∠Ι ∠リΑ͡グｚャや∠ヱ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱ ン⇔ギ⊥ワ ∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ ∠リΑ͡グｚヤ͡ャ ∠ヲ⊥ワ ∇モ⊥ホぴ
͡ョ∇ぽ⊥Α
びヴ⇔ヨ∠ハ ∇ユ͡ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ∀ゲ∇ホ∠ヱ ∇ユ͡ヰ͡ルや∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ∠ラヲ⊥レ
(Say: "It is for t hose who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for t hose who disbelieve, t here is heaviness (deafness) in t heir ears, and it (t he Qur'an) is blindness for t hem.'') (41:44).
ｚル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ
び∠マ
(And verily, you) means, ` O Muhammad,'
び∃ユΒ͡ボ∠わ∇ジぁョ ∃ヅ∠ゲ͡タ ヴ∠ャ͡ま ン͡ギ∇ヰ∠わ∠ャぴ
(are indeed guiding t o a st raight pat h.) means, t he correct behavior. Then Allah explains t his furt her by saying:
び͡ヮｚヤャや ͡ヅ∠ゲ͡タぴ
(The pat h of Allah) meaning, His Laws which He enj oins.
び͡チ∇ケｘΙや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ⊥ヮ∠ャ ン͡グｚャやぴ
(t o Whom belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h.) means, t heir Lord and Sovereign, t he One Who is cont rolling and ruling t hem, Whose decree cannot be overt urned.
び⊥ケヲ⊥ョｙΙや ⊥ゲΒ͡ダ∠ゎ ͡ヮｚヤャや ヴ∠ャ͡ま ∠Ι∠ぺぴ
(Verily, all mat t ers at t he end go t o Allah.) means, all mat t ers come back t o Him and He issues j udgement concerning t hem. Glorified and exalt ed be He far above all t hat t he evildoers and deniers say. ぴThis is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Ash-Shuraび
The Tafsir of Surat Az-Zukhruf
(Chapter - 43)
͡ユΒ͡ェｚゲャや ͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャや ͡ヮｚヤャや ͡ユ∇ジ͡よぴ
In the Name of
Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most
Merciful
.
ユ⇒ェぴ
-͡リΒ͡ら⊥ヨ∇ャや ͡ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや∠ヱ
-͡ま
⇔ゅ∂Β͡よ∠ゲ∠ハ ⇔ゅルや￢∇ゲ⊥ホ ⊥ヮ⇒∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠ィ ゅｚル
∠ラヲ⊥ヤ͡ボ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユ⊥ムｚヤ∠バｚャ
-ｘヴ͡ヤ∠バ∠ャ ゅ∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠ャ ͡ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや ∂ュ⊥ぺ ヴ͡プ ⊥ヮｚル͡ま∠ヱ
∀ユΒ͡ム∠ェ
-∇ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ∠ぺ ⇔ゅエ∇ヘ∠タ ∠ゲ∇ミ∂グャや ⊥ユ⊥ムレ∠ハ ⊥ゆ͡ゲ∇ツ∠レ∠プ∠ぺ
∠リΒ͡プ͡ゲ∇ジぁョ ⇔ゅョ∇ヲ∠ホ
-∠リΒ͡ャｚヱ∇Ιや ヴ͡プ ∂ヶ͡らｚル リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケ∠ぺ ∇ユ∠ミ∠ヱ
-͡ゎ∇ほ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ラヱ￢͡ゴ∇ヰ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ͡ヮ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ｚΙ͡ま ∂ヴ͡らｚル ∇リ∂ョ ユ͡ヰΒ
-∠リΒ͡ャｚヱ∇Ιや ⊥モ∠ん∠ョ ヴ∠ツ∠ョ∠ヱ ⇔ゅゼ∇ト∠よ ユ⊥ヰ∇レ͡ョ ｚギ∠セ∠ぺ べ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ほ∠プ
-び
(1. Ha Mim.) (2. By t he manifest Book.) (3. Verily, We have made it a Qur'an in Arabic t hat you may be able t o underst and.) (4. And verily, it is in t he Mot her of t he Book wit h Us, indeed exalt ed, full of wisdom.) (5. Shall We t hen t ake away t he Reminder from you, because you are a people excessive.) (6. And how many a Prophet have We sent amongst t he men of old.) (7. And never came t here a Prophet t o t hem but t hey used t o mock at him.) (8. Then We dest royed men st ronger (in power) t han t hese and t he example of t he ancient s has passed away.)
ユ⇒ェぴ
-び ͡ユΒ͡ヤ∠バ∇ャや ͡ゴΑ͡ゴ∠バ∇ャや ͡ヮｚヤャや ∠リ͡ョ ͡ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや ⊥モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ
(Ha-Mim. By t he manifest Book.) means, plain and clear in bot h wording and meaning, because it was revealed in t he language of t he Arabs, which is t he most eloquent language for communicat ion among people. Allah says:
び⊥ヮ⇒∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠ィ ゅｚル͡まぴ
(Verily, We have made it ) meaning, revealed it ,
び⇔ゅ∂Β͡よ∠ゲ∠ハ ⇔ゅルや∠￢∇ゲ⊥ホぴ
び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ͡ボ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユ⊥ムｚヤ∠バ∠ャぴ
(t hat you may be able t o underst and.) means, t hat you may underst and it and ponder it s meanings. This is like t he Ayah:
び ∃リΒ͡らぁョ ｙヴ͡よ∠ゲ∠ハ ∃ラゅ∠ジ͡ヤ͡よぴ
(In t he plain Arabic language.) (26:195)
び ∀ユΒ͡ム∠ェ ｘヴ͡ヤ∠バ∠ャ ゅ∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠ャ ͡ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや あュ⊥ぺ ヴ͡プ ⊥ヮｚル͡ま∠ヱぴ
(And verily, it is in t he Mot her of t he Book wit h Us, indeed exalt ed, full of wisdom.) This explains t he high st at us of t he Qur'an among t he host s on high (t he angels), so t hat t he people of eart h will respect it , venerat e it and obey it .
び⊥ヮｚル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ
(And verily, it ) means, t he Qur'an,
び͡ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや あュ⊥ぺ ヴ͡プぴ
(is in t he Mot her of t he Book) meaning, Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz (t he Preserved Tablet ). This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid.
びべ∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠ャぴ
(wit h Us,) means, in Our presence. This was t he view of Qat adah and ot hers.
ぴ
びヴあヤ∠バｚャ
(indeed exalt ed) means, occupying a posit ion of honor and virt ue. This was t he view of Qat adah.
び∀ユΒ͡ム∠ェぴ
(full of wisdom.) means, clear, wit h no confusion or deviat ion. All of t his indicat es it s noble st at us and virt ue, as Allah says elsewhere:
∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ∀ラや∠￢∇ゲ⊥ボ∠ャ ⊥ヮｚル͡まぴ
-∃ラヲ⊥レ∇ムｚョ ∃ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ ヴ͡プ
-⊥ヮぁジ∠ヨ∠Α ｚΙ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲｚヰ∠ト⊥ヨ∇ャや ｚΙ͡ま
-び ∠リΒ͡ヨ∠ヤ⇒∠バ∇ャや あゆｚケ リあョ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ
(That (t his) is indeed an honorable recit at ion. In a Book well-guarded. Which none can t ouch but t he pure. A revelat ion from t he Lord of t he all t hat exist s.) (56:77-80)
∃ブ⊥エ⊥タ ヴ∠プ ⊥ロ∠ゲ∠ミ∠ク ∠￢べ∠セ リ∠ヨ∠プ ∀り∠ゲ͡ミ∇グ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヰｚル͡ま ｚΚ∠ミぴ
∃り∠ケ∠ゲ∠よ ∃ュや∠ゲ͡ミ ∃り∠ゲ∠ヘ∠シ ン͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ ∃り∠ゲｚヰ∠トぁョ ∃る∠ハヲ⊥プ∇ゲｚョ ∃る∠ョｚゲ∠ムぁョ
び
(Nay, indeed it is an admonit ion. So whoever wills, let him pay at t ent ion t o it . (It is) in Records held (great ly) in honor, exalt ed, purified, in t he hands of scribes (angels), honorable and obedient .) (80:11-16)
⇔ゅョ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ∠ぺ ⇔ゅエ∇ヘ∠タ ∠ゲ∇ミあグャや ⊥ユ⊥ムレ∠ハ ⊥ゆ͡ゲ∇ツ∠レ∠プ∠ぺぴ
び ∠リΒ͡プ͡ゲ∇ジぁョ
(Shall We t hen t ake away t he Reminder (t his Qur'an) from you, because you are a people excessive.) means, ` do you t hink t hat We will forgive you and not punish you, when you do not do as you have been commanded' This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Abu Salih, Muj ahid and As-Suddi, and was t he view favored by Ibn Jarir.
び⇔ゅエ∇ヘ∠タ ∠ゲ∇ミあグャや ⊥ユ⊥ムレ∠ハ ⊥ゆ͡ゲ∇ツ∠レ∠プ∠ぺぴ
(Shall We t hen t ake away t he Reminder (t his Qur'an) from you,) Qat adah said, "By Allah, if t his Qur'an had been t aken away when t he first generat ions of t his Ummah rej ect ed it , t hey would have been doomed, but Allah by His mercy persist ed in sending it and calling t hem t o it for t went y years, or for as long as He willed.'' What Qat adah said is very good, and his point is t hat Allah, by His grace and mercy t owards His creat ion, did not st op calling t hem t o t he t rut h and t o t he wise Reminder, i.e., t he Qur'an, even t hough t hey were heedless and t urned away from it . Indeed, He sent it so t hat t hose who were decreed t o be guided might be guided by it , and so t hat proof might be est ablished against t hose who were decreed t o be.
Consolation to the Prophet for the Disbelief of Quraysh
Then Allah consoles His Prophet for t he disbelief of his people, and commands him t o bear it wit h pat ience.
び ∠リΒ͡ャｚヱｘΙや ヴ͡プ ｙヶ͡らｚル リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケ∠ぺ ∇ユ∠ミ∠ヱぴ
(And how many a Prophet have We sent amongst t he men of old.) meaning, among t he sect s (communit ies) of old.
