著者筒井脩

(1)

シェイクスピアにおけるNatureの意味

著者筒井脩

発行年 2006‑03‑15

URL http://hdl.handle.net/10112/00020463

(2)

╙ච྾┨

Edgar C. Knowlton, “Nature and Shakespeare”, PMLA., LI, 1936, p.719.

A. P. D’Entreves, op. cit., p. 11.

Aristotle,The Art of Rhetoric, The Loeb Classical Library, edited by John Henry Freese, William Heinemann Ltd., 1959, pp. 139-141.

Geoffrey Bush, SHAKESPEARE AND THE NATURAL CONDITION, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1956, p.4.

Graham Bradshaw, Shakespeare’s Scepticism, The Harvester Press Limited, 1987, pp.

4-5.

Harold Jenkins, ed., Hamlet, The Arden Shakespeare, Methuen, 1982, note.

Harold Jenkins, ibid., Introduction, p. 147, p. 153.

Bradshaw, op. cit., p. 5.

Thucydides,History of the Peloponnesian War, translated by Richard Crawley, World Library, Inc., 1997, The Fifth Book, Chapter 17, paragraph 30.

Plato, Francis Macdonald Cornford, ed., The Republic, Oxford, 1961, p. 17.

Kenneth Muir, op. cit., note.

Bradshaw, op. cit., p. 234, p.245.

Bradshaw, ibid., p. 248.

Kenneth Muir, op. cit., note.

Bradshaw, op. cit., pp. 235-236.

E. F. C. Ludowyk, Macbeth, The New Shakespeare text with notes, Cambridge, 1964, note.

Bradshaw, ibid., pp. 242-243.

E. F. C. Ludowyk, op. cit., note.

Bradshaw, ibid., pp.250-251.

╙ੑㇱ ૞ຠ⺰

ߎߩnaturallyߩ⺆ߪ੽⸶ߢߪGreekߩpikrodߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆasprimentߦߥߞߡ

߅ࠅޔ߹ߚMacCallumߪQuite wrong. French means: Since you so bitterly

pursue ingratitude.ߣ ⣉ ᵈ ࠍ ᣉ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ޔH. Heuer ߪ ߎ ߩ

unnaturallyߩ⺆ߦࠃߞߡNorth߇Shakespeare߳ߩ㆏ࠍ㐿޿ߚߣ⸒ߞߡ޿ࠆޕ

ᦝߦNorthߩnatureߦߪthe operative guiding force.ߩᗧ๧ߣthe sacred order

and ultimate appeal.ߩᗧ๧߇ౝ൮ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣㅀߴޔ߹ߚIts negative reverse

is the “unnatural” as opposed to the value implied in what is called “natural”.’ߣ

⸒ߞߡ޿ࠆޕߎࠇߪᒰᤨߩ⥄ὼⷰޔ⒎ᐨⷰߦ⸒෸ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫

Τ

ߢߪH. Heuerߩnature⺰ࠍ૞ຠߦහߒߡี๧ߒߡߺࠃ߁㨫ᓳ⼦ࠍ᳿ᗧߒߚ

CoriolanusߪComminiusߣMeneniusߩ↳ߒ಴ࠍᜎุߒޔޟᆄ߽ޔᲣ߽ޔሶ߽

⑳ߪ⍮ࠄߥ޿ޠ“wife, mother, child, I know not” V.ii.80.ߣ⸒޿ޔRomeߣߩ㑐

ଥߪή⺰ޔⷫሶޔᄦᇚߩ✼ࠍ߽ᢿߣ߁ߣ⠨߃ࠆ㨫ߒ߆ߒኅᣖߩᆫࠍታ㓙ߦ⋡ߦ ߔࠆߣޔᔃߩേំࠍ⑌ߓᓧߥ޿ߢ,ޟήߊߥߞߡߒ߹߃ޔ⡺ⷫߩᖱߥߤޕ⡺ⷫ

ߩ⚷߿․ᮭߥߤߺߥᢿߜಾࠇࠆ߇޿޿ޠ̌But out, affection ! / All bond and

privilege of nature break !̍V. iii. 24-25ߣ⸒޿ޔaffectionࠍᢿߜnatureࠍุቯ

ߔࠆࠃ߁⥄ࠄߦปງߔࠆ㨫ⷫሶߩ⚷ޔᄦᇚߩ⚷ࠍᢿߟߎߣ߇nature ߦ෻ߔࠆ

ߎߣޔunnaturalߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪ᣿⊕ߢ޽ࠆ㨫

߹ߚᕷሶMartiusߩᆫࠍ⷗ߡޔ⡺ⷫߩᖱᛥ߃㔍ߊޔᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⸒߁㨫

... and my young boy

Hath an aspect of intercession which Great nature cries, ‘Deny not.’

V. iii. 31-33 ߘࠇߦᐜ޿ᕷሶ߽ຟ㗿ߩ㗻ߟ߈ߢޔ

ᄢ⥄ὼ߇ޟᜎุߔࠆߥޠߣตࠎߢ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߛޕ

Coriolanusߪຟ㗿ߒߡ޿ࠆᕷሶߦኻߒߡ಄᷆ߥᘒᐲࠍߣࠆߎߣ߇great nature

ߦ෻ߔࠆߎߣࠍචಽߦ⹺⼂ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫

Volumniaߚߜ߇዆ߨߡ᧪ߚℂ↱ߪ᣿⊕ߢ޽ࠅޔ⸒޿಴ߔߢ޽ࠈ߁གྷ㗿ߦ⡊

╙ච੖┨

ࠍ⾉ߐߥ޿ߎߣ߇ unnatural ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߽ᛚ⍮ߒߡ޿ࠆ᡿ߦޔVolu

߇གྷ mnia

㗿ࠍ⸒޿಴ߔ೨ߦ੍㒐✢ࠍᒛߞߡޔ

Do not bid me

Dismiss my soldiers, or capitulate Again with Rome’s me chanics.

T ell me not

Wherein I seem unnatural.

V . iii. 83-84

౓჻ߩ⸃ᢔ߿ޔࡠ࡯ࡑߩ⡯ੱߚߜߣౣᐲ

੤ᷤߖࠃߣઔࠄߥ޿ߢߊߛߐ޿ޕᜎุߒߚ߆ࠄߣ

޿ߞߡ⑳߇ੱᖱߦ෻ߔࠆࠃ߁ߛߣ߅ߞߒ߾ࠄߥ޿ߢߊߛߐ޿ޕ

ߣ⸒߁ߩߢ޽ࠆޕnature

great natur ෸߮

ߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᗧ๧ߪ e

natu ral f eelings

ߢ޽ࠅޔunnatural

natural feelings ߪߘߩ

ߦ෻ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠅޔᦝߦߘߩ⢛ᓟ

ߦߪޔH. Heuer

the operative guiding for ߇⸒߁

ce

the sacred or ෸߮

der and

ultimate appeal ߩᗧ๧߇ౝ൮ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫

߹ߚᐔ᳃ߚߜ߇߆ߟߡ Rom

ߦኻߒߡᄢ߈ߥഞ❣ߩ޽ߞߚ e

Coriolanu

ࠍಣ s

ೃߔߴ߈ߛߣਥᒛߒߚߣ߈ޔ Meneni

߇ߘߩࠃ߁ߥᔓᕲߩⴕὑࠍޔ ᚒ߇ሶࠍ us

unnatural dam 㘩߁

ߦ⼌߃ߡ෻ኻߒߚ߇ޔߎߩ unnatural

߽หߓᗧ๧ߦ↪޿ࠄ

ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㨫Shak espe

ߩઁߩ૞ຠߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥ are

natural ޔunnatur al

߇ߒ߫ߒ߫૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫

Hamlet

ߦ߅޿ߡޔ

Haml ੢㔤߇

ߦኻߒߡޔ ޟ߿ߟߩ㇎ߥᭂᖡ㕖㆏ߩੱᲕߒ et

ߩᓳ⼦ࠍߒߡߊࠇޠ

“Revenge his foul and

most unnatural murder .”I. v . 25

ߣఱ

ߢ޽ࠅޔ࿖₺ߢ޽ߞߚ⥄ಽ ࠍᲥᲕߒޔ૗༟ࠊߧ㗻ߢ₹

ᐳߦ߅ߐ߹ߞߡ޿

ࠆ

Claudius ߦᓳ⼦ߖࠃߣ๮ߓࠆ㨫

Murder ߣ޿߁ᗧᄖߥ⸒⪲ߦ㛳ߊ

Hamlet ߦ੢㔤

ߪᦝߦޟੱᲕߒߪ޿߆ߦᢵ

㈨ߒߡ߽ᭂᖡߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔߎ ࠇߪᭂᖡޔᄸᕋޔ㕖

㆏

ߥ߽ߩߛޠ

“Murder most foul, as in the best it

is;

/ But hi s most foul , str ange, and

unnatural,”

I.v .27-28

unnatur ߣ

ߩ⺆ࠍ➅㄰ߔޕ al

Bernar d Lott

unnatural ߪߎߩ

ߦ㑐ߒߡᰴߩࠃ߁ߦᵈ㉼ࠍᣉߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

Unnatural

… Fo r S hak esp ear e’s audience, t

his wor d was sharpe

r in its

meani ng and im

plicati ons than it i

s toda y . T o d o s om eth ing ‘un nat ura l’ w as

╙ੑㇱ

૞ຠ⺰

Shak ⴣ⓭ࠍ

espe

ߪ are

drama ߦߒߡ߅ࠅޔ

Coriolanus

Grea ߪ

t nature ߩჿߦᛶ

᛫ߒߥ߇ࠄ߽ޔㆀߦߪᓐߩ nature ࠍᦛߍࠆߣ⸒ߞߡ޿ࠆ㨫

ߒ߆

Rom ߒ

ߩ e

nature

Coriol ߣ

ߩ anus

natur

ߣߩኻ┙ߪ e

V ol um

ߩޟ⑳ߩ nia

ᧄᕈࠍ޿

ߟࠊࠅ߽ߒ߹

“I would dis ߒࠂ߁ޠ

semble with m

y n atu re….

”III.ii.62

ߦ┵⊛ߦ⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㨫ኻ┙ߪ⃻ታ⊛ߥ policy ߩὐߦ߅޿ߡߛߌߢޔ ᧄ⾰⊛ߦߪ

หᕈ⾰ߩ߽ߩߥߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫

Rom

ߪァ࿖ߢ޽ࠅ e

ޔߒߚ߇ߞߡ ߘߩ᭴ᚑຬ߇

りߦߟߌࠆߴ ߈ᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥ

ᓼߪാ᳇ߢ޽ࠆޕPlutar ch ߪ‘Now in those dayes, va

lliantnes w as honoured i

n

Rome above all other ver tues : which they called

Virt

, by the name of ver us

tue

selfe, as i ncludi ng in that general

name, all o ther special ver tues beside

s.

So

that Virt us in the Latin, was as mu

che as valliantnes.’

ߣ⸒

ߞߡ

߅ࠅ

ޔ

Corio lanus ߦ߅޿ߡߪ

Corioli

᡹⇛ߦ⪇ޘߒ޿ᵴべࠍߒߚ Coriolanus

ࠍ⒓߃ࠆ

ߣ߈ޔComminius ߪޔ

It is h

eld

That valour is t he chiefest vir tue and

most dignifies the haver .

II.ii.83-85

ാ᳇ߪᦨ㜞ߩ⟤ᓼߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩᓼࠍᜬߟ⠪ߦ

ᦨ㜞ߩᩕ⹷ࠍਈ߃ࠆߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

ߣ⸒ߞߡ޿ࠆ 㨫ാ⁴ᨐᢓߥ

Coriolanus

Rom ߪ

♖␹ߩ૕⃻⠪ߢ e

޽ߞߡޔ

Coriolanus

nature ߩ

Rom ߪ

e

nature ߩ

ߘߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁㨫ߘߒߡ

Coriolanus

nature ߩ

ߩᒻᚑߦᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚߩߪᲣ Volu

ߢ޽ࠆ㨫 mnia

Volu

ߪ mnia

Rom

♖␹ߦᔘታߥ᭴ᚑ e

ຬߢ޽ࠅޔᅚᕈ᡿ߩ߆ߥࠊ ߧᄞࠍ

Coriolanus ߦ⸤ߒߡ߈ߚߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫ᚗࠆߣ߈ޔ

Volu

ߪᐜዋࠃࠅޔ mnia

Coriolanus

fame ߇

ࠍᓧࠆน⢻ᕈߩ޽ࠆߣߎࠈߦߪ༑ࠎߢෂ㒾ࠍ౨ߐߖߚߣ⥄ᘟ᳇ߦ⹤

ߔ㨫ߘ ߩߚ߼ߦᱫ

ߧࠃ߁ߥߎߣ ߇޽ࠇ߫ߤ߁

ߥߐ޿߹ߔߣ

Virg ⸒߁

ߩ⸒⪲ߦ ilia

Then his good repor t should have been my son , I

therein would h ave found issue

. I. iii. 20-21

╙ච੖┨

ߘߩߣ߈ߪ޽ߩሶߩฬჿ߇ᚒ߇ሶߣߥࠅޔߘࠇࠍ

ࠊ߇ሶߣᕁߞߚߎߣߢߒࠂ߁ޕ

Volu ߣ

ߪᐔὼߣ⸒ߞߡ޿ࠆ㨫ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ mnia

ߩߚ߼ޔ fame

good repor

ߩߚ߼ t

nature ߦ

ࠍุቯߔࠆ

Rom ߩ߇

ߩᧄ⾰ e

Rom ߢ޽ࠆޕ

♖␹ߩᮭ e

ൻߢ޽ࠆ

Volu

ߩᢎ⢒ߦࠃߞߡ mnia

Coriolanus

Rom ߪ

♖␹ࠍりߦߟߌߚߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫 e

Volu

ߩགྷ㗿ߦ mnia

Coriolanus

Rom ߇

ߦኻߔࠆᓳ⼦ࠍᢿᔨߔࠆ᭽ࠍ⷗ߡޔ e

Aufid

߇⣁บ⹖ߢ ius

ޟ߅߹

߃ߩਛߢᘏ ᖤᔃߣฬ

⹷ᔃߣ ߇੎޿ࠍᆎ

߼ߚߩߢࠊ

ߒߪሜߒ޿ߙޠ

̌I am glad thou hast se

t thy mer cy and

thy honour / At

difference in the e.̍V . iii. 200-201

ߣ⸒޿ޔᓐߩᒙߺߦਸ਼ߕࠆੌ⷗ߢౝᔃ༑߱

߇ޔᓳ⼦ߩᢿᔨߪ honour

mercy ߦኻߔࠆ

ߩൎ೑ߢ޽ࠅޔߘࠇߪ߹ߚ Rom an

nature

Coriolanus ߦኻߔࠆ

human natu ߩ

ߩൎ೑ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ㨫ᦝߦ re

Aufid ius

߇ޟ߿ߟߪᧄ᧪ߩᕈᩰࠍᦛߍߚޠ“He bowed his nature”

V .vi.25

ߣ⸒߁߇ޔ .

Coriolanus ߘࠇߪ

nature ߇ᝥߡߚ

Rom ߪ

an nature ߢ޽ࠅޔhuman natur

e ߩ

ൎ೑ߢ޽ࠆޕ Coriolanus

Volu ߇

ߦዮ᦯ߒߚߣ߈ޔ ߎߩᗧ๧ߢޔ mnia

G.R. Hibbard

Nature has triumphed ov ߇

er the monstrous.

ߣ⸒ߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠅ

ޔthe

monstrous

Rom ߣߪ

an nature ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫ߎߩࠃ߁ߦࡠ࡯ࡑߩ

nature

L.C. Knights ߪ

wild natu ߩ⸒߁

re ߣᷓߊ߆߆ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆ㨫

Φ

this unnatur

al scene ߦ㑐ߒߡޔ

Philip Br ockba

ߪ nk

Ken neth Muir ߣห᭽ߦޔ

the ‘scene’ her e in the tableau in which the mother unnaturally kneels to her son.

ߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔᦝߦ̆among those who might be suppose d to find the scene

“unnatural” are the gods wh ose graces

Martius imitated un der his mother’s

tutelage

̆Mars and Jove.

ߣ޿߁ᜰ៰

ߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ㨫ߟ߹ࠅ

unnatural ߣ್ᢿ

ߔࠆଔ୯ၮḰ߇

߿ Mars

ߩ Jove

nature

ⷰߦ⟎߆ࠇߡ߅ࠅޔߘࠇߪ The god of

soldiers

Mars ߢ޽ࠅޔ

Coriolanus ߦᔘታߥ

nature ߩ

߇ᧄ⾰⊛ߦ wild nature

ߢ

޽ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫

Philip Br

ockba

߇ nk

The effort to be unnatural is... essent

ial to that kind of integrity which

╙ੑㇱ

૞ຠ⺰

Corioli ߆ߟߡ

᡹⇛ߩഞߦࠃࠅޔ Comminius

߇ᚢ೑ຠߩචಽߩ৻ࠍਈ߃ࠆߣ

⸒ߞߚ߇ޔCoriolanus ߪߘߩ↳ߒ಴ࠍ࿕ㄉߒޔ ઍࠅߦએ೨

Corioli ߩኋߢ਎⹤

ߦߥߞߚ↵߇᝝⯰ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢ㉼᡼ߒߡ᰼ߒ޿ߣ㗿޿಴ࠆߣ߈ޔ

The gods begin to mock me: I, t hat now

Refus’d mo st princely gif

ts, am bound to beg

Of my lord gene ral.

I.ix.78-80

␹ޘߪ⑳ࠍ߆ࠄ߆޿ߪߓ߼ࠄࠇߚޕ ߎߩ਄ߥ޿┙ᵷߥ⿅ࠅ‛ࠍ߅ᢿࠅߒ߹ߒߚߩߦޔ

੹ᐲߪ⑳߇዁ァߦ߅㗿޿ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎޕ

ߣ⸒߁㨫ߎߩ mercy ࠍ╉߁␹ޘߪ

this unnatur al scene

ࠍམ╉ߔࠆ␹ޘߥߩߢ

޽ࠆ㨫㧖

㧖㧖㧖㧖㧖㧖㧖

Macbeth

nature ߦ߅ߌࠆ

ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ L.C. Knights

Ther ߇

e is no vague

philosophy of n atur

e.ߣ⸒ߞߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ

ޔnatural order

Macbeth ߪ

ᄦᆄߩ

unnatural ߥⴕὑߦࠃߞߡ፣უߔࠆ߇ޔ

Macbeth ߩᱫߣ౒ߦ

orde

ߪ࿁ᓳߔࠆ㨫 r

Macbeth ߦߪᒰᤨߩ

natural order

ⷰ߇ߘߩ߹߹ขࠅ౉ࠇࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㨫

King L

ear ߦ߅޿ߡޔEdmund

nature ߩ

wild nature ߇

ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪ೨ߦ⷗

Lear ߚ߇ޔ

nature ߩ

Shak ߦ߽

espe are ߪᚒޘߦ⇼໧ࠍᛴ߆ߖࠆޕLear

߇Ꮖࠇ

ߩᗧߦᷝࠊߥ޿

Cordelia ࠍޟ⥄ὼ߽⥄ಽߩ߽ߩߛߣ⹺߼ࠆߩ߽ᕯߕ߆ߒ޿ࠃ

߁ߥᅛޠ“a wretch whom Nature is

asham

’d / Almost t

’acknowledge hers.”

I.i.215-216 ߣ๭߱ߣ߈ޔ

ߩ Lear

nature

ⷰߪ⥄Ꮖਛᔃ⊛ߥ nature

ⷰߢ޽ࠆߎ

ߣࠍ⍮ࠆ㨫

Othello

ߦ߅޿ߡޔ Braban

ߪᆷ tio

Desdemona

Othello ߣ

ߣߩ⚿ᇕߪ ޟ⥄ὼߩ

ᖱߦㅒࠄߞߚޠ“in spite of nature”

I.iii.97ߎߣߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ޔ ޟ⥄ὼߩ޽ࠄࠁ

ࠆឌߦㅒࠄߞߡ޿ࠆޠ“against all r ules of n atur e”

I.iii.102 ߣߒߡ⸵ߘ߁ߣߒ

ߥ޿㨫Brabanti

ߪ o

nature ࠍ␠ળߩᘠ⠌ߣห৻ⷞߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫ߘࠇߪ૕

೙஥ߦㇺวߩࠃ޿

nature

ⷰߢ޽ࠅޔ socialized natur

ߣ๭߱ߴ߈߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫 e

Corio

lanus ߩ਎⇇ߪਇว

ℂߥ਎⇇ߢ޽

ࠆ㨫Michael Long ߇⸒߁ࠃ߁

ߦ

ޔ

╙ච੖┨

Shakespeare ߦߣߞߡ Rome ߪ dehumanized or denatured societyߢ޽ࠅޔ

CoriolanusߦኻߔࠆᲣVolumniaߩᘒᐲߦ┵⊛ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦޔbasic kinds of

affectionࠍޔߟ߹ࠅnatureࠍᜎุߔࠆ␠ળߢ޽ࠆޕShakespeareߪޔVolumnia

߇consulship໧㗴ߢplebeiansߣߩᅷදࠍ᳞߼ߚߣ߈ߣห᭽ߦޔaffectionࠍᜎ

ุߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔᦨ߽unnaturalߥᓎࠍṶߓޔCoriolanusߩᣇ߇mercyࠍ

ᣉߒޔᦨ߽naturalߥⴕὑࠍ␜ߔޔ߹ߐߦߘߩߣ߈ߦޔ“this unnatural scene”

ߣਥੱ౏ߦ⸒ࠊߖࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔRome߇unnatural societyߢ޽ࠅޔRoman

nature߇wild natureߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߒޔOthelloߦ߅ߌࠆsocialized natureޔ

King Learߦ߅ߌࠆLearߩnatureⷰߣห᭽ߦޔmercyࠍམ╉ߔࠆthe gods߇

ำ⥃ߔࠆRomeߩnatureⷰޔnatural orderߘߩ߽ߩߦᛕ್ߩ⋡ࠍะߌߡ޿ࠆ

ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

࠹ ࠠ ࠬ ࠻ ߩ ᒁ ↪ ߪ Philip Brockbank, ed., Coriolanus, The Arden Shakespeare, Methuen&Co. Ltd., 1976.ߦࠃࠆޕ

Geoffrey Bullough, ed., Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare, Vol. 5, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1964, p. 541.

Hermann Heuer, Shakespeare Survey 10, Cambridge University Press, 1967, pp. 50-59.

Mungo MacCallum, Shakespeare’s Roman Plays, Macmillan, 1967, p. 640.

Bernard Lott, ed., Hamlet, Longman, 1970, note.

Hermann Heuer, op.cit., p. 55.

J. D. Wilson, ed., Coriolanus,The New Shakespeare, Cambridge, 1961, note.

Brian Vickers, Coriolanus, Edward Arnold, 1976, p. 39.

Maurice Charney, Shakespeare’s Roman Plays, Harvard University Press, 1961, p.176

Reuben Brower, ed., Coriolanus, The New American Library, New York and Toronto, pp.

xxxv-xxxvi.

Geoffrey Bullough, op.cit., p. 506.

G. R. Hibbarrd, ed., Coriolanus, Penguin Books, 1967, p. 46.

L. C. Knights, Some Shakespearean Themes and An Approach to Hamlet, Penguin Books, 1966, p. 113.

Philip Brockbank, ed., Coriolanus, Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1976, p. 59.

Philip Brockbank, ibid., p. 58.

L. C. Knights, op.cit., p. 113.

Michael Long, The Unnatural Scene, Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1976, p. 60.

╙ੑㇱ ૞ຠ⺰

ࠍ⺃ᜌߒޔ20ᐕߩ㑆ޔWales ߩጊਛߢ⁚⁸↢ᵴࠍ༡ࠎߢ߈ߚ߇ޔࡠ࡯ࡑァ߇

ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߦ᡹߼ㄟࠎߢ߈ߚߚ߼ᚢ੎߇Ꮕߒㄼߞߡ޿ࠆߩߦ᳇ߠ߈ޔBelarius ߪ㧞ੱߦㅏߍࠆࠃ߁⺑ᓧߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ߇ޔാᢓߦ߽ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩߚ߼ߦᚢ߁ߣ

ਥᒛߔࠆGuideriusߣArviragusߩ㜞⾆ߐߣാ᳇ߦⴊ╭ߪ੎߃ߥ޿ߣᗵགྷߒߡޔ

O thou goddess,

Thou divine Nature ; thou thyself thou blazon’st In these two princely boys : they are as gentle As zephyrs blowing below the violet,

Not wagging his sweet head ; and yet, as rough, Their royal blood enchaf’d as the rud’st wind That by the top doth take the mountain pine And make him stoop to th’ vale. ’Tis wonder That an invisible instinct should frame them To royalty unlearn’d, honour untaught, Civility not seen from other, valour That wildly grows in them, but yields a crop As if it had been sow’d.

IV. ii. 169-181 ߅߅ޔᅚ␹ࠃޔ

⡛ߥࠆ⥄ὼߩᅚ␹ࠃޔ޽ߥߚߪߎߩ㧞ੱߩ₺ሶߩߥ߆ߦ

޽ߥߚ⥄りࠍ␜ߒߡ߅ࠄࠇࠆޕᓐࠄߪޔࠬࡒ࡟ߩਅࠍ

็߈ߧߌߥ߇ࠄޔ߿ߐߒ޿㗡ߐ߃ំߔࠄߥ޿ߘߩ㘑ߩ ࠃ߁ߦ߿ߐߒ޿ޕߌࠇߤ߽₺ኅߩⴊ╭߇ỗߔࠇ߫ޔ ጊߩ᧻ߩ㗡ࠍߟ߆߹߃ߡޔ⼱ߦะ߆ߞߡήℂ߿ࠅߦ ߅ㄉ௾ߐߖࠆ᥸㘑ߩࠃ߁ߦ⨹ޘߒߊߥࠆޕਇᕁ⼏ߛޔ

⋡ߦ⷗߃ߥ޿ᧄ⢻ߦࠃߞߡޔᢎ߃ࠄࠇߥ޿ߩߦޔ₺ሶߩ 㘑ᩰࠍ␜ߒޔฬ⹷ࠍ㊀ࠎߓޔੱߦ⠌ࠊߥ޿ߩߦޔ␞௾ࠍ りߦߟߌޔ㊁↢ߦ⢒ߞߡ޿ࠆߩߦޔ⒳ࠍ߹޿ߡ⢒ߡߚ ࠃ߁ߦりࠍߟߌࠆാ᳇ࠍ஻߃ߡ޿ࠆߩߪޕ

╙ච౐┨

ߣ⥄ὼߩᅚ␹ࠍ⒓⾥ߔࠆޕ㧞ੱߩ₺ሶߩఝߒߐޔ⧌ߩᒝߐޔ┙ᵷߥ㘑ᩰޔฬ

⹷ࠍ㊀ࠎߓޔ߭ߣࠅߢߦ␞௾ࠍりߦઃߌߡ޿ࠆޕߎࠇࠄߪߺߥ⥄ὼߩᅚ␹ߩ

ߥߖࠆᬺߣ⸒߁ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ߹ߚCymbeline₺ߦౣળߒߚ㓙ޔGuiderius߇⌀ߦ

₺ሶߢ޽ࠆ⸽᜚ߣߒߡޔߘߩbirthmarkߦ⸒෸ߔࠆᤨߦBelariusߪ

This is he,

Who hath upon him still that natural stamp : It was wise Nature’s end, in the donation To be his evidence now.

V. v. 366-369 ߘࠇߪߎߩᣇߢߔޔ޿߹߽ߘߩ↢߹ࠇߥ߇ࠄߩೞශࠍ ߅ᜬߜߢߔޕߘߩೞශࠍਈ߃ߚߣ߈ޔ޿߹⸽᜚ߦ ߔࠆߎߣ߇⾫᣿ߥ⥄ὼߩᅚ␹ߩ⋡⊛ߛߞߚߩߢߔޕ

ߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔEdgar C. Knowlton߇⸒ߞߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦޔߎࠇࠄߩnature

ߪ␹ᩰߐࠇߚnatureߢ޽ࠆ㨫 Knowltonߪ“Nature and Shakespeare”ߣ޿߁⺰

ᢥߢޔᒰᤨߩoptimisticߥnatureⷰࠍⷐ⚂ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔߘߩⷐ⚂ߩೋ߼ߦޔ

God is good, and so is nature, the divine agent, His agent. Man must follow the law of nature, which is the same as the law of reason.

ߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ㨫ߒ߆ߒThe Tempestߦߪߎߩࠃ߁ߥᗧ๧ߩnatureߣ޿߁⺆߇৻

ᐲ߽↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆޕThe Winter's Taleߢߪߤ߁ߢ޽ࠈ߁߆㨫

ᄌⵝߒߚBohemiaߩ₺PolixenesߣޔታߪSiciliaߩ₺ᅚߢ޽ࠅޔ⨹㊁ߦᝥ

ߡࠄࠇߚ߇ޔ⟠㘺޿ߦᜪࠊࠇޔ੹ߢߪ┙ᵷߦᚑ㐳ߒߚ Perdita ߣߩ㑆ߢޔ

Nature-Art໧╵߇੤ࠊߐࠇࠆ㨫߹ߕPerditaߪᲫಿࠅ⑂ࠅߩቄ▵ߢ߽ߞߣ߽⟤

ߒ޿⧎ߪࠞ࡯ࡀ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߿ޟ⥄ὼߩ⑳↢ఽޠ“nature’s bastards”IV.iv.83ߣ๭

߫ࠇࠆ❋࠮ࠠ࠴ࠢߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ⑳ߤ߽ߩ↰⥢ߩᐸߦߪ↢߃ߡ޿ߥ޿ߒޔߘߩࠃ

߁ߥ⧎ߪ৻⨍ߛߞߡ᰼ߒߊߥ޿ߣ⸒߁ޕߘߩℂ↱ࠍ Polixenes ߦ⡞߆ࠇࠆߣ

Perditaߪߘߩℂ↱ࠍᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⸒߁ޕ

For I have heard it said

There is an art which, in their piedness, shares with great creating nature.

╙ੑㇱ ૞ຠ⺰

Fallࠍ⿏߁ᣇᴺߢ޽ࠅޔnatureߩᰳ㒱ࠍ⵬߁߽ߩߣߔࠆ⠨߃ᣇߢ޽ࠆ㨫ߎࠇߪ

޽ࠆᗧ๧ߢPolixenesߩnature-artᕁᗐߩ⛮ᛚߢ޽ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁㨫Murry߇⸒

߁ࠃ߁ߦPerdita߇the child of natureߢ޽ࠅޔMiranda߇the child of artߣ⸒

߁ߩߪ㑆㆑޿ߢޔߚߛ The Tempest ߦ߅޿ߡੱ㑆߇ੱ㑆ᧄ᧪ߩᆫ their true

selvesߦߥࠆߦߪnatureߛߌߢߥߊnurtureࠍ߽ᔅⷐߣߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ

ߢ޽ࠆ㨫

߹ߚMurryߪmasqueࠍProspero߇⓭ὼਛᱛߔࠆ᳇ߦߥࠆߩߪᏆࠇߩ๮

ࠍ⁓߁ Caliban ߩ㒶⻎ࠍᕁ޿಴ߒߚ߆ࠄߣ޿߁ࠃࠅ the nature on which

nurture will never stick.ߩ⹺⼂ߛߣ޿߁ᜰ៰ߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ㨫

ߎߩnatureⷰ߇The Tempestߩᐩᵹߦ޽ࠆ㨫Kermode߇we see that nature

is not, in The Tempest, defined with the simple-minded clarity of a philosophical

proposition.ߣ⸒ߞߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ⚛ᧉߥnature⼝⟤ߢߥߊޔߔߢߦߎߩnature

ⷰߪShakespeareߩᖤ഍ߢ⷗ࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫

King Learߦ߅޿ߡGonerilߣReganߦ㉃޿઀ᛂߜࠍฃߌߚLearߩ

Then let them anatomize Regan, see what breeds about her heart. Is there any cause in nature that make these hard hearts?

III.vi.81-82 ߢߪ࡝࡯ࠟࡦࠍ⸃೬ߒߡ߽ࠄ߅߁ޕ޽ࠇߩᔃ⤳ߦ૗߇

↢߃ߡ޿ࠆ߆⷗ߡ߽ࠄ߅߁ޕ⥄ὼߦߎߩࠃ߁ߥၷ޿ᔃ⤳ࠍ ㅧࠅ಴ߔ૗߆ේ࿃߇޽ࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆ޕ

ߣ⸒߁natureߦะߌߚਇାߩ⸒⪲ࠍᗐ⿠ߐߖࠆޕ

The Tempestߦ߅޿ߡ߽⚛ᧉߥnatureⷰ߇ៃឦߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕᕷሶFerdinand

߇ᱫࠎߛ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ߡޔᖤགྷߦߊࠇࠆNaples₺Alonzoࠍᘨ߼ࠆߟ߽ࠅߢᑨ

⤿ߩGonzaloߪᓐߩᕁ޿ឬߊ࡙࡯࠻ࡇࠕߦߟ޿ߡ

I’ th’ commonwealth I would by contraries Execute all things ; for no kind of traffic Would I admit ; no name of magistrate ; Letters should not be known ; riches, poverty,

╙ච౐┨

And use of ser vic e, none ; contr

act, su ccession ,

Bourn, bound of land, tilth, vine yard, none ;

No use of metal, corn, or wine, or oil;

No occupation ; all men idle, all ; And women too, but innocent and pure :

No sovereignty

;̆

II. i. 143-152

ߘߩ࿖ኅߢߪోߡߩߎߣࠍㅒߐ߹ߦⴕ޿ߚ޿ߣ ᕁ޿߹ߔޕߤࠎߥขᒁ߽⹺߼߹ߖࠎޕᓎੱߩ

⢋ᦠ߈߽⹺߼߹ߖࠎޕቇ໧߽ᢎ߃ߕޔ⵨⑔߽

⽺ߒߐ߽ޔߘࠇ᡿ᄺ౏߽⹺߼߹ߖࠎޕᄾ⚂ޔ⋧⛯ޔ

Ⴚ⇇ޔ࿾ᚲ߽ޔ⇌߽ޔ⫁⪕⇌߽ߥߊߒޔ

㊄ዻޔⓃ‛ޔ㈬ޔᴤ╬ߩ૶↪߽⹺߼߹ߖࠎޕ

⡯ᬺ߽ߥߊߒޔ↵ߪߺࠎߥ઀੐ࠍߖߕޔ

ᅚ߽ห᭽ߢߔ߇ޔή၁ߢ⚐⌀ޕ

ำਥ߽ߥߊ̆

ߣ⺆ࠅޔᦝߦ All things in c ommon Na

ture s hould pr oduce

Without sweat or endeavour : tr eason, felony

,

Sword, pik e, knife, gun, or need

of any engine,

Would I not h ave ; but N

ature should bring for th,

Of it own kind, all foison , all abundance,

T o feed my innocent people.

II.i.155-160

౒↪ߔࠆߔߴߡߩ߽ߩߪ᳨ࠍᵹߒߚࠅ௛߆ߥߊߡ߽

ㅧൻߩ⥄ὼ߇ㅧࠅ಴ߒߡߊࠇ߹ߔޕ෻ㅒ߽ޔ㊀⟋߽ߥߊ

೶ޔ᭶ޔ⍴ಷޔ㋕⎔߿ޔઁߩ޿߆ߥࠆෂ㒾ߥ㆏ౕ߽

ᔅⷐ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎޕᄢ⥄ὼ߇߭ߣࠅߢߦ੖Ⓝࠍ⼾߆ߦ

ታࠄߖޔࠊ߇ή၁ߩ᳃ࠍ㙃ߞߡߊࠇ߹ߔޕ

╙ੑㇱ

૞ຠ⺰

ߣ⸒߁㨫

themselves ᦨᓟߩ

ߣ޿߁⺆ߦߟ޿ߡ Murry

ߪ“all of

us ou rselves, / When

no man w as his

own”

IV .i.212-2 13

ߣ޿߁ .

Gonzal

ߩ⸒⪲ࠍᒁ߈ว޿ߦ಴ߒߡޔ o

not what they wer e, what they should be.ߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔ ᅯ♖ߦㆊ߉ߥ޿

Ariel

Prosper ߩ⸒⪲ߦ

ߪห⢩ߚࠆੱ㑆ߦኻߒߡᔶࠅࠍᛥ߃ޔ o

ࠃࠅ㜞⾆ߥℂᕈߩ๮

ߦߒߚ߇ߞߡޔᓳ⼦ࠃࠅᘏ ᖤߎߘᏆࠇߩߣࠆߴ߈㆏ߢ

޽ࠅޔߘࠇ߇⟋ࠍ‽

ߒ

ߚੱ㑆ࠍᧄ᧪

ߩ޽ࠆߴ߈ੱ

㑆ߦ┙ߜᚯࠄ ߖࠆߎߣ߇಴

᧪ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ 㨫ߘߒߡ

ᖎ޿ᡷ߼ߡ޿ࠆ Alonzo

Pros ࠍ

ߪᔃ߆ࠄ⸵ߔߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫ߒ߆ߒ pero

Sebasti an

Antonio ߣ

ߦ㑐ߒߡߪߤ߁ߢ޽ࠈ߁߆㨫

Antonio

ߪߎߩፉߦṫ⌕ߒߡ߆ࠄ߽

Sebastian ࠍໂߒߡఱ₺

Alonzo ࠍᲕኂߐ

ߖࠃ߁ߣߔࠆޕ ߒ߆ߒ Prosper

ߩ o

߇ߘࠇࠍᧂὼߦ㒐ߋߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫ߘߩ㒶⻎ art

ࠍ᥸㔺ߔࠆߩߪប߃ࠃ߁ߣ޿߁ Prosper o ߩ⸒⪲ࠍ⡊ߦߒߡ߽ޔSebast

ߪ ian

ޟᖡ㝷߇ᓐߩਛߢߒ߾ߴߞߡ޿ࠆߩߛޠ“The devil spea ks in him”

V . i. 130 .

ߣ޿߁⸒⪲ࠍ⁛ࠅ๚߈ޔᡷ ᖔߩᖱࠍ␜ߔ᳇㈩ߥߤߐࠄ

ߐࠄߥ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ߘ

Antonio ߒߡ߹ߚ

Pros ߦኻߒߡ

ߪ pero

You, br other mine, that en

tertai n’d ambition,

Expelled remorse and n atur

e.

V . i. 74-7

6 ߅೨ޔ㊁ᔃࠍᛴ߈ޔ޽ࠊࠇߺߣ⥄ὼߩᖱࠍ

ᝥߡߡߒ߹ߞߚ⑳ߩᒉޕ

ߣ෩ߒ޿⸒⪲ࠍฯ߈ޔ ⥄ಽࠍㅊ᡼ߒޔ

Sebastian ߹ߚ

ࠍໂߒߡޔ ఱ₺ࠍᲕߐߖ

ࠃ߁ߣߒߚ Antonio ߩੱ㑆ᕈߦ߽ߣࠆⴕὑࠍ㕖㔍ߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩੱ‛߇

ታᒉߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ Prosper

ࠍ o

pes simis

ߦㅊ޿߿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ᦝߦ m

Prosper o

ߪޟ⑳ߪ߅೨ࠍ⸵ߔޔ߅೨ߪ⥄ὼߩᖱߦ෻ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇ޠ ̌ I do forgive thee, /

Unna tura l thou gh thou ar

t.̍V .i.78-79

Prosper ߣ⸒߁ޕ

ߩᔃߦߪⶄ㔀ߥ߽ߩ o

߇޽ࠅޔnature

unnatural ߣߎߩ

ߦߪᷓ޿ᗧ๧߇ㄟ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫

As You Like It

ߦ߅޿ߡޔOliver ߪੱᦸߩ޽ࠆᒉ

Orlando ࠍᅺࠎߢᲕߘ߁ߣ

Arden ߩ᫪߹ߢㅊ޿߆ߌߡ᧪ߚ߇ޔ⌁ࠅㄟࠎߢߒ߹޿ޔ࡜ࠗࠝࡦߦⷅࠊࠇ߆

Orlando ߌߚᤨޔ

ߦᢇࠊࠇࠆ㨫ޟߎߩ਄ߥߊੱߩ㆏ߦ߽

“the most ߣߞߚޠ

╙ච౐┨

unnatural ”IV .iii.122

ੱ㑆ߢ޽ߞߚ Oliver ߪᔃ߆ࠄᡷᖔߔࠆ㨫ߎࠇߪ reve

nge

ࠃࠅ߽᳇㜞޿

kindness ߇ޔ߹ߚ㨬ᓳ⼦ߩ⛘ᅢߩᯏળ㨭jus

t o ccas ion ࠃࠅ߽ޔ

߽ߞߣᒝ޿

nature

Orlando ߇

ࠍ࡜ࠗࠝࡦߦ┙ߜะ߆ࠊߖޔ ୟߐߖߚߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫

Orlando ߘߩ

nature ߩ

ߦᷓߊᗵേߒޔ Oliver

ߪᓐᧄ᧪ߩ nature ࠍขࠅᚯߔߩ

ߢ޽ࠆ㨫ߎߩὐ߇༑഍

As You Like I

ߣ t

The T empest ߣߩ⋧⇣ߢ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊ

ࠇࠆ㨫

The T emp

ߦ߅ߌࠆ est

Antonio

Prosper ߪ

ߩᘏᖤߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔ o

unnatural

ߩၞࠍᛮߌ಴ߔߎߣ߇ߥ޿ޕߘߩࠃ߁ߥ Antonio ߦኻߔࠆᦨᓟߩ

For you, mo st wick ed sir, whom to call br

other

Would even infect my m outh, I

do for give

Thy rankest fault.

V .i.130-13 2

ᒉߣ๭߱ߩ߽ญ߇ᳪࠇࠆᖡౄߩ߅೨ߦߟ޿ߡߪ

߅೨ߩᭂᖡߥ⟋߽⸵ߘ߁ޕ

Prosper ߣ޿߁

ߩ⸒⪲ߦߪᔃ߆ࠄߩ⸵ߒߪᗵߓࠄࠇߥ޿ޕ৻ᣇ o

Antonio ߪߚ

ߛ෻⊒ߔࠆߛߌߢญ߽೑ߎ ߁ߣߒߥ޿㨫዁ᫎࠍᜰߒߡ

Ferd ޿ࠆ

ina

ߣ nd

Miranda ࠍ⷗

Sebastia ߡޔ

ߢߐ n

߃ޟ ߎߩ

਄ߥ

޿ᄸ

〔ߛ

“ A m ޠ

ost hi gh

mirac le!”IV .i.1

77ߣੱ㑆ࠄߒ޿㛳߈ߩჿࠍ⊒ߔࠆߩߛ߇ޔ Antonio

ߩᴉ㤩ߦߪޔ

੐߇⊒ⷡߒߚ㓙ߦ㐿߈⋥ࠆ

ࠍᗐ⿠ߐߖࠆޕ Iago

Antonio

ߪᦨ߽ᄢಾߥ߽ߩޔੱ㑆ࠍੱ㑆ߚࠄߒ߼ߡ޿ࠆ nature

ࠍ߆ߥߋࠅ

unnatural ᝥߡߚ

ߥੱ㑆ߢ޽ࠆޕKing L

ߦ߅޿ߡ ear

Goneril

Regan ߣ

ߩῳ₺

ߦኻߔࠆ಄㉃ߥ઀ᛂߜߪޟੱᖱߦ߽ߣࠆ઀ᛂߜޠ Lear

“unn atu ral dea ling”

III.

iii. 1-2ߢ޽ࠅޔᱷ㉃ߥ㧞ੱߪ߹ߚޟੱᖱߦ߽ߣࠆ㝩ᇎޠ“unn atu ral h ags

” II.

iv . 276 ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆޕ

Macbeth ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔ Macbeth

Duncan ߪ

₺Ვኂࠍᗐ௝

ߒߚߛߌߢ㨬⥄ὼߩ⠌ᘠߦ෻ߒߡ㨭“against th e use of natur

e”I. i. 137 ᔃ⤳߇

ഥ㛽ߦ߱ߟ߆ࠆޕ Lady Macd eth

ߪ⟋ߩᗧ⼂߆ࠄᄞㆆ∛ߦߥࠆ㨫㨬⌒ߪ㐿޿ߡ޿

ࠆ㨭“her eyes are open”

V . i .23 ߩߦޔ㨬ⷞജߪ߰ߐ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ㨭“their s

ense is

shut”V . i.

ߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫ߘࠇߪ 24

ޟ⥄ὼߦ߅ߌࠆᄢᷙੂޠ“a great per turbat ion in

nature”

V . i.

޽ࠅ 9ߢ

ޔ㨬 ਇ⥄

ὼߥ ⴕὑ ߇ਇ

⥄ὼ ߥᖠ ߺࠍ

↢ߓ ߐߖ ࠆ㨭

╙ੑㇱ

૞ຠ⺰

III.iii.34-36

⺈ታߥੱࠃޔ޽ߥߚߪࠃߊߙ⸒ࠊࠇߚޕߘߎߦ޿ࠆ

⠪ߚߜߩਛߦᖡ㝷એ਄ߩ߿ߟ߇޿ࠆ߆ࠄߥޕ

some of you

Antonio ߪ൩⺰

Sebastian ߣ

ߢ޽ࠆ㨫Antonio ߪ㊁ᔃኅߢޔ᳿ߒߡ

ᡷᔃߥߤߔࠆੱ㑆ߢߪߥߊ ޔ㓗ߐ߃޽ࠇ߫ޔᖡࠍડ߻

ੱ㑆ߢ޽ࠅޔༀᗧߥ ߤ

ዋߒ߽ᜬߜว ࠊߖߥ޿㨫ᦨ

߽࿕޿⚷ߢ

⚿߫ࠇࠆߴ߈ ఱᒉߣ޿߁㑆

ᨩߢ޽ࠆߩ

ߦޔ ା㗬ߒߡ࿖᡽ࠍછߐࠇޔ ߘࠇࠍ޿޿ߎߣߦⵣಾࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫⡺ⷫߦኻߔࠆ

ᄬᦸ ޔੱ

㑆ਇ

unnatural ା߇

ߣ޿

߁⸒

⪲ߦ ㄟ߼

ࠄࠇ ߡ޿

ࠆߩ ߢ޽

ࠆޕ

Shak espe

ߪ are

the natural man ߩᢇᷣߦߪ

Grace ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ໂߒ

ߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ

࠹ࠠࠬ࠻

Frank K ߩᒁ↪ߪ erm ode, ed., The T empes t Arden Shak espear

ޕ eߦࠃࠆ

E. M. W . T illyard, Shakespeare’s L

ast Plays, Chatto and W

indus, 1958, p.1.

Ros e Abdeln our Zimba rdo

, For m a nd Dis order in The T empest , Case book Se ries:

The

T empest , edited b

y D. J . P almer , Macmillan, 1979, pp.232

-233.

R. A. Zimba rdo,

ibid., p.243.

Edgar C. Kn owlton, “Na

ture a nd Shak

espeare”, PMLA., LI, 1936, p.742.

Edgar C. Kno wlton,

ibid., p. 732.

Frank K erm ode, ed., The T empest Arden Shak

espeare , Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1962,

note.

John Middleto n Mur

ry,

Shakespeare, Jonathan Cape, rep., 1954, p.396.

John Middleto n Mur

ry,

ibid., p.496.

F . K erm ode, op. cit ., Introd uction, x

xxviii.

J. M. Murr y , op. cit

., p.395.

Anne Bar ton, ed.

, The T empest, Penguin Boo ks, rpt., 1

979, Introductio

n, p. 28.

F . K erm ode, op. cit ., Introduction, p.

xxxviii.

ೋ಴৻ⷩ

ೋ಴ߩ⺰ᢥฬࠍ᜼ߍࠆޕߘࠇߙࠇᄙዋᄌᦝ߿⸓ᱜࠍട߃ޔේᢥߦߪ⸶ᢥࠍ

ઃߒߚޕ

╙ੑㇱ૞ຠ⺰

࡮On the Significance of̌Nature̍inCoriolanus

㑐⷏ᄢቇ⧷ᢥቇ⺰㓸╙18ภ 1979ᐕ2᦬

࡮The Tempest⹜⺰natureߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ

㑐⷏ᄢቇ⧷ᢥቇ⺰㓸╙22ภ 1983ᐕ3᦬

࡮Hamletߦ߅ߌࠆNatureౣ⠨

㑐⷏ᄢቇ⧷ᢥቇ⺰㓸╙36ภ 1993ᐕ3᦬

࡮King Lear ̆natureౣ⠨̆ ޡ⧷⺆࡮⧷☨ᢥቇߩᔃޢ

ᄢ㒋ᢎ⢒࿑ᦠ 1996ᐕ

࡮Titus Andronicusߦ߅ߌࠆ‘nature’ߩᗧ๧ߦߟ޿ߡ

㑐⷏ᄢቇ⧷ᢥቇ⺰㓸╙37ภ 1997ᐕ12᦬

࡮Troilus and Cressidaߦ߅ߌࠆ‘nature’ߩᗧ๧ߦߟ޿ߡ

㑐⷏ᄢቇ⧷ᢥቇ⺰㓸╙38ภ 1998ᐕ12᦬

࡮Measure for Measureߦ߅ߌࠆ‘nature’ߩᗧ๧ߦߟ޿ߡ

㑐⷏ᄢቇ⧷ᢥቇ⺰㓸╙39ภ 1999ᐕ12᦬

࡮Macbethߦ߅ߌࠆ̌nature̍ߩᗧ๧ౣ⠨

㑐⷏ᄢቇ⧷ᢥቇ⺰㓸╙40ภ 2000ᐕ12᦬

࡮Othelloߦ߅ߌࠆ̌nature̍ߩᗧ๧ౣ⠨

㑐⷏ᄢቇ⧷ᢥቇ⺰㓸╙43ภ 2003ᐕ12᦬

㧙ಠ৪તٚ㧙!

ൟ!֔! ! ᥽Ȫ̞̾̾Ȇ̤̯͚ȫ!

㧙ಠ৪ၞႤ㧙

ᐕ ␹ᚭᏒ↢߹ࠇ

ᐕ 㑐⷏ᄢቇᢥቇㇱ⧷ᢥቇ⑼තᬺ

ᐕ 㑐⷏ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᢥቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ୃ჻⺖⒟⧷ᢥቇኾ᡹ୃੌ

⃻ ࿷ 㑐⷏ᄢቇᢥቇㇱᢎ᝼

㧙ಠ੥㧙

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ΏͿͼ·Αάͺ̤̫ͥͅŏŢŵŶųŦ͈փྙ!

ᐕ᦬ᣣ ⊒ⴕ

⪺ ⠪ ╴ ੗ ⣑

⊒ⴕᚲ 㑐 ⷏ ᄢ ቇ ಴ ㇱ

ޥᄢ㒋ᐭ็↰Ꮢጊᚻ↸

㔚⹤㪝㪘㪯 ශ೚ᚲ ࢃ ᑝ ᷣ ၴ

ᄢ㒋੐ᬺㇱ⼾ਛᏒⰯᳰ⷏↸

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シェークスピアにおけるＮａｔｕｒｅの意味１９、２０折付け合わせオモテスミ

シェークスピアにおける意味一九折シェークスピアにおける意味二○ 折

(3)

╙ච੖┨

ޡࠦ࡝ࠝ࡟ࠗ࠽ࠬޢCoriolanus

Coriolanus ߦ߅ߌࠆਇน⸃ߥบ⹖ߩ㧝ߟߪޔCoriolanus ߇ㅀߴࠆ“this

unnatural scene”V.iii.184ߣ޿߁บ⹖ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕߎߩunnaturalߩ⺆ߦ㑐ߒߡ

ߪᄙߊߩᛕ⹏ኅ߇ࠦࡔࡦ࠻ߒߡ޿ࠆޕunnaturalߪCoriolanusߩਛߦઁߦ㧞࿁

಴ߡߊࠆ߇ޔCoriolanus߇㧝࿁ޔMenenius߇㧝࿁૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߒ߆ߒ೨⠪

ߣᗧ๧ߪోߊ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩዊ⺰ߦ߅޿ߡޔunnaturalߣ್ᢿߔ

ࠆଔ୯ၮḰߣߒߡߩnatureߩᗧ๧ࠍ྾ᄢᖤ഍ߦ߅ߌࠆnatureߣᲧセᬌ⸛ߔࠆ

ߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔ⠨ኤߒޔᦝߦCoriolanusߩ․⇣ᕈߩ৻┵ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ޿ޕ

Σ

߹ߕCoriolanus߇this unnatural sceneߣ޿߁⸒⪲ࠍㅀߴࠆߦ⥋ࠆ⚻✲ࠍ⷗

ߡߺࠃ߁ޕCoriolanusߪᢜㇺCorioli᡹⇛ߩഞ❣ߦࠃࠅconsulၫ᡽ቭߦផߐ

ࠇࠆޕ৻ᐲߪplebeiansᐔ᳃ߩ␿ࠍ₪ᓧߒߥ߇ࠄޔඬഠߥtribunes⼔᳃ቭ

ߩᚸേߣ᜸⊒ߦࠃߞߡޔconsulߩ࿾૏ࠍ᫔ߦᝄࠅޔᦝߦ࿖ᄖㅊ᡼ߩት๔ࠍฃ

ߌࠆޕᕲࠍ੸ߢ㄰ߐࠇߚᕁ޿ߩCoriolanusߪᓳ⼦ߩ㝩ߣൻߒޔ߆ߟߡߩਇౕ

ᚬᄤߩᢜVolscesߩ዁Aufidiusߣ๺ࠍ⚿߮ޔRomeࠍ᲎Ṍߖࠎߣၔ㐷ߦㄼࠆޕ

Rome ߩᦨ㜞ᜰើቭ Comminius ߪ⻠๺ࠍ↳ߒ౉ࠇࠆ߇ޔᜎุߐࠇޔᦝߦ

Coriolanusߩ⋖෹Menenius߇གྷ㗿ߦ⿞ߊ߽⡞߈౉ࠇࠄࠇߕޔRomeߪᦨᓟߩ

㗬ߺࠍCoriolanusߩኅᣖߦ⸤ߔޕߘߒߡᲣVolumniaߩߥߛ߼ߔ߆ߒߡߩ⺑ᓧ

߇ᏁࠍᄼߒޔㆀߦCoriolanusߪ

O mother, mother !

What have you done? Behold, the heavens do ope, The gods look down and this unnatural scene They laugh at. O my mother, mother! O ! You have won a happy victory to Rome ; But for your son, believe it, O, believe it, Most dangerously you have with him prevail’d,

╙ච੖┨

If not most mortal to him.

V. iii. 182-189 ߅߅ޔᲣ਄ޔᲣ਄㧍

૗ߣ޿߁੐ࠍߥߐߞߚߩߢߔޕᓮⷩߥߐ޿ޕᄤ߇ญࠍ㐿߈ޔ

␹ޘ߇⷗ਅࠈߒޔߎߩ⥄ὼߩ᧦ℂߦ෻ߔࠆశ᥊ࠍ⷗ߡ╉ߞߡ ߅ࠄࠇ߹ߔޕ߅߅ޔᲣ਄ޔᲣ਄ޔ޽ߥߚߪࡠ࡯ࡑߦߪ ᐘㆇߥൎ೑ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ߹ߒߚ߇ޔᕷሶߦߪޔᧄᒰߢߔޔ ᧄᒰߢߔޔᭂ߼ߡෂ㒾ߥ┙႐ߦㅊ޿⹣߼ࠄࠇߚߩߢߔޕ

⥌๮⊛ߣߪ⸒߃ߥ޿߹ߢ߽ޕ

ߣ∩ಾ߈ࠊ߹ࠅߥ޿⸒⪲ࠍᲣߦ߱ߟߌޔᢿ⣺ߩᕁ޿ߢޔᓳ⼦ࠍᢿᔨߔࠆߩߢ

޽ࠆޕ

࿃ߺߦCoriolanusߩ᧚Ḯߢ޽ࠆPlutarchߩNorth⸶ߩਛߢޔ਄⸥ߩᒁ↪ߦ

⋧ᒰߔࠆ▎ᚲߪ ... oh mother, what have you done to me? And holding her hard by the right hande, oh mother, sayed he, you have wonne a happy victorie

for your countrie, but mortall and unhappy for your sonne: ߣߥߞߡ޿ߡޔ

Behold, the heavens do ope, / The gods look down, and this unnatural scene /

They laugh at.߇Shakespeareߩഃ૞ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㨫

Hermann HeuerߪFrom Plutarch to Shakespeareߦ߅޿ߡCoriolanusߦ߅ߌ

ࠆnatureߣ޿߁⺆ߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ⹦⚦ߦ⺰ߓߡ߅ࠅޔPlutarchߩAmyotߩ੽⸶ߣ

North ߩ⧷⸶ߣࠍᲧセ⠨ኤߒޔCoriolanus ߦ߅ߌࠆ╙㧡᐀╙㧟႐ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ

North⸶ߦޔunnaturalߣߘߩኻ┙᭎ᔨߣߒߡߩnature෸߮naturalߩ⺆߇㗫

಴ߔࠆὐࠍᜰ៰ߒޔShakespeare ߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈࠍ⺰ߓߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕAnd

Nature so wrought with him, that the tears fell from his eyes,̆prefering love

andnature before the malice and calamitie of warres̆and I maye not deferre to

see the daye, either that my sonne be led prisoner in triumph by his naturall country men, or that he him self doe triumphe of them, and of his naturall

countrie.ߣnature߇ᄙ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ଀ࠍታ㓙ߦ᜼ߍޔᦝߦNo man living is

more bounde to shewe him self thankefull in all partes and respectes then thy selfe: who so unnaturally sheweth all ingratitude.߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ㨫

╙ੑㇱ

૞ຠ⺰

to act ‘ag ain st n atu re,

’ i .e.

to b rea k a way from the proper or

der of things in

the universe like st ars moving out of their ‘sp

her es’. T o

be ‘natural’

was

to have ‘natural’ feelings of kindness and sym

pathy towar ds other

s, and to

lack the se feel ings w as to be

‘unnatural’.

In this sense the

murder of a

brother is supr emely ‘unnatural’.

ᒰᤨߩ⥄ὼⷰ㨯⒎ᐨⷰࠍ◲ẖߦ⺑᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆ㨫

King L

ߦ߅޿ߡߪޔᕲࠍ੸ߢ㄰ߔ ear Goneril

ޔRegan

Lear ߩ

ߦኻߔࠆᱷ㉃

ߥ઀ᛂߜߪ ޟੱߩ㆏ߦ߽ߣࠆ઀ᛂߜޠ

“unnatural dealings”

III.iii.2ߢ޽ࠅޔ ಄

㉃ήᘏᖤߥ Goneril, R ߪ ޟੱᖱߦ߽ߣࠆ㝩ᇎޠ egan

“unnatural hags” II. iv . 280

ߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ㨫

Macbeth

ߦ߅޿ߡ߽

unnatural ߩ⺆߇㗫಴ߔࠆޕ ߎߩ഍ߦ߅ߌࠆ

natural order

Macbet ߪ

ᄦᆄߩ h unnatural

ߥⴕὑߦࠃߞߡ፣უߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫Macbeth ߪ

Duncan

₺Ვߒࠍᗐ௝ߒ ߚߛߌߢ

߽ޔ㜬 ߇ㅒ┙ߜޔ

ޟ⥄ὼߩ

⠌ᘠߦ

෻ߒޠ

“against the use of nature”

I.iii.137 ߡޔᔃ⤳߇⡻㛽ߦ߱ߟ߆ࠆ߶ߤ㔡߃ࠆ㨫

Duncan ߘࠇߪ

₺Ვኂ߇⥄ὼߩ⒎ᐨޔቝቮߩ⒎ᐨࠍੂߔᄢ⟋ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍᥧ

␜ߔࠆ㨫

Lady Macbet

h

߽ᑾㅒࠍ᳿ᗧߔࠆߣ߈ޔᖡ㔤ߦ␨ᔨߒޔ ޟੱᖱߣ޿߁ᓟᖎߩ

ᔨޠ“comp uctio us visitings of natur

e”

I.v .45 ࠍᜎุߔࠆ㨫ರⴕߩ೨ᄛߦߪᄤ࿾

ߦᄢ⇣ᄌ߇⿠ࠅޔߘߩ⁁ᴫ

Old Man ࠍ

ߪޟ⥄ὼߦ෻ߔࠆߎߣߢߔ ޠ“’Tis

unnatural .”

II.iv.10 ߣ⸒߁㨫

Duncan

₺Ვኂᓟޔ Lady Macbeth ߪ✕ᒛߣ⟋ߩᗧ⼂ߩߚ߼♖␹ߦ⇣Ᏹࠍ߈

ߚߔ㨫㨬⌁ߞߡ

޿ߡޔหᤨߦ

⿠߈ߡ޿ࠆᤨ

ߩⴕേࠍߒ㨭

“to r eceive at once the

benefit of sleep, and do the effe

cts of watching”

V . i. 10-1 ߡ߅ࠅޔ㨬⋡߇㐿޿ 3.

ߡ޿ࠆ㨭“her eyes ar e open”ߩߦ㨬ⷞⷡߪ㐽ߓߡ޿ࠆ㨭“their sense is shut”

ߣ޿

߁∛⁁ߪ߹ߐߦޟ⥄ὼߦ߅ߌࠆᄢᷙੂޠ“a great per turbation in natur e”V .i.9

Lady Macbeth ߢ޽ࠆ㨫

ߩޟ⥄ὼߦ߽ߣࠆ ⴕὑ߇⥄ὼߦ

߽ߣࠆᖠߺࠍ

↢߻ޠ

Unnatural deeds / Do breed unnatural tr oubles”V .i.68-69

ߩߢ޽ࠆޕߢߪ . this

unnatural scene ߦߟ޿ߡߪߤ߁ߢ޽ࠈ߁߆㨫

╙ච੖┨

Υ

H. Heuer

Behold, the heavens do ߪ

ope, / Th e gods look down, and this

unnatural scene / They l augh at.ߦ㑐ߒߡ

a sce ne of universa

l, of metap hysic al,

signi fican ࠍᥧ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆߛߌߢ޽ࠆ ce.

ޕᓐߩ

nature

⺰ߢߪߎ

unnatural ߩ

ߦㄟ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆᗧ๧ࠍ⺑᣿ߒዧߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ㨫

Dover Wilso

ߪߎߩ⺆ߦ㑐ߒߡޔ n The whol

e situati on is u nnatural

: a Rom an

making war on R ome;

a mother pleading wit h her son for

mercy; a conquer

or

melted by a woman.ߣ E. K. Chambers

ߩᵈ㉼ࠍߘߩ߹߹୫↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ

㨫ߒ߆

ߒ㨬ࡠ࡯ࡑੱ߇ࡠ࡯ࡑߦᚢ੎ࠍߒ߆ߌࠆߎߣ㨭ߦߟ޿ߡޔBrian V ick

ߪㅊ᡼ ers

ߐࠇߚੱ㑆ߦߪ᡿࿖ߦዧߊߔߴ߈⟵ോߪߥ޿ߣ⸒޿ޔLeviathan ߆ࠄ㨬ㅊ᡼ߐ

ࠇߚ⠪ߪߘߩ࿖ߩ᭴ᚑຬߢߪߥߊޔ ㅊ᡼ߒߚ࿖ߩวᴺ⊛ߥᢜߥߩߛ߆ࠄ㨭ߣ޿

߁⸒⪲ࠍᒁ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ

㨫

Maur ߹ߚ

ice Char

ߪ ney

If “unnatural scene” i s a theatr

ical metaphor , it indicates

the role

Coriolanus has just r ejected : it was

“unnatural” for the defend er of Rome

to be acting as the destr

oyer of his native city . Ther e is also a suggestion

that “unnatural scene” may refer to Coriol

anus’ pr esent rol

e of m ercy: i t is

“unn atural” for the pr oud and godlik

e Coriolanus to be playing this “scene”

of humble yielding.

ߣ⸒ߞߡ޿ࠆ߇ ޔߒ߆ߒߎࠇࠄߩ⸃㉼ߦࠃߞߡ߽

unnatural ߩᗧ๧ࠍචಽ⺑

᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆߣߪᕁࠊࠇߥ޿㨫ߎߩ unnatural ߩᗧ๧ࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߦߪ

Coriolanus

nature ߩ

ⷰޔߘࠇࠍ⢒ࠎߛ Rom

ߩ e

nature

ⷰࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ㨫

Reuben Br

ߪ ower

Meneni

ߩ us

fable of the Belly and the me mbers of the Body

.

ߦᵈ⋡ߒߡޔ T o the Elizabe than mind, the

state, in m ore

than a m ode rn

figurative sense, embodi es a natural

order .ߣㅀߴޔᒰᤨߩ

natural order ߩⷰὐ

߆ࠄޔCoriolanu

ߩ s

nature ࠍ⺰ߓߡ޿ࠆ 㨫Roma

n n atu ߣޟᓐߩᕈᩰߢ઀ᣇ re

߇ߥ޿߽ߩ ࠍ߅೨ߪ ᓐߩᖡ

ᓼߛߣ⠨߃

“What he cannot help in his ߡ޿ࠆޠ

nature, you account vice in him”

I.i.40-42.ߣ⹏ߐࠇࠆ Coriolanu

ߩ s

natu ߣߩ re

╙ੑㇱ

૞ຠ⺰

the service of t he ‘god of

soldiers’

demands:

Martius had r eviled those who

fled from the V olscian

s as ‘souls of geese, / T hat bear the sh apes of men’,

for no yielder can be a man.

ߣ⸒ߞߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ

ޔ ァੱ

߇⡯ോߦᔘታߢ޽ࠇ߫޽ࠆ߶ߤ human natur

ߦ e

෻ߔࠆ᡿ߦ unnatural ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔRom

an nature ߦ್ᢿߩଔ୯ၮḰࠍ⟎ߊߣޔ

mercy ࠍᣉߔߎߣ߇

unnatural ߥߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

King L ߦ߅ߌࠆ ear Edmund

ߩ

nature ࠍᕁ޿಴ߐߖࠆ㨫

Edmund

goddess ߇Ꮖߩ

ߣߒߡ๭߮߆ߌࠆ“Natur e”

I.ii.1-22 ߪᒙ⡺ᒝ㘩ޔ

ㆡ⠪↢ሽߩ਎⇇ߦ߅ߌࠆ nature ߢ޽ࠅޔhum

an nature

wild natur ߦኻߔࠆ

e

ߢ޽ࠆޕߘߒߡ Cordelia ߩ๮ࠍᢇ߁ߎߣ߇㨬Ꮖࠇߩ⥄ὼߦ෻ߒߡ㨭“despite of

mine nature”

V .iii.243 ߣ⸒߁ߣ߈ޔEdmund

ߩାᄺߔࠆ nature

wild natur ߇

e

ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇৻ጀ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥࠆ㨫

Coriolanus

ߦߣߞߡ⤪∛⠪ޔ ᢌ⠪ߪ a man

ߢߪ޽ࠅᓧߥ޿㨫⤪∛ߢޔ ᚢ㑵߽

⚳ࠄߥ޿߁ߜ߆ࠄ⇛ᅓࠍᆎ߼ࠆ plebeians

ߦኻߔࠆシ⬦ߪ Coriolanu

ߩ s

Rom an

nature

߳ߩାᄺ߆ࠄ᧪ߡ

޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ

consulship 㨫

Volu ໧㗴ߢޔ

߇ mnia

plebeians ߣߩ๺⸃ࠍᦸ߻ߣ߈ޔCoriolanus

ߪޟᲣ਄ߪ⑳ߩᧄᕈߦ⢛޿ߚߎߣ

ࠍߐߖߚ޿ߩߢߔ߆ޠ ̌ Would you have m e / False

to my nat ure?

III. ii 14-15 ̍

ߣ⸒߁ࠃ߁ߦޔ plebeians ߣߩᅷදߪᓐߩ

nature ߦ෻ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠅޔ

ߘࠇߪ

Rom ߹ߚ

an nature ߦ෻ߔࠆߎߣߢ߽޽ࠆ㨫

Coriolanus ᛶ᛫ߔࠆ

ߦޔ

At thy

choice then:

T o beg of thee it is my mor

e dishonour

Than thou of th em.

Come all to r uin; let

Thy mother rather feel thy pride than fear

Thy danger ous stoutness,

for I mock at de

ath

With as big hear t as thou.

Do as thou list.

Thy valiantness was mine, thou suck’

st it from me,

But owe thy pride thyself.

Ill. ii. 123-130

╙ච੖┨

ߘࠇߥࠄޔൎᚻߦߥߐ޿ޕ ߘߥߚߦߘࠇࠍ㗬߻ߩߪޔߘߥߚ߇ᐔ᳃ߦ㗬߻એ਄ߦ

⑳ߩᕯߢߔޕߔߴߡ߇⎕Ṍߒߡߒ߹߁߇޿޿ޕ ߅߹߃ߩෂ㒾ߥ㗎࿕৻ᔀࠍᔃ㈩ߔࠆࠃࠅߪޔᲣߦ ߅߹߃ߩ⹶ࠅࠍታᗵߐߖߡ߅ߊࠇޕ⑳ߛߞߡ ߅೨ߣห᭽⢄ߞ₹߇ߔࠊߞߡ޿ࠆޔᱫߥߤߥࠎߣ߽ߥ޿ޕ

ᅢ߈ߥࠃ߁ߦߥߐ޿ޕ߅߹߃ߩാ᳇ߪ⑳ߩ߽ߩޔ ߘࠇߪ⑳߆ࠄๆ޿ขߞߚ߽ߩޕߢ߽ߘߩ⹶ࠅࠍ

߽ߜ⛯ߌߥߐ޿ޕ

Volu ߣ

ߪᕲࠍ⌕ߖޔ mnia

ൎᚻߦߔࠆ߇

޿޿ߣޔᝥߗ ࠅ߰⊛ߥ⸒⪲

ࠍฯ߈ޔ

affecti

ߔߥࠊߜ on

nature ࠍᜎุߔࠆߣߩ⢿ߒߦࠃߞߡޔᕷሶ߆ࠄ⼑ᱠࠍൎߜ

ขࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

หߓࠃ߁ߦ╙㧡᐀╙㧟႐ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔCoriolanus ࠍዮ᦯ߐߖޔᓳ⼦ࠍᢿᔨ

ߐߖߚߩߪޔ

Come, let us g

o:

This fel low had a V olsci an to hi s mother ;

His wif e is in Corioles , and h

is child

Like him by ch ance.

Y et give us our disp

atch :

I am husht until our city be

a be fir e,

And then I’ll speak a little.

V . iii. 177-182

ߐ޽ޔᏫࠅ߹ߒࠂ߁ޕߎߩሶߩᲣߪࡧࠜ࡞ࠨࠗੱߢߔޕ ߘߩᆄߪࠦ࡝ࠝ࡜ࠗߦ޿ࠆߩߢߔޕߎߩሶ߇޽ࠇߦ

஧ὼૃߡ޿ࠆߛߌߢߔޕߢ߽Ꮻࠅ߹ߒࠂ߁ޕ ࡠ࡯ࡑߩᏒ߇Ἣߦ൮߹ࠇࠆ߹ߢ⑳ߪ㤩ߞߡ޿߹ߔޕ

౔ߩᤨߦߥߞߚࠄޔዋߒߪ߽ߩࠍ↳ߒ߹ߒࠂ߁ޕ

ߣⷫሶߩ✼ࠍᢿߜޔnature ࠍᜎุߔࠆߣ޿߁ Volu

ߩ⸒⪲ߢ޽ࠆޕ mnia ߘߒߡ

ߦᔘታߢ޽ࠆߴ߈ァੱߢ޽ࠆ Mars Coriolanus

Rom ߇

an nature

hum ߦ⢛߈ޔ

an

nature ߦᓥߞߡޔ merc

y ࠍᣉߔߩߢ޽ࠆ

㨫ߘ

the god ࠇ᡿ߦ

s ߇མ╉ߔࠆ ߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫

╙ච౐┨

ޡ޽ࠄߒޢThe Tempest

TillyardߪShakespeare’s Last Playsߦ߅޿ߡޔCymbelineޔThe Winter’s Taleޔ

The Tempestߩ㧟૞ຠߦ㑐ߔࠆᛕ⹏ኅߩ⸃㉼߇޿߆ߦ⋧㆑ߒߡ޿ߡ߽ޔߎߩ㧟

૞ຠߦߪ⋧੕ߦ✕ኒߥ㑐ㅪᕈ߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ὐߢߪᗧ⷗ߩ৻⥌ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ⸒ߞߡ

޿ࠆ߇ޔ੹ᣣߢ߽ߎߩਥᒛߪ৻⥸ߦ⹺߼ࠄࠇޔᦝߦregeneration߇౒ㅢߩ࠹

࡯ࡑߢ޽ࠅޔThe Tempest߇ᦨ߽ᚑഞߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁⹏ଔ߇޽ࠆޕ

ߎࠇߦኻߒߡZimbardonߪߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⷗⸃ߪోߊߩ⺋ࠅߢ޽ࠆߣᢿ⸒ߒޔ

Our revels now are ended㧚These our actors, As I foretold you, were all spirits, and Are melted into air, into thin air㧦 And, like the baseless fabric of this vision, The cloud-capp’d towers, the gorgeous palaces, The solemn temples, the great globe itself, Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve, And, like this insubstantial pageant faded, Leave not a rack behind㧚We are such stuff As dreams are made on; and our little life Is rounded with a sleep㧚

IV. i. 148-158

૛⥝ߪ߽߁⚳ࠊߞߚޕ޿߹ߩᓎ⠪ߚߜߪ ೨ߦ⸒ߞߚㅢࠅߦޔߺࠎߥᅯ♖ߢޔ

ᄢ᳇ߦޔ᷆޿ᄢ᳇ߩਛߦṁߌㄟࠎߢߒ߹ߞߚޕ ߘߒߡ␆ߩߥ޿ߎߩᐛߩᑪ‛ߩࠃ߁ߦޔ㔕ࠍ 㗂ߊႡ߽ޔ⽕⪇ߥችᲚޔ⨿෩ߥኹ㒮ޔᄢ࿾⃿

ߘߩ߽ߩ߽ޔߘ߁ޔ࿾⃿ߦ޽ࠆߔߴߡߩ߽ߩ߽

ṁߌߡޔߘߒߡᶖ߃ߡߒ߹ߞߚታ૕ߩߥ޿

૛⥝ߩࠃ߁ߦޔ৻ ߩ㔕߽ᱷߐߥ޿ޕࠊࠇࠊࠇߪ

╙ච౐┨

ᄞߣหߓ᧚ᢱߢߢ߈ߡ޿ߡޔࠊࠇࠊࠇߩߐߐ߿߆ߥ

৻↢ߪ⌁ࠅߢ⚳ࠊࠆޕ

ߩ▎ᚲࠍᒁ↪ߒߡޔߎߩบ⹖ߣepilogueߪਥ⺞ߢ޽ࠅޔThe Last Plays߇ਥ㗴

ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆtriumphant harmonyߣ㥿㦉ࠍ߈ߚߔὐߢ޽ࠆߣ⸒޿ޔ

߹ߚ

Prospero tells us that they are airy nothing, and as they vanish, he warns, all

the endeavors of men at creation, palaces, cloud-capped towers, solemn temples are doomed to fade away㧚It is significant too that it is the recollection of Caliban, the threat of disorder and the coming of chaos, that drives the masque into thin

air.ߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆޕഃㅧߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆੱ㑆ߩദജߩ⚿ᨐߪߔߴߡߎߩ਎߆ࠄ

ᶖ߃෰ࠆㆇ๮ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍProspero߇⺆ߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠅޔ઒㕙഍ࠍ㔕ᢔ㔵

ᶖߐߖࠆ߽ߩ߇ή⒎ᐨߩ⢿ᆭޔࠞࠝࠬߩ೔᧪ߢ޽ࠆ Caliban ࠍᕁ޿಴ߔߎߣ

ߛߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ㊀ᄢߛߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕߟ߹ࠅThe Tempestߪpessimism߇

Ớෘߥ૞ຠߢ޽ࠅޔߘߎߦߪ Caliban ߩሽ࿷߇⛊ࠎߢ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ޿߿ߘ

ࠇએ਄ߩੱ‛ߩሽ࿷߇޽ࠆޕ

⏕߆ߦThe TempestߪThe Winter’s Taleߣห᭽ߦޔ⟋߿⧰㔍߇ޟ๺⸃ޠߦ⚳

ࠆ഍ߢ޽ࠅޔᳪࠇࠍ⍮ࠄߥ޿⧯⠪ߚߜ߇⚿߫ࠇࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅޔߘߩⷫߚߜߩ

⟋߇⿏ࠊࠇޔ⚷߇ᒝ߼ࠄࠇࠆޕ߹ߚCymbelineߦ߅޿ߡIagoߩᖈࠍ߽ߟIachimo

߽ᖎ޿ᡷ߼ޔᖡੱߩQueenߣᕷሶߩClotenߪᱫߦޔᦨᓟߦߪᐘ⑔ߣᐔ๺߇

⥰บߦߺߥ߉ࠆޕThe Winter’s Taleߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔߥࠄߕ⠪Autolycus߽ᦨᓟߦ

ߪߐߐ߿߆ߥ߇ࠄ⦟ᔃࠍ␜ߒޔ഍ߪ߼ߢߚߊ᐀ࠍ㐽ߓࠆޕὼࠆߦThe Tempest

ߢߪᦨᓟ߹ߢ᳿ߒߡᡷᔃߔࠆߎߣߩߥ޿ੱ‛߇⊓႐ߔࠆޕߎߎߦઁߩ㧞૞ຠ

ߣߩᄢ߈ߥ⋧⇣߇޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ

ߎߩዊ⺰ߢߪnatureߣߩ㑐ㅪ߆ࠄޔߎߩ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤߒޔThe Tempest

ߩ․⾰ߩ৻┵ߦ⸅ࠇߡߺࠃ߁ߣᕁ߁ޕ

Σ

ೋ߼ߦCymbelineߦ߅ߌࠆnatureⷰࠍ⷗ߡߺࠃ߁ޕCymbeline₺ߦㅊ᡼ߐ

ࠇߚరኅ⤿Belarius ߇ߎࠇࠍᕱߺޔߘߩᤨ㧞ੱߩ₺ሶGuideriusߣArviragus

╙ੑㇱ ૞ຠ⺰

IV.iv.86-88 ߘߩ᢬ᮨ᭽ߦߪஉᄢߥㅧൻߩ⥄ὼߦੱᎿ߇ ട߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ⡞޿ߡ޿߹ߔߩߢޕ

ߘࠇߦኻߒߡPolixenesߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦᓐߩ⺰ℂࠍዷ㐿ߔࠆޕ

Say there be;

Yet nature is made better by no mean

But nature makes that mean : so, over that art, Which you say adds to nature, is an art

That nature makes. You see, sweet maid, we marry A gentler scion to the wildest stock,

And make conceive a bark of baser kind By bud of nobler race. This is an art

Which does mend nature ̆change it rather ̆but

The art itself is nature.

IV. iv. 88-97 ߘ߁߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ޕ

ߌࠇߤ߽⥄ὼ߇ߘߩᚻᲑࠍㅧࠄߥߌࠇ߫ޔ

⥄ὼߪࠃߊߥࠄߥ޿ޕߛ߆ࠄ⥄ὼߦട߃ࠄࠇࠆߣ

޽ߥߚߩ⸒߁ߘߩੱᎿࠍ⥄ὼ߇↢ߺ಴ߔᛛ߇ᡰ㈩ߔࠆޕ

޽ߩߨޔᆷߐࠎޔᚒޘߪ਄ຠߥᨑࠍ㊁↢ߩบᧁߣ

⚿ᇕߐߖߡޔ㜞⾆ߥⴊ╭ߩ⧘ߢඬߒ޿ᧁߦሶࠍኋࠄߖࠆ ߎߣ߇޽ࠆޕߎࠇ߇⥄ὼࠍᡷ⦟ߔࠆޔ޿߿߻ߒࠈ ㅧࠅ߆߃ࠆᛛߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔߘߩᛛߘߩ߽ߩ߇⥄ὼߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߦthe child of natureߢ޽ࠆPerditaߪgreat creating natureࠍ⼝⟤

ߒޔartࠍุቯߔࠆޕߘࠇߦ෻ߒߡޔ਎ߩ᦭᭽ࠍߟ߱ߐߦⷰኤߒߡ߈ߚᄢੱߩ

Polixenesߪߚࠎߥࠆ⚛ᧉߥnatureߩ⼝⟤⠪ߢߪߥߊޔartࠍᑯ⼔ߒޔnature

ߣart ߣߪኻ┙᭎ᔨߢߪߥߊޔ⋧⵬߁ߴ߈߽ߩޔ⺞๺ߔߴ߈߽ߩߣ⠨߃ߡ޿

ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕKnowltonߪߎߩnature-art໧╵ߦ㑐ߒߡޔPerditaߩᗧ⷗ߪᓐ

ᅚߩᕈᩰߦ߰ߐࠊߒ޿⠨߃ᣇߢޔᱜߒ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔShakespeareߪPolixenes

╙ච౐┨

ߩ⠨߃ߦㄭ޿ߣ⸒ߞߡ޿ࠆޕߘߒߡߎߩPolixenesߩnatureⷰޔartⷰ߇The

Tempestߦᒁ⛮߇ࠇߡ޿ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ㨫

Τ

ߢߪThe Tempestߩnatureߦߟ޿ߡ⷗ߡߺࠃ߁㨫Calibanߩᢎ⢒㨯ゕߦኻߔࠆ

Prosperoߩᄬᦸߩ⸒⪲ߪThe Winter’s Taleߦ߅ߌࠆPerditaߣPolixenesߣߩ

㑆ߦ੤ࠊߐࠇࠆnature㨯art ໧╵ߣห᭽ߦᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈੐ᨩߢ޽ࠆ㨫Prospero ߪ

㧞ੱߩᇕ⚂ࠍ␸߁ߚ߼ᅯ♖ߚߜߩṶߓࠆ઒㕙഍ࠍᆷMirandaߣFerdinandߦ

⷗ߖߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔߘߩᦨਛߦ Caliban ߚߜ߇⥄ಽߩ๮ࠍ⁓߁ડߺࠍ⓭ὼᕁ޿಴

ߒߡޔ

A devil, a born devil, on whose nature Nurture can never stick ; on whom my pains, Humanely taken, all, all lost, quite lost ; And as with age his body uglier grows, So his mind cankers.

IV.i.188-192 ᖡ㝷ߛޔ↢߹ࠇߥ߇ࠄߩᖡ㝷ߛޔ⥄ὼߩᕈ⾰ߦߪ ߤ߁ᢎ⢒ߒߡ߽りߦߟ߆ߥ޿ޕຟࠇߦᕁߞߡ ߒߚࠊߒߩ⧰ഭ߽ߥߦ߽߆߽ή㚝ߦޔోߊή㚝ߦ ߥߞߡߒ߹ߞߚޕ

ߘߒߡ߿ߟߩり૕ߪᐕߣߣ߽ߦ㉛ߊߥࠅޔ߹ߚᔃ߽

⣣ߞߡ޿ߊޕ

ߣ⣻┙ߚߒߘ߁ߦ⸒߁㨫ߎࠇ߇Calibanߩnatureߢ޽ࠆޕKermode߇Arden

Shakespeareߩᵈߢᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦޔߎߩnatureߩ߽ߟᗧ๧ߪⶄ㔀ߢ޽

ࠅޔProsperoߩartߣProvidential Natureࠍ⴫ࠊߔGraceߣኻ┙ߔࠆᗧ๧ࠍ᦭

ߒޔCalibanߩinnate characterߛߌߢߥߊgraceless and fallen lifeࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ

޿ࠆ㨫nurtureߪMirandaߦProspero߇ᣉߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔߘࠇ߇Mirandaߩ

႐วߦᚑഞߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪMirandaߩnature߇Calibanߩnatureߣ⇣⾰ߩ߽ߩ

ߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕnurtureߪᐢ޿ᗧ๧ߢߩeducationߢ޽ࠅޔlearningߪThe

╙ੑㇱ

૞ຠ⺰

ߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆޕ↰࿦↢ᵴߦ ߅޿ߡޔ⥄ὼ߇⼾߆ߥ↥‛

ࠍㅧࠅ಴ߒߡή᰼ߥ ޔ

ή၁ߩ᳃ࠍ㙃ߞߡߊࠇࠆߣ

⥄ὼࠍ⾥⟤ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ᳃߇

ઁߩ᳃ߣ㘩ᢱࠍᎼߞ ߡ

੎߁ߎߣ߽ߥ޿ޕߒߚ߇ߞߡᚢ੎ߩᱞེߥߤᔅⷐߣߒߥ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߎࠇߦኻߒߡ

Antonio

Sebastia ߣ

ߪ৻ߟ৻ߟࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ⊒ߒޔ n Gonzal

ߩ o

⥄ὼ⾥⟤ࠍ⨥ൻߔߩߢ޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒ Gonzal ߪℂᗐㇹߩታ⃻ߥߤᄞ‛⺆ߦߔ o

߉ߥ޿ߣ⍮ࠅߟߟ⸒ߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫ᓐߪ㊁ᔃኅߩ Antonio ߇ޔ ା㗬ߒߡ᡽

ᴦࠍછߖ㝷ⴚߦ⡓ߞߡ޿ߚఱߩ Prosper ࠍᆷߣ౒ߦㅊ᡼ߒߚ੐ታࠍ⋡᠄ߒޔ o

߹ߚᮭ⻎ⴚᢙ᷵Ꮞߊችᑨߣ

޿߁⃻ታߩ㉛ᖡߐߩਛߢ↢

߈ߡ߈ߚችᑨੱߢ޽ࠆ 㨫

Shak ߎߎߢ

espe ߪℂᗐㇹߩᑪ⸳ࠍਇน⢻ߦޔ ߹ߚᄞ‛⺆ߦߒޔ are natural order

ࠍ፣უߐߖࠆߩߪ Antonio

Sebastian ߿

evil natur ߥߤߩ

ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ໂߒ e

ߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

Υ

Milan

ߩᄢ౏ߢ޽ߞߚ Prosper

o

Antonio ߪᒉߩ

ߦᄢ౏ߩ૏ࠍᅓࠊࠇ ޔᆷ

Miranda ߣ㧞ੱޔ㥘߽

ㅏߍ಴ߔ߷ࠈ

⥱ߦਸ਼ߖࠄࠇ ޔㅊ᡼ߐࠇߡ

ߎߩፉߦߚߤ

ࠅ⌕޿ߚޕߘࠇએ᧪ޔᓳ⼦

ߩᯏળ߇⸰ࠇࠆߩࠍᓙߞߡ

޿ߚ߇ޔߟ޿ߦߘߩ

ᤨ

߇೔᧪ߒޔ੸ᢜ߇ߔߴߡ Prosper

ߩᚻਛߦ޽ࠅޔᓳ⼦ o

߽ᗧߩ߹߹ߣߥࠆ 㨫

Naples

Alonzo ₺

߽ޔߘߩᒉ Sebastion

Antonio ߽

߽᳇߇⁅ߞߡ߅ࠅޔᓥ⠪ߚ

ߜߪߘߩ᦭᭽ࠍ⷗ߡޔགྷ߈ᖤߒࠎߢ޿ࠆ㨫߹ߐߦߘߩᤨߦ Prosper ߩᔃߦᄢ o

߈ߥᄌൻ߇⿠ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕᅯ♖ߢ޽ࠆ Ariel ߇ੱ㑆ߢ޽ࠆ

Prosper ߦะ߆ߞ o

ߡޔ His

= Gonzal o tears r

uns down his bear d, like winter

’s drop s

From eave s of r

eeds. Yo ur char m so str ongly works ’em,

That if you now beheld them, your affection

s

Would become t ender.

V . i. 16-1 9

ߘߩᣇߩᶡ߇ޔ߹ࠆߢⅽ⫘ߩイ߆ࠄ౻ߩ㔎߇Ṣࠅ⪭ߜࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ

ߘߩ㜯߆ࠄṢࠅ⪭ߜߡ߅ࠅ߹ߒߚޕ޽ߥߚߩ㝷ᴺ߇ᄢᄌ ᒝߊ௛߈߹ߔߩߢޔᓐࠄࠍߏⷩߦߥࠇ߫ޔ޽ߥߚߩ߅᳇ᜬߜ߇

╙ච౐┨

๺ࠄߋߎߣߢߒࠂ߁ޕ

ߣ⸒߁㨫ߎߩ⸒⪲ߦ Prosper o ߪᷓߊᔃࠍേ߆ߐࠇߚ߆ߩࠃ߁ߦޔ“Dost thou

think so?”

V .i.1 9ߣ໧߁㨫ߔࠆߣ

Ariel ߇ޟߘ߁ᕁ߁ߢߒࠂ߁ޔ⑳߇ੱ㑆ߢߒ

“Mine would, s ߚࠄޠ

ir, wer e I huma

n.”V .i.2 0ߣ╵߃ࠆ㨫ߎࠇࠍ⡞޿ߚ Prosper

o

ߪ

And mine shall.

Hast thou, whic h art but

air, a t ouch, a feeling

Of their a fflictions, and shall not

myself,

One of their kin d, that relish all as sharpl

y

Passion as they , be kindlier mov’d than th

ou art?

Though with their high wrongs I am str

uck to th’ quick,

Y et with my nob ler r

eason ’gainst my fury

Do I take part : the rare r act ion is

In virtue than in vengeance : th

ey being penitent,

The sole drift of my purpose dot h extend

Not a frow n further . G o rel ease them , Ariel

:

My charm s I’ll b reak, their senses I'll r estore.

And they shall be themselves.

V .i.20-32

⑳߽ߘ߁ߛࠈ߁ޕ

ⓨ᳇ߦߔ߉ߥ޿߅೨߇޽ߩㅪਛߩ⧰ߒߺࠍᗵߓߡ޿ࠆߩߦ หߓੱ㑆ߢ޽ࠅޔᖤߒߺࠍㅪਛߣห᭽㍈ߊᗵߓࠆ⑳߇ ߅೨ࠃࠅ߽หᖱᔃࠍേ߆ߐࠇߥ޿ߎߣ߇޽ࠈ߁߆ޕ ᓐࠄߩ߭ߤ޿઀ᛂߜߪ㛽りߦߎߚ߃ߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔ

⑳ߪᔶࠅࠍᛥ߃ߡޔࠃࠅ㜞⾆ߥℂᕈߩ஥ߦߟߊޕ ᓳ⼦ࠃࠅᓼࠍᣉߔ߶߁߇┙ᵷߥⴕ޿ߛޕᓐࠄߪᓟᖎߒߡ

޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠇ߫ޔ໑৻ߩ⑳ߩะ߆߁㆏ߪ߽߁ߒ߆߼㕙ࠍ ߒߥ޿ߎߣߛޕࠛ࡯࡝ࠕ࡞ޔᓐࠄࠍ᡼఺ߒߡ߿ࠇޕ

⑳ߪ㝷ᴺࠍ⸃޿ߡޔᱜ᳇ߦᚯߒߡ߿ࠈ߁ޕరㅢࠅߦߥࠈ߁ޕ

╙ੑㇱ

૞ຠ⺰

“unnatural deeds / Do br eed unnatural troubles.”

V . i. 68-69 ߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫

Hamlet

ߦ߅޿ߡ߽

Claudiu s ߩఱᲕߒߪޟ㇎ߥᭂᖡ㕖㆏ߩੱᲕߒޠ

“foul a nd

most unn atural

m urder

”I.v .25 ߢ޽ࠅޔ ޟᭂᖡޔ

ᄸᕋޔ 㕖㆏ޠ

“most foul, stran ge,

and unnatural

”I. v . 2 8ߢ޽ࠆ㨫

Antonio

Sebastian ߽

Claudius ߽

ߣหߓ⟋ࠍ‽

ߒߚ߆߽⍮ࠇߥ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫

Othello

ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔሃᅺߦ⁅ߞߚ Othello ߇ᗲߔࠆ᡿ߦᲕߔߩߛߣ⸒ࠊࠇ

ߚߣ߈ޔDesdemona ߪޟᗲߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄᲕߐࠇࠆߥࠎߡ⥄ὼߩ᧦ℂߦ෻ߒ߹

ߔޠ“That death’s unnatural that k ills f or loving”

V . ii. 42 .ߣต߱㨫ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ

nature ߦ෻ߔࠆߎߣޔ

unnatural

Shak ߥߎߣߪ

espear ߦ߅޿ߡ㊀ⷐߥᗧ๧ࠍ e

᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ㨫ή၁ߥ Miranda

Alonzo ߇

৻ⴕࠍ⷗ߡޔ ޟੱ㑆ߪߥࠎߡ⟤

ߒ޿ߩߢߒࠂ߁ޕ ⚛᥍ࠄߒ޿ᣂ਎⇇ߢߔޠ

“H ow beauteous m

ankind is ! Br

ave

new world”

IV .i.183 ߣᗵགྷߒޔ

㛳གྷߩ⋡ࠍノ߆ߔ㨫ߎࠇߦኻߒߡߎߩ਎ߦ෩ὼ

ߚࠆᖡߩሽ࿷ࠍ⍮ࠆ Prosper

ߪޟ߅೨ߦ o ߣߞߡᣂߒ޿ߩߛޠ

“It's new to

thee”IV .i.184 .ߣߘߞߌߥߊ⸒޿᡼ߟޕProsper

ߪ o

white magic

art ߣ޿߁

ߦ

ࠃߞߡ፲ࠍᏎ߈⿠ߎߔߎߣ

߽಴᧪ޔᄢ⥄ὼࠍᕁ߁߹߹

ߦᠲࠆ㨫ߒ߆ߒ Anne

Barton

ߪ

Pros

ߩ pero

ߦߟ޿ߡᭂ߼ߡᖤⷰ⊛ߥ⸒⪲ߢᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⸒ߞߡ art

޿ࠆ㨫

What his

art cannot do is the thing which u

ltimately mat ter

s most

; he ca n

never change the natur e and inclinations of

the hum an heart.

... H e has no way

of

for cin g the men who plot a

gain st h im to be good. Caliban can not be civilized or

made grateful.

art

ߦࠃߞߡ⥄ὼ⇇ࠍ߽⥄↱ߦᠲࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߦޔ ੱ㑆ߩ㇎ᖡߥᧄᕈࠍ

ᄌ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆޕߚߛ Caliba ߪ㝷ᅚߩሶߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ n

߇㑐ଥߒߡ޿ࠆޕᢎൻߢ߈ ߥ޿ߎߣ߽ޔᗵ⻢ߩᔨࠍᬀ

߃ߟߌࠆߎߣ߇࿎㔍 ߥ

ߩ߽⥌ߒᣇߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ

Cymbelin

߿ e The Wint er’s T al ߢߪ⟋߿⧰㔍ߪ␹ߩ៨ℂߣ⊓႐ੱ‛ߩᡷᖔߦ e

ࠃߞߡᦨᓟߦߪᵺൻߐࠇޔ ๺⸃߇ታ⃻ߔࠆޕ

The T em ߒ߆ߒ

ߢߪ pest

Pros per o

art ߪ

Caliba ߦࠃߞߡ

ߩ n

nature

Antonio ߽

nature ߩ

߽⦟޿ᣇ߳ᄌ߃ࠆߎߣ߇

಴᧪ߥ޿㨫ߘߒߡ Antonio

ߪᢥ᣿ߦᲥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆಽ৻ጀᆎᧃ߇ᖡ޿ߣ⸒߃ࠃ

╙ච౐┨

߁㨫␹ߩᕲ኶ࠍ᳞߼ࠆ⸒⪲ߢߪߥ޿߇ޔ Caliba ߩ ޟ⸵ߒࠍ᳞߼ࠃ߁ޠ n

“seek for

grace”

V . i.

29 5ߣ޿߁⸒⪲ߦߪ߹ߛᢇ޿߇޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ

The T emp

ߩၮ⺞ߪ est

pes simis ߢ޽ࠆޕ޽ࠆὐߢߪ m Shak

espe ߩᦨᄢᖤ are

഍ߣߐࠇࠆ King L ߇ ear The T empest ࠃࠅ߽ⷰቴߦᏗᦸࠍਈ߃ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿

ߛࠈ߁߆ޕ

ߪ Lear

Poor T ߦᄌⵝߒߡ޿ࠆ⵻ߩ om

Edgar ࠍ⷗ߡޔ ޟᱫೃߛޔ

ⵣ

ಾࠅ⠪ޔⷫਇቁߥᆷએᄖߦ

⺕߽ੱࠍߎࠎߥߦᗌ߼ߥᆫ ߦߔࠆߪߕ߇ߥ޿ޠ

̌Death, trait or ! nothing c ould have subdu’d

natur e / T o such a lowness but h

is

unkind daughters.̍II. iv . 70- 71ߣ⸒ߞߚ߇ޔ

ruined piece of nature

ߢ޽ࠅޔ

abused nature ߹ߚ

Lear ߢ޽ࠆ

ߦߪޟ㧞ੱߩᆷ߇ੱᖱߦ਎ߩ๡޿ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ

ߚ߇ޔߘߩ

๡޿߆ࠄ

ੱᖱࠍ

⿏ࠊࠇࠆ߽

߁㧝ੱߩ

“one daughter ᆷޠ

, / Who

redeems natur e fr

om the gen eral curse

/W hic h t wai n h ave tw ain hav e b rou ght

her to.”IV .vi.21 0-212߇޿ࠆޕ

Kerm

ode

Caliba ߪ

ߪ n

the natural man ߢ޽ࠅޔ ᢥ᣿ੱࠍ᷹ࠆዤᐲߢ޽ࠆߣ

⸒߁㨫 Prosper o ߇ᅯ♖ߦᄸᕋߥᆫࠍߐߖޔbanquet

Alonzo ࠍ

৻ⴕߩ೨ߦᜬߞ

ߡⴕ߆ߖࠆޕߎߩᅯ♖ߚߜࠍ⷗ߡ Gonzal

߇ o

For , cer tes , these ar e people of the island,

̆

Who, though they ar e of monstr

ous shape, yet , note,

Their manners are mor e gentle, kind, than of

Our human generation you shall find

Many , nay , al most any . III. iii. 30-34

⏕߆ߦޔ޽ߩੱߚߜߪፉߩ૑᳃ߢߔ߆ࠄޕ

޽ߩੱߚߜߪᄸᕋߥᆫࠍߒߡ޿߹ߔ߇ޔߘߩ‛⣶ߪ ࠊࠇࠊࠇੱ㑆ޔᄙߊߩ⠪ޔ޿߿ޔߤߩੱࠃࠅ߽

ຠ߇޽ࠅޔఝߒ޿ߩߢߔޕ

ߣ⸒߁ߣޔProsper ߪற⊕ߢᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⸒߁㨫 o

Honest lord,

Thou hast said well ; for some of you ther

e pres ent

Are worse than devils.

޽ߣ߇߈

Shakespeare ߩో㓸߇ᜧ໧ㇱደߢ޽ߞߡޔShakespeare ߪߘߎߢ nature of

Nature ߦ㑐ߒߡޔ㘻ߊߥ߈⼏⺰ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ Ted Hughes ߩ⸥ㅀࠍ

BradshawߪShakespeare’s Scepticismߩᐨߩ౨㗡ߢ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆޕᧄᦠߪnature

ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺰⠨ߢ޽ࠆޕ⧷⺆ߩnatureߪ࡜࠹ࡦ⺆ߩnaturaߦ↱᧪ߒޔߘߩnatura

ߪࠡ࡝ࠪࡖ⺆ physis ߩ⸶⺆ߢ޽ࠆޕnatura ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ⧷⺆ߩᧄ᧪⺆ߪ kind

ߢ޽ࠆޕᐨ┨ߢޔphysisޔnaturaޔnatureߩᗧ๧ࠍតࠅޔ╙৻ㇱߢޔShakespeare

ߩో૞ຠߩᵷ↢⺆ࠍ฽߼ߚోߡߩnatureߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᗧ๧ࠍᬌ⸛ߒޔ╙ੑㇱߢ

ߪޔߎࠇ߹ߢ⊒⴫ߒߚ⺰⠨ߩ߁ߜޔnatureࠍࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ߦ⺰ߓߚ૞ຠ⺰ࠍ෼

߼ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

Shakespeare ߩ⸶ᢥߪ⹜⸶ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔߎࠇ߹ߢ಴ ߐࠇߚ߶ߣࠎߤߩ⠡⸶

߇෼߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޟࠪࠚࠗࠢࠬࡇࠕᄢోޠCD-ROM 㧔ᣂầ␠✬ޔ2003)ࠍ

ෳ⠨ߦߐߖߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚޕฦ⠡⸶ኅߪߘࠇߙࠇnatureߩ⸶಴ߦᗧࠍዧߊߒߡ

߅ࠄࠇࠆޕᢘᗧߣᗵ⻢ߩᗧࠍ⴫ߒߚ޿ޕ

૞ຠ⺰ߢߪᄙޘ㊀ⶄ߇޽ࠆ߇ߘߩ߹߹ߦߒߡ޿ࠆޕߏኡᕣࠍ⺧޿ߚ޿ޕ╙

৻ㇱߦ߅޿ߡޔᢥ⣂ߩਛߢnatureߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᗧ๧ࠍ⠨ኤߒߚߛߌߢ޽ࠅޔ੹

ᓟᦝߦ nature ߩℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼ޔnature ࠍࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ߣߒߡో૞ຠࠍ⠨ⓥߒޔ

Shakespeareߩో૕௝ࠍᶋ߆߮਄߇ࠄߖߚ޿ߣᕁߞߡ޿ࠆޕ

ᧄᦠߩ಴ ߪ㑐⷏ᄢቇ⎇ⓥᚑᨐ಴ ⵬ഥ㊄ⷙ⒟ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢޔផ⮈ߩㄉࠍ ᦠ޿ߡߊߛߐߞߚ਄᧛ືᒾޔဈᧄᱞਔ᳁ߦᗵ⻢ߩᗧࠍ⴫ߒߚ޿ޕ߹ߚ⺰ᢥߩ ォタࠍᔟߊᛚ⻌ߒߡߊߛߐߞߚᄢ㒋ᢎ⢒࿑ᦠߩ␠㐳ߢ޽ࠆᮮጊືᒫ᳁ߦ⻢ᗧ

ࠍ⴫ߒߚ޿ޕᦨᓟߦޔ಴ ㇱߩ⺖ຬߩᣇޘߩߏ㈩ᘦߦᔃࠃࠅᗵ⻢↳ߒ਄ߍࠆޕ

ᐔᚑᐕ㧞᦬ᣣ

╴੗ ⣑

シェークスピアにおけるＮａｔｕｒｅの意味１９、２０折付け合わせウラスミ

(4)

－著者紹介－

筒井脩^{（つつい・おさむ）}

－著者略歴－

1935年神戸市生まれ

1960年関西大学文学部英文学科卒業

1964年関西大学大学院文学研究科修士課程英文学専攻修了現在関西大学文学部教授

－著書－

『英語学習のためのCD-ROM入門 ―辞典・聖書・英米文学― 』大阪教育図書、1996年

シェイクスピアにおけるNatureの意味

2006年3月15日発行

著者筒井脩

発行所関西大学出版部

〒564-8680 大阪府吹田市山手町3-3-35 電話 06(6368)1121 FAX 06(6389)5162 印刷所㈱廣済堂

大阪事業部豊中市蛍池西町2-2-1

著者 筒井 脩

シェイクスピアにおけるNatureの意味