Vol.64 , No.3(2016)204岡田英作「瑜伽行派における五種姓説の展開：経典註釈書をもとに」

(1)

The Japanese Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies

NII-Electronic Library Service

The JapaneseAssociation of Indian and Buddhist Studies

Journal

oflndian and BuddhistStudiesVol.64,No. 3,March 2016

(175)

The

Development

of

the

Five-Gotra

Theory

in

the

Yogacara

School:

In

Accordance

with

the

Satra

Commentaries

OKADA

Eisaku

1,

Introduction

By employing the term

_gotm,

the Yogacara _school

discusses

the _topics _such _as _the

possibilityof reaching

_parinirva-n.

a and the

types

of enlightenment

(bodhi).

The Faxiang

zong,

founded

by

xuanzang

itlee,

enumerated

five

_gotms, that is,s'rctvaka-gotm,

pratyekabuddha-gotra,

bodhisattva-gotra

(og

according tothe fogacarabhami,

bodhisattva-gotruisalso called tatha-gata-gotra,

buddha-gotra,

mahdyana-gotra), antyata-gotra, and

a-gotra,and established the so-called wuxing _gebie

lfi1taGBU

theory Sakuma

[2o07]

has

investigatedthe origins of the wuxing

_gebie

theory

in

Indian Buddhist texts.His

investigationrevealed that the

five-gotra

theory is

found

inthesatraiamkara-vrttibhasya

attributed toSthiramati,and

based

on this

finding

he

argued thattheYogacara school

did

not

_particularly

_pay

attention to this theory. However, except

fbr

some

commentaries on the Mahltyanastitrtilarpkara,

he

did

_not investigate_those _Indian

Buddhist

textswhich exist only

in

Tibetantranslation.

This

paper

fbcuses

on the SUtracommentaries of the Yogacara school which exist

only in Tibetan translationnamely; Asafiga'sBuddhanusmrti-vrtti,

Vasubandhu's

Buddhanusmrti-tikd,

and especially the

Aryaksayamatinirdes'a-tika

attributed to some

yogacara master who

lived

after Sthiramati.By examining the

five-gotm

theory

described

in

thesecommentaries, Iargue that the Yogacara school

did

_pay

attention to

the

five-gotra

theoryand

developed

it.

2. The

Buddha-nusmni-vrtti

and

the

Buddhanusmrti-tika

--

--Before examinationing the

development

ofthe

five-gotra

theory

in

theYogacaraschool, - 1217

(2)

(176)The

Development ofthe Five-GotTuTheory intheYogficara School

(OKADA)

inthissection I

briefly

explain

how

thistheorywas established.i) The

Buddhanusmrti-vrttiofAsahga and the Buddhanusmrti-tptcaof Vasubandhu are

_particularly

impertantin

thiscontext,

Concerning the object of Buddhist training

(vincya),2)

the Buddhanusm.rti-vrtti

comments thata

_person

who

does

not

_possess

any _{qualification}

(skal

ba

dari

mi

ldan

_pa,

'abhavya) _is

a

_person

who _possessesthe indeterminate

gotra

(rigs

ma nges _pa,

'antyata-gotra),

and a

_person

who _possessesa _{qualification}

(skal

ba

dari

tdan

pa,'bhavya) isa

person who _possessesone ofthe _gotraswithin the three vehicles. Hiscommentary also

mentions Buddhist training

fbr

a

_person

who _possessesthe indeterminate

gotra.3)

Therefbre,Asafigamaintains

four

typesof

_gotra,

and

he

does

not

discuss

a

_person

who

does

not _possessany

_gotra.

Incontrast, theBuddhanusmrti-ttkacomments thata

_person

who

does

not

_possess

any

qualification

isa

_person

who

does

not

_possess

any

_gotm

(rigs

med

_pa,

*a-gotru). The rest of

his

commententary is almost the same as the

Buddhanusm.rti-vrtti.4)

Therefore,Vasubandhu maintains

five

typesofgotras.

