S c i . R e p . Kanazawa U n i v . , Vo . l 1 7 , N o . 1 , p p . 1 7 ‑ 2 1 J u n e 1 9 7 2
Two.
皿PhotonAbsorption i n Anthracene
Koji CHIHARA* , MotoI HYODO , Toshiya SmOTANI and Aki r : a SAnO
De ρ ' a r t m e n t 0 1 Chemist η 1 , F a c u l t y 0 1 S c i e n c e , Kanazawa U n i v e r s i
か( R e c e i v e d May 3 0 , 1 9 7 2 )
A b s t r a c t We o b s e r v e d t h e t w o ‑ p h o t o n a b s o r p t i o n i n a n t h r a c e n e c r y s t a l b y u s i n g a r u b y l a s e r a s a l i g h t s o u r c e . The a b s o r p t i o n c r o s s s e c t i o n p e r m o l e c u l e w a s
邑
s t i m a t e da s σ10
‑52~10
‑53cm
4s e c p h o t o n
‑1,With t h e p r e s e n t a v a i l a b i l i t y i n t e n s e monochromatic s o u r c e o f r a d i a t i o n u t i l i z i n g o p t i c a l masers
,many t y p e s o f t h e m u l t i p o l e photon a b s o r p t i o n p r o c e s s e s i n g a s e s 1‑3)
,l i q u i d s 4)
,and s o l i d s
ト7 ) have been i n v e s t i g a t e d . I n i n t e n s e r a d i a t i o n f i e l d s
,Maxwell's e q u a t i o n s f o r a d i e l e c t r i c medium a r e no l o n g e r l i n e a r . Two‑photon a b s o r p t i o n i s a n o n l i n e a r phenomenon i n which two p h o t o n s a r e s i m u l t a n e o u s l y a b s o r b e d i n a n e l e c t r o n i c t r a n s i t i o n , e n e r g y b e i n g c o n s e r v e d o n l y between t h e e l e c t r o n i c system a n d t h e two p h o t o n s .
The two‑photon a b s o r p t i o n spectrum s h o u l d c o n t a i n a s much i n f o r m a t i o n s a b o u t a system a s d o e s t h e o r d i n a r y s i n g l e ‑ p h o t o n a b s o r p t i o n , b e c a u s e t h e s e l e c t i o n r u l e s a r e d i f f e r e n t ( e v e n ‑ p a r i t y t r a n s i t i o n s f o r two‑photon a b s o r p t i o n v e r s u s o d d ‑ p a r i t y t r a n s i t i o n s f o r s i n g l e ‑ p h o t o n a b s o p t i o n ) . Then t h e two methods o f t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n a r e complementary r a t h e r t h a n i d e n t i c a l . The change i n t . l J e s e l e c t i o n r u l e s may b e r e a d i l y r a t i o n a l i z e d by c o n s i d e r i n g t h e e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c i h t e r a c t i o n p o t e n t i a l f o r a c h a r g e d p a r t i c l e s
,which i s g i v e n by 8 )
H'
一一三‑mc P.A十( dL)A2
f , ' f f t ι
where A i s t h e v e c t o r p o t e n t i a l o f t h e r a d i t a t i o n f i e l d and P t h e momentum o p e r a t o r . Two‑photon t r a n s i t i o n s can t a k e p l a c e i n f i r s t o r d e r by means o f A 2 term o r i n s e c o n d o r d e r by t h e (p. A)9) t e r
m.As t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n o f t h e A 2 term t o t h e
* P r e s e n t a d d r e s s ; R e s 邑 a r c hI n s t i t u t e o f A p p l i e d E l e c t r i c i t y , H o k k a i d o U n i v e r s i t y , S a p p o r o , H o k k a i d o
1 7
1 8 K o j i CHIHARA , I I I I o t o i HYODO , T o s h i y a SH !O T A N I a n d A k i r a SADO two‑photon t r a n s i t i o n s i s t h e (p. A) term i n d u c e s
e x c i t a t i o n s v i a i n t e r m e d i a t e s t a t e s s o t h a t t h e i s c o n s e r v e d i n t h e e l e c t r o n i c t r a n s i t i o n
10)ーWe have i n γ e s t i g a t e d t h e g e n e r a t i o n o f t h e b l u e
f1u o r e s c e n t l i g h t around λb
ニ4500λbv 仙 ana n t h r a c e
田s i n g l e V v i t h
日d
1ig h t
,)r = 6 9 4 3 A
0 ,o f a l a s e r . The a n t h r a c e n e e x h i b i t s t h e s t r o n g
and 2 5 0 0 0 cm ‑1
,E x c i t a t i o n o f t h e a n t h r a c e n e
between 3 0 0 0 0 cm
‑1w i t h l i g h t a b s o r b e d i n t h i s
c
w a v e l e n g t h r a n g e g i v e s r i s e t o a b r i l l i a n t b l u e f l u o r e s c e n c e ( b a n d w i d t h c α . 8 0 0 which o r i g i n a t e s a t t h e l e v e l s around 4 5 0 0 A and t
Oe r m i n a t e s a t t h e ground s t a t e .
