(wit h Hamim) t hat dissolves his int est ines and skin,
び ∃ユΒ͡エ∠ィ ⊥る∠Β͡ヤ∇ダ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ
(And ent ry in Hellfire.) he will reside in Hellf ire, which will engulf him from every direct ion. Allah t he Exalt ed said, next ,
び ͡リΒ͡ボ∠Β∇ャや ぁペ∠ェ ∠ヲ⊥ヰ∠ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ｚラ͡まぴ
(Verily, t his! This is an absolut e t rut h wit h cert aint y.) meaning, t his news is t he t rut h; t here is no doubt about it , nor escape from it for anyone,
び ͡ユΒ͡ヌ∠バ∇ャや ∠マあよ∠ケ ͡ユ∇シゅ͡よ ∇ウあら∠ジ∠プぴ
(So, glorify wit h praises t he Name of your Lord, t he Most Great .) Jabir narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
»
∠メゅ∠ホ ∇リ∠ョ
:
∇ろ∠シ͡ゲ⊥ビ ∩͡ロ͡ギ∇ヨ∠エ͡よ∠ヱ ͡ユΒ͡ヌ∠バ∇ャや ͡ぶや ∠ラゅ∠エ∇ら⊥シ
∀る∠ヤ∇ガ∠ル ⊥ヮ∠ャ
るｚレ∠イ∇ャや ヶ͡プ
«
(He who says, "Glory be t o Allah t he Magnificent and wit h His praise!'' t hen a dat e t ree will be plant ed for him in Paradise.) This Hadit h was collect ed by At Tirmidhi and AnNasa'i; At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib.'' Al-Bukhari recorded in his book (Sahih) t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
»
ヶ͡プ ͡ラゅ∠わ∠ヤΒ͡ボ∠を ∩͡ラゅ∠ジあヤャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ͡ラゅ∠わ∠ヘΒ͡ヘ∠カ ͡ラゅ∠わ∠ヨ͡ヤ∠ミ
͡リヨ∇ェｚゲャや ヴ∠ャ͡ま ͡ラゅ∠わ∠らΒ͡ら∠ェ ∩͡ラや∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや
:
͡ぶや ∠ラゅ∠エ∇ら⊥シ
ユΒ͡ヌ∠バ∇ャや ͡ぶや ∠ラゅ∠エ∇ら⊥シ ∩͡ロ͡ギ∇ヨ∠エ͡よ∠ヱ
«
((There are) t wo st at ement s t hat are light on t he t ongue, but heavy on t he Balance, and most beloved t o Ar-Rahman: "Glory be t o Allah and wit h His praise, glory be t o Allah t he Magnificent .'') The Group, wit h t he except ion of Abu Dawud, collect ed t his. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Waqi` ah, all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah and all t he favors come from Him.
The Tafsir of Surat Al-Hadid
(Chapter - 57)
The Virtues of Surat Al-Hadid
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Irbad bin Sariyah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o recit e Al-Musabbihat before he went t o sleep, saying,
»
る∠Αへ ͡ブ∇ャ∠ぺ ∇リ͡ョ ⊥モ∠ツ∇プ∠ぺ ⇔る∠Αへ ｚリ͡ヰΒ͡プ ｚラ͡ま
«
(In t hem t here is an Ayah t hat is bet t er t han a t housand Ayat .) Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i collect ed t his Hadit h; At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib.'' The Ayah referred t o in t his Hadit h is -- and Allah knows best --
あモ⊥ム͡よ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ⊥リ͡ト⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ⊥ゲ͡ヰ⇒ｚヌャや∠ヱ ⊥ゲ͡カｘΙや∠ヱ ⊥メｚヱｘΙや ∠ヲ⊥ワぴ
び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∃￢∇ヴ∠セ
(He is Al-Awwal and Al-Akhir, Az-Zahir and Al-Bat in. And He is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.)(57:3) Allah willing, we will again ment ion t his subj ect . Upon Allah we t rust and our t ot al reliance and dependence are on Him, and sufficient He is t o us as Support er and Helper.
ｚゲャや ͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャや ͡ヮｚヤャや ͡ユ∇ジ͡よぴ
び͡ユΒ͡ェ
In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.
∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ͡チ∇ケ∇Ιや∠ヱ ͡れヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ͡ヮｚヤャ ∠ウｚら∠シぴ
⊥ユΒ͡ム∠エ∇ャや ⊥ゴΑ͡ゴ∠バ∇ャや
-͡ヴ∇エ⊥Α ͡チ∇ケ∇Ιや∠ヱ ͡れヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや ⊥マ∇ヤ⊥ョ ⊥ヮ∠ャ
∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∇ヴ∠セ ∂モ⊥ミ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ⊥ろΒ͡ヨ⊥Α∠ヱ
-⊥メｚヱ∇Ιや ∠ヲ⊥ワ
⊥ゲ͡カ∇Ιや∠ヱ
∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∇ヴ∠セ ∂モ⊥ム͡よ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ⊥リ͡ト⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ⊥ゲ͡ヰ⇒ｚヌャや∠ヱ
-び
(1. What ever is in t he heavens and t he eart h glorifies Allah -- and He is t he Almight y, All-Wise.) (2. His is t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h. It is He Who gives life and causes deat h; and He is Able t o do all t hings.) (3. He is Al-Awwal and Al-Akhir, Az-Zahir and Al-Bat in. And He is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.)
Everything that exists glorifies Allah and mentioning some of His
Attributes
In t his Ayah, Allah st at es t hat everyt hing t hat exist s in t he heavens and eart h praises and glorifies Him, including creat ures and plant s. Allah said in anot her Ayah,
ｚリ͡ヰΒ͡プ リ∠ョ∠ヱ ⊥チ∇ケｘΙや∠ヱ ⊥ノ∇らｚジャや ⊥れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや ⊥ヮ∠ャ ⊥ウあら∠ジ⊥ゎぴ
∠ラヲ⊥ヰ∠ボ∇ヘ∠ゎ ｚΙ リ͡ム⇒∠ャ∠ヱ ͡ロ∠ギ∇ヨ∠エ͡よ ⊥ウあら∠ジ⊥Α ｚΙ͡ま ∃￢∇ヴ∠セ リあョ ラ͡ま∠ヱ
び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∠ラゅ∠ミ ⊥ヮｚル͡ま ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠エΒ͡ら∇ジ∠ゎ
(The seven heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is t herein, glorify Him and t here is not a t hing but glorifies His praise. But you underst and not t heir glorificat ion. Truly, He is Ever Forbearing, Oft -Forgiving.)(17:44) And His saying:
び⊥ゴΑ͡ゴ∠バ∇ャや ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱぴ
(and He is t he Almight y,) meaning t he One t o Whom all t hings submit humilit y,
び⊥ユΒ͡ム∠エ∇ャやぴ
(All-Wise.) in His creat ing, commanding and legislat ing,
び⊥ろΒ͡ヨ⊥Α∠ヱ ͡ヴ∇エ⊥Α ͡チ∇ケｘΙや∠ヱ ͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや ⊥マ∇ヤ⊥ョ ⊥ヮ∠ャぴ
(His is t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h. It is He Who gives life and causes deat h;) He is t he absolut e Owner of His creat ion, bringing life and deat h and grant ing what He wills t o whom He wills,
び∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ∃￢∇ヴ∠セ あモ⊥ミ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱぴ
(and He is Able t o do all t hings.) what ever He wills, is, and what ever He does not will, will never be. He said,
び⊥リ͡ト⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ⊥ゲ͡ヰ⇒ｚヌャや∠ヱ ⊥ゲ͡カｘΙや∠ヱ ⊥メｚヱｘΙや ∠ヲ⊥ワぴ
(He is Al-Awwal and Al-Akhir, Az-Zahir and Al-Bat in.) This is t he Ayah indicat ed in t he Hadit h of ` Irbad bin Sariyah t hat is bet t er t han a t housand Ayat . Abu Dawud recorded t hat Abu Zamil said, "I ment ioned t o Ibn ` Abbas t hat I felt somet hing in my heart . He said, ` Doubt s' and t hen laughed. Next , he said, ` No one can escape t his. Allah t he Exalt ed st at ed,
