Prosodic Representations of Russian

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!)ｒｏsodic……Representations………cjf･Russi:an

……… Yoshiko FuJISAKI へ

{Departmentぱμumaniμes, Fac ｢収ｏｆμumanities & Economics)

Aりstract: The purpose of this paper jsくto visualize the prosodicヶpatterns of the Russian language. In Russian the上vowel ｏ卜the accented syllable is pronounced with higher intensity

and longer duration, and all of the energy is concentrated 9n this accented syllable of the key word of the sentence, which is the word that conveys the most important new information. Declarative 血d interrogative sentences are distinguished not syr!tacticallyﾚbut

by the relative energy of the accented word. The patterns of energyいdistributionneededイor this differentiation were experimentally visualized and quantitatively examined. 六大

0. Introduction ぺ犬 ‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥ . ， …………

In both Englishヶand Russian。the quality of vowels depends upon the presence of accent 6r stress on the vowel. Accenレor stress refers to the system of relative strength of Sy!lab!es in ａ language. The two ylanguages are both classified as stress-timed languages√bｕtユin English the

stressed syllable is markedコｍ叫e by length thm＼‘power energy' as ＼ｌｎRussian. They also have different ways ･of∧distributing the speech energy上over ａ word. English words of three。or more syllables usually have three levels of stress: main stress, secondaryしstress, and unaccented sy!lables. while in Russian all 0f the stress energy is concentrated on one syllable of the word……Within a word in Russian, the energy builds up very rapidly just before 也ｅ上stressedsyllable, andイａ!1s ｏ汀 even more rapidly after the stressed syllable. Within ａ sentenとe,one word is usually heavily stressed,皿d the other words are basically unstressed in the over-all sentence stressトdistribution, although they would be stressed if pronounced in isolation･.･.・・ ..･ .･.. ・ I I I ･.I.. ；・しIntonation refers tｏコthem910dy‥ of a sentence, the meaningful risesjandイ涵S in voice pitch.犬In

bo山上languages 4 falling∧intonation contour is an indication of completeness of expression, and statements pronounced without any speciaトemotional overtones丿are characterized by falling.tone. There 1S√however,･an important difference in theつway this fa1トtakes place between the two languages. While in English there is usually ａ rise above norma卜pitch level ０ｎ the strongest

syllable of the sentence. followed by a drop to ａ１０ｗpitch, the Russian neutral declarative sentence intonation contour consists of ａ more or less sharp fall上inenergy on the accented syllable of the key word of the sentence√which is the word that conveys the most important new information. 皿d the fall is confined within that sole syllable. ＞，

1.0 Stress, accent and prominer!ce し犬 ‥‥‥ ‥‥‥== ご十 .･･..・.･ .・ The three tenns, 'stresぐゾaccent' 2 and 'prominence':have often been used in different and Ｃｏｎ血sing，ways. The wordグstress' has sometimes been used simply∧to refer to syllables made prominent for linguistic purposes. either in words or in sentences,し］d also used to ｍｅ卸‘breath-force or loudness' the implication being that this is the principal means whereby syllables are made

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168

Res. Rep. Kochi Univ. Vol.45 (1996) Hum.

prominent. The word ‘accent' has also been:used simply to refer to syllablesﾄ made prominent for linguistic purposes, commonly implying that such j prominence is principally associated with pitch. In some !anguages such as Finnish, Turkish and Polish ＼ each word has a fixed place for the point of maximum prominence.■ｗhere 'accent' is synonymousトwith 'stress≒In languages like English and Russian, however, the accentual pattern of any given word∧is lexically fixed√ and there is no single pattern used throughout the language. The phonetic 弛ぬjres, pitch, length and loudness, are all used to make some syllables more prominent in wordsトand in sentences.!n English these features f(?rm ａ scale of importanむe in brinがng syllables into prominence, =pitc!1 being the most efficacious. and loudness上the least S6; In Russian the voweトin the accented 町liable ・is pronounced with greater intensity and longer duration. ■■ ■■■ ■■ ■ ■■■■ ･.･.･ .. ･I . . ・.・・･. I･

