1
-ࢣࣝࣅ࣮ࣀࡀၨ࠸ࡓ⌧ᐇ
࣮࣐࣎ࣝࢩ࢙ࡢཎసࡽぢࡓ࢜࣌ࣛࠗࣇ࢞ࣟࡢ⤖፧࠘ࡢ㠉᪂ᛶ
The real World revealed by Cherbino
The Innovation of Opera "The Marriage of Figaro"
from a comparative point of view with Beaumarchais's original Play
⏣ᮧ ⣖ኵ TAMURA Wakio
Mozart's opera buffa "The Marriage of Figaro" K.492 became a epoch-making work in the history of operas. The opera seria in the baroque era had formed a drama by expressing the various emotions of characters. However, in "The Marriage of Figaro", it is a blind "desire" that develop the play. The aria of Cherbino revealed this completely new dramatic principle. This study, through the comparison with Beaumarchais's original play, intends to clarify the meaning of "adaptation" of Da Ponte and Mozart., and to verify the decisive progress of "The Marriage of Figaro" that made the farewell to baroque operas.
Keyword
Mozart, opere seria, opera buffa, Le nozze di Figaro The Marriage of Figaro , Beaumarchais, Lorenzo da Ponte, emotion, desire
2
-㸯㸬࣮ࣔࢶࣝࢺࡢసရ
࣮ࣔࢶࣝࢺ Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart㸦1756-91㸧ࡀ⏕ᾭᡂࡋࡓసရࡣ 17 సရ ࡢࡰࡿࠋ௨ୗࠊ⾲㸯ࡒࢀࡽࡢసရࡢᡂ❧ᖺࠊస᭤ືᶵࢆグࡍ㸦≉䛻ᣦ♧䛜䛺䛔㝈䜚䚸 ௨ୗ䛾䝕䞊䝍䛿ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䠓䚸䠔䛻ᇶ䛵䛟㸧ࠋ ⾲㸯㸬࣮ࣔࢶࣝࢺࡢᡂࡉࢀࡓసရࡢᡂ❧ᖺస᭤ືᶵ 㸦㸯㸧 ࣛࢸࣥㄒ࣏ࠗࣟࣄ࢟ࣥࢺࢫ࠘ K.38 㹙䜲䞁䝖䝷䞊䝎䛸䠏ᖥ䠕᭤㹛 1767 䝄䝹䝒䝤䝹䜽Ꮫ䛾Ꮫᖺᮎ䛻ୖ₇䛩䜛䝷䝔䞁ㄒ䛾Ꮫᰯ䛸䛧䛶౫㢗䡡స᭤䛥䜜䛯䚹 㸦㸰㸧 ࢜࣌ࣛ㺃ࣈࢵࣇࠗぢ࡚ࡃࢀࡢ㤿㮵ፉ࠘ K.51㸦46a㸧㹙䝅䞁䝣䜷䝙䜰䛸䠏ᖥ㻞㻢᭤㹛 1768 䜸䞊䝇䝖䝸䜰ⓚᖇ䝶䞊䝊䝣ୡ㻶㼛㼟㼑㼜㼔䊡䠄 1741-90 䚸ᅾ 1965-90 䠅䛾౫㢗䛻䜘䜚స ᭤䛥䜜䛯䛜䚸䛥䜎䛦䜎䛺㝜ㅛ䡡ጉᐖ䛻䜘䜚䚸䜴䜱䞊䞁䛷ୖ₇䛥䜜䛪䛻⤊䛳䛯䚹 㸦㸱㸧 ࢪࣥࢢࢩࣗࣆ࣮ࣝࠗࣂࢫࢸࣥࣂࢫࢸ࢚ࣥࢾ࠘ K.50㸦46b㸧㹙䜲䞁䝖䝷 䞊䝎䛸䠍ᖥ㻝㻢᭤㹛 1768 స᭤䛾⤒⦋䛾ヲ⣽䛿᫂䛰䛜䚸䜴䜱䞊䞁䛾་ᖌ䝣䝷䞁䝒䡡䜰䞁䝖䞊䞁䡡䝯䝇䝯䝹㻲㼞㼍㼚㼦 㻭㼚㼠㼛㼚 㻹㼑㼟㼙㼑㼞䠄 