∠リΑ͡グｚャや ͡メ∠ほ∇シゅ∠プ ∠マ∇Β∠ャ͡ま べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ べｚヨあョ ｙマ∠セ ヶ͡プ ∠ろレ⊥ミ ラ͡み∠プぴ
リ͡ョ ぁペ∠エ∇ャや ∠ポ∠￢べ∠ィ ∇ギ∠ボ∠ャ ∠マ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ リ͡ョ ∠ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや ∠ラヱ⊥￢∠ゲ∇ボ∠Α
び∠マあよｚケ
(So if you are in doubt concerning t hat which We have revealed t o you, t hen ask t hose who are reading t he Book before you. Verily, t he t rut h has come t o you from your Lord.)(10:94)' He t hen said t o me, ` When you feel any of t his in your heart , recit e,
あモ⊥ム͡よ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ⊥リ͡ト⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ⊥ゲ͡ヰ⇒ｚヌャや∠ヱ ⊥ゲ͡カｘΙや∠ヱ ⊥メｚヱｘΙや ∠ヲ⊥ワぴ
び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∃￢∇ヴ∠セ
(He is Al-Awwal and Al-Akhir, Az-Zahir and Al-Bat in. And He is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.)''' There are about t en and some odd number of different sayings collect ed from t he scholars of Tafsir regarding t he explanat ion of t his Ayah. Al-Bukhari said, "Yahya said, ` Az-Zahir: knowing all t hings, Al-Bat in: knowing all t hings.''' Our Shaykh Al-Hafiz Al-Mizzi said, "Yahya is Ibn Ziyad Al-Farra', who aut hored a book ent it led Ma` ani Al-Qur'an.'' There are Hadit hs ment ioned about t his. Among t hem, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah would recit e t his supplicat ion while going t o bed,
»
͡ス∇ゲ∠バ∇ャや ｚゆ∠ケ∠ヱ ∩͡ノ∇らｚジャや ͡れや∠ヲヨｚジャや ｚゆ∠ケ ｚユ⊥ヰ∇ヤャや
͡りや∠ケ∇ヲｚわャや ∠メ͡ゴ∇レ⊥ョ ∩∃￢∇ヶ∠セ あモ⊥ミ ｚゆ∠ケ∠ヱ ゅ∠レｚよ∠ケ ∩͡ユΒ͡ヌ∠バ∇ャや
あょ∠エ∇ャや ∠ペ͡ャゅ∠プ ∩͡ラゅ∠ホ∇ゲ⊥ヘ∇ャや∠ヱ ͡モΒ͡イ∇ル͡み∇ャや∠ヱ
∠ヮャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ∩ン∠ヲｚレャや∠ヱ
∀グ͡カへ ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ ∃￢∇ヶ∠セ あモ⊥ミ あゲ∠セ ∇リ͡ョ ∠マ͡よ ⊥クヲ⊥ハ∠ぺ ∩∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ ゅｚャ͡ま
∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ∠マ∠ヤ∇ら∠ホ ∠ザ∇Β∠ャ ⊥メｚヱ∠ほ∇ャや ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ ∩͡ヮ͡わ∠Β͡タゅ∠レ͡よ
∠ザ∇Β∠ャ ⊥ゲ͡ワゅｚヌャや ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ∠ポ∠ギ∇バ∠よ ∠ザ∇Β∠ャ ⊥ゲ͡カゅ∇ャや
∇Β∠ャ ⊥リ͡デゅ∠ら∇ャや ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ∠マ∠ホ∇ヲ∠プ
∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ∠マ∠ルヱ⊥キ ∠ザ
.
ゲ∇ボ∠ヘ∇ャや ∠リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ͡レ∇ビ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩∠リ∇Αｚギャや ゅｚレ∠ハ ͡ヂ∇ホや
«
(O Allah, Lord of t he seven heavens and Lord of t he Magnificent Throne! Our Lord, and t he Lord of everyt hing, Revealer of t he Tawrah, t he Inj il and t he Furqan, t he Split t er of t he grain of
corn and t he dat e st one! I seek refuge wit h You from t he evil of everyt hing whose forhead You have cont rol over. O Allah! You are Al-Awwal, not hing is before You; Al-Akhir, not hing is aft er You; Az-Zahir, not hing is above You; and Al-Bat in, not hing is below You. Remove t he burden of debt from us and free us from povert y.) Muslim recorded t his Hadit h via Sahl, who said, "Abu Salih used t o order us t o lay on our right side when we were about t o sleep, and t hen say,
