Vol.64 , No.3(2016)181伊澤 敦子「無言か,祭詞か？： 黄金のpurusaの両側に2つのsrucが置かれることについて」

The Japanese Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies

The JapaneseAssociation of Indian and Buddhist Studies

Joumal

oj'Indian

and BuddhistStudiesVol.64,No. 3,March 2016

(19)

In

Silence

or

with

a

Formula?

On

Laying

Down

of

the

Two

Offering

Ladles

to

Both

Sides

ofthe

_purvtsa

IzAwA

Atsuko

O.

In the Agnicayana, after

_placing

down

a

_golden

_purusa,

the two offering

ladles

(srucau)

i)

are

laid

down

before

the

_piling

of

bricks.

According to the Black Yajurveda

Sarhhitas

(YS),

the two

ladles

are made of udumbara wood

(U,

Ficus_glomerata)and

ka-rsmarya

wood

(K,

Gmelina

arborea),

fi11ed

with

dadhi

(curds)

and

dya

(a

kind

ofbutter),

and then

laid

down

north and south ofthe

_purusa

respectively. They are

identified

with several things,as

fo11ows:

North South

U= sky

(TS,

KS),arm

(KS),

_purusa K= earth

(TS,

KS),arm

(KS),

viroj

(MS),

strength

(TS,

KS,M5) = trunk

(KS)

_virdy'

(MS),

_vojra

(TS,

KS)

dadhi

--_cattle

_(TS),

_fbod

_(KS,

_{MS) lijya=vojra}

_(TS,

_{KS),Agni'sbody}

_(MS)

According to the "brahmarpa"

portion

of the TaittirTya-Sarhhita

(TSP)

they are

laid

down

insilence

(tuspim)

[vidhi

A].The MaitrayarpiSarhhita

(MSP),

however,

_prescribes

thattheone made of

karsmaiya

be

laid

down

with theverse inthe_gdyatriand theother

inthe trig;!ubh

[vidhi

B].The Kathaka-Sarhhita

(KSP)

isambiguous,

however,

because

it

includes

both

A and B.2)Thus,theTSPand the MSp seem tostand inopposition, and the

KSPappears to

be

ambivalent. The _purpose ofthis

_paper

is

to_consider the_{relationships} among thesetexts,

fbcusing

on theterm uisptm.

1. The information

from

the

Satapatha-Brahmarpa

(SB)

and the

SrautasUtras

(SrSa)

shows us a

different

aspect. According to

gB

7.4.1.41-42 and most of the

SrSa,

3) the

ladles

are

laid

down

with _yojus

(a

formula)

as well as with

_gdyatn-

and tristubh.Only the

- t

Baudhayana-SrSU

(BauSS)

is

consistent with theTSP.The

ka-r:s.marya

ladle

is

_placed

to

thesouth, thinking,

tyam

asi,and theudumbara

ladle

to the north, thinking,asjv czsiin

BauSS 10.30

(28,13-14),

Apastamba-SrSU

_(ApSS)

16.22A-7,

besides

mentioning the

-1os1-(20)

InSilenceorwithaFormula?

(IzAwA)

prescriptionof the TSP, suggests a choice to

lay

them

down

with

_yojus,

and worship

them with

_gdyatrf

and tris,

_tabh,

and itthen refers to the _prescriptionof other school

(presumably

from

the the MS).

Based on thisinfbrmation,the

descriptions

of the Sarhhitascould

be

interpreted

as

fo11ows:

although the MSP mentions only

_gltyatri

and tris,

_tubh,

the TSP isinterested in

only

_yojus,

saying that

he

(adhvaryu)

_puts

down

the

laddles

insilence,

for

he

should not

obtain them

(earth

and sky) with

_yag'us.

Therefbre,whether the two textsare opposed to

each other isuncertain. The KSP

prescription

seems tomix thoseofthe TSpand theMSP.

Itisnot,

however,

contradictory initselE

2. The "mantra"

portion

of theTS

(TSM)

and the MS" are clearly consistent with the

TSP and MSP respectivelM

based

on the

fact

thatthe TSm

does

not

have

_ycy'us,whereas

theMSM includes_gdyatri

[G],

trispubh

[T],

and

_ycv'us

[Y].

The KSM is

inconsistent

with the

Ksp,

for

the KSm includesthem all,as

does

the MSrn.

