ability to ask for educational materials is limited due to poor levels of file upload in Internet services.
The result shows that teachers' remote education work was surprising, which made them send in intensive and deep information, avoid details, exercise, and duties, which made teaching materials sometimes dry and boring for students.
The results of this question are similar to those of Bassilaia and Kvavadze [25], which revealed that the experience of moving from school education to online learning during the spread of the MERS epidemic in Georgia has been successful and that the system and the skills acquired by teachers, students, and school management throughout the epidemic can be utilized in different situations such as those with special needs extra, or by increasing the effectiveness of mass teaching, or increasing the independence of the student and acquiring new skills.
D. Fourth Enforcement Results
The fourth term results indicate that the area of interaction between students with distance education in the light of the Coronavirus's spread has reached a moderate level and that their
interaction ranges from moderate to weak in some distance education activities.
This finding shows that school students "are not accustomed to distance education, the Coronavirus pandemic has suddenly imposed distance education on them without prior training, and they have tried to communicate with teachers, who are also not trained in distance education, which has made the interaction between them and distance learning moderate and weak.
Schools also do not have software and pre-prepared computer lessons for emergency use, making teacher members send students lessons that achieve part of the course and sometimes do not include interactive activities, which has made students read and answer questions.
Also, teachers' reliance on PDF and Word lessons and students' demand for reading educational content reduce students' ability to ask questions or questions through distance learning.
Besides, teachers need sufficient training to choose the appropriate software that ensures that students interact with educational content and have access to it whenever they want.
XI. CONCLUSIONS
1. Invest positive guidance for students and teachers towards remote education, develop plans and programs to benefit from such guidance, and give remote education training courses to both students and teachers.
2. Train and encourage teachers to connect with students via e-pages and e-mail, as many students have Internet service at home.
3. Emphasize the need for schools to introduce remote education and disseminate electronic culture among students to maximize interaction with this type of education.
4. Provide an adequate educational structure for applying distance education in schools and remove all human, material, and technical obstacles that prevent its spread in the educational system in all stages and fields.
5. Schools should conduct further studies and research to see how effective remote education is in harsh conditions and hold conferences and seminars to develop and promote distance education.
6. The need for schools to offer materials that will enable students to acquire remote education skills and techniques to facilitate interaction and benefit from students with educational materials displayed electronically.
A. Proposed Research
In the light of the results of this study, some of the proposed research could be presented as follows:
1. The impact of using electronic platforms is the same as the success of a sample of secondary school students.
2. The effectiveness of using platforms to improve the efficiency of electronic education in secondary school students' eyes.
3. Listening to educational programs on satellite channels and their relation to the educational process's success in the eyes of secondary school students.
4. Effectiveness of a training program to develop teacher skills to use electronic platforms in government schools.
5. Developing positive thinking to relieve depression in school students during the learning process during the corona Pandemic.
6. Positive thinking on the part of teachers in public schools and its relation to the educational process of middle school students.
B. Practice
1. Invest positive guidance for students and teachers towards remote education, develop plans and programs to benefit from such guidance, and give remote education training courses to both students and teachers.
2. Train and encourage teachers to connect with students via e-pages and e-mail, as many students have Internet service at home.
3. Emphasize the need for schools to introduce remote education and disseminate electronic culture among students to maximize interaction with this type of education.
4. Provide a suitable educational structure for remote education in schools and remove all human, material, and technical obstacles that prevent its spread in the educational system in all stages and fields.
5. Schools should conduct further studies and research to see how effective remote education is in harsh conditions and hold conferences and seminars to develop and promote distance education.
6. The need for schools to introduce materials that will enable students to acquire remote education skills and techniques to facilitate interaction and benefit from students with educational materials displayed electronically.