び ∠ラヱ⊥￢͡ゴ∇ヰ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ͡ヮ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ｚΙ͡ま ｙヴ͡らｚル ∇リあョ ユ͡ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱぴ
(And never came t here a Prophet t o t hem but t hey used t o mock at him.) means, t hey disbelieved him and mock at him.
び⇔ゅゼ∇ト∠よ ユ⊥ヰ∇レ͡ョ ｚギ∠セ∠ぺ べ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ほ∠プぴ
(Then We dest royed men st ronger t han t hese) means, ` We dest royed t hose who disbelieved in t he Messengers, and t hey were st ronger in power t han t hese who disbelieve in you, O Muhammad.' This is like t he Ayah:
∠ラゅ∠ミ ∠ブ∇Β∠ミ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ⊥ヌレ∠Β∠プ ͡チ∇ケｘΙや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ∇ユ∠ヤ∠プ∠ぺぴ
ｚギ∠セ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レ͡ョ ∠ゲ∠ん⇒∇ミ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユ͡ヰ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ リ͡ョ ∠リΑ͡グｚャや ⊥る∠ら͡ボ⇒∠ハ
び⇔りｚヲ⊥ホ
(Have t hey not t raveled t hrough t he eart h and seen what was t he end of t hose before t hem They were more in number t han t hem and might ier in st rengt h) (40:82). And t here are many similar Ayat .
び∠リΒ͡ャｚヱｘΙや ⊥モ∠ん∠ョ ヴ∠ツ∠ョ∠ヱぴ
(and t he example of t he ancient s has passed away. ) Muj ahid said, "The way of t heir life.'' Qat adah said, "Their punishment .'' Ot hers said, "Their lesson,'' i.e., ` We made t hem a lesson for t hose disbelievers who came aft er t hem, t hat t hey would suffer t he same end as t hem,' as in t he Ayah at t he end of t his Surah:
び ∠リΑ͡ゲ͡カｘΚあャ ⇔Κ∠ん∠ョ∠ヱ ⇔ゅヘ∠ヤ∠シ ∇ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠イ∠プぴ
(And We made t hem a precedent , and an example t o lat er generat ions.) (43:56);
び͡ロ͡キゅ∠ら͡ハ ヴ͡プ ∇ろ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギ∠ホ ヴ͡わｚャや ͡ヮｚヤャや ∠るｚレ⊥シぴ
び⇔ΚΑ͡ギ∇ら∠ゎ ͡ヮｚヤャや ͡るｚレ⊥ジ͡ャ ∠ギ͡イ∠ゎ リ∠ャ∠ヱぴ
(and you will not find any change in t he way of Allah.) (33:62)
∠チ∇ケｘΙや∠ヱ ͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや ∠ペ∠ヤ∠カ ∇リｚョ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠わ∇ャ∠ほ∠シ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ
⊥ユΒ͡ヤ∠バ∇ャや ⊥ゴΑ͡ゴ∠バ∇ャや ｚリ⊥ヰ∠ボ∠ヤ∠カ ｚリ⊥ャヲ⊥ボ∠Β∠ャ
-⊥ユ⊥ム∠ャ ∠モ∠バ∠ィ ン͡グｚャや
∇ユ⊥ムｚヤ∠バｚャ ⇔Κ⊥ら⊥シ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ャ ∠モ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱ ⇔やギ∇ヰ∠ョ ∠チ∇ケｘΙや
∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠わ∇ヰ∠ゎ
-ン͡グｚャや∠ヱ
∃ケ∠ギ∠ボ͡よ ⇔￢べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨｚジャや ∠リ͡ョ ∠メｚゴ∠ル
∠ラヲ⊥ィ∠ゲ∇ガ⊥ゎ ∠マ͡ャ∠グ∠ミ ⇔ゅわ∇Βｚョ ⇔り∠ギ∇ヤ∠よ ͡ヮ͡よ ゅ∠ル∇ゲ∠ゼル∠ほ∠プ
-ン͡グｚャや∠ヱ
͡ユ⇒∠バ∇ルｘΙや∠ヱ ͡マ∇ヤ⊥ヘ∇ャや ∠リあョ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ャ ∠モ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰｚヤ⊥ミ ∠ァ∠ヱ∇コ∠Εや ∠ペ∠ヤ∠カ
∠ラヲ⊥ら∠ミ∇ゲ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ
-∇やヱ⊥ゲ⊥ミ∇グ∠ゎ ｚユ⊥を ͡ロ͡ケヲ⊥ヰ⊥ニ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ∇やヱ⊥ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠わ͡ャ
∠る∠ヨ∇バ͡ル
∠リ⇒∠エ∇ら⊥シ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボ∠ゎ∠ヱ ͡ヮ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∇ユ⊥わ∇Α∠ヲ∠わ∇シや や∠ク͡ま ∇ユ⊥ムあよ∠ケ
∠リΒ͡ル͡ゲ∇ボ⊥ョ ⊥ヮ∠ャ ゅｚレ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∠ゲｚガ∠シ ン͡グｚャや
-べｚル͡ま∠ヱ
び ∠ラヲ⊥ら͡ヤ∠ボレ⊥ヨ∠ャ ゅ∠レあよ∠ケ ヴ∠ャ͡ま
(9. And indeed if you ask t hem: "Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h'' They will surely say: "The All-Might y, t he All-Knower creat ed t hem.'') (10. Who has made for you t he eart h like a bed, and has made for you roads t herein, in order t hat you may find your way.) (11. And Who sends down wat er from t he sky in due measure, t hen We revive a dead land t herewit h, and even so you will be brought fort h.) (12. And Who has creat ed all t he pairs and has appoint ed for you ships and cat t le on which you ride,) (13. In order t hat you may mount on t heir backs, and t hen may remember t he favor of your Lord when you mount t hereon, and say: "Glory t o Him Who has subj ect ed t his t o us, and we could have never had it .'') (14. And verily, t o Our Lord we indeed are t o ret urn!'')
The Idolators' admission that Allah is the Sole Creator, and Further
Evidence of that
Allah says: ` If you, O Muhammad, were t o ask t hese idolat ors who associat e ot hers wit h Allah and worship ot hers besides Him,'
ｚリ⊥ヰ∠ボ∠ヤ∠カ ｚリ⊥ャヲ⊥ボ∠Β∠ャ ∠チ∇ケｘΙや∠ヱ ͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや ∠ペ∠ヤ∠カ ∇リｚョぴ
び⊥ユΒ͡ヤ∠バ∇ャや ⊥ゴΑ͡ゴ∠バ∇ャや
("Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h'' They will surely say: "The Might y, t he All-Knower creat ed t hem.'') In ot her words, t hey will admit t hat t he Creat or of all t hat is Allah Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, yet t hey st ill worship ot hers -- idols and false gods -- alongside Him.
び⇔やギ∇ヰ∠ョ ∠チ∇ケｘΙや ⊥ユ⊥ム∠ャ ∠モ∠バ∠ィ ン͡グｚャやぴ
(Who has made for you t he eart h like a bed,) means, smoot h, st able and firm, so t hat you can t ravel about in it , and st and on it and sleep and walk about , even t hough it is creat ed above wat er, but He has st rengt hened it wit h t he mount ains, lest it should shake.
び⇔Κ⊥ら⊥シ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ャ ∠モ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ
(and has made for you roads t herein,) means, pat hs bet ween t he mount ains and t he valleys.
び∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠わ∇ヰ∠ゎ ∇ユ⊥ムｚヤ∠バ∠ャぴ
(in order t hat you may find your way.) means, in your j ourneys from cit y t o cit y, region t o region, land t o land.
び∃ケ∠ギ∠ボ͡よ ⇔￢べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨｚジャや ∠リ͡ョ ∠メｚゴ∠ル ン͡グｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And Who sends down wat er from t he sky in due measure, ) means, according t o what is sufficient for your crops, fruit s and drinking wat er for yourselves and your cat t le.
び⇔ゅわ∇Βｚョ ⇔り∠ギ∇ヤ∠よ ͡ヮ͡よ ゅ∠ル∇ゲ∠ゼル∠ほ∠プぴ
(t hen We revive a dead land t herewit h,) means, a barren land, for when t he wat er comes t o it , it is st irred (t o life), and it swells and put s fort h every lovely kind (of growt h). By referring t o t he revival of t he eart h, Allah draws at t ent ion t o how He will bring bodies back t o life on t he Day of Resurrect ion, aft er t hey have been dead.
び∠ラヲ⊥ィ∠ゲ∇ガ⊥ゎ ∠マ͡ャ∠グ∠ミぴ
(and even so you will be brought fort h.) Then Allah says:
(And Who has creat ed all t he pairs) meaning, of everyt hing t hat grows in t he eart h, all kinds of plant s, crops, fruit s, flowers, et c., and all different kinds of animals.
び͡マ∇ヤ⊥ヘ∇ャや ∠リあョ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ャ ∠モ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ
(and has appoint ed for you ships) or vessels,
び∠ラヲ⊥ら∠ミ∇ゲ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ͡ユ⇒∠バ∇ルｘΙや∠ヱぴ
(and cat t le on which you ride.) means, He has subj ugat ed t hem t o you and made it easy for you t o eat t heir meat , drink t heir milk and ride on t heir backs. Allah says:
び͡ロ͡ケヲ⊥ヰ⊥ニ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ∇やヱ⊥ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠わ͡ャぴ
(In order t hat you may mount on t heir backs, ) meaning, sit comfort ably and securely,
び͡ロ͡ケヲ⊥ヰ⊥ニ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ
(on t heir backs) means, on t he backs of t hese kinds of animals.
び∇ユ⊥ムあよ∠ケ ∠る∠ヨ∇バ͡ル ∇やヱ⊥ゲ⊥ミ∇グ∠ゎ ｚユ⊥をぴ
(and t hen may remember t he favor of your Lord) means, whereby t hese animals are subj ugat ed t o you.
ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∠ゲｚガ∠シ ン͡グｚャや ∠リ⇒∠エ∇ら⊥シ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボ∠ゎ∠ヱ ͡ヮ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∇ユ⊥わ∇Α∠ヲ∠わ∇シや や∠ク͡まぴ
⊥ョ ⊥ヮ∠ャ ゅｚレ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ や∠グ⇒∠ワ
び∠リΒ͡ル͡ゲ∇ボ
(when you mount t hereon, and say: "Glory t o Him Who has subj ect ed t his t o us, and we could have never had it .'') means, if it were not for t he fact t hat Allah has subj ugat ed t hese t hings t o us, we could never have done t his by our own st rengt h.' Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said: "We could not have done t his ourselves.''