We haγe performed t h e f o l l o w i n g The a n t h r a c e n e s i n g l e c r y s t a l o f 0 0 5 cm t h i c k n e s s was mounted i n f r o n t o f t h e e n t r a n c e s l i t o f a q u a r t z s p e c t r o s c o p e
,and t h e l i g h t beam o f a l a s e r o u t p u t ) was f o c u s s ε d o n t o t h e s a m p l e . The r e d f i l t e r was mounted between t h e l a s e r and t h e a n t h r a c e n e i n o r d e r t o e l i m i n a t e t h e t h a t t h e b l u e r a n g e o f t h e stream r a d i a t i o n from t h e f l a s h lamp r e a c h e s t h e s a m p l e . The f l u o r ε s c e n c e o f t h e was l l s i n g t h e 1 n F i g o 1 , a o f t h e O l l t p u t i s p r e s e n t e d which
4358A
F i g . 1 . T h e f l u o r e s c e n t s p e c t r a o f a n t h r a c e n e i n d u c 邑 db y I
呂s e rb e
旦m ( l o w e r )
旦n d Hg a r c l a m p ( u p p e r )
T h e c e n t e r o f t h e p h o t o g r a p h i s F e a r c s p e c t r u m
was o b t a i n e d t h r e e
f1a s h e s (200μof t h e r e d The s p o t a t 6 9 4 3 A
r e s u l t s from t h e i n c i 。 d e n t ! a s e r Of i n t e r e s t i s t h e o b s e r v a t i o n o f t h e l i g h t around 4 5 0 0 A
,which i s c h a r 乳 c t e r i s t i c f o r t h e b l u e
f10 u r e s c e n c e o f t h e a n t h r a c e n e . T h i s f a c t 1 S e x p l i c i t from t h e l l p p e r s p e c t r u m i n d u c e d Hg a r c l a m p .
I n a secondεxperiment
,we have o b s e r v 吋 t h ed ε p e n d e n c e o f t h e f l u o r e s c e n t
on t h e i n c i d e n t The b a s i c e x p e r i m e n t a l d e s i g n i s shown i n
F i g . 2 . The f l u o r e s c e n c e i n d n c e d t h e l a s e r l i g h t i s d e t e c t e d by t h e p h o t o m u l t i p l i e r
( R ‑ 1 3 6 ) and t h e i n c i d e n t l i g h t i n t e n s i t y i s m o n i t o r e d by t h e p h o t o d i o d e ( 1 . S . , D 3 9 A ) .
The o f t h e p h o t o d i o d e and t h e photon
,u i t i p l i e r were d i s p l a y e d s i m u l t a n e o u s l y
on a d u a l beam s y n c h r o s c o p e . Load r e s i s t o r i n p h o t o m u l t i p l i e r c i r c u i t ( d e t e c t o r ) was
1 0 0 KQ and on 9 0 0 V . I n o r d e r t o smooth o u t t h e o f t h e f l u o r e s c e n c e
c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e ruby l a s e r we t h e c o n d e n s e r 0 . 0 0 1 μ F i n p a r a l l e l w l t h t h e
Two‑Photon Abso ゆが on
仇A n t h r a c e n e
。 ) 1 : 二 コ
L
斗)C
コ( 9 ) <こ::>
1 1
~ヨ(工);
dual beam synchroscope (H
工TACHI V
句1010)
(と);photod 土 ode ( L.S.D. 39A ) (3); photomultip1ier
(斗);
f
エlter ( dye solution ) (5); samp1e
(6); red filter
(7)
jneutral dens 土 七 y fil 七 er (8); ruby 1aser
(9); 1enses
F i g . 2 . A s c h e m a t i c d i a g r a m o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l a r r a n g e m e n t .
F i g . 3 . The t r a c e s o f t h e f l u o r e s c e n c e i n t e n s i t y a n d t h e e x c i t a t i o n i n t e n s i t y .
The u p p e r t r a c e i s t h e s i g n a l f r o m t h e l a s e r m o n i t o r . The l o w e r t r a c e i s t h e s i g n a l o f t h e f l u o r e s c e n c e . d u r a t i o n t i m e
……5 0 0 s e c / c m
s e n s i t i v i t y
…. . m o n i t o r 1 v o l t s / c m d e t e c t o r 0 . 2 v o l t s / c m
1 9
load r e s i s t o r . Load r e s i s t o r i n t h e photodiode c i r c u i t ( m o n i t o r ) was 1.KQ and imposed
on 9 V. The photodiode had a l s o t h e condenser 0.001μF i n order t o smooth t h e signa . l
Between t h e sample and t h e p h o t o ‑ m u l t i p l i e r
,t h e f i l t e r o f t h e dye s o l u t i o n was
K o j i CH lH ARA , M o t o i HYODO , T o s h i y a S Hl OTANI a n d A k i r a SADO
t o e ! i minate t h e s c a t t e r e d i n c i d e n t T h e r e f o r e we c o u l d a l l o w a d i r e c t q u a n t i t a t i v e c o m p a r i s i o n between t h e two s i g n a l s . The t r a c e s o f t h e s i g n a l s which we o b t a i n e d were shown i n F i g . 3 . The i n t e n s i t y o f t h e e x c i t i n g ! i g h t was c o n t r o l l e d by t h e n e u t r a l d e n s i t y f i l t e r s . I n F i g u r e 4 t h e
f1u o r e s c e n c e i n t e n s i t y h o b t a i n e d i n t h e b l u e p a r t o f t h e spectrum i s p l o t t e d a g a i n s t t h e s i g n a l i n t h e r e d which i s a d i r e c t measure o f i n t e n s i t y o f l i g h t i n c i d e n t on t h e c r y s t a L The e m p i r i c a l l i n e t h r o u g h o u r e x p e r i m e n t a l p o i n t s r e p r e s e n t s t h e q u a d r a t i c r e l a t i o n l t c c l r 2
,which I s a s t r o n g i n d i c a t i o n t h a t we a r e d e a l i n g w i t h a two‑photon p r o c e s s . From t h e c a l i b r a t i o n o f t h e p h o t o m u l t i p l i e r t h e number o f t h e b l u e f l u o r e s c e n t p h o t o n s c o u l d be e s t i m a t e d t o be 2
x 1 0 9 p h o t o n s . 2 0
///
///
n v