Recent Trend and Applications on Additive Manufacturing with Metal: A Review

(1)

ڦࣞࣅ࣮ࣗڦ

㔠ᒓ㸱㹂ࣉࣜࣥࢱࡢ㛤Ⓨືྥ࡜௒ᚋࡢᒎ㛤

Recent Trend and Applications on Additive Manufacturing with Metal: A Review

ᕤᏛ㒊ࣟ࣎ࢸ࢕ࢡࢫᏛ⛉^*1 ᩍᤵ ிᴟ ⚽ᶞ Hideki Kyogoku

In this paper, recent trend and applications on additive manufacturing with metal are reviewed. Recently, additive manufacturing technologies are paid great attention especially in the aerospace, automotive, and medical industries because of the possibility to manufacture lighter structures to reduce weight, complex high-performance parts, and so on. The classification of additive manufacturing technologies by the ASTM F42 committee is introduced, especially the powder bed fusion and direct energy deposition methods which are applied to fabricate the metal parts are explained. And also, the specification of the 3D printer for metal parts and the mechanical properties of various alloys are described. Finally, the importance of the additive manufacturing is described in the future manufacturing.

Keywords: Additive Manufacturing, 3D Printer, Laser Sintering/Melting, Electron Beam Melting, Laser Metal Deposition

㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟^(1)-(3)

㔠ᒓ㒊ရࡢ〇㐀ࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶࠿ࡽษ๐ຍᕤ࡟ࡼࡿ㝖ཤຍᕤ

࡜㗪㐀࣭㘫㐀࣭ረᛶຍᕤࡢࡼ࠺࡟㔠ᆺ࡞࡝ࡢᆺࢆ฼⏝ࡍ

ࡿᡂᙧຍᕤࢆ୰ᚰ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪CAD ࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽ┤᥋〇ရࢆ〇㐀ࡍࡿ㸪㝖ཤ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚௜ຍࡍࡿ

࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛௜ຍຍᕤ㸦AM: Additive Manufacturing㸧 ᢏ⾡ࡀᛴ㏿࡟Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௜ຍຍᕤᢏ⾡ࡣ㸪ḟ❶

࡛ࡶࡑࡢṔྐࢆ㏙࡭ࡿࡀ㸪㔠ᒓ⢊ᮎ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧᢏ

⾡࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪1980ᖺ௦༙ࡤࡢࢸ࢟ࢧࢫ኱Ꮫ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕

ࣥᰯࡢBeamanᩍᤵࡽࡢ㑅ᢥⓗ࣮ࣞࢨ↝⤖㸦SLS:

Selective Laser Sintering㸧ᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲࡟㐳ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࢆዎ ᶵ࡟㸪ࢻ࢖ࢶ࡛ࡶEOS♫࡟ࡼࡿ┤᥋࣮ࣞࢨ✚ᒙᢏ⾡࡟ࡼ

ࡿ⿦⨨ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ㧗ฟຊࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮࣮ࣞࢨࡢ㛤

Ⓨࡸ⿦⨨ࡢᛶ⬟ྥୖ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ⢊ᮎ〇㐀ᢏ⾡ࡢྥୖ࡟ࡼ

ࡾᐇ⏝ⓗ࡞㔠ᒓ〇ရ࡬ࡢ㐺⏝ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞✚ᒙ㐀ᙧᢏ⾡ࡢⓎᒎࡢ୰࡛ࡣ㸪2009ᖺ࡟ࢸ

࢟ࢧࢫ኱Ꮫ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥᰯࡢBourellᩍᤵࡽࡀ୰ᚰ࡜࡞

ࡾ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧᢏ⾡ࡢ࣮ࣟࢻ࣐ࢵࣉ⁽⁴⁾ࢆస ᡂࡋ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ASTM࡟࠾࠸࡚F42ጤဨ఍ࢆ❧ࡕୖࡆ㸪つ᱁໬ࢆ㐍ࡵࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪2012ᖺ5᭶ࡢ࢜ࣂ࣐኱⤫㡿ࡢ₇ ㄝ࡟⧅ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ୰࡛ࡣ㸪࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ

〇㐀ᴗࡢ᚟άࡢࡓࡵࡢ᰾࡜࡞ࡿᡓ␎࡜ࡋ࡚AM

㸦Additive Manufacturing㸧ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ேᮦᩍ⫱

࡟10൨ࢻࣝࢆᢞ㈨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋ㸪NAMII (National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute)㸪⌧ᅾࡢ