2｡0 Intonation Patterns つつ犬し I

Although Russian is said t6 have ‘fｒ＆accent'レthere /翁ｅ words with accent kernel movemφnt and words without*. In theトforme［type of words, tｈｅﾄlocatioりof the accent is lexicallyﾀﾞfixed depending on the number, case 皿d tensed Syllables inダRussian are first classified into accented and unaccented ones. depending on the presence or abser!ce of ‘accent'. The accented syllable,in the word which is the most important in a phrase or ａしsentence,is pronounced with th6: greatest strengthダand duration, and is called the 'center' syllable. The syllable immediately before the

'center' has the second greatest strength sind duration,〉and the one immediately afterﾊﾟthe 'center≒ along with the other syllables, has the least of the two features. These syllables 面ｅ∧called the ‘precentral' and ‘postcentral' syllables respectively ^ According to Bpfai3ryHOBa(1982), seven

patterns (Type I-VII) are reported, each of which was given two to four specimen phrases.コAll of tねese quoted in her study were recorded as materれ11Sto be visualised in this experimentトThe literal translations of each (jf them are given in English after each: phrase or sentenceト十

2.1 Prosodic Pattern ｌヶ ▽ ト .･ .･

This pattern (Type I) conveys ａ complete thought in ａｄｅｃ!arativesentence. The center of Type l is the stressed syllable of the word containing the main item of th6トinformation conveyed by the statement. A distinctive feature of this type is ’asharp drop in tone on the center ofﾌﾟthe contour, which continues on the postcentral part and is pronounced∧with a lower than mid tol!ｅ， characteristicof the precentral part･ The phrases recordedイor this type ａrｅ: ： ○

(1) 34ecb. 十二＜‘Here.' つ一

万（２）３μecb OCTaHOBKa. ニ ‘The stop is hereブ六白〉

(3) 3to nHTbift aBTo6yc. y 'It's the number five bUSブ白丁よく ‥‥‥‥ ・（4）ＢＯＴ yHHse pCHTeT. ∇'There△is ａ university.'犬

2｡2 Prosodic Pattern IT

This pattern (Type II) is used mainly in questions containing an interrogative word. It is also used when addressing. demanding,二〇rdering, comm飢ding, wishing, exclaiming and shouting. The center is usually the interrogative word. The stress becomes stronger on the center 6f the contour. The tone drops in the postcentral part. The phrases recorded for this type ａｒｅ:’

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Prosodic Representations of Russian (Fujisaki)

(2) -(4) Kto TaM ,CTOHT？ ‘叩ho is standing there??

169

2.3 Prosodic Pattern Ill ＝・・.･.･ .･･= .･.･..・・. ・. This pattern (Type Ill)is used in questions without an interrogative word. It is al奴）△used in

tｅ!ling stories,simple questions, wills, story-telling phrase borders.トcomplex sentences before l subordinate sentence to indicate incompleteness,しemphatic sentencり，∧disagreement, requests, exclamation, etc. The syntactic stracture of this type coincides withトthat of declar姐ve sentences. English statements and questions of this type may have a different syntactic structure: e.g. This is ａ student. Is this a student? The center of this type is the stressed syllable of the word which contains the question. The precentral part is pronounced with a mid△toneにThen the∧tone rises sharp!y on the center of this COI!tour. In the postcentral part the tｏ映 drops lower than the mid tone. The tone begins jto faUしwithin･the center of the contou･ｒ and continuesトfalling on the postcentral part. The phrases recorded for this type have the same syntactic structures as in Type l:

（1）1 3μｅＣｈ? ‘Here?’/ / 十

(2) 3;iecb ocTaHOBKa?＼ ∧ ‘Is the stop here?’コ＼ ◇

（3）３ＴＯ nHTbift aBToSyc? ‘Is it the numberイive bus?’ ノト＼＼（４）ＯＨａnoeT? ニ ‘Does she sing? /Is she dancing?’ 犬し

2.4 Prosodic Pattern IV ・・.・・.･･･ .・・.・ .・.･･ .･・:

This pattern (Type IV) is usedニin incompleteしinterrogative sentences, mainly with the conjunction ‘ａ≒which is the equivalent of contrastive ‘and' in Ｅｎがish. It is also used in questions connected with the previous sentence, iﾘdicating reluctance, official or formal statements, surpris町犬and unpleasantness. The tone falls on the center of the contour and rises at ＼the postcentral part. If the !ast syllable is the one accented, the tone begins to rise within ＼tｈｅcenter. The phrases recorded for

this type ａｒｅ:▽ ト十＝尚尚 (Ｄ Bam? ‥‥‥‥ ‘Yours?'，＼＜

・(2)Ｂａｍ.６ＨＪｅＴ?.＝＞ 'Your ticket?'上し･．ト．･し ‥ (3) A nHTH曲aBToSyc? 'And the number five bus?'コ＼レ (4) A YHHBep CHTeT?. ‘And a university?' ユ