び ∠ラヲ⊥ら͡ヤ∠ボレ⊥ヨ∠ャ ゅ∠レあよ∠ケ ヴ∠ャ͡ま べｚル͡ま∠ヱぴ
(And verily, t o Our Lord we indeed are t o ret urn.) means, ` We will ret urn t o Him aft er our deat h, and our ult imat e dest inat ion is wit h Him. ' In t his Ayah, ment ion of eart hly j ourneys draws at t ent ion t o t he j ourney of t he Hereaft er, j ust as elsewhere, ment ion of eart hly provision draws at t ent ion t o t he import ance of ensuring provision for t he Hereaft er, as Allah says:
∠ヱぴ
びン∠ヲ∇ボｚわャや ͡キやｚゴャや ∠ゲ∇Β∠カ ｚラ͡み∠プ ∇やヱ⊥キｚヱ∠ゴ∠ゎ
(And t ake a provision (wit h you) for t he j ourney, but t he best provision is t he Taqwa) (2:197). And ment ion of eart hly garment s is also used t o draw at t ent ion t o t he raiment of t he Hereaft er:
͡ャ∠ヱ ゅ⇔ゼΑ͡ケ∠ヱぴ
び∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∠マ͡ャ∠ク ン∠ヲ∇ボｚわャや ⊥サゅ∠ら
(and as an adornment ; and t he raiment of t he Taqwa, t hat is bet t er) (7:26).
∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ム∠ャ ∠リ⇒∠ジルΗや ｚラ͡ま や⇔￢∇ゴ⊥ィ ͡ロ͡キゅ∠ら͡ハ ∇リ͡ョ ⊥ヮ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ
∀リΒ͡らぁョ
-∠リΒ͡レ∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム⇒∠ヘ∇タ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∃れゅ∠レ∠よ ⊥ペ⊥ヤ∇ガ∠Α ゅｚヨ͡ョ ∠グ∠ガｚゎや ͡ュ∠ぺ
-∠ヱ
⇔Κ∠ん∠ョ ͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェｚゲヤ͡ャ ∠ゆ∠ゲ∠ッ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ワ⊥ギ∠ェ∠ぺ ∠ゲあゼ⊥よ や∠ク͡ま
∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ミ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ⇔や∂キ∠ヲ∇ジ⊥ョ ⊥ヮ⊥ヰ∇ィ∠ヱ ｚモ∠ニ
-ヴ͡プ ⊥ほｚゼ∠レ⊥Α リ∠ョ∠ヱ∠ぺ
∃リΒ͡ら⊥ョ ⊥ゲ∇Β∠ビ ͡ュゅ∠ダ͡ガ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ͡る∠Β∇ヤ͡エ∇ャや
-∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱ
⊥ギ͡ヰ∠セ∠ぺ ⇔ゅん⇒∠ル͡ま ͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャや ⊥キゅ∠ら͡ハ ∇ユ⊥ワ ∠リΑ͡グｚャや ∠る∠ム͡ゃ⇒∠ヤ∠ヨ∇ャや
∇やヱ
∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ⊥Α∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ゎ∠ギ⇒∠ヰ∠セ ⊥ょ∠わ∇ム⊥わ∠シ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ボ∇ヤ∠カ
-∇ヲ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ∠ヱ
∃ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ∇リ͡ョ ∠マ͡ャ∠グ͡よ ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ゅｚョ ∇ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ル∇ギ∠ら∠ハ ゅ∠ョ ⊥リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャや ∠￢べ∠セ
び ∠ラヲ⊥タ⊥ゲ∇ガ∠Α ｚΙ͡ま ∇ユ⊥ワ ∇ラ͡ま
(15. Yet , t hey assign t o some of His servant s a share wit h Him. Verily, man is indeed a manifest ingrat e!) (16. Or has He t aken daught ers out of what He has creat ed, and He has select ed for you sons) (17. And if one of t hem is informed of t he news of t hat which he set s fort h as a parable t o t he Most Gracious, his face becomes dark, and he is filled wit h grief!) (18. A creat ure who is brought up in adornment s, and who in disput e cannot make it self clear) (19. And t hey make females t he angels who t hemselves are servant s of t he Most Gracious. Did t hey wit ness t heir creat ion Their t est imony will be recorded, and t hey will be quest ioned!) (20. And t hey said: "If it had been t he will of t he Most Gracious,
Condemnation of the Idolators' attribution of Offspring to Allah
Here Allah speaks of t he lies and fabricat ions of t he idolat ors, when t hey devot ed some of t heir cat t le t o t heir false gods and some t o Allah, as He described in Surat Al-An` am where He said:
⇔ゅらΒ͡ダ∠ル ͡ュゅ∠バ∇ルｘΙや∠ヱ ͡ゐ∇ゲ∠エ∇ャや ∠リ͡ョ ∠ぺ∠ケ∠ク ゅｚヨ͡ョ ͡ヮｚヤ͡ャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ
∠ラゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ゅ∠レ͡もべ∠ミ∠ゲ⊥ゼ͡ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワ∠ヱ ∇ユ͡ヰ͡ヨ∇ハ∠ゴ͡よ ͡ヮｚヤ͡ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボ∠プ
∠ヲ⊥ヰ∠プ ͡ヮｚヤ͡ャ ∠ラゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ͡ヮｚヤャや ヴ∠ャ͡ま ⊥モ͡ダ∠Α ∠Κ∠プ ∇ユ͡ヰ͡もべ∠ミ∠ゲ⊥ゼ͡ャ
ゅ∠ョ ∠￢べ∠シ ∇ユ͡ヰ͡もべ∠ミ∠ゲ⊥セ ヴ∠ャ͡ま ⊥モ͡ダ∠Α
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ⊥ム∇エ∠Α
(And t hey assign t o Allah share of t he t ilt h and cat t le which He has creat ed, and t hey say: "This is for Allah'' according t o t heir claim, "and t his is for our part ners.'' But t he share of t heir part ners reaches not Allah, while t he share of Allah reaches t heir part ners! Evil is t he way t hey j udge!) (6:136). Similarly, out of t he t wo kinds of offspring, sons and daught ers, t hey assigned t o Him t he worst and least valuable (in t heir eyes), i.e., daught ers, as Allah says:
∠ヱ ⊥ゲ∠ミｚグャや ⊥ユ⊥ム∠ャ∠ぺぴ
ヴ∠んルｙΙや ⊥ヮ∠ャ
-ン∠ゴΒ͡ッ ∀る∠ヨ∇ジ͡ホ ⇔やク͡ま ∠マ∇ヤ͡ゎ
び
(Is it for you t he males and for Him t he females That indeed is a division most unfair!) (53:21-22) And Allah says here:
∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ム∠ャ ∠リ⇒∠ジルΗや ｚラ͡ま や⇔￢∇ゴ⊥ィ ͡ロ͡キゅ∠ら͡ハ ∇リ͡ョ ⊥ヮ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ
び ∀リΒ͡らぁョ
(Yet , t hey assign t o some of His servant s a share wit h Him. Verily, man is indeed a manifest ingrat e!) Then He says:
び ∠リΒ͡レ∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム⇒∠ヘ∇タ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∃れゅ∠レ∠よ ⊥ペ⊥ヤ∇ガ∠Α ゅｚヨ͡ョ ∠グ∠ガｚゎや ͡ュ∠ぺぴ
(Or has He t aken daught ers out of what He has creat ed, and He has select ed for you sons) This is a denunciat ion of t hem in t he st rongest t erms, as He goes on t o say:
ｚモ∠ニ ⇔Κ∠ん∠ョ ͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェｚゲヤ͡ャ ∠ゆ∠ゲ∠ッ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ワ⊥ギ∠ェ∠ぺ ∠ゲあゼ⊥よ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱぴ
び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ミ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ⇔や∂キ∠ヲ∇ジ⊥ョ ⊥ヮ⊥ヰ∇ィ∠ヱ
(And if one of t hem is informed of t he news of t hat which he set s fort h as a parable t o t he Most Gracious, his face becomes dark, and he is filled wit h grief!) means, if one of t hese people is given t he news t hat t here has been born t o him one of t hose which he at t ribut es t o Allah, i.e., a daught er, he hat es t his news and it depresses and overwhelms him so much t hat he keeps
away from people because he feels so ashamed. Allah says, so how can t hey dislike t hat so much and yet t hey at t ribut e it t o Allah
⊥ゲ∇Β∠ビ ͡ュゅ∠ダ͡ガ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ͡る∠Β∇ヤ͡エ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ⊥ほｚゼ∠レ⊥Α リ∠ョ∠ヱ∠ぺぴ
び ∃リΒ͡ら⊥ョ
(A creat ure who is brought up in adornment s, and who in disput e cannot make it self clear) means, women are regarded as lacking somet hing, which t hey make up for wit h j ewelry and adornment s from t he t ime of childhood onwards, and when t here is a disput e, t hey cannot speak up and defend t hemselves clearly, so how can t his be at t ribut ed t o Allah
び⇔ゅん⇒∠ル͡ま ͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャや ⊥キゅ∠ら͡ハ ∇ユ⊥ワ ∠リΑ͡グｚャや ∠る∠ム͡ゃ⇒∠ヤ∠ヨ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ
(And t hey make females t he angels who t hemselves are servant s of t he Most Gracious.) means, t hat is what t hey believe about t hem, but Allah denounces t hem for t hat and says:
び∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ボ∇ヤ∠カ ∇やヱ⊥ギ͡ヰ∠セ∠ぺぴ
(Did t hey wit ness t heir creat ion) meaning, did t hey see Allah creat ing t hem as females
び∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ゎ∠ギ⇒∠ヰ∠セ ⊥ょ∠わ∇ム⊥わ∠シぴ
(Their t est imony will be recorded,) means, concerning t hat ,
び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ⊥Α∠ヱぴ
(and t hey will be quest ioned!) means, about t hat , on t he Day of Resurrect ion. This is a st ern warning and a serious t hreat .