1734-1815 䠅䛾౫㢗䛻䜘䜚స᭤䛥䜜䛯䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹 㸦㸲㸧 ࢜࣌ࣛ㺃ࢭ࣏ࣜࠗࣥࢺ⋤ࡢ࣑ࢺࣜࢲ࣮ࢸ࠘ K.87㸦74a㸧㹙ᗎ᭤䛸䠏ᖥ㻞㻡᭤㹛 1770 ᙜ䛾䜸䞊 䝇䝖䝸䜰 㡿䝭䝷䝜⥲╩䝣 䜱䝹䝭䜰䞁 ∖㻷㼍㼞㼘 㻶㼛㼟㼑㼜㼔 㻳㼞㼍㼒 㻲㼕㼞㼙㼕㼍㼚 䠄 1759-82 䠅䛻䜘䜚䚸䝭䝷䝜䛾㝆ㄌ⚍䛾䛯䜑䛻స᭤䜢౫㢗䛥䜜䛯䚹 㸦㸳㸧 ⓗࢭࣞࢼ࣮ࢱ ࠗࢩࣆ࣮࢜ࢿࡢክ࠘K.126 㹙ᗎ᭤䛸䠍ᖥ㻝㻞᭤㹛 1771 1772 ᖺ 㸰 ᖺ 㸯 ᭶ ண ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ྖ ᩍ ࢩ ࣗ ࣛ ࢸ ࣥ ࣂ ࢵ ࣁ Sigismund Christoph Graf von Schrattenbach 1698-1771 ᅾ 50 ࿘ᖺグᛕࡢࡓࡵస᭤ ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊྖᩍࡢ✺↛ࡢṚཤࡼࡾࠊୖ₇ࡣ୰Ṇࠋ⩣ᖺࠊࣄ࢚ࣟࢽ ࣒ࢫ㺃ࢥࣟࣞࢻ Hieronymus Colloredo㸦1732-1812㸧ࡢྖᩍ᪂௵⚃⏝ ᨵసࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊୖ₇ࡉࢀࡓグ㘓ࡣ࡞࠸࠸䛖䠄 5: 479-486 䠅䚹 㸦㸴㸧 ሙࢭࣞࢼ࣮ࢱࠗࣝࣂࡢࢫ࢝ࢽ࢜࠘K.111 㹙ᗎ᭤䛸䠎ᖥ㻟㻟᭤㹛 1771 䜴䜱䞊䞁⋤ᐊ䝬䝸䜰䡡䝔䝺䝆䜰ዪᖇ䛾ⓚᏊ䝣䜵䝹䝕䜱䝘䞁䝗බ㻲㼑㼞㼐㼕㼚㼍㼚㼐 㼢㼛㼚 㽡㼟㼠㼑㼞㼞㼑㼕㼏㼔䠄 1754-1806 䠅䛸䝰䝕䝘䛾䝧䜰䝖䝸䞊䝏䜵⋤㻼㼞㼕㼚㼏㼕㼜㼑㼟㼟㼍 㻹㼍㼞㼕㼍 㻮㼑㼍㼠㼞㼕㼏㼑 㼐㻓㻱㼟㼠㼑䠄 1750-1829 䠅䛾፧䛾䛯䜑䛻స᭤䛥䜜䛯⚃⚍䜸䝨䝷䚹 㸦㸵㸧 ࢜࣌ࣛ㺃ࢭࣜࠗࣝࢳ࢜㺃ࢩࢵࣛ࠘K.135 㹙ᗎ᭤䛸䠏ᖥ㻞㻟᭤㹛 1772 䛄䝫䞁䝔⋤䛾䝭䝖䝹䝎䞊䝔䛅䛾ୖ₇ᡂຌ䜢ཷ䛡䛶䚸 1773 ᖺ䛾ㅰ⫗⚍⏝䛸䛧䛶䚸䝭䝷䝜 䛛䜙స᭤䜢ጤკ䛥䜜䛯䜸䝨䝷䚹 㸦㸶㸧 ࢜࣌ࣛ㺃ࣈࢵࣇࠗഇࡢዪᗞᖌ࠘K.196 㹙ᗎ᭤䛸䠏ᖥ㻞㻤᭤㹛 1774 ࣑ࣗࣥ࣊ࣥࡢሙፗᴦ┘╩ࡀ⩣ᖺࡢㅰ⫗⚍ࡢࡓࡵὀᩥࡋࡓࡉࢀࡿࠋ㑅ᖇ ࣐ࢡࢩ࣑ࣜࣥ୕ୡ Joseph Maximilian III㸦1727-77㸧ࡽࡢጤკ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
5 -ࡢࢪࣗࢫ࣐࣮ጤࡡࡽࢀࡓ㸦㸴: 121-6㸧ࠋ
10 -࠶ࡿࠋࡣ࠸࠼ࠕ⾜Ⅽࡢᶍೌࠖ࠸࠺ྂ௦ࡢࢠࣜࢩࣕᝒࡢ㏫⾜ࢆពࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࢠࣜࢩࣕᝒࡀᶍೌࡋࡓ⾜Ⅽࡣࠕ㐠ࡢ㕲ᵔ❧ࡕྥ࠺ே㛫ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣⱥ㞝ࡢ⾜Ⅽࠖ ࡔࡗࡓࡢᑐࡋࠊࠗࣇ࢞ࣟࡢ⤖፧࡛࠘ࡣே㛫ୡ⏺ ᕳࡃḧᮃࡀࡧ㉳ࡇࡍ⾜Ⅽ࡞ࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡣࡸྂ௦ࡢⓗཎ⌮ࡣၥ㢟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࡢືⓗ࡞ᛶ᱁ࡀࠊឤ⾲⌧ࢆ⨶ ิࡍࡿࡔࡅࡢࣂࣟࢵࢡ㺃࢜࣌ࣛࡢỴᐃⓗ࡞Ỵูࢆ࿌ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠗࣇ࢞ࣟ࠘ࡢ୰ᚰࢸ࣮࣐ ࠗࣇ࢞ࣟࡢ⤖፧࠘ࡢཎືຊࡓࡿḧᮃࡣࠊࠕ⮬ศ࡛⮬ศࡀࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࡼ࠺࡞⾜ືࢆ ࡶ ࡓࡽ ࡍ ఱ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ࡑࢀ ࡣ ࠶ ࡓ ࡶ ࢩ ࣙ ࣮ ࣌ࣥ ࣁ ࢘ ࣮ Arthur Schopenhauer 㸦1788-1860㸧ࡢ࠸࠺ୡ⏺ࡢཎ⌮ࡓࡿࠕ┣┠ⓗ࡞ពᚿࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡼࢀࡤࠊୡ⏺ ࡣᚓయࡢ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ពⓗ࡞ពᚿࡼࡗ࡚⩻ᘝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࠋࡇࡢ࣐ࣟࣥὴࡢဴᏛࢆࣔ ࣮ࢶࣝࢺࡢ⨾Ꮫࡣඛࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢣࣝࣅ࣮ࣀࡣࠊ∖ࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢳ࢙࣮ࣜࢼࡣḧᮃ៰ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼࡽࡀࡇࡢࠕࡓࢃࡅࡓ ୍᪥ࠖࡢ㦁ືࡢཎືຊ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿព࡛ࠊᙼࡽࡀ㛤♧ࡋࡓࡢࡣḧᮃࡀ ᕳࡃሙࡋ ࡚ࡢ⌧ᐇࡔࡗࡓࠋࠗࣇ࢞ࣟࡢ⤖፧࠘ࢆὶࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࣜࣝ࡞⌧ᐇࡢ㛫࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ⏕ࡢ⌧ሙࡋ࡚ࡢ⌧ᐇࡣࠊࡓࡔḧᮃࡀᨭ㓄ࡍࡿࡔࡅࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⌧ ᐇࢆ⾪ࡁືࡍࡶࡢࡢ᰿ᗏḧᮃࡀ࠶ࡿࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ ࡽಶࡢ࠶ࡽࡺࡿࠕḧࠖࡀ⮬ᕫᙇࡋฟࡍࠊ♫ࡀෆ㒊ᔂቯࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ಶࡢⓎ⌧ࡋ࡚ࡢ┤᥋ⓗ㺃᰿※ⓗ࡞ḧᮃࢆࠊ࣮ࣔࢶࣝࢺࡣ㗦ࡃࡽ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡢྠࡌ ࡃࡽ࠸ࠊࡑࡢ༴㝤ᛶࢆࡶႥࡂࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡔࡽᙼࡣḟࡢ࢜࣌ࣛࠗࢻࣥ㺃ࢪࣦࣙࣥࢽ࠘ ࡛ࠊᡃḧࡢᶒࡶ࠸࠺ࡁ࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࢆฟࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢻࣥ㺃ࢪࣦࣙࣥ ࢽࡣࠊ᭱ᚋࠊ࠶ࡢୡࡢఫேࡼࡗ࡚ᆅ⊹㐃ࢀཤࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๓ᥖࡋࡓ ᡭ⣬ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࠕ⮬↛࡞ḧᮃࠖࡑࢀࢆ♫ࡍࡿไᗘࡋ࡚ࡢ⤖፧ࡘ࠸࡚࣮ࣔࢶࣝࢺ ࡀ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡢࢸ࣮࣐↓㛵ಀࡇࢁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠗࢻࣥ㺃ࢪࣦࣙࣥࢽ࡛࠘ ࡣࠕಶࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿḧᮃࡢⓎ㟢ࠖࠕಶࡀ♫ࡢ୰࡛࠶ࡿࡁጼࠖࡢⴱ⸨ࡀࠊ✲ᴟࡢࣦ࢙ࣞ ࡛ࣝᥥࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡋྠࡌࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠊ࡞ࡽࡠࠗࣇ࢞ࣟࡢ⤖፧࠘➃ࢆⓎ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡍ࡛࣮ࣔࢶࣝࢺࡣࡳࡎࡽࡢゎ⟅ࢆヨࡳ࡚ࡶ࠸ࡿ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡣࠊᐇࡣࠊ∖ኵே࠸࠺࢟ࣕࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࢆศᯒࡋ࡞ࡅࢀ ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿㄽ⪃ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ 㸫ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩୍ぴ㸫 㸦ⴭ⪅䡡⦅⪅䛾ጣ䛾䜰䝹䝣䜯䝧䝑䝖㡰㸧 㸯㸬ࣜࣄࣕࣝࢺ㺃ࣈࣞࢵࢳࣕࢵࣁ࣮࣮ࠗࣔࢶࣝࢺࢲ㺃࣏ࣥࢸ̿䛒䜛ฟ䛔䛾グ㘓࠘ᑠᒸ ♩Ꮚ㺃ᑠᒸ᫂⿱ヂࠊࣝࣇ࣮࣋ࢱ♫ࠊ2006 ᖺ㸬 㸰㸬࣐࣎࢜ࣝࢩ࢙ࠗࣇ࢞ࣟࡢ⤖፧࠘㎮㔝㝯ヂࠊᒾἼᩥᗜࠊ1952 ᖺ㸬
㸱㸬Bluce Alan Brown, W.A.Mozart: Così fan tutte. NewYork, Cambridge University Press, 1995. 㸲㸬ࢵࢸࣛ㺃ࢳࣕࣥࣃࠊࢹ࣮ࢺ࣐ࣝ㺃࣍ࣛࣥࢻ⦅࣮ࠗࣔࢶࣝࢺ ࣇ࢞ࣟࡢ⤖፧࠘
11
-ᡞཱྀᖾ⟇ࠊ␁ୖྖヂࠊ㡢ᴦஅ♫㸦ྡస䜸䝨䝷䡡䝤䝑䜽䝇䠍㸧ࠊ1987 ᖺ㸬 㸳㸬ᾏ⪁ἑᩄࠗ㉸㉺ࡢ㡪ࡁ ࣮ࣔࢶࣝࢺࡢసရୡ⏺࠘ᑠᏛ㤋ࠊ1999 ᖺ㸬
㸴㸬Franz Giegling, "Zu den Rezitativen von Mozarts Oper 'Titus,'" Mozarts-Jahrbuch 1967, Salzburg, 1968.
㸵㸬᳃ୗᮍ▱ୡ⦅ Mozart con grazia: A data book on Wolfgang Amadé Mozart.㸬 http://www.marimo.or.jp/~chezy/mozart/
㸶㸬࣮ࣔࢶࣝࢺࠗ᭩⡆㞟Ϭ࠘ᾏ⪁ἑᩄヂࠊⓑỈ♫ࠊ1995 ᖺ㸬
㸷㸬ࣟࣅࣥࢫ㺃ࣛࣥࢻࣥ㸦┘ಟ㸧࣮ࠗࣔࢶࣝࢺ࠘ᾏ⪁ἑᩄ┘ಟࠊᖹซ♫ࠊ1996 ᖺ㸬 10㸬⏣ᮧ⣖ኵࠗᩥࡋ࡚ࡢすὒ㡢ᴦࡢṌࡳ̿䜟䛯䛧᥈䛧䛾㡢ᴦ⨾Ꮫ䛾᪑̿࠘㡢ᴦஅ
♫ࠊ2012 ᖺ㸬
11㸬Alan Tyson, Mozart: Studies of the Autograph Scores. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987.
