㛗┤㸦 1945㸧ࠗ First Lessons in Nippongo ࠘ࡢᡂ❧ᒎ㛤
̿㛗┤ࡢᡓ୰࣭ᡓᚋ̿
Ἑ㊰ ⏤ె
ࡣࡌࡵ
1. ࠗFirst Lessons in Nippongo࠘ࡢホ౯⨨ࡅ 2. ࠗFLN࠘ࡢึ∧㸦1945㸧ࡢᡂ❧
2.1. 㛗┤Substitution Table㸦⨨⾲㸧ࡢฟ࠸
2.2. ⱥᏐ㐌หㄅ㐃㍕ࡉࢀࡓࠕElementary Japanese Courseࠖ
2.3. ࠕElementary Japanese CourseࠖࡽࠗFLN࠘
2.4. 㛗┤ࡼࡿࠕࡲ࠼ࡀࡁࠖὸ㔝㭯Ꮚࡼࡿ᭩ホ
3. ᡓ୰ࡢࠗFLN࠘ࡢᮾ༡ࢪྥࡅ⩻ヂ∧ฟ∧ィ⏬
4. ᡓᚋࡢ∧1952ᖺࡢᨵゞ∧ࠗFirst Lessons in Japanese࠘
4.1. ᡓத୰ࡢึ∧ྠࡌ⣬ᆺࡼࡿᡓᚋࡢ∧
4.2. 1952ᖺࡢᨵゞ∧ࡢẚ㍑
5. 㛗┤ࡢᡓ๓࣭ᡓ୰࣭ᡓᚋ
࠾ࢃࡾ
ࡣࡌࡵ
㛗┤ࠗFirst Lessons in Nippongo࠘㸦௨ୗࠗFLN࠘㸧ࡣࠊኴᖹὒᡓதࡢᮎᮇࠊ1945ᖺ2᭶
Ⓨ⾜ࡉࢀࡓⱥㄒࡼࡿ᪥ᮏㄒࡢධ㛛᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽ༙ᖺᚋ᪥ᮏࡣ࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝࢆཷㅙ ࡋࠊᡓத≧ែࡣ⤊⤖ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ༙ᖺᚋࠊࠗFLN࠘ࡣ᪥ᮏෆእࡢࡁ࡞≧ἣኚࡶࢃࡽࡎྠ
ࡌ⣬ᆺࢆ⏝࠸࡚∧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ∧ࢆ㔜ࡡࠊ1952ᖺ࣮࣐ࣟᏐࡢࡘ࡙ࡾ᪉࡞ࢆᨵゞࠊࠗFirst Lessons in Japanese࠘ᨵ㢟ࡉࢀ࡚ࡉࡽ∧ࢆ㔜ࡡࡓࠋ㛗┤㸦1894㸫1973㸧ࡢⴭసࡢ୰࡛
ࡶ᭱ࡶ㛗ࡃࢃࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥࡛ࡣ⾜ື⩏ࡸᵓ㐀⩏ࡼࡗ࡚⌮ㄽⓗࡅ
ࡽࢀࡿSubstitution Table㸦⨨⾲㸧ࢆࡋ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓᩍᮦ࡛ࠊ㛗┤ࡣࠊྠࡌ᪉ἲࢆ
ⱥㄒᩍ⫱ᛂ⏝ࡋࡓᩍᮦࡶసᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸯㸧ࠋSubstitution Table ࡣࠊ㛗┤ࡀࡑࡢእᅜㄒᩍ
⫱ᚑࡋࡓึࡵᙉ࠸༳㇟ࢆཷࡅࠊ⏕ᾭࢃࡓࡗ࡚ࡑࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶ά⏝ࡋ⥆ࡅࡓࡶ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠗFLN࠘ࡢ≉Ⰽὀ┠ࡋࠊᡓ๓‽ഛࡉࢀࠊᡓ୰࣭ᡓᚋࢃࡓࡗ࡚
Ⓨ⾜ࡉࢀࡓࡇࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ㛗┤ࡢᡓ๓࣭ᡓ୰࣭ᡓᚋࡢࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠋᅇ᪂ࡓ
㛗┤ࡀᡓத୰᭩࠸ࡓ⮬➹ࡢࣀ࣮ࢺࡀⓎぢࡉࢀࠊ㛗┤ࡢᡓத୰ࡢィ⏬ࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ ࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰ࠕ18ᖺ6᭶ࠖࡢ᪥࡛ࠗFLN࠘ࡢᮾ༡ࢪ⏝ࡢ⩻ヂ∧ࡢฟ∧ィ⏬ࡶ᭩ࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆᡭࡾࠊ㛗┤ࡢࡇࢀࡲ࡛▱ࡽࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ୍㠃ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࠊࡑ ࡢ⏕ᾭࢆ㈏࠸ࡓᩍᮦࠊSubstitution Tablesࡸࡑࢀࢆࡗࡓᩍᤵἲࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋࠊᡓ๓࣭ᡓ୰࣭
ᡓᚋࢆ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⪅ࡋ࡚⏕ࡁࡓ㛗┤ࡢᯝࡓࡋࡓᙺࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࠋ
ࠗ)LUVW/HVVRQVLQ1LSSRQJR࠘ࡢホ౯⨨ࡅ
ࠗFirst Lessons in Nippongo࠘ࡣࠊ1997ᖺ(㈈)ゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱㈨ᩱྀ᭩
้ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ➨1ᅇࡋ࡚ࠊ㛗┤㸦1931㸫34㸧ࠗᶆ‽᪥ᮏㄒㆫᮏ㸦ᕳ୍㹼ᕳ㸧࠘ྠ
้ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ้ࢃࡗࡓᒣୗ⚽㞝ࡽࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢෆᐜࡘ࠸࡚ࡢศᯒࡸホ౯ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ✏ࡢ㆟ㄽඛࡔࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽඛ⾜◊✲ࢆཧ⪃ࠗFLN࠘ࡢෆᐜホ౯ࠊ᪥ⓗ࡞
⨨࡙ࡅࡘ࠸࡚ࡲࡵ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ
ࠗFLN࠘ࡣ50ㄢࡼࡿB㸴ุ219㡫ࡢᏊ࡛ࠊ1ㄢ࠶ࡓࡾ㸲࣮࣌ࢪࢆᇶ‽⦅㞟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ᪥ᮏㄒࡣ࣮࣐ࣟᏐ࡛⾲グࡉࢀࠊゎㄝ➼ࡣⱥㄒࡼࡗ࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢㄢ ࡣࠊSubstitution Table㸦⨨⾲㸧ࠊVocabulary㸦ㄒᙡ㸧, Grammar and Construction㸦ᩥἲᩥ
ᆺ㸧ࠊࡑࡋ࡚Exercise(⦎⩦ၥ㢟)ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࠊᕳᮎ⦎⩦ၥ㢟ࡢ⟅࠼ࡀࡲࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Substitution Table ࡤࢀࡿ⨨⾲ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢㄢࡢࡓࡿࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡀ᫆ࡽ
㞴ࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡽ㡰୪ࡽࢀࡓᩥᆺ⦎⩦⏝ࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕSubstitution Tableࠖࡢ
ࡋ࡚ࠊࠗFLN࠘ࡢ➨୍ㄢࢆୗ♧ࡍࠋ
Kore wa Sore wa Are wa
hon des’.
empits’ des’ ka㸽 Kami dewa arimasen.
ࡇࡢ⾲ࡢୗᕥྑࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓ㸷ࡘࡢᩥ㸦㸳ࡘࡎࡘࡢሙྜࡣ25ࡢᩥ㸧ࡀᕥഃࠊࡑࡢ ⱥヂࡀྑഃ୪ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⱥᩥࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽ┦ᙜࡍࡿ᪥ᮏㄒࢆࢸ࣏ࣥࡼࡃゝ࠼ࡿࡲ࡛⦎⩦ࡍ
ࡿ࠸࠺᪉ἲ࡛ࢃࢀࡓ[ᒣୗ1997a:111̺112]ࠋ
ࠗFLN࠘ࡢෆᐜࡢ㦵᱁࡞ࡿᩥᆺࢩࣛࣂࢫࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㛵ṇ㸦1997㸧ࡀศᯒࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࠕ
᪥ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⛉᭩ࡢᩥἲࢩࣛࣂࢫࢇᕪࡢ࡞࠸ࣞ࣋ࣝ㐩ࡋ࡚ࠖ࠸ࡿᣦࡋࠊࠕ㛗ࡢ
ᩥἲࡣࡑࢀࡔࡅゝㄒ⛉Ꮫࡋ࡚ࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞౯್ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡢドᕥࡶ࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠖ
ホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㛗┤ࡣࡑࡢ᭱ึࡢయ⣔ⓗ࡞᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⛉᭩ࠗᶆ‽᪥ᮏㄒㆫᮏ࠘ᕳ㸦1931㸫1934㸧ࡢࢢ
࣐࣮ࣛࣀ࣮ࢺ㸰㸧ࠗFLN࠘ࡢ Grammar and Construction ࢆᡓᚋࡉࡽᨵⰋⓎᒎࡉࡏ࡚
ࠗGrammar and Glossary࠘㸦1950㸧ࢆⴭࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ㛗┤ࡢࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ᩥἲࠖࡢ㞟
ᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ㛵ṇࡣ1960ᖺ௦ࡽ1970ᖺ௦ࡅ࡚⦅⧩ࡉࢀࡓከࡃࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⛉᭩ࡣࠊࡇ ࡢᩥἲゎㄝೌࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㏙࡚࠸ࡿ[㛵1997㸸26]ࠋ
㛵㸦1997㸧ࡣࡲࡓࠊ㛗┤ࡢࠗFLN࠘ぢࡽࢀࡿࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ᩥἲࠖࡀࠊ19ୡ⣖༙ࡤࡽ
19ୡ⣖ᮎࡅ࡚ά㌍ࡋࡓ࣍ࣇ࣐ࣥࡸ࣮࢜ࣝࢥࢵࢡࠊS㸬R㸬ࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࠊ࣮ࢿࢫࢺ࣭ࢧࢺ࢘ࠊ ࢳ࢙ࣥࣂࣞࣥ࡞Ḣ⡿ேࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ◊✲⪅ࡼࡿ◊✲ᡂᯝࢆ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࡶࡑࡢ≉Ⰽᣲࡆ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠗFLN࠘ᇳ➹ࡣࠊ㛗┤ࡣᡓᮇࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᬑཬࡢᐇົᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡗࡓ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆
ࡢᖖ௵⌮ව⥲࡛ࠊ≉ࡑࡢ◊✲㒊ࡢ㈐௵⪅ࡋ࡚ᩍᖌ⏝ࡢ◊✲᭩ࡸᏛ⩦⪅⏝ࡢᩍᮦࠊࡑ ࡢᩍᖌ⏝ཧ⪃᭩࡞ࡢసᡂ୰ᚰⓗ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢᮇࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᬑཬᴗࡣࠊከ ࡃࡢゝㄒᏛ⪅ࠊᅜㄒᏛ⪅ࡸᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࢆࡶືဨࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ㛗┤ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓேࠎ
΅ࡋ㐃⤡ࢆࡗ࡚ᴗࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊሗࡸពぢࡢᶵࡣᜨࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࠗFLN࠘
ࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࡢࡶᡂ❧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
Substitution Tableࡼࡿ⦎⩦ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊḟ❶࡛♧ࡍࡼ࠺㛗⮬㌟ࠊࣁࣟࣝࢻ࣭ࣃ࣮
࣐࣮ࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱⌮ㄽࡑࡢᐇ㊶ࡢᙳ㡪࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋゝㄒࡢᏛ⩦ࡣ≉ධ㛛ᮇ
ࡣ⦎⩦ࡀఱࡼࡾ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡍࡿಙᛕࢆࠊ㛗┤ࡣ⏕ᾭࢃࡓࡗ࡚㈏࠸ࡓࠋ
௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࠗFLN࠘ࡣᙜࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࠊᅜㄒᏛࠊᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࠊゝㄒᏛ࡞ࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࡢ
ୖᡂࡿࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ᩥἲࠖࡢཱྀ㢌࡛ࡢ㐠⏝ຊ⩦ᚓࡢࡓࡵࡢⱥㄒࡼࡿධ㛛⏝ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡛ࠊ㛗
┤ࡢᡓ๓ࡽᡓ୰ࠊᡓᚋࢆ㈏࠸ࡓಙᛕࢆ♧ࡍ㔜せ࡞࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋ
ࠗ)/1࠘ࡢึ∧㸦㸧ࡢᡂ❧
㛗┤ 6XEVWLWXWLRQ7DEOH㸦⨨⾲㸧ࡢฟ࠸
㛗┤㸦1894̿1973㸧ࡣࠊ1921 ᖺ࣓ࣜ࢝ேᐉᩍᖌ౫㢗ࡉࢀ࡚᪥ㄒᏛᰯࡢ⮫ᩍᖌ
࡞ࡾ᪥ᮏㄒࢆᩍ࠼ጞࡵࡓࠋᏛ⩦⪅ࡣࡋ࡚࣓ࣜ࢝ேᐉᩍᖌ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㛗┤ࡣᅾእ
⤒㦂ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᙜࡽ㧗࠸ⱥㄒຊࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓゝࢃࢀࡿࠋ㛗┤ࡣࠊ⩣1922ᖺ࣓ࣜ