⊥ャゅ∠ホ∠ヱぴ
び∇ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ル∇ギ∠ら∠ハ ゅ∠ョ ⊥リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャや ∠￢べ∠セ ∇ヲ∠ャ ∇やヲ
(And t hey said: "If it had been t he will of t he Most Gracious, we should not have worshipped t hem.'') means, (t hey said:) ` if Allah had willed, He would have prevent ed us from worshipping t hese idols which are images of t he angels who are t he daught ers of Allah; He knows about t his and He approves of it .' By saying t his, t hey combined several t ypes of error: First : They at t ribut ed offspring t o Allah -- exalt ed and sanct ified be He far above t hat . Second: They claimed t hat He chose daught ers rat her t han sons, and t hey made t he angels, who are t he servant s of t he Most Gracious, female. Third: They worshipped t hem wit h no proof, evidence or permission from Allah. This was based on mere opinion, whims and desires, imit at ion of t heir elders and forefat hers, and pure ignorance. They used Allah's decree as an excuse, and t his reasoning bet rayed t heir ignorance. Fourt h: Allah denounced t hem for t his in t he st rongest t erms, for from t he t ime He first sent Messengers and revealed Books, t he command was t o
worship Him Alone wit h no part ner or associat e, and it was forbidden t o worship anyt hing ot her t han Him. Allah says:
∠ヮｚヤャや ∇やヱ⊥ギ⊥ら∇ハや ͡ラ∠ぺ ⇔Ιヲ⊥シｚケ ∃るｚョ⊥ぺ あモ⊥ミ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ん∠バ∠よ ∇ギ∠ボ∠ャ∠ヱぴ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レ͡ョ∠ヱ ⊥ヮｚヤャや ン∠ギ∠ワ ∇リｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レ͡ヨ∠プ ∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ら͡レ∠わ∇ィや∠ヱ
͡チ∇ケｘΙや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジ∠プ ⊥る∠ヤ⇒∠ヤｚツャや ͡ヮ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∇ろｚボ∠ェ ∇リｚョ
び ∠リΒ͡よあグ∠ム⊥ヨ∇ャや ⊥る∠ら͡ボ⇒∠ハ ∠ラゅ∠ミ ∠ブ∇Β∠ミ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ⊥ヌルゅ∠プ
(And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah, and avoid all false deit ies.'' Then of t hem were some whom Allah guided and of t hem were some upon whom t he st raying was j ust ified. So t ravel t hrough t he land and see what was t he end of t hose who denied.) (16:36)
ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ぺ べ∠レ͡ヤ⊥シぁケ リ͡ョ ∠マ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケ∠ぺ ∇リ∠ョ ∇モゃ∇シや∠ヱぴ
び ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠ら∇バ⊥Α ⇔る∠ヰ͡ャや∠￢ ͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャや ͡ラヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ
(And ask t hose of Our Messengers whom We sent before you: "Did We ever appoint gods t o be worshipped besides t he Most Gracious'') (43:45) And Allah says in t his Ayah, aft er ment ioning t his argument of t heirs:
び∃ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ∇リ͡ョ ∠マ͡ャ∠グ͡よ ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ゅｚョぴ
(They have no knowledge what soever of t hat .) meaning, of t he t rut h of what t hey say and t he argument s t hey put forward.
∠ラヲ⊥タ⊥ゲ∇ガ∠Α ｚΙ͡ま ∇ユ⊥ワ ∇ラ͡ま∠ヱぴ
び
(They do not hing but lie!) means, t hey t ell lies and fabricat e unt rut hs.
び∠ラヲ⊥タ⊥ゲ∇ガ∠Α ｚΙ͡ま ∇ユ⊥ワ ∇ラ͡ま ∃ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ∇リ͡ョ ∠マ͡ャ∠グ͡よ ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ゅｚョぴ
(They have no knowledge what soever of t hat . They do not hing but lie!) Muj ahid said, "They do not appreciat e t he power of Allah.''
∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ジ∇ヨ∠わ∇ジ⊥ョ ͡ヮ͡よ ユ⊥ヰ∠プ ͡ヮ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ リあョ ⇔ゅら⇒∠わ͡ミ ∇ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ュ∠ぺぴ
-ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ゅｚル͡ま∠ヱ ∃るｚョ⊥ぺ -ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ゅ∠ル∠￢べ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ル∇ギ∠ィ∠ヱ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇モ∠よ
∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠わ∇ヰぁョ ユ͡ワ͡ゲ⇒∠をや∠￢
-∠マ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケ∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∠マ͡ャ∠グ∠ミ∠ヱ
͡ま ∃ゲΑ͡グｚル リあョ ∃る∠Α∇ゲ∠ホ ヴ͡プ
べ∠ル∇ギ∠ィ∠ヱ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠ワヲ⊥プ∠ゲ∇わ⊥ョ ∠メゅ∠ホ ｚΙ
∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠わ∇ボぁョ ユ͡ワ͡ゲ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ゅｚル͡ま∠ヱ ∃るｚョ⊥ぺ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ゅ∠ル∠￢べ∠よや∠￢
-∇モ⊥ホ
∇ユ⊥ミ∠￢べ∠よや∠￢ ͡ヮ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∇ユぁゎギ∠ィ∠ヱ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ン∠ギ∇ワ∠ほ͡よ ∇ユ⊥ム⊥わ∇ゃ͡ィ ∇ヲ∠ャ∠ヱ∠ぺ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ヘ⇒∠ミ ͡ヮ͡よ ∇ユ⊥わ∇ヤ͡シ∇ケ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨ͡よ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ
-∇レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヨ∠ボ∠わルゅ∠プ
∇ユ⊥ヰ
び ∠リΒ͡よあグ∠ム⊥ヨ∇ャや ⊥る∠ら͡ボ⇒∠ハ ∠ラゅ∠ミ ∠ブ∇Β∠ミ ∇ゲ⊥ヌルゅ∠プ
(21. Or have We given t hem any Book before t his (t he Qur'an) t o which t hey are holding fast ) (22. Nay! They say: "We found our fat hers following a cert ain way and religion, and we guide ourselves by t heir foot st eps.'') e(23. And similarly, We sent not a warner before you t o any t own (people) but t he luxurious ones among t hem said: "We found our fat hers following a cert ain way and religion, and we will indeed follow t heir foot st eps.'') (24. He said: "Even if I bring you bet t er guidance t han t hat which you found your fat hers following'' They said: "Verily, we disbelieve in t hat wit h which you have been sent .'') (25. So We t ook revenge on t hem, t hen see what was t he end of t hose who denied.)
The Idolators have no Proof
Allah condemns t he idolat ors for worshipping ot hers inst ead of Allah wit h no evidence or proof for doing so.
び͡ヮ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ リあョ ⇔ゅら⇒∠わ͡ミ ∇ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ュ∠ぺぴ
(Or have We given t hem any Book before t his) means, before t heir idolat ry.
͡よ ユ⊥ヰ∠プぴ
び∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ジ∇ヨ∠わ∇ジ⊥ョ ͡ヮ
(t o which t hey are holding fast ) means, wit h regard t o what t hey are doing. This is not t he case. This is like t he Ayah:
͡ヮ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ⊥ユｚヤ∠ム∠わ∠Α ∠ヲ⊥ヰ∠プ ⇔ゅレ⇒∠ト∇ヤ⊥シ ∇ユ͡ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ュ∠ぺぴ
び ∠ラヲ⊥ミ͡ゲ∇ゼ⊥Α
(Or have We revealed t o t hem an aut horit y (a Script ure), which speaks of t hat which t hey have been associat ing wit h Him) (30:35) meaning, t hat did not happen. Then Allah says:
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ゅｚル͡ま∠ヱ ∃るｚョ⊥ぺ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ゅ∠ル∠￢べ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ル∇ギ∠ィ∠ヱ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇モ∠よぴ
∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠わ∇ヰぁョ ユ͡ワ͡ゲ⇒∠をや∠￢
び
(Nay! They say: "we found our fat hers following a cert ain way and religion (Ummah), and we guide ourselves by t heir foot st eps.'') meaning, t hey have no grounds for t heir belief in idolat ry apart from t he fact t hat t hey are imit at ing t heir fat hers and forefat hers who were following a cert ain Ummah or way, i.e., religion. The word Ummah is used in a similar manner elsewhere, where Allah says:
び⇔り∠ギ͡ェや∠ヱ ⇔るｚョ⊥ぺ ∇ユ⊥ム⊥わｚョ⊥ぺ ͡ロ͡グ⇒∠ワ ｚラ͡まぴ
(And verily, t his your religion (Ummah) is one religion) (23:52), and t hey said;
びユ͡ワ͡ゲ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ゅｚル͡ま∠ヱぴ
(and we by t heir foot st eps) means, behind t hem
び∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠わ∇ヰぁョぴ
(We guide ourselves) This is t heir claim wit h no evidence. Then Allah point s out t hat what t hese people say was already said by t hose who were like t hem among t he nat ions of t he past who disbelieved in t he Messengers. Their heart s and t heir words are similar.
ｚΙ͡ま ∃メヲ⊥シｚケ リあョ ∇ユ͡ヰ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ リ͡ョ ∠リΑ͡グｚャや ヴ∠ゎ∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∠マ͡ャ∠グ∠ミぴ
∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イ∠ョ ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠シ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ
-∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユ⊥ワ ∇モ∠よ ͡ヮ͡よ ∇や∇ヲ∠タや∠ヲ∠ゎ∠ぺ
ヲ⊥ピ⇒∠デ
び ∠ラ
(Likewise, no Messenger came t o t hose before t hem but t hey said: "A sorcerer or a madman!'' Have t hey t ransmit t ed t his saying t o t hese Nay, t hey are t hemselves a people t ransgressing beyond bounds!) (51:52-53) And Allah says here:
∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∠マ͡ャ∠グ∠ミ∠ヱぴ
∃ゲΑ͡グｚル リあョ ∃る∠Α∇ゲ∠ホ ヴ͡プ ∠マ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケ
ゅｚル͡ま∠ヱ ∃るｚョ⊥ぺ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ゅ∠ル∠￢べ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ル∇ギ∠ィ∠ヱ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠ワヲ⊥プ∠ゲ∇わ⊥ョ ∠メゅ∠ホ ｚΙ͡ま
び ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠わ∇ボぁョ ユ͡ワ͡ゲ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
(And similarly, We sent not a warner before you t o any t own (people) but t he luxurious ones among t hem said: "We found our fat hers following a cert ain way and religion, and we will indeed follow t heir foot st eps.'') Then He says:
び∇モ⊥ホぴ
(Say) -- ` O Muhammad, t o t hese idolat ors --'
∠￢べ∠よや∠￢ ͡ヮ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∇ユぁゎギ∠ィ∠ヱ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ン∠ギ∇ワ∠ほ͡よ ∇ユ⊥ム⊥わ∇ゃ͡ィ ∇ヲ∠ャ∠ヱ∠ぺぴ
∇ユ⊥ミ
び∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ヘ⇒∠ミ ͡ヮ͡よ ∇ユ⊥わ∇ヤ͡シ∇ケ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨ͡よ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ
("Even if I bring you bet t er guidance t han t hat which you found your fat hers following'' They said: "Verily, we disbelieve in t hat wit h which you have been sent .'') ` Even if t hey were convinced of t he t rut h of what you have brought t o t hem, t hey will not follow it , because of t heir evil int ent ions and t heir arrogance t owards t he t rut h and it s people.'
び∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヨ∠ボ∠わルゅ∠プぴ
(So We t ook revenge on t hem) means, on t he disbelieving nat ions, by inflict ing various kinds of punishment s, as Allah has described in t he st ories of t hose nat ions.
び∠リΒ͡よあグ∠ム⊥ヨ∇ャや ⊥る∠ら͡ボ⇒∠ハ ∠ラゅ∠ミ ∠ブ∇Β∠ミ ∇ゲ⊥ヌルゅ∠プぴ
(t hen see what was t he end of t hose who denied) means, see what became of t hem, how t hey were dest royed and how Allah saved t he believers.
ゅｚヨあョ ∀￢へ∠ゲ∠よ ヴ͡レｚル͡ま ͡ヮ͡ョ∇ヲ∠ホ∠ヱ ͡ヮΒ͡よ６Ι ⊥ユΒ͡ワ∠ゲ∇よ͡ま ∠メゅ∠ホ ∇ク͡ま∠ヱぴ
∠ラヱ⊥ギ⊥ら∇バ∠ゎ
-͡リΑ͡ギ∇ヰ∠Β∠シ ⊥ヮｚル͡み∠プ ヴ͡ル∠ゲ∠ト∠プ ン͡グｚャや ｚΙ͡ま
-∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ィ∇ゲ∠Α ∇ユ⊥ヰｚヤ∠バ∠ャ ͡ヮ͡ら͡ボ∠ハ ヴ͡プ ⇔る∠Β͡ボ⇒∠よ ⇔る∠ヨ͡ヤ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰ∠ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱ
-∇モ∠よ
∠Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ⊥ろ∇バｚわ∠ョ
ぁペ∠エ∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥ワ∠￢べ∠ィ ヴｚわ∠ェ ∇ユ⊥ワ∠￢べ∠よや∠￢∠ヱ ͡￢
∀リΒ͡らぁョ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ
-や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ぁペ∠エ∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥ワ∠￢べ∠ィ ゅｚヨ∠ャ∠ヱ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ヘ⇒∠ミ ͡ヮ͡よ ゅｚル͡ま∠ヱ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ
-や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∠メあゴ⊥ル ∠Ι∇ヲ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ∠ヱ
∃ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ͡リ∇Β∠わ∠Α∇ゲ∠ボ∇ャや ∠リあョ ∃モ⊥ィ∠ケ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ⊥ラや∠￢∇ゲ⊥ボ∇ャや
-∇ユ⊥ワ∠ぺ
∠ケ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ジ∇ボ∠Α
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠わ∠ゼΒ͡バｚョ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠レ∇Β∠よ ゅ∠レ∇ヨ∠ジ∠ホ ⊥リ∇エ∠ル ∠マあよ∠ケ ∠る∠ヨ∇ェ
∃ヂ∇バ∠よ ∠ベ∇ヲ∠プ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ツ∇バ∠よ ゅ∠レ∇バ∠プ∠ケ∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルぁギャや ͡りヲ∠Β∠エ∇ャや ヴ͡プ
⊥る∠ヨ∇ェ∠ケ∠ヱ ⇔ゅ∂Α͡ゲ∇ガ⊥シ ⇔ゅツ∇バ∠よ ユ⊥ヰ⊥ツ∇バ∠よ ∠グ͡ガｚわ∠Βあャ ∃ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キ
∠ラヲ⊥バ∠ヨ∇イ∠Α ゅｚヨあョ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∠マあよ∠ケ
-⊥サゅｚレャや ∠ラヲ⊥ム∠Α ラ∠ぺ ∠Ι∇ヲ∠ャ∠ヱ
ｚョ⊥ぺ
∇ユ͡ヰ͡ゎヲ⊥Β⊥ら͡ャ ͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャゅ͡よ ⊥ゲ⊥ヘ∇ム∠Α リ∠ヨ͡ャ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠イｚャ ⇔り∠ギ͡ェ∠ヱ ⇔る
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ∠ヰ∇ヌ∠Α ゅ∠ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∠ァ͡ケゅ∠バ∠ョ∠ヱ ∃るｚツ͡プ リあョ ⇔ゅヘ⊥ボ⊥シ
-∠ラヲ⊥ゃ͡ムｚわ∠Α ゅ∠ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ⇔やケ⊥ゲ⊥シ∠ヱ ⇔ゅよ∠ヲ∇よ∠ぺ ∇ユ͡ヰ͡ゎヲ⊥Β⊥ら͡ャ∠ヱ
-⇔ゅプ⊥ゲ∇カ⊥コ∠ヱ
ゅ∠Β∇ルぁギャや ͡りヲ∠Β∠エ∇ャや ⊥ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ ゅｚヨ∠ャ ∠マ͡ャ∠ク ぁモ⊥ミ ラ͡ま∠ヱ
∠ギレ͡ハ ⊥り∠ゲ͡カｘΙや∠ヱ
び ∠リΒ͡ボｚわ⊥ヨ∇ヤ͡ャ ∠マあよ∠ケ
(26. And (remember) when Ibrahim said t o his fat her and his people: "Verily, I am innocent of what you worship,'') (27. "Except Him Who creat ed me; and verily, He will guide me.'') (28. And he made it a word last ing among his offspring, t hat t hey may t urn back.) (29. Nay, but I gave t o t hese and t heir fat hers t o enj oy, t ill t here came t o t hem t he t rut h, and a Messenger making t hings clear.) (30. And when t he t rut h came t o t hem, t hey said: "This is magic, and we disbelieve t herein.'') (31. And t hey say: "Why is not t his Qur'an sent down t o some great man of t he t wo t owns'') (32. Is it t hey who would port ion out t he mercy of your Lord It is We Who port ion out bet ween t hem t heir livelihood in t his world, and We raised some of t hem above ot hers in ranks, so t hat some may employ ot hers in t heir work. But t he mercy of your Lord is bet t er t han what t hey amass.) (33. And were it not t hat mankind would have become of one communit y, We would have provided for t hose who disbelieve in t he Most Gracious, silver roofs for t heir houses, and elevat ors whereby t hey ascend,) (34. And for t heir houses, doors, and t hrones on which t hey could recline,) (35. And adornment s of gold. Yet all t his would have been not hing but an enj oyment of t his world. And t he Hereaft er wit h your Lord is for t hose who have Taqwa.)
Ibrahim's Declaration of Tawhid Here
Allah t ells us about His servant , Messenger and close Friend, t he leader of t he monot heist s and t he fat her of all subsequent Prophet s, from whom Quraysh were descended and claimed t o have t aken t heir religion. He disowned his fat her's and his people's worship of idols and said:
ゅｚヨあョ ∀￢へ∠ゲ∠よ ヴ͡レｚル͡ま ͡ヮ͡ョ∇ヲ∠ホ∠ヱ ͡ヮΒ͡よ６Ι ⊥ユΒ͡ワ∠ゲ∇よ͡ま ∠メゅ∠ホ ∇ク͡ま∠ヱぴ
∠ラヱ⊥ギ⊥ら∇バ∠ゎ
-ゅ∠ヰ∠ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱ ͡リΑ͡ギ∇ヰ∠Β∠シ ⊥ヮｚル͡み∠プ ヴ͡ル∠ゲ∠ト∠プ ン͡グｚャや ｚΙ͡ま
び͡ヮ͡ら͡ボ∠ハ ヴ͡プ ⇔る∠Β͡ボ⇒∠よ ⇔る∠ヨ͡ヤ∠ミ
("Verily, I am innocent of what you worship, except Him Who creat ed me; and verily, He will guide me.'' And he made it a Word last ing among his offspring,) The Word means t he worship of Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e, and t he denunciat ion of all gods apart from Him, i.e., La ilaha illallah. He left t his word as an example t o be followed by t hose of his progeny who were guided by Allah.
び∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ィ∇ゲ∠Α ∇ユ⊥ヰｚヤ∠バ∠ャぴ
(t hat t hey may t urn back.) means, come back t o t his word. ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers comment ed on t he Ayah:
び͡ヮ͡ら͡ボ∠ハ ヴ͡プ ⇔る∠Β͡ボ⇒∠よ ⇔る∠ヨ͡ヤ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰ∠ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ
(And he made it a Word last ing among his offspring,) "This means, La ilaha illallah, and t here are st ill t hose among his offspring who say it .'' A similar view was narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Ibn Zayd said, "The word of Islam,'' which refers t o t he same t hing suggest ed by t he group.
How the People of Makkah turned away from the Messenger and
opposed Him, and His Response
Allah furt her says:
び͡￢∠Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ⊥ろ∇バｚわ∠ョ ∇モ∠よぴ
(Nay, but I gave t o t hese) means, t he idolat ors,
(and t heir fat hers) means, t hey lived a long life in t heir misguidance.
び∀リΒ͡らぁョ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ぁペ∠エ∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥ワ∠￢べ∠ィ ヴｚわ∠ェぴ
(t ill t here came t o t hem t he t rut h, and a Messenger making t hings clear.) means, his message is clear and his warning is clear.