2.5 Prosodic Pattern ｖト

This pattern (Type V)is used mainly in exclamato叩 sentences. It is also used in‥stories, to express a high level ･of quality. being in a hurry or emotion, to indicate ａ wish,ヶpity or preference. The phrases recorded for jthis type ａｒｅ: プ‥ ｊ ‥‥‥ ‥‥‥

(1) KaK OHa TaHuyeTト十 ‘How (well) she is dancing!’ レ犬 (2) 3aMeHaTejibHbift:rojioc!ト‘Wonderful voice!’ ＼コ十＼＼ (3) HacTOH皿部ｎｅＣＨ引‥ ‥‥‥1 'Real!y spring!’ .･.･.. ･･ .･= コ

2.6 Prosodic Pattern VI 十十， ‥∇ ト I ＼

This pattern (Type VI) iトused to show incompleteness of the information ６ｎ important subjects on TV, the radio and in newspapers,コpoetry, church sermons, ０r important situations.Compared to Type II卜and ｖ， it is used more often in every day life. With no pronoun 卵d as a rhetorical

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i70

_{Res. Rep.･Kochi:Univ. Vol.45（19り6) Hum}

question, this is the only pattern used. It∧is also usedﾚwhen∧attracting attention from the person you want to talk to, like street sales people calling to : passersby√or when repeating the same question twice. Used with an interrogative word such as who, what, where, the center ｗinトbe on the last or on one of the last words. The phrases recorded for this type ａrｅ: 十 ‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥゛

(1) COK!.･･･..・・...･.･. ・ﾌﾟJuice!' ト＼ ‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ ‥‥‥‥ 犬(2) CoK BKyCHfalft! ‥ ‥‥‘The juice is tasty!'･. ･.･･.. .･･.･.・・･. ・.＞十 (3) KaKofl coK BKVCHfalft!ノ ?How tasty the juice ｉＳ!'.・.･.・. ・･･ ..･・.･･ﾌ犬 (4) KaKoft BKVCHfalft COK! ▽‘What tasty juice!' ダニ・･．・・．･．．・．．．･．・．・･．

2.7 Prosodic Pattern VII O ＝ニ＼六十 ‥ し▽

This pattern (Type VII) is used in rhetorical questions with pronouns, to indicate impossibility or negative connotation. Used without prono皿S， it indicates ilトforceful expression, negation or 皿

antonym. The phrases recorded for this type ａｒｅ: ･. ･.･..･.･. . ･･･.･.・.･. ・.･.･･.･.. ・.･ ...･･（1）μａ. 十 ‘Yes.' ●●●

●● ● ●● ●● ●● 十（2）ΓPySblft TbI! ‘You ａｒｅねde!’∧ 十＼し△ ‥‥‥‥

(3) Kor/ia 3to･ Gyμｅｔ? 犬．‘Ｗ恥ｎ will it be?’ ダ ‥‥‥‥‥‥ （4）Ｘ叩ＯｍＯ! I＼づ ‘Good!=’ ノニニ＼

3｡0 Procedures ＼グ ‥ △ ＼

The speaker employed was ａ native speaker of犬Russian in 恥ｒトforties,who had しno speech or hearing disorders. It is noted that she was a speaker t)f the St. Petersburg dialect. one of the two prevailing standard dialectsﾄ鋤ﾚ山e Russian language. The speaker was。not informed of the☆aim of the recording and was instructed to read the十materials at a normal speaking rate, 皿ｄ as naturally as possible. The recording was conducted プin a quietトroom, using aトSony ＮＴ-1∧DigitaトMicro Recorder and its stereo microphone. Care was taken to keep the dist皿ce between the microphone 皿d the speaker's mouth constant√at approximately 25 cm. The recorded utterances were A/D converted with a sampling frequency of 10 kHz, analyzed using MacSpeechLabll (GW Instruments) and Onsei-Rokubunken Ver.4.01a (Datel). Waveform, pitch contour, formant (narrow band) and energy plot were extracted from the raw data, and the results are in Appendiχ I.