Accordingto

both

commentaries, we can tracetheorigin of the

five-gotra

theory in

the context of the object ofBuddhist training

in

theBaddhanusrnrti-tikaof Vasubandhu,

which

he

developed

based

on Asahga.

3. The

Arya-ks.

_{ayamatinirdes'a-pTkii}

The

Arya'-ks.

_{ayamatinirdes'a-ttka}

is

written

from

theviewpoint of theYogacaraschool and

it

cites many textsof thisschool.

As

Braarvig

[1993:

II,

lcxvii-cxxx]

has

pointed

out,

this

commentary

_quotes

not only

from

vasubandhu's works

but

also

from

Sthiramati's

works. ConsequentlM thistext

is

attributed to some Yogacara master after sthiramati.

Inthiscommentary the

description

ofthe

five-gotra

theory isas

fo11ows:

ANT

(Tib.)

D 111a2-5, P 135bl-6:

fies_pa

dafi

ma fies_paies

bya

ba

la

sogs

pa

la

rigsrnarn _c,,,,b,}palhaste

1

fianthos

kyi

rigs can

dafi

li)

rafi safis rgyas kyirigs can

dah

1

theg_pachen _po'i rigs can dah

1

rigs ma hes_padaii

1

rigs

medpa'o/1

delarigs med _pa'i_gafi_(D_m,3) zag _{p_i3sb3)rnams ni fiespaste

/

dedagtuthams cad

duiO

'khor

bar

gnaspargdonmi za

ba'i

_phyirro

11

theg_pa_gsum

du

fies_pa'irigs can ni ma fies_paste

1 dge

ba'i

bSes

gfiengyirkyen _gyismya _(p_i,,be)han

las

'das _par_yafi'gyur basna khams_gsum

du

_gnas_par

fieSPa(D i".4) med pa'iphyirro

1/

yafina rigscan rnam _pa_gsum nifies_paste

1

rah rah _githeg_palabrtennas _(,_,,,b,)'bras buthob

(3)

-The Japanese Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies

The Developrrientofthe Five-GotraTheory intheYogacaraSchool

(OKADA)

(l77)

pargdon mi za

ba'i

_phyirro

/1

ma fies_pa'irigscan ni ma fies_paste

1 dge

ba'i

bSes

_gfien_gyi

rkyen _gyistheg _pa_gar

btsud

_par'jug

citi

!

dge

_o ,,,,,)

ba'i

bges

gfien(, ,,,b,)

dafi

ma phradna

1

mya fian

las

'das _par'gyur

bar

chadili)_pamed _pa'i_phyirro

11

[)_om. _P,M_om. _P,tti}_tshad_P

Regardingthose who are isdetermined,those who are not determined

('ntyatantyata),

and

so on, the_gotruisof fivekinds,

[namely]

a _personwho _possessesthe_gotTuof theSrctvaka,the

gotraof the_{pratyekabuddha,}the_gotraof the mahdyana, theindeterminate_gotru,and a _person

who doesnot _possessany _gotru,

Inthese

[five

_gotras],_personswho

do

not _possessany _gotraare determined.Thisisbecause,in all cases, they are

determined

to stay insaiTisara. A _person who _possesses

[one

ofl the

determinate_gotraswithin the three vehicles isundeterrnined. Thisisbecausehewill also reach

nirva-n,a by virtue of a _good friend,thereforehe isundetermined whether he stays inthree

realm$ or not.

Moreoveg a _person who _possesses

[one

ofl threekindsof _gotrasisdetermined,Thisisbecause

heisdeterminedtoattain a _particularresult basedon each vehicle. A _personwho _possessesthe

indeterminate_gotrctisundetermined. This is

because

even though he isledto one of the

vehicles

by

virtue ofa _good

friend

and isinitiatedintothevehicle, if

he

does

not meet a _good

friend,

thereisno

destruction

at reaching nirvapa.

Thus, the

Aiyaksayamatinirdes'a-ti-ka

comments that the

_gotra

is

of

five

kinds.

