建物部材単位の耐火性向上や防災水利整備といった歴史的都市に適用可能な延焼火災対策とその評価支援システム (木造文化都市の災害脆弱性と防災)

ᱧผㇺᏒ㒐ἴ⺰ᢥ㓸 Vol. 4㧔2010ᐕ7᦬㧕

ᑪ‛ㇱ᧚න૏ߩ⠴Ἣᕈะ਄߿㒐ἴ᳓೑ᢛ஻ߣ޿ߞߚ

ᱧผ⊛ㇺᏒߦㆡ↪น⢻ߥᑧ὾Ἣἴኻ╷ߣߘߩ⹏ଔᡰេࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ

Evaluation Support System of Fire Safety Measures by Altering Building Members and

Implementing Fire-fighting Water Supply System for Preservation of Historical Urban Area

ᮮጊ᣹ᐔ

_{࡮ᮘᧄ࿻૓}

_{࡮↰ਛີ⟵}

Shohei YOKOYAMA, Keisuke HIMOTO, and Takeyoshi TANAKA

OYO Corporation

2_{੩ㇺᄢቇ ᰴ਎ઍ㐿ᜏ⎇ⓥ࡙࠾࠶࠻㧔ޥ611-0011 ੩ㇺᐭቝᴦᏒ੖ࡩᐣ㧕}

Pioneering Research Unit for Next Generation, Kyoto University

3_{੩ㇺᄢቇ 㒐ἴ⎇ⓥᚲ㧔ޥ611-0011 ੩ㇺᐭቝᴦᏒ੖ࡩᐣ㧕}

Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University

To preserve the spectacle and to build disaster resilient city in the traditional city like Kyoto, a fireproof improvement of each building members and the disaster prevention water supply maintenance are thought as the main measures. The technique for quantitatively evaluating the effect of measures is necessary to execute these measures appropriately. In this study, the system that the modification of the building members and the extinction ability of the firefighting equipment are quantitatively evaluated was constructed.

Key Words : historical urban area, support system of risk assessment, evaluation of fire prevention measures

㧝㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ ࠊ߇࿖ߦߪଐὼߣߒߡᄙߊߩኒ㓸Ꮢⴝ࿾߇ሽ࿷ߒޔ࿾㔡Ἣἴߩࠃ߁ߥᐢၞἴኂߦኻߔࠆ⣀ᒙᕈࠍᛴ߃ߚ࿾ ၞ߇ᐢߊᱷߞߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ࿾ၞߦኻߒߡޔౣ㐿⊒ߦࠃࠆࠝ࡯ࡊࡦࠬࡍ࡯ࠬߩ⏕଻߿ਥⷐ㆏〝ᴪ޿ߩᑪ ‛ߩਇΆൻߥߤߩࠃ߁ߥޔㇺᏒ᭴ㅧߩᡷᄌߦࠃࠆኻ╷߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚޕ ৻ᣇޔ੩ㇺߩࠃ߁ߦᧁㅧߩવ⛔⊛ᑪ▽‛ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆኒ㓸Ꮢⴝ࿾ߦኻߒߡޔ਄⸥ߩࠃ߁ߥኻ╷ࠍᣉߔߎߣ ߪޔવ⛔⊛ߥⴝਗࠍᄬ߁ߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆޕᱧผ⊛ߥ᥊ⷰߦ㈩ᘦߒߥ߇ࠄἴኂߦᒝ޿߹ߜߠߊࠅࠍታ〣ߔࠆߚ ߼ߦߪޔㇺᏒ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩኻ╷ߣߪ೎ߦޔㇱ᧚න૏ߩᡷୃ࡮⵬ᒝߥߤߩኻ╷߿ޔ㒐ἴ᳓೑ߩᢛ஻ޔ࿾ၞߢߩᶖ㒐 ᵴേᒝൻߩข⚵ߺ߇ᰳ߆ߖߥ޿ޕ࿾ၞ૑᳃ߦࠃࠆ⥄ഥ߿౒ഥ࡮੕ഥߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ߽ޔߎࠇࠄ㒐ἴኻ╷ߩ⹏ଔࠍ ⴕ߁ߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߣ⠨߃ࠆޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᱧผ⊛ㇺᏒߩᏒⴝ࿾Ἣἴߦኻߒߡޔᑧ὾േᘒ੍᷹ߦၮߠ޿ߡޔⵍኂࠍᦨዊ㒢ߦ㘩޿ᱛ߼ࠆᣇ╷ ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ㓙ߦ߅޿ߡޔⴝ඙࡮ࡔ࠶ࠪࡘ࡮ᑪ‛᫟න૏ߢᑧ὾േᘒࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆᚻᴺߢߪޔ਄ㅀߩࠃ߁ߥኻ╷ߩ ലᨐࠍቯ㊂⊛ߦ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿ޕߔߥࠊߜޔᱧผ⊛ㇺᏒߩᏒⴝ࿾Ἣἴኻ╷ߦᔕߓߚㇱ᧚න૏ߩ㒐Ἣ ᕈ⢻⹏ଔߦၮߠ޿ߡޔᏒⴝ࿾ߩᑧ὾ෂ㒾ᕈࠍቯ㊂⊛ߦ⹏ଔߔࠆᚻᴺ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆޕ ട߃ߡޔ࿾ၞߩᶖἫ⢻ജࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ႐วߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔᶖ㒐᳓೑߿᡼᳓⸳஻ߩ૏⟎߿᳓㊂࡮᡼᳓⢻ജ߅ࠃ߮ 㘃὾⁁ᴫࠍ㐓ߺߡޔᤨ♽೉ߦᄌൻߔࠆᶖἫᵴേ▸࿐ࠍ⹏ଔߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߢߥߌࠇ߫ޔ᥊ⷰ߳ߩᓇ㗀ࠍᦨዊ㒢ߦ ᛥ߃ߚᔅⷐචಽ߆ߟ⡼ℂ⚦߿߆ߥ㒐ἴ᳓೑ᢛ஻ߩᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ޕ ߎࠇ߹ߢ╩⠪ࠄߪޔ‛ℂ⊛⍮⷗ߦၮߠߊᏒⴝ࿾Ἣἴᑧ὾ᕈ⁁੍᷹ࡕ࠺࡞1)_{㧔એਅޔᧄᑧ὾੍᷹ࡕ࠺࡞ߣߔ}