4.0 Discussion 犬 ● づノ ∧ ： The maximum and minimum values of frequency wereニ皿easured' for each phrase in order to plot graphs of the Pitch Range (Graph I), which△show:S; thatヶType in and VII are produced in the widest pitch range of the seven typesレThe averaged values of the centers□of・Type l,」［面dm were alsoニobtained* in frequency (Graph 11) and intensity(Graph III). It Ｗａsニfound that for all the three types frequency increased within the center while intensity decreasedレIn declarative sentences (Type I), the center has increasedしfrequency皿dしlittleしtransition in intensity. In questions with interrogative words (Type II), the center shows littletransition in pitch but great intensity transition.

Type Ill, questions without interrogative words, is among the most intriguing in the behavior of these two prosodic features. In /this type, which has the コsame syntacticｿstructure as Type I, the frequency of th(トcenter increases, while the intensity decreases. In Englishレpitch and intensity are produced ･in proportion for a syllable that takes t恥 main stress, along with increased duration↓but

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Prosodic Representationsダof Russiaり（ＦねJISAKi) 171

in Russian this reversed transition between these two featuresﾀﾞischaracteristicof the natural Russian prosodic patterns. Graphs I, II and Ill are in Appendix II. ＼／ト＼

5｡０ Concluding Remarks ＼ト ▽ 犬ト‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

Yes/no interrogatives mayﾌbe grammatically marked bｙしthe use of ａ partic!ｅas ｉｎべJapaneseor by the use of a speciaトword……order as in English. In Russian√ however√the ｗ卯 of formally differentiating yes/no questions……丘ｏｍ□statements is by prosody,since theトSyﾘtax is ba!sically unchanged from the∧form ｡0f＼ｽthe｡･ｄｅｃ!arative.The intonation of yes/no questions iS√ with few exceptions, reported as having eitherトａ terminal rise :or a higher pitch th郷 the∧corresponding statement patterns. In 4 study of thirty-six non-toneしlanguages, Bolinger (1978) reported all except four as having a rise or a higher pitch. Even in tone languages a terminal rise is usual in yes/no questions. Although a few languages are reported as not having a fall at‥tt!ｅend of ａ sentence but a fall at the end of a discourse, 卸d Chitimacha is reported to use a rising intonation for statement and a falling one for interrogation V it is a linguistic universal with very few exceptions that unmarked∧declaratives have ａ fina! falling pitch. ノ ∧ ＼つ Russian employs different ways of distributing the speech energy over words and sentences, compared with the:English]I皿guage. Unlike English, whose stressed syllables are marked more by greater pitch and duration. the stress energy in Russian has greater intensity and pitch and is concentrated in each sentence on one syllable of the word くwhich conveys the most important new information, and then falls off rapidly after the stressed syllable. It is crucial to natural Russian pronunciation to make this rise and fall of intensity abrupt enough within the center syllable 皿d to have the transition of intensity and pitch in reverse directions. It is left for further research to increase the number of subjects. 皿d to vary the rate 6f the change in pitch and intensity, to clarify the prosodic behavior which results in the utterance being perceived as natural and unambiguous to native speakers of the Russian language･< ダニ

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172 Type I ６叩４０こい 6 0 0 1 0 0 ２００１ＨＵ５００佃０２り０１１０い６・ｇ u o 2 D 0 １００６７

Res. Rep. Kochi Uμiv. Vol.4ﾀﾞ(1996) Hum.

(1) Fig. I-l:[zdjesi]ﾄ/ 3aecb.

Ｔｉ・ e( s 3 c )

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Appendix I

Fig. 1-2:[zdjesi astanofka]/3μecb

OCTaHOBKa.

T i . . ( S B 丿

− −− −﹃ −− ｌｊ

(3) Fig. 1-3 : / [eta pjatji aftobus] / 3to njITBIH aBToSyc.