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や ｚゆ∠ケ∠ヱ ͡れや∠ヲヨｚジャや ｚゆ∠ケ ｚユ⊥ヰ∇ヤャや
ｚゆ∠ケ∠ヱ ͡チ∇ケ∠ほ∇ャ
∠ペ͡ャゅ∠プ ∩∃￢∇ヶ∠セ あモ⊥ミ ｚゆ∠ケ∠ヱ ゅ∠レｚよ∠ケ ∩͡ユΒ͡ヌ∠バ∇ャや ͡ス∇ゲ∠バ∇ャや
͡モΒ͡イ∇ル͡み∇ャや∠ヱ ͡りや∠ケ∇ヲｚわャや ∠メ͡ゴ∇レ⊥ョ∠ヱ ∩ン∠ヲｚレャや∠ヱ あょ∠エ∇ャや
∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ ∠ゲ∠セ ヵ͡ク あモ⊥ミ あゲ∠セ ∇リ͡ョ ∠マ͡よ ⊥クヲ⊥ハ∠ぺ ∩͡ラゅ∠ホ∇ゲ⊥ヘ∇ャや∠ヱ
∠ザ∇Β∠ヤ∠プ ⊥メｚヱ∠ほ∇ャや ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ ｚユ⊥ヰ∇ヤャや ∩͡ヮ͡わ∠Β͡タゅ∠レ͡よ ∀グ͡カへ
∩∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ∠マ∠ヤ∇ら∠ホ
⊥ゲ͡ワゅｚヌャや ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ∠ポ∠ギ∇バ∠よ ∠ザ∇Β∠ヤ∠プ ⊥ゲ͡カゅ∇ャや ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱ
∠マ∠ルヱ⊥キ ∠ザ∇Β∠ヤ∠プ ⊥リ͡デゅ∠ら∇ャや ∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ∠マ∠ホ∇ヲ∠プ ∠ザ∇Β∠ヤ∠プ
ゲ∇ボ∠ヘ∇ャや ∠リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ͡レ∇ビ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩∠リ∇Αｚギャや ゅｚレ∠ハ ͡ヂ∇ホや ∩∀￢∇ヶ∠セ
«
(O Allah, Lord of t he seven heavens and Lord of t he Magnificent Throne! Our Lord, and t he Lord of everyt hing, Revealer of t he Tawrah, t he Inj il and t he Furqan, t he Split t er of t he grain of corn and t he dat e st one! I seek refuge wit h You from t he evil of everyt hing whose forhead You have cont rol over. O Allah! You are Al-Awwal, not hing is before You; Al-Akhir, not hing is aft er You; Az-Zahir, not hing is above You; and Al-Bat in, not hing is below You. Remove t he burden of debt from us and free us from povert y.) And he used t o narrat e t hat from Abu Hurayrah from t he Prophet .''
∃ュゅｚΑ∠ぺ ͡るｚわ͡シ ヴ͡プ ∠チ∇ケｘΙや∠ヱ ͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや ∠ペ∠ヤ∠カ ン͡グｚャや ∠ヲ⊥ワぴ
͡チ∇ケｘΙや ヴ͡プ ⊥ア͡ヤ∠Α ゅ∠ョ ⊥ユ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ͡ス∇ゲ∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ン∠ヲ∠わ∇シや ｚユ⊥を
⊥ァ⊥ゲ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ͡￢べ∠ヨｚジャや ∠リ͡ョ ⊥メ͡ゴレ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇レ͡ョ ⊥ァ⊥ゲ∇ガ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ∠リ∇Α∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ム∠バ∠ョ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ
∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ⊥ヮｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥わ
∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ
-͡ヮｚヤャや ヴ∠ャ͡ま∠ヱ ͡チ∇ケｘΙや∠ヱ ͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや ⊥マ∇ヤ⊥ョ ⊥ヮｚャ
⊥ケヲ⊥ョｙΙや ⊥ノ∠ィ∇ゲ⊥ゎ
-⊥ア͡ャヲ⊥Α∠ヱ ͡ケゅ∠ヰｚレャや ヴ͡プ ∠モ∇Βｚャや ⊥ア͡ャヲ⊥Α
び ͡ケヱ⊥ギぁダャや ͡れや∠グ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ͡モ∇Βｚャや ヴ͡プ ∠ケゅ∠ヰｚレャや
(4. He it is Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h in six Days and t hen rose (Ist awa) over t he Throne. He knows what goes int o t he eart h and what comes fort h from it , and what descends from t he heaven and what ascends t heret o. And He is wit h you wheresoever you may be. And Allah is t he All-Seer of what you do.) (5. His is t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h. And t o Allah ret urn all t he mat t ers.) (6. He merges night int o day, and merges day int o night , and He has full knowledge of what soever is in t he breast s.)