ࠆޕ㧕ࠍ᭴▽ߒޔߎࠇࠍGISߣ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆߎߣߢޔⷞⷡ⊛ߥᠲ૞ߦࠃࠅᑧ὾േᘒࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣߩߢ߈ࠆ ⹏ଔᡰេࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧔એਅޔᣢᓔࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣߔࠆޕ㧕ߩ㐿⊒ࠍㅴ߼ߡ߈ߚ2)ޕߐࠄߦޔ᡼᳓ߦࠃࠆἫἴᛥ೙ല ᨐࠍቯ㊂⊛ߦ⹏ଔߔࠆᶖἫᵴേࡕ࠺࡞㧔એਅޔᧄᶖἫᵴേࡕ࠺࡞ߣߔࠆޕ㧕ߩᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߚ3)ޕ ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪޔߎߩᣢᓔߩ⹏ଔᡰេࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᡷ⦟ࠍⴕ޿ޔᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ߩਇΆ࡮㔍Άൻߦࠃࠆᑧ὾ኻ╷ߩലᨐ ߣޔᶖ㒐᳓೑ߣ᡼᳓⸳஻ߩㆡᱜ㈩⟎߿ᶖἫ⢻ജะ਄߇ᑧ὾ᛥᱛߦ߽ߚࠄߔലᨐߦߟ޿ߡߩ⹏ଔࠍน⢻ߣߔࠆ GISࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡈࠚ࡯ࠬࠍ૞ᚑߒޔ⹏ଔᡰេࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᡷༀࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚޕ 㧞㧚ᣢᓔߩ⹏ଔᡰេࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ․ᓽ ᑧ὾੍᷹ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ․ᓽ ᣢᓔࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢណ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆᑧ὾੍᷹ࡕ࠺࡞ߪޔἫἴ⃻⽎ߩ‛ℂ⊛⍮⷗ߦၮߠ߈ቯᑼൻߐࠇߚᑧ὾੍᷹ࡕ ࠺࡞ߢ޽ࠆ1)ޕᧄᑧ὾੍᷹ࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪޔㇺᏒἫἴࠍⶄᢙߩᑪ‛Ἣἴߩ㓸วߣᝒ߃ޔઁߩᑪ‛Ἣἴߩᓇ㗀ਅߦ ߅ߌࠆ୘ޘߩᑪ‛ἫἴߩΆ὾ᕈ⁁ࠍ੍᷹ߔࠆߎߣߢޔᏒⴝ࿾ో૕ߩἫἴᕈ⁁੍᷹ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆޕౕ૕⊛ߦߪޔ a) Ἣἴᑪ‛߆ࠄߩユ኿ᾲવ㆐ޔb) Ἣἴᑪ‛ߩ㘑ਅ஥ߦᒻᚑߐࠇࠆᾲ᳇ᵹߦࠃࠆኻᵹᾲવ㆐ޔc) Ꮢⴝ࿾㘑ߦࠃ ߞߡ㘧ᢔߔࠆἫߩ☳ࠍޔᑪ‛㑆ߩἫἴ᜛ᄢⷐ࿃ߣߒߡ⠨ᘦߒޔᑧ὾േᘒࠍౣ⃻ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩᑧ὾੍᷹ࡕ࠺ ࡞߇ߤߩ⒟ᐲߩ੍᷹♖ᐲࠍᜂ଻ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔᣢႎߦ߅޿ߡᬌ⸽ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆޕ4) 5) ᶖἫᵴേࡕ࠺࡞ߩ․ᓽ ᧄᶖἫᵴേࡕ࠺࡞ߪޔ᡼᳓ߦࠃࠆἫἴᛥ೙ലᨐࠍޔa)᳓ಽ⫳⊒ߦ઻߁඙↹ౝࠟࠬߩ಄ළലᨐޔb)᳓⫳᳇ߩ ⊒↢ߦ઻߁඙↹ౝࠟࠬߩᏗ㉼ലᨐޔc)นΆ‛⴫㕙ߩḨẢߦࠃࠆᾲಽ⸃ᛥ೙ലᨐߩ3ߟߩലᨐߦಽߌߡࡕ࠺࡞ ൻࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆޕߐࠄߦޔᶖἫ⸳஻ߦߪᶖ㒐᳓೑ߣ᡼᳓⸳஻ߩ2඙ಽࠍ⸳ߌޔߘࠇߙࠇߦߟ޿ߡޔ⾂᳓㊂߿ ᡼᳓⢻ജߩ⸳ቯ୯ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡޔᶖἫᵴേ⢻ജߩ⹏ଔࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆޕട߃ߡޔᶖἫᵴേ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆ೨ឭ᧦ઙߣ ߒߡޔᶖ㒐᳓೑ߣ᡼᳓⸳஻ߩਔ⠪߇ឥ߁ߎߣߣߒޔᶖἫᵴേߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆᑪ‛ߪޔa)ᶖ㒐᳓೑߆ࠄᶖ㒐↪ࡎ ࡯ࠬ߇ᑧ㐳น⢻ߥ▸࿐ౝߦ޽ࠆߎߣޔb)ᶖ㒐ᵴേߦᓥ੐ߔࠆ⠪ߩ቟ోߩߚ߼Ά὾㗔ၞౝߦቅ┙ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߎ ߣޔc)หߓߊ๟࿐᷷ᐲ਄᣹߇৻ቯ୯એਅߢ޽ࠆߎߣߣ޿ߞߚ᧦ઙࠍḩߚߔ߽ߩߦ㒢ቯߔࠆߎߣߢޔታ㓙ߩᶖ Ἣᵴേ㐿ᆎᤨೞ߿ᶖἫᵴേน⢻㗔ၞߩౣ⃻ߦദ߼ߡ޿ࠆ3)_ޕ ᣢᓔࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ․ᓽ ᣢᓔࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢߪޔGISࠍᠲ૞ߩࡊ࡜࠶࠻ࡈࠜ࡯ࡓߣߒߡណ↪ߒޔGIS਄߆ࠄᑧ὾੍᷹ࡕ࠺࡞ߦ߆߆ࠆ౉ ಴ജ࠺࡯࠲ߩ▤ℂࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߩߢ߈ࠆ઀⚵ߺࠍ᭴▽ߒߚ2)ޕ਄ㅀߩࠃ߁ߦ‛ℂ⊛⍮⷗ߦၮߠ޿ߡᑧ὾േᘒࠍ ੍᷹ߔࠆᧄᑧ὾੍᷹ࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪޔ౉ജ࠺࡯࠲ߣߒߡޔa) ᑪ‛ో૕ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠺࡯࠲㧔ฦᑪ‛ߩᑪ‛⒳೎߿㓏㜞ޔ ᑪ‛ߩోࡁ࡯࠼㧔㓈ⷺㇱ㧕ߩᐳᮡߥߤ㧕ޔb) ᭴ㅧㇱ᧚ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠺࡯࠲㧔ო㕙ߩㇱ᧚⒳೎ޔო㕙ߩ᭴ᚑࡁ࡯࠼ ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߥߤ㧕ޔc) 㐿ญㇱ᧚ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠺࡯࠲߿ d) ユ኿ᾲ▚ቯߦ↪޿ࠆଥᢙ࠺࡯࠲ޔe) ო࡮㐿ญㇱ᧚ߩ ᾲ‛ᕈ࠺࡯࠲ߥߤޔ⒳ޘߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆ߇ޔᣢᓔࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍᵴ↪ߔࠆߎߣߢޔⷞⷡ⊛߆ߟኈᤃߦߎࠇ ࠄߩ࠺࡯࠲૞ᚑࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ2)ޕߎߩᣢᓔࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔᑪ‛ᖱႎߦၮߠ޿ߚᏒⴝ ࿾ߩᑧ὾ෂ㒾ᐲߩ⃻⁁⹏ଔࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ 㧟㧚ᑧ὾Ἣἴኻ╷ߩౝኈߣߘߩ⹏ଔᣇᴺ  ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪޔᣢᓔࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩGISࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡈࠚ࡯ࠬࠍᡷༀߒޔᶖἫ⸳஻ߩㆡᱜ㈩⟎ߩᬌ⸛߅ࠃ߮ޔᑪ‛ㇱ ᧚ߩᄌᦝߦࠃࠆᑧ὾ᛥᱛലᨐߩᬌ⸽ࠍᡰេߔࠆGISࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡈࠚ࡯ࠬࠍㅊടߒߚޕᣢᓔߩᑧ὾੍᷹ࡕ࠺࡞߅ ࠃ߮ᶖἫᵴേࡕ࠺࡞ߢ߽ޔᶖἫ⸳஻ߩㆡᱜ㈩⟎ߩᬌ⸛߿ᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ߩᄌᦝࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߪޔ౉ജ࠺࡯࠲ࠍᦠ߈឵ ߃ࠆߎߣߢኻᔕߢ߈ޔᣢႎ6)ߦ߅޿ߡࡕ࠺࡞࿾඙ߢߩᬌ⸽ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔߎࠇࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦߪޔࡕ ࠺࡞ߩ⸳⸘ᕁᗐ߿࠺࡯࠲᭴ᚑߥߤޔ⋧ᔕߩ⍮⼂ࠍⷐߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔᠲ૞ᚻ⛯߈ߩᡷༀ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ߞߚޕ ᠲ૞ో૕ߩᵹࠇߪޔ࿑1ߦ␜ߔߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆޕᣢᓔࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡈࠚ࡯ࠬࠍ↪޿ߡ૞ᚑߒߚ⸃ᨆ↪ ౉ജ࠺࡯࠲ߦኻߒߡޔᧄ⎇ⓥߢ㐿⊒ߒߚᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ᄌᦝࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡈࠚ࡯ࠬ߿ᶖἫ⸳஻㈩⟎ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡈࠚ࡯ࠬࠍ ↪޿ߡޔᢙ୯ᡷᄌ߿ᖱႎ㗄⋡ߩㅊടࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߢޔᣂߚߥ౉ജ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ૞ᚑߒޔ⸃ᨆ⚿ᨐࠍᲧセߔࠆߎߣߢޔ ᑧ὾േᘒߩ⋧㆑ࠍⷞⷡ⊛ߦᝒ߃ࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

એਅߦޔᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ߩᄌᦝߣᶖἫ⸳஻ߩᢛ஻ޔਔ⠪ߩ㒐ἴኻ╷ࠍGISߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ਄ߢ⴫⃻ߔࠆᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡ ⺑᣿ߔࠆޕ ࿑1 ᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ߩᄌᦝ߅ࠃ߮ᶖἫ⸳஻ߩ㈩⟎ߩߚ߼ߩᠲ૞ో૕ࡈࡠ࡯ ᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ߩᄌᦝ ᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ߩᄌᦝߦߟ޿ߡߪޔࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ਄ߢ▤ℂࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ⸃ᨆߦ↪޿ࠆ౉ജ࠺࡯࠲ߩਛ߆ࠄޔ㒐ἴኻ╷ ߦᔕߓߚᒰ⹥▎ᚲ㧔⵬ᒝ࡮ᡷୃࠍⴕ޿ߚ޿ო߿ደᩮ࡮ᐥ㧕ߩዻᕈ୯ࠍᦠ߈឵߃ࠆߎߣߢޔߘߩኻ╷ౝኈࠍ⴫ ⃻ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕߔߥࠊߜޔ⸃ᨆߦ↪޿ࠆ౉ജ࠺࡯࠲ߩ1) ᑪ‛ో૕ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠺࡯࠲㗄⋡ߩ߁ߜޔᑪ‛⒳ ೎ߩᖱႎࠍ᛽಴ߒޔߎࠇߩᄌᦝࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߪޔᑪ‛᫟ߩᑪᦧ߃ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆޕߐࠄߦޔ2) ᭴ㅧㇱ᧚ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠺ ࡯࠲㗄⋡ߩ߁ߜޔო߿ደᩮޔᐥߩㇱ᧚⒳೎ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍ᛽಴ߒޔߎࠇߩᄌᦝࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߪޔฦㇱ᧚ߩᡷᄌ ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆޕᠲ૞ߪޔGIS਄ߢ࿑2ߦ␜ߔᚻ㗅ߢㅴ߼ࠆޕ ᶖ㒐᳓೑߿᡼᳓⸳஻ߩ㈩⟎  ᶖ㒐᳓೑߿᡼᳓⸳஻ߩ㈩⟎ߪޔGIS਄ߢߩ૏⟎ߩ᳿ቯ߅ࠃ߮ዻᕈ୯ߩ⸳ቯߦࠃࠅⴕ߁ޕ㒐Ἣ᳓ᮏ߿ᴡᎹߥ ߤߩᶖ㒐᳓೑ߦኻߒߡߪޔ⾂᳓㊂߿ᵹ᳓㊂ߣ޿ߞߚዻᕈ୯ࠍ⸳ቯߒޔደౝ࡮ደᄖᶖἫᩖ߿น៝ࡐࡦࡊߥߤߩ ᡼᳓⸳஻ߦኻߒߡߪ᡼᳓ㅦᐲ߿ࡎ࡯ࠬᑧિ㐳ߐߣ޿ߞߚዻᕈ୯ࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆޕ ᠲ૞ߪޔGIS਄ߢ࿑3ߦ␜ߔᚻ㗅ߢⴕ߁ޕ૏⟎߿᳓㊂࡮᡼᳓ㅦᐲߥߤߩዻᕈ୯ࠍᄌ߃ߡᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߢޔ ᶖἫ⸳஻ߦߟ޿ߡ᭽ޘߥ᧦ઙਅߢߩᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ ࿑2 ᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ߩᄌᦝࡈࡠ࡯                  ࿑3 ᶖἫ⸳஻ߩ㈩⟎ࡈࡠ࡯