͡ヮ͡よ ゅｚル͡ま∠ヱ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ぁペ∠エ∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥ワ∠￢べ∠ィ ゅｚヨ∠ャ∠ヱぴ
び ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ヘ⇒∠ミ
(And when t he t rut h came t o t hem, t hey said: "This is magic, and we disbelieve t herein.'') means, t hey were arrogant and st ubborn, and t hey pushed him away out of disbelief, envy and t ransgression.
び∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ∠ヱぴ
(And t hey say) means, obj ect ing t o t hat which Allah has revealed t o him,
∠リあョ ∃モ⊥ィ∠ケ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ⊥ラや∠￢∇ゲ⊥ボ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∠メあゴ⊥ル ∠Ι∇ヲ∠ャぴ
͡リ∇Β∠わ∠Α∇ゲ∠ボ∇ャや
び∃ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ
(Why is not t his Qur'an sent down t o some great man of t he t wo t owns) meaning, why was t his Qur'an not revealed t o some man who was great and prominent in t heir eyes, from t he t wo t owns, i.e., Makkah and At -Ta'if This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, ` Ikrimah, Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd. Several scholars of Tafsir st at ed t hat by t his, t he Quraysh meant Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah and ` Urwah bin Mas` ud At h-Thaqafi. The apparent meaning is t hat what t hey meant was a great man from eit her of t he t wo t owns. Allah responded t o t heir rej ect ion by saying:
び∠マあよ∠ケ ∠る∠ヨ∇ェ∠ケ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ジ∇ボ∠Α ∇ユ⊥ワ∠ぺぴ
(Is it t hey who would port ion out t he mercy of your Lord) meaning, t he mat t er has not hing t o do wit h t hem; it is for Allah t o decide. Allah knows best where t o direct His Message, and He does not reveal it except t o t he one who is t he purest in heart and soul, and of t he noblest descent . Then Allah point s out t hat He different iat es among His creat ion in t erms of what He gives t hem of wealt h, provision, int ellect , underst anding and ot her visible and hidden st rengt hs:
ぴ
びゅ∠Β∇ルぁギャや ͡りヲ∠Β∠エ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠わ∠ゼΒ͡バｚョ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠レ∇Β∠よ ゅ∠レ∇ヨ∠ジ∠ホ ⊥リ∇エ∠ル
び⇔ゅ∂Α͡ゲ∇ガ⊥シ ⇔ゅツ∇バ∠よ ユ⊥ヰ⊥ツ∇バ∠よ ∠グ͡ガｚわ∠Βあャぴ
(so t hat some may employ ot hers in t heir work.) It was said t hat t his means t hat some employ ot hers in t heir work, because one needs t he ot her, and vice versa. This was t he view of As-Suddi and ot hers.
び∠ラヲ⊥バ∠ヨ∇イ∠Α ゅｚヨあョ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∠マあよ∠ケ ⊥る∠ヨ∇ェ∠ケ∠ヱぴ
(But t he mercy of your Lord is bet t er t han which t hey amass.) means, t he mercy of Allah t owards His creat ion is bet t er for t hem t han t he wealt h and conveniences of t his world which t hey possess.
Wealth is not a Sign of Divine Pleasure
び⇔り∠ギ͡ェ∠ヱ ⇔るｚョ⊥ぺ ⊥サゅｚレャや ∠ラヲ⊥ム∠Α ラ∠ぺ ∠Ι∇ヲ∠ャ∠ヱぴ
(And were it not t hat mankind would have become of one communit y,) means, ` were it not for t he fact t hat many ignorant people would t hink t hat Our giving t hem wealt h was a sign t hat We love t he person t o whom We give it , and t hus t hey would have agreed upon disbelief for t he sake of wealt h.' This is t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers.
リあョ ⇔ゅヘ⊥ボ⊥シ ∇ユ͡ヰ͡ゎヲ⊥Β⊥ら͡ャ ͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャゅ͡よ ⊥ゲ⊥ヘ∇ム∠Α リ∠ヨ͡ャ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠イｚャぴ
び∠ァ͡ケゅ∠バ∠ョ∠ヱ ∃るｚツ͡プ
(We would have provided for t hose who disbelieve in t he Most Gracious, silver roofs for t heir houses, and elevat ors) means, ladders and st aircases of silver. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Ibn Zayd and ot hers.
び∠ラヱ⊥ゲ∠ヰ∇ヌ∠Α ゅ∠ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハぴ
(whereby t hey ascend,) means, go up. And t heir houses would have doors, i.e., locks on t heir doors,
び∠ラヲ⊥ゃ͡ムｚわ∠Α ゅ∠ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ⇔やケ⊥ゲ⊥シ∠ヱぴ
(and t hrones on which t hey could recline,) means, all of t hat would be made of silver.
(And adornment s) means, and gold. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd.
びゅ∠Β∇ルぁギャや ͡りヲ∠Β∠エ∇ャや ⊥ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ ゅｚヨ∠ャ ∠マ͡ャ∠ク ぁモ⊥ミ ラ͡ま∠ヱぴ
(Yet all t his would have been not hing but an enj oyment of t his world.) means, all t hat belongs t o t his t ransient world which is insignificant before Allah. He hast ens t heir reward for good deeds in t he form of luxuries in t his world, so t hat when t hey reach t he Hereaft er, t hey will have no good merit s wit h Allah for which t hey may be rewarded, as was report ed in t he Sahih Hadit h. It was report ed in anot her Hadit h:
»
ゅ∠ョ ∃る∠ッヲ⊥バ∠よ ∠ゥゅ∠レ∠ィ ͡ぶや ∠ギ∇レ͡ハ ⊥ラ͡ゴ∠ゎ ゅ∠Β∇ルぁギャや ｚラ∠ぺ ∇ヲ∠ャ
￢ゅ∠ョ ∠る∠よ∇ゲ∠セ や⇔ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰ∇レ͡ョ ヴ∠ボ∠シ
«
(If t his world were wort h a gnat 's wing before Allah, He would not give a disbeliever a drink of wat er.) Al-Baghawi narrat ed it s chain of narrat ion.
∠ヱぴ
び∠リΒ͡ボｚわ⊥ヨ∇ヤ͡ャ ∠マあよ∠ケ ∠ギレ͡ハ ⊥り∠ゲ͡カｘΙや
(And t he Hereaft er wit h your Lord is (only) for t hose who have Taqwa.) means, it is exclusively for t hem, and no one else will share it wit h t hem. When ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, may Allah be pleased wit h him, visit ed t he Messenger of Allah in seclusion, when he was keeping away from his wives, and he saw him rest ing on a rough mat which had left marks on his side, his eyes filled wit h t ears and he said, "O Messenger of Allah, look at t his Chosroes and t his Caesar wit h all t hat t hey have, and you are t he best of Allah's creat ion. '' The Messenger of Allah was reclining, but he sat up and said:
»
∨͡ゆゅｚト∠ガ∇ャや ∠リ∇よや ゅ∠Α ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ ∠マ∠セ ヶ͡プ ∠ヱ∠ぺ
«
(Are you in doubt , O son of Al-Khat t ab) Then he said:
»
⊥ユ͡ヰ͡ゎゅ∠Β∠ェ ヶ͡プ ∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ゎゅ∠ら⇒あΒ⇒∠デ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ∇ろ∠ヤあイ⊥ハ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∠マ͡ゃャヱ⊥ぺ
ゅ∠Β∇ルぁギャや
«
(Those are people for whom t he enj oyment s are hast ened in t his world.) According t o anot her report :
»
り∠ゲ͡カゅ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∠ャ∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルぁギャや ⊥ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ∠ラヲ⊥ム⇒⇒∠ゎ ∇ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ∠ぺ
«
(Does it not please you t hat t his world is for t hem and t he Hereaft er is for us) In as t he Two Sahihs and elsewhere, it is report ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:
»
やヲ⊥ヤ⊥ミ∇ほ∠ゎ ゅ∠ャ∠ヱ ∩͡るｚツ͡ヘ∇ャや∠ヱ ͡ょ∠ワｚグャや ͡る∠Β͡ルへ ヶ͡プ やヲ⊥よ∠ゲ∇ゼ∠ゎ ゅ∠ャ
ヶ͡プ ゅ∠レ∠ャ∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルぁギャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ゅ∠ヰｚル͡み∠プ ∩ゅ∠ヰ͡プゅ∠エ͡タ ヶ͡プ
り∠ゲ͡カゅ∇ャや
«
(Do not drink from vessels of gold and silver, and do not eat from plat es of t he same, for t hese t hings are for t hem in t his world and for us in t he Hereaft er.) Allah has grant ed t hese t hings t o t hem in t his world because it is insignificant , as was report ed by At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah via Abu Hazim from Sahl bin Sa` d, who said, "The Messenger of Allah said:
»
ゅ∠ョ ∃る∠ッヲ⊥バ∠よ ∠ゥゅ∠レ∠ィ ͡ぶや ∠ギ∇レ͡ハ ⊥ラ͡ゴ∠ゎ ゅ∠Β∇ルぁギャや ͡ろ∠ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲ∠ャ
や⇔ギ∠よ∠ぺ ∃￢ゅ∠ョ ∠る∠よ∇ゲ∠セ や⇔ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰ∇レ͡ョ ヴ∠ボ∠シ
«
n(If t his world were wort h a gnat 's wing before Allah, He would never give a disbeliever a drink of wat er.)'' At -Tirmidhi said: "Hasan Sahih.''