࢝ேⱥㄒᩍᖌࣥࢺࢿࢵࢺ࣭ࣇ࣮ࣝ࢟⤖፧ࡋࡓࠋ
ྠᖺ4᭶ࠊᩥ㒊┬ⱥㄒᩍ⫱㢳ၥࡋ࡚ⱥᅜࡼࡾࣁࣟࣝࢻ࣭ࣃ࣮࣐࣮ࡀ᮶᪥ࠊ㛗ࡣ᪥ㄒᏛ
ᰯࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᙼฟ࠺ࡀࠊ㛫ࡶ࡞ࡃࡑࡢಙ㢗ࢆཷࡅࠊ1923ᖺࣃ࣮࣐࣮ࡀⱥㄒᩍᤵ◊✲ᡤࢆタ
❧ࡋࡓ㝿ࡣࣃ࣮࣐࣮ࢆࡅ࡚ᖿᑵ௵ࡋࠊࡑࡢ10᭶ࠊࣃ࣮࣐࣮ࡢዡࡵ࡛⡿ᅜ㤋᪥ᮏㄒ ᩍᐁᑵ௵ࡋࡓ[Ἑ㊰⦅ 2009㸸97㸫98]ࠋࣃ࣮࣐࣮ࡣ 1923 ᖺࠗColloquial English PartϨ,100
Substitution Tables࠘ࢆฟ∧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸱㸧ࠋ㛗┤ฟࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊࡇࡢᮏࢆ‽ഛࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᮇ
㔜࡞ࡾࠊ㛗┤ࡣࡇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓࡶࡢᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸲㸧ࠋ
1952ᖺⓎ⾜ࡉࢀࡓࠗSubstitution Tables࠘ࡢࠕࡲ࠼ࡀࡁ㸦Introduction㸧࡛ࠖࠊ㛗┤ࡣࠊ ࠕ⚾ࡣࠊᮾிࡢ࣓ࣜ࢝㤋࡛࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢㄒᏛᑗᰯࡓࡕ᪥ᮏㄒࢆᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡓ1924ᖺࡈࢁ
ࡽࠊᙜᩥ㒊┬ࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡢࢻࣂࢨ࣮࡛࠶ࡗࡓࣁࣟࣝࢻ࣭E.ࣃ࣮࣐࣮༤ኈࡢᥦࡼࡿ
Substitution Tables ࢆ࠸ࡣࡌࡵࡓࠋⓎ㡢ᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᩥᆺ⦎⩦㸦ࢭࣥࢸࣥࢫ࣭ࣅࣝࢹࣥࢢ㸧
ࡢ⩦័ᙧᡂࢆᏛ⩦⪅࠼ࡿࡢ㢧ⴭ࡞ᡂᯝࢆୖࡆࡓ㸳㸧ࠋࠖ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㛗┤ࡣᚋ
ὸ㔝㭯Ꮚࡢᑐㄯࡢ୰࡛ࠊࣃ࣮࣐࣮ฟ࠺๓ࠊ᪥ㄒᏛᰯࡢ⮫ᩍᖌࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢁࠕࢧ
ࣈࢫࢸࢸ࣮ࣗࢩࣙࣥࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖ⏕ᚐ႐ࡤࢀࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࡡࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࠊࡇࢇ࡞ࡇࢆࡸࡗࡓࡽ࠸࠸ࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸࡞ࡣᛮࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊఱࡋࢁ᪂ཧ⪅࡛ࡍ
ࡽ࣭࣭࣭[᪥ᮏㄒᩍᖌ㐃┕1969㸸49]ࠖㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡔࡍࡿࠊࣃ࣮࣐࣮ࡼࡿ่⃭ࡣࠊ
ᚲࡎࡋࡶࣃ࣮࣐࣮ࡽ㛗┤୍᪉ྥⓗఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡲࡉၦၝྠゝ࠺
ࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠗSubstitution Tables࠘ࡢࠕࡲ࠼ࡀࡁ㸦Introduction㸧ࠖᡠࡿࠊ㛗┤ࡣࠊࠕࡑࢀࡽᩘ
ᖺࢆࡅ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡣ100ࡢSubstitution Tablesࢆㅞ∧࡛༳ๅࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆసᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࠊࡇࢀࢆ
ᨵゞࡋ࡚1936ᖺฟ∧ࡋࡓࠋࠖ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1936ᖺ࠸࠺ࠊ㛗┤ࡢึᮇࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ⴭ స࡛࠶ࡿࠗᶆ‽᪥ᮏㄒㆫᮏ࠘ᕳ㸦1931㸫34㸧ࡢห⾜ᚋ࠶ࡓࡿࠋࠗᶆ‽᪥ᮏㄒㆫᮏ࠘ࡣࡑࢀ
௨๓ࡽ⡿ᅜ㤋ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚⏝ࡉࢀࠊᕳ୍ࡢ⿵ຓᩍᮦࡋ࡚Substitution Tables ࡀࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺[ᒣୗ1997a:114]ࠋ1936ᖺ༳ๅࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣࡇࢀ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࠗFLN࠘ࡢཎ ᆺࡣࠊࡇࡇᡂ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛100ࡲࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࢆࠊ50ᅽ⦰ࡋࡓ
ࡶࡢࡀࠊ1942ᖺ⛅ࡽ㞧ㄅࠗJapan Times Weekly࠘㐃㍕ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ
ⱥᏐ㐌หㄅ㐃㍕ࡉࢀࡓࠕ(OHPHQWDU\-DSDQHVH&RXUVHࠖ
ࠗJapan Times Weekly࠘➨㸯ᅇࡵࡢࠕElementary Japanese Courseࠖࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ1942 ᖺ9᭶17᪥Ⓨ⾜ࡢ➨13ᕳ➨13ྕ㸦Vol.13,No.13㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࠗJapan Times Weekly࠘ࡣࠊ ᖥᮎጞࡲࡾ⌧௦ࡲ࡛⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿ᪥ᮏࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ⱥᏐ᪂⪺♫࡛࠶ࡿࢪࣕࣃࣥࢱ࣒ࢬ♫ࡽฟ ࡉࢀࡓⱥㄒࡼࡿ㐌หㄅࡔࡀࠊ㐃㍕୰ࡢ1943ᖺ1᭶ࡽㄅྡࡢࠕJapanࠖࡀࠕNipponࠖኚࢃ
ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢ♫ྐࠗThe Japan Timesࡶࡢࡀࡓࡾ࠘㸦1966㸧ࡼࡿ㌷㒊ࡽࡢせㄳࡼࡿࡶ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸴㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᩛ࡛࠶ࡿ⡿ⱥࡢゝㄒࡓࡿⱥㄒࡢ⏝ࢆไ㝈ࡋ᪥ᮏㄒ⨨ࡁ࠼ࡿࡇ
ࢆࡍࡿᣦᑟࡢ୍⎔࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸵㸧ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ⱥㄒ᩺ࡢ௦ࡶࠊⱥᏐ᪂⪺ࡣẖ᪥Ⓨ⾜ࡉࢀ
⥆ࡅࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣⱥㄒࡢ࠸ᡭ᪥ᮏࡢ❧ሙࡸᙇࢆఏ࠼ࡿࢆࡶࡗ࡚チࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓࠋࡑࡢෆᐜࡣ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ᪂⪺ྠㄪࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ≉ᡓத୰ࡣⱥㄒࡼࡿ᪥ᮏᐉ ఏㄅ࠸࠺ᛶ᱁ࢆⰍ⃰ࡃᖏࡧ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡲࡉࡑࡢᮇࡢⱥᏐ㐌หㄅࠊ㛗┤ࡣࠕElementary Japanese Courseࠖ࠸࠺ࢱࢺ
ࣝࡢ㐃㍕ࢆ1943ᖺ10᭶7᪥ྕ㸦Vol.16.No.6㸧ࡢ51ᅇ┠࡛⤖ࡍࡿࡲ࡛⥆ࡅࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᥖ㍕
ࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗA㸲ุࡢㄅ㠃ࡢ㸯࣮࣌ࢪศ࡛ࠊࡁ㉸㐣ࡋࡓศࡀูࡢ࣮࣌ࢪ⥆ࡃࡇࡶ࠶ࡗ ࡓࠋ➨୍ᅇࡣࠊࠕLesson Oneࠖ㸯࣮࣌ࢪศࡢ๓ࠊ㸯࣮࣌ࢪศࡢ㛗┤ࡼࡿࠕFOR THOSE
WHO WANT TO LEARN JAPANESE㸦᪥ᮏㄒࢆᏛࡧࡓ࠸ேࡢࡓࡵ㸧ࠖ㢟ࡉࢀࡓゎㄝ
ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡼࡿࠊᡓ୰ࡢⱥㄒࡼࡿ᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⏝ࡢ㐃㍕ࡢ┠ⓗࡀⱥᩥ࡛ḟࡢࡼ࠺ㄝ
᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ึࡵࠊඹᰤᅪࡣඹ㏻ㄒࡀᚲせ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡀࡑࡢᙺࢆ㈇࠺ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊ⌧ඹᰤᅪ ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ᆅᇦࡽࠊ⇕ᚰ᪥ᮏㄒࡀᏛࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢሗ࿌ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࠊᑐ⡿ⱥᡓࡢ๓ࡲ࡛ࡣࠊ ࡑࢀࡽࡢᆅᇦ࡛ⱥㄒࡀࢇඹ㏻ㄒࡋ࡚ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࡀࡑࢀኚࢃࡾࡘࡘ
࠶ࡿࡇࠊᚑࡗ࡚ࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ▱㆑ࢆࡶࡘࡶࡢ࠼ࡽࢀࡿⅬࡣࠊ࠸ࡢవᆅࡢࡃ࡞࠸
᫂ⓑ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࡇࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࠋḟࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࢆᏛࡪࡇࡣ୍⯡ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ
࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᅔ㞴࡞ࡢࡣ⾲グయ⣔ࡢࡳ࡛ࠊ≉㡢ኌࡣᏛࡧࡸࡍ࠸ࡇࡀゎㄝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ
Ꮫ⩦ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᅄࡘࡢ࣏ࣥࢺࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢෆᐜࢆ⟠᮲᭩ࡁᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚♧ࡍ
ḟࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦㸯㸧ඹᰤᅪࡢඹ㏻ㄒࡋ࡚ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ㔜せᛶࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇࠋ 㸦㸰㸧┿Ꮫࡰ࠺࠸࠺ពᛮࢆᣢࡘࡇࠋ
㸦㸱㸧Ꮫ⩦ᡂᯝࢆᐃ╔ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊ⦎⩦ࢆᛰࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࠋ 㸦㸲㸧Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡓ᪥ᮏㄒࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ㢖⦾࠾࠺ࡍࡿࡇࠋ
ࡇࡢࡢ㛗┤ࡢ⫪᭩ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࡗࡱ ࢇࡈᩍ⫱⯆ࡢᖖ௵⌮࡛ࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩍᖌࠊࢥ࣮ࢫࢹࢨࢼ
࣮ࡋ࡚ࡢ⤒㦂ࠖࡀ㇏࡛࠶ࡿ⤂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㛗┤ࡣ1923ᖺࡽ⡿ᅜ㤋ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍᐁࢆົࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊᅾ୰ࡢ1940ᖺ6᭶ࠊ
୰ᅜ㝣ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᬑཬࢆ᥎㐍ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡗࡓ⯆ள㝔ࡼࡾ୰ᅜⵚᙖ᪉㠃ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱どᐹࡢ ࡓࡵࡢฟᙇࢆࡌࡽࢀࡓࠋ1941ᖺ7᭶21᪥ࡣࠊ⯆ள㝔ദࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᬑཬ㛵ࡍࡿ༠㆟ࠖ
ࠕᩥ㒊┬კクࠖ࠸࠺⫪᭩࡛ฟᖍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡸࡀ࡚ࠊ1941ᖺ8᭶ࠊᩥ㒊┬⯆ள㝔ࡢඹ⟶
ࡼࡿ᪥ᮏㄒᬑཬ㛵ࡍࡿ⤫ᣓⓗ࡞ᶵ㛵ࡋ࡚ᩥ㒊┬ෆ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡿ㝿ࡋ
࡚⌮ᑵ௵ࡍࡿྠࠊ⡿ᅜ㤋ᖍᩍဨࢆ㎡௵ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㛗┤ࡢ⤒㦂ࡀࠊ ࠕᮾளඹᰤᅪࠖྥࡅࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᬑཬ࠺ྥࡅࡽࢀࡓࡢࠊࡢࡼ࠺ᚲせࡉࢀࡓࡢࢆࠊ