[Ga]

RV S.44,16,TS 4.4.4.la,4)KS 6.9

_(58,20-21),

KpS 4,8

(47,6-7),

MS 1,5,1

(65,8-9),

VS 13.14

(according

to

ApSS

16.22.s-7) agnir mardha-' divtihkaktit_{patthp,rthivyti}aydm

I

apdrn,rtitarnsi

jinvati

ll

Agniisthetopofthehead,the _peakof heaven;this

(Agni)

hereisIordofthe

earth. He _quickensthe sperms ofthe waters.

[Gb]

RV 8.75.4,TS 4.4.4.lc,5}KS 16.15

(239,6-7),

MS 2,7.15

(97,17),

VS 15,21

(according

toMSS

6,1.7,6,VarSS2.1.6.16)_aydmagnth sahasn'4o vaj'asya s'ati'nas_pdtih.

I

mardha-' kavi!raytrpdm

1l

4

1l

ThisAgni

here

isthelordof thethousandfbld_prize,ofthe

hundredfbld;

as sage _poetheis

the headof riches.

[T]

RV 10,8.6,TS 4.4A.ld,6)KS 16.15

(239,8-9),

MS 2.7.15

(98,2-3),

VS 13.15

(according

to

ApSS

1622.5-7,MSS 6,1.7.6,VarSS 2.1.6.16)bhtivo_yag'n-dsyarojasaS ca neta`_ya'tra-ntyudbhih.sdcase

s'ivtibhih.

I

divimtirdha-'namdadhis.esvarsa-imjihva-'m agne caig:s.e

haryavdharn

11

6

Il

Youare the

leader

ofthe sacrificeand of airy space, where _you are accompanied by_yourkindlyteams

of horses.Inheaven,_youhaveset the topofthe

head,

which wins the sun's light.You have

made _yourtonguetobetheconveyor ofoblations, oAgni. ')

'

[Yi]

MS 2.7.15

(98,1),

KS 16.15

(239,5),

VS 13.13agne's,

tva-

toj'asasa'daya'Tni.t(lyadevtitayafigirasvdd

dhruva/

srda.With Agni's_glow,Isettle _you.With that

divinity;

sitfirmlikeAhgiras,

[\2]

MS 2.7.15

(98,4),

KS 16.15

(239,5),

V5 13.14indrasyatvdiijasasadaya-mi,tctya

devtitaydngirasvdd

dhruva!

slda.with Indra'svigoug Isettle _you.With that

divinity,

sit

firm

like

Ahgiras.

Tsp,Baugs,

jLpSs

[s]

ApSs,

HSs

[yi-

y2-Ga-T] KSrn

[Yi-YZ-Gb

-T] KSP

[S-G-T]

Msm,Mgs,

(ApSs)

[Gb

-yi-T -y2] Msp,varSs

[Gb

-T]

vs,

SB,

KSS

[Y"-Ga-Y2-T]

S=tiisptm,G-gdyatn-,T-

_astubh,Y

= yojus

-The Japanese Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies

The JapaneseAssociation of Indian and Buddhist Studies

InSilenceorwitha Formula?

(IzAwA)

(21)

3.

Inthe Sarinhitas,theterm tusnim8)occurs not

frequently"):

in

the

RY

itapperars

just

once

(2.43.3),

intheTS,16occurrences in12

_places,

and intheMS, 10occurrences

in8

_places.

Inthe KS,

it

occurs only 3 times

in

2

_places,

one of which

is

the

place

in

question.

The other one

(2

times)

has

corresponding

parts

intheother texts

(TS

2.6.4.2,

MS 4.1.10

[13,13],

KS 25.4

[104,14-16],

KpS 39.1

[212,9-10],

gB

1.2.4.21);intheNew and

Full-rnoonsacrifices, thestambayqius

(a

bunch

of

_grass

cut with a spltya) iscarried away

from

the altar

(vedi)

with

_yojus

threetimes, inorder to

drive

the enemy

from

these

three worlds, and in silence

for

the

fourth

time,to exclude the enemy

frorn

the unmeasured. According to TS 6.4.11.2-3 and MS 4.6.4

(83,15),

the

_gods

drew

the

cups

(Ts)

or spreaded thesacrifice

(MS)

in

silence, and took

back

vdic, that

had

departed

frorn

them. Tasnim also indicatesthe

future

(T5

6.1.9.5-6),anirukta

(unuttered.

TS 6,2,7,3), and isoften

_paired

with

_yag'us

(TS

2.6.4.2,2.6.6.3,6.1.9.5-6,6.2.1.6,6.2.7.3,6.4.4.2).