Allah's Knowledge, Power and Kingdom are Limitless
Allah t he Exalt ed st at es t hat He creat ed t he heavens and eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem, in six Days and t hen rose over t he Throne aft er He creat ed t hem. We discussed t his before in t he explanat ion of Surat Al-A` raf, so it is not necessary t o repeat t he meaning here. Allah's st at ement ,
び͡チ∇ケｘΙや ヴ͡プ ⊥ア∇ヤ∠Α ゅ∠ョ ⊥ユ∠ヤ∇バ∠Αぴ
(He knows what goes int o t he eart h), indicat es His knowledge in t he amount of seeds and drops of wat er t hat ent er inside t he eart h's surface,
∇ガ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱぴ
びゅ∠ヰ∇レ͡ョ ⊥ァ⊥ゲ
(and what comes fort h from it ) of plant s, veget at ion and fruit s. Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,
ゅ∠ョ ⊥ユ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α∠ヱ ∠ヲ⊥ワ ｚΙ͡ま べ∠ヰ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∠Ι ͡ょ∇Β∠ピ∇ャや ⊥ウ͡ゎゅ∠ヘ∠ョ ⊥ロ∠ギレ͡ハ∠ヱぴ
∠Α ｚΙ͡ま ∃る∠ホ∠ケ∠ヱ リ͡ョ ⊥テ⊥ボ∇ジ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ͡ゲ∇エ∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ あゲ∠ら∇ャや ヴ͡プ
ゅ∠ヰ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ
∠Ι∠ヱ ∃ょ∇デ∠ケ ∠Ι∠ヱ ͡チ∇ケｘΙや ͡ろ⇒∠ヨ⊥ヤ⊥ニ ヴ͡プ ∃るｚら∠ェ ∠Ι∠ヱ
び ∃リΒ͡らぁョ ∃ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ ヴ͡プ ｚΙ͡ま ∃ザ͡よゅ∠Α
(And wit h Him are t he keys of all t hat is hidden, none knows t hem but He. And He knows what ever t here is in t he land and in t he sea; not a leaf falls, but He knows it . There is not a grain in t he darkness of t he eart h nor anyt hing fresh or dry, but is writ t en in a Clear Record.)(6:59) Allah's st at ement ,
び͡￢べ∠ヨｚジャや ∠リ͡ョ ⊥メ͡ゴレ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱぴ
(and what descends from t he heaven), pert ains t o rain, snow, hail and what ever Allah decides descends from heaven of decisions and commandment s brought down by t he honorable angels. Allah's st at ement ,
びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ⊥ァ⊥ゲ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱぴ
(and what ascends t heret o.), refers t o angels and deeds. In t he Sahih, t here is a Hadit h in which t he Prophet said,
»
͡ケゅ∠ヰｚレャや ⊥モ∠ヨ∠ハ∠ヱ ∩͡ケゅ∠ヰｚレャや ∠モ∇ら∠ホ ͡モ∇Βｚヤャや ⊥モ∠ヨ∠ハ ͡ヮ∇Β∠ャ͡ま ⊥ノ∠プ∇ゲ⊥Α
モ∇Βｚヤャや ∠モ∇ら∠ホ
«
(To Him ascend t he deeds of t he night before t he day falls and t he deeds of t he day before t he night falls.) Allah said,
∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ム∠バ∠ョ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱぴ
∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ⊥ヮｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ∠リ∇Α
び∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ
(And He is wit h you wheresoever you may be. And Allah is t he All-Seer of what you do.) meaning, He is wat ching over you and wit nessing your deeds wherever you may be, on land or at sea, during t he night or t he day, at home or in open areas or desert s. All of t hat is t he same before His knowledge and all of it is under His sight and hearing. He hears your speech and sees where you are. He knows your secret s and your public st at ement s,
∠Α ∇ユ⊥ヰｚル͡ま Ι∠ぺぴ
∠リΒ͡ェ Ι∠ぺ ⊥ヮ∇レ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇ガ∠わ∇ジ∠Β͡ャ ∇ユ⊥ワ∠ケヱ⊥ギ⊥タ ∠ラヲ⊥レ∇ん
⊥ヮｚル͡ま ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ヤ∇バ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∠ラヱぁゲ͡ジ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ⊥ユ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠よゅ∠Β͡を ∠ラヲ⊥ゼ∇ピ∠わ∇ジ∠Α
び ͡ケヱ⊥ギぁダャや ͡れや∠グ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ
(No doubt ! They did fold up t heir breast s, t hat t hey may hide from Him. Surely, even when t hey cover t hemselves wit h t heir garment s, He knows what t hey conceal and what t hey reveal. Verily, He is t he All-Knower of t he (secret s) of t he breast s. )(11:5) Allah t he Exalt ed said,
∇リ∠ョ∠ヱ ͡ヮ͡よ ∠ゲ∠ヰ∠ィ ∇リ∠ョ∠ヱ ∠メ∇ヲ∠ボ∇ャや ｚゲ∠シ∠ぺ ∇リｚョ ∇ユ⊥ム∇レあョ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シぴ
⊥ョ ∠ヲ⊥ワ
び ͡ケゅ∠ヰｚレャゅ͡よ ∀ゆ͡ケゅ∠シ∠ヱ ͡モ∇Βｚャゅ͡よ ∃ブ∇ガ∠わ∇ジ
(It is t he same (t o Him) whet her any of you conceals his speech or declares it openly, whet her he be hid by night or goes fort h freely by day.)(13:10) Surely, t here is no deit y wort hy of worship, except Allah. In t he Sahih, t here is a Hadit h in which t he Messenger of Allah answered Jibril, when he asked him about Ihsan:
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⊥ヮｚル͡み∠プ ⊥ロや∠ゲ∠ゎ ∇リ⊥ム∠ゎ ∇ユ∠ャ ∇ラ͡み∠プ ∩⊥ロや∠ゲ∠ゎ ∠マｚル∠ほ∠ミ ∠ぶや ∠ギ⊥ら∇バ∠ゎ ∇ラ∠ぺ