⇔ゅルゅ∠ト∇Β∠セ ⊥ヮ∠ャ ∇ヂあΒ∠ボ⊥ル ͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャや ͡ゲ∇ミ͡ク リ∠ハ ⊥ズ∇バ∠Α リ∠ョ∠ヱぴ
∀リΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ⊥ヮ∠ャ ∠ヲ⊥ヰ∠プ
-͡モΒ͡らｚジャや ͡リ∠ハ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ルヱぁギ⊥ダ∠Β∠ャ ∇ユ⊥ヰｚル͡ま∠ヱ
∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠わ∇ヰぁョ ユ⊥ヰｚル∠ぺ ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠ジ∇エ∠Α∠ヱ
-∠メゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ル∠￢べ∠ィ や∠ク͡ま ヴｚわ∠ェ
∇ゃ͡ら∠プ ͡リ∇Β∠ホ͡ゲ∇ゼ∠ヨ∇ャや ∠ギ∇バ⊥よ ∠マ∠レ∇Β∠よ∠ヱ ヶ͡レ∇Β∠よ ∠ろ∇Β∠ヤΑ
⊥リΑ͡ゲ∠ボ∇ャや ∠ザ
-͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユ⊥ムｚル∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥わ∇ヨ∠ヤｚニ ク͡ま ∠ュ∇ヲ∠Β∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥ム∠バ∠ヘレ∠Α リ∠ャ∠ヱ
∠ラヲ⊥ミ͡ゲ∠わ∇ゼ⊥ョ
-∠ヴ∇ヨ⊥バ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰ∠ゎ ∇ヱ∠ぺ ｚユぁダャや ⊥ノ͡ヨ∇ジ⊥ゎ ∠ろル∠ほ∠プ∠ぺ
∃リΒ͡らぁョ ∃モ⇒∠ヤ∠ッ ヴ͡プ ∠ラゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ∠ヱ
-ゅｚル͡み∠プ ∠マ͡よ ｚリ∠ら∠ワ∇グ∠ル ゅｚョ͡み∠プ
∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ボ∠わレぁョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レ͡ョ
-∠Α͡ゲ⊥ル ∇ヱ∠ぺ
ゅｚル͡み∠プ ∇ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ル∇ギ∠ハ∠ヱ ン͡グｚャや ∠マｚレ
∠ラヱ⊥ケ͡ギ∠わ∇ボぁョ ∇ユ͡ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
-∠マ∇Β∠ャ͡ま ∠ヴ͡ェヱ⊥ぺ ン͡グｚャゅ͡よ ∇マ͡ジ∇ヨ∠わ∇シゅ∠プ
∃ユΒ͡ボ∠わ∇ジぁョ ∃ヅ∠ゲ͡タ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ∠マｚル͡ま
-∠マｚャ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡グ∠ャ ⊥ヮｚル͡ま∠ヱ
∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ⊥ゎ ∠フ∇ヲ∠シ∠ヱ ∠マ͡ョ∇ヲ∠ボ͡ャ∠ヱ
-ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケ∠ぺ ∇リ∠ョ ∇モゃ∇シや∠ヱ
∠レ͡ヤ⊥シぁケ リ͡ョ ∠マ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ リ͡ョ
͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャや ͡ラヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ぺ べ
び ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠ら∇バ⊥Α ⇔る∠ヰ͡ャや∠￢
(36. And whosoever Ya` shu (t urns away blindly) from t he remembrance of t he Most Gracious, We appoint for him Shayt an t o be a Qarin (a companion) t o him.) (37. And verily, t hey hinder t hem from t he pat h, but t hey t hink t hat t hey are guided aright !) (38. Till, when (such a one) comes t o Us, he says, "Would t hat bet ween me and you were t he dist ance of t he t wo east s (or t he east and west ) a worst companion (indeed)!'') (39. It will profit you not t his Day as you did wrong, (and) t hat you will be sharers in t he punishment .) (40. Can you make t he deaf t o hear, or can you guide t he blind or him who is in manifest error) (41. And even if We t ake you away, We shall indeed t ake vengeance on t hem.) (42. Or (if) We show you t hat wherewit h We t hreat en t hem, t hen verily, We have perfect command over t hem.) (43. So hold you fast t o t hat which is revealed t o you. Verily, you are on t he st raight pat h.) (44. And verily, t his is indeed a Dhikr for you and your people, and you will be quest ioned.) (45. And ask whom We sent before you of Our Messengers: "Did We ever appoint gods t o be worshipped besides t he Most Gracious'')
The Shaytan is the Companion of the One Who turns away from
Ar-Rahman
び⊥ズ∇バ∠Α リ∠ョ∠ヱぴ
(And whosoever Ya` shu (t urns away blindly)) means, whoever willfully ignores and t urns away
び͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャや ͡ゲ∇ミ͡ク リ∠ハぴ
(from t he remembrance of t he Most Gracious,) Al-` Asha (t he root of Ya` sh) refers t o weakness of vision; what is meant here is weakness of insight .
び∀リΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ⊥ヮ∠ャ ∠ヲ⊥ヰ∠プ ⇔ゅルゅ∠ト∇Β∠セ ⊥ヮ∠ャ ∇ヂあΒ∠ボ⊥ルぴ
(We appoint for him Shayt an t o be a Qarin (a companion) t o him.) This is like t he Ayat :
びン∠ギ⊥ヰ∇ャや ⊥ヮ∠ャ ∠リｚΒ∠ら∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ͡ギ∇バ∠よ リ͡ョ ∠メヲ⊥シｚゲャや ͡ペ͡ホゅ∠ゼ⊥Α リ∠ョ∠ヱぴ
(And whoever cont radict s and opposes t he Messenger aft er t he right pat h has been shown clearly t o him) (4:115),
び∇ユ⊥ヰ∠よヲ⊥ヤ⊥ホ ⊥ヮｚヤャや ∠パや∠コ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ビや∠コ ゅｚヨ∠ヤ∠プぴ
(So when t hey t urned away, Allah t urned t heir heart s away) (61:5), and
∇やヲ⊥レｚΑ∠ゴ∠プ ∠￢べ∠ル∠ゲ⊥ホ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ゅ∠レ∇ツｚΒ∠ホ∠ヱぴ
∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇Α∠ぺ ∠リ∇Β∠よ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ
び∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ヘ∇ヤ∠カ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
(And We have assigned for t hem int imat e companions, who have made fair seeming t o t hem, what was before t hem and what was behind t hem) (41:25). Allah says here:
͡モΒ͡らｚジャや ͡リ∠ハ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ルヱぁギ⊥ダ∠Β∠ャ ∇ユ⊥ヰｚル͡ま∠ヱぴ
ユ⊥ヰｚル∠ぺ ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠ジ∇エ∠Α∠ヱ
びゅ∠ル∠￢べ∠ィ や∠ク͡ま ヴｚわ∠ェ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠わ∇ヰぁョ
(And verily, t hey hinder t hem from t he pat h, but t hey t hink t hat t hey are guided aright ! Unt il, when he comes t o Us,) meaning, for t his person who willfully neglect s t rue guidance, We send t o him a Shayt an t o lead him ast ray and show him t he pat h t o Hell. When he comes before Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will complain about t he Shayt an who was appoint ed t o accompany him.
∠ザ∇ゃ͡ら∠プ ͡リ∇Β∠ホ͡ゲ∇ゼ∠ヨ∇ャや ∠ギ∇バ⊥よ ∠マ∠レ∇Β∠よ∠ヱ ヶ͡レ∇Β∠よ ∠ろ∇Β∠ヤΑ ∠メゅ∠ホぴ
や
び⊥リΑ͡ゲ∠ボ∇ャ
(he says, "Would t hat bet ween me and you were t he dist ance of t he t wo east s -- a worst companion (indeed)!'') Some of t hem recit ed it ; (ヴ∇わ∠ェ や∠ク͡ま ゅ∠ルや∠￢ゅ∠ィ) (Till, when they both come to Us.) referring t o t he companion Shayt an and t he one whom he accompanies. Then Allah says:
͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユ⊥ムｚル∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥わ∇ヨ∠ヤｚニ ク͡ま ∠ュ∇ヲ∠Β∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥ム∠バ∠ヘレ∠Α リ∠ャ∠ヱぴ
び ∠ラヲ⊥ミ͡ゲ∠わ∇ゼ⊥ョ
(It will profit you not t his Day as you did wrong, (and) t hat you will be sharers in t he punishment .) means, ` your being t oget her in t he Fire will not help you in t he slight est , and you will bot h part ake of t he painful punishment .' Allah says:
∠ラゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ∠ヱ ∠ヴ∇ヨ⊥バ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰ∠ゎ ∇ヱ∠ぺ ｚユぁダャや ⊥ノ͡ヨ∇ジ⊥ゎ ∠ろル∠ほ∠プ∠ぺぴ
び ∃リΒ͡らぁョ ∃モ⇒∠ヤ∠ッ ヴ͡プ
Can you make t he deaf t o hear, or can you guide t he blind or him who is in manifest error∨ means, ` t hat is not up t o you. All you have t o do is convey t he Message, but you do not have t o guide t hem. Allah guides whomsoever He wills and sends ast ray whomsoever He wills, and He is Wise and Just in doing so.'
Allah's Vengeance upon the Enemies of His Messenger will surely
come to pass
Allah furt her says:
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ボ∠わレぁョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レ͡ョ ゅｚル͡み∠プ ∠マ͡よ ｚリ∠ら∠ワ∇グ∠ル ゅｚョ͡み∠プぴ
(And even if We t ake you away, We shall indeed t ake vengeance on t hem.) means, ` We will inevit ably wreak vengeance upon t hem and punish t hem, even if you pass away.'
び ∠ラヱ⊥ケ͡ギ∠わ∇ボぁョ ∇ユ͡ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ゅｚル͡み∠プ ∇ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ル∇ギ∠ハ∠ヱ ン͡グｚャや ∠マｚレ∠Α͡ゲ⊥ル ∇ヱ∠ぺぴ
(Or (if) We show you t hat wherewit h We t hreat en t hem, t hen verily, We have perfect command over t hem.) means, ` We are able t o do bot h,' but Allah will not t ake His Messenger (in deat h) unt il He gives him t he j oy of seeing his enemies brought low and gives him power and aut horit y over t hem and t heir wealt h. This was t he view of As-Suddi and was t he opinion favored by Ibn Jarir.
Encouragement to adhere to the Qur'an
Allah t hen says;
∃ヅ∠ゲ͡タ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ∠マｚル͡ま ∠マ∇Β∠ャ͡ま ∠ヴ͡ェヱ⊥ぺ ン͡グｚャゅ͡よ ∇マ͡ジ∇ヨ∠わ∇シゅ∠プぴ
び ∃ユΒ͡ボ∠わ∇ジぁョ
(So hold you fast t o t hat which is revealed t o you. Verily, you are on t he st raight pat h.) means, hold fast t o t he Qur'an which has been sent down t o your heart , for it is t rut h and what it leads t o is t rut h t hat shows t he way t o t he st raight pat h t hat leads t o Gardens of Delight and et ernal, everlast ing goodness.