Regardingthetopic

(fies

_pa

dafi

ma nes_pa,'ntyatantyata), thiscommentary

first

refers to

a

_person

who

does

not _possessany _gotraand a _person who _possessesone of the

_gotrc{s

within thethreevehicles. Then thecommentator mentions a

_person

who

_possesses

one of the

_gotras

within thethreevehicles and a

_person

who

possesses

the indeterminate

gotra,

The

diffbrence

inthese

perspectives

iswhat ismeant

by

'`deterrninate"

(fies

pa,

*ntyata),

which isthe topic of this comrnentry. Futhermore, since this commentary rnentions

five

_gotms

inanother

_place,5)

itcan

be

said that thiscommentary maintains

five

types ofgotras. This suggests thatthe

five-gotru

theory

in

theYogacara school was

developed

even after Vasubandhu and Sthiramati.

4.

Conclusion

The

five-gotra

theory isestablished inthe

lineage

from

AsathgatoVasubandhu, and as

the

_previous

study

has

_pointed

out, thistheory is

fbund

in the work attributed to

Sthiramati.Through the examination of the

description

of the

five-gotra

theory inthe

Satracommentaries, this_paper clarifies

that

the

description

of the

five-gotra

theory

is

also

fbund

in

the

Aryaksayamatinirdes'a-tika,

and thatthistheorywas

developed

inthe - ₁₂₁₉

(4)

The 　Japanese 　Association 　of 工ndian and _Buddhist 二_St二udies

（178） The 　Development 　ofthe 　Five−Gotra　Theory 　in　the　Yog互cara 　School （OKADA ）

Yog 互cdra 　school　after　Vasubandhu 　and 　Sthiramati，

Notes1

）Detailed　contents 　concerning 　the　establishment 　of　the　five−

gotra

　theory　in　Yogac 巨ra　school are　expected 　to　be　published　this　year（2016）in　the　MikkyO　

bunka

密教文化［

Journal

　of　esoteric

Buddhism _］2350r　236．

2）see　okada ［2013J ［2014］長）r　the　relationship 　between　the　ohject 　of　Buddhjst　training　and　the

concept 　ofgotra ，

3）BuAV （Tib．）D14a5 −b1，P17a3 −7、（

lpn

．　trans．）Nal（amikado ［2010：77］．

4）BuAT （Tib．）D58a1 −3，　P　72a8−

b4

，

0Pn

．　trans．）Nakamikado ［2008：124］．

5）ANT （Tib．）D145a5 −6，　P　177b4−5．

Primary 　Literatures　and 　AbbreViations

ANT BuAT BuAV Tib．

A

ワδ

k5ayamatinirdes

’

a−rr娠．（TibJ　D （no ．3994 ）cna1 −269a7，　P ［voL 　lo4］（no ．5495）ci　la1−

343a7．

BuddhCtnusrnrti一_重ika　of　Vasubandhu ．（Tib．_{）D （}no ．3987_）ngi　55b3 −63b5_、　P ［vol．104_］（no ，5487_）

ngi　69a6−79b8．

Bαdd｝艮δηusmr 亡’−vrtti　of　Asathga，（Tib．）D （no ．3982）ngi 　l　lb5−15a6，　P ［voL 　lo4ユ（no ．5482_）ngi

14al−18bl．

Tibetan　translation．

Secondary 　LiteratUres

Braarvig，　

Jens

．　1993．　AkSayamatinirdeSasiitra　2　vols ．　oslo：solum　Forlag．

Nakamikado 　Keiky6 中御門敬教，2008．“Seshin　saku 　Butsuzuinen　kδcha　wayaku 　kenkyii：Zenhan

　　bubun，　butsuju

’