㧠㧚ᣂߚߥ⹏ଔᡰេࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⹜㛎⊛ㆇ↪ߦࠃࠆ⚿ᨐߣߘߩ⠨ኤ  ᣂߒߊࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡈࠚ࡯ࠬࠍㅊടߒߚᡰេࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍታ㓙ߩᏒⴝ࿾ߩᑪ‛࠺࡯࠲ߦㆡ↪ߒߡޔ⃻⁁ߩᏒⴝ࿾ ߢߩᑧ὾േᘒߣޔ઒ᗐߩ㒐Ἣ⸳஻ߩ㈩⟎߅ࠃ߮ᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ߩᡷᄌߦࠃࠆ㒐ἴኻ╷ࠍታᣉߒߚ㓙ߩᑧ὾േᘒࠍᲧ セߔࠆߎߣߢޔᑧ὾ᛥᱛലᨐߩᬌ⸽ࠍⴕ߁ޕᬌ⸽ߦ↪޿ߚᏒⴝ࿾ߩᖱႎߪਅ⸥ߩߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆޕኻ⽎ߣߒߚ Ꮢⴝ࿾ߩᑪ‛ߩ߁ߜޔ1᫟ߩᑪ‛߆ࠄ಴Ἣߒߚߎߣࠍᗐቯߒߡޔฦ㒐ἴኻ╷ߩലᨐߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸽ࠍⴕߞߚޕ 㧨ኻ⽎ߣߒߚᏒⴝ࿾ߩ᭎ᴫ㧪 ㇺᏒฬ㧦੩ㇺᏒ᧲ጊ඙㧔৻ㇱ㧕 ✚ᑪ‛ᢙ 8066᫟ ߁ߜޔ᥉ㅢᑪ‛ 6656᫟㧔᥉ㅢήოᑪ‛฽߻㧕ޔၷ‗ᑪ‛ 736᫟ޔ 㜞ጀᑪ‛ 674᫟㧔ᑪ‛඙ಽߪ࿖࿯࿾ℂ㒮߇ቯ߼ࠆ࿖࿯ၮᧄ࿑࿑ᑼߦ߅ߌࠆᑪ‛඙ಽߦࠃࠆ㧕 ᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ߩᄌᦝߦࠃࠆἫἴᛥᱛലᨐߩᬌ⸽  ኻ⽎ߣߒߚታ㓙ߩᏒⴝ࿾࠺࡯࠲ࠍ↪޿ߡޔߘߩਛ߆ࠄ᛽಴ߒߚᑪ‛ߦߟ޿ߡޔᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ߩ⵬ᒝࠍⴕ޿ޔᄌ ᦝߩ᦭ήߦࠃࠆᑧ὾േᘒߩᲧセࠍⴕ߁ޕ੹࿁ߩᬌ⸽ߢߪޔ࿑4ߦ␜ߔ▎ᚲߩᄖო116ㇱ᧚ࠍ᛽಴ߒߡޔ⴫1ߩ ࠃ߁ߦㇱ᧚․ᕈߩᄌᦝࠍⴕߞߚޕਥߥᄌᦝὐߪޔოㇱߦኻߒߡΆ߃ᛮߌ߇⿠ߎࠄߥ޿ߣ޿߁⸳ቯߦᄌᦝߒߚ ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕΆ߃ᛮߌ߇⿠ߎࠄߥ޿ߎߣߦࠃࠅޔΆ߃ᛮߌߚ▎ᚲ߆ࠄߩΆ὾ࠍഥ㐳ߔࠆⓨ᳇ߩᵹ౉߿ޔᐢ߇ ߞߚ㐿ญ߆ࠄߩྃ಴ἫἻߦࠃࠆ๟࿐ߩᑪ‛߳ߩユ኿ᾲߩᓇ㗀ࠍᛥ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ㐿ญㇱ᧚ߦߟ޿ߡߪᄌ ᦝࠍⴕߞߡ޿ߥ޿ޕ ⴫1 ᑪ‛ㇱ᧚㧔ᄖო㧕ߩㇱ᧚․ᕈߩਥߥᄌᦝౝኈ 㧔̪㧦Ά߃ᛮߌߥߒ㧕 ᄖ ო  ᾲવዉ₸ (kW/(m࡮K)) Ყ㊀ (kg/m3) Ყᾲ (kJ/(kg࡮K)) ฽᳓₸ (kg/kg) Άᛮᤨ㑆 (ಽ) ᄌᦝ೨ ოㇱ 0.0013 2000 0.8 0.2 20 㐿ญㇱ 0.00078 2540 0.77 0 5 ᄌᦝᓟ ოㇱ 0.0013 2400 0.8 0.2 㧙 ̪ 㐿ญㇱ 0.00078 2540 0.77 0 5 ࿑4 ᬌ⸛ߦ↪޿ߚኻ⽎Ꮢⴝ࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆ઒ᗐߩᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ᄌᦝ▎ᚲ ಴Ἣὐ 㧦ᑪ‛ㇱ᧚㧔ᄖო㧕ߩᄌᦝ▎ᚲ