び∠マ͡ョ∇ヲ∠ボ͡ャ∠ヱ ∠マｚャ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡グ∠ャ ⊥ヮｚル͡ま∠ヱぴ
(And verily, t his is a Dhikr for you and your people,) It was said t hat t his means, ` it is an honor for you and your people;' t his was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Muj ahid, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd. This means t hat it is an honor for t hem in t hat it was revealed in t heir language, so t hey are t he people who have t he best underst anding of it among mankind and hence are obliged t o be t he most st eadfast in adhering t o it s commandment s. This
is how t he best of t hem were, t he first immigrant s and t hose who emulat ed t hem and followed t hem. It was also said t hat t he meaning of t he phrase;
び∠マ͡ョ∇ヲ∠ボ͡ャ∠ヱ ∠マｚャ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡グ∠ャ ⊥ヮｚル͡ま∠ヱぴ
(And verily, t his is indeed a Dhikr for you and your people,) was t hat ` it was sent t o remind you and your people.' The fact t hat t hey are singled out does not exclude ot hers. This is like t he Ayat :
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ͡ボ∇バ∠ゎ ∠Κ∠プ∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ミ⊥ゲ∇ミ͡ク ͡ヮΒ͡プ ⇔ゅら⇒∠わ͡ミ ∇ユ⊥ム∇Β∠ャ͡ま べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ギ∠ボ∠ャぴ
(Indeed, We have sent down for you (O mankind) a Book in which t here is Dhikrukum (your Reminder). Will you not t hen underst and) (21:10)
∠ゎ∠ゲΒ͡ゼ∠ハ ∇ケ͡グル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ
び ∠リΒ͡よ∠ゲ∇ホｘΙや ∠マ
(And warn your t ribe of near kindred) (26:214)
び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ⊥ゎ ∠フ∇ヲ∠シ∠ヱぴ
(and you will be quest ioned.) means, ` about t his Qur'an, and how you act ed upon it and what your response t o it was.'
リ͡ョ ∠マ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケ∠ぺ ∇リ∠ョ ∇モゃ∇シや∠ヱぴ
ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ぺ べ∠レ͡ヤ⊥シぁケ
び ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠ら∇バ⊥Α ⇔る∠ヰ͡ャや∠￢ ͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャや ͡ラヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ
(And ask whom We sent before you of Our Messengers: "Did We ever appoint gods t o be worshipped besides t he Most Gracious'') means, ` all t he Messengers called t heir people t o t he same as t hat t o which you are calling mankind, namely t he worship of Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e, and t hey forbade t he worship of idols and false gods.' This is like t he Ayah:
∠ヮｚヤャや ∇やヱ⊥ギ⊥ら∇ハや ͡ラ∠ぺ ⇔Ιヲ⊥シｚケ ∃るｚョ⊥ぺ あモ⊥ミ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ん∠バ∠よ ∇ギ∠ボ∠ャ∠ヱぴ
び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ら͡レ∠わ∇ィや∠ヱ
(And verily, We have sent among every Ummah (nat ion) a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah, and avoid all false deit ies.'') (16:36) Muj ahid said t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud recit ed it : (͡メ∠ほ∇シや∠ヱ ∠リΑ͡グｚャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケ∠ぺ ∇Β∠ャ͡ま∇ユ͡ヰ ∠マ∠ヤ∇ら∠ホ (∇リ͡ョ) ゅ∠レ͡ヤ⊥シ⊥ケ) (And ask those whom We sent before you of Our Messengers.) This was narrat ed by Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi from Ibn Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Yet t his appears t o be an explanat ion rat her t han an alt ernat e version of recit at ion. And Allah knows best .
͡ヮ∇Α６Κ∠ョ∠ヱ ∠ラ∇ヲ∠ハ∇ゲ͡プ ヴ∠ャ͡ま べ∠レ͡わ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒͡よ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケ∠ぺ ∇ギ∠ボ∠ャ∠ヱぴ
∠リΒ͡ヨ∠ヤ⇒∠バ∇ャや あゆ∠ケ ⊥メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ヴあル͡ま ∠メゅ∠ボ∠プ
-ユ⊥ワ∠￢べ∠ィ ゅｚヨ∠ヤ∠プ
∠ラヲ⊥ム∠エ∇ツ∠Α ゅ∠ヰ∇レあョ ユ⊥ワ や∠ク͡ま べ∠レ͡わ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒͡よ
-∇リあョ ユ͡ヰ͡Α͡ゲ⊥ル ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∃る∠Αや∠￢
͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ル∇グ∠カ∠ぺ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇カ⊥ぺ ∇リ͡ョ ⊥ゲ∠ら∇ミ∠ぺ ∠ヴ͡ワ ｚΙ͡ま
∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ィ∇ゲ∠Α ∇ユ⊥ヰｚヤ∠バ∠ャ
-ゅ∠レ∠ャ ⊥ネ∇キや ⊥ゲ͡ェゅｚジャや ∠ヮぁΑ∠ほΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ∠ヱ
∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠わ∇ヰ⊥ヨ∠ャ ゅ∠レｚル͡ま ∠ポ∠ギレ͡ハ ∠ギ͡ヰ∠ハ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∠マｚよ∠ケ
-ゅ∠レ∇ヘ∠ゼ∠ミ ゅｚヨ∠ヤ∠プ
び ∠ラヲ⊥ん⊥ムレ∠Α ∇ユ⊥ワ や∠ク͡ま ∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥ヰ∇レ∠ハ
(46. And indeed We did send Musa wit h Our Ayat t o Fir` awn and his chiefs. He said: "Verily, I am a Messenger of t he Lord of all t hat exist s.'') (47. But when he came t o t hem wit h Our Ayat , behold, t hey laughed at t hem). (48. And not an Ayah We showed t hem but it was great er t han it s fellow preceding it , and We seized t hem wit h t orment , in order t hat t hey might t urn.) (49. And t hey said (t o Musa): "O you sorcerer! Invoke your Lord for us according t o what He has made a pact wit h you. Verily, We shall guide ourselves.'') (50. But when We removed t he t orment from t hem, behold, t hey broke t heir covenant .)
Musa was sent with the Message of Tawhid to Fir` awn and His
Chiefs
Here Allah t ells us about His servant and Messenger Musa, peace be upon him, and how He sent him t o Fir` awn and his chiefs. That is, his governors, minist ers, leaders and followers among t he Egypt ians and t he Children of Israel. Allah sent him t o call t hem t o worship Allah alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, and t o forbid t hem from worshipping anyt hing ot her t han Him. He sent him wit h might y signs, such as his hand and his st aff, ot her signs such as t he flood, locust s, Qummal, frogs and blood, and t he loss of t heir crops and lives. Yet despit e all t hat t hey remained arrogant and st ubbornly refused t o follow him; t hey rej ect ed his message and made fun of it , and laughed at t he one who had brought it .
びゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇カ⊥ぺ ∇リ͡ョ ⊥ゲ∠ら∇ミ∠ぺ ∠ヴ͡ワ ｚΙ͡ま ∃る∠Αや∠￢ ∇リあョ ユ͡ヰ͡Α͡ゲ⊥ル ゅ∠ョ∠ヱぴ
(And not an Ayah We showed t hem but it was great er t han it s fellow preceding it ,) but despit e t hat t hey would not give up t heir sin, misguidance, ignorance and confusion. Every t ime one of t hese signs came t o t hem, t hey would go and implore Musa, saying,
("O you sorcerer!...'') meaning, expert or knowledgeable one -- t his was t he view of Ibn Jarir. The scholars of t hat t ime were t he sorcerers or magicians, and magic was not regarded as somet hing reprehensible by t hem at t hat t ime, so t his was not a slight on t heir part . They were in a st at e of need, so it would not have been appropriat e for t hem t o insult him. This was a way of honoring him, as t hey t hought . On each occasion, t hey promised Musa t hat if t he t orment was lift ed from t hem, t hey would believe in him and let t he Children of Israel go wit h him, but on each occasion t hey went back on t heir word. This is like t he Ayat :
∠モｚヨ⊥ボ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠キや∠ゲ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠ラゅ∠プヲぁトャや ⊥ユ͡ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケ∠ほ∠プぴ
∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ら∇ム∠わ∇シゅ∠プ ∃れ∠Κｚダ∠ヘ∂ョ ∃ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∠ュｚギャや∠ヱ ∠ネ͡キゅ∠ヘｚツャや∠ヱ
∠リΒ͡ョ͡ゲ∇イぁョ ⇔ゅョ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ∠ヱ
-⊥ゴ∇ィあゲャや ⊥ユ͡ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∠ノ∠ホ∠ヱ ゅｚヨ∠ャ∠ヱ
∠ポ∠ギレ͡ハ ∠ギ͡ヰ∠ハ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∠マｚよ∠ケ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ⊥ネ∇キや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ
リ͡ゃ∠ャ
∠マ∠バ∠ョ ｚリ∠ヤ͡シ∇ゲ⊥レ∠ャ∠ヱ ∠マ∠ャ ｚリ∠レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥レ∠ャ ∠ゴ∇ィあゲャや ゅｚレ∠ハ ∠ろ∇ヘ∠ゼ∠ミ
∠モΑ͡￢∠ゲ∇シ͡ま ヴ͡レ∠よ
-∃モ∠ィ∠ぺ ヴ∠ャ͡ま ∠ゴ∇ィあゲャや ⊥ユ⊥ヰ∇レ∠ハ ゅ∠レ∇ヘ∠ゼ∠ミ ゅｚヨ∠ヤ∠プ
び ∠ラヲ⊥ん⊥ムレ∠Α ∇ユ⊥ワ や∠ク͡ま ⊥ロヲ⊥ピ͡ヤ⇒∠よ ユ⊥ワ
(So We sent on t hem: t he flood, t he locust s, t he Qummal, t he frogs, and t he blood; manifest signs, yet t hey remained arrogant , and t hey were of t hose people who were criminals. And when t he punishment st ruck t hem, t hey said: "O Musa! Invoke your Lord for us because of His promise t o you. If you remove t he punishment from us, we indeed shall believe in you, and we shall let t he Children of Israel go wit h you.'' But when We removed t he punishment from t hem t o a fixed t erm, which t hey had t o reach, behold! t hey broke t heir word!) (7:133-135)