ୖグࡢゎㄝࡼࡾࡲࡵࡿḟࡢࡼ࠺⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿࠋ
༶ࡕࠊࠕࡘ࡚ࠗᮾளඹᰤᅪ࠘ࡢᆅᇦෆ࡛ࠊࡰඹ㏻ㄒࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡣⱥㄒ࡛࠶ࡗ
ࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆ᪂ࡋ࠸ඹ㏻ㄒࡋ࡚ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒྲྀࡾ࠼ࡿࡣࠊࡍ࡛ᙼࡽࡀඹ㏻ㄒࡋ࡚㌟
ࡅࡓⱥㄒࢆࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ㄽ⌮࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄽ⌮ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ㛗┤ࡣࡑࢀࡲ࡛ᇵࡗ࡚ࡁࡓⱥㄒヰ⪅ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ᪉ἲࢆࠊ ᡓத୰ࠊࠕᮾளඹᰤᅪࠖྥࡅ࡚ࡶࡑࡢࡲࡲ⏕ࡍࡇࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࠊᐇ㝿ࡑࢀࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡇ
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
᭱ᚋ㛗┤ࡀᣲࡆࡓᅄࡘࡢ࣏ࣥࢺࡢ࠺ࡕࠊᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᭱ึࡢࡘࡣࠕᮾளඹᰤ
ᅪࡢඹ㏻ㄒࡋ࡚ࡢᚲせᛶࠖ࠸࠺ࠕືᶵ࡙ࡅࠖ㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓලయⓗ࡞ື
ᶵ࡙ࡅࡣ♫ⓗ࡞ᩥ⬦ࡸಶேࡢ࠾ࢀࡓ⎔ቃ౫Ꮡࡋኚࡋࡸࡍ࠸せ⣲࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ
࠶ࡢ㸰ࡘࠊ⦎⩦⏝ࡢዡບࡣࠊゝㄒᏛ⩦ᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚㛗┤ࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡚ㄝ
࠸ࡓࡇ࡛ࠊ⎔ቃࡢኚࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡃ࠸せ⣲࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡃࡋ࡚ࠊ㛗┤ࡼࡿࠕElementary Japanese Courseࠖࡣࠊᡓத୰ࡢㄅ㠃ࡰẖྕࠊ
୍ᖺవࡾࢃࡓࡗ࡚㐃㍕ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸶㸧ࠋ᭱ึࡢゎㄝࡇࡑぢࡽࢀࡓᡓᮇࡢᛮ₻ࡢᙳ㡪 ࡣࠊࡇࡢ࠶㐃㍕ࡉࢀࡿࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ୰ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ẖᅇࠊ1ㄢࡎࡘࠊSubstitution TableࠊVocabulary, Grammar and Construction ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉ
ࢀࠊຍ࠼࡚⦎⩦ၥ㢟ࡑࡢゎ⟅ࡀࡃࡀࠊㄅ㠃ࡢ㒔ྜࡇࢀࡀ࡛࡞࠸ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿ 9㸧ࠋࢃ
ࢀࡿ༢ㄒࠊᩥᆺࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ≉ⓗ࡞ഴྥࢆᖏࡧࡓㄒࡸᩥࡀⓏሙ ࡍࡿవᆅࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡣ50ㄢࡲ࡛ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎ㐃㍕ࡀ51ᅇ࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ㐃㍕12ᅇ┠ࡢ ࠕSubstitution Table No.12ࠖ14ᅇ┠ࡢࠕSubstitution Table No.13ࠖࡢ㛫ࡢ㐃㍕13ᅇ┠
㸦1942ᖺ12᭶24᪥ྕ㸧ࡀࠊ࣮࣐ࣟᏐࡼࡿ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⥛ࡾ᪉ࡢㄝ࡛᫂ࠊࠕSubstitution Tableࠖ
ࡀఇ㍕ࡔࡗࡓࡇࡼࡿࠋࠗFLN࠘ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ⾲グࡣ୍㈏ࡋ࡚࣊࣎ࣥᘧ࣮࣐ࣟᏐࡼࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛
㸯࣮࣌ࢪࢃࡓࡗ࡚࣊࣎ࣥᘧカ௧ᘧࡢ⥛ࡾ᪉ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣊࣎ࣥᘧ
࣮࣐ࣟᏐࡣࠊJ.C.࣊࣎ࣥࡀࠗⱥㄒᯘ㞟ᡂ࠘㸦1867㸧࡛⏝࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊⱥㄒࡢⓎ㡢‽ᣐࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ≉ᐃࡢእᅜㄒ౫ᣐࡋ࡞࠸❧ሙࡽࠊ1885ᖺ⏣୰㤋ឡᶲࡀ㡢㡩Ꮫ⌮ㄽᇶ࡙ࡁ᪥ᮏᘧࣟ
࣮࣐Ꮠࢆ⪃ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᑐ❧ࢆ࠾ࡉࡵࡼ࠺ࠊ⾲㡢⩏ࡢୗ᪥ᮏㄒࡢつ๎ᮏไᐃࡉࢀࡓ ࡢࡀࠊ1937ᖺෆ㛶カ௧➨3ྕࡋ࡚බᕸࡉࢀࡓカ௧ᘧ࣮࣐ࣟᏐ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᨻᗓࡼࡿാࡁ
ࡅࡢ᭷↓ࡣ᫂ࡔࡀࠊ㛗┤ࡣࡇࡇ࡛ࠊᨻᗓࡢዡບࡍࡿカ௧ᘧࢆᑀ⤂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ(OHPHQWDU\-DSDQHVH&RXUVHࠖࡽࠗ)/1࠘
⣙1ᖺ㛫㞧ㄅ㐃㍕ࡉࢀࡓࠕElementary Japanese Courseࠖࢆ1ࡲࡵ࡚ࠗFirst Lessons in Nippongo࠘㸦ࠗFLN࠘㸧ࡀసᡂࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊ㞧ㄅ㐃㍕ࡽࡢ␗ྠࡣḟࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦㸯㸧 㞧ㄅᥖ㍕ࡢ50ㄢᵓᡂࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲ㋃くࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢㄢࡀࠊSubstitution Tableࠊ
Vocabulary, Grammar and Construction, Exercise ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶኚࢃࡽ
࡞࠸ࠋᢅࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿㄒἲ࣭ᩥᆺࡶྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦㸰㸧 㞧ㄅ㐃㍕ࡣ⦎⩦ၥ㢟ࡸࡑࡢゎ⟅ࡀ࡛࡞࠸ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊࠗFLN࡛࠘ࡣࠊᩚഛࡉ
ࢀ࡚ࠊ⦎⩦ၥ㢟ࡀᥞ࠸ࠊゎ⟅ࡣᕳᮎࡲࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦㸱㸧 ࠕSubstitution Tableࠖࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣྠ୍࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡀࠊㄢࡢ୪᪉␗ྠࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠗFLN࠘ࡢNo.18ࡣࠊ㞧ㄅᥖ㍕ࡢNo.33㸦࠸ࡲࡍ㸭࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ⥆ࡃ
ࠗFLN࠘ࡢNo.19ࡽNo.34ࡲ࡛ࡣࠊ㞧ㄅᥖ㍕ࡢNo.18,No.34,No.35ࡢ࠶No.20
ࡽNo.32ࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᢅࢃࢀࡿ༢ㄒࡢධࢀ᭰࠼10㸧ࠊㄝ᫂ᩥࡢ⾲⌧ࡢಟṇࡸࠊ
㡯┠ࡢቑῶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ
㸦㸲㸧 㞧ㄅᥖ㍕ࡣࠕSubstitution Table No12ࠖࡀࠕLesson12࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇࢁࡲ࡛ࡣࠊᩘᏐࡀ
୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡀࠊ⥆ࡃࠕNo.13ࠖࡽࠊࠕLesson 1 (Stage ϩ)ࠖ᪂ࡋ࠸␒ྕࡀࡉ
ࢀࡿࠋ㸦᭱ᚋࡢࠕSubstitution Table No.50ࠖࡣࠕLesson 38(Stage ϩ)࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ㸧ࠗFLN࠘
࡛ࡣ᭱ᚋࡲ࡛ࠕLessonࠖࠕSubstitution No.ࠖࡢ␒ྕࡣ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦᭱ᚋࡣ࠸ࡎ
ࢀࡶ50࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠋ
㸦㸳㸧 ࣮࣐ࣟᏐࡢ⥛ࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ձࠕNo.12ࠖࡲ࡛ࡣ୧⪅ࡶ࣊࣎ࣥᘧ࡛⥛ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊẕ㡢ࡢ↓ኌࢆᫎࡍࡿ࠺
㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㞧ㄅᥖ㍕ࡣࠊ࠼ࡤࠕ㖄➹ࠖࠕࡃࡘࠖࠕ࡛ࡍࠖࠕࡲࡍࠖࡣࠊࠕempitsuࠖ
ࠕkutsuࠖࠕdesuࠖࠕmasuࠖ⥛ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࠗFLN࡛࠘ࡣࠊẕ㡢ࡢ↓ኌࢆᫎࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡇࢀࡽࡀࠕempits’ࠖࠕk’tsuࠖࠕdes’ࠖࠕmas’ࠖ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ղࠕNo.12ࠖࡢ࠶ࠊ࣮࣐ࣟᏐࡢ⥛ࡾ᪉ࠕᶆ‽ᘧ㸦ࡲࡓࡣ࣊࣎ࣥᘧ㸧ࠖࠕカ௧ᘧࠖ
ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࠊ༑㡢⾲୧⪅ࢆ♧ࡍ⾲ࢆᥖࡆࡿࡢࡣඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㞧ㄅᥖ
㍕ࡣࡇࢀ1ᅇศࢆ࠶࡚ࡓࡀࠊࠗFLN࡛࠘ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡣࠕNo.12ࠖࡢ୰ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢ࠶ࠊ㞧ㄅ࡛ࡣࠊࡧ࣊࣎ࣥᘧᡠࡿࡀࠊࠗFLN࡛࠘ࡣࠕNo.13ࠖ௨㝆ࡣࠊカ௧ᘧ
ኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ࡑࢀక࠸ࠊẕ㡢ࡢ↓ኌࡶᫎࡉࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ㸧ࠋ
࣮࣐ࣟᏐࡢ⥛ࡾࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ┠❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⱥㄒࡢࢃࡿㄞ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࣊࣎ࣥᘧࢆ
࠺ࡇྜ⌮ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇຍ࠼࡚ࠊᡓᚋࡢᨵゞ࡛ࡧ࣊࣎ࣥᘧᡠࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆ⪃࠼ྜࢃ
ࡏࡿࠊ㏵୰ࡽカ௧ᘧኚࢃࡿࡢࡣⴭ⪅ࠊ㛗┤ࡀ✚ᴟⓗ㑅ࢇࡔ᪉ἲࡣ⪃࠼ࡃ࠸ࠋ ᡓதᮎᮇࡢᅜᐙⓗᅽຊࡢᙉࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓᮇࠊᨻᗓࡢỴᐃࡋࡓᇶ‽࡛࠶ࡿカ௧ᘧᚑ࠺ࡃୖ
ࡽࡢാࡁࡅࡀ࠶ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
㛗┤ࡼࡿࠕࡲ࠼ࡀࡁࠖὸ㔝㭯Ꮚࡼࡿ᭩ホ
ࠗFLN࠘ࡢᕳ㢌ࡣࠊ㛗┤ࡼࡿ⡆₩࡞ࠕࡲ࠼ࡀࡁ㸦Foreword㸧ࠖࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕTokyo,1944ࠖ᪥ࡢ᭩ࢀࡓࡇࡢᩥ❶ࡣࠊᡓதᮎᮇࡢฟ∧≀୍⯡ࠊᡓࡢ⤫ไࢆཷࡅ࡚
ᡓத┠ⓗࢆᙇࡋ࡚ッ࠼ࡿㄽㄪࡀ⁄ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆᛮ࠸ྜࢃࡏࡿࠊᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ⾲⌧ࡀ≉ᚩⓗ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉༳㇟ⓗ࡞᭱ึࡢࣃࣛࢢࣛࣇࡢཎᩥࢆࠊᣋヂࢆࡋ࡚ᘬ⏝ࡍࡿࠋ
Along with the progress of the situation, a great need for the knowledge of the Japanese language is being felt by all who come in contact with the Japanese people as well as things Japanese, and there is a keen demand among educated adults for a simple manual of the Japanese language especially prepared for them. This small volume is an attempt to meet such a demand.
