<82AD82E082CC82A282C C8E8696DA8E9F957482AB2E706466>

(1)

┿ṇࢡࣔ㢮㸦ࢡࣔ⥘㸸ࢡࣔ┠㸧ࡢᛶࣇ࢙ࣟࣔࣥ㸪࢝࢖ࣟ

ࣔࣥ㸪໬Ꮫᨃែ࠾ࡼࡧᢠ⳦࣌ࣉࢳࢻ

㔝ཱྀ኱௓

Sex pheromones, kairomones, chemical mimicry and antimicrobial peptides of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae)

Daisuke Noguchi

The present review focuses on the chemoecology of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). All cases of spider sex pheromones, kairomones, defensive and offensive chemical mimicries, and antimicrobial peptides reported previously in literature are described herein. Although ca. 49 thousand spider species are recognized globally, only 11 spider sex pheromones (contact or airborne) have only been identified from seven species. In addition, almost all the sex pheromones are released by females to attract males, while only one sex pheromone is released by males to appease females. To date, 17 spider species have been reported to have kairomones, which facilitate the searching and evaluation of prey. Chemical mimicry, which facilitates camouflage and protects against parasites in ant colonies, has also been observed among myrmecophile spiders. Additionally, aggressive chemical mimicry has been reported in bolas spiders, which attract moths using kairomones that mimic the sex pheromones of the targets. Four types of antimicrobial peptides that protect spiders from microorganisms have also been reported. Although some researchers have demonstrated the antimicrobial activities of spider web threads, the compounds responsible for the antimicrobial activity remain unclear. The chemoecology of spiders remains poorly understood considering their diversity; therefore, further studies are required in the future.

1. ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡟

┿ ṇ ࢡ ࣔ 㢮㸦 ࢡ ࣔ ⥘ Arachnida ࢡ ࣔ ┠ Araneae㸸 spiders㸹 ௨ ୗ ࢡ ࣔ ࡜ ␎ ࡍ 㸧 ࡣ 㸪2020 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 5 ᪥ ⌧ ᅾ 㸪ୡ ⏺ ࡛ 128 ⛉ 4,187 ᒓ 48,885 ✀ ࡀ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸦World Spider Catalog 2020㸧㸪᪥ ᮏ ࠿ ࡽ グ㘓 ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡣ 㸪2018 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 31 ᪥ ᫬ Ⅼ ࡛ 61 ⛉ 471 ᒓ 1,659 ✀ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ㸦 ᑠ 㔝 ࣭ ⥴ ᪉ 2018㸧㸬ࢡ ࣔ ࡣ 㸪1㸧ࢡ ࣔ ᜍ ᛧ ⑕ 㸪2㸧᭷ ẘ ⏕ ≀ 㸪3㸧ឤ ᰁ ⑕ ፹ ௓ ᪻ ⹸ ࡢ ኳ ᩛ 㸪࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ど Ⅼ ࠿ ࡽ ◊ ✲ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㔜せ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࢡ ࣔ ᜍ ᛧ ⑕ ࡣ ື ≀ ᜍ ᛧ ⑕ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ ᭱ ࡶ 㢖 ⦾ ࡟ ㄆ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ

(2)

㸦Jacobi et al. 2004㸧㸪 ᜍ ᛧ 㸪 ᎘ ᝏ 㸪 ༴ 㝤 ࢆ ᙉ ࡃ ឤ ࡌ ࡿ ⪅ ࡀ ከ ࠸ 㸦 Gerdes et al. 2009㸧㸬 ࢡ ࣔ ࡣ ࡇ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ ୙ ᛌ ࡞ ഃ 㠃 ࡔ ࡅ ࡛ ࡞ ࡃ 㸪 ୍ 㒊 ࡟ ࡣ ẘ ࡛ ே య ࡟ ┤ ᥋ ⓗ ࡞ ᐖ ࢆ ཬ ࡰ ࡋ 㸪 ౛ ࠼ ࡤ ࢭ ࢔ ࢝ ࢦ ࢣ ࢢ ࣔ Latrodectus hasseltii Thorell ࡸ ࢝ ࣂ ࢟ ࢥ ࣐ ࢳ ࢢ ࣔ Cheiracanthium japonicum Bösenberg & Strand ࡢ ่ ည ⑕ ࡣ 㔜 ⑕ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ㸦 ኱ ฼ 1975㸧㸬୍ ᪉ ࡛ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡣ ㎰ ᴗ ᐖ ⹸ ࢆ ᤕ 㣗 ࡍ ࡿ ኳ ᩛ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ⏕ ែ ⣔ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㔜せ ࡞ ᙺ ๭ ࢆ ᯝ ࡓ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Marc and Canard 1997; Michalko et al. 2019㸧㸬 ⇕ ᖏ 㹼 ᖏ ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ ౵ ධ ✀ ࢭ ࢔ ࢝ ࢦ ࢣ ࢢ ࣔ ࡀ ᅜ ෆ ࡛ ☜ ㄆ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡜ ࢡ ࣔ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ே ࠎ ࡢ 㛵 ᚰ ࡀ 㧗 ࡲ ࡾ 㸪ಖ ೺ ᡤ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ྠ ᐃ ᳨ ᰝ ᩘ ࡣ ᛴ ቑ ࡋ ࡓ㸦 ୰ ᔱ 2007㸧㸬ᖾ ࠸ ࡞ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ 㸪⌧ ᅾ ࡲ ࡛ ࡟ ᅜ ෆ ࡛ ᮏ ✀ ࢆ ྵ ࡴ ࢦ ࢣ ࢢ ࣔ ᒓ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ည യ ஦ ౛ ࡛ ኱ ࡁ ࡞ ⿕ ᐖ ࡣ ฟ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ 㸪ࡑ ࡢ ௳ ᩘ ࡣ ቑ ຍ ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪 ᝏ ᮲ ௳ ࡀ 㔜 ࡞ ࡿ ࡜ ⿕ ่ ည ⑕ ⪅ ࡀ ῝ ้ ࡞ ஦ ែ ࡟ 㝗 ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ᣦ ᦬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 Ύ Ỉ ࡽ 2014㸧㸬ࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࢡ ࣔ ࡜ ࠸ ࠼ ࡤ ᭷ ẘ ࡜ ࡢ ࢖ ࣓ ࣮ ࢪ ࡀ ὀ ┠ ࡉ ࢀ ࡀ ࡕ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪ẘ ࡛ ࣄ ࢺ ࡟ ༴ ᐖ ࢆ ຍ ࠼ ࡿ ࢡ ࣔ ࡣ ୡ ⏺ ୰ ࡛ 100 ✀ ࡼ ࡾ ᑡ ࡞ ࠸ ࡜ ぢ ✚ ࡶ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ㸦Kuhn-Nentwig et al. 2011㸧㸬ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ ࣄ ࢺ ࡟ ࡜ ࡗ ࡚ ẘ ᛶ ࡢ ࠶ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ௨ እ ࡢ ✀ ࡀ ◊ ✲ ࡉ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ ࡜ ࡍ ࢀ ࡤ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ඲ య ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ῝ ࠸ ⌮ ゎ ࢆ ࡶ ࡓ ࡽ ࡍ ◊ ✲ ࢆ Ⓨ ᒎ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ᅔ 㞴 ࡛ ࠶ ࢁ ࠺ 㸬 ࡑ ࡢ Ⅼ ࡛ 㸪 ⏕ ά ྐ ࡢ ᵝ ࠎ ࡞ ࢫ ࢸ ࣮ ࢪ ࡟ ฼ ⏝ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࢆ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ᇶ ♏ ◊ ✲ ࡣ 㸪㜵㝖 ➼ ࡢ ᛂ ⏝ ศ 㔝 ࡛ ࡢ Ⓨ ᒎ ࡶ ᮇ ᚅ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬౛ ࠼ ࡤ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡜ ྠ ࡌ ࡃ ࢡ ࣔ ⥘ ࡟ ᒓ ࡍ ࡿ ࢲ ࢽ ள ⥘㸦Apulmonata㸹௨ ୗ ࢲ ࢽ ࡜ ␎ ࡍ 㸧࡛ ࡣ ࠊ㛗 ᖺ ࡟ ࢃ ࡓ ࡗ ࡚ ከ ࡃ ࡢ ໬ Ꮫ ⏕ ែ Ꮫ ⓗ ◊ ✲ ࡀ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ 㸬ࡑ ࢀ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪ࢲ ࢽ ࡢ 㞟 ྜ 㸪⦾ Ṫ 㸪ኳ ᩛ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ 㜵 ᚚ 㸪ᐟ ୺ ㄆ ㆑ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ 㔜せ ᛶ ࡀ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪ࡑ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ▱ ぢ ࡣ ࢲ ࢽ 㜵㝖 ἲ ࡢ 㠉 ᪂ ⓗ ࡞ ᪂ ᢏ ⾡ ࡢ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡟ ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ㸦 ౛ ࠼ ࡤ ᑠ ᕝ ࡽ 1992; Sonenshine 1985, 2004㸧㸬ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ⦾ Ṫ ࡸ ᥇ 㣵⾜ ື ࡞ ࡝ ࢆ ほ ᐹ ࡋ ࡘ ࡘ 㸪ࡑ ࢀ ࡽ ࢆ ไ ᚚ ࡍ ࡿ ᇶ ┙ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࡟ ὀ ┠ ࡋ ࡓ ◊ ✲ ࡢ Ṕ ྐ ࡣ ὸ ࡃ 㸪 ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ࢆ ᢅ ࡗ ࡓ ⥲ ㄝ ࡀ ึ ࡵ ࡚ ฟ ∧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡢ ࡣ 21 ୡ ⣖ ࡟ ධ ࡗ ࡚ ࠿ ࡽ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸦Schulz 2004㸧㸬 ↓ Ẽ 㛛 ள ┠ 㸦 Astigmata㸹 ⌧ ᅾ ࡣ ࢥ ࢼ ࢲ ࢽ ᅋ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸧㸦 Ᏻ ಸ ࡽ 2009㸧 ࡢ ࢲ ࢽ 10 ⛉ 61 ✀ ࠿ ࡽ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 88 ✀ 㢮 ࡢ ໬ ྜ ≀ ࡀ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ㸦Kuwahara 2004㸧㸪ྠ ࡌ ࡃ ↓ Ẽ 㛛 ள ┠ ࡢ ࢲ ࢽ 64 ✀ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪㤶 ࡾ ໬ ྜ ≀ 90 ✀ 㢮 ࡢ ໬ Ꮫ ᵓ 㐀 ࡀ Ỵ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 ᱓ ཎ 2011㸧㸬 ୍ ᪉ 㸪 ࢡ ࣔ ࡛ ࡣ ࢃ ࡎ ࠿ 7 ✀ ࠿ ࡽ 11 ✀ 㢮 ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡀ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡟ ࡜ ࡝ ࡲ ࡿ ࡞ ࡝㸦Fischer 2019㸧㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ໬ Ꮫ ⏕ ែ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ࡣ ࢲ ࢽ ࡟ ẚ ࡭ 㐜 ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ 㸪ᮏ 㑥 ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ⥲ ㄝ ࡣ 㸪⟶ ぢ ࡢ 㝈 ࡾ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡋ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࢆ ㋃ ࡲ ࠼ 㸪ᮏ ✏ ࡛ ࡣ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ໬ Ꮫ ⏕ ែ Ꮫ ⓗ ࡞ ど Ⅼ ࡟ ❧ ࡗ ࡓ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ⌧ ≧ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࡑ ࡢ ᑗ ᮶ ⓗ ࡞ ព ⩏ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ᴫ ㄝ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬くものいと, No. 54 (March 2021)

(3)

2. ໬ Ꮫ ⏕ ែ Ꮫ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ 2-1. ໬ Ꮫ ⏕ ែ Ꮫ ࡜ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁㸦 ࢭ ࣑ ࢜ ࢣ ࣑ ࢝ ࣝ 㸸 semiochemical㸧 ࡢ ศ 㢮 ⏕ ≀ 㛫 ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ⏕ ≀ ࡜ ⎔ ቃ ࡜ ࡢ ┦ ஫ స ⏝ ࢆ ໬ Ꮫ ⓗ ࡟ ゎ ᫂ ࡍ ࡿ ࡢ ࡀࠕ ໬ Ꮫ ⏕ ែ Ꮫ ࠖ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ Ꮫ ၥ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ㸦㕥 ᮌ ࡽ 1973㸧㸬໬ Ꮫ ⏕ ែ Ꮫ ࡣ ⏕ ≀ ࡜ ࡾ ࢃ ࡅ ᪻ ⹸ ࢆ ᑐ ㇟ ࡟ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪⏕ ≀ ࡝ ࠺ ࡋ ࡢ ┦ ஫ స ⏝ ࡟ 㛵 ࢃ ࡿ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࢆ ㏻ ࡌ ࡚ ⏕ ≀ ࡢ ⏕ ែ ࢆ ゎ ᫂ ࡍ ࡿ ࡢ ࡟ 㔜せ ࡞ ᙺ ๭ ࢆ ᢸ ࡗ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ 㸬᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࡣ ࢭ ࣑ ࢜ ࢣ ࣑ ࢝ ࣝ ࡜ ࡶ ࡼ ࡤ ࢀ 㸪1 ࡘ ࡢ ⏕ ≀ ಶ య ࡀ య እ ࡟ ᤼ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡸ ẘ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ஧ ḟ ௦ ㅰ ⏘ ≀ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ 㸪⏕ ≀ 㛫 ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ⏕ ≀ ࡜ ⎔ ቃ ࡜ ࡢ ᝟ ሗ ࡢ ࡸ ࡾ ྲྀ ࡾ ࡟ ౑ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࢆ ᣦ ࡍ 㸬᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࡣ 㸪ࡑ ࢀ ࡀ స ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ᑐ ㇟ ࡀ ྠ ✀ ࠿ ␗ ✀ ࠿ 㸪฼ ┈ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡿ ᪉ ࡀ Ⓨ ಙ ⪅ ࠿ ཷ ಙ ⪅ ࠿ ࡢ ぢ ᆅ ࠿ ࡽ ศ 㢮 ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ 㸪ྠ ✀ 㛫 ࡛ స ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࡀ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ㸦pheromone㸧㸪␗ ✀ 㛫 ࡛ స ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡀ ௚ ឤ ≀ ㉁㸦 ࢔ ࣞ ࣟ ࢣ ࣑ ࢝ ࣝ 㸸allelochemical㸧㸪 ࡑ ࡋ ࡚ ࢔ ࣞ ࣟ ࢣ ࣑ ࢝ ࣝ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ Ⓨ ಙ ⪅ ࡟ ┈ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࢆ ࢔ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ 㸦allomone㸧㸪 ཷ ಙ ⪅ ࡟ ┈ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࢆ ࢝ ࢖ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ 㸦kairomone㸧࡜ ⛠ ࡍ ࡿ㸦 ౛ ࠼ ࡤ 㧗 ᶫ 1983; ྂ ๓ ࡽ 1996㸧㸬࡞ ࠾ 㸪࢔ ࣉ ࢽ ࣗ ࣔ ࣥ 㸦apneumone㸹㠀 ⏕ ≀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠸ ࡣ Ṛ ஸ ⏕ ≀ ⏤ ᮶ 㸪 ཷ ಙ ⪅ ࡟ ┈ 㸧 ࡣ ㄆ ▱ ᗘ ࡸ ౑ ⏝ 㢖 ᗘ ࡀ ࡁ ࢃ ࡵ ࡚ ప ࠸ ࡶ ࡢ ࡢ 㸪㏻ ᖖ ࢔ ࣉ ࢽ ࣗ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࣉ ࢺ ࣞ ࢩ ࣥ 㸦putrescine㸧 ࡀ ࢥ ࢞ ࢿ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ୍ ✀ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ Argiope keyserlingi Karsch ࡢ ⥙ ࡟ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ ࢔ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ♧ ၀ ࡋ ࡓ ሗ ࿌ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸦Henneken et al. 2017㸧㸬 2-2㸬 ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ᮏ ✏ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡀ ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ࢔ ࣞ ࣟ ࢣ ࣑ ࢝ ࣝ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ୺ ࡟ ᾏ እ ࡢ 㔜せ ࡞ ◊ ✲ ࢆ ⤂ ௓ ࡋ ࡘ ࡘ ᴫ ㄝ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ⏕ ≀ ඲ య ࡛ ࡣ 㸪⌧ ᅾ ࡢ ࡜ ࡇ ࢁ 㸪࠾ ࡼ ࡑ 3,500 ✀ 㢮 ࡢ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡟ ⮳ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ 㸪ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡟ ໬ Ꮫ ᵓ 㐀 ࡀ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࡣ 㸪ࢃ ࡎ ࠿ 20 ✀ 㢮 ࡯ ࡝ ࡛ ࡋ ࠿ ࡞ ࠸㸦 El-Sayed 2020㸧㸬ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࢆ ᴫ ㄝ ࡋ ࡓ ⥲ ㄝ ࡣ ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡟ 8 ሗ ࠶ ࡿ 㸦 Schulz 2004; Gaskett 2007; Olsen et al. 2011; Schulz 2013; Trabalon 2013; Uhl 2013; Scott et al. 2018; Fischer 2019㸧㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ⥲ ㄝ ࠿ ࡽ ࡣ 㸪◊ ✲ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ✀ ᩘ ࡇ ࡑ ᑡ ࡞ ࠸ ࡶ ࡢ ࡢ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡣ ᪻ ⹸ ࡜ ྠ ᵝ ࡟ 㸪᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࢆ ฼ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ⏕ ≀ ࡔ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ⌮ ゎ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡟ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ໬ ྜ ≀ ࡢ ྡ ⛠ 㸪ᨺ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ✀ 㢮㸪ㄏ㉳ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㞝㸦 ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ 㞤㸧ࡢ ⾜ ື 㸪ఏ ᦙ ࣔ ࣮ ࢻ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ฟ ඾ ࢆ ࡲ ࡜ ࡵ ࡓ㸦⾲ 1㸧㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࡟ ຍ ࠼ ࡚ 㸪ᮏ ✏ ࡛ ࡣ ໬ Ꮫ ⏕ ែ Ꮫ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ㏻ ᖖ 㸪᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ࠶ ࡲ ࡾ ㄆ ㆑ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ ᢠ ⳦ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪ࡑ ࡢ 㔜せ ᛶ ࡟ 㚷 ࡳ ࡚ ྲྀ ࡾ ୖ ࡆ ࡓ ࠸ 㸬 2-3. ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ 㓄 അ ⾜ ື ࡟ 㛵 ಀ ࡍ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡀ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ㸦sex pheromone㸧

(4)

࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡢ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡣ ྂ ௦ ࢠ ࣜ ࢩ ࣕ ᫬ ௦ ࠿ ࡽ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸦Wyatt 2009㸧㸪㏆ ୡ ࡛ ࡣ ࣇ ࢓ ࣮ ࣈ ࣝ ᪻ ⹸ グ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢡ ࢪ ࣕ ࢡ ࣖ ࣐ ࣐ ࣘ Saturnia spp. ࡞ ࡝ ࡛ ࡶ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Fabre 1913㸧㸬 ࢡ ࢪ ࣕ ࢡ ࣖ ࣐ ࣐ ࣘ ࡸ ࢝ ࢖ ࢥ ࢞ Bombyx mori (Linnaeus) ࢆ ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ࢞㸦 ᪻ ⹸ ⥘ ࢳ ࣙ ࢘ ┠ ࡟ ศ 㢮 ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ᪻ ⹸ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ 㸪 ࢳ ࣙ ࢘ 㸪ල య ⓗ ࡟ ࡣ ࢔ ࢤ ࣁ ࢳ ࣙ ࢘ ୖ ⛉ 㸪ࢭ ࢭ ࣜ ࢳ ࣙ ࢘ ୖ ⛉ 㸪ࢩ ࣕ ࢡ ࢞ ࣔ ࢻ ࢟ ୖ ⛉ ࢆ 㝖 ࠸ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ 㸧ࡢ ከ ࡃ ࡣ 㸪㞤 ᡂ ⹸ ࡀ ⭡ ➃ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ⭢ ࠿ ࡽ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ≀ ㉁ ࢆ ศ Ἢ ࡋ 㸪஺ ᑿ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ 㞝 ᡂ ⹸ ࢆ ㄏ ᘬ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬Butenandt et al.㸦 1951; 1961a, b㸧 ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࢝ ࢖ ࢥ ࢞ ࠿ ࡽ ༢ 㞳 ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࣎ ࣥ ࣅ ࢥ ࣮ ࣝ 㸦 bombykol㸧 ࡀ 㸪 ᭱ ึ ࡟ ศ Ꮚ ᵓ 㐀 ࡀ Ỵ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪 ྜ ࢃ ࡏ ࡚ ᶵ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ☜ ㄆ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸦㸻 ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸧 ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬ࡑ ࡢ ᚋ ࡢ ◊ ✲ ࡢ 㐍 ᒎ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪࢞ ࡛ ࡣ 500 ✀ ௨ ୖ ࠿ ࡽ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ᡂ ศ ࡀ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Ando and Yamamoto 2020㸧㸬

ࡲ ࡓ 㸪ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡟ ࡣ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ௨ እ ࡟ ࡶ ᵝ ࠎ ࡞ ࡶ ࡢ ࡀ 㸪ࣁ ࢳ ┠࣭࢔ ࣜ ୖ ⛉࣭࢔ ࣜ ⛉ ࡟ ᒓ ࡍ ࡿ ᪻ ⹸ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࢔ ࣜ ࡞ ࡝ ࡛ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ㸦 ຾ ཪ࣭ᑿ ᓮ 2007㸧㸬 ౛ ࠼ ࡤ ാ ࡁ ࢔ ࣜ ࡣ 㣵 ࢆ ぢ ࡘ ࡅ ࡚ ᕢ ࡟ 㐠 ࡪ ࡜ ࡁ ࡟ 㸪௚ ࡢ ྠ ᕢ ಶ య ࡀ ᐜ ᫆ ࡟ 㣵 ࡲ ࡛ ࡓ ࡝ ࡾ ╔ ࡅ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ 㸪ᕢ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ᖐ ࡾ 㐨 ࡟ ᥹ Ⓨ ᛶ ᭷ ᶵ ໬ ྜ ≀ ࢆ ࡘ ࡅ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ 㸪࢔ ࣜ ࡣ 㣵 ࡜ ᕢ ࡢ 㛫 ࡟ ⾜ ิ ࢆ ࡘ ࡃ ࡾ 㸪ே 㛫 ࡢ ♫ ఍ ࡜ ࡣ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ࡸ ࡾ ᪉ ࡛ ຠ ⋡ ⓗ ࡞ ᥇ 㣵 ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࡢ ࡜ ࡁ ࡟ ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ໬ ྜ ≀ ࢆ 㐨 ࡋ ࡿ ࡭ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ㸦trail pheromone㸧࡜ ࿧ ࡪ㸦 Morgan 2009㸧㸬࢞ ࡢ 㓄 അ ⾜ ື ࡸ ࢔ ࣜ ࡢ ᥇ 㣵⾜ ື ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ 㸪᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࢆ ௓ ࡋ ࡓ ⾜ ື ⏕ ែ ࢆ ே 㛫 ࡀ ࡼ ࡾ ῝ ࡃ ⌮ ゎ ࡍ ࡿ ࠺ ࠼ ࡛ 㸪 ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡟ ከ ࡃ ࡢ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ᡂ ศ ࡀ ໬ Ꮫ ⓗ ࡟ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ 㸬 3. ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ 3-1. ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࢆ ฼ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ࢡ ࣔ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡢ ᡂ ศ ࡸ ศ Ἢ ⭢ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ⌮ ゎ ࡣ ᪻ ⹸ ࡞ ࡝ ࡟ ẚ ࡭ ࡚ ᮍ ࡔ ஈ ࡋ ࡃ 㸦 ᑠ 㔝 2002; Schulz 2004㸧㸪 ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ 㓄 അ ⾜ ື ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡟ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ 㛵 ୚ ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࢡ ࣔ ࡣ ࢃ ࡎ ࠿ 7 ✀ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸦 Fischer 2019㸧㸬 ࡇ ࡢ 7 ✀ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪㞤 ࡀ ᨺ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 10 ✀ 㢮㸪㞝 ࡀ ᨺ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 1 ✀ 㢮 ࡢ ィ 11 ✀ 㢮 ࡢ ໬ ྜ ≀ ࡀ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦⾲ 1㸧㸬

ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ 㸪 ࢧ ࣛ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ Linyphia triangularis (Clerck)㸪 ࢩ ࣎ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ Cupiennius salei Keyserling㸪ࣘ ࢘ ࣞ ࢖ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ Pholcus beijingensis Zhu & Song㸪 ࢦ ࢣ ࢢ ࣔ ᒓ ࡢ ࢭ ࢔ ࢝ ࢦ ࢣ ࢢ ࣔ Latrodectus hasseltii Thorell ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࢶ ࣖ ࢡ ࣟ ࢦ ࢣ ࢢ ࣔ Latrodectus hesperus Chamberlin & Ivie ࡢ 5 ✀ ࡣ 㸪㞤 ᡂ య ࡀ ⣒ ࡟ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࢆ ሬ ᕸ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬஺ ᥋ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ 㞝 ࡣ 㸪ࡇ ࡢ ⣒ ࡜ ᥋ ゐ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ 㞤 ࡢ Ꮡ ᅾ ࢆ ㄆ ㆑ ࡋ ࡚ 㞤 ࡟ ᐃ ఩ ࡋ 㸪 ᭱ ⤊ ⓗ ࡟ ஺ ᥋ ࡟ ⮳ ࡿ 㸦Schulz and Toft 1993; Papke et al. 2000; Xiao et al. 2009; Jerhot et al. 2010; Scott et al. 2015㸧㸬 ୍ ᪉ 㸪 ࢱ ࢼ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ Agelenopsis aperta Gertsch ࡜ ࢥ ࢞ ࢿ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ࢼ ࢞ ࢥ ࢞ ࢿ ࢢ ࣔ Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli) ࡣ 㸪㞤 ᡂ య ࡀ ศ Ἢ ࡍ ࡿ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡀ ✵ Ẽ ୰ ࢆ ⁻ ࠸ 㸪㞝

(5)

ᡂ య ࡀ ࡑ ࢀ ࡟ ㄏ ᘬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸦Riechert and Singer 1995; Chinta et al. 2010㸧㸬 ຍ ࠼ ࡚ 㸪P. beijingensis ࡛ ࡣ 㸪㞤 ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ồ ឡ ࡢ ᐜ ㄆ ࢆ ಁ ࡍ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࢆ 㞝 ࡀ ศ Ἢ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ㸦Xiao et al. 2010㸧㸬ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ ᭱ ㏆ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪ࢺ ࢱ ࢸ ࢢ ࣔ ୗ ┠ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡟ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡀ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ึ ࡵ ࡚ ♧ ၀ ࡋ ࡓ ◊ ✲ ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Copperi et al. 2019㸧㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ᡂ ศ ࡣ ࠸ ࡲ ࡔ ໬ Ꮫ ⓗ ࡟ ࡣ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ ࡶ ࡢ ࡢ 㸪᪤ ሗ ࡢ ⥲ ㄝ ࡟ ࡣ ᣲ ࡆ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡽ ࡎ ௒ ᚋ ࡢ ◊ ✲ ࡛ 㔜せ ࡔ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ࠶ ࢃ ࡏ ࡚ ྲྀ ࡾ ୖ ࡆ ࡿ 㸬 3-2. ࢧ ࣛ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ 㞤㞝㛫 ࡛ ࡣ ࡓ ࡽ ࡃ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡀ ึ ࡵ ࡚ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡢ ࡣ 㸪ࢧ ࣛ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ୍ ✀ L. triangularis ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ࡓ ࡽ ࡃ ᡂ ศ ࡣ 㸪㞤 ࡢ ⥙ ࠿ ࡽ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ (R)-3-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ 㓗㓟㸦 (R)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid㸧࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ ࣈ ࢱ ࣀ ࢖ ࣝ ࢜ ࢟ ࢩ )- 㓗㓟㸦 (R)-3-((R)-3-hydroxybutanoyloxy)butanoic acid㸧 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸦 ᅗ 1a, Schulz and Toft 1993㸧㸬

ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡢ ྠ ᐃ ࡟ ⮳ ࡗ ࡓ ⫼ ᬒ ࢆ ⌮ ゎ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ࡲ ࡎ ࡣ L. triangularis ࡢ 㓄 അ ⾜ ື ࢆ ゎㄝ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬Linyphia triangularis ࡢ 㞝 ࡣ 㸪ಶ య ᐦ ᗘ ࡟ ᛂ ࡌ ࡚ 2 ✀ 㢮 ࡢ 㓄 അ ⾜ ື ࢆ ࡜ ࡿ 㸬1 ࡘ ┠ ࡣ 㸪㞤 ࡢ ࡑ ࡤ ࡟ 㞝 ࡀ ⏕ ᜥ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ሙ ྜ ࡟ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ 㸪 ள ⤊ 㱋㸦2 ᅇ ⬺ ⓶ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ᡂ య ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ ᗂ య 㸧ࡢ 㞤 ࢆ 㞝 ࡀ ᭱ ⤊ ⬺ ⓶ ࡲ ࡛ ࢞ ࣮ ࢻ ࡋ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ࡲ ࡲ ஺ ᥋ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬2 ࡘ ┠ ࡣ 㸪㞤 ࡢ ࡑ ࡤ ࡟ 㞝 ࡀ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ ሙ ྜ ࡟ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ 㸪ᡂ య ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ᮍ ஺ ᥋ 㞤 ࡢ ⥙ ࡟ 㞝 ࡀ ࡸ ࡗ ࡚ ᮶ ࡚ 㸪ά ື ⓗ ࡟ ⥙ ࡢ ࿘ ㎶ ࢆ Ṍ ࡁ ࡲ ࢃ ࡾ 㸪 ⥙ ࡢ ⦕ ࠿ ࡽ ᩘ cm ࡢ 㒊 ศ ࡟ ࢪ ࢢ ࢨ ࢢ ࡢ ࣃ ࢱ ࣮ ࣥ ࡛ ⮬ ㌟ ࡢ ⣒ ࢆ ຍ ࠼ ࡓ ࡢ ࡕ ࡟ 㸪 ⥙ ࢆ ษ ࡗ ࡚ ୸ ࡵ 㸦web reduction behavior ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ ⥙ ⦰ ᑠ ⾜ ື 㸧㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ᚋ 㸪 ஺ ᥋ ࡟ ⮳ ࡿ 㸦Schulz and Toft 1993㸧㸬

஺ ᥋ ࡟ ⮳ ࡿ ๓ ࡟ ࢃ ࡊ ࢃ ࡊ 㞝 ࡀ ᮍ ஺ ᥋ 㞤 ࡢ ⥙ ⦰ ᑠ ⾜ ື ࡟ ฟ ࡿ ⌮ ⏤ ࡣ 㸪௚ ࡢ 㞝 ࡀ ㄏ ᘬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡢ ࢆ 㜵 ࡄ ࡓ ࡵ ࡔ ࡜ ᥎ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬ࡶ ࡋ ࡶ 㞝 ࡀ ㄏ ᘬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ᚋ ࡟ 㸪ᮍ ஺ ᥋ 㞤 ࡢ ⥙ ࡀ ࡑ ࡢ ࡲ ࡲ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ 㸪⥙ ࠿ ࡽ ✵ Ẽ ୰ ࡟ ᥹ Ⓨ ࡋ ࡚ ⁻ ࠺ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ 㸪ᚋ ࠿ ࡽ ௚ ࡢ 㞝 ࡶ ㄏ ᘬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡋ ࡲ ࠺ 㸬᭱ ึ ࡟ ࡸ ࡗ ࡚ ᮶ ࡓ 㞝 ࡜ ᚋ ࠿ ࡽ ࡸ ࡗ ࡚ ᮶ ࡓ 㞝 ࡜ ࡟ 㞤 ࢆ ᕠ ࡿ ➇ ྜ ࡀ ㉳ ࡁ ࢀ ࡤ 㸪᭱ ึ ࡟ ࡸ ࡗ ࡚ ᮶ ࡓ 㞝 ࡣ 㸪㞤 ࡜ ࡢ ஺ ᥋ ࡢ ᶵ ఍ ࢆ ㏨ ࡋ ࡚ ࡋ ࡲ ࠺ 㸬ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ࡗ ࡚ ᭱ ึ ࡢ 㞝 ࡣ 㸪ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ※ ࢆ 㝖 ཤ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ᭷ ฼ ࡟ ஺ ᥋ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸬ᐇ 㝿㸪஺ ᥋ ࢆ ⤊ ࠼ ࡓ 㞤 ࡀ స ࡗ ࡓ ⥙ ࡣ ࡶ ࡣ ࡸ 㞝 ࢆ ㄏ ᘬ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࡶ ほ ᐹ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪ᮍ ஺ ᥋ 㞤 ࡢ ࡳ ࡀ ⥙ ࡟ 㞝 ࢆ ㄏ ᘬ ࡍ ࡿ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࢆ ሬ ᕸ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Watson 1986㸧㸬 ୖ グ ࡢ ௬ ㄝ ࢆ ᳨ ド ࡋ ࡓ ᐇ 㦂 ࡣ ḟ ࡢ ㏻ ࡾ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬ࡲ ࡎ ள ⤊ 㱋 ࡢ L. triangularis ࡢ 㞤 ࢆ 㔝 እ ࡛ ᥇ 㞟 ࡋ 㸪୍ ㎶ 10 cm ࡢ ❧ ᪉ య ࡟ ධ ࢀ ࡚ 㣫 ⫱ ࡋ ࡓ ࡜ ࡇ ࢁ 㸪㞤 ࡣ ⥙ ࢆ స ࡗ ࡓ 㸦 ࡇ ࡢ 㛫 ࡟ ⬺ ⓶ ࡋ ᡂ య ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡜ ᛮ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ 㸧㸬 ࡑ ࡋ ࡚ 㞤 ࢆ ⥙ ࠿ ࡽ ྲྀ ࡾ 㝖 ࡁ 㸪㔝 እ ᥇ 㞟 ࡋ ࡓ 㞝 ࢆ ⥙ ࡟ ಶ ู ࡟ ⨨ ࠸ ࡓ 㸬㞝 ࡢ ᑟ ධ ᚋ 5 ศ ௨ ෆ ࡟ 㞝 ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ⥙ ⦰ ᑠ ⾜ ື ࡀ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ሙ ྜ 㸪ࡑ ࡢ ⥙ ࡟ ࡣ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡀ ሬ ᕸ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ࢝ ࢘ ࣥ ࢺ ࡋ ࡓ㸦 ᙼ ࡽ ࡢ 5 ศ ᇶ ‽ ࡣ 㸪㞝 ࡀ ᐇ 㦂 ⓗ ᧯ స ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ᨩ ஘ ࠿ ࡽ ᅇ ᚟ ࡍ

(6)

ࡿ ᫬ 㛫 ࢆ ⪃ ៖ ࡋ ࡚ 㑅 ᢥ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸧㸬㞝 ࡣ ᮍ ஺ ᥋ 㞤 ࡢ ⥙ ࢆ ά Ⓨ ࡟ ษ ࡗ ࡚ ୸ ࡵ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪 ᪤ ஺ ᥋ 㞤 ࡢ ⥙ ࢆ ษ ࡗ ࡚ ୸ ࡵ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ḟ ࡟ 㸪ᮍ ஺ ᥋ 㞤 ࡢ ⥙ ࢆ ࣊ ࢟ ࢧ ࣥ 㸪ሷ ໬ ࣓ ࢳ ࣞ ࣥ 㸪࣓ ࢱ ࣀ ࣮ ࣝ 㸪ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ Ỉ ࡟ ᾐ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ࡢ ⁐ ፹ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ᢳ ฟ ≀ ࢆ ᚓ ࡓ 㸪ሷ ໬ ࣓ ࢳ ࣞ ࣥ 㸪࣓ ࢱ ࣀ ࣮ ࣝ 㸪 ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ Ỉ ࡢ ᢳ ฟ ≀ ࢆ ࢫ ࣉ ࣞ ࣮ ࡋ ࡚ ⥙ ࡟ ሬ ᕸ ࡋ ࡓ ሙ ྜ 㸪ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡣ ඲ ࡚ 㞝 ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ⥙ ⦰ ᑠ ⾜ ື ࢆ ᘬ ࡁ ㉳ ࡇ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ 㸪࣊ ࢟ ࢧ ࣥ ᢳ ฟ ≀ ࢆ ⥙ ࡟ ࢫ ࣉ ࣞ ࣮ ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ 㞝 ࡣ ⥙ ⦰ ᑠ ⾜ ື ࢆ ㉳ ࡇ ࡉ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬㞝 ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ⥙ ⦰ ᑠ ⾜ ື ࢆ ㉳ ࡇ ࡋ ࡓ ᢳ ฟ ≀ ࢆ GC/MS㸦 ࢞ ࢫ ࢡ ࣟ ࣐ ࢺ ࢢ ࣛ ࣇ ㉁㔞 ศ ᯒ ィ㸧࡟ ࡚ ศ ᯒ ࡋ ࡓ ࡜ ࡇ ࢁ 㸪ᮍ ஺ ᥋ ள ⤊ 㱋㞤 ࡢ ⥙ ࡟ ሬ ᕸ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ᡂ ศ ࡣ 3-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ 㓗㓟 ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ (R)-3-((R)-3-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ ࣈ ࢱ ࣀ ࢖ ࣝ ࢜ ࢟ ࢩ )-㓗㓟 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ㸦 Schulz and Toft 1993㸧㸬 (R)-3-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ 㓗㓟 ࡣ 㸪 ඲ ࡚ ࡢ ື ≀ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ⬡ ⫫ 㓟 ࢆ ⏕ ྜ ᡂ ࡍ ࡿ ⤒ ㊰ ࡟ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ ୰ 㛫 ⏕ ᡂ ≀ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪㓝 ⣲ ࡢ Ꮡ ᅾ ୗ ࡛ 㸪 ࣐ ࣟ ࢽ ࣝ-CoA ࡜ ࢔ ࢭ ࢳ ࣝ ᇶ 㸦 ࢱ ࣥ ࣃ ࢡ ㉁ ࡟ ⤖ ྜ 㸧࠿ ࡽ ஧ 㓟 ໬ Ⅳ ⣲ ࡀ ⬺ 㞳 ࡋ ࡚ ⏕ ᡂ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࡢ (R)-3-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ 㓗㓟 ࡀ ⿵ 㓝 ⣲ A ࡜ ⤖ ྜ ࡋ ࡓ ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ ࣈ ࢳ ࣜ ࣝ CoA ࠿ ࡽ ࡣ 㸪 3-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ 㓗㓟 ࡀ ከ ᩘ ⦰ ྜ 㔜 ྜ ࡋ ࡚ ⏕ ᡂ ࡍ ࡿ ⏕ ศ ゎ ᛶ ࡢ ࣏ ࣜ ࢚ ࢫ ࢸ ࣝ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿࠕ ࣏ ࣜ[(R)-3-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ 㓗㓟 ]㸦 PHB㸧ࠖࡀ ⏕ ྜ ᡂ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࡢ ໬ ྜ ≀ ࡣ ᵝ ࠎ ࡞ ⣽ ⳦ ࡸ ྂ ⣽ ⳦ ࡀ Ⅳ ⣲ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢆ ㈓ ⶶ ࡍ ࡿ ┠ ⓗ ࡛ ⏘ ⏕ ࡋ 㸪࡯ ࠿ ࡟ ฼ ⏝ ྍ ⬟ ࡞ Ⅳ ⣲ ※ ࡀ ࡞ ࡅ ࢀ ࡤ ௦ ㅰ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ (R)-3-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ 㓗㓟 ࡬ ࡜ ศ ゎ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸦Reddy et al. 2003㸧㸬 Schulz㸦 2013㸧 ࡣ 㸪 L. triangularis ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ (R)-3-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ 㓗㓟 ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ(R)-3-((R)-3-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ ࣈ ࢱ ࣀ ࢖ ࣝ ࢜ ࢟ ࢩ )-㓗㓟 ࡢ ⏕ ྜ ᡂ ⤒ ㊰ ࡟ 㛵 ࡋ 㸪ࠕ ࢡ ࣔ 㸦L. triangularis㸧 ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ⏕ ྜ ᡂ ࡟ ඹ ⏕ ⳦ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ 3+%ĺR)-3-((R)-3-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ ࣈ ࢳ ࣜ ࣝ ࢜ ࢟ ࢩ )-㓗㓟 ࡢ ⏕ ྜ ᡂ ࡀ 㛵 ୚ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࠿ ࠖ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࣘ ࢽ ࣮ ࢡ ࡞ ௬ ㄝ ࢆ ❧ ࡚ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬┿ ┦ ࡣ ౫ ↛ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ୙ ᫂ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪ࡶ ࡋ ࡑ ࠺ ࡛ ࠶ ࢀ ࡤ 㸪L. triangularis ࡢ 㞤 ࢢ ࣔ ࡣ ள ⤊ 㱋 ࡟ ᡂ ⇍ ࡋ ࡓ ࠶ ࡜ ࡟ 㸪ఱ ࡽ ࠿ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ඹ ⏕ ⳦ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ PHBĺᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡢ ཯ ᛂ ⤒ ㊰ ࢆ 㑅 ᢥ ⓗ ࡟ ࢜ ࣥ ࡟ ࡋ 㸪஺ ᥋ ࡋ ࡓ ᚋ ࡟ ࡣ ෌ ࡧ ࢜ ࣇ ࡟ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ࣘ ࢽ ࣮ ࢡ ࡞ ᶵ ᵓ ࢆ ഛ ࠼ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠿ ࡶ ࡋ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬 3-3. ࢩ ࣎ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ Linyphia triangularis ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡣ ⥙ ࠿ ࡽ ᥹ Ⓨ ࡋ ࡚ ✵ Ẽ ୰ ࢆ ఏ ࢃ ࡿ ࡢ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ 㸪⇕ ᖏ ࡢ ᚔ ᚉ ᛶ ✀ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࢩ ࣎ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ C. salei ࡢ ࡋ ࠾ ࡾ ⣒㸦 ࢡ ࣔ ࡀ Ṍ ࡃ ࡜ ࡁ ࡟ ฟ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪᮶ ࡓ 㐨 ࢆ ᡠ ࡗ ࡓ ࡾ ࿨ ⥘ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ౑ ࡗ ࡓ ࡾ ࡍ ࡿ ⣒ 㸧࠿ ࡽ ᚓ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡣ 㸪 ᥋ ゐ ࢆ ㏻ ࡌ ࡚ ᝟ ሗ ఏ 㐩 ࡀ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬C. salei ࡢ 㞝 ࡣ 㞤 ࡢ ࡋ ࠾ ࡾ ⣒ ࡟ ᥋ ゐ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ࡁ 㸪࡝ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡋ ࡚ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࢆ ᳨ ▱ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡔ ࢁ ࠺ ࠿ 㸬 Cupiennius salei ࡢ 㞝 ࡢ ồ ឡ ⾜ ື ࡣ 㸪㞤 ࡢ ࡋ ࠾ ࡾ ⣒ ࡟ 㐼㐝 ࡋ ࡓ ࡜ ࡁ ࡟ ゐ ⫥ ࢆ ౑ ࡗ ࡚ ⣒ ࢆ ㄪ ࡭ ࡿ ࡜ ࡇ ࢁ ࠿ ࡽ ጞ ࡲ ࡿ 㸬ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ 㸪㞝 ࡣ 㞤 ࡢ ࡋ ࠾ ࡾ ⣒ ࡀ ᘬ ࠿ ࢀ くものいと, No. 54 (March 2021)

(7)

࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ᇶ 㒊 ࠿ ࡽ ࡋ ࠾ ࡾ ⣒ ࢆ ᣢ ࡕ ୖ ࡆ ࡚ ࡋ ࡤ ࡋ ࡤ ඖ ࡢ ఩ ⨨ ࠿ ࡽ ࡎ ࡽ ࡋ 㸪⮬ ࡽ ࡢ ゐ ⫥ ࡢ ⫼ ഃ ⾲㠃 ࡟ ࡋ ࠾ ࡾ ⣒ ࢆ ᥋ ゐ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ 㸬ࡑ ࡋ ࡚ ⣒ ࡟ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡀ ௜ ╔ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ሙ ྜ ࡣ 㞤 ࡀ ᛶ ⓗ ࡟ ᡂ ⇍ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ุ ᩿ ࡋ ࡚ య ࢆ ᣺ ື ࡉ ࡏ 㸪᣺ ື ࢆ 㞤 ࡟ ఏ ࠼ ࡿ ồ ឡ ⾜ ື ࢆ 㛤 ጞ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬᣺ ື ࢆ ឤ ▱ ࡋ ࡓ 㞤 ࡣ ᣺ ື ࡛ ཯ ᛂ ࡋ ㏉ ࡍ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪㞝 ࡣ 㞤 ࢆ ぢ ࡘ ࡅ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸦Barth 1993㸧㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ồ ឡ ⾜ ື ࡢ ほ ᐹ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪㞤 ࡢ ࡋ ࠾ ࡾ ⣒ ࡟ ௜ ╔ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡣ ᥋ ゐ ᛶ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ᥎ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ᚋ 㸪C. salei ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡀ (S)-3-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ -5-࣓ ࢺ ࢟ ࢩ -3-(࣓ ࢺ ࢟ ࢩ ࢝ ࣝ ࣎ ࢽ ࣝ)-5-࢜ ࢟ ࢯ ྜྷ ⲡ 㓟㸦 ࢟ ࣗ ࣆ ࣛ ࣮㸹cupilure㸧࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸦Papke et al. 2000㸧㸦 ᅗ 1b㸧㸬 Cupiennius salei ࡢ 㞤 ࡣ 㸪 ࡋ ࠾ ࡾ ⣒ ࢆ ฟ ࡍ ࡜ ࡁ ࡟ ࢟ ࣗ ࣆ ࣛ ࣮ ࢆ ࡋ ࠾ ࡾ ⣒ ⾲㠃 ࡟ ௜ ╔ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ㸦 ࡋ ࠾ ࡾ ⣒ 1 mm2_{࠶ ࡓ ࡾ} _6×106_ಶ ࡢ ࢟ ࣗ ࣆ ࣛ ࣮ ศ Ꮚ ࡀ ⾲㠃 ࡟ ௜ ╔ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸧㸬㞤 ࡢ ࡋ ࠾ ࡾ ⣒ ࡟ ௜ ╔ ࡋ ࡓ ࢟ ࣗ ࣆ ࣛ ࣮ ࡣ 㞝ゐ ⫥ ⫼ ഃ ࡢ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ཷ ᐜ ឤ ぬ ⣽ ⬊ ࡛ ཷ ᐜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬ᕤ ᴗ ⓗ ࡟ ྜ ᡂ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࢟ ࣗ ࣆ ࣛ ࣮ ࢆ ྵ ౵ ࡉ ࡏ ࡓ ࢁ ⣬ ࢆ 㞝 ࡢ ゐ ⫥ ࡟ ࠶ ࡿ ឤ ぬ Ꮚ ࡢ ඛ ➃ ࡟ ᥋ ゐ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡜ 㸪ᛶ ᡂ ⇍ ࡋ ࡓ 㞤 ࡀ ฟ ࡋ ࡓ ࡋ ࠾ ࡾ ⣒ ࡟ ゐ ࢀ ࡓ ࡜ ࡁ ࡜ ྠ ᵝ ࡢ ά ື 㟁 ఩ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ୍ 㐃 ࡢ 㟁 Ẽ ⏕ ⌮ Ꮫ ⓗ ᐃ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Tichy et al. 2001㸧㸬 3-4. ࢱ ࢼ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ๓ ㏙ ࡢ ࢟ ࣗ ࣆ ࣛ ࣮ ࡣ ⣒ ࡜ ࡢ ᥋ ゐ ࢆ ㏻ ࡌ ࡚ ᝟ ሗ ࡀ ఏ 㐩 ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ᥋ ゐ ᛶ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪⡿ ᅜ ༡ 㒊㹼 ୰ ⡿㸦 ୰ ኸ ࢔ ࣓ ࣜ ࢝ 㸧ࡢ ஝ ⇱ ᆅ ᖏ ࡟ ⏕ ᜥ ࡍ ࡿ ࢱ ࢼ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ A. aperta ࡣ 3-2.࡛ ㏙ ࡭ ࡓ L. triangularis ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᥹ Ⓨ ᛶ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࢆ 㓄 അ ⾜ ື ࡟ ฼ ⏝ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡓ ࡔ ࡋ ࡑ ࡢ ᡂ ศ ࡣ ⣒ ࠿ ࡽ ᥹ Ⓨ ࡍ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ య ࠿ ࡽ ᨺ ฟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 ศ Ἢ ⭢ ࡣ ≉ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ 㸧㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ✀ ࡢ ᛶ ᡂ ⇍ ࡋ ࡓ ᮍ ஺ ᑿ 㞤 ࠿ ࡽ 㸪 ᥹ Ⓨ ᛶ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 8-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࣀ ࢼ ࣥ -2-࢜ ࣥ ࡀ ࣊ ࢵ ࢻ ࢫ ࣌ ࣮ ࢫ-GC/MS ศ ᯒ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸦 ᅗ 1c㸧㸬 Agelenopsis aperta ࡢ 㞤 ࠿ ࡽ ✵ Ẽ ୰ ࡟ ᨺ ฟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 8-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࣀ ࢼ ࣥ -2-࢜ ࣥ ࡣ 㸪㞝 ࢆ ᘬ ࡁ ௜ ࡅ ࡚ ồ ឡ ⾜ ື㸦ゐ ⫥ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ࢻ ࣛ ࣑ ࣥ ࢢ㸦ゐ ⫥ ࡛ ⧞ ࡾ ㏉ ࡋ 㞤 ࢆ ࡓ ࡓ ࡃ㸹pedipalp drumming㸧 ࡜ ⭡ 㒊 ࢆ ࠺ ࡡ ࡽ ࡏ ࡿ 㸹abdomen waggle㸧ࢆ ㄏ Ⓨ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࡢ ᥹ Ⓨ ᛶ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡣ 㸪 ࢃ ࡎ ࠿ 0.5 ng ࡛ 㸪 ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ※ ࠿ ࡽ ᩘ cm 㞳 ࢀ ࡓ 㞝 ࢆ ㄏ ᘬ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Papke et al. 2001㸧㸬 3-5. ࣘ ࢘ ࣞ ࢖ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡟ ⤂ ௓ ࡋ ࡓ ౛ ࡣ 㸪඲ ࡚ 1 ໬ ྜ ≀ ࡀ ༢ ⊂ ࡛ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡢ ᙺ ๭ ࢆ ᯝ ࡓ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ 㸬ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ 㸪ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡢ ◊ ✲ ࡀ 㐍 ࢇ ࡛ ࠸ ࡿ ࢞ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪኱ 㒊 ศ ࡢ ✀ ࡛ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡀ 」 ᩘ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ ΰ ྜ ≀ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪ࡑ ࡢ ΰ ྜ ẚ ࡀ ␗ ᛶ ࡢ ㄏ ᘬ ࡟ 㔜せ ࡞ ᙺ ๭ ࢆ ᯝ ࡓ ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Tamaki et al. 1971, Ando and Yamamoto 2020㸧㸬 ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪 ࢞ ࡜ ྠ ࡌ ࡃ 」 ᩘ ≀ ㉁ ࡀ ᥞ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡚ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ㸦」 ᩘ ᡂ ศ ⣔ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ 㸧ࡀ 㸪୰ ᅜ ⏘ ࡢ Ὕ

(8)

❍ ࠿ ࡽ ᥇ ྲྀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࣘ ࢘ ࣞ ࢖ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ୍ ✀ ࠿ ࡽ ぢ ࡘ ࠿ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ㸦 ᅗ 1d㸧㸦Xiao et al. 2009; 2010㸧㸬 ࡇ ࡇ ࡛ ࣘ ࢘ ࣞ ࢖ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡜ ࡣ 㸪 ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡀ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ၏ ୍ ࡢ ༢ ᛶ ᇦ 㢮㸪ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ እ ᛶ ჾ ࡢ ᵓ 㐀 ࡀ ༢ ⣧ ࡛ 㸪ࡣ ࡿ ࠿ ࡟ 」㞧 ࡞ ᵓ 㐀 ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ ᏶ ᛶ ᇦ 㢮 ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡜ ༊ ู ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ㸦Schulz 2013㸧㸬㓑㓟 ࣊ ࢟ ࢧ ࢹ ࢩ ࣝ ࡜ 㓑㓟(2E,6E)-3,7,11-ࢺ ࣜ ࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࢻ ࢹ ࢝ -2,6,10-ࢺ ࣜ ࢚ ࣥ -1-࢖ ࣝ㸦㓑㓟 (2E,6E)-ࣇ ࢓ ࣝ ࢿ ࢩ ࣝ 㸧ࡢ 2 ໬ ྜ ≀ ࡣ 㸪࡜ ࡶ ࡟ P. beijingensis ᮍ ஺ ᑿ 㞤 ࡢ ⥙ ࠿ ࡽ ࢪ ࢡ ࣟ ࣟ ࣓ ࢱ ࣥ ࡛ ᢳ ฟ ࡉ ࢀ GC/MS ศ ᯒ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬㞝 ࡣ ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ 2 ໬ ྜ ≀ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ ࡢ ࡝ ࡕ ࡽ ࠿ ୍ ᪉ ࡔ ࡅ ࡛ ࡣ ㄏ ᘬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪୧ ໬ ྜ ≀ ࡢ 2:1 ΰ ྜ ≀ ࡟ ࡣ ㄏ ᘬ ά ᛶ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬ࡇ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ 2 ᡂ ศ ࡣ ୧ ⪅ ࡀ ᥞ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡚ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ࡓ ࡽ ࡃ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸦Xiao et al. 2009㸧㸬」 ᩘ ᡂ ศ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡀ 㞤 ࠿ ࡽ ぢ ࡘ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ P. beijingensis ࡢ 㞝 ࠿ ࡽ ࡣ 㸪 ࢡ ࣔ ࡛ ࡣ ၏ ୍ ࡢ 㞝 ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡶ Ⓨ ぢ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬Pholcus beijingensis 㞝 ࡢ ࢪ ࢡ ࣟ ࣟ ࣓ ࢱ ࣥ ᢳ ฟ ≀ ࡟ ྵ ࡲ ࢀ ࡿ ໬ ྜ ≀ ⩌ ࡀ ⥙ ⨶ ⓗ ࡟ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪ࡑ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ 㞝 ᡂ య ࡢ ࡳ ࠿ ࡽ Ⓨ ぢ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ ୍ ࡘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ (Z) -ࢺ ࣜ ࢥ ࢫ -9-࢚ ࣥ㸦 (Z)-9-ࢺ ࣜ ࢥ ࢭ ࣥ 㸧 ࡀ 㸪㓄 അ ⾜ ື ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࢩ ࢢ ࢼ ࣝ ࡢ ᙺ ๭ ࢆ ᯝ ࡓ ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ᮏ ✀ ࡢ 㞤 ࡣ 㸪ࡸ ࡗ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ 㞝 ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ධ ࢀ ࡿ ሙ ྜ 㸪㞝 ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ᨷ ᧁ ࡏ ࡎ ࡟ 㟼 Ṇ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬୍ ᪉ 㸪ᛶ ⓗ ࡟ ᮍ ᡂ ⇍ ࡢ 㞤 ࡸ ᪤ ஺ ᥋ 㞤 ࡣ ࡸ ࡗ ࡚ ᮶ ࡓ 㞝 ࢆ ᨷ ᧁ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬(Z)-9-ࢺ ࣜ ࢥ ࢭ ࣥ ࡟ ࡉ ࡽ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㞤 ࡣ ࡉ ࡽ ࡉ ࢀ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ 㞤 ࡟ ẚ ࡭ ࡚ 㞝 ࡢ ᥋ ㏆ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ᨷ ᧁ ⓗ ࡟ ࡞ ࡽ ࡎ ཷ ᐜ ⓗ ࡞ ⾜ ື ࢆ ࡜ ࡾ 㸪㞝 ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ 㓄 അ ࢆ チ ᐜ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬୍ ᪉ ࡛ 㸪 (Z)-9-ࢺ ࣜ ࢥ ࢭ ࣥ ࡀ ᛶ ᡂ ⇍ ࡋ ࡓ 㞤 ࡢ ಶ య ࢆ ㄏ ᘬ ࡍ ࡿ ࠿ ࡝ ࠺ ࠿ ࡀ ᳨ ド ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪 (Z)-9-ࢺ ࣜ ࢥ ࢭ ࣥ ࡟ ࡣ 㞤 ࢆ ㄏ ᘬ ࡍ ࡿ ࡣ ࡓ ࡽ ࡁ ࡣ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪 (Z)-9-ࢺ ࣜ ࢥ ࢭ ࣥ ࡣ 㞝 ࡀ ồ ឡ ࡢ ᐜ ㄆ ࢆ 㞤 ࡟ ಁ ࡍ ࢩ ࢢ ࢼ ࣝ ࡜ ぢ ࡞ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸦 Xiao et al. 2010㸧㸬 ඛ ㏙ ࡋ ࡓ 㓑㓟 ࣊ ࢟ ࢧ ࢹ ࢩ ࣝ ࡣ 㸪ከ ࡃ ࡢ ࢞ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ≀ ㉁ ࡜ ྠ ᵝ 㸪࢔ ࢭ ࢳ ࣝ ᇶ ࢆ 㝖 ࠸ ࡓ ࢔ ࣝ ࢟ ࣝ ᇶ ࡢ Ⅳ ⣲ ᩘ ࡀ 16 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ඹ ㏻㦵 ᱁ ࢆ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࡓ ࡔ ࡋ ࢞ ࡢ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ᑐ ᛂ ࡍ ࡿ Ⅳ ໬ Ỉ ⣲ ᇶ ࡟ ஧ 㔜 ⤖ ྜ ࡀ 1 ࠿ ᡤ ࡞ ࠸ ࡋ 2 ࠿ ᡤ ྵ ࡲ ࢀ ࡿ 㓑㓟 (Z)11 ࣊ ࢟ ࢧ ࢹ ࢭ ࢽ ࣝ ࡸ 㓑㓟 (10E,12Z) ࣊ ࢟ ࢧ ࢹ ࢝ -10,12-ࢪ ࢚ ࣥ -1-࢖ ࣝ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ໬ ྜ ≀ ࡀ ࡼ ࡃ ౑ ࢃ ࢀ 㸪㓑㓟 ࣊ ࢟ ࢧ ࢹ ࢩ ࣝ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ 㣬 ࿴ Ⅳ ໬ Ỉ ⣲ ᇶ ࢆ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ ≀ ㉁ ࡣ 㸪࢞ ࡢ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ࣓ ࢪ ࣕ ࣮ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ 㸦El-Sayed 2020㸧㸪 ࢞ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪㣬 ࿴ Ⅳ ໬ Ỉ ⣲ ᇶ ࢆ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ ໬ ྜ ≀ ࡀ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ά ᛶ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ౛ ࡣ 㸪 ࡯ ࢇ ࡢ ᩘ ౛ ࡋ ࠿ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ 㸦Veire and Dirinck 1986; Löfstedt et al. 1986㸧㸬 ୍ ᪉ 㸪㓑㓟 (2E,6E)-ࣇ ࢓ ࣝ ࢿ ࢩ ࣝ ࡣ ࢥ ࣓ ࢶ ࢟ ࣒ ࢩ ࡢ ୍ ✀ Agriotes sputator (Linnaeus) ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Yatsynin et al. 1996㸧㸬ࡲ ࡓ 㸪(Z)-9-ࢺ ࣜ ࢥ ࢭ ࣥ ࡣ 㸪ከ ࡃ ࡢ ᪻ ⹸ ࡢ య ⾲ ࡢ ୍ ⯡ ⓗ ࡞ ᵓ ᡂ せ ⣲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ࡜ ࡶ ࡟ 㸪 ࢖ ࢚ ࣂ ࢚ Musca domestica Linnaeus㸦 Carlson et al. 1971㸧㸪ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ ࣁ ࢼ ࣂ ࢳ ࡢ ୍ ✀ Andrena nigroaenea (Kirby)㸦 Schiestl et al. 2000㸧ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ࠸ ࡃ ࡘ ࠿ ࡢ ᪻ ⹸ ࡢ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡛ ࡶ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ᪻ ⹸ ࡣ 㸪P. くものいと, No. 54 (March 2021)

(9)

beijingensis ࡢ ₯ ᅾ ⓗ ࡞ 㣵 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸦 Schulz 2013㸧㸬 3-6. ࢥ ࢞ ࢿ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࣭ ࢦ ࢣ ࢢ ࣔ ᒓ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ Chinta et al.㸦 2010㸧ࡣ 㸪ࢥ ࢞ ࢿ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ᭱ ึ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ࢼ ࢞ ࢥ ࢞ ࢿ ࢢ ࣔA. bruennichi ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ 2-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ ࣈ ࢱ ࣥ -1,2,3-ࢺ ࣜ ࢝ ࣝ ࣎ ࣥ 㓟(2R,3S)-ࢺ ࣜ ࣓ ࢳ ࣝ 㸦 (2R,3S)-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࢡ ࢚ ࣥ 㓟 ࢺ ࣜ ࣓ ࢳ ࣝ 㸧㸦 ᅗ 1e㸧 ࡢ ᢳ ฟ ࡜ ྜ ᡂ ࢆ ሗ ࿌ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࡢ ໬ ྜ ≀ ࡣ 㞤 ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ 㸪ள ᡂ య 㸪ᮍ ஺ ᥋ 㸪࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ஺ ᥋ ῭ ࡳ ಶ య ࠿ ࡽ ᚓ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ᢳ ฟ ≀ ࡢ ẚ ㍑ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ Ⓨ ぢ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪㔝 እ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ྠ ✀ ࡢ 㞝 ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ㄏ ᘬ ά ᛶ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪ᮏ ✀ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ⤖ ㄽ ࡙ ࡅ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬ࢡ ࢚ ࣥ 㓟ㄏ ᑟ య ࢆ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ౛ ࡣ 㸪๓ ㏙ ࡋ ࡓ C. salei ࡛ ࡶ ゝ ཬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Tichy et al. 2001㸧㸬 ࡞ ࠾ ⌧ ᅾ ࡲ ࡛ ࡟ 㸪 ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ 2 ✀ ௨ እ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪ࢡ ࢚ ࣥ 㓟ㄏ ᑟ య ࢆ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡟ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ⏕ ≀ ࡣ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸㸦Uhl 2013㸧㸬 ࣄ ࢺ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ẘ ᛶ ࡢ ᙉ ࠸ እ ᮶ ✀ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࢦ ࢣ ࢢ ࣔ ᒓ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ࢭ ࣜ ࣥ ㄏ ᑟ య ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ 㓗㓟 ࡀ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᶵ ⬟ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬Jerhot et al.㸦 2010㸧ࡣ 2-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ 㓗㓟(S)-(S)-3-࣓ ࢺ ࢟ ࢩ -2-(3-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࣈ ࢱ ࣥ ࢔ ࣑ ࢻ )-3-࢜ ࢟ ࢯ ࣉ ࣟ ࣆ ࣝ㸦 N-3-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࣈ ࢳ ࣜ ࣝ-O-2-(S)-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࣈ ࢳ ࣜ ࣝ -L-ࢭ ࣜ ࣥ ࡢ ࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࢚ ࢫ ࢸ ࣝ 㸧ࡀ ࢭ ࢔ ࢝ ࢦ ࢣ ࢢ ࣔ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ 㸪ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ Bryan et al.㸦 2018㸧ࡣ 㓗㓟 ࡀ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᶵ ⬟ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ㸦 ᅗ 1f㸧㸬Scott et al.㸦 2015㸧ࡣ 㸪 ࢭ ࣜ ࣥ ㄏ ᑟ య ࡢ ప ศ Ꮚ 㔞 ྠ ᪘ య ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 3-࣓ ࢺ ࢟ ࢩ -2-(3-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ -N-ࣉ ࣟ ࣆ ࢜ ࢽ ࣝ ࣈ ࢱ ࣥ ࢔ ࣑ ࢻ)ࣉ ࣟ ࣆ ࢜ ࣥ 㓟 (S)-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ㸦 N-3-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࣈ ࢱ ࣀ ࢖ ࣝ -O-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࣉ ࣟ ࣃ ࣀ ࢖ ࣝ-L-ࢭ ࣜ ࣥ ࡢ ࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࢚ ࢫ ࢸ ࣝ 㸧㸦 ᅗ 1g㸧ࡀ 㸪ࢭ ࢔ ࢝ ࢦ ࢣ ࢢ ࣔ ࡜ ྠ ᒓ ࡢ ࢶ ࣖ ࢡ ࣟ ࢦ ࢣ ࢢ ࣔ Latrodectus hesperus Chamberlin & Ivie ࡛ 㸪ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡢ ᡂ ศ ࡢ ୍ ࡘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬

3-7. ࢺ ࢱ ࢸ ࢢ ࣔ ୗ ┠ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ

ࢺ ࢱ ࢸ ࢢ ࣔ ୗ ┠ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪 ࢱ ࣛ ࣥ ࢳ ࣗ ࣛ ࡜ ࠸ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࢜ ࢜ ࢶ ࢳ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡸ 㸪 ࢪ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ 㸪ࢺ ࢱ ࢸ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ᆅ ୰ ⏕ ά ࢆ ㏦ ࡿ ཎ ጞ ⓗ ࡞ ࢡ ࣔ ࡀ ከ ࡃ ྵ ࡲ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 Copperi et al.㸦 2019㸧ࡣ 㸪ࢺ ࢱ ࢸ ࢢ ࣔ ୗ ┠ ࡢ Acanthogonatus centralis *RORER൵ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪㞤 ࡀ ᥋ ゐ ᛶ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࢆ ⣒ ࡟ ሬ ᕸ ࡋ㸦 య ⾲ ࡟ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡋ ࡓ ࡾ ✵ Ẽ ୰ ࢆ ⁻ ࠺ ࢃ ࡅ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ 㸧㸪㞝 ࢆ ㄏ ᘬ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ሗ ࿌ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬㞝 ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡀ 㸪஺ ᥋ ῭ ࡳ 㞤 ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ 㸪ᮍ ஺ ᥋ 㞤 ࢆ 㑅 ࡾ ዲ ࢇ ࡔ ࡇ ࡜ ࡶ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪ࢺ ࢱ ࢸ ࢢ ࣔ ୗ ┠ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡢ Ꮡ ᅾ ࢆ ☜ ㄆ ࡋ ࡓ ึ ࡵ ࡚ ࡢ ᡂ ᯝ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬࡞ ࠾ 㸪 ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ᡂ ศ ࡢ ໬ Ꮫ ᵓ 㐀 ࡣ 㸪 ṧ ᛕ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ ࡲ ࡔ ≉ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬

(10)

⾲ 1. ࢡࣔࡢ ᛶࣇ࢙ࣟࣔࣥ㸬 ໬ྜ≀ ࢡࣔࡢ✀ 㞝ࡢ⾜ື ఏᦙ࣮ࣔࢻ ᩥ⊩ x (R )-3-ࣄࢻࣟ࢟ࢩ㓗㓟 x (R )-3-(( R )-3-ࣄࢻࣟ࢟ࢩࣈࢱࣀ࢖ࣝ࢜࢟ࢩ )㓗㓟 L inyp hi a tr ia ngul aris ㄏᘬ࡜⥙⦰ᑠ ⣒࡬ࡢ᥋ゐ Schul z & To ft (199 3) x (S )-3-ࣄࢻࣟ࢟ࢩ -5-࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩ -3-( ࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩ࢝ࣝ࣎ࢽࣝ )-5-࢜࢟ࢯྜྷⲡ㓟 ูྡ : ࢡ࢚ࣥ 㓟 (S )-1,1’-ࢪ࣓ࢳࣝ ; ࢟ࣗ ࣆ࣮ࣛ c up ilu re Cupie nni us salei ㄏᘬ࡜ồឡ ⣒࡬ࡢ᥋ゐ P apke et al . (2 00 0) x 8-࣓ࢳࣝࣀࢼࣥ -2-࢜ࣥ Agel enopsis apert a ㄏᘬ࡜ồឡ 㢼፹ P apke et al . (2 00 1) x 㓑㓟࣊࢟ࢧࢹࢩࣝ x 㓑㓟 (2E,6E)-3,7 ,1 1-ࢺ࣓ࣜ ࢳ ࣝࢻࢹ࢝ -2,6, 10-ࢺ࢚ࣜ ࣥ -1-࢖ࣝ ูྡ : 㓑㓟 (2E,6E)-ࣇ࢓ࣝࢿࢩࣝ Phol cus be iji ng ens is ㄏᘬ ⣒࡬ࡢ᥋ゐ X iao e t a l. (2 009) x (Z )-ࢺࣜࢥࢫ -9-࢚ࣥ ồឡࡢཷᐜ (㞤ࡢ⾜ື ) 㢼፹ X iao e t a l. (2 010) x (2 R ,3 S)-2-ࣄࢻࣟ࢟ࢩࣈࢱࣥ -1,2,3-ࢺࣜ࢝ࣝ࣎ࣥ㓟ࢺ࣓ࣜࢳࣝ ูྡ : (2 R ,3 S)-࣓ࢳࣝࢡ࢚ࣥ㓟ࢺ࣓ࣜࢳࣝ ࢼ࢞ࢥ࢞ࢿࢢࣔ Argi op e br ue nn ic hi 㞝ࡢᤕ⋓ 㢼፹ Chi nta et al . ( 2010) x 2-࣓ࢳࣝ㓗㓟 (S )-( S)-3-࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩ -2-(3 -࣓ࢳࣝࣈࢱࣥ࢔࣑ࢻ )-3-࢜࢟ࢯࣉࣟ ࣆࣝ ูྡ : ( N -3-࣓ ࢳࣝࣈࢳࣜࣝ -O -2-( S)-࣓ ࢳࣝࣈࢳࣜࣝ -L-ࢭ࣓ࣜࣥࢳ࢚ࣝࢫ ࢸࣝ ) ࢭ࢔࢝ࢦࢣࢢࣔ Latr od ectu s ha ssel ti ㄏᘬ ⣒࡬ࡢ᥋ゐ Jerhot et al . (2 01 0) x 㓗㓟ㄏᘬ 㢼፹ Bryan et al . (2 01 8) x 3-࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩ -2 -(3-࣓ࢳࣝ -N -ࣉࣟࣆ ࢜ ࢽࣝࣈࢱ ࣥ ࢔࣑ࢻ )ࣉ ࣟ ࣆ࢜ࣥ㓟 (S )-࣓ࢳࣝ ูྡ : N -3-࣓ࢳࣝࣈࢱ ࣀ ࢖ ࣝ -O -࣓ ࢳ ࣝࣉࣟࣃ ࣀ ࢖ ࣝ -L -ࢭࣜ ࣓ࣥࢳࣝ ࢚ࢫࢸࣝ La tr od ectu s hesp eru s ㄏᘬ ⣒࡬ࡢ᥋ゐ Scott et al. (20 15)

(11)

(a) OH O OH R OH O O O OH R R (b) O CH₃ C O C O O OH CH₃ C O O CH₃ S R (c) O (d) O O O O

(12)

ᅗ 1. ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ 㸬 (a) Linyphia triangularis: (R)-3-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ 㓗㓟 (ᕥ )㸪

(R)-3-((R)-3-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ ࣈ ࢱ ࣀ ࢖ ࣝ ࢜ ࢟ ࢩ )㓗㓟 (ྑ ); (b) Cupiennius salei: (S)-(R)-3-((R)-3-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ -5-࣓ ࢺ ࢟ ࢩ-3-( ࣓ ࢺ ࢟ ࢩ ࢝ ࣝ ࣎ ࢽ ࣝ )-5- ࢜ ࢟ ࢯ ྜྷ ⲡ 㓟 ( ࢟ ࣗ ࣆ ࣛ ࣮ cupilure); (c) Agelenopsis aperta: 8-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࣀ ࢼ ࣥ -2-࢜ ࣥ ; (d) 㞤 ࡢ Pholcus beijingensis: 㓑㓟 ࣊ ࢟ ࢧ ࢹ ࢩ ࣝ ( ୖ ẁ ) ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ 㓑㓟 (2E,6E)-3,7,11- ࢺ ࣜ ࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࢻ ࢹ ࢝ -2,6,10- ࢺ ࣜ ࢚ ࣥ -1- ࢖ ࣝ (㓑㓟 (2E,6E)-ࣇ ࢓ ࣝ ࢿ ࢩ ࣝ ) (㓑㓟 ࣊ ࢟ ࢧ ࢹ ࢩ ࣝ ࡜ 㓑㓟 (2E,6E)-ࣇ ࢓ ࣝ ࢿ ࢩ ࣝ ࡢ 2:1 ΰ ྜ ≀ ࡀ ά ᛶ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ); 㞝 ࡢ P. beijingensis: (Z)-ࢺ ࣜ ࢥ ࢫ -9-࢚ ࣥ (㞤 ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ồ ឡ ࡢ ཷ ᐜ ࢆ ಁ 㐍 ࡍ ࡿ) (ୗ ẁ ); (e) Argiope bruennichi: (2R,3S)-2-ࣄ ࢻ ࣟ ࢟ ࢩ ࣈ ࢱ ࣥ -1,2,3-ࢺ ࣜ ࢝ ࣝ ࣎ ࣥ 㓟 ࢺ ࣜ ࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ((2R,3S)-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࢡ ࢚ ࣥ 㓟 ࢺ ࣜ ࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ); (f) Latrodectus hasselti: 2-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ 㓗㓟(S)-(S)-3-࣓ ࢺ ࢟ ࢩ -2-(3-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࣈ ࢱ ࣥ ࢔ ࣑ ࢻ )-3- ࢜ ࢟ ࢯ ࣉ ࣟ ࣆ ࣝ ((N-3-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࣈ ࢳ ࣜ ࣝ-O-2-(S)-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࣈ ࢳ ࣜ ࣝ -L-ࢭ ࣜ ࣥ ࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࢚ ࢫ ࢸ ࣝ )) (ᕥ ) ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ 㓗㓟 (ྑ ); (g) Latrodectus hesperus: 3-࣓ ࢺ ࢟ ࢩ -2-(3-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ -N-ࣉ ࣟ ࣆ ࢜ ࢽ ࣝ ࣈ ࢱ ࣥ ࢔ ࣑ ࢻ )ࣉ ࣟ ࣆ ࢜ ࣥ 㓟(S)-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ (N-3-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࣈ ࢱ ࣀ ࢖ ࣝ -O-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࣉ ࣟ ࣃ ࣀ ࢖ ࣝ -L-ࢭ ࣜ ࣥ ࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࢚ ࢫ ࢸ ࣝ). (e) C O O O C H₃ C O C O O OH C H₃ CH₃ S R (f) N O C H₃ C O H O O C O S S OH O (g) N O C H₃ C O H O O C O S くものいと, No. 54 (March 2021)

(13)

4. ࢡ ࣔ ࡀ ฼ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ࢔ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࢝ ࢖ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ 4-1. ࢔ ࣞ ࣟ ࢣ ࣑ ࢝ ࣝ 㸦 ࢔ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࢝ ࢖ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ 㸧 ๓ ㏙ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ 㸪ྠ ✀ 㛫 ࡛ స ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡟ ຍ ࠼ ࡚ 㸪␗ ✀ 㛫 ࡛ స ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࢔ ࣞ ࣟ ࢣ ࣑ ࢝ ࣝ㸦 ࢔ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࢝ ࢖ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ 㸧ࡀ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬࢔ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡣ Ⓨ ಙ ⪅ ࡀ ฼ ┈ ࢆ ᚓ ࡿ ࢔ ࣞ ࣟ ࢣ ࣑ ࢝ ࣝ ࡛ 㸪౛ ࠼ ࡤ ࢝ ࣓ ࣒ ࢩ 㢮 ࡛ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬࢝ ࣓ ࣒ ࢩ 㢮 ࡢ ከ ࡃ ࡣ ༴ 㝤 ࢆ ᐹ ▱ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ 㸪ኳ ᩛ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡢ ࢔ ࣜ 㢮 ࡢ ㆙ ሗ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡟ ᨃ ែ ࡋ ࡓ ⮯ Ẽ ≀ ㉁㸦 ୺ ࡟ ࢔ ࣝ ࢹ ࣄ ࢻ 㸧ࢆ ศ Ἢ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪࢔ ࣜ ࢆ ᤼ 㝖 ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ㸦Aldrich 1988; ᴬ ཎ 2016㸧㸬ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ࢔ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡣ 㸪ኳ ᩛ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࢔ ࣜ ࠿ ࡽ ㌟ ࢆ Ᏺ ࡗ ࡓ ࡾ 㸪㣵 ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ࢞ ࢆ ㄏ ᘬ ࡋ ࡓ ࡾ ࡍ ࡿ ໬ Ꮫ ᨃ ែ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ฼ ⏝ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸦Fischer 2019㸧㸬㏫ ࡟ 㸪࢝ ࢖ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡣ ཷ ಙ ⪅ ࡀ ฼ ┈ ࢆ ᚓ ࡿ ࢔ ࣞ ࣟ ࢣ ࣑ ࢝ ࣝ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬ࢡ ࣔ ࡣ ᤕ 㣗 ⪅ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪ᤕ 㣗 ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ᪻ ⹸ ➼ ࠿ ࡽ ᨺ ฟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ໬ Ꮫ ⓗ ࡞ ᡭ ࡀ ࠿ ࡾ㸦 ࢟ ࣗ ࣮ 㸧ࡣ Ⴅ ぬ ࡛ ▱ ぬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࢝ ࢖ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪ᤕ 㣗 ᑐ ㇟ ࡢ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡸ ࡑ ࡢ ఩ ⨨ ࢆ ▱ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡟ 㠀 ᖖ ࡟ 㔜せ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ㸦Uhl 2013㸧㸬ࢡ ࣔ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ࢝ ࢖ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡢ ฼ ⏝ ࡣ 㸪࢜ ࢜ ࢶ ࢳ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ Brachypelma vagans (Ausserer)㸪 ࢩ ࣎ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ C. salei㸪 ࢥ ࣔ ࣜ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ Pardosa milvina (Hentz) 㸪 ࣖ ࣐ ࢩ ࣟ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ Scytodes pallida Doleschall㸪 ࣁ ࢚ ࢺ ࣜ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ Portia fimbriata (Doleschall)㸪 Naphrys pulex (Hentz)㸪Evarcha culicivora Wesolowska & Jackson㸪࢝ ࢽ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ Xysticus ferox (Hentz)㸪Xysticus sp.㸪Thomisus spectabilis Doleschall㸪Thomisus sp.㸪࣍ ࢘ ࢩ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ Zodarion rubidum Simon㸪 Habronestes bradleyi (O. P-Cambridge)㸪 ࣄ ࣓ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ࢶ ࣖ ࢡ ࣟ ࢦ ࢣ ࢢ ࣔ 㸪Phylloneta impressa (Koch)㸪 ࢱ ࢼ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ A. aperta㸪 ࢧ ࣛ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ Frontinella pyramitela (Walckenaer)ࡢ 17 ✀ ࡛ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Fischer 2019㸧㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ 㸪 N. pulex, E. culiciyora, X. ferox, Thomisus sp., Z. rubidum ࡛ ࡣ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࡀ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 ᅗ 2㸧㸬

4-2. 㣵 ࢆ ໬ Ꮫ ⓗ ࢟ ࣗ ࣮ ࡛ ᥈ ࡍ ࢡ ࣔ

ࢡ ࣔ ࡀ ᥇ 㣵 ᫬ ࡟ ໬ Ꮫ ⓗ ࢟ ࣗ ࣮ ࢆ ౑ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ 㸪1980 ᖺ ௦ ࡲ ࡛ ࡣ ࡯ ࡜ ࢇ ࡝ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ 㸪1990 ᖺ ௦ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ ࡜ 㸪㣵 ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ⏕ ≀ ࡀ ᨺ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ ໬ Ꮫ ⓗ ࢟ ࣗ ࣮ ࡀ 㸪ᤕ 㣗 ⪅ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᥇ 㣵⾜ ື ࡟ ࡝ ࠺ ᙳ 㡪 ࡍ ࡿ ࠿ ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡋ ࡓ ஦ ౛ ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸦Persons and Uetz 1996㸧㸬

᭱ ึ ࡟ 㸪1997 ᖺ ࡟ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡀ 㣵 ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ⏕ ≀ ࢆ ໬ Ꮫ ⓗ ࢟ ࣗ ࣮ ࡛ ᥈ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ ◊ ✲ 㸦Punzo and Kukoyi 1997㸧 ࢆ ⤂ ௓ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬ㄪ ᰝ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡢ ࡣ 㸪 ࢥ ࣔ ࣜ ࢢ ࣔ ࡢ ୍ ✀ Trochosa parthenus ࡜ 㸪 ࢧ ࢧ ࢢ ࣔ ࡢ ୍ ✀ Oxyopes salticus ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ 2 ✀ 㢮 ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᡂ య 㞤 ࡛ 㸪㣵 ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ⏕ ≀ ࡢ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡀ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ⁫ ᅾ ሙ ᡤ ࡜ ࡑ ࡢ ⁫ ᅾ ᫬ 㛫 ࡟ ࡝ ࠺ ᙳ 㡪 ࡍ ࡿ ࠿ ࡀ ㄪ ᰝ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬ࢡ ࣔ ࡣ 㸲 ᪉ ྥ㸦㣵 ࡢ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࢆ ྵ ࡴ ༊ ⏬ ࡜ ྵ ࡲ ࡞ ࠸ ᑐ ↷ ༊ ⏬ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸧࡟ ⛣ ື ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ሙ ᡤ ࡟ ⨨ ࠿ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬㔝 እ ࡛ ᥇ 㞟 ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࢡ ࣔ ࡣ 㸪⮬ ↛ ⎔ ቃ ୗ ࡛ 㣵 ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ⏕ ≀

(14)

ࡢ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࢆ ྵ ࡴ ༊ ⏬ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪ࡑ ࠺ ࡛ ࡞ ࠸ ሙ ᡤ ࡟ ẚ ࡭ ࡚ 㸪ࡼ ࡾ 㛗 ࠸ ᫬ 㛫 ␃ ࡲ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ 㸪ᐇ 㦂 ᐊ ࡛ 㣫 ⫱ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࢡ ࣔ ࡣ 㸪㣵 ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ⏕ ≀ ࡟ ᥋ ゐ ࡋ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡞ ࠸ ሙ ྜ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪≉ ᐃ ࡢ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡟ ࠼ ࡾ ዲ ࡳ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ 㸪㣵 ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ⏕ ≀ ࡢ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡀ ࠶ ࡗ ࡚ ࡶ ࡞ ࡃ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪ሙ ᡤ ࡈ ࡜ ࡢ ⁫ ᅾ ᫬ 㛫 ࡟ ࡣ ᕪ ࡀ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪ࡇ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ 㣵 ࡢ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ᣲ ື ࡢ 㐪 ࠸ ࡣ 㸪⏕ ᚓ ⓗ ࡟ ࣉ ࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ⾜ ື ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ 㸪ᤕ 㣗 ⤒ 㦂 ࡢ Ꮫ ⩦ ຠ ᯝ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸦Punzo and Kukoyi 1997㸧㸬

ᘬ ࡁ ⥆ ࡁ 㸪㞤 ࡢ ࢶ ࣖ ࢡ ࣟ ࢦ ࢣ ࢢ ࣔ ࡛ ྠ ᵝ ࡢ ◊ ✲ ࡀ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡀ 㣵 ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ⏕ ≀ ࡢ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࢆ ໬ Ꮫ ⓗ ࢟ ࣗ ࣮ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ▱ ぬ ࡋ ࡚ ᥈ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ド ᣐ ࡀ ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ ✚ ࡳ 㔜 ࡡ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ࢶ ࣖ ࢡ ࣟ ࢦ ࢣ ࢢ ࣔ ࡣ ᤕ 㣗 ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ 㣵 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࢥ ࢜ ࣟ ࢠ 㸦Acheta sp.㸧 ࡀ ࠸ ࡓ ᒾ 㸦 ᖹ ᆒ ┤ ᚄ ࡣ 25.5 cm㸧 ࡜ 㸪 ࢥ ࢜ ࣟ ࢠ ࡢ ⁫ ᅾ ᒚ Ṕ ࡀ ࡞ ࠸ ᒾ ࢆ ୚ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡜ 㸪ࢥ ࢜ ࣟ ࢠ ࡢ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࢆ ᡭ ࡀ ࠿ ࡾ ࡟ ࡋ ࡚ ࢥ ࢜ ࣟ ࢠ ࡀ ࠸ ࡓ ᒾ ࢆ ඃ ඛ ࡋ ࡚ 㑅 ࢇ ࡔ 㸦Johnson et al. 2011㸧㸬 ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡀ ぢ ࠸ ࡔ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ඛ ㏙ ࡋ ࡓ ࢩ ࣎ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ C. salei ࡶ ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 㐲 ࡃ ࠿ ࡽ 㣵 ࢆ ぢ ࡘ ࡅ ࡿ ࡢ ࡟ Ⴅ ぬ ࢆ ౑ ࠺ 㸬ࡑ ࡋ ࡚ ⯆ ࿡ ῝ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ 㸪C. salei ࡣ 㸪 ⮬ ㌟ ࡢ ẘ ⭢ ෆ ࡟ ṧ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ẘ ࡢ 㔞 ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᥦ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㣵 ✀ ࡢ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࢆ ࡶ ࡜ ࡟ 㸪ዲ ࡳ ࡢ ᪉ ࢆ 㑅 ᢥ ࡍ ࡿ㸦YHQRPဨRSWLPL]DWLRQ ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ ẘ ࡢ ᭱ 㐺 ໬ 㸧㸬ẘ ⭢ ࡀ ✵ ࡢ ࡜ ࡁ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ẘ ᾮ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ឤ ཷ ᛶ ࡀ 㧗 ࡃ ᑡ 㔞 ࡢ ẘ ࡛ ࡶ 㯞 ⑷ ࡍ ࡿ ࣚ ࣮ ࣟ ࢵ ࣃ ࢖ ࢚ ࢥ ࢜ ࣟ ࢠ Acheta domesticus (Linnaeus) ࡢ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࢆ 㸪ẘ ᾮ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ឤ ཷ ᛶ ࡀ ప ࠸ ࣁ ࢖ ࢖ ࣟ ࢦ ࢟ ࣈ ࣜ Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier) ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ ዲ ࡴ ୍ ᪉ 㸪 ẘ ⭢ ࡀ ẘ ᾮ ࡛ ‶ ࡓ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ 㸪㣵 ࡢ ✀ 㢮 ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ዲ ࡳ ࡣ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ㸦Hostettler and Nentwig 2006㸧㸬 4-3. ࢔ ࣜ 㣗 ᛶ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᤕ 㣗 ά ື 㣵㈨ ※ ࢆ ≉ ᐃ ࡢ ⏕ ≀ ศ 㢮 ⩌ ࡟ ౫ Ꮡ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࢡ ࣔ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ᤕ 㣗 ᑐ ㇟ ✀ ࡀ ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࢆ ฼ ⏝ ࡋ ࡚ ᤕ 㣗 ά ື ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Stowe et al. 1995㸧㸬 ࡓ ࡜ ࠼ ࡤ 㸪 ࢔ ࣜ 㣗 ࡢ ࣁ ࢚ ࢺ ࣜ ࢢ ࣔ ࡢ ୍ ✀ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ N. pulex ࡸ ྠ ࡌ ࡃ ࢔ ࣜ 㣗 ࡢ ࣍ ࢘ ࢩ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ୍ ✀ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ H. bradleyi ࡣ 㸪㣵 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࣄ ࣓ ࢔ ࣜ ᒓ ࡢ Monomorium antarctium White ࡸ ࣁ ࣖ ࣝ ࣜ ࢔ ࣜ ᒓ ࡢ Iridomyrmex purpureus (Smith) ࢆ ぢ ࡘ ࡅ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ࢔ ࣜ ࠿ ࡽ ᨺ ฟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ㆙ ሗ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ㸦㈇ യ ࡋ ࡓ ࠿ 㸪ᕢ ࡢ ᨩ ஘ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡓ ࢔ ࣜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ⏕ ⏘ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸧࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 6-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࣊ ࣉ ࢱ -5-࢚ ࣥ -2-࢜ ࣥ㸦 ࢧ ࣝ ࢝ ࢺ ࣥ 㸧ࢆ ഐ ཷ ࡍ ࡿ ࠸ ࢃ ࡤ ໬ Ꮫ ⓗ ࢫ ࣃ ࢖ ά ື ࢆ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 ᅗ 2a㸧㸬㞝 ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ 㞤 ᡂ య ࡢ N. pulex ࢆ Y Ꮠ ᆺ ࡢ ㏻㊰ ࡢ ௜ ࡅ ᰿ ࡟ 㓄 ⨨ ࡋ 㸪୍ ᪉ ࡢ ὶ ㊰ ࠿ ࡽ N. pulex ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ࢔ ࣜ ࡟ ⏤ ᮶ ࡍ ࡿ ໬ Ꮫ ⓗ ࢟ ࣗ ࣮ 㸦 ࢧ ࣝ ࢝ ࢺ ࣥ 㸧 ࢆ ྵ ࡴ ✵ Ẽ ࢆ ὶ ࡍ 㸬 ࡑ ࠺ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ 㸪N. pulex ࡣ ࢔ ࣜ ࡢ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡀ ࡋ ࡞ ࠸ ᪉ ྥ ࡟ ẚ ࡭ ࡚ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡀ ࡍ ࡿ ㏻㊰ ഃ ࡬ ࡜ ࡼ ࡾ 㢖 ⦾ ࡟ ⛣ ື ࡍ ࡿ 㸬ࣁ ࢚ ࢺ ࣜ ࢢ ࣔ ࡣ どぬ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㣵 ࢆ ぢ ࡘ ࡅ ᕥ ྑ 4 ᑐ ࡢ ║ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ ࡢ 1 ᑐ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ୺ ║ ࡜ ࿧ ࡤ ࢀ ࡿ ║ ࡛ 㣵 ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ㊥㞳 ࢆ ぢ ✚ ࡶ ࡾ 㸪㊴㌍ ࡋ ࡚ 㣵 ࢆ ᤕ ࡽ ࠼ ࡿ くものいと, No. 54 (March 2021)

(15)

࡜ ࠸ ࠺ 㸪㧗 ᗘ ࡟ どぬ ࡟ ౫ Ꮡ ࡋ ࡓ ᤕ 㣗 ࢆ ᚓ ព ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ㸦 ౛ ࠼ ࡤ Nagata et al. 2012㸹 Ọ ⏣ ࡽ 2013㸧㸬ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ሗ ࿌ ࡣ 㸪ࣁ ࢚ ࢺ ࣜ ࢢ ࣔ ࡀ㸦 ࡑ ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡑ ࡽ ࡃ ࣍ ࢘ ࢩ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡶ 㸧どぬ ⓗ ࢟ ࣗ ࣮ ࡢ ࡳ ࡞ ࡽ ࡎ 㣵 ࠿ ࡽ ᨺ ฟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ໬ Ꮫ ⓗ ࢟ ࣗ ࣮ ࢆ ࡶ ⿵ ຓ ⓗ ࡟ ⤌ ࡳ ྜ ࢃ ࡏ ࡚ ά ⏝ ࡋ 㸪ࡼ ࡾ ຠ ⋡ ⓗ ࡞ ᤕ 㣗 ά ື ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Allan et al. 1996; Clark et al. 2000㸧㸬

࣍ ࢘ ࢩ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ୍ ✀ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ Z. rubidum ࡣ ࢔ ࣜ ࢆ ᑓ 㣗 ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 Zodarion rubidum ࡀ ࢔ ࣜ ࠿ ࡽ ᨺ ฟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ᥹ Ⓨ ᛶ ࡢ ໬ Ꮫ ⓗ ࢟ ࣗ ࣮ ࢆ ฼ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ࠿ ࢆ ☜ ࠿ ࡵ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪࢜ ࢜ ࢔ ࣜ ᒓ ࡢ Camponotus ligniperda (Latreille)㸪ࢣ ࢔ ࣜ ᒓ ࡢLasius platythorax Seifert㸪ࣖ ࣐ ࢔ ࣜ ᒓ ࡢ Formica rufibarbis Fabricius㸪 ࢡ ࣟ ࢼ ࢞ ࢔ ࣜ ᒓ ࡢ Messor structor (Latreille) 㸪 ࢡ ࢩ ࢣ ࢔ ࣜ ᒓ ࡢ Myrmica scabrinodis Nylander㸪ࢩ ࣡ ࢔ ࣜ ᒓ ࡢ ࢺ ࣅ ࢖ ࣟ ࢩ ࣡ ࢔ ࣜ㸦 Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus)㸧 ࡢ 6 ✀ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ ⏕ ≀ ᳨ ᐃ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࡜ ࡇ ࢁ 㸪 Z. rubidum ࡣ 㸪 F. rufibarbis ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ L. platythorax ࡢ 2 ✀ ࡢ ࡳ ࡟ ᘬ ࡁ ௜ ࡅ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ୧ ✀ ࡣ ඹ ࡟ ࣖ ࣐ ࢔ ࣜ ள ⛉ ࡢ ࢔ ࣜ ࡛ 㸪஫ ࠸ ࡟ ㏆ ⦕ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬໬ Ꮫ ⓗ ࢟ ࣗ ࣮ ࡢ ᨺ ฟ ※ ࡣ ࠾ ࡑ ࡽ ࡃ ࢔ ࣜ ࡢ ⭡ 㒊 ࡟ ࠶ ࡿ ࢹ ࣗ ࣇ ࢛ ࣮ ⭢(␯ Ỉ ᛶ ໬ ྜ ≀ ࢆ ศ Ἢ ࡍ ࡿ )࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪Z. rubidum ࡣ ࢔ ࣜ ࡢ 㞟 ྜ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࠶ ࡿ ࠸ ࡣ 㐨 ࡋ ࡿ ࡭ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࢆ ࢝ ࢖ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ฼ ⏝ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ᥎ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬࢔ ࣜ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ ࡇ ࡢ 2 ᒓ ࡢ ໬ Ꮫ ⓗ ࢟ ࣗ ࣮ ࡢ ࡳ ࡋ ࠿ ㄆ ㆑ ࡋ ࡞ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪Z. rubidum ࡣ ᤕ 㣗 ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㧗 ࠸ 㑅 ᢥ ᛶ ࢆ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ᥎ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Cárdenas et al. 2012㸧㸬 ௨ ୗ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ ࢔ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ㸦 Ⓨ ಙ ⪅ ࡟ ┈ 㸧࡟ ศ 㢮 ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡜ ࢔ ࣜ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࢡ ࣔ ࡜ ࢞ ࡢ ஧ ࡘ ࡢ ࢺ ࣆ ࢵ ࢡ ࢫ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㏙ ࡭ ࡿ 㸬 4-4. ዲ ⽥ ᛶ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ໬ Ꮫ ᨃ ែ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ୰ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪࢔ ࣜ ࡜ ῝ ࡃ 㛵 ࢃ ࡿ ⏕ ά ྐ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ ࡶ ࡢ ࡀ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪≉ ᐃ ࡢ ᐟ ୺ ࢔ ࣜ ࡟ ᐤ ⏕ ࡞ ࠸ ࡋ ඹ ⏕ ࡍ ࡿ ⏕ ែ㸦 ዲ ⽥ ᛶ 㸧ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࢡ ࣔ ࡣ ዲ ⽥ ᛶ ࢡ ࣔ ࡜ ⥲ ⛠ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬Cushing㸦 2012㸧ࡣ 㸪࢔ ࣜ ࡢ ᕢ ෆ ࡛ Ⓨ ぢ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ዲ ⽥ ᛶ ࢡ ࣔ ࡀ 10 ✀ ࡟ ࡢ ࡰ ࡿ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬࢔ ࣜ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ᙉ ຊ ࡞ ᤕ 㣗 ⪅ ࡢ ࢥ ࣟ ࢽ ࣮ ࡸ ࡑ ࡢ ࿘ ㎶ ࡟ ⏕ ᜥ ࡋ 㸪࢔ ࣜ ࡟ ᐤ ⏕ ࡍ ࡿ ዲ ⽥ ᛶ ⏕ ≀ ࡣ 㸪࢔ ࣜ ࡜ ྠ ࡌ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ≀ ㉁ ࢆ ศ Ἢ ࡋ ࡓ ࡾ ࢔ ࣜ ࡢ య ⾲ ࠿ ࡽ Ⅳ ໬ Ỉ ⣲ ࢆ ዣ ࡗ ࡚ ㌟ ࡟ ࡲ ࡜ ࡗ ࡓ ࡾ ࡍ ࡿ ໬ Ꮫ ᨃ ែ ࡛ ㌟ ࢆ Ᏺ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ ዲ ⽥ ᛶ ⏕ ≀ ࡛ ᗈ ࡃ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ⏕ ែ ࡢ ౛ ࡟ ₃ ࢀ ࡎ 㸪ዲ ⽥ ᛶ ࢡ ࣔ ࡶ ໬ Ꮫ ᨃ ែ ࡛ ࢔ ࣜ ࢆ 㦄 ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

౛ ࠼ ࡤ 㸪ࣁ ࢚ ࢺ ࣜ ࢢ ࣔ 㢮 ࡢ Cosmophasis bitaeniata (Keyserling) ࡣ 㸪ࢶ ࣒ ࢠ ࢔ ࣜ Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricius ࡢ ᕢ ࡢ ୰ ࡟ ఫ ࡳ 㸪 ᐟ ୺ ࢔ ࣜ ࡢ ᗂ ⹸ ࢆ 㣗 ࡭ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࢶ ࣒ ࢠ ࢔ ࣜ ࡢ ാ ࡁ ࢔ ࣜ ࡣ 㸪ᗂ ⹸ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ⏕ ⏘ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ⣒ ࡜ ⴥ ࢆ ⤖ ྜ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ᕢ ࢆ ࡘ ࡃ ࡿ 㸬ᡂ ⇍ ࡋ ࡓ ࢥ ࣟ ࢽ ࣮ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪100,000 ࠥ500,000 ಶ య ࡢ ാ ࡁ ࢔ ࣜ ࡀ ྵ ࡲ ࢀ ࡿ ሙ ྜ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ 㸦 Hölldobler and Wilson 1978㸧㸪12 ᮏ ࡢ ᮌ ࡟ 150 ࡶ ࡢ ᕢ ࢆ ᵓ ⠏ ࡋ ࡓ ౛ ࡶ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ㸦 Way 1954㸧㸬

(16)

୺ せ ࡞ ാ ࡁ ࢔ ࣜ ࡣ ௚ ࡢ ✀ ࡢ 㸪ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ ㏆㞄 ࡢ ࢥ ࣟ ࢽ ࣮ ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ ྠ ✀ ࡢ ౵ ධ ⪅ ࠿ ࡽ ࢥ ࣟ ࢽ ࣮ ࢆ ✚ ᴟ ⓗ ࡟ Ᏺ ࡿ 㸦Hölldobler 1983; Dejean 1990; Keegans et al. 1991㸧 ࡀ 㸪C. bitaeniata ࡣ 㸪 ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ാ ࡁ ࢔ ࣜ ࠿ ࡽ ᳨ ▱ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡞ ࡃ ࢔ ࣜ ࡢ ᕢ ࡟ ධ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸬♫ ఍ ᛶ ᪻ ⹸ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࢔ ࣜ ࡣ 㸪ᩛ ࢆ ࿡ ᪉ ࠿ ࡽ ༊ ู ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ య ⾲ Ⅳ ໬ Ỉ ⣲ ࢆ ྠ ᕢ ಶ య ࡢ ㄆ ㆑ ࡟ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ◊ ✲ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ 㸦 ౛ ࠼ ࡤ Ozaki et al. 2005㸹 ᑿ ᓮ ࣭ す ⏣ 2007㸧 ࡀ 㸪 C. bitaeniata ࡣ ࡇ ࢀ ࢆ ḭ ࡃ ᪉ ἲ ࢆ ᕦ ࡳ ࡟ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ ⏕ ែ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ 㸬Cosmophasis bitaeniata ࡢ య ⾲ ࡣ ࣔ ࣀ ࢔ ࣝ ࢝ ࣥ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࢪ ࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࢔ ࣝ ࢝ ࣥ ࡛ そ ࢃ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ໬ ྜ ≀ ⩌ ࡣ ࢶ ࣒ ࢠ ࢔ ࣜ ࡀ ྠ ᕢ ಶ య ࡢ ㄆ ㆑ ࡟ ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ య ⾲ Ⅳ ໬ Ỉ ⣲ ࡢ ⤌ ᡂ ࡟ 㓞 ఝ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ 㸬ᐇ 㝿㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ య ⾲ ࠿ ࡽ ᢳ ฟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ Ⅳ ໬ Ỉ ⣲ ࢆ ാ ࡁ ࢔ ࣜ ࡟ ㄆ ㆑ ࡉ ࡏ ࡚ ࡶ ࢔ ࣜ ࡣ ᨷ ᧁ ⓗ ࡞ ཯ ᛂ ࢆ ♧ ࡉ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪C. bitaeniata ࡣ ๓ ㏙ ࡢ ໬ ྜ ≀ ⩌ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ ໬ Ꮫ ᨃ ែ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࢶ ࣒ ࢠ ࢔ ࣜ ࢆ ḭ ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ㸦Allan et al. 2002㸧㸬Cosmophasis bitaeniata ࡢ య ⾲ ࢆ そ ࠺ య ⾲ Ⅳ ໬ Ỉ ⣲ ࡣ 㸪 ᝟ ሗ ໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ 㸪Ⓨ ಙ ⪅㸦C. bitaeniata㸧࡟ ┈ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࢔ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡳ ࡞ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬࡞ ࠾ C. bitaeniata ࡀ ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ໬ ྜ ≀ ⩌ ࢆ ᚓ ࡿ ᡭ ẁ ࡣ 㸪ᡂ య ࡢ ࢶ ࣒ ࢠ ࢔ ࣜ ࡬ ࡢ ≀ ⌮ ⓗ ࡞ ᥋ ゐ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ 㸪ᗂ ⹸ ࡢ ࢶ ࣒ ࢠ ࢔ ࣜ ࡢ ᤕ 㣗 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ศ ࠿ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ㸦Elgar and Allan 2004㸧㸬Cosmophasis bitaeniata ࡀ ᗂ ⹸ ࡢ ࢶ ࣒ ࢠ ࢔ ࣜ ࢆ ᤕ 㣗 ࡍ ࡿ 㝿 ࡟ ࡣ 㸪ᗂ ⹸ ࢆ ᣢ ࡕ Ṍ ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ാ ࡁ ࢔ ࣜ ࡢ ゐゅ ࡜ 㢌㒊 ࡟ ๓ ⬮ ࡛ ゐ ࢀ ࡚ 㸪 ാ ࡁ ࢔ ࣜ ࡀ ᗂ ⹸ ࢆ ᨺ ࡍ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ാ ࡁ ࢔ ࣜ ࢆ ่ ⃭ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬୍ ᪉ 㸪ᤕ 㣗 ࡍ ࡿ ᫬ ௨ እ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪 ാ ࡁ ࢔ ࣜ ࡜ ࡢ ┤ ᥋ ⓗ ࡞ ᥋ ゐ ࢆ 㑊 ࡅ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Elgar and Allan 2006㸧㸬

ዲ ⽥ ᛶ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ㉳ ※ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ⯆ ࿡ ῝ ࠸ ほ ᐹ ౛ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬ࣁ ࢩ ࣜ ࣁ ࣜ ࢔ ࣜ ࡢ ୍ ✀ Leptogenys processionalis (Jerdon) ࡜ ୍ ⥴ ࡟ ぢ ࡘ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࢱ ࣐ ࢦ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ୍ ✀ Gamasomorpha maschwitzi Wunderlich ࡣ 㸪 ࢔ ࣜ ࡢ ⫼ ୰ ࡟ ஌ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ᐟ ୺ ࡢ ୗ ࢔ ࢦ ࠿ ࡽ ┤ ᥋ 㣗 ≀ ࢆ ዣ ࠸ ྲྀ ࡿ ປ ാ ᐤ ⏕ ⪅ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࢱ ࣐ ࢦ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡸ ࢧ ࣛ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪㠀 ᖖ ࡟ ᑠ ࡉ ࡞ ࢡ ࣔ 㸦㏻ ᖖ 5 mm ᮍ ‶ 㸧 ࡀ ྵ ࡲ ࢀ 㸪 ࢔ ࣜ ࡢ ᕢ ࡢ ୰ ࡟ ࡇ ࡗ ࡑ ࡾ ࡜ ᚸ ࡧ ㎸ ࡴ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸬࠸ ࡃ ࡘ ࠿ ࡢ ✀ ࡢ ࢱ ࣐ ࢦ ࢢ ࣔ 㢮 ࡣ 㸪௚ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ⥙ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪᪻ ⹸ ࡢ ࠿ ࡍ ࢆ 㣗 ࡭ ࡚ ᤲ 㝖 ࡍ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ᣦ ᦬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Witte et al. 1999㸧㸬ࡲ ࡓ 㸪࢔ ࣜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ᨷ ᧁ ࠿ ࡽ ㌟ ࢆ Ᏺ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸪⭡ 㒊 ࢆ そ ࠺ ◳ ࠸ ┪ ᯈ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ᙧ ែ Ꮫ ⓗ 㐺 ᛂ ࢆ ᭷ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ⾜ ື ⓗ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ⏕ ែ Ꮫ ⓗ ≉ ᚩ ࡣ 㸪࢔ ࣜ ࡢ ࢥ ࣟ ࢽ ࣮ ෆ ࡛ ࡢ ዲ ⽥ ᛶ ⏕ ά ᵝ ᘧ ࢆ ⋓ ᚓ ࡍ ࡿ ୖ ࡛ ࡢ ๓ 㐺 ᛂ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㔜せ ࡔ ࡗ ࡓ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸦Cushing 2012㸧㸬 4-5. ໬ Ꮫ ⓗ 㜵 ᚚ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ᨷ ᧁ ⓗ ໬ Ꮫ ᨃ ែ 㐀 ⥙ ᛶ ࢡ ࣔ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪⥙ ࡟ ࢔ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࢆ ሬ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ 㸪࢔ ࣜ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ໬ Ꮫ ⓗ 㜵 ᚚ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࡶ ࡢ ࡀ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࢪ ࣙ ࣟ ࢘ ࢢ ࣔ ᒓ ࡢ ࣐ ࢲ ࣛ ࢪ ࣙ ࣟ ࢘ ࢢ ࣔ Triconephila antipodiana (Walckenaer) ࡢ ᡂ య ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ኱ ᆺ ࡢ ᗂ య ࡣ 㸪࢔ ࣜ ࡢ ౵ ධ ࠿ ࡽ ⥙ ࢆ ಖ ㆤ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ⥙ ࡢ ⣒ ࡟ ࣆ ࣟ ࣜ ࢪ ࣥ-2-࢜ ࣥ㸦 2-ࣆ ࣟ ࣜ ࢪ ࣀ ࣥ 㸧㸦 ᅗ 3a㸧ࢆ ௜ ╔ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ 㸬2- ࣆ ࣟ ࣜ ࢪ ࣀ ࣥ ࡣ ࣇ ࢱ ࣇ ࢩ ࢔ ࣜ ள ⛉ ࢩ ࣜ ࢔ ࢤ ࢔ ࣜ ᒓ ࡢ ୍ ✀ くものいと, No. 54 (March 2021)

(17)

Crematogaster gerstaeckeri sjostedti Mayr ࡀ 㢡 ୗ ⭢ 㸦 ከ ࡃ ࡢ ࢔ ࣜ ✀ ࡛ ㆙ ሗ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࢆ ศ Ἢ ࡍ ࡿ 㸧࠿ ࡽ ศ Ἢ ࡍ ࡿ ㆙ ሗ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪࣐ ࢲ ࣛ ࢪ ࣙ ࣟ ࢘ ࢢ ࣔ ࡢ ᑠ ᆺ ࡢ ᗂ య ࡢ ⥙ ࠿ ࡽ ࡣ 2-ࣆ ࣟ ࣜ ࢪ ࣀ ࣥ ࡣ ᳨ ฟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ᑠ ᆺ ࡢ ᗂ య ࡢ ሙ ྜ ࡟ 2-ࣆ ࣟ ࣜ ࢪ ࣀ ࣥ ࡀ ሬ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ⌮ ⏤ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪⥙ ࡣ ࢔ ࣜ ࡀ ౵ ධ ࡍ ࡿ ࡟ ࡣ ࠶ ࡲ ࡾ ࡟ ᑠ ࡉ ࠸ ࡓ ࡵ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࠿ ࡜ ᥎ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪2-ࣆ ࣟ ࣜ ࢪ ࣀ ࣥ ࡣ ⣒ ࡢ ᡂ ศ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ ࡢ ༢ ⣧ ࡞ ๪ ⏘ ≀ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࢃ ࡅ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ 㸪ኳ ᩛ㸦 ࢔ ࣜ 㸧ࡢ ⬣ ጾ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ 㐺 ᛂ ཯ ᛂ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸦Zhang et al. 2012㸧㸬 ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ ᭱ ㏆ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ࢔ ࣓ ࣜ ࢝ ࢪ ࣙ ࣟ ࢘ ࢢ ࣔ Triconephila clavipes (Linnaeus) ࡢ ⥙ ࡶ ࢔ ࣜ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ᚷ 㑊 స ⏝ ࢆ ᣢ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ࡢ ሗ ࿌ ࡶ ࡞ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 ࡓ ࡔ ࡋ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ ྠ ᐃ ࡟ ࡣ ⮳ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ 㸧㸦Knowlton and Kamath 2018㸧㸬

୍ ᪉ 㸪໬ Ꮫ ≀ ㉁ ࢆ ᥇ 㣵 ࡟ ฼ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ࢡ ࣔ ࡶ ᑡ ࡞ ࠿ ࡽ ࡎ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬ࡑ ࡢ ௦ ⾲ ࡣ ໭ ⡿ ࡟ ᗈ ࡃ ศ ᕸ ࡍ ࡿ ࢼ ࢤ ࢼ ࣡ ࢢ ࣔ 㢮 ࡛ 㸪㞤 ࡢ ࢼ ࢤ ࢼ ࣡ ࢢ ࣔ Mastophora hutchinsoni Gertsch ࡣ ⢓ ╔ ᛶ ࡢ ⣒㸦 ᢞ ࡆ ⦖ 㸧࡛ ࢖ ࣛ ࢡ ࢧ ࢠ ࣥ ࢘ ࣡ ࣂ Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ 㝈 ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ✀ ࡢ ࢞ ࡢ 㞝 ࡢ ࡳ ࢆ ᥇ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪ࡇ ࡢ ࡜ ࡁ 㸪࢞ ࡢ 㞝 ࡣ ⮬ ࡽ ࢡ ࣔ ࡟ ᐤ ࡗ ࡚ ࡃ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 ౛ ࠼ ࡤ Eberhard 1977㸧㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ࡣ 㸪㞤 ࡢ M. hutchinsoni ࡀ 㞝 ࡢ ࢞ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ྠ ࡌ ໬ ྜ ≀ ࢆ ᨺ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ 㞝 ࡢ ࢞ ࡀ ㄏ ᘬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪ࡑ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ໬ ྜ ≀ ࡣ ࢔ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᶵ ⬟ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ᮏ ✀ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪㓑㓟(Z)-ࢸ ࢺ ࣛ ࢹ ࢝ -9-࢚ ࣥ -1-࢖ ࣝ㸦㓑㓟 (Z)-9-ࢸ ࢺ ࣛ ࢹ ࢭ ࢽ ࣝ 㸧࡞ ࡝4 ✀ 㢮 ࡢ ࢔ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡀ ྠ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ㸦 ᅗ 3b㸧㸦Gemeno et al. 2000㸧㸬 ࢼ ࢤ ࢼ ࣡ ࢢ ࣔ ࡢ ሙ ྜ 㸪ከ ࡃ ࡢ ࢞ ࡀ ඹ ㏻ ࡋ ࡚ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡟ ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ໬ ྜ ≀ ࢆ ⏕ ྜ ᡂ ࡋ ࡚ ᨺ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ 㸪ᵝ ࠎ ࡞ ࢞ ࡢ 㞝 ࢆ ㄏ ᘬ ࡋ ࡚ ᤕ 㣗 ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 ౛ ࠼ ࡤ Olsen et al. 2011㸧㸬 Stowe et al.㸦 1987㸧 ࡣ 㸪 ࢔ ࣓ ࣜ ࢝ ⏘ ࡢ ᡂ య 㞤 ࢼ ࢤ ࢼ ࣡ ࢢ ࣔ Mastophora cornigera (Hentz) ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ࢡ ࣔ ࡣ 㣵 ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ࢞ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡟ ໬ Ꮫ ᨃ ែ ࡋ ࡓ ≀ ㉁㸪 ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ 㓑㓟(Z)-9-ࢸ ࢺ ࣛ ࢹ ࢭ ࢽ ࣝ 㸦 ᅗ 3b㸧㸪 (Z)-ࢸ ࢺ ࣛ ࢹ ࢝ -9-࢚ ࢼ ࣮ ࣝ 㸦 (Z)-9-ࢸ ࢺ ࣛ ࢹ ࢭ ࢼ ࣮ ࣝ 㸧㸪 ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ (Z)-࣊ ࢟ ࢧ ࢹ ࢝ -11-࢚ ࢼ ࣮ ࣝ㸦 (Z)-11-࣊ ࢟ ࢧ ࢹ ࢭ ࢼ ࣮ ࣝ 㸧㸦 ᅗ 3c㸧ࢆ ศ Ἢ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪ㄪ ᰝ ᮇ 㛫 ୰ ࡟ 8 ✀ ࡢ ࢞ ࡢ 㞝 ࡢ ࡳ ࢆ ㄏ ᘬ ࡋ ࡚ ᤕ 㣗 ࡋ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ሗ ࿌ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ᤕ 㣗 ⪅ ࡀ ⿕㣗 ⪅ ࢆ ᤕ ࡽ ࠼ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᨃ ែ ࢆ ࣌ ࢵ ࢝ ࣒ ᆺ ᨃ ែ ࡜ ࿧ ࡧ 㸪ࢼ ࢤ ࢼ ࣡ ࢢ ࣔ ࡣ 㣵 ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ࢞ ࢆ 㦄 ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡧ ࡁ ᐤ ࡏ ࡿ ࣌ ࢵ ࢝ ࣒ ᆺ ࡢ ໬ Ꮫ ᨃ ែ ࢆ ఍ ᚓ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ 㸪ࢼ ࢤ ࢼ ࣡ ࢢ ࣔ ࡀ ≉ ᐃ ࡢ ࢞ ࡢ ࡳ ࢆ 㣵 ࡟ ࡋ ࡓ ሙ ྜ 㸪㣵 ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ࢞ ࡢ Ⓨ ⏕ ࿘ ᮇ ࡸ ಶ య ᐦ ᗘ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࡣ 㛗 ᮇ 㛫 ࡢ 㣚㣹 ≧ ែ ࢆ ᙉ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬ࢼ ࢤ ࢼ ࣡ ࢢ ࣔ ࡀ ᕦ ጁ ࡞ ࡢ ࡣ 㸪≉ ᐃ ࡢ ࢞ ࡢ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࢆ ᏶ ඲ ࡟ ᶍ ೌ ࡍ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ 㸪ከ ࡃ ࡢ ࢞ ࡀ ඹ ㏻ ࡋ ࡚ ᛶ ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ᡂ ศ ࡟ ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ໬ ྜ ≀ ⩌ ࢆ 㐺 ᙜ ࡟ ΰ ྜ ࡋ ࡚ ศ Ἢ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ 㸪㣵 ࡀ ≉ ᐃ ࡢ ✀ ࡟ ೫ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ㉳ ࡇ ࡿ 㣚㣹 ࢆ ᅇ 㑊 ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ㸦Haynes et al. 2002㸧㸬᪥ ᮏ ࡟ ࡶ ࢼ ࢤ ࢼ ࣡ ࢢ ࣔ ࡢ ㏆ ⦕ ✀ ࡀ ⏕ ᜥ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ໬ Ꮫ ⏕ ែ Ꮫ ⓗ ࡞ ഃ 㠃 ࡣ ࡝ ࡇ ࡲ ࡛ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡔ ࢁ ࠺ ࠿ 㸬 ᮏ 㑥 ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪࢔ ࣓ ࣜ ࢝ ࡢ ࢼ ࢤ ࢼ ࣡ ࢢ ࣔ ࡜ ఝ ࡓ ᢞ ࡆ ⥙ ⾜ ື ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࣒ ࢶ ࢺ

(18)

ᅗ 2. ࢝ ࢖ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ 㸬 (a) Naphrys pulex ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ Habronestes bradleyi: 6-࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࣊ ࣉ ࢺ -5-࢚

ࣥ-2-࢜ ࣥ (ࢧ ࣝ ࢝ ࢺ ࣥ Sulcatone); (b) Evarcha culicivora: (1R, 9S,E)-4,11,11-ࢺ ࣜ ࣓ ࢳ ࣝ -8-࣓ ࢳ ࣞ ࣥ ࣅ ࢩ ࢡ ࣟ [7.2.0]࢘ ࣥ ࢹ ࢝ -4-࢚ ࣥ ((E)-ȕ-࢝ ࣜ ࢜ ࣇ ࢕ ࣞ ࣥ ) (ᕥ ), (1E,4E,8E)-2,6,6,9-ࢸ ࢺ ࣛ ࣓ ࢳ ࣝ ࢩ ࢡ ࣟ ࢘ ࣥ ࢹ ࢝ -1,4,8-ࢺ ࣜ ࢚ ࣥ Į-ࣇ ࣒ ࣞ ࣥ ), 1,3,3-ࢺ ࣜ ࣓ ࢳ ࣝ 2࢜ ࢟ ࢧ ࣅ ࢩ ࢡ ࣟ [2.2.2]࢜ ࢡ ࢱ ࣥ (1,8ࢩ ࢿ ࢜ ࣮ ࣝ ) (ྑ ); (c) Xysticus ferox: (E)ࢹ ࢝ -2-࢚ ࢼ ࣮ ࣝ (ᕥ ) ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ (E)-࢜ ࢡ ࢺ --2-࢚ ࢼ ࣮ ࣝ (ྑ ); (d) Thomisus sp.: 4-࢔ ࣜ ࣝ -2-࣓ ࢺ ࢟ ࢩ ࣇ ࢙ ࣀ ࣮ ࣝ (࢜ ࢖ ࢤ ࣀ ࣮ ࣝ ); (e) Zodarion rubidum: 㓑㓟 ࢹ ࢩ ࣝ (ᕥ ) ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࢘ ࣥ ࢹ ࢝ ࣥ (ྑ ). (a) (b) O CH₃ C H₂ CH₃ CH₃ H H CH₃ C H₃ C H₃ C H₃ O CH₃ CH₃ C H₃ (c) O (d) O H O C H₃ (e) O O O くものいと, No. 54 (March 2021)

(19)

ᅗ 3. ࢔ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ 㸬 (a) Triconephila antipodiana (࢔ ࣜ ࢆ ᢚ Ṇ ࡍ ࡿ ): ࣆ ࣟ ࣜ ࢪ ࣥ -2-࢜ ࣥ ; (b)

Mastophora hutchinsoni ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ Mastophora cornigera (࢞ ࢆ ㄏ ᘬ ࡍ ࡿ ): 㓑㓟 (Z)-ࢸ ࢺ ࣛ ࢹ ࢝-9-࢚ ࣥ -1-࢖ ࣝ (ୖ ẁ ), 㓑㓟 (9Z,12E)-ࢸ ࢺ ࣛ ࢹ ࢝ -9,12-ࢪ ࢚ ࣥ -1-࢖ ࣝ , (2R,3S)-2-((Z)-࣌ ࣥ ࢱ-2- ࢚ ࣥ -1- ࢖ ࣝ )-3-((Z)- ࢸ ࢺ ࣛ ࢹ ࢝ -2- ࢚ ࣥ -1- ࢖ ࣝ ) ࢜ ࢟ ࢩ ࣛ ࣥ , ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ (3Z,6Z,9Z)- ࣊ ࢽ ࢥ ࢧ -3,6,9-ࢺ ࣜ ࢚ ࣥ (ୗ ẁ ); (c) Mastophora cornigera (࢞ ࢆ ㄏ ᘬ ࡍ ࡿ ): (Z)-ࢸ ࢺ ࣛ ࢹ ࢝ -9-࢚ ࢼ ࣮ ࣝ ((Z)-9-ࢸ ࢺ ࣛ ࢹ ࢭ ࢼ ࣮ ࣝ ) (ୖ ẁ ), (Z)-࣊ ࢟ ࢧ ࢹ ࢝ -11-࢚ ࢼ ࣮ ࣝ ((Z)-11-࣊ ࢟ ࢧ ࢹ ࢭ ࢼ ࣮ ࣝ ) (ୗ ẁ ). (a) N H O (b) O O O O O (c)

O

(20)

ࢤ ࢖ ࢭ ࢟ ࢢ ࣔOrdgarius sexspinosus (Thorell) ࡀ 5 ✀ 㢮 ࡢ 㞝 ࡢ ࢞ ࢆ ᤕ ⋓ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡲ ࡓ ᤕ 㣗 ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࢞ ࡢ ✀ 㢮 ࠿ ࡽ ᡂ ศ ࡢ ᥎ ᐃ ࡀ ヨ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪᪥ ᮏ ࡢ ࣒ ࢶ ࢺ ࢤ ࢖ ࢭ ࢟ ࢢ ࣔ ࡣ ࢔ ࣓ ࣜ ࢝ ࡢ ࢼ ࢤ ࢼ ࣡ ࢢ ࣔ ࡜ ྠ ࡌ ᡂ ศ㸦㓑㓟(Z)-9-ࢸ ࢺ ࣛ ࢹ ࢭ ࢽ ࣝ 㸧 ࢆ ྵ ࡴ ΰ ྜ ≀ ࢆ ౑ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ᣦ ᦬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ㸦 ྜྷ ⏣ 2012㸧㸬௒ ᚋ 㸪࣒ ࢶ ࢺ ࢤ ࢖ ࢭ ࢟ ࢢ ࣔ ࡀ ࢞ ࡢ 㞝 ࢆ ㄏ ᘬ ࡍ ࡿ ᡂ ศ ࡢ ྠ ᐃ ࡀ ࡞ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ኱ ࠸ ࡟ ᮇ ᚅ ࡋ ࡓ ࠸ 㸬 5. ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ච ␿ ࡜ ᢠ ⳦ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ච ␿ ⣔ ࡣ ௚ ࡢ ࡍ ࡭ ࡚ ࡢ ⠇ ㊊ ື ≀ ࡜ ྠ ᵝ ࡟ ゎ ᨺ ⾑ ⟶ ⣔ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪య ᾮ ࡣ ࣜ ࣥ ࣃ ⟶ ࡜ య ⭍ ࡢ 㛫 ࢆ ⮬ ⏤ ࡟ ື ࡃ㸦Wirkner and Huckstorf 2013㸧㸬ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ య ᾮ ࠿ ࡽ ࡣ 㸪ࢹ ࢕ ࣇ ࢙ ࣥ ࢩ ࣥ 㸪ࢢ ࣜ ࢩ ࣥ ࣜ ࢵ ࢳ࣭࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ 㸪ᑠ ᆺ ࢜ ࣮ ࣉ ࣥ ࢚ ࣥ ࢻ ⎔ ≧ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ 㸪࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࣊ ࣔ ࢩ ࢔ ࢽ ࣥ ᩿ ∦ ࡢ 4 ✀ 㢮 ࡢ ᢠ ⳦ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡀ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ㸦Kuhn-Nentwig and Nentwig 2013㸧㸬ࢡ ࣔ ࡟ ㏆ ⦕ ࡞ ࢝ ࣈ ࢺ ࢞ ࢽ Tachypleus tridentatus (Leach) ࡛ ࡣ ᢠ ⳦ ά ᛶ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ ࠸ ࡃ ࡘ ࡶ ࡢ ໬ ྜ ≀ ࡀ ぢ ࡘ ࠿ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡢ 㸦Iwanaga and Lee 2005㸧㸪 ࢡ ࣔ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡟ ࢃ ࡎ ࠿ ࡞ ≀ ㉁ ࡋ ࠿ グ㘓 ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ 㸦Silva et al. 2000; Lorenzini et al. 2003; Baumann et al. 2010a, b㸧㸬 5-1. ᢠ ⳦ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡢ ⌧ ᅾ ᢠ ⳦ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡣ ከ ⣽ ⬊ ⏕ ≀ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ⮬ ↛ ච ␿ ཯ ᛂ ࡢ ୍ ✀ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᶵ ⬟ ࡋ 㸪⑓ ཎ ᛶ ᚤ ⏕ ≀ ࡢ ά ື ࢆ ᢚ ไ ࡋ ᐟ ୺ ࢆ Ᏺ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸪ࡑ ࡢ ྡ ࡢ ㏻ ࡾ ᢠ ⳦ ά ᛶ ࢆ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬ᢠ ⳦ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡣ ᚑ ᮶ ࡢ ᢠ ⏕ ≀ ㉁ ࡟ ௦ ࢃ ࡿ ἞ ⒪ ⸆ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡢ ᮇ ᚅ ࡀ 㧗 ࡃ 㸪ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡟ Ⓨ ぢ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ᢠ ⳦ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡢ ✀ ᩘ ࡣ ඃ ࡟ 㸲 ᱆ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ㸦 ౛ ࠼ ࡤ ᒾ ᐊ 2009; Phoenix et al. 2012; Bahar and Ren 2013㸧㸬 ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ௒ ࡢ ࡜ ࡇ ࢁ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᢠ ⳦ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࢆ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࡛ ゎㄝ ࡋ ࡓ グ ஦ ࡣ ぢ ᙜ ࡓ ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ᢠ ⳦ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡟ ࡣ ᢠ ⳦ ᛶ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ᑐ ㇟ ᚤ ⏕ ≀ ✀ ࡀ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ 」 ᩘ ࡢ ᢠ ⳦ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡀ ぢ ฟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 ౛ ࠼ ࡤ Kuhn-Nentwig and Nentwig 2013㸧㸬 ຍ ࠼ ࡚ య ෆ ࡢ ࡳ ࡞ ࡽ ࡎ ⥙ ࡢ ⣒ ࡟ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࢆ ♧ ၀ ࡍ ࡿ ⯆ ࿡ ῝ ࠸ ◊ ✲ ࡶ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 5-2. ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ య ᾮ ࡟ ྵ ࡲ ࢀ ࡿ ᢠ ⳦ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ 㢮 ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ య ᾮ ⏤ ᮶ ࡢ ᢠ ⳦ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ௨ ୗ 㸪 ⡆ ༢ ࡟ ⤂ ௓ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࢹ ࢕ ࣇ ࢙ ࣥ ࢩ ࣥ㸦defensin㸧ࡣ ᑠ ᆺ ࡢ ୧ ぶ ፹ ᛶ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡛ 㸪ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࢖ ࣥ ࡟ ᐩ ࡳ ศ Ꮚ ෆ ࢪ ࢫ ࣝ ࣇ ࢕ ࢻ ⤖ ྜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ Ᏻ ᐃ ໬ ࡍ ࡿ ᢠ ⳦ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬୺ ࡟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ 㝧 ᛶ ⳦ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ᭷ ຠ ࡛ ᚤ ⏕ ≀ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ⏕ య 㜵 ᚚ ศ Ꮚ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᗈ ࡃ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ㸦 ౛ ࠼ ࡤ ᐩ ⏣࣭㛗 ℩ 2001; ᒣ ෆ ࡽ 2010㸧㸬ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ࢹ ࢕ ࣇ ࢙ ࣥ ࢩ ࣥ ࡣ 37 ࢔ ࣑ ࣀ 㓟 ṧ ᇶ ࡛ ᵓ ᡂ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪 ↓ ⬨ ᳝ ື ≀ ࡢ ࢹ ࢕ ࣇ ࢙ ࣥ ࢩ ࣥ ࡢ ♽ ඛ 㞟 ᅋ ࡢ ୍ くものいと, No. 54 (March 2021)

(21)

㒊 ࡟ ఩ ⨨ ࡙ ࡅ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Froy and Gurewitz 2003㸧㸬 ࢹ ࢕ ࣇ ࢙ ࣥ ࢩ ࣥ ࡣ ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡟ ࢥ ࢞ ࢿ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ 㸪࢔ ࢩ ࢼ ࢞ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ 㸪ࢱ ࢼ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ 㸪࢔ ࢩ ࢲ ࢝ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ 㸪ࢩ ࣎ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࠿ ࡽ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪㸦 ࢱ ࣛ ࣥ ࢳ ࣗ ࣛ ࡜ ࡶ ࠸ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࢡ ࣔ ࢆ ྵ ࡴ 㸧 ࢺ ࢱ ࢸ ࢢ ࣔ ୗ ┠ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࠿ ࡽ ࡣ ぢ ฟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸㸦Kuhn-Nentwig and Nentwig 2013㸧㸬

ࢢ ࣜ ࢩ ࣥ ࣜ ࢵ ࢳ࣭࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡣ ࢝ ࢳ ࢜ ࣥ ᛶ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ ᵓ ᡂ ࢔ ࣑ ࣀ 㓟 ඲ య ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ 71 㹼73%ࡀ ࢢ ࣜ ࢩ ࣥ ṧ ᇶ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬ࢡ ࣔ ࠿ ࡽ ぢ ࠸ ࡔ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࢢ ࣜ ࢩ ࣥ ࣜ ࢵ ࢳ࣭࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪ཎ ጞ ⓗ ࡞ ᆅ ୰ ᛶ ⏕ ά ࢆ Ⴀ ࡴ ࢺ ࢱ ࢸ ࢢ ࣔ ୗ ┠ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࣈ ࣛ ࢪ ࣝ ⏘ ࡢ Acanthoscurria gomesiana Mello-Leitão ࠿ ࡽ ༢ 㞳 ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࢔ ࢝ ࣥ ࢺ ࢫ ࢡ ࣜ ࣥ 㸦acanthoscurrin㸧㸦 Lorenzini et al. 2003; Remuzgo et al. 2006; 2008㸧 ࡜ ࢩ ࣎ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ 㸦 ࣇ ࢙ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡸ ࢝ ࢖ ࣟ ࣔ ࣥ ࡛ ඛ ㏙ ࡋ ࡓ 㸧C. salei ࠿ ࡽ ༢ 㞳 ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࢡ ࢸ ࢽ ࢪ ࣥ 㸦ctenidin㸧㸦 Baumann et al. 2010a㸧 ࡢ 2 ✀ 㢮 ࡀ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࢔ ࢝ ࣥ ࢺ ࢫ ࢡ ࣜ ࣥ ࡟ ࡣ 2 ✀ 㢮 ࡢ ᵓ 㐀㢮 ⦕ య ࡀ ᚓ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ 130 ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ 132 ࢔ ࣑ ࣀ 㓟 ṧ ᇶ ࠿ ࡽ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬࢔ ࢝ ࣥ ࢺ ࢫ ࢡ ࣜ ࣥ ࡣ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ 㝜 ᛶ ⣽ ⳦ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ 㓝 ẕ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ᢠ ⳦ ά ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ 㝧 ᛶ ⣽ ⳦ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ά ᛶ ࡣ ㄆ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ 㸦Fukuzawa et al. 2008㸧㸬 ࢡ ࢸ ࢽ ࢪ ࣥ ࡣ 3 ✀ 㢮 ࡢ ᵓ 㐀㢮 ⦕ య ࡀ ᚓ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪 ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ 109㸪 119 ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ 120 ࢔ ࣑ ࣀ 㓟 ṧ ᇶ ࠿ ࡽ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ࢡ ࢸ ࢽ ࢪ ࣥ ࡣ ࢔ ࢝ ࣥ ࢺ ࢫ ࢡ ࣜ ࣥ ࡜ ᑐ ↷ ⓗ ࡟ 㸪ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ 㝧 ᛶ ⣽ ⳦ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ 㝜 ᛶ ⣽ ⳦ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ᢠ ⳦ ά ᛶ ࡀ ☜ ㄆ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Baumann et al. 2010b㸧㸬 ᑠ ᆺ ࢜ ࣮ ࣉ ࣥ ࢚ ࣥ ࢻ ⎔ ≧ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࢦ ࣓ ࢩ ࣥ㸦gomesin㸧ࡣ 㸪࢔ ࢝ ࣥ ࢺ ࢫ ࢡ ࣜ ࣥ ࡀ ༢ 㞳 ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ A. gomesiana ࡢ ⾑ ⌫ ࠿ ࡽ ༢ 㞳 ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ᑠ ᆺ ࡢ ᢠ ⳦ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࠿ ࡽ ༢ 㞳 ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ᭱ ึ ࡢ ᢠ ⳦ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡛ ࡶ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬ࢦ ࣓ ࢩ ࣥ ࡣ 18 ࢔ ࣑ ࣀ 㓟 ṧ ᇶ ࠿ ࡽ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪N ᮎ ➃ ࡟ ࣆ ࣟ ࢢ ࣝ ࢱ ࣑ ࣥ 㓟㸪C ᮎ ➃ ࡟ ࢔ ࣝ ࢠ ࢽ ࣥ Į-࢔ ࣑ ࢻ ࢆ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ࡜ ࡶ ࡟ 㸪 2 ࡘ ࡢ ࢪ ࢫ ࣝ ࣇ ࢕ ࢻ ⤖ ྜ ࢆ ᙧ ᡂ ࡍ ࡿ 4 ࡘ ࡢ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࢖ ࣥ ṧ ᇶ ࡶ ྵ ࡴ 㸦Silva et al. 2000; Mandard et al. 2002㸧㸬 ࢦ ࣓ ࢩ ࣥ ࡟ ࡣ ከ ࡃ ࡢ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ 㝧 ᛶ ⳦ ࡜ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ 㝜 ᛶ ⳦ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ᙉ ࠸ ᢠ ⳦ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬ຍ ࠼ ࡚ 㸪ᢠ ⭘ ⒆ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡶ ࡢ ࡕ ࡟ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Rodrigues et al. 2008㸧㸬

ࣟ ࣥ ࢻ ࢽ ࣥ 㸦rondonin㸧 ࡣ ᢠ ┿ ⳦ ά ᛶ ࢆ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ ࣊ ࣔ ࢩ ࢔ ࢽ ࣥ ᩿ ∦ ࣌ ࣉ ࢳ ࢻ ࡛ 㸪 ࢜ ࢜ ࢶ ࢳ ࢢ ࣔ ⛉ ࡢ ࢡ ࣔ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ Acanthoscurria rondoniae Mello-Leitão ࡢ ࣊ ࣔ ࣜ ࣥ ࣃ ࠿ ࡽ ༢ 㞳 ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬┿ ⳦ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ࡢ ࡳ ά ᛶ ࢆ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ㸦Riciluca et al. 2012㸧㸬 5-3. ࢡ ࣔ ⥙ ࡢ ᢠ ⳦ ᛶ ᭱ ㏆ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪ࡲ ࡔ ᑡ ᩘ ࡢ ஦ ౛ ࡟ ࡍ ࡂ ࡞ ࠸ ࡶ ࡢ ࡢ 㸪ࢡ ࣔ ࡢ ⥙ ࡟ ࡶ ᢠ ⳦ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡜ ࡞ ࡾ ࡘ ࡘ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ౛ ࠼ ࡤ ࢖ ࢚ ࢱ ࢼ ࢢ ࣔ Tegenaria domestica (Clerck) ࡢ ⥙ ࡢ ⣒ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ 㝧 ᛶ ⳦ ࡢ ቑ Ṫ ࢆ ᢚ ไ ࡍ ࡿ ᢠ ⳦ ≀ ㉁ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࢱ ࣥ ࣃ ࢡ ㉁ ࡢ ୍ ✀ ࡀ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦Wright and Goodacre 2012㸧㸬࢖ ࢚ ࢱ ࢼ ࢢ ࣔ ࡢ ⥙ ࠿ ࡽ ᵝ ࠎ ࡞ ⁐ ፹ ࡛ ᢠ ⳦ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ ᢳ ฟ ࢆ ヨ ࡳ ࡓ ࡜ ࡇ ࢁ 㸪 Ỉ ࡶ ࡋ ࡃ ࡣ ࢚ ࢱ ࣀ ࣮ ࣝ ࡢ ᢳ ฟ ≀ ࡟ ࡣ ᢠ ⳦ ά ᛶ ࡀ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡢ 㸪࢔ ࢭ ࢺ ࣥ ᢳ