America Makesࢆタ❧ࡋ࡚௨᮶㸪ᡃࡀᅜࢆࡣࡌࡵୡ⏺୰

࡛ᮏᢏ⾡࡟ᑐࡍࡿὀ┠ᗘࡀᛴ㏿࡟㧗ࡲࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ

࠺࡞⫼ᬒࡢࡶ࡜㸪✚ᒙ㐀ᙧ࡟ࡼࡿ௜ຍຍᕤᢏ⾡㸪࠸ࢃࡺ

ࡿ3Dࣉࣜࣥࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡀ᪂ࡓ࡞ຍᕤἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿ

ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬

2013ᖺᗘ࡟ࡣ㸪⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ3Dࣉࣜࣥࢱ࡬

ࡢ㛵ᚰࡢ㧗ࡲࡾ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࠕ᪂ࡶࡢ࡙ࡃࡾ◊✲఍ࠖ

ࡢ❧ࡕୖࡆ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ㸪ࠕ୕ḟඖ㐀ᙧᢏ⾡ࢆ᰾࡜ࡋࡓࡶࡢ

࡙ࡃࡾ㠉࿨ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ 㸫ḟୡ௦⏘ᴗ⏝3Dࣉࣜࣥࢱᢏ

⾡㛤Ⓨ㸫ࠖࡢ୰࡛㸪㔠ᒓ⢊ᮎࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓᅜᐙࣉࣟࢪ࢙

ࢡࢺࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓ㸬

ᮏᏛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡣ㸪ⴭ⪅ࡀ2001ᖺ8᭶࠿ࡽ1 ᖺ㛫㸪ࢸ࢟ࢧࢫ኱Ꮫ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥᰯ࡟␃Ꮫࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ

ጞࡲࡿ㸬ᙜ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㸪Ti-NiSMAࡢ࣮ࣞࢨ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧᢏ⾡

࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࡜ేࡏ࡚㸪࣮ࣞࢨࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊

✲ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸬ᖐᅜᚋ࡟, YAG࣮ࣞࢨࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ✚ᒙ㐀 ᙧᢏ⾡㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ2006ᖺᗘ࣭2007ᖺᗘ࡟⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ᆅ ᇦ᪂⏕ࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࢔࣒஦ᴗ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪50Wࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮࣮ࣞ

ࢨࢆᦚ㍕ࡋࡓ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧ⿦⨨ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ㸪࢔࣑ࣝࢽ࣒࢘ྜ㔠 ࡢ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢᚋ㸪ᮏ⿦⨨࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࢳࢱࣥ㸪 ࢫࢸࣥࣞࢫ㗰㸪ᕤල㗰࡞࡝ࡢᮦᩱ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧ᮲௳

ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪࣮ࣞࢨࡢฟຊࡀప࠸ࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᙧ≧௜

୚ࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㧗ᐦᗘࡢ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧయࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴 ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࢆཷࡅ࡚㸪2014ᖺᗘ࡟ࡣ㸪

*ཎ✏ཷ௜ 2014ᖺ5᭶21᪥

*¹ ࠛ739-2116 ᮾᗈᓥᕷ㧗ᒇ࠺ࡵࡢ㎶1␒ E-Mail : [email protected]

近畿大学次世代基盤技術研究所報告 Vol. 5（2014）139－143

(2)

ୖグᅜᐙࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡬ࡢཧຍࡀỴࡲࡾ㸪ḟୡ௦ᇶ┙ᢏ

⾡◊✲ᡤ࡟᪂ࡓ࡟ࠕ3D㐀ᙧᢏ⾡◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠖࢆ❧ࡕୖ

ࡆࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪᭱㏆3Dࣉࣜࣥࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ௜

ຍຍᕤࡢ࠺ࡕ㔠ᒓ⢊ᮎࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧᢏ⾡ࡢ᭱㏆

ࡢ㛤Ⓨືྥ࡜௒ᚋࡢᒎ㛤࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸬

㸬✚ᒙ㐀ᙧᢏ⾡ࡢṔྐ(1),(5),(6)

✚ᒙ㐀ᙧᢏ⾡ࡣ㸪ᑠ⋢Ặࡢ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧᢏ⾡࡟ጞࡲࡿ࡜ࡉ

ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᚋHullẶ࡟ࡼࡾග㐀ᙧἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢏ⾡ࡀ☜

❧ࡉࢀ㸪1986ᖺ࡟3D Systems♫ࢆタ❧ࡋ࡚௨᮶㸪ᬑཬ ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡶࢩ࣮࣓ࢵࢺ♫ࡀග㐀ᙧ⿦⨨ࢆ㛤Ⓨ

ࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸪ึᮇ࡟ࡣ✀ࠎࡢ᪉ᘧࡢ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧ⿦⨨ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉ

ࢀࡓ㸬ྠ᫬ᮇ࡟ᶞ⬡ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ⁐⼥≀ሁ✚ἲࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ㸪 Stratasys♫ࢆࡣࡌࡵከࡃࡢ௻ᴗ࠿ࡽ⿦⨨ࡀ㈍኎ࡉࢀ㸪⌧

ᅾࡢ3Dࣉࣜࣥࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᡤ௨࡟ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᙜ᫬ᶞ⬡࡟ࡼࡿ〇ရࡣ㸪ヨసရࡢᙧ≧☜ㄆ࡟

␃ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࢸ࢟ࢧࢫ኱Ꮫ࣮࢜ࢫࢸ࢕ࣥᰯࡢ

Beamanᩍᤵࡽࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㔠ᒓ⢊ᮎࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㑅ᢥⓗ࣮ࣞࢨ

↝⤖㸦SLS: Selective Laser Sintering㸧ἲ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ✚

ᒙ㐀ᙧᢏ⾡ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ㸬1987ᖺ࡟ᙜ኱Ꮫࡢ࣋ࣥࢳ࣮ࣕ

⫱ᡂ஦ᴗ࡟ࡼࡾDTM♫ࡀタ❧ࡉࢀ㸪⿦⨨㛤Ⓨࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ

ࡓ㸬ᮏἲ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㔠ᒓ⢊ᮎ࡟ᶞ⬡ࢆῧຍ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢥ

࣮ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡋࡓ⢊ᮎࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ࡟⁐ᾐ࡜࠸࠺ᕤ

⛬ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢᚋ㸪1989ᖺ࡟ࢻ࢖ࢶ࣭EOS♫ࡀ タ❧ࡉࢀ㸪㔠ᒓ⢊ᮎࢆ┤᥋࣮ࣞࢨ↝⤖ࡍࡿ⿦⨨ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉ

ࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪๓⪅࡜␗࡞ࡾ㔠ᒓ⢊ᮎࡢࡳࢆ┤᥋✚ᒙ㐀 ᙧࡋ㸪ᚋᕤ⛬ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪㔠ᒓ

⢊ᮎ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2000ᖺ௦࡟ධࡾࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ࣞ

࣮ࢨࡢ㧗ฟຊ໬ࡸ⢊ᮎࡢ〇㐀ᢏ⾡ࡢⓎᒎ࡟క࠸㸪EOS♫

ࢆࡣࡌࡵ㸪ྛ♫ࡢ⿦⨨ࡢ㧗ᛶ⬟໬ࡀ㐍ࡳ㸪2008ᖺ㡭௨㝆 ࡢ⿦⨨࡛ࡣ㸪࡯ࡰᐦᗘ 100㸣ࡢ㐀ᙧ≀ࡀస〇࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺

࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣮ࣞࢨࣅ࣮࣒ࢆග※࡜ࡋࡓ⿦⨨࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪 ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹ࣭ࣥARCAM♫ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ㟁Ꮚࣅ࣮࣒ࢆ฼⏝

ࡋࡓ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧ⿦⨨ࡣ┿✵࡛ࡢ㐀ᙧ࡜࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㓟໬ࡀၥ 㢟࡜࡞ࡿࢳࢱࣥࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ࢖ࣥࣉࣛࣥࢺࡢ〇㐀࡞࡝࡟

฼⏝ࡉࢀ㸪ᛴ㏿࡟ᬑཬࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ㸪Fraunhofer◊✲࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ࣮ࣞࢨ㔠ᒓሁ

✚㸦LMD㸸Laser Metal Deposition㸧ἲࡸSandia ᅜ❧

◊✲ᡤ࡟ࡼࡾ㛤ⓎࡉࢀࡓLENS^®ἲ࡞࡝㔠ᒓ⁐⼥ሁ✚ἲ

࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Optmec♫࠿ࡽ⿦⨨ࡀ㈍኎ࡉࢀ㸪฼⏝ࡉࢀ

ጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

㸬✚ᒙ㐀ᙧᢏ⾡ࡢศ㢮࡜≉ᚩ

✚ᒙ㐀ᙧᢏ⾡ࡣ㸪᭱㏆ࡲ࡛RP㸦Rapid Prototyping㸧㸪

RM㸦Rapid Manufacturing㸧➼ࡢྡ⛠࡛࿧ࡤࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪 2009ᖺࡢASTM F42ጤဨ఍࡟࠾࠸࡚AM㸦Additive Manufacturing㸧࡜࿧ࡪࡇ࡜ࡀỴᐃࡉࢀࡓ㸬