㸦≧ἣࡢ㐍ᒎࡶࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑ࡢᚲせᛶࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ≀ࡸ᪥ᮏே᥋ゐࡍ
ࡿࡍ࡚ࡢேࠎࡗ࡚ព㆑ࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᩍ㣴ࡢ࠶ࡿᡂேࡢ㛫ࠊᙼࡽࡢ ࡓࡵ‽ഛࡉࢀࡓ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⡆༢࡞ᡭᘬ᭩ࡢᕪࡋ㏕ࡗࡓ㟂せࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᑠࡉ࡞ᮏࡣࠊ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㟂せᛂ࠼ࡿヨࡳ࡛ࡍࠋ㸧
ෑ㢌ࡢࠕ≧ἣࡢ㐍ᒎࠖࡀ࠸࡞ࡿࡶࡢࠊᑐ㇟࡞ࡿࠕ᪥ᮏࡢ≀ࡸ᪥ᮏே᥋ゐࡍࡿࡍ
࡚ࡢேࠎࠖࡣ࠸࡞ࡿேࠎࠊࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑ࡢᚲせᛶࠖࠕᙼࡽࡢࡓࡵ‽ഛࡉࢀࡓ
᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⡆༢࡞ᡭᘬ᭩ࡢᕪࡋ㏕ࡗࡓ㟂せࠖࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡼࡿࡶࡢࠊࡑࢀࢆᚲせ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕᩍ㣴ࡢ࠶ࡿᡂேࠖࡣㄡࠊ࠸ࡗࡓၥ࠸ᛂ࠼ࡿලయⓗ࡞ෆᐜࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸
Ⅼࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࠋ⥆ࡃ➨ẁⴠ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡀ➹⪅⮬㌟ࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠕࢱࣉࡶᅜ⡠ࡶ
ከᵝ࡞ᡂேᩍ࠼࡚ࡁࡓ⤒㦂ࡽࠖ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࡶࡢࡔㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉ᐃࡢ≧ἣࡸࢽ࣮ࢬࠊ Ꮫ⩦⪅ᒙྥࡅ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࡀゝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶࠊࡇࡢᮇࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᬑཬ 㛵ಀࡢฟ∧≀ࡋ࡚ࡣ⌋ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢᒓࡍࡿࠋࠕᮾளࡢඹ㏻ㄒࠖࡋ࡚ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᬑཬࡀᮍ᭯᭷ࡢつ ᶍ࡛ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡗࡓᙜࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ♫ⓗ࣭ᨻⓗᩥ⬦࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢ≉Ṧᛶࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀ
୍⯡ⓗࡔࡗࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
้ࡉࢀࡓࠗFLN࠘ࡢึ∧ࡣዟࡀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᒣୗ⚽㞝㸦1997㹠㸸68㸧ࡣࠊᡓᚋពᅗⓗ◚
Რࡉࢀࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡢぢゎࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕᡓୗࡢฟ∧≀࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛⏝⚗Ṇ࡞ࡿࡇ
ࢆ࠾ࡑࢀࠖࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
1946ᖺ2᭶ࡢ∧ࡢዟࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠊึ∧ࡢⓎ⾜᪥ࡣ1945ᖺ2᭶15᪥࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ
ࡋࠊࡑࢀඛࡔࡗ࡚ࡇࡢᮏࡢ᭩ホࡀࠊ1944ᖺ9᭶ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆ࡢ᭶หㄅࠗ᪥ᮏㄒ࠘㸦➨
4ᕳ➨9ྕ㸧ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆ࡢ◊✲ဨ࡛ࠊᡓᚋࡶ㛗┤㈈ᅋἲேゝ
ㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ㝃ᒓᮾி᪥ᮏㄒᏛᰯࡢ㐠Ⴀࢆࡶࡋࡓὸ㔝㭯Ꮚࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࠕ㛗┤ⴭ ᪥ ᮏㄒࡢึṌ ᭩ホࠖ㢟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ୰ࠕ㛗┤Ặࡢࠗ᪥ᮏㄒࡢึṌ࠘㸦First Lessons in Nippongo㸧ࡣ≉ᮾளඹᰤᅪෆࡢⱥㄒᖖ⏝⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏㄒࡢᡭࡁࡢ┠ⓗࢆ௨࡚ⱥ ㄒ࡛᭩ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ[ὸ㔝㭯Ꮚ1943㸸24]㸧ࠖㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࠗFLN࠘ࢆᢅࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
㆟ㄽࡢవᆅࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊฟ∧♫ྡࡸⓎ⾜ᖺ᭶࡞ࡢሗࡀ࡞࠸ࠋⲡ✏ࡣ㞧ㄅ㐃㍕ࡢ⤊ࡋࡓ 1943ᖺ⛅ࡣୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊᡭ┤ࡋࢆຍ࠼ࡓࠗFLN࠘ࡢཎ✏ࡶࠊ1944ᖺࡢࡣ
ୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢᛮࢃࢀࡿࡽࠊࡑࡢཎ✏ẁ㝵࡛ㄞࢇࡔࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋὸ㔝㭯Ꮚࡣࠊࡇ ࡢ᭩ࢆࠕᮾளඹᰤᅪෆࡢⱥㄒᖖ⏝⪅ࠖࢆᑐ㇟ࡍࡿ㏙ࡘࡘࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺ࡑࡢ≉Ⰽࢆㄝ᫂
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᮏ᭩ࡣึᏛ⪅ᑐࡍࡿᩥᏐࡢ㈇ᢸࢆ㑊ࡅ࡚⾲グࡣ⨶㤿Ꮠࢆ⏝ࡦࠊᑓࡽ᪥ᖖ⏝ㄒࡢ⩦ᚓ
ࢆ║ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒⱥㄒࡢẚ㍑ゎㄝࡣⴭ⪅ࡢⱥㄒᅜẸᑐࡍࡿ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࡢከ ᖺࡢ⤒㦂῝࠸Ὕᐹࡽ⏕ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛వேࡢ㏣㝶ࢆチࡉࡠࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⨨⾲
(Substitution table)ࡼࡿᣦᑟἲࡣⴭ⪅⮬㌟ࡢᐇ㦂ࡼࡘ࡚㡾ࡿ᭷ᩀ࡞᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿゝ᫂
ࡉࢀ࡚ࢄࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ[ὸ㔝1943㸸24]ࠋ
ࡇࡢ࠶⨨⾲ࡢ⤂ព⩏ࡸ⏝ἲࡀᑀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㛗┤ࡢពᅗࢆࡼࡃ⌮ゎ ࡋ࡚᭩ࢀࡓࡶࡢᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋㄒᏛⓗ㛵ᚰࡼࡾࡶࠊᐇ㝿᪥ᮏㄒࢆ࠸ࡓ࠸ேࠎࡢࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ
࡛ࠊࡑࡢⅬࡀࠕᅾ᮶ࡢㄒᏛධ㛛᭩ࠖ␗࡞ࡿㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠗFLN࠘ࡢฟ∧ᖺ᭶ࢆ1945ᖺ2᭶ࡔࡍࡿ㎷》ࡢྜࢃ࡞࠸㈨ᩱࡀࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ㧗ᶫ୍
ኵ㸦1962㸧ࡼࡿࠊ㧗ᶫࡀ1942ᖺ1᭶᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ㅮᗙࢆཷㅮࡋࡓ
ࡁࠊ2᭶6᪥ࠊ9᪥ࠊ13᪥ࡢ3᪥㛫ࢃࡓࡗ࡚㛗┤ࡼࡿࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩍᤵἲᴫㄝࠖࡢㅮ⩏ࡀ
࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛㛗┤ࡣཷㅮ⪅ࠗFirst Lessons in Nippongo࠘ࢆ⤂ࡋࡓ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿ 11㸧ࠋᙜࡢ㧗ᶫࡢࠕㅮ⩏➹グࠖ㛗┤ࡀᮏ᭩ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕࢥࣥࢹࣥࢫࡋࡍࡂ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ
⏕ᚐᩍ࠼ࡿࡁࡣ 70 ᅇࡄࡽ࠸ࡢࡤࡍ᪉ࡀࡼ࠸ࠖゝࡗࡓ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊḟ⤂ࡍࡿ㛗┤ࡢ⮬➹࣓࡛ࣔࡣࠊࠗFLN࠘ࡢཎ✏ᡂࡣ1943ᖺ7᭶ୖ᪪᭩
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣓ࣔࡢ᪥ࡣྠᖺ6᭶࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ6᭶ࡢⅬ࡛సᴗ୰࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀ
ࡽࢆ⪃࠼ྜࢃࡏ࡚ࡶࠊ1942ᖺ2᭶࠸࠺㞧ㄅ㐃㍕ࡀጞࡲࡿ༙ᖺ๓ࠊ㞧ㄅ㐃㍕ඛࡔࡗ࡚ࠗFLN࠘
ࡀ᭩⡠ࡢᙧ࡛ᡂ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡣ↓⌮ࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ㧗ᶫ୍ኵࡢグ᠈ࡀṇࡋ࠸
ࡋࡓࡽࠊ㞧ㄅ㐃㍕ࡢ๓ࡽࠊ㛗┤ࡢᡭඖࡣ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡲࡲࡗࡓᙧࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ
ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ᡓ୰ࡢࠗ)/1࠘ࡢᮾ༡ࢪྥࡅ⩻ヂ∧ฟ∧ィ⏬
௨ୖࢆぢࡿࠊ㛗┤ࡀࠊ⡿ᅜ㤋➼࡛ࡋ࡚࣓ࣜ࢝ே᪥ᮏㄒࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡁࡓᡂᯝ
ࢆࠊᡓத୰ࡣࠕᮾளඹᰤᅪࡢⱥㄒヰ⪅ࠖྥࡅ࠸࠺ࡇ௬クࡋ࡚ฟ∧ࡋࡓࡢࡼ࠺ࡶ
ぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠗFLN࠘ࡢ๓᭩ࡁලయⓗ⾲⌧ࡀ㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊពᅗⓗᡓத┠ⓗࡢ᪥ᮏ ㄒᬑཬᨻ⟇㊥㞳ࢆ⨨ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡶぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊࡑࢀඛ❧ࡘ 1942 ᖺࡢ ࠕElementary Japanese Courseࠖࡢ๓᭩ࡁࡣࠊࠕᮾளࡢඹ㏻ㄒࠖࡋ࡚ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡓࠋྠࡌᖺࠊ㛗┤ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒ࠘➨ᕳ➨ྕ㸦1942ᖺ5᭶ྕ㸧ᕳ㢌 ゝࠕ⌧ᐇࢆ┤どࡏࡼࠖࢆ᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕྥࡩᡤᩛ࡞ࡁⓚ㌷ࡢ࣐࣮ࣞࠊࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࡅࡿᡓ ᯝࡣࠊ୍൨ᅜẸࡢᚰࢆᮇࡏࡎࡋ࡚༡᪉ඹᰤᅪࡢ⤒Ⴀྥࡣࡋࡵࡓࠋࠖጞࡲࡾࠊࡑࡢࠕᩥᕤసࠖ
ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᬑཬࡣᮾளᘓタࡢ᰿ᮏⓗㄢ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊஅࡀᡂྰࡣᅜ⟇ࡢ㐠Ⴀ⤯
࡞ࡿ㛵ಀࢆᣢࡘࠋ᪥ᮏㄒᬑཬࡢ⌮ᛕࡣࠊゝࡩ㎾ࡶ࡞ࡃ᪥ᮏㄒࢆᮾளࡅࡿඹ㏻ㄒࡓࡽࡋ
ࡵࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㏙ࠊࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࠕ⌧ᐇࢆ┤どࡋࠊࡑࡢᐇయࢆぢᴟࡵ࡚ᙜࡽ࡞
ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࠖࠕゝㄒࡢၥ㢟ࡣఫẸࡢ⏕ά┤᥋ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࡅࠊࡑࡢྲྀᢅ⣽ᚰࡢὀ ពࢆせࡍࡿࡇࢆᛀࢀ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᆅᇦⓗ≉Ṧᛶࢆ༑ศ⪃៖ࡍࡿඹࠊᐇ᪉⟇ࡣẁ㝵
ⓗ⪃ࠊᛂ⸆ⓗᡭᚰࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿᛮࡣࢀࡿࠋࠖᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᒁࡢせㄳゝㄒᩍ⫱
ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ❧ሙࡽᛂ࠼ࡿㄽㄪ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᙜࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᬑཬᨻ⟇ࡢ᥎㐍ࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆ࡢ⌮࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㛗┤ࡣࠊ
ࠗFLN࠘ࢆ࠺⨨ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡓࡧ᪂ࡓⓎぢࡉࢀࡓ㛗┤ࡢ⮬➹ࣀ࣮ࢺ
12㸧ࠊࠕ18ᖺ6᭶ࠖࡢ᪥࡛᭩ࢀࡓࠗFLN࠘ࡢᮾ༡ࢪྥࡅࡢ⩻ヂ∧ࡢฟ∧ィ⏬ࡀㄆ
ࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋィ⏬ࡢෆᐜࡣḟࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦ᐇ㝿ࡢࣀ࣮ࢺࡣ⦪᭩ࡁ㸧
㛤ᣅ♫⦅⧩ᴗィ␓ ༑ඵᖺභ᭶
᭩ྡ ⴭ⪅ ཎ✏ᐃᮇ᪥
ۑ First Lessons in Nippongo 㛗 ᭶ୖ᪪
ۑۑ ࣐ࣛㄒ∧㸦ᥦฟ῭㸧 ᮍᐃ ඵ᭶ୖ᪪
ۑۑ ᨭ㑣ㄒ∧㸦ᥦฟ῭㸧 ᙇᏥ ඵ᭶ᮎ ۑ ࢫ࣌ࣥㄒ∧㸦ᥦฟ῭㸧 ᮍᐃ ඵ᭶ᮎ Ᏻ༡ㄒ∧ ᮍᐃ ඵ᭶ᮎ ۑۑ షㄒ∧ ᮍᐃ ඵ᭶ᮎ
ۑ ࢱ࢞ࣟࢢㄒ∧
ࣅ࣐ࣝㄒ∧
ࢱㄒ∧