The effects oftasnim are as

fo11ows:

therevelation ofthe sacrifice

(TS

2.5.11.3,6.3.7.2),

the

_gods

took the sacrifice

from

Asuras

(TS

6.3.7.2),and so on. The negative usage of

tuspimis

fbund

_just

in

one _place:

if

he

(adhvaryu)

were to sit in silence, the sacrifice

would not

_proceed

(TS

2.6.9.2).In MS 4.8.4

(110,10),

aspim

_plays

the role of causing

detrimental

outcomes

fbr

enemies. 'e)

Ttisptmand manasa are sometimes regarded as thesame. InMS 1.8.5

(121,3),

tas4im is

identifiedand _pairedwith manasa, while vac isidentifiedand _pairedwithyeq'us.i'} Ks 27.9

(149,2-3)

uses the term manasa insteadofnispim,which isadopted inTS 6.4.11.2-3 and MS 4,6,4

(83,ls).

i2)

There are two examples of the usage

fbr

hot.r:

(hot.r)

invokesIda silently

(MS

4.2.7

[28,5]),

tusptrks'arksa

(silent

recitation

by

hot.r)

(MS

4.6.1

[78,6]).

4. The results of this

investigation

lead

one to the conclusion that,while the

Maitrayaniya school

directs

the

laying

ofthe

ladles

withyojus,

gdyatri,

and tris;ubh,the Taittiriyaschool emphasizes taspim without

_ycyJus.

That accords with the tendency of

the TS to contrast taspim with _ycijus,and to

_promise

the specific effectiveness of the

tuspim.Note thatthe

SrSa

of theTaittiriyaschool

do

not always

fo11ow

the TS,except

for

the BauSS,The situation supported

by

the Katha school iscomplicated. Although

the KSM

includes

_gdyatri

and tristubh,as well as_yajus,theKSP

directs

thesilence, without

admitting theeffectiveness of the

_ycgus,

thatis,theK5P

does

not seem toallow

to

use

theyojus.

-(22)

InSilenceor with aFormula?

(IzAwA)

As shown insection 4,

_asnim

is

_generally

_paired

withyojus, and occupies outside the range ofyeq-us: aparimita, anirakta, etc.,

but

is

not opposed to

_yag'us.

Inthisrespect, the

statement of theTS and the KS in

_questien

is

_peculiag

and iscontrary tothe MS,

SB,

and most of the

SrSa.

Thistype of case isalso

found

jn

other

_places:

theTSpand the KSp

disagree

with the

MSP and the

SB,

whereas theKS

has

no consjstency

between

theKSrnand theKSp.i3)

Notes1)

Forsrucinthe New and Full-moon sarifices,seeTsuchiyama 1979:144-145. 2) TS 5.2.7.3-s snicdv tipadadha-ty.Clbiasya_ptirn,a"rn karsmaryamclyimdadhndh_ptirtidmdudumban'm.

tydirp

vdi

karsmaryamdyy,asdv atidumbarfme' ev6pa

dhatte,

ll

3

11

tiigipimtipadadhati,nd hime'ydympdptumdrhati,

ddksin.a-m.

karsmaryamctyimtittaramdudurnban'm,.tdsma-d asyd ctsdv tittardyasya_ptirri6m.

tt

kdrsma,yamdyim,.vcijrova-_q-ly'arp,voj'rah

karsmaTyb,

voj'rerpaiva'_yag'nNdsya

daksin,

at6 ra'ks,aihsy dpahanti.

1 1

dadhnah_parutamdudumban-m._paSavo vdi

dddlbL

tirgudumba'rah. _pas'u'syev6ijaTrt dadhati._pUrTteu'pa

dadhati._parne'evat'nam

1l

4

11

arntismin

lokd

tipattsghete.virdy agnis'cetaicydiityahuh.snig vdi vir6d.._ytit snica-v upadddha'ti, vireiiy_{evtignim,cinute,}

He _putsdown two offlering ladles,one rnade of karsrnaryaand fu11of butter,one of udurnbara and

fu11of curds; That made of kargmaryaisthis

(earth),

that of udambara is_yonder

(sky);

verily

he

deposits

thesetwo

(earth

and sky)

(3).

Insilence

(msrpim)

he_puts

(them)

down,fbrheshuld not

obtain them with _yojus;the harsmaryaladleon the south, the _udurnbara ladle_on the_north;

therefore is_yonder

_(sky)

higher

than this

(earth);

thekdirpmaTyaladlefu11of butter,the butteris vojra, the

karsmarya

isvag'ra;verily by vojra hesmites away _theRaksases

from

_{the south of the} sacrifice; the udumbaTu ladlefu11of curds, curds are cattle,theudumbara isstrength; verily

he

confers strength upon _cattle.He _puts

(them)

down

fi11ed;

verily

fi11ed

theywait on

him

(4)

in yonder world, "`In thevirojJshould the fire

be

_piled,"theysay;thevirdy'i'stheladle;inthathe_puts

down

two

ladles,

he_pilesAgniinthevirjli',

(Based

on Keith 1967:411)

MS 3.2.6

(24,3-13)

dthaite'sru'cau. harsmaryamdyim,daksi4atdbsaddyati.ra'ks,asam dipahatyai.

daksin,

at6

va'i

deva'naTh

_yojnkdthra'ks.athsy _{ag'ighdthsaths,}tdni kapma,)ib4aiva-'paghnata,_ya't

kdrsmaTyamclyirp

daksin.atdh sadcfyati, rdksasam dpahatyai._{ghrtdsyaptirTtti}bhavatyegtiva"agne'h,_prtydtantirydd _gh,rtdrp.

prtyclyaivainarpta'nvftsdmardhctyati._gdyatrydsa-dctyatt taj'ovdi _gdyatrfbrahmcrvarcasdm.taj'aevd

brahmavarcctsdm

dvarunddha-.a'udumbartm uttaratdh saddyati. dadhndlp_parndm.

ting

vd udumbdr6, 'nnarrt

tt

dddlDL

_op'y

aviisyannamdadha'ti,trisptibhasadayaty.

ojo

vdi viryaiTi tristiib.

oja

evd vi,ydim dvarunddhe. parTiisadayaljL dksite_{yeq'arnanalokctm}tipatpthete.mardhanvdtfblryath sadayati. mardhaayb lsa-nfti.virdy agnis'cetavlya'itydhuh.snicau vdivirdy'au.ydt snicd upadddhatt virdy'iva'_{etddagnis'ctyati.}

Then these two ofTering

ladles

[are

employed]. He settles down one made of

karsmarya

on the south,

for

smiting away of theRaksases.The Raksasesdesiredto harrnthe sacrifice of _{the gods}

from

thesouth. They

(the

_gods) srnote away them

(the

Raksases)with the kdirsmarya;inthathe settles the

ka-rsmarya

ladle

on the south, itisforsmiting away of the Raksases.Itisfi11ed_with

-The Japanese Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies

The JapaneseAssociation of Indian and Buddhist Studies

InSilenceorwithaFormula?

(IzAwA)

(23)

butter.The butteristhisAgni'sown body;verily with hisown body

he

(adhvaryu)

makes him

(Agni)

complete. With _gdyatrihe settles

(it)

down.Gdyatriis

glow,

divine

glory

verilyheencloses

glow,

divine

glory.He settles one made of udumbara,

fu11

of curds on the north, udumbara is strength, curds are food;verily he confers hisfoodupon strength. With tris,tubh

he

settles

(it)

down.

Tastubh isvigoug manliness, verily heencloses vigour, manliness. He settles

(them)

down

fiIled;undecayed they approach theworld of the sacrificer.He settles

(them)

down

with thetJwo verses, containing theword rntirdhan. "`I will

be

on the

head,"

[he

thinks,]"In thevirdy'should Agni

be

_piled,"they say; the two virojas are the two ladles;inthat he_putsdown two ladles,Agni is_piled

here

intheviroj.

KS 20.5

(23,19-24,9),

KpS 31.7

(154,20-155,6)

sruca[i]upadadhatime evaitad upadhatte.

as4im

upadadha'ti. na himeyojus,aptumarhaty. atrnavai _puruso.

ba"ha

srucau, _yatsruca-[2] upadadha'ti, satmatvdya. daksin,ato vai devanarpraksa'm"_syahutirnis,ka-vamadaths.[3]tanika'rs,maryerpantaradadhata.(`] yatkarsmaryamayimdaksin, ata upadadhati, raksctsam antarhityai

11

_{ghrtenaparayati.}vojro vai karsmaryo.

vay'ro _ghrtam. vqira eva vcijraip dadhati._{gdyatryopadadhdti.gayatro} va agnir _{gdyatracchandas.} svenaivainarrt chandasa saTnardhayati. dadhnaudumbanJm,_ptirttyaty.annarp vai dad}Dntingudumbaro. 'nna evou'arp dadha-ti,tn's,gttbhopadadhaty,aindrf vai tristub.annam indriyam,indrtyam evdinnaclyam

ctvarunddha.

tyarp

vai karsmaryamay>Lasa[S]audumbarit _yadaudurnban-m uttara'm upadadhati, tasmad

asa-[6]asya uttard. mardhanvati. mUrdhaivaitablryai?i krtyate.virojy agnis' cetavyas. srug vai virad. _yat sruca[']upadadhati, viroj'yevagnin cinute

l1

s

ll

KapS : [i]srucav [2]srucav [3]

daksin.ato

vai

deva-na-m.