g6　ni　motozukU 　sanj6 　

ky6tsa

　no　nenbutsu −

kan

”世親作『仏随念広註』和訳研

　　　究：前半部分・仏十号に基づく三乗共通の念仏観，BukkδDαlgα 5δgδkeη嫡

k

ウδ佛教大学総

　　　合研究紀要15：105− 130．

　　　　　．2010．“Mujaku　saku　Butsuzuinen　cha　to　Hδzuinen 　cha 　wayaku 　kenkya”無着作『仏随念註』

　　　と『法随念註亅和訳研究．　Bukkδ　DaigakU　sδ_gδ　kenlgrii　kiyδ佛教大学総合研究紀要 17：67−92．

Okada Eisaku．2013．“AgotrasthaintheBodhiSattvabhUmi：　The　Paripakapatala　and　the

　　BodhiSattvagu4apatala．” lnd

（igaku　Bukkyagaku　kenkyti印度学仏教学研究61 （3）：1204−1208．

　　　　　．2014．“

Buddhist　Training　of　Living　Beings　by　the　BodhiSattva　in　the　Bodhisattvabhami：

　　Focusing　_on　the　Salvation　ofthe 　Agotrastha．”lndogaku　Bukkyδ_gaku　kenlgtii印度学仏教学研究 62

　　　（3_）：1243−1247，

Sakuma 　Hidenori 佐久間秀範．2007．“Gosh6　

kakubetsu

　no　

genryif

　o　tazunete” 五姓格別の源流を

　　　訪ねて．　ln　K_αt_δ　Seiichi　hakase　koki　kinen　ronbunshU ：　Shingon　mikky δ　to　Nihon　

bunka

，　gekan加藤精

　　　一博士古稀記念論文集：真言密教と日本文化，下巻，265−305．Tokyo：Nonburusha ．

（This　_work 　_was 　_supported 　in　part　by　a　Grant−in−Aid　

fbr

　Scientific　Research　frorn　Mishima 　Kaiun

(5)

The JapaneseAssociation ofIndian andBuddhistStudies

The Development ofthe Five-GotruTheory intheYogachra _{School(OKADA)}

(179)

MemorialFoundation.)

Key words

five-gotrzi,

Aryaksayamatinirdes'aFika,

Buddha-nusmrtit,ika,Buddhdnusm,rtivrtti,Yogacara

(Part-tirne

Lecturer,Kyoto Universityl

EntrustedResearcherofthe InstituteofEsoteric BuddhistCulture,Koyasan University)

New

Publication

BDK

Tripitaka

Translation

Series

The

Collection

fbr

the

Propagation

and

Clarification

ofBuddhism

Volume

I

(Mng

fi

B-

--t)

Translated

by

Harumi

Hirano

Ziegler

15.6 × 23.1cm, 360

pp.,

\6,480

($60)

Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai,2015

(Society

for

thePromotion of Buddhism)

Vol.64 , No.3(2016)204岡田 英作「瑜伽行派における五種姓説の展開 ： 経典註釈書をもとに」

Journal

(175)

The

Development

of

the

Five-Gotra

Theory

in

the

Yogacara

School:

In

Accordance

the

Satra

Commentaries

OKADA

Eisaku

1,

Introduction

gotm,

discusses

parinirva-n.

types

(bodhi).

founded

by

itlee,

five

pratyekabuddha-gotra,

bodhisattva-gotra

(og

buddha-gotra,

lfi1taGBU

[2o07]

has

gebie

in

five-gotra

found

based

finding

he

did

particularly

pay

fbr

he

did

Buddhist

in

paper

fbcuses

Vasubandhu's

Buddhanusmrti-tikd,

Aryaksayamatinirdes'a-tika

lived

five-gotm

described

in

did

pay

five-gotra

developed

2.

The

Buddha-nusmni-vrtti

the

Buddhanusmrti-tika

development

five-gotra

in

(176)The

(OKADA)

briefly

how

particularly

(vincya),2)

Vol.64 , No.3(2016)204岡田英作「瑜伽行派における五種姓説の展開：経典註釈書をもとに」

_gotm,

_parinirva-n.

_gebie

_particularly

_pay

_pay

_particularly

_person

_possess

_pa,

_person

_person

_person

_gotra,

_person

_gotra.

_person

_possess

_person

_possess

_gotm

_pa,

_{ayamatinirdes'a-pTkii}

_quotes