ࡇࡢ࣓ࣔࡣࠊ1943ᖺ6᭶ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࠊ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝࡢⱥㄒ∧୪⾜ࡋ࡚ࠕᮾளඹᰤᅪࠖࡢㅖᆅ ᇦྥࡅࡢྛゝㄒ∧ࡢฟ∧ࡀ‽ഛࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⱥㄒࡼࡿ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝ∧ࡢཎ✏
ᡂぢ㎸ࡳࡀ1943ᖺ7᭶ୖ᪪ࠊࡑࡢ⩣᭶ࡢᮎࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕ༡᪉ᆅᇦࠖࡢゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡿ࣐ࣛ
ㄒࠊ୰ᅜㄒࠊࢫ࣌ࣥㄒࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࡼࡿ⩻ヂ∧ࡀ࡛ࡁ࠶ࡀࡿィ⏬ࢆࠊ㛗┤
ࡣ⮬➹࡛ࡋࡓࡓࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࣐ࣛㄒࠊ୰ᅜㄒࠊࢫ࣌ࣥㄒࡢୗࠕᥦฟ῭ࠖ࠶ࡿࡢࡣࠊ⩻
ヂ⏝ࡢཎ✏ࢆᒆࡅࡓ࠸࠺ព࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ୍ẁ㝵㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋୖ᭩ࢀࡓۑ
ࡢពࡣ᫂ࡔࡀࠊࡑࡢࡲࡲ㌿グࡋ࡚࠾࠸ࡓࠋࠗFLN࠘ࡣࠕᮾளඹᰤᅪෆࡢⱥㄒᖖ⏝⪅ࠖྥ
ࡅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠕᮾளඹᰤᅪෆࠖࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ゝㄒࡢᖖ⏝⪅ྥࡅࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ
ࡢゝㄒ∧ࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆ⪃࠼ྜࢃࡏࡿࠊࡇࡢᮇ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆ࡢ⌮ࡋ࡚
㛗┤ࡀࠊࡑࡢ⫋ົᛅᐇࠕᮾளඹᰤᅪࠖࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᬑཬࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ࠗFLN࠘ࢆⴭࡋ ࡓ࠸࠺୍㠃ࡀ☜࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡀ⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ྠࡌᮇࡢࡋ࡚ࠊ1943ᖺ5᭶㛗┤ࡣࠗᮾளࡢᇶᮏ⏝ㄒ㞟࠘࠸࠺ᑠᏊࢆ⦅
㞟ࡋࠊᮾளฟ∧ᰴᘧ♫ࡽฟ∧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࠕ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࠸ᚓࡿࡇ 13㸧ࠖࢆ┠ⓗ
ࡋ࡚ࠊᇶ♏ⓗ࡞ᩥἲᇶᮏ༢ㄒࡘ࠸࡚᪥ᮏㄒ࣭୰ᅜㄒ࣭࣐࣮ࣞㄒ࣭ࣇࣜࣆࣥㄒ࣭ࢫ࣌
ࣥㄒ࣭ⱥㄒࡢ㸴ゝㄒࢆᑐ↷ࡉࡏࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ㛗┤ࡣࡑࡢ⦅⪅࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏㄒⱥㄒࢆᢸᙜࡋ ࡓࠋ⫪᭩ࡁࡣࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆⥲ࠖ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒࡣᙇᏥ㸦᪥ᮏᨺ㏦༠
ᅜ㝿ᒁკク㸧ࠊ࣐࣮ࣞㄒࡣ㰻⸨ᴿ୕㑻㸦㏴ಙᐁྣ⦎⩦ᡤㅮᖌ㸧ࠊࣇࣜࣆࣥㄒࡣࣞ࢜ࢼࣝࢻ࣭࣐
ࢼࣛࣥ㸦᪥ᮏᨺ㏦༠ᅜ㝿ᒁკク㸧ࠊࢫ࣌ࣥㄒࡣ➟㙠ኵ㸦ᮾிእᅜㄒᏛᰯᩍᤵ㸧ࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒ
ࢀᢸᙜࡋࡓࠋඛ♧ࡋࡓࠗ㹄㹊㹌࠘ࡢฟ∧ィ⏬࡛ࡶࠊ୰ᅜㄒ∧ࡣᙇᏥࡢྡࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ୧⪅ࡣᙜࡢᩥ⬦࡛ࡣࠊฟ∧≀ࡢᛶ᱁࠾࠸࡚ඹ㏻ࡋࡓせ⣲ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ 㛗ࡃ࣓ࣜ࢝㤋ົࡋࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ேࡢጔࢆᣢࡘ㛗┤ࡣࠊ1937ᖺࡈࢁࡽ≉㧗㆙ᐹ
ࡽ┘どࡉࢀࠊᑿ⾜ࡢᙳࡀࡘࡁࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺[ᒣୗ⚽㞝2000㸸41]ࠋ࣓ࣜ࢝ேࡢጔࢆࢻ
ࢶ⣔࡛࠶ࡿㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚Ᏺࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡶ⪺ࡃ14㸧ࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀࡶࢃࡽࡎ⯆ள㝔࣭
ᩥ㒊┬ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡋ࡚ඃࢀࡓ⬟ຊࢆᣢࡘ㛗┤ࢆࠊᮾளࡢඹ㏻ㄒࡋ࡚ࡢ᪥
ᮏㄒᬑཬࡢ᥎㐍ᙺ㑅ࢇࡔࠋᡓதࡼࡗ࡚࣓ࣜ࢝ேࡢὶࡢ᩿ࡓࢀࡓ㛗┤ࡀࡑࢀࡲ࡛
ᇵࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᐇ⦼⬟ຊࢆ⏕ࡍࡓࡵ⏝ពࡉࢀࡓࡢࡀࠊࠕᮾளࡢඹ㏻ㄒࠖࡋ࡚ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᬑཬ
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆ࡢ⌮㆟㘓ࢆࡳࡿࠊ㛗┤ࡣࠊ᭱ࡶ⇕ᚰẖᅇࡢ⌮
ฟᖍࡋࠊ◊✲㒊ࡢᢸᙜ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢฟ∧≀ࡢィ⏬ࠊᐇ⌧ᛁࡋࡃάືࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀ࠺
ࡀ࠼ࡿ[Ἑ㊰⦅2010]ࠋ㛗┤ࡣࠊỴࡋ࡚ᒁࡢせㄳࡽ㊥㞳ࢆ࠾ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸ࠋᒁࡢせㄳᛂ࠼࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⮬㌟ࡢಙࡎࡿᑓ㛛ᛶࡢ㧗࠸ຠ⋡ⓗ࡞᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ⌧ࡢࡓࡵࡢ ㄪᰝ◊✲ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᩍᮦ㛤Ⓨ⇕ᚰࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡳࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ඛࡢᕳ㢌ゝ[㛗1942]࡛ࠊ㛗┤ࡣࠊࠕᆅᇦⓗ≉Ṧᛶࠖࡢ㓄៖ࢆッ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋࠗFLN࠘ࢆ
ぢࡿࠊᩥᏐࡢ㈇ᢸࢆ㍍ῶࡋ࡚࣮࣐ࣟᏐ⾲グࡋࠊཱྀ㢌࠾ࡅࡿ㐠⏝ࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓⅬࡑࢀ
ࡢᩚྜᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ㛗┤ࡣࡑࡢᩍᐊ࡛ࡢᩍᤵἲࡋ࡚ࡣ፹ㄒࢆࢃ࡞࠸┤᥋ἲࢆ㔜
ࢇࡌࡓࡀࠊእᅜㄒᏛ⩦ࡣ፹ㄒࡀാࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⮬⩦ࡣ፹ㄒࢆά
⏝ࡍࡿࡇࢆ๓ᥦࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ[㛗 1941㸸17㸫21]ࠋ㛗┤ࡣࠊࠕᮾளඹᰤᅪࠖࡢேࠎࡢᖖ
⏝ࡍࡿゝㄒࢆ࠾࠺ከゝㄒࡼࡿࠗFLN࠘ࡢฟ∧ィ⏬ࢆࡓ࡚ࡓࡶࡢᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊᐇ 㝿ห⾜ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝࡢⱥㄒ∧ࡢࡳ࡛ࠊࡢᏑᅾࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ᡓᚋࡢ∧ ᖺࡢᨵゞ∧ࠗ)LUVW/HVVRQVLQ-DSDQHVH࠘
ᡓத୰ࡢึ∧ྠࡌ⣬ᆺࡼࡿᡓᚋࡢ∧
ࠕᮾளࡢඹ㏻ㄒࠖࡋ࡚ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᬑཬᨻ⟇ࡣࠊࡋࡋ1945ᖺ 8᭶ࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ࣏ࢶࢲ࣒ᐉゝ
ࢆཷㅙࡋࠊᡓத≧ែࢆ⤊⤖ࡉࡏࡿྠ₽࠼ࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓែࢆࠊ㛗┤ࡸࡑࡢ࿘㎶ࡢேࠎ ࡀࡢ⛬ᗘண ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᡓத┤ᚋࡢ㛗┤ࡢࡪࡾ
ࡣ┠ぬࡲࡋ࠸ࠋἙ㊰㸦2007࣭2008࣭2010㸧᫂ࡽࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ1945ᖺࡢ⛅ࡽ㐃ྜᅜ㌷ᑗ
ᰯࡓࡕࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ᪥ᮏㄒᩍᤵ࠶ࡓࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆ࡢ1945ᖺᗘୗ༙ᮇཬࡧ1946 ᖺᗘୖ༙ᮇࡢࡋ࡚ㄪᰝ◊✲ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒᩍᤵ⪅㣴ᡂㅮᗙࡢ㛤ദ࡞ࢆ㐍ࡵࡘࡘࠊ1945 ᖺ 12
᭶ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆ࡢ⌮㛗ᑵ௵ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪤ணᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᴗࢆ⤊࠼ࡓࡽ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱
⯆ࡢゎᩓࢆ⏦ㄳࡍࡿࡇࠊཬࡧゎᩓᚋࡑࡢᴗ㈈⏘ࢆ᪂ࡋࡃタ❧ࡍࡿ㈈ᅋἲேゝㄒᩥ
◊✲ᡤጤㆡࡍࡿࡇࢆỴᐃࠊᪧ⤌⧊᪂⤌⧊ࡢ௦⾲⪅ࢆ୍ᡭᘬࡁཷࡅ࡚ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ㐍ࡵࠊ ࡇࢀࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢᮇࡢ㛗┤ಶேࡢⴭసࡣ1945ᖺ12᭶୕┬ᇽࡽฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࠗEveryday Words and Phrases㸦ⱥㄒヰㄒᙡ㸧࠘ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣ⣙10㒊ࢀࡓ࠸࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚1946ᖺ2᭶ࠊ
ࠗFLN࠘ࡀ∧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࡶࡢࠊ⾲⣬ࡀ㯤ࡢࡶࡢ㉥ࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ୰㌟ࡣྠࡌ
࡛ࠊዟࡣࠕ20ᖺ2᭶10᪥ึ∧༳ๅࠊ20ᖺ2᭶15᪥ึ∧Ⓨ⾜ࠊ21ᖺ2᭶ 20᪥∧Ⓨ⾜ࠊ5000㒊ࠖ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋฟ∧♫ࡀึ∧ࡢ㛤ᣅ♫ࡽࠊᰴᘧ♫᪥ᮏᩥฟ∧
♫ኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ∧ࠖ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶྠࡌ⣬ᆺࡽࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣฟ∧♫ྡ
ࡀኚࢃࡗࡓ୰⾲⣬ዟࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⯆῝࠸ࡢࡣࠊඛᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚♧ࡋࡓ㛗┤ࡼࡿึ∧ࡢࠕࡲ࠼ࡀࡁ㸦Foreword㸧ࠖࡀࠊ୍
Ꮠ୍ྃ㐪ࢃࡎෑ㢌ᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᡓத୰ࡢࠕᮾளࡢඹ㏻ㄒࠖࡋ࡚ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᬑ ཬᨻ⟇ࡀ㐙⾜⬟࡞ࡾࠊ⫃ྜᅜ㌷㛵ಀ⪅ࡀࡓࡿ᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡞ࡿ࠸࠺࠾ࡼࡑ␗࡞ࡿ≧
ἣࡀ⌧ฟࡋࡓᡓᚋࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱㛵ࢃࡿฟ∧≀ࡢከࡃࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲ࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ ࡓ࠼࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡋ࡚ࡶᏛ⩦ࡢ┠ⓗ➼ࡣ᭩ࡁ࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ᪥ᮏࡢᏛᰯ࡛
ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᅜᐃᩍ⛉᭩ࠕቚሬࡾࠖࡀࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ௦࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㛗┤
ࡼࡿࠕࡲ࠼ࡀࡁࠖ᭩ࡁ࠼ࡢᚲせࡀ⏕ࡌ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊᴟࡵ࡚ᕼ᭷࡞ࡇゝࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞
ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ඛࡶ㏙ࡓ࠾ࡾࠊ⫼ᬒ࡞ࡿࠕ≧ἣࡢ㐍ᒎࠖࠊᑐ㇟࡞ࡿࠕ᪥ᮏே᥋ゐࡍࡿࡍ࡚ࡢேࠎࠖ
➼ࡘ࠸࡚ලయⓗ࡞⾲⌧ࡀ㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀࠊࡑࢀࢆྍ⬟ࡋࡓࠋึฟࡢ1944ᖺࡢᩥ⬦࡛
ࡣࠊࠕ≧ἣࡢ㐍ᒎࠖࡣࠕᡓதࡢ㐍ᒎࡘࢀ࡚ࠗᮾளඹᰤᅪ࠘ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᬑཬࡀࡼࡾ✚ᴟⓗᒎ 㛤ࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡗࡓࠖ≧ἣࢆᣦࡍࡶࡢㄞࡵࡿࠋࠕ᪥ᮏே᥋ゐࡍࡿேࠖࡣࠕᮾளඹᰤᅪࡢேࠎࠖ
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆᡓᚋࡢᩥ⬦࠾࠸࡚ࡳࡿࠊࠕ≧ἣࡢ㐍ᒎࠖࡣࠕ༨㡿ୗࡢ᪥ᮏ⫃ྜᅜ㌷㛵ಀ
⪅ࡀከࡃ㥔ᅾࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠖ≧ἣࢆᣦࡍࡶࡢㄞࡵࠊࠕ᪥ᮏே᥋ゐࡍࡿேࠖࡣࠕࡋ࡚
⫃ྜᅜ㌷㸦≉⡿㌷㸧㛵ಀ⪅࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿㄞࡵࡿࠋ
ᡓᚋ⡿㌷㛵ಀ⪅᪥ᮏㄒࢆᩍ࠼ࡓ⤒㦂ࡀࡘ࡙ࡽࢀࡓᏱ㒔ᐑ㸦1983㸸13㸧ࠊࠕ⤊ᡓᚋ㛫ࡶ࡞࠸
㡭ࠊ㟁㌴ࡸỶ㌴ࡢ୰ࠊ㥐ࡢᚅྜᐊ࡞࡛ࠊ⫼ᗈ᭹ࡢ୰ᖺࡢእேࡀᡭᥦ㠜ࢆഐ⨨ࡁࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ
ⱥㄒࡀ⾲༳ๅࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ㸦₎Ꮠ㸧࣮࢝ࢻࢆᡭࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ୍ᚰຮᙉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿወጁ࡞
ගᬒࢆ┠ࡉࢀࡓ᪉ࠎࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࠖ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᡓᚋࡢ᪥ᮏࡢྛᆅࡣࠊ⫃ྜᅜ㌷
㛵ಀ⪅ࡀ⇕ᚰ᪥ᮏㄒࢆᏛࡪගᬒࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࠕ≧ἣࡢ㐍ᒎࠖࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺≧ἣྜࢃࡏ࡚ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ㛗ࡢ᭩࠸ࡓࠕࡲ࠼ࡀࡁࠖࡣࠊಟṇࡢᚲせ࡞ࡃ⏕
ࡁࡢࡧࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ1952ᖺᨵゞ∧௦ࢃࡿࡲ࡛ࠊ᭦࡞ࡿ∧ࢆ㔜ࡡࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ15㸧ࠋ
ᖺࡢᨵゞ∧ࡢẚ㍑
ࢧࣥࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫࢥㅮ᮲⣙ࡀⓎຠࡋ࡚⫃ྜᅜ㌷ࡢ༨㡿ࡀ⤊ࢃࡾࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᶒࡀᅇࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ 1952ᖺ4᭶ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⩣᭶ࠊ5᭶20᪥ࡢ᪥࡛ࠗFLN࠘ࡢᨵゞ∧ࡀⓎ⾜ࡉࢀࡓࠋෆᐜ ࡣࢇྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᭩ྡࡢࠕNippongoࠖࡀࠕJapaneseࠖᨵࡵࡽࢀࠊࠕࡲ࠼ࡀࡁ㸦Foreword㸧ࠖ
ࡣ㠃ⓗ᭩ࡁ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ1952ᖺ4᭶グࡉࢀࡓࠕࡲ࠼ࡀࡁࠖࡣࠊ1ᖺ㏆ࡃNippon Times
Weekly㐃㍕ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚1944ᖺࠗFLN࠘ࢆࠕ᭩࠸ࡓࠖࡇࠊࡇࡢᏛ⩦ἲࡣࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸
ࢁ࡞ᅜ⡠ࡢᡂேᏛ⩦⪅᪥ᮏㄒࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡁࡓⴭ⪅ࡢಶேⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ⤂ࡉࢀࡓ࠶ࠊ࣮࣐ࣟᏐ⥛ࡾࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࠗFLN࠘ࡀ12ㄢࡲ࡛ࡣ࣊
࣎ࣥᘧࡔࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋࡀࠕカ௧ᘧ࡛᭩ࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠖࡇࠊࡇࢀࡀ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࠸࠺
ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡗ࡚⥛ࡾ᪉ࡣ୍㈏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠺ࡀࡼࡃⱥㄒヰ⪅ࡣ࣊࣎ࣥᘧࡀ౽
࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊᅇࠊయࢆࡇࢀ࡛⤫୍ࡋࡓࡇࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ16㸧ࠋ᭱ᚋࠊ᭩ࡁゝⴥࡶ⥲ྜⓗ
ᏛࡪࡣࠊࠗBasic Japanese Course࠘㸦1950㸧ྜࢃࡏ࡚Ꮫࡪࡇࡀ່ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ༶ࡕࠊ᭩ྡࠕJapaneseࠖ࠸࠺ⱥㄒࡀ⏝ࡉࢀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⾲グࢆ࣊࣎ࣥᘧ࣮࣐ࣟᏐ⤫୍
ࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊࡁ࡞ኚ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ1942ᖺࡽ1943ᖺࡅ࡚ࡢ㞧ㄅ㐃㍕ࡢ㢟ྡ
ࡣࠕJapaneseࠖࡀࢃࢀࠊ⦅࣊࣎ࣥᘧ࣮࣐ࣟᏐࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆ⪃࠼ྜࢃࡏࡿࠊ
ึᮇࡢᙧᡠࡗࡓࡶゝ࠼ࡿࠋኚࢃࡗࡓⅬ࠸࠼ࡤࠊNo.30 ࡢࠕ㸫ࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠖࡀࠕ㸫 ࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠖࠊNo.43 ࡢࠕࡁ࠸㸦ࡢ㸧࡛ࡍࠖࡀࠕࡁ࠸࡛ࡍࠖࠕࡢࠖࡀ๐㝖ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࠊ༢ㄒ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝNo.12ࡢࠕ㌴ሙࠖࡀࠕ㥐ࠖࠊNo.20ࡢࠕࡃࡿࡲࠖࡢⱥヂࡀࠕrickshawࠖ
ࡽࠕcarࠖᕪࡋ᭰࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡞ࡀࢃࡎㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ᡓᚋ㛫ࡶ࡞ࡃ㛗┤ࡣ⡿ᅜ➨ඵ㌷ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࢆᢸᙜࡋࡓ㛵ಀࡽࡑࡢᨭࢆཷࡅ࡚ᡓ๓ ࡢࠗᶆ‽᪥ᮏㄒㄞᮏ࠘ࡢ㠃ᨵゞ㝃ᒓᩍᮦࡢ㛤Ⓨᙜࡓࡾࠊᡓᚋࡢࠗᨵゞᶆ‽᪥ᮏㄒㄞᮏ࠘
ඵᕳࡑࡢᒓᩍᮦ࡛࠶ࡿࠗWord Book࠘ඵᕳࠊࠗKanji Book࠘ඵᕳࠊධ㛛⏝ࡢࠗBasic Japanese coursed࠘ࠗGrammar and Glossary࠘ᩍᮦ୍ᘧࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢼ࢞ࢾ࣐ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࢆ1948 ᖺࡣ⡿㌷ෆ㒊࡛ࡢ⏝ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㠀ရࡋ࡚ᡂࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡽࡣ1950ᖺ୍ᩧ୍⯡ࡢ⏝
౪ࡉࢀࡿࡃⓎࡉࢀࠊ1970ᖺ௦ࡲ࡛ࠊᅜ㝿Ꮫࡢᩍ⛉᭩୪ࢇ࡛ᅜࡢෆእ࡛ᗈࡃࢃࢀ
ࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࡢ୍⎔ࡋ࡚1952ᖺࡣࠗSubstitution Tables࠘ 㢟ࡉࢀࡓᩍᮦࡶฟ∧ࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠗSubstitution Tables࠘ࡢࠕࡲ࠼ࡀࡁࠖࡣࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾゝⴥࡀከࡃࠊ1924 ᖺࡈࢁࣃ࣮࣐࣮ࡢᥦ࡛ࡇࢀࢆ࠸ጞࡵࡓࡇࡽጞࡵࠊࡑࡢ⦎⩦ᩍᮦࡋ࡚ࡢⅬ㸦Ꮫ⩦⪅
ࡀⓎ㡢ࡸᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᩥᆺࡘ࠸࡚⮬ືⓗ࡞⩦័ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡢ㠀ᖖࡼ࠸㸧ࡣࡁ࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㝈⏺
ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⿵ຓⓗࢃࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊ1950 ᖺฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࢼ࢞ࢾ࣐ࡢࠗBasic Japanese Course࠘క࠺ὶᬸࡉࡢ⦎⩦ࡢࡓࡵࡢᩍᮦࡋ࡚ࢃࢀࡿࡇࡀពᅗࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
ࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠗFLN࠘ࡀ50࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢᑐࡋࠊࡇࡕࡽࡣࡑࡢᩘࢆ140ቑࡸ
ࡋࠊࠕࡼࡾᗈ࠸㡿ᇦࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡍࡿࡇດࡵࡓࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࠶ᩍᖌࡓࡕࡢ㓄៖ࡶ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠊ ࡇࢀࢆࡗࡓ⦎⩦ἲࡀヲࡋࡃㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠗFLN࠘ࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊSubstitution Table ࡣࠊᣑࡉࢀ࡚ 1952 ᖺࡢࠗSubstitution Tables࠘ࠊGrammar and Constructionࡣࠊࡸࡣࡾᣑࡉࢀ࡚ࠗGrammar and Glossary࠘Ⓨ
ᒎࡋࡓࠋᚋ⪅ࡣࠊᡓᚋࡢࢼ࢞ࢾ࣐ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࡢ୰࡛ࡶከࡃࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍᖌࡓࡕࡀࡇࢀᏛࢇࡔゝ
ࢃࢀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢᩥἲࡸ⏝ἲࢆࢃࡾࡸࡍࡃⱥㄒ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓྡⴭࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿࠋᨵゞ∧ࠗFirst
Lessons in Japanese࠘ࡣࠊ㛗┤ࡀஸࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࠶ࡶ∧ࢆ㔜ࡡࠊ2010ᖺࡢ⌧ᅾࡇࢀࢆ∧ඖ
ὀᩥࡍࡿࠊ1992ᖺ6᭶10᪥Ⓨ⾜ࡢᨵゞ14∧ࡀᡭධࡿࠋ
㛗┤ࡢᡓ๓࣭ᡓ୰࣭ᡓᚋ
㛗┤ࡣࠊᡓ๓⣙20 ᖺ㛫ࢆ࣓ࣜ࢝ேᐉᩍᖌࡸ࣓ࣜ࢝㤋ࡢㄒᏛᑗᰯࡓࡕ᪥ᮏㄒ
ࢆᩍ࠼ࠊᡓத୰ࡢ4ᖺࢆ୰ᅜ㝣ཬࡧᮾ༡ࢪࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᬑཬࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱
⯆࡛ㄪᰝ࣭◊✲࣭ᩍᮦ㛤Ⓨࡘ࠸࡚୰ᚰⓗᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋࠊᡓᚋࡣࡧ࣓ࣜ࢝ேࡢ⫃ྜᅜ
㌷㛵ಀ⪅ࡸᐉᩍᖌࡓࡕ᪥ᮏㄒࢆᩍ࠼ࠊ1948ᖺࡣ㈈ᅋἲேゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ㝃ᒓᮾி᪥ᮏㄒᏛ
ᰯࢆタ❧ࡋ࡚ᰯ㛗ᑵ௵ࠊ1973ᖺஸࡃ࡞ࡿࡲ࡛᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ᚑࡋ⥆ࡅࡓࠋᡓத୰ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ ᩍ⫱⯆࡛ࡢࡢᮇ㛫ࡣỴࡋ࡚㛗࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᅜᐙⓗ࡞ᴗ῝ࡃࢃࡗࡓ≉
ู࡞ᮇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㛗┤ࡀぶࡋࢇ࡛ࡁࡓⱥ⡿ࢆᩛࡋࡓᡓத୰ࡢࡇࡢᮇࢆࠊ㛗┤ࡣ
࠺⏕ࡁࡓࡢࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࠗFirst Lessons in Nnppongo࠘(1945)ࢆ㏻ࡋ᳨࡚ドࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
᪥ᮏࡢᩋᡓࡣࠊከࡃࡢேࠎࡁ࡞ᡴᧁࢆ࠼ࠊᾏእ࡛᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ᚑࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ ᖌࡓࡕࡢ୰ࡣࠊᐜᡤ㏦ࡽࢀࡿ࡞㐣㓞࡞⤒㦂ࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࡓ⪅ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰࡛ࠊ 㛗┤ࡣ⤊ᡓࡢ๓ᚋࢆఇࡴࡇ࡞ࡃࠊὸ㔝㭯Ꮚࡽ௨๓ࡽࡢྠඹࠊ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ
ࡋࡳᩍ⛉᭩⦅⧩ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
⤊ᡓࡢࡁ㛗┤ࡀ᪥ᮏ࠸࡚ࠊ⫋ሙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⚄⏣ࡢ୕ᓮ㤋ࡶ⮬Ꮿࡶ↝ኻࢆචࢀࠊ≀⌮
ⓗኻ࠺ࡶࡢࡀᑡ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࠊࡲࡓࠕᩋᡓࠖࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡘ࡚㛗┤ࡢぶࡋࢇࡔ࣓ࣜ࢝
ࡢὶࡀάࡋࡓࡇࡀࠊࡑࢀࢆྍ⬟ࡋࡓࠋ㐃ྜᅜ㌷ࡢ㛵ಀ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࣓ࣜ࢝ேᑗᰯࡽࡢ
୰ࡣࠊᡓ๓ࡢ࣓ࣜ࢝㤋࡛ࡢ㛗┤ࡢᩍ࠼Ꮚࡸࠊ࣓࡛ࣜ࢝㛗ࡢᩍ⛉᭩࡛᪥ᮏㄒࢆ
Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡓ⪅ࡀ࠸࡚ࠊ㛗┤ࡣᙼࡽ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࡢᖌࡋ࡚ಙ㢗ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࢀຍ࠼࡚ࠊ ὸ㔝㭯Ꮚࡽ᭷⬟࡞ྠᜨࡲࢀࡓࡇࡶᖾ㐠࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
࣓ࣜ࢝ேᑗᰯࡽࡀᡓᚋࠊ㛗┤౫㢗ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊࠕᡓ๓㤋ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏛᰯࡢάࠖ
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᚋᖺࠊࡇࡢࡢࡇࢆᅇࡋࠊὸ㔝㭯Ꮚࡢᑐㄯࡢ୰࡛㛗┤ࡣࠕ⚾ࡣࡉࡽ
࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㣤ࢆ㣗࠺ࡢࡶᛮࡗ୍࡚ᗘࡣ᩿ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ[㈈ᅋἲேゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ 1981㸸241]ࠖ
ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ㛗┤ࡀࡇࡢヰࢆཷࡅࡓࡢࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆ࡸඖ࣓ࣜ࢝
㤋࡛㛗┤ࢆຓࡅ࡚᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࢃࡿࢆࡋ࡚ࡁࡓேࠎ⫋ࢆ☜ಖࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞
࠸࠸࠺㈐௵ࠊ౫㢗ேࡀᡓத୰⡿ᅜ࡛㛗┤↓᩿࡛ࡑࡢⴭసࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡢࠕ㉢
⨥ⓗ࡞ពࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠊ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡶ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᕼᮃ㏻ࡾࡸࢀゝࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࠖࡓࡇࡀࡓࡿ⌮⏤࡛
࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࠋࡡ࡚ᵓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠗᶆ‽᪥ᮏㄒㆫᮏ࠘ࡢᨵゞࡑࡢᒓᩍᮦ୍ᘧࢆࠊ⡿㌷ࡢ ᨭࢆཷࡅ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿᶵࡀ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡇࡣࠊ㛗┤ࡗ࡚ព⩏῝࠸ࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࠕ࠶
ࢀࡣ༨㡿㌷࡛࠾㔠ࡢࡇࢆ⪃࠼࡞࠸࡛ࡸࡗࡓࡽ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠖࠊ㛗┤ࡣᚋㄒࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿ[㈈ᅋἲேゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ1981㸸241]ࠋ
㛗┤ࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣࡢࡁ࡞ኚࡢ୰࡛ࠊືࡌࡿࡇࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࡣ㍍ࠎࡣゝ࠼࡞
࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊ⤖ᯝⓗ⤯࠼㛫࡞ࡃ᪥ᮏㄒࢆᩍ࠼ࠊᩍᮦ㛤Ⓨࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊᙼࡢே
⏕ࢆ㈏࠸࡚࠸ࡓゝㄒᩍ⫱⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢಙᛕࠊ20௦࡛ฟࡗࡓࣃ࣮࣐࣮ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓ㐠⏝
ຊࢆࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢᩍᤵἲᩍᮦࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ≧ἣࡶᑐᛂྍ⬟࡛ࠊᡓୗࡢᶒຊࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡇ
ࢀࢆྰᐃࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡞ࡃࠊ㛗┤⮬㌟ࠊ୍➽ࡢ㐨ࢆṌࢇ࡛࠸ࡿᐇឤࢆᣢࡘࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ
ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
1955ᖺࡢኟࠊ㛗┤ࡀᰯ㛗ࢆົࡵ࡚࠸ࡓ㈈ᅋἲேゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ㝃ᒓᮾி᪥ᮏㄒᏛᰯࡢ㍍
ἑศᰯ࡛5᪥㛫ࢃࡓࡗ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓ➨6ᅇ᪥ᮏㄒᩍᖌኟᮇㅮ⩦࠾ࡅࡿ㛗┤ࡢㅮ⩏㘓
࡛ࠊ㛗┤ࡣゝㄒ⩦ᚓࡢࡓࡵࡢ㸳ࡘࡢ⩦ᛶࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ➨୍ࠕ⪥ࢆࡼࡃ
ാࡏ࡚ṇࡋࡃほᐹࡍࡿࡇࠖࠊ➨ࠕࡑࢀࢆ┿ఝ࡚ྠࡌࡼ࠺⌧ࡍࡿࡇࠖࠊ➨୕ࠕࡍ
ࡽࡍࡽゝ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ཱྀ࡞ࡽࡋࢆࡍࡿࡇࠖࠊ➨ᅄࠕ㡢ព≀ࢆࡃࡗࡘࡅࡿࡇࠖࠊࡑࡋ
࡚➨ࠕ㢮᥎࡛ྠᵝࡢᩥࢆసࡿࡇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢㄝ᫂ࡢ࠶Substitution Tableࢆ⤂
ࡋࠊࡇࡢ⦎⩦ἲࡀࠊࡇࡢᣢㄽᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᐇ㊶࡛ຠᯝࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚ࡁࡓㄝ᫂ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿ[㈈ᅋἲேゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ1981㸸61㸫64]ࠋྠࡌㅮ⩏ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ㛗┤ࡣࠕゝⴥ࠸࠺ࡢ ࡣ⩦࠺ࡁࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚⦎⩦ࡍࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ[㈈ᅋἲேゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ 1981㸸40]ࠖࠕゝⴥ
ࢆ࡞ࡽ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡣ⌮ᒅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚⦎⩦ࡀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋṦึṌ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⦎⩦ࡀ➨୍࡛࠶
ࡿࡇࢆᛀࢀ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸[㈈ᅋἲேゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ1981㸸41]ࠖㄝ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
௦ᢠࡗ࡚ࡣࠊάືࡢሙࢆᣢࡕ⥆ࡅࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㛗┤ࡣ௦ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࡋ
࡞ࡸᑐᛂࡋࡘࡘࠊࡋࡋࠊゝㄒࡢ⩦ᚓࢆ┠ᶆࡋࡓゝㄒᩍ⫱ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢಙᛕࢆ᭤
ࡆࡿࡇࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡳ࡚ࡁࡓSubstitution Tableࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⨨⦎⩦ࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ
ࡽ㑅ᐃࡉࢀ᫆ࡽ㞴㑅ࡤࢀࡓึ⣭ᩥᆺࡢࢩࣛࣂࢫࡣࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡀㄡ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺࡞♫ⓗᩥ⬦ࡀ
࠶ࢁ࠺ࡶࠊ⡆༢࡞᪥ᮏㄒࡢ㐠⏝ຊࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡓ࠸ሙྜࡣ㏻⏝ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᚲせࡉ
ࢀࡿ⌧ሙᚲせ࡞ᙧ࡛ᥦ౪ࡋࡼ࠺ࠊᡓத୰ࡣᮾ༡ࢪㅖㄒࡼࡿ⩻ヂ∧ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊࠕᮾளࡢ
᪥ᮏㄒࠖᬑཬࡢࡓࡵࡢᩍᮦ㛤Ⓨࡶ✚ᴟⓗྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࠊ⮬ࡽࡢಙࡎࡿᩍᤵἲ⌮ㄽᇶ࡙࠸࡚20 ௦ࡽ◊㛑ࢆ✚ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓᡂᯝࢆࠊᡓᚋఏ࠼ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࠾ࢃࡾ
ゝㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧ሙࡣࠊᨻ⟇ࡸ♫ⓗ⎔ቃ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚ኚࡋࡸࡍ࠸࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ௦ࡢࢽ
࣮ࢬᩄឤᛂ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࡣࡶ┒ࢇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᡓத୰ࡢࠕᮾளࡢඹ㏻ㄒࠖࡋ࡚ࡢ᪥ᮏ ㄒᬑཬᨻ⟇ࡣࠊከࡃࡢேࡀືဨࡉࢀ࡚᪥ᮏㄒᩍᖌ࡞ࡾࠊᡓᚋࡣࡑࡢ༙ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒᩍᖌࡢ
ࢆኻࡗࡓࠋ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡼࡿ᪥ᮏㄒᬑཬᨻ⟇✵ⓑᮇ㛫ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡓࡵࠊᡓᚋ᪥ᮏࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱
ࡣ✵ⓑᮇࡀ࠶ࡗࡓゝࢃࢀࡿࡇࡶከ࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢ௦ࢆ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ᚑࡋࡘ࡙ࡅࠊ
௦ࢆࡘ࡞࠸ࡔே≀ࡀ࠸ࡓࡇࢆᡃࠎࡣᛀࢀࡿࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ゝㄒᩍᖌࡗ࡚Ꮫ⩦⪅ࢽ࣮ࢬࡸ♫ⓗࢽ࣮ࢬᛂ࠼ࡿࡢࡣᐟゝࡗ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊ Ꮫ⩦⪅ಶேࡢࢽ࣮ࢬᨭ㓄ⓗ࡞♫ⓗࢽ࣮ࢬࠊࡑࡢゝㄒࡢᬑཬࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿᅜᐙࡢࢽ࣮ࢬᏛ⩦
⪅ࡢᒓࡍࡿᅜᐙࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࡀ㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡶ⌋ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡢࡀࠊእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧ሙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼
ࡤ᪥ᮏ♫ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬᛂ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿవࡾࠊ᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ┈ࢆᦆ࡞࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡇࡣ࠶
ࡾᚓ࡞࠸ࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡀࠊఱࢆࡁࡗࡅᏛ⩦ࢆᚿࡋࠊࡑࡢゝㄒࢆࡗ࡚ఱࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࡣ␗
࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ࠶ࡿእᅜㄒࡀ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢᏛ⩦ࢆᨭࡍࡿࡓࡵ
ゝㄒᩍᖌࡀ࠸࡚ࠊᩍᮦࡸᩍᤵἲࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡔࡋࡓࡽࠊࠕࡑࡢゝㄒࡀ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞
ࡿ㸭ࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺┠ⓗࡼࡗ࡚ಙ㢗㛵ಀࢆ⤖ࡪࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ♫≧ἣࡢዴఱࢃ
ࡽࡎࠊᩍᐊࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᏛ⩦⪅ᩍᖌࡢಙ㢗ࡼࡗ࡚ᡂ❧ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡾᚓࡿࡋࠊ♫≧ἣࡀኚ
ࢃࡗ࡚ࡶࡑࡢᡂᯝࡀḟࡢ௦ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
㛗┤ࡢ㊊㊧ࡸࡑࡢṧࡋࡓᩍᮦࡣࠊࡇࡢഔฟࡋࡓಶேࡀࠊࡑࡢ⏕ࢆཷࡅࡓ௦ᡂࡋᚓࡓ
୍ᅇᛶࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୍⯡ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊ㛗┤ࡢࡢጼໃࡽࠊᡃࠎ ࡣゝㄒᩍ⫱⪅ࡢᮏ㉁ࡣఱ࠸࠺ၥ࠸ࡢ㈗㔜࡞♧၀ࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
࠙ㅰ㎡ࠚ
ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊ➹⪅ࡀ㸦㈈㸧ゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤࡢᡤእ◊✲ဨࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ㛗┤㸦1894-1973㸧ᖺ
㆕ࠖ㸦2009㸧ࡢసᡂ➼ᚑࡍࡿ㐣⛬࡛㜀ぴࡋࡓྠ◊✲ᡤࡢᡤⶶ㈨ᩱᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㈗
㔜࡞ᶵࢆ࠼࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓ㸦㈈㸧ゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ㸦⌧࣭Ꮫᰯἲே㛗ࢫࢡ࣮ࣝ㸧ࡢ㛵ಀ⪅
ࡢⓙࡉࡲ⾺ᚰࡼࡾឤㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
࠙ὀࠚ
1) 㛗┤㸦1960㸧ࠗEnglish Fluency Exercises㸫Substitution and Conversation Tables㸫㸦ⱥㄒཱྀ័ࡽࡋ
⦎⩦㸧࠘㛤ᣅ♫ࠋ㛗ࡢⱥㄒᩍᮦࡢࣟࣥࢢࢭ࣮ࣛࠗᡂே⏝⤌⧊ⓗⱥヰ㐌㛫㸦ᇶ♏⦅㸧࠘㸦1960㸧ࡢᩥᆺ⦎
⩦ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵసࡽࢀࡓ184࣮࣌ࢪࡢᑠᏊ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
2) ࠗᶆ‽᪥ᮏㄒㆫᮏ࠘‽ᣐࡋࡓࠕࢢ࣐࣮ࣛࣀ࣮ࢺࠖࡣࠊ㛗┤ࡀࠕᩥἲࡀ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸⏕ᚐࡀ࠶ࡗ
࡚ࠊࡑࡢேࡢࡓࡵ᭩࠸࡚ࡸࡗࡓࡶࡢ[᪥ᮏㄒᩍᖌ㐃┕⦅1969㸸59]࡛ࠖ⡿ᅜ㤋ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ㛫ὶ ᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡓㅞ∧༳ๅࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊᙼࡽࡀ࣓ࣜ࢝ᣢࡕᖐࡾࠊ㛗ࡢࢢ࣐࣮ࣛࣀ࣮ࢺࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
3) H.E.Palmer1923ࠗColloquial English Part Ϩ,100Substitution Tables࠘Cambridge, W. Heffer & Sons Ltd.
4) ࡓࡔࡋලయⓗ࡞⌧ࢀࡣ㛗┤ࡢࡶࡢࣃ࣮࣐࣮ࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ␗࡞ࡿⅬࡀከ࠸ࠋࣃ࣮࣐࣮ࡢࡶࡢࡣ⾲ࡶ」㞧
࡛ᩘࡶከ࠸ࡀࠊ㛗┤ࡣ⾲ࡢᵓᡂࢆ༢⣧ࡋࠊᩥἲ࣭ㄒᙡࢆ᫆ࡽ㞴୪ࡓࢩࣛࣂࢫἢࡗ࡚࠸ࡸࡍ
࠸ࡶࡢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[ᒣୗ⚽㞝1997a㸸113-114]ࠋ
5) ࠗSubstitution Tables࠘㸦1952ᖺ9᭶ึ∧ࠊ1965ᖺ11᭶ቑๅ㸧㛗㢼♫㸦ࠗBasic Japanese Course࠘ጞࡲࡿ
୍㐃ࡢ㛗ᩍᮦࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࡢᩍᮦࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚Ⓨ⾜ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ㸧ࡢࠕIntroductionࠖࡢෑ㢌㒊ศࠋཎᩥࡣⱥ
ᩥ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒヂࡣἙ㊰ࡼࡿࠋ
6) 1943ᖺඖ᪦ࡼࡾ1956ᖺ7᭶1᪥ࡲ࡛ࠊࠗThe JapanTimes࠘ࡣࠗTheNippon Times࠘ᨵ㢟ࡉࢀࠊ♫
ྡࡶ᪥ᮏࢱ࣒ࢬ♫㸦The Nippon Times, Ltd.㸧࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
7) ྠࡌᮇࠊ㞧ㄅࠕ࢟ࣥࢢ㺁ࡣࠕᐩኈ㺁ࠊࡲࡓ㖟ᗙࡢࠕ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ㠐ᗑ㺁ࡣࠕᮾ᮲㠐ᗑࠖ࡞ࡿ࡞ࠊእ᮶ㄒ
ࡼࡿ࢝ࢱ࢝ࢼྡࡢ㐌หㄅࡸᗑྡࡀኚ᭦ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
8) ࠗJapan Times Weekly(1943ᖺ1᭶ࡽࡣ Nippon Times Weekly)࠘ࡣẖ㐌ᮌ᭙᪥Ⓨ⾜ࡉࢀࡓࠋࠕElementary Japanese Courseࠖࡣࠊ1942ᖺ9᭶17᪥ྕ㸦Vol.13,No.13㸧ࡽ1943ᖺ10᭶7᪥ྕ㸦Vol.16,No.6㸧ࡲ࡛
ࡰẖྕ㐃㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ1942ᖺ9᭶24᪥ྕ㸦Vol.13.No.14㸧ࠊྠᖺ10᭶8᪥ྕ㸦Vol.13,No.8㸧,1943ᖺ9
᭶16᪥ྕ㸦Vol.16,No.3㸧ࡢࡳࠊఇ㍕࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
9) ࠼ࡤࠕSubstitution Table No.50ࠖ(1943ᖺ10᭶7᪥ࠊVol.16,No.6)ࡣࠊ⦎⩦ၥ㢟ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡢゎ⟅ぢࡽ
ࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢࡳࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
10) 㞧ㄅᥖ㍕ࡣ୕ᡤ⌧ࢀࡓࠕࡌࡹࢇࡉࠖ࠸࠺ㄒࡀࠊࠗFLN࡛࠘ࡣNo.11࡛ࡣࠕ࠾࠺ࡉࢇࠖNo.27࡛
ࡣࠕ࠾ࢇ࡞ࠖNo.41࡛ࡣࠕ࠾ࡌ࠸ࡉࢇࠖ௦ࢃࡗ࡚ࠊᾘ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
11) 㧗ᶫ୍ኵࡣࡇࡢ㒊ศࠕ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣFirst Lessons in Japanese ࡢྡ࡛ห⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ᭩ࡁῧ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㧗 ᶫ㸦1962㸧⤂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㛗┤ࡢᩍ⛉᭩ࡣࡇࢀࡀ᭱ࡶྂ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋฟ∧♫ྡࡀࠕ᪥ᮏᩥ
ฟ∧♫ࠖ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣᡓᚋࡢ∧࡛ࠊึ∧ࡣ㛤ᣅ♫ࡀṇࡋ࠸ࠋ
12) (㈈)ゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ㝃ᒓᮾி᪥ᮏㄒᏛᰯ㸦⌧㸸㛗ࢫࢡ࣮ࣝ㸧ࡢ๓ᰯ㛗ࠊ㛗⨾ዉᏊẶࡀ㏥௵㝿ࡋ࡚㒊ᒇ ࡢᩚ⌮ࢆࡋ࡚Ⓨぢࡉࢀࠊ▱ࡽࡏ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓࠋ㛗┤ࡢ➹㊧࡛⾲⣬ࠕ㔜せ᭩㢮ࠖ᭩ࢀࡓࣀ࣮ࢺ࡛ࠊ 33࣮࣌ࢪࢃࡓࡗ࡚࣌ࣥ᭩ࡁ࡛ᩍᮦࡢᇳ➹ࠊฟ∧ィ⏬࡞ࡀ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
13) ྠ᭩ෑ㢌ࡢ㛗┤ࡼࡿࠕࡣࡋࡀࡁࠖ㸦1943ᖺ3᭶㸧ࡼࡾࠋ 14) 㛗⨾ዉᏊẶࡼࡾ2008ᖺ㡭࠺ࡀࡗࡓࠋ
15) ➹⪅ࡀ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠗFirst Lessons in Nippongo࠘ࡢ᭱ᚋࡢࡶࡢࡣࠕ1951ᖺ7᭶5᪥➨7∧Ⓨ⾜ࠖ࠸࠺ዟࡢ
࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
16) 㛗┤ࡣ1946ᖺ7᭶ᅜㄒᑂ㆟ࡢ⮫ጤဨࠊ1949ᖺ㸵᭶ࡣ࣮࣐ࣟᏐᑂ㆟ㄪᰝࡢጤဨᑵ௵ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ1955ᖺ8᭶1᪥ࡽ5᪥㛫ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ᐇࡉࢀࡓ➨6ᅇ᪥ᮏㄒᩍᖌኟᮇㅮ⩦࠾ࡅࡿ㛗┤ࡢㅮ
⩏㘓ࡼࡿ㛗┤ࡣࡇࡢࡁࠊ⌮ㄽⓗࡣカ௧ᘧࡢ᪉ࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛カ௧ᘧࢆ᥎⸀ࡋࡓࠋ ⱥ⡿ேࡢࡓࡵⓎ㡢グྕࡋ࡚࠺ࡣ࣊࣎ࣥᘧࡀ౽ࡔࡀࠊ୍⯡ㄽࡋ࡚᪥ᮏㄒࢆ࣮࣐ࣟᏐ⾲グࡍࡿ᭱
ࡶ㐺ᙜ࡞ࡢࡣカ௧ᘧ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࢆ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚ࡶᨭ㞀ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ㏙࡚࠸ࡿ[㈈ᅋἲேゝㄒᩥ◊
✲ᡤ1981㸸154]ࠋ
࠙ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠚ
ὸ㔝㭯Ꮚ1944ࠕ㛗┤ⴭ ᪥ᮏㄒࡢึṌ ᭩ホࠖࠗ᪥ᮏㄒ࠘➨ᅄᕳ➨ྕ㸪pp.24㸫25
㛗㇂ᕝᜏ㞝1997ࠕ㛗┤ⴭࠗᶆ‽᪥ᮏㄒㆫᮏ࠘⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ㏵ࠖࠗ㸦㈈㸧ゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱㈨ᩱྀ᭩
้ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ➨1ᅇ ゎㄝ࠘pp.9㸫19
ࢪࣕࣃࣥࢱ࣒ࢬ⦅1966ࠗThe Japan Timesࡶࡢࡀࡓࡾ̿ᩥஂඖᖺ㸦1861㸧ࡽ⌧௦ࡲ࡛̿࠘ࢪࣕࣃࣥࢱ࣒ࢬ Ἑ㊰⏤ె2007ࠕ㛗┤ࡼࡿᩋᡓ┤ᚋࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍᖌ㣴ᡂㅮᗙ̿̿1945ᖺᗘᚋ༙࣭ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆࠘ࡽࠗゝ
ㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ࠘̿̿ࠖࠗ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱◊✲࠘➨52ྕ,pp.1-33
Ἑ㊰⏤ె2008ࠕ㛗┤ࡽࡼࡿᡓᚋ᪩ᮇࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࡢࡓࡵࡢㄪᰝ◊✲̿̿1945-1946ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆࠘
ࡽࠗゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ࠘㸦ࡑࡢ㸰㸧̿̿ࠖࠗ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱◊✲࠘➨53ྕ,pp.1-43
Ἑ㊰⏤ె⦅2009ࠕ❧⪅㛗┤㸦1894-1973㸧ᖺ㆕ࠖࠗᮾி᪥ᮏㄒᏛᰯ㛤ᰯ60࿘ᖺグᛕㄅ࠘㈈ᅋἲேゝㄒᩥ◊
✲ᡤ㝃ᒓᮾி᪥ᮏㄒᏛᰯ㸪pp.97㸫110
Ἑ㊰⏤ె2010ࠕ1945࣭1946ᖺࠗ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆࠘ࡽࠗゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ࠘̿̿⤊ᡓ๓ᚋࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ྐࡢࠕ㏻
ㄝࠖ⪃̿̿ࠖࠗ➨ḟᡓᮇ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆ࡢάື㛵ࡍࡿホ౯ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᇶ♏ⓗ◊✲ ᖹᡂ18ᖺᗘ
̿20ᖺᗘ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠ᇶ┙◊✲㸦B㸧ㄢ㢟␒ྕ18320085 ሗ࿌㸱㸸◊✲௦⾲⪅ 㛗㇂ᕝᜏ㞝࠘㸪pp㸬 29㸫55
Ἑ㊰⏤ె⦅2010ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⯆㆟㘓㸦1941ᖺ8᭶25᪥̿1945ᖺ12᭶27᪥㸧ࠖࠗ➨ḟᡓᮇ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱
⯆ࡢάື㛵ࡍࡿホ౯ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᇶ♏ⓗ◊✲ ᖹᡂ18ᖺᗘ̿20ᖺᗘ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠ᇶ┙◊✲㸦B㸧
ㄢ㢟␒ྕ 18320085 ሗ࿌㸰㸸◊✲௦⾲⪅ 㛗㇂ᕝᜏ㞝࠘㸪pp㸬101㸫240
㛗┤1941ࠕእᅜㄒᩍᤵࡅࡿẕᅜㄒࡢ⨨ࠖࠗ᪥ᮏㄒ࠘➨୍ᕳ➨୕ྕ,pp㸬17㸫21
㛗┤1942ࠕ⌧ᐇࢆ┤どࡏࡼࠖࠗ᪥ᮏㄒ࠘➨ᕳ➨ྕ,ᕳ㢌ゝ
㛗┤⦅1943ࠗᮾளࡢᇶᮏ⏝ㄒ㞟࠘ᮾளฟ∧ᰴᘧ♫
᪥ᮏㄒᩍᖌ㐃┕⦅1969ࠕᑐㄯ̿̿㛗┤ඛ⏕᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࠖࠗࡓࡼࡾ࠘➨34ྕ㸪pp㸬48㸫60
㛵ṇ 1997ࠕࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ᩥἲࠖࡢὶࢀ̿̿ᡓ๓࣭ᡓ୰࣭ᡓᚋึᮇ̿̿ࠖࠗ㸦㈈㸧ゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱㈨ᩱ
ྀ᭩ ้ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ➨1ᅇ ゎㄝ࠘pp.20㸫33
㧗ᶫ୍ኵ1962ࠕ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠖࠗ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࡢࡓࡵ̿̿ห‽ഛྕ࠘᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱Ꮫ,pp21㸫29
Ᏹ㒔ᐑ┤㈼1983࣓ࠗࣜ࢝͆㹑͇ὴ㐵㝲࠘Ⱗ᭩ᡣ
ᒣୗ⚽㞝 1997aࠕ⌧௦᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ※ὶࢆࡓࡎࡡ࡚㸦ϻ㸧̿̿㛗┤ࡢฟⓎࡑࡢᩍ⛉᭩࣭ᤵᴗࡢᐇ㝿ࢆࡵࡄ
ࡗ࡚ࠖࠗ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࡢᣦᑟ⌮ㄽᐇ㊶άືࡢྐⓗ◊✲̿ṇ࣭ᮇࡽ⌧௦⮳ࡿ̿ ᖹᡂ 7 ᖺᗘ㸫8 ᖺ ᗘ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠(ᇶ┙◊✲( c )( 2 )) ◊✲ᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩㸦◊✲௦⾲⪅ 㛗Ᏺே㸧࠘
ᒣୗ⚽㞝1997㹠ࠕ➨1ᅇ้∧ࡢཎᮏ㛗┤ࠖࠗ㸦㈈㸧ゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱㈨ᩱྀ᭩ ้ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ➨
1ᅇ ゎㄝ࠘pp.63㸫84
ᒣୗ⚽㞝 2000ࠕ⌧௦᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ※ὶࢆࡓࡎࡡ࡚ࠝ⥆⦅ࠞ㸦Ϲ㸧̿̿ᡓ୰ᮇྥ࠺௦ⓗ⫼ᬒ㛗┤ࡢ
᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱̿̿ࠖࠗ᪥⡿୧ᅜࡢ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱⌮ㄽᐇ㊶άືࡢᒎ㛤㐃㛵̿ᡓ๓࣭ᡓ୰ᮇࡼࡾ⌧௦⮳ࡿ̿̿
ᖹᡂ9 ᖺᗘ̿ 11 ᖺᗘ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠(ᇶ┙◊✲( c )( 2 ))◊✲ᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩㸦◊✲௦⾲⪅ 㛗Ᏺே㸧࠘pp㸬 39㸫57
㈈ᅋἲேゝㄒᩥ◊✲ᡤ1981ࠗ㛗┤᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱࠘㸦 㛤ᣅ♫㸧
Formation and development of First Lessons in Nippongo (1945)by NAGANUMA Naoe
̿ Works of NAGANUMA Naoe from the 1920s to the 1950s̿
KAWAJI Yuka
The first edition of First Lessons in Nippongo, a Japanese textbook, written in English by NAGANUMA Naoe(1894-1973), was published in February 1945. It was reprinted in February 1946 soon after World War II. In May 1952, it underwent a revision dealing with the type of Romanized text used and the title was changed to First Lessons in Japanese㸬
During wartime, for a year from September 1942, NAGANUMA Naoe serialized his
“Elementary Japanese Course”, which mainly consists of substitution tables and drills in the Japan Times Weekly(from 1943-1956, the magazine name was changed to Nippon Times Weekly). First Lessons in Nippongo was compiled and edited from the serialized articles.
Japanese circumstances changed drastically during wartime from his first edition in February 1945 to his second edition in February 1946, just after the war. But an introduction written by NAGANUMA Naoe in English didn't have to be corrected, and the same version was reprinted and became a long time seller in the post war period.
It became clear by a hand-written memo of NAGUNUMA Naoe that a translated edition for Southeast Asia was planned during wartime but did not materialize.
This fact proves that NAGANUMA Naoe accepted the request of the government, while he did not change the contents of his textbook based on his teaching methodology, during wartime and the postwar period.
The differences between the serialized magazine articles that first appeared and the first edition of his textbook were analyzed through this research. And the differences with the revision in 1952 were also analyzed. The differences with the Substitution Tables, used lengthily by the NAGANUMA School, were also scrutinized. In addition, the situation of teaching Japanese, the publication environment, and the changes in publication plans, during wartime and the postwar period, were confirmed.
This research elucidated changes which occurred in the teaching of Japanese during wartime and the postwar period, along with focusing on the role achieved by NAGANUMA Naoe.