_yojn'arriraksathsy ahutirnis,ka'vam adaths

[`]

ka-rs.

maryerpapaghnata [S]asav [6]asa'v[7]srucav

,

He _putsdown two offering ladles;verily he_putsdown these two fbrhirnselfInsilence

(dspirrt)

he

puts

(them)

down,

fbrheshuld not obtain them withyeq'us, The _purusaisbodMThe two Iaddlesare two armes; inthathe_putsthetwo ladles,itis

for

being

togetherwith _a

body.

_{On the south} the

Raksasestoreand ate oblations of the_gods.He obstructs thern

(the

Rak$ases)with

karsmarya;

in

that

he

_puts

down

one made of

karsmai

_yaon thesouth, itisfbrobstructing of theRaksases.He fi11s

itwith

butter.

The

karsmarya

isvojra, the

butter

isvojra; verily

he

confers vojraupon vojra,With

gdyatri

he

puts

(it)

down.

Agniisconnected with _gdyatri,relatestothe_getyatrimetre; verilywith

his

(Agni's)

own metre he

(adhvaryu)

makes him

(Agni)

complete. He fi11sthe udumbara ladlewith

curds, curds are

fbod,

theudumbara isstrength; verily

he

confers strength upon

fbod,

With tristubh

he_puts

(it)

down.tris,_tubhisconnected with Indra.Food is_power

belonging

toIndra;verily

he

encloses _power,

food,

The karsmaryaladleisthis

(earth),

theudumbara

ladle

is_yonder

(sky):

inthat he _putsdown the udumbara ladleon the north, therefore, _yonder

(sky)

ishigherthan this

(earth).

The two verses, containing theword _mardhan

[are

_employed]; verily a headismade fbrthese two.

Inthe virojshould Agni

be

_piled.The virag'isthe ladle;inthathe_puts

down

two ladles,he_piles Agni inthe viroj. 3) HSS 11.7.24-25,Vadhala

SS

8.21.2-17,MSS 6.1.7,6,VarSS 2.1.7.16,KSS 17.4.12-13. 4) TS 4.4.4.1istheverses

fbr

_tstakds

called chandasya, which are _piledinthe

fifth

layerofthenewAhavaniya. s) 5eenote4. 6) 5eenote4. 7) ThetranslationsofRV

8.44.16,8.75.4,10.8.6are

based

onJamison and Brereton2014, vol, 2:1117,1171,vol. 3:1379.

-(24)

InSilenceorwithaFormula?

(IzAwA)

8) On silence including thetermtus"fm,see Renou 1949;11-18. 9) The similar terrrimanasa

appears rnuch more

frequently

IntheRNCrnore than 100occurencess, and intheBlackYS,more thansooccurences ineach text. 10)Manasa isalso used forthesame _purpose,especially often inthe MS

(MS

IA.13

[63,14],

1.6,3

[92,12-13],

2.5,8

[58,17],

3.1.9

[12,18-19],

3.6.7

[69,4],

KS 19.10

[12,4]).

11) InKS 6.5

(54,2-3),

KpS 4,4

(41,15-16),

however,

nirukta is_pairedwith anirukta, and

yojus.a'ispairedwith manasa. 12) Manasa', however,isused more frequently_{and widely} in meaning than isdisuim,Itindicates

both

cases: tothink_yojusinmind, and without _yojus.

13) For example: befbre_pilingthe new Ahavaniya

(AgnD,

_the sand, representing sperm, is scattered, The next _processdifferswith texts,TS s,2.6.1-4and KS 20.4N KpS 31,6prescribethatthe

sand beseparated after beingencircled with _gravel,representing the womb. InMS 3.2.Sand

SB

7.3.1.27-46,

however,

itseems thatthe sand isseparated without beingencircled with _graveL According totheTS and K5 " KpS,ifthe_adhvaTyu desires_{of a man} tobe_{without cattle,} then he

should separate thesand without _gravel

for

theman. Bibliography

Eggeling,

_Julius,

1894. The

Satapatha-Brahmagea,

JII.The Sacred Books of the East 41. 0xford:

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(Part-time

Lecturer,Chuo University;PhD)