ポや∠ゲ∠Α
«
(To worship Allah as if you see Him, and even t hough you cannot see Him, He surely sees you.) Allah's st at ement ,
⊥ノ∠ィ∇ゲ⊥ゎ ͡ヮｚヤャや ヴ∠ャ͡ま∠ヱ ͡チ∇ケｘΙや∠ヱ ͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや ⊥マ∇ヤ⊥ョ ⊥ヮｚャぴ
び ⊥ケヲ⊥ョｙΙや
(His is t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h. And t o Allh ret urn all t he mat t ers.) assert s t hat Allah is t he King and Owner of t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah said in anot her Ayah,
び ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや∠ヱ ∠り∠ゲ͡カｘΚ∠ャ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ｚラ͡ま∠ヱぴ
(And t ruly, unt o Us (belong) t he last (Hereaft er) and t he first (t his world).)(92:13) Surely, Allah is praised for t his at t ribut e, j ust as He said in ot her Ayat ,
ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ヴ͡プ ⊥ギ∇ヨ∠エ∇ャや ⊥ヮ∠ャ ∠ヲ⊥ワ ｚΙ͡ま ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ⊥ヮｚヤャや ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱぴ
び͡り∠ゲ͡カｘΙや∠ヱ
(And He is Allah, La ilaha illa Huwa, all praise is His in t he first and in t he last .)(28:70), and,
͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ⊥ヮ∠ャ ン͡グｚャや ͡ヮｚヤャ ⊥ギ∇ヨ∠エ∇ャやぴ
ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
⊥ユΒ͡ム∠エ∇ャや ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ͡り∠ゲ͡カｘΙや ヴ͡プ ⊥ギ∇ヨ∠エ∇ャや ⊥ヮ∠ャ∠ヱ ͡チ∇ケｘΙや
び ⊥ゲΒ͡ら∠ガ∇ャや
(All t he praise is Allah's, t o Whom belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. His is all t he praise in t he Hereaft er, and He is t he All-Wise, t he All-Aware.)(34:1) Allah owns everyt hing t hat is in t he heavens and eart h, and all t heir inhabit ant s are servant s t o Him and humble before Him, j ust as He said,
ヴ͡ゎへ ｚΙ͡ま ͡チ∇ケｘΙや∠ヱ ͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ぁモ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ
⇔やギ∇ら∠ハ ͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャや
-∇ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ダ∇ェ∠ぺ ∇ギ∠ボｚャ
⇔や∂ギ∠ハ ∇ユ⊥ワｚギ∠ハ∠ヱ
-び ⇔やキ∇ゲ∠プ ͡る∠ヨ⇒∠Β͡ボ∇ャや ∠ュ∇ヲ∠Α ͡ヮΒ͡ゎや∠￢ ∇ユ⊥ヰぁヤ⊥ミ∠ヱ
(There is none in t he heavens and t he eart h but comes unt o t he Most Gracious as a servant . Verily, He knows each one of t hem, and has count ed t hem a full count ing. And every one of t hem will come t o Him alone on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) (19:93-95) This is why Allah said here,
び⊥ケヲ⊥ョ⊥Εや ⊥ノ∠ィ∇ゲ⊥ゎ ͡ヮｚヤャや ヴ∠ャ͡ま∠ヱぴ
(And t o Allah ret urn all t he mat t ers.) meaning t hat all mat t ers will be referred t o Him on t he Day of Resurrect ion and He will j udge His creat ion as He wills. Indeed, He is t he Most Just , Who never falls int o inj ust ice, not even t he weight of a speck of dust ; if one performs even one good deed, Allah will mult iply it up t o t en t imes,
⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ⇔やゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ⊥ヮ∇ル⊥ギｚャ リ͡ョ ͡れ∇ぽ⊥Α∠ヱぴ
び
(and gives from Him a great reward. )(4:40),
⊥ユ∠ヤ∇ヌ⊥ゎ ∠Κ∠プ ͡る∠ヨ⇒∠Β͡ボ∇ャや ͡ュ∇ヲ∠Β͡ャ ∠テ∇ジ͡ボ∇ャや ∠リΑ͡コ∠ヲ∠ヨ∇ャや ⊥ノ∠ツ∠ル∠ヱぴ
ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎ∠ぺ ∃メ∠キ∇ゲ∠カ ∇リあョ ∃るｚら∠ェ ∠メゅ∠ボ∇ん͡ョ ∠ラゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま∠ヱ ⇔ゅゃ∇Β∠セ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル
び ∠リΒ͡ら͡ジ⇒∠ェ ゅ∠レ͡よ ヴ∠ヘ∠ミ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ
(And We shall set up Balances of j ust ice on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hen none will be dealt wit h unj ust ly in anyt hing. And if t here be t he weight of a must ard seed, We will bring it . And sufficent are We t o t ake account .)(21:47) Allah's st at ement ,
ヲ⊥Α∠ヱ ͡ケゅ∠ヰｚレャや ヴ͡プ ∠モ∇Βｚャや ⊥ア͡ャヲ⊥Αぴ
び͡モ∇Βｚャや ヴ͡プ ∠ケゅ∠ヰｚレャや ⊥ア͡ャ
(He merges night int o day, and merges day int o night ,) meaning, He does what He wills wit h His creat ures. He alt ernat es t he night and day and measures t hem by His wisdom, as He wills. Somet imes, He makes t he night longer t han t he day, and somet imes t he opposit e. Somet imes, He makes t he lengt h of night and day equal. Somet imes, He makes t he season wint er, t hen
changes it t o spring, t hen summer t hen aut umn. All t his He does by His wisdom and His due measure of everyt hing in His creat ion,
び͡ケヱ⊥ギぁダャや ͡れや∠グ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱぴ
(and He has full knowledge of what soever is in t he breast s.) He knows t he secret s, no mat t er how concealed t hey are.