    ࿑5 ᑪᦧ߃߅ࠃ߮ᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ߩᄌᦝߩ᦭ήߦࠃࠆᑧ὾േᘒߩᲧセ 㧔ع㧦Ά߃ዧ߈ޔع㧦Ά὾ਛޔع㧦ᧂΆ὾㧕 100 ಽᓟ㧔ㇱ᧚ᄌᦝߥߒ㧕 _{100 ಽᓟ㧔ㇱ᧚ᄌᦝ޽ࠅ㧕} 200 ಽᓟ㧔ㇱ᧚ᄌᦝߥߒ㧕 _{200 ಽᓟ㧔ㇱ᧚ᄌᦝ޽ࠅ㧕} 300 ಽᓟ㧔ㇱ᧚ᄌᦝߥߒ㧕 _{300 ಽᓟ㧔ㇱ᧚ᄌᦝ޽ࠅ㧕} 400 ಽᓟ㧔ㇱ᧚ᄌᦝߥߒ㧕 400 ಽᓟ㧔ㇱ᧚ᄌᦝ޽ࠅ㧕

 ᑪ‛ㇱ᧚㧔ᄖო㧕ߩᄌᦝߩ᦭ήߦࠃࠆᑧ὾േᘒࠍᲧセߔࠆߣޔ࿑5ߦ␜ߔߣ߅ࠅޔᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ߩᄌᦝࠍᣉߒ ߚⴝ඙߆ࠄ⷏஥߳ߩᑧ὾߇ᛥ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⷗ߡߣࠇࠆޕ৻ᣇߢޔኻ╷ࠍᣉߒߡ޿ߥ޿ධ⷏߿ർ᧲ߩ ኅޘ߆ࠄ࿁ࠅㄟࠎߢᑧ὾ߒߚߎߣߢޔ಴Ἣὐߩධ⷏࡮ർ᧲஥ߦߪޔᑧ὾▸࿐߇⧯ᐓᐢ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔᑧ὾ߩ ㆃᑧലᨐߪ޽ࠆߩߢޔᶖἫᵴേߣ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆߎߣߢߐࠄߦᑧ὾ᛥᱛലᨐߩะ਄߇⷗ㄟ߼ࠆޕ ਄ㅀߩᧄᑧ὾੍᷹ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ․ᓽߦࠃࠅޔᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ߩᄌᦝ߇ᑧ὾▸࿐ߩ⋧㆑ߦ⃻ࠇࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔᑪ‛⒳೎ ߿ᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ߦߟ޿ߡ೎ㅜ᧦ઙࠍ⸳ቯߔࠇ߫ޔߎࠇࠍ෻ᤋߐߖߡޔ޽ࠆ಴Ἣὐߦ߅ߌࠆᑧ὾േᘒߩᲧセࠍⴕ߁ ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕߐࠄߦޔන৻ߩ಴Ἣὐߢߩᬌ⸛ߛߌߢߥߊޔ᭽ޘߥ಴Ἣ᧦ઙࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߎߣߢޔ࿾ၞߦߣߞ ߡ᦭ലߥ㒐ἴኻ╷ߩᬌ⸽ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆޕ ᶖ㒐᳓೑߿᡼᳓⸳஻ߩㆡᱜ㈩⟎ߩᬌ⸛  ኻ⽎ߣߒߚታ㓙ߩᏒⴝ࿾ߩᶖἫ⸳஻ߩ㈩⟎⁁ᴫߦၮߠ޿ߡޔᶖἫ⸳஻ࠍ࿑6ߩࠃ߁ߦ㈩⟎ߒޔᶖἫ⸳஻߇ ోߊᯏ⢻ߒߥ߆ߞߚ႐วߣޔᶖἫ⸳஻߇ᯏ⢻ߒߚ႐วߩᑧ὾േᘒࠍᲧセߒߚޕ ㈩⟎ߒߚᶖ㒐᳓೑߅ࠃ߮᡼᳓⸳஻ߪޔ⴫2ߩߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆޕ  ⴫2 ㈩⟎ߒߚᶖ㒐᳓೑ߣ᡼᳓⸳஻ ⒳ ೎ ౝ ኈ ⒳ ೎ ౝ ኈ ᶖ㒐 ᳓೑ ᶖἫᩖ 316ၮ 㒐Ἣ᳓ᮏ 40▎ᚲ㧔20࠻ࡦ㨪140࠻ࡦ㧕̪㧝 ࡊ࡯࡞ 3▎ᚲ 㧔200࠻ࡦ㨪250࠻ࡦ㧕̪㧝 ᴡᎹޔ↪᳓〝 ⛎᳓▎ᚲࠍࡊࡠ࠶࠻ 㧔᳓㊂ߪή㒢ߣᗐቯ㧕 ᡼᳓ ⸳஻ ደౝ࡮ደᄖ ᶖἫᩖ 42ၮ㧔ࡎ࡯ࠬᑧ㐳ߪ100mޔ ᡼᳓ㅦᐲߪᲤಽ100࡝࠶࠻࡞㧕 น៝ࡐࡦࡊ 9ၮ㧔ࡎ࡯ࠬᑧ㐳ߪ100mޔ᡼᳓ ㅦᐲᲤಽ100࡝࠶࠻࡞㧕 ̪㧝 ੩ㇺᏒᶖ㒐ዪ࠺࡯࠲ߦၮߠ޿ߡޔታ㓙୯ࠍ↪޿ߚޕ ࿑6 ᬌ⸛ߦ↪޿ߚᶖἫ⸳஻ߩ㈩⟎⁁ᴫߣ಴Ἣὐߩ૏⟎ ಴Ἣὐ ٨㧦ᶖἫᩖ ٨㧦㒐Ἣ᳓ᮏ ٨㧦ࡊ࡯࡞ ٨㧦ᴡᎹޔ↪᳓〝 ٨㧦ደౝޔደᄖᶖἫᩖ ٨㧦น៝ࡐࡦࡊ