ᮏᢏ⾡ࡢ᭱኱ࡢ≉ᚩࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢษ๐ຍᕤࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍ

ࡿ௚ࡢຍᕤᢏ⾡࡛ࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡞ᙧ≧ࡢ〇ရࢆస〇࡛ࡁࡿⅬ

࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ࡯࠿㸪〇ရᶵ⬟ࡢ⤫ྜ໬࣭ಶᛶ໬ࡀྍ⬟㸪 ࢽ࣮ࢬ࡬ࡢ⣲᪩࠸ᑐᛂࡀྲྀࢀࡿ࡞࡝ࡢከࡃࡢ฼Ⅼࢆ᭷ࡍ

ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪᪂ࡓ࡞ຍᕤἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪

఩┦᭱㐺໬ᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡾᙧ≧᭱

㐺໬ࡉࢀࡓ〇ရࡢ〇㐀ࡀ㸪ᮏᢏ⾡࡟ࡼࡾྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜

ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬౛࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᅗ1࡟♧ࡍ㏻ᖖࡢ᪉ἲ

࡛ࡣస〇࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㍍㔞໬෭༷⟶ࡸ✀ࠎࡢᵓ㐀య࡟㛵ࡍࡿ

ሗ࿌ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ᮏᢏ⾡ࡣ㸪ASTM F 42 ጤဨ఍࡟ࡼࡾ㸪⾲1࡟♧ࡍ࢝

ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ࡞࡝㸪つ᱁໬ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ేࡏ࡚ISO࡟

࠾࠸࡚ࡶつ᱁໬ࡀ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௨ୗ࡟㸪㔠ᒓ〇ရ࡟㛵

ࢃࡿ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧᢏ⾡㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ(1)⢊ᮎ✚ᒙ⁐⼥㸦Powder Bed Fusion㸧ἲ࡜(2)⢊ᮎ⁐⼥ሁ✚㸦Directed Energy Deposition㸧ἲࡢᴫせࢆ㏙࡭ࡿ㸬࡞࠾㸪ᮾி኱Ꮫ࣭᪂㔝 ᩍᤵ࡟ࡼࡿヂྡࡣ(1)⢊ᮎᗋ⁐⼥㸦Powder Bed Fusion㸧 ἲ࡜(2)ᣦྥᛶ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ሁ✚㸦Directed Energy Deposition㸧࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

(1)⢊ᮎ✚ᒙ⁐⼥ἲ

࣮ࣞࢨࣅ࣮࣒࠾ࡼࡧ㟁Ꮚࣅ࣮࣒࡟ࡼࡿ௦⾲ⓗ࡞✚ᒙ㐀 ᙧἲ࡛㸪ᅗ2࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ᶞ⬡⢊ᮎ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㔠ᒓ⢊ᮎࢆ

↝⤖࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⁐⼥ࡋ࡚✚ᒙ㐀ᙧࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡛㸪㑅ᢥⓗ࣮ࣞ

ࢨ↝⤖࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⁐⼥ἲ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ᅗ1 ㍍㔞໬෭༷⟶㸦㸦ᰴ㸧࣍࣡࢖ࢺ࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺࡢዲ

ព࡟ࡼࡿ㸧

⾲1 ASTM࡟ࡼࡿAMᢏ⾡ࡢศ㢮

㸦㸧⢊ᮎᗋ⁐⼥ἲ

࣮ࣞࢨග࡟ࡼࡿ௦⾲ⓗ࡞✚ᒙ㐀ᙧἲ࡛㸪ᅗ2࡟♧ࡍࡼ

࠺࡟ᶞ⬡⢊ᮎ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㔠ᒓ⢊ᮎࢆ↝⤖࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⁐⼥ࡋ࡚

✚ᒙ㐀ᙧࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡛㸪㑅ᢥⓗ࣮ࣞࢨ↝⤖࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⁐⼥

(3)

ᅗ2. 㑅ᢥⓗ࣮ࣞࢨ↝⤖㸦ࢸ࢟ࢧࢫ኱Ꮫ

Bourellᩍᤵࡢዲព࡟ࡼࡿ㸧

᭱㏆ࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞㔠ᒓ⢊ᮎ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧ⿦⨨ࡢ௙ᵝࢆ⾲2࡟