ユ⊥ム∠ヤ∠バ∠ィ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボ͡ヘル∠ぺ∠ヱ ͡ヮ͡ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ͡ヮｚヤャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レ͡ョや∠￢ぴ
ゅ∠プ ͡ヮΒ͡プ ∠リΒ͡ヘ∠ヤ∇ガ∠わ∇ジぁョ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∠ヘル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ ∠リΑ͡グｚャ
∀ゲΒ͡ら∠ミ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ
-⊥メヲ⊥シｚゲャや∠ヱ ͡ヮｚヤャゅ͡よ ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ゎ ∠Ι ∇ユ⊥ム∠ャ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユ⊥ム∠ボ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ∠グ∠カ∠ぺ ∇ギ∠ホ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ムあよ∠ゲ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥わ͡ャ ∇ユ⊥ミヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α
∠リΒ͡レ͡ョ∇ぽぁョ
-∃ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ͡ロ͡ギ∇ら∠ハ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ⊥メあゴ∠レ⊥Α ン͡グｚャや ∠ヲ⊥ワ
∠ヮｚヤャや ｚラ͡ま∠ヱ ͡ケヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャ͡ま ͡ろ⇒∠ヨ⊥ヤぁヌャや ∠リあョ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ィ͡ゲ∇ガ⊥Βあャ ∃ろ⇒∠レあΒ∠よ
∀ユΒ͡ェｚケ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ゲ∠ャ ∇ユ⊥ム͡よ
-͡モΒ͡ら∠シ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ボ͡ヘレ⊥ゎ ｚΙ∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ャ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ∠Ι ͡チ∇ケｘΙや∠ヱ ͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや ⊥ゐや∠ゲΒ͡ョ ͡ヮｚヤ͡ャ∠ヱ ͡ヮｚヤャや
͡ウ∇わ∠ヘ∇ャや ͡モ∇ら∠ホ リ͡ョ ∠ペ∠ヘル∠ぺ ∇リｚョ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ
⊥ユ∠ヌ∇ハ∠ぺ ∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺ ∠モ∠わ⇒∠ホ∠ヱ
６Κ⊥ミ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠わ⇒∠ホ∠ヱ ⊥ギ∇バ∠よ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∠ヘル∠ぺ ∠リΑ͡グｚャや ∠リあョ ⇔る∠ィ∠ケ∠キ
∀ゲΒ͡ら∠カ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ⊥ヮｚヤャや∠ヱ ヴ∠レ∇ジ⊥エ∇ャや ⊥ヮｚヤャや ∠ギ∠ハ∠ヱ
-リｚョ
⊥ヮ∠ャ ⊥ヮ∠ヘ͡ハゅ∠ツ⊥Β∠プ ⇔ゅレ∠ジ∠ェ ⇔ゅッ∇ゲ∠ホ ∠ヮｚヤャや ⊥チ͡ゲ∇ボ⊥Α ン͡グｚャや や∠ク
び ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ⊥ヮ∠ャ∠ヱ
(7. Believe in Allah and His Messenger, and spend of t hat whereof He has made you t rust ees. And such of you as believe and spend, t heirs will be a great reward.) (8. And what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you believe not in Allah! While t he Messenger invit es you t o believe in your Lord; and He has indeed t aken your covenant , if you are real believers.) (9. It is He Who sends down manifest Ayat t o His servant t hat He may bring you out from darkness int o light . And verily, Allah is t o you full of kindness, Most Merciful.) (10. And what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you
spend not in t he cause of Allah And t o Allah belongs t he herit age of t he heavens and t he eart h. Not equal among you are t hose who spent and fought before t he conquering. Such are higher in degree t han t hose who spent and fought aft erwards. But t o all Allah has promised t he best . And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) (11. Who is he t hat will lend Allah a handsome loan: t hen He will increase it manifold t o his credit , and he will have a honorable reward.)