    ࿑7 ᶖἫ⸳஻߇ᯏ⢻ߒߚ߆ߤ߁߆ߦࠃࠆᑧ὾േᘒߩᲧセ 㧔ع㧦Ά߃ዧ߈ޔع㧦Ά὾ਛޔع㧦ᧂΆ὾ޔ 㧦ᶖἫਛ㧕 100 ಽᓟ㧔ᶖἫ⸳஻ߥߒ㧕 100 ಽᓟ㧔ᶖἫ⸳஻޽ࠅ㧕 200 ಽᓟ㧔ᶖἫ⸳஻ߥߒ㧕 200 ಽᓟ㧔ᶖἫ⸳஻޽ࠅ㧕 300 ಽᓟ㧔ᶖἫ⸳஻ߥߒ㧕 300 ಽᓟ㧔ᶖἫ⸳஻޽ࠅ㧕 400 ಽᓟ㧔ᶖἫ⸳஻ߥߒ㧕 400 ಽᓟ㧔ᶖἫ⸳஻޽ࠅ㧕

 ᧄᶖἫᵴേࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪޔ1) Ἣἴᑪ‛ߣหߓ૏⟎ߢޔ಴Ἣ߆ࠄ15ಽᓟߦ಴Ἣ߇ⷡ⍮ߐࠇࠆޔ2) ⷡ⍮ߒߚ⠪߇ 2m/⑽ߢ᡼᳓⸳஻⸳⟎▎ᚲߦ⒖േߔࠆޔ3) ⷡ⍮ߒߚ⠪߇᡼᳓⸳஻ࠍᶖ㒐᳓೑૏⟎߹ߢ⒖േߐߖࠆޔ4) ࡐࡦࡊ ࠍ⿠േߒޔ5) ࡎ࡯ࠬࠍᑧિߔࠆߎߣߢᶖἫᵴേ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆޔߣ޿߁ᵹࠇߢᶖἫᵴേࠍ⹏ଔߒߡ޿ࠆޕߥ߅ޔ ᧄᶖἫᵴേࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪޔᾲ᳇ᵹߩ᷷ᐲ߇ᄖ᳇᷷ࠃࠅ10ᐲએ਄㜞޿ࠛ࡝ࠕߢߪᶖἫᵴേࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ ߣ⸳ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔ੹࿁ߩㆇ↪ߢߪ㘑ㅦ0ࠍ઒ቯߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢޔ᳇ᵹߩᓇ㗀ߪ௛߆ߕޔᶖἫᵴേ߳ߩᡰ㓚ߪ ⊒↢ߒߥ߆ߞߚޕ ᶖἫ⸳஻߇ోߊᯏ⢻ߒߥ߆ߞߚ႐วߣᯏ⢻ߒߚ႐วߩᑧ὾േᘒࠍᲧセߔࠆߣޔ࿑7ߩߣ߅ࠅߣߥࠆޕᶖἫ ⸳஻߇ᯏ⢻ߒߚ႐วߩᑧ὾േᘒ࿑ߢߪޔᶖἫᵴേߩኻ⽎ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆᑪ‛ࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ޔᶖἫᵴേ ߩ⚿ᨐޔᑧ὾ᛥᱛലᨐ߇⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⷗ߡߣࠇࠆޕ  ಴Ἣὐࠍᄌ߃ߡޔ⸃ᨆࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߢޔ࿾ၞߩਛߢᑧ὾࡝ࠬࠢߩ㜞޿ࠛ࡝ࠕࠍ᛽಴ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ޔᶖἫ⸳ ஻ߩ㈩⟎߿ᶖἫ⢻ജ㧔⾂᳓㊂߿᡼᳓ㅦᐲߥߤ㧕ߩ᧦ઙࠍᄌ߃ߡޔ⸃ᨆࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߢޔᑧ὾࡝ࠬࠢߩૐᷫࠍ࿑ ࠆᶖἫ⸳஻ߩᦨㆡ㈩⟎߿ᦨㆡᶖἫ⢻ജࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ 㧡㧚੹ᓟߩᵴ↪ߦะߌߡ ᧄ⹏ଔᡰេࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪޔㇱ᧚ࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߩ᧦ઙࠍᄌᦝߒߡᑧ὾੍᷹ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࡕ࠺࡞ࠍណ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆߎ ߣߦࠃࠅޔㇱ᧚ߩᡷᄌ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ⥋ࠆ⡼ℂ⚦߿߆ߥ㒐ἴኻ╷ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆὐߦ․ᓽ߇޽ࠆޕ ട߃ߡޔᶖ㒐᳓೑ߣ᡼᳓⸳஻ߩᶖἫ⢻ജޔฦ⸳஻ߩ૏⟎߆ࠄ⸘▚ߒߚᶖ㒐ᵴേน⢻ᤨೞ߅ࠃ߮ޔᑧ὾⁁ᴫ߆ࠄ ዉ಴ߒߚᶖ㒐ᵴേน⢻ࠛ࡝ࠕࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߎߣߩߢ߈ࠆᶖἫᵴേࡕ࠺࡞ࠍណ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅޔࠃࠅታᘒߦᔕ ߓߚᶖἫᵴേࠍౣ⃻ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥߞߚޕߎࠇࠍ↪޿ߡޔᶖἫ⸳஻ߩᢛ஻ౝኈࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ ᧄⓂߦ߅ߌࠆ⹜㛎⊛ㆇ↪ߩ੐଀ߢߪޔᑪ‛ㇱ᧚ߩᄌᦝߣᶖἫ⢻ജߩ⹏ଔࠍ୘ޘߦᬌ⸽ߒߚ߇ޔታ㓙ߩᏒⴝ࿾ߦ ኻߒߡߪޔߎࠇߩਔ⠪ࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߡޔࠃࠅ᦭ലߥ㒐ἴኻ╷ߩᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ ߎ߁ߒߚ․ᓽࠍᵴ߆ߒߡ੹ᓟߪޔᱧผ⊛Ꮢⴝ࿾ࠍ߽ߟౕ૕࿾ၞࠍㆬቯߒޔᑧ὾േᘒߩ⸘▚⚿ᨐࠍឭ␜ߔࠆ ߎߣߢޔᧄ⹏ଔᡰេࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ࿾ၞߩⴕ᡽࡮ᶖ㒐ᜂᒰ⠪ߣ࿾ၞ૑᳃ࠍߟߥߋࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒ ߡᵴ↪ߒߥ߇ࠄޔ࿾ၞ․ᕈߦวࠊߖߚ᦭ലߥ㒐ἴኻ╷ߩᬌ⸛࡮ឭ᩺ࠍⴕߞߡ޿߈ߚ޿ޕ ߐࠄߦޔ࿾ၞߩੱޘߩ㒐ἴᗧ⼂߿ᣣߏࠈߩ࿾ၞߩㅪ៤⁁ᴫߥߤߦᔕߓߡޔ࿾ၞߩᶖἫᵴേ⢻ജࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ ᚻᴺࠍᬌ⸛ߒޔㆡಾߥ㒐ἴኻ╷ߩଦㅴߣߣ߽ߦޔ౒ഥ࡮੕ഥߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ࿾ၞ㒐ἴജߩ㉯ᚑࠍᡰេߔࠆ࠷࡯࡞ ߣߒߡ߽ᵴ↪ߢ߈ࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ૞ࠅࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚ޿ޕ ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪޔ޽ࠆන৻ߩ಴Ἣὐ߆ࠄߩ಴Ἣߦࠃࠆᑧ὾ෂ㒾ᕈߩ⹏ଔࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔᑧ὾࡝ࠬࠢߣ޿߁ⷰ ὐ߆ࠄޔ࡜ࡦ࠳ࡓߦ᛽಴ߒߚᑪ‛߆ࠄߩ಴Ἣࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߩᑧ὾േᘒࠍᐔဋߒߡޔ࿾඙ߩᑧ὾࡝ࠬࠢࠍ▚಴ߒޔ ߎࠇࠍ߽ߣߦޔฦ⒳ኻ╷߇࿾඙ߩᑧ὾࡝ࠬࠢૐᷫߦ߽ߚࠄߔᓇ㗀ࠍቯ㊂⊛ߦ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆࠃ߁ޔ ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡈࠚ࡯ࠬߩᡷༀࠍㅴ߼ߚ޿ޕ ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ 1) ᮘᧄ࡮↰ਛ㧦ㇺᏒἫἴߩ‛ℂ⊛ᑧ὾ᕈ⁁੍᷹ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ㐿⊒㧘ᣣᧄᑪ▽ቇળⅣႺ♽⺰ᢥ㓸㧘No.607㧘pp.15-22㧘2006㧚 2) ᮮጊ࡮ᮘᧄ࡮↰ਛ㧦GISࠍ↪޿ߚᏒⴝ࿾Ἣἴᑧ὾࡝ࠬࠢ⹏ଔࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ౉಴ജ࠺࡯࠲▤ℂᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛㧘ᱧผㇺ Ꮢ㒐ἴ⺰ᢥ㓸㧘Vol.3㧘pp.211-216㧘2009㧚 3) ᮘᧄ࡮↰ਛ㧦ᶖἫᵴേࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚ㈬↰ᏒᄢἫߩἫἴᑧ὾ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧘ᣣᧄᑪ▽ቇળᄢળቇⴚ⻠Ṷ᪪᭎㓸㧘2007㧚 4) ᮘᧄ࡮↰ਛ㧦ᑧ὾ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦၮߠߊ㜞ጊᏒਃ↸વᑪ࿾඙ߩ㒐Ἣᕈ⢻⹏ଔ㧘ᣣᧄᑪ▽ቇળᄢળቇⴚ⻠Ṷ᪪᭎㓸㧘 2004 5) ᄢᶆ࡮ᮘᧄ࡮↰ਛ㧦㈬↰ᏒᄢἫߩᑧ὾ᕈ⁁ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㨪‛ℂ⊛ᑧ὾ᕈ⁁੍᷹ࡕ࠺࡞ߩᬌ⸽㨪㧘ᣣᧄᑪ▽ቇળᄢ ળቇⴚ⻠Ṷ᪪᭎㓸㧘2005 6) ⑺ర࡮ᮘᧄ࡮ർᓟ࡮↰ਛ㧦ᑧ὾ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ↪޿ߚἫἴ቟ోኻ╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆၮ␆⊛ᬌ⸛㧙๺᱌ጊ⋵ḡᵻ↸ḡᵻવ ᑪ࿾඙ߦ߅ߌࠆࠤ࡯ࠬࠬ࠲࠺ࠖ㧙㧘ᣣᧄᑪ▽ቇળᄢળቇⴚ⻠Ṷ᪪᭎㓸㧘2007