(４)

Tl>o (.ti)

Fig. 1-4 : [vot universjitjet]/BOT VHHBe pCHTeT

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Type IT ０９２００ 10 0 6 1 7 ２Ｈ 1 0 0 Ｓ７ s o d 400 ２ｎ □ ０５７ 6 0 0 ＨＯａ０１００Ｕ

Prosodic▽Representations of･Russian (Fujisaki)

(1) Fig. II-1 : / [ｋtｏ]/Kto?

ri>c (sicl

(2) Fig. II-2 : [kto tarn statt]/Kto

TaM CTOHT？

Tilt {lec)

(3) Fig. II-3:[kto

tarn stai-t]/ KtO TaM CTOHT？

(４)

Fig. 11-4 :l[kto tarn sta+t]/ KtO TaM CTOHT?･

T i m e ･【ｓｅｅ】

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T l . e ( s e i )

174

Type Ill

Res. Rep. Kochi Ｕ心しＶり,!.45∧(19り6)へHum.

(1) Fig.Ⅲ-1:[zdjesj]/

3jiech?

２００ i o o ｎ９ z o o １川６７６ａ１４ｎ２Ｈ 1 0 0 ６７ r i ≪ e ( s e e l

(2) Fig.Ⅲ-2:[zdjesj astanofka]/

3Eech oc･raHOBKa？

□ ■ e ( s e t )

(3) Fig.Ⅲ-3:[eta

pjatjiaftobus]/ 3to nHTHH

aBToSyc？

T i . e ( s e e )

(4) Fig. I!I-４:[ana payot] / OHa noeT?

6 0 0

4 Ｈ

２００

l o d

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Type IV ６Ｍ１００２ｎ同０Ｓ７６Ｕ４Ｈ z o o l O O Ｓ７６卵４り０￡ 0 0 I Q O ６７５Ｈ n o Ｚ００ 1 0 0 ６７

!^rosodic Representations of Russian (Fujisaki)

(1) Fig. rv-i:[ｖａ∫]/Bam?

(2) Fig. IV-2 : [ｖａ∫biljet]/Bam 6H,7ieT?ご

(3) Fig. IV-3:[a

pjatjiaftobus]/ A nHTHH

aBToSyc？

T [ i ! i 9( s e c )

(4) Fig. IV-4:[ａ

universjitjet]/ A VHHBepCHTeT？

TiiD (set)

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176

Type ｖ

恥き. Rep. Kochi Univ. Vol.45……（1=り96)Hum

(1) Fig.V-1:[kak

ana

tantsuit]/ KaK OHa TaHiiyeT!

6 1 0 4 0 0 2 Ｍ１０ａ．６７ Ti.o (.eti (2) Fig.V-2:[zamjetSatjenijぷolas]/3四叫aTejIbHblH TOJIOC! s o g i o o ２Ｈ１１０Ｓ７ Ti.e (s.i)

(3) Fig.V-3:[nastajaSaj∂vjisna]/

HacTOHmaH

ＥむcHa!

e o D

l O O

Ｚ００

１００

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Type VI 50 0 ４００ z o o ０７０６Ｉ６Ｈ 1 0 0 ２Ｈ１００Ｈ

Prosodic Representations of Russian (Eujisaki)う

1) Fig. VI-1:[sｏｋ]/COK!

Time (sec)

(2) Fig. VI-2 : [sok fksnii]/ COK BKVCHHH!

ｌｊ・ e ( s s c i

(3) Fig.VI-3 : [kakoy

sok fksnij]/ KaKoft coK BKycHbift!

６Ｍ０００７０００６４２１６ｎ 4 O D ２００１１１＝６７ＴｔｍｅＤｅｏ

(4) Fig. VI-4:[kakoy

fksnij sok]ソKaKOH

BKyCHblH COK!

･ T H ≪ ( i ≪ o )

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178

Res. Rep. Kochi UnivレVol.45 (1996) Hum.

Type VII

(1)

Fig. VII-1 :＼[ｄａ]/μａ.

6 0 0 ４ｎ２００１・ＩＳ･ ? T l ≪ ≪ ( s e t )

(2) Fig. VII 2 : [grubij t↓]/ rpySbiH TH!

５ｎ４ｎ μ ００７０ｉｇ１ T i ≪ e ( s e e )

(3) Fig.VII-3:［kagda eta budit］/Korμａ３Ｔ（j6ｙμeT?

６伺 □ ０２Ｍ L O O Ｓ７ (４) １１０ m o z a o 1 0 0 ６７ T l i t t e( s e c )

Fig. VII-4:[X9ra∫ｏ]/ Xopomo!

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Hz 5 0 0 4 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 Hz 11 Prosodic二Representations of Ru卵i面（!-'UJISAKi) ㎜ｍｈ１ニー｡,I 圖皿￨＼自大g9 ■9nsｅt ･･ [二二]offset･ I 回￨題l transition 179 Appendix II

Graph l : PITCH RANGE

ｍ

IV PATTERN

Graph 11: CENTER FREQUENCY

PATTERN TYPE Ｖ ’ T Y P E ■ｏｎＳｅtﾄ □二]offset ・国頭￨∃trans皿on VI VII

Graph in : CENTER INTENSITY ｄＢ･

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180 1｡ 2. 3. 4｡ 5.

Res. Rep. Kochi｡ Univ一才Vol.45 (1996)ﾄHum.

Notesレー ▽ ＼ Handel (1989) defines it as 'any sound that is perceived as “prominent” or “marked'”. Handel (1989) defines it as ‘ａ note ｏｆﾀﾞchord that is emphasized 6r perceived as stronger'･

The main accent generally falls on the first syllable of a word in Finnish; on the last in Turkish; on the penultimate in Polishレ＞

Shirota (1979) pp. 112-113 ト；･･＞＼〕

The Russian□neutral noun meaning ‘window', for ｅχample, has its‘accent' on the second syllable for the singular nominative ‘Ｏ卜H6≒on the firsレfor t励ﾌﾟplura!nominative ' 6 kh a白皿ｄ on 晰ｅトsecond for the singular genitive‘ ｏｋＨＦ………inａ case吋a verb meaning 'love' inうresent tense』K)6mb', it falls on the second for the singulaも」firstpersφn '"jiio卵ぶ√莉d 6n上血e first fo………therest,乱loQHmb ',りk)5ht ',

' jii66hm ',当而fjHTe ’ and ‘ jiioSaT '. ＼

6; Shirota (1979) pp√115-116 7｡Type ・ I ・ II

min/Hz

max/Hz

range

8. Intensity 8 8 0 4 6 2 1 9 ｀１ onset/dB offset/dB transition/dB I − 18 17 -1 ７０ＣＯ . ! ︱ ! ４５ ‘ Ｏ ’ 。Ｉ１ｒ -r T -Ｈ ■ ■ ♂ ｌｓｊＭ｀、ｍ 1 5 6 4 0 3 2 4 7 ｍ６ ‘ 2 4 2 2 一ＭＳ . ａ＼フ C N j -Ｈ ' 9. Bolinger (1978) p.l57∠158 IV ６０４りｎｒ < t 0 0 1 e n -Ｈ V 129 296 167 Pitch VI -177 338 161 Ｉ 1100ノ Ⅵ1339戸 =………onset/Hz 166 offset/Hz 265 transition/Hz 99 II…… 237し= 237 -0.5 111 289 392 103 References

Bolinger, D. L., (1978)‘Intonation Across Languages.' In J. p. Greenberg, et al.,じhivers ｢ｓば加ｍ凹丿皿即昭ｅ Vol. 2:Ｒ７ｏ刀ology, Stanford Univ. Press十上

Cruttenden, Alan., 1986 Int四晒on Cambridge University Press

Handel, Stephen･, 1989 Listening: a＼血びoducti。to the percept!。ぱauditorアevents A Bradford Book, The MIT Press ト

Shirota, Shun., 1979 Roshia-go no Onsei -一一０刀ｓ妨μikuto Onii汀皿…, Kazama Shobo

Stepanova, E.］M., Z. Ｎ. Ievleva, Ｌ. Ｂ. Trashina, and Ｒ. L. Baker., 1994 Rｕ吋加五）ｒＥｖｅ乃/恥辱, 7th Edition, Russky Yazyk Publishers Moscow 。 /

Bpt,i3ryH0Ba, Ｅ. Ａ. √ 1982 "HHTOHau以映ｙＣＣ心a zpaMMtnＵＫａ,TOM. I, pp. 96-122 MocKBa Hayio BpH3ryH0Ba, E, A., 1983 ∂Ｒｙ瓦むｊａ UHmoHaμUfl pycc瓦OH, peiu ５-ｅＨ H3/iaHHe, MocKBa MaTy ceBHM, M. H., 1976 Co町っｅＭｅ召Hbiii pyccKU片刃３Ｍ瓦ｊφOHemu尺a,MocKBa npocBemeHHe

Manuscript received:September:30, 1996 ＼プPublished: December 25， 1996