Ordering Faith and encouraging spending
Allah t he Exalt ed and Blessed orders having perfect fait h in Him and in His Messenger, and t hat one should persist on t his pat h adhereing firmly t o it . Allah encourages spending from what He has made mankind t rust ees of, t he wealt h t hat you - mankind - have, t hat He has lent you. This wealt h was in t he hands of t hose before you and was lat er t ransferred t o you. Therefore, O mankind, spend as Allah commanded you from t he wealt h t hat He ent rust ed t o you for His obedience. Ot herwise, He will hold you account able and punish you for your ignoring what He ordained on you in t his regard. Allah's st at ement ,
び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∠リΒ͡ヘ∠ヤ∇ガ∠わ∇ジぁョ ユ⊥ム∠ヤ∠バ∠ィ ゅｚヨ͡ョぴ
(of t hat whereof He has made you t rust ees.), indicat es t hat you - mankind -- will surrender t his wealt h t o someone else. In t his case, t hose who will inherit from you might obey Allah wit h t heir wealt h, and t hus acquire more happiness t han you on account of what Allah has grant ed t hem. They might disobey Allah, and in t his case you will have helped t hem commit evil and t ransgression. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Ash-Shikhkhir said, "I came t o Allah's Messenger as he was recit ing and saying,
び ⊥ゲ⊥をゅｚムｚわャや ⊥ユ⊥ム⇒∠ヰ∇ャ∠ぺぴ
∠ュ∠キへ ⊥リ∇よや ⊥メヲ⊥ボ∠Α
:
∇モ∠ワ∠ヱ ∩ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ
ゅｚャ͡ま ∠マ͡ャゅ∠ョ リ͡ョ ∠マ∠ャ
∠ろ∇ホｚギ∠ダ∠ゎ ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∩∠ろ∇Β∠ヤ∇よ∠ほ∠プ ∠ろ∇ジ͡ら∠ャ ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∩∠ろ∇Β∠レ∇プ∠ほ∠プ ∠ろ∇ヤ∠ミ∠ぺゅ∠ョ
∨∠ろ∇Β∠ツ∇ョ∠ほ∠プ
«
((abundance divert s you.)( The Son of ` Adam claims, "My wealt h, my wealt h.'' But is t here anyt hing belonging t o you, except t hat which you consumed, which you used, or which you wore and t hen it became worn or you gave as charit y and sent it forward) Muslim also collect ed wit h t he addit ion:
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サゅｚレヤ͡ャ ⊥ヮ⊥ミ͡ケゅ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∀ょ͡ワや∠グ∠プ ∩∠マ͡ャク ン∠ヲ͡シ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
«
(Ot her t han t hat , you will go away from it and leave it behind for ot her people.) Allah's st at ement ,
び∀ゲΒ͡ら∠ミ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∠ヘル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ ∠リΑ͡グｚャゅ∠プぴ
(And such of you as believe and spend, t heirs will be a great reward.) encourages having fait h and spending in act s of obedience. Allah t he Exalt ed said,
∇ユ⊥ミヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ⊥メヲ⊥シｚゲャや∠ヱ ͡ヮｚヤャゅ͡よ ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ゎ ∠Ι ∇ユ⊥ム∠ャ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱぴ
び∇ユ⊥ムあよ∠ゲ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥わ͡ャ
(And what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you believe not in Allah! While t he Messenger invit es you t o believe in your Lord;) meaning, "what prevent s you from believing, while t he Messenger is among you calling you t o fait h and bringing forward clear proofs and evidences t hat affirm t he t rut h of what he brought you'' And we have report ed t he Hadit h t hrough different rout es in t he beginning of t he explanat ion on t he chapt er on Fait h in Sahih Al-Bukhari, wherein one day t he Messenger of Allah said t o his Companions,
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∨ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユ⊥ム∇Β∠ャ͡ま ⊥ょ∠イ∇ハ∠ぺ ∠リΒ͡レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ぁヵ∠ぺ
«
(Who do you consider among t he believers as having t he most amazing fait h) They said, "The angels.'' He said,
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∨∇ユ͡ヰあよ∠ケ ∠ギ∇レ͡ハ ∇ユ⊥ワ∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥Α ゅ∠ャ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
«
(And