♧ࡍ㸬᭱㏆ࡢ㔠ᒓ⢊ᮎࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ࣮ࣞࢨ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧ⿦⨨

ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡣ┠ぬࡲࡋࡃ㸪࣮ࣞࢨ࡟ࡣ㧗ฟຊࡢࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮ࣞ

࣮ࢨࡀ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪࣮ࣞࢨࡢ㧗ฟຊ໬࣭ከ㔜ග

※໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬SLM♫࡛ࡣ㸪㧗㏿໬ࡢࡓࡵ࡟

400 W࡜1 kWࡢ2ࡘࡢ࣮ࣞࢨࢆᦚ㍕ࡋࡓ⿦⨨ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ

࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ⿦⨨࡟ẚ࡭࡚᱁ẁࡢ㐀ᙧ≀ࡢ㧗⢭

ᗘ໬㸪㐀ᙧ㏿ᗘࡢ㧗㏿໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ᅗ3

࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟⿦⨨ࡢከᵝ໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍⯡ⓗ࡟

ࡣ㸪ᅗ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㐀ᙧࢧ࢖ࢬڧ250 mmࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛ࡣ

࠶ࡿࡀ㸪౛࠼ࡤ㸪ṑ⛉⏝ᮦᩱࡸᐆ㣭ရࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑠ≀ࡢ〇 స࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ྛ♫࠿ࡽᑠᆺ⿦⨨ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟

ᑐࡋ࡚㸪኱ᆺ⿦⨨࡛ࡣ㸪Concept Laser♫ࡀFraunhofer

◊✲ᡤ࠾ࡼࡧDimler♫࡜ඹྠ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ኱ᆺ⮬ື㌴ヨస ရ⏝⿦⨨ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࡞࠾㸪᭱㏆ࡢ⿦⨨ࡢᶆ‽ⓗ

࡞௙ᵝࡣ㸪ḟࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

࣭࣮ࣞࢨ㸦ࣇ࢓࢖ࣂ࣮࣮ࣞࢨ:200㹼400 W㸧 ࣭㐀ᙧ㏿ᗘ㸦㹼20 cm³/h㸧

࣭㐀ᙧ⢭ᗘ㸦㹼50μm㸧

࣭㐀ᙧࢧ࢖ࢬ㸦250250300 mm⛬ᗘ㸧

⾲2. ௦⾲ⓗ࡞㔠ᒓ⢊ᮎ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧ⿦⨨ࡢ௙ᵝ

㸦ྛ♫࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ^(7)-(10)ࡼࡾ㸧

䝯䞊䜹㻱㻻㻿㻿㻸㻹㻯㼛㼚㼏㼑㼜㼠㻌㻸㼍㼟㼑㼞㻭㼞㼏㼍㼙

⿦⨨ 㻹㻞㻤㻜㻿㻸㻹㻞㻤㻜㻴㻸㻹㻞㻽㻝㻜

ග※ 䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊䝺䞊䝄䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊䝺䞊䝄䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊䝺䞊䝄㟁Ꮚ䝡䞊䝮

ฟຊ㻔㼃㻕㻞㻜㻜䜎䛯䛿㻠㻜㻜㻠㻜㻜㻛㻝㻜㻜㻜㻞㻜㻜䜎䛯䛿㻠㻜㻜㻟㻜㻜㻜

䝡䞊䝮ᚄ㻔䃛㼙㻕㻝㻜㻜䡚㻣㻜䡚㻝㻞㻜㻡㻜䡚㻞㻜㻜㻝㻜㻜

㉮ᰝ㏿ᗘ㻔㼙㻛㼟㻕䡚㻣䡚㻝㻡䡚㻣䠉

✚ᒙ䝢䝑䝏㻔䃛㼙㻕㻞㻜㻞㻜䡚㻣㻡㻞㻜䡚㻤㻜䠉

✚ᒙ㏿ᗘ㻔㼏㼙^㻟㻛㼔㻕㻞㻜㻞㻜䡚㻟㻡㻞䡚㻞㻜䠉

㐀ᙧ䝃䜲䝈㻔㼙㼙㻕㻞㻡㻜㼤㻞㻡㻜㼤㻟㻞㻡㻞㻤㻜㼤㻞㻤㻜㼤㻟㻡㻜㻞㻡㻜㼤㻞㻡㻜㼤㻞㻤㻜㻞㻜㻜㼤㻞㻡㻜㼤㻝㻤㻜

ᅗ3. ⌧ᅾ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୺࡞⿦⨨ࡢศ㢮

㸦ྛ♫࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ^(7)-(11)ࡼࡾ㸧

㔠ᒓ〇ရ࡟ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿᮦ✀࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡣࢫࢸࣥࣞ

ࢫ㗰㸪㖡ྜ㔠ࡀ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪᭱㏆࡛ࡣ㔠ᆺ⏝࣐࢚ࣝ

࣮ࢪࣥࢢ㗰㸪ᕤල㗰㸪⏕యᮦᩱ⏝ࢥࣂࣝࢺࢡ࣒ࣟྜ㔠㸪 ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ⯟✵Ᏹᐂ⏝࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⪏⇕࣭⪏㣗⏝

࢖ࣥࢥࢿࣝྜ㔠㸪ࢳࢱࣥྜ㔠㸪࢔࣑ࣝࢽ࣒࢘ྜ㔠࡞࡝ࡀ

࠶ࡾ㸪⾲3࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ᶵᲔⓗᛶ㉁ࡶ⁐〇ᮦ࡟༉ᩛࡍࡿ

≉ᛶࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪〇ရࡢ⢭

ᗘࡸ⾲㠃⢒ࡉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪᭱㏆ࡢ⿦⨨࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ኱ᖜ࡞

ྥୖࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬⌧ᅾࡢ⿦⨨࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

⢭ᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪50㹼100μm⛬ᗘ㸪⾲㠃⢒ࡉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪

ᮦ✀࡟ࡼࡾ␗࡞ࡿࡀ㸪Ra40μm⛬ᗘ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᑗ᮶

ⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ⿦⨨ࡢ㧗ᶵ⬟໬ࡸ⢊ᮎ〇㐀ᢏ⾡ࡢྥୖ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪 ᪂ࡓ࡞ᶵ⬟ᮦᩱ㸪ࢭ࣑ࣛࢵࢡࢫ㸪ഴᩳᮦᩱ➼࡬ࡢᒎ㛤ࡶ

⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬

⾲3. ୺࡞ᮦᩱࡢᶵᲔⓗᛶ㉁㸦SLM Solutions♫࣮࣒࣍

࣮࣌ࢪ⁽⁸⁾ࡼࡾᢤ⢋㸧

〇ရ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢱ࣮ࣅࣥࣈ࣮ࣞࢻࡸᄇᑕࣀࢬࣝ࡞࡝ࡢ⯟✵

Ᏹᐂ㒊ရࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ື㌴㒊ရ㸪࢖ࣥࣉࣛࣥࢺ㸪

࢖ࣥࢸࣜ࢔࡞࡝ᖜᗈ࠸ศ㔝࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬GE࡛ࡣ

(4)

⯟✵ᶵ࢚ࣥࢪࣥࡢ୺せ㒊ရࢆᮏᢏ⾡࡟ࡼࡾ〇㐀ࡍࡿ࡜Ⓨ

⾲ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⯟✵Ᏹᐂศ㔝࡬ࡢᬑཬࡣຍ㏿ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡜

ண ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࢱ࣮ࣅࣥࣈ࣮ࣞࢻࡸᄇᑕࣀࢬࣝ࡞࡝ࡢᮦ㉁

࡟ࡣ㸪Ti6Al4Vྜ㔠㸪TiAlࡸIN718࡞࡝ࡀ฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸

ࡿ㸬ࣄࣥࢪࡸ࢝ࣂ࣮㢮࡟ࡣ㸪Al12Si⣔ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪

᭱㏆࡛ࡣ⾲㠃࡟ࢸࢡࢫࢳࣕࢆ᪋ࡍ࡞࡝㸪≉Ṧ࡞ຍᕤࡶ⾜

ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ࡲࡓ㸪་⒪⏝ᮦᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᅗ4࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ேᕤ⫤

㛵⠇㸪ேᕤ⭸㛵⠇࡞࡝ࡢ⏕య⏝࢖ࣥࣉࣛࣥࢺࡸṑ⛉⏝ࣈ

ࣜࢵࢪ࣭ࢡࣛ࢘ࣥ࡞࡝࡬ࡢ㐺⏝ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬་⒪ศ 㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪CTࡸMRIࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙ

ࣥࢯࣇࢺ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾᙧ≧ࡢ᭱㐺໬ࢆᅗࡾ㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡟࢝ࢫ ࢱ࣒࢖ࣥࣉࣛࣥࢺࢆస〇ࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ

࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ᅗ4. ࢖ࣥࣉࣛࣥࢺࡢ౛㸦ࢼ࢝ࢩ࣐࣓ࢹ࢕࢝ࣝ㸦ᰴ㸧 ࡢዲព࡟ࡼࡿ㸧

(a) ᑕฟᡂᙧᆺ

(b) ෭༷Ỉ⟶ࢆ㓄⨨ࡋࡓ㔠ᆺ

ᅗ5. ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧ㔠ᆺࡢ౛㸦㸦ᰴ㸧ᯇᾆᶵᲔ〇సᡤࡢዲព࡟

ࡼࡿ㸧

ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᯇᾆᶵᲔ〇సᡤࡢࡼ࠺࡟ษ๐ᶵ⬟ࡶ᭷ࡍࡿ⿦

⨨ࡣ㸪ᅗ5࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ᑕฟᡂᆺ⏝㔠ᆺ࡞࡝ࡢ㔠ᆺ〇స

࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㔠ᆺෆ࡟᭱㐺࡞෭༷Ỉ⟶ࢆ㓄⨨࡛ࡁ

ࡿ࡞࡝ᚑ᮶࡟࡞࠸㔠ᆺࡢ〇స࡟ጾຊࢆⓎ᥹ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

⢊ᮎ✚ᒙ⁐⼥ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㟁Ꮚࣅ࣮࣒ࢆග※࡜ࡋࡓ

✚ᒙ㐀ᙧἲࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏἲ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠿࡞ࡾࡢ㧗 ࡛ண ഛຍ⇕ࢆ⾜࠸࡞ࡀࡽ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ㸪⤌⧊ࡀ୍᪉ྥ

ᛶࢆక࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ᪉ྥᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ✚ᒙ㐀 ᙧࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬㟁Ꮚࣅ࣮࣒✚ᒙ㐀ᙧ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ᐇ⏝ᶵ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ၏୍ARCAM♫ࡢ⿦⨨ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࢳࢱࣥ⣔

ྜ㔠ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ࢖ࣥࣉࣛࣥࢺ㸪⯟✵Ᏹᐂ㒊ရ➼ࡢ〇㐀

࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 (2)⢊ᮎ⁐⼥ሁ✚ἲ

ᮏἲ࡟ࡣ㸪Sandiaᅜ❧◊✲ᡤࡀ㛤ⓎࡉࢀࡓLENS^®ἲ㸪 Fraunhofer◊✲࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ࣮ࣞࢨ㔠ᒓሁ✚㸦LMD㸸 Laser Metal Deposition㸧ἲ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪㔠ᒓ⢊ᮎࢆᄇ ᑕࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ࣮ࣞࢨࣅ࣮࣒ࢆ↷ᑕࡋ࡚⁐⼥㔠ᒓࢆሁ✚ࡋ࡚

✚ᒙ㐀ᙧࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏἲ࡛ࡣ㸪⾲㠃⢒ࡉࡣຎࡿࡶ

ࡢࡢ㸪ከⰍ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࢔ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺẚࡢ኱ࡁ

࠸࡞࡝〇ရࡢ〇㐀ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪┿ᐦᗘࡢ」㞧ᙧ

≧ရࡢస〇ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪࢔࣑ࣝࢽ࣒࢘ྜ㔠㸪ࢫ ࢸࣥࣞࢫ㗰㸪ᕤල㗰㸪ࢳࢱࣥྜ㔠࡞࡝ࡢᮦ✀࡟ࡶᑐᛂ࡛

ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬〇ရ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࣈ࣮ࣞࢻ㸪ࣁ

࢘ࢪࣥࢢ㸪㔠ᆺ࡞࡝ࡀOptmec♫ࡢ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ⁽¹²⁾࡟ᣲ ࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᖜᗈ࠸ศ㔝ࡢ〇ရࡢ〇㐀ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚

ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

2013ᖺ12᭶࡟㛤ദࡉࢀࡓEuroMold2013࡛ࡣ㸪᪂ࡓ

࡟DMG MORI♫ࡀ㸪࣮ࣞࢨ࣭ࢹ࣏ࢪࢩ࣭࢙ࣙࣥ࢘ࣝࢹ

࢕ࣥࢢ࡜ྡ௜ࡅࡓ✚ᒙ㐀ᙧἲ࡜5㍈ไᚚษ๐ࢆ⤌ྜࡏࡓ

」ྜᶵࢆ௒ᅇࡣࡌࡵ࡚ᒎ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬〇ἲ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚ᙧ≧

ࡣไ㝈ࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞ຍᕤἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿ㸬

㸬◊✲㛤Ⓨືྥ

㔠ᒓ3Dࣉࣜࣥࢱࡢ⌧≧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪3Dࣉ

ࣜࣥࢱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪〇ရࡢ㧗⢭ᗘ໬㸪㐀ᙧࡢ㧗㏿໬㸪ࡉ

ࡽ࡟ࡣ኱ᆺ໬࡞࡝ࡲࡔㄢ㢟ࡣከࡃ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᑡࡋ グ㏙ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ㸬

⢊ᮎ✚ᒙ⁐⼥ἲ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࣓ࣝࢺࣉ࣮ࣝࡢ⁐⼥จᅛ

≧ἣ㸪ࣃ࢘ࢲ࣮࣋ࢵࢻࡢ ᗘศᕸ࡞࡝ࡀ〇ရࡢ⢭ᗘࡸ≉

ᛶ࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ࣭

ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡไᚚᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡸࡇࢀࡽࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ฼⏝

ࡋࡓࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡶ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸

ࡿ⁽¹⁴⁾㸬

⢊ᮎ⁐⼥ሁ✚ἲ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ࣭ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻ

ࣂࢵࢡไᚚࡸࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡀ

(5)

(1) ிᴟ⚽ᶞ㸪㏆␥኱Ꮫḟୡ௦ᇶ┙ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤሗ࿌, 1, (2010), pp.69-76

(2) ᪂㔝ಇᶞ㸪ᆺᢏ⾡㸪25,(2010), pp.18-22

(3) ிᴟ⚽ᶞ㸪ᆺᢏ⾡㸪25,(2010), pp.23-27 (4) D.L. Bourell, et al., Roadmap for Additive

Manufacturing –Identifying the Future of Freefrom Processing㸫, (2009)

(6) J. J. Beaman,et al.Solid Freeform Fabrication : A New Direction in Manufacturing, Kluwer Academic Publishers (1997), p.47

(14) B. Pal et al., An Integrated Approach to Cyber-Enabled Additive Manufacturing Using Physics Based, Coupled Multi-scale Process Modeling, Proceedings of SFF Symposium 2013, Austin, (2013), 1-18

(15) J. Beuth et al., Process Mapping for Qualification across Multiple Direct Metal Additive

Manufacturing Processes, Proceedings of SFF Symposium 2013, Austin, (2013), 655-665 (16) Wholers report 2013, (Wholers Associates,

2013)

⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⁽¹⁵⁾㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㐀ᙧ≀⤌⧊ࡢከⰍ໬ࡸഴᩳᵓ㐀

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㸬ࡲ࡜ࡵ

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෇௨ୖ࡜ヨ⟬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪Wholers ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ⁽¹⁶⁾

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ࡿ㸬

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ㅰ㎡

ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪㸦ᰴ㸧࣍࣡࢖ࢺ࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺ㸪ࢼ࢝ࢩ࣐࣓ࢹ࢕

࢝ࣝ㸦ᰴ㸧࡞ࡽࡧ࡟㸦ᰴ㸧ᯇᾆᶵᲔ〇సᡤ࡟㈗㔜࡞〇ရ ࡢ෗┿ࡢᥦ౪ࢆ㡬࠸ࡓ㸬ࡇࡇ࡟㸪῝ㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡍࡿ㸬

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩

(5) ୸㇂ὒ஧࡯࠿㸪✚ᒙ㐀ᙧᢏ⾡㈨ᩱ㞟㸪㸦࢜ࣉࢺ

ࣟࢽࢡࢫ♫㸪2002㸧㸪pp.2-7

(7) http://www.eos.info/systems_solutions/metal/

systems_equipment/eosint_m280㸦2013.12.20⌧ ᅾ㸧

(8) http://stage.slm-solutions.com/index.php? slm- 500_en㸦2013.12.20⌧ᅾ㸧

(9) http://www.concept-laser.de/en/industry/auto motive/machines.html㸦2013.12.20⌧ᅾ㸧 (10) http://www.arcam.com/technology/products/ar

cam-q10/㸦2014.03.08⌧ᅾ㸧

(11) http://www.matsuura.co.jp/japan/contents/pro ducts/lumex.html㸦2013.12.20⌧ᅾ㸧

(12) http://www.optomec.com/Additive-Manufactur ing-Technology/Laser-Additive-Manufacturi ng㸦2014.03.08⌧ᅾ㸧

(13) ⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬㸪᪂ࡶࡢ࡙ࡃࡾ◊✲఍ሗ࿌᭩㸦ᖹᡂ 26ᖺ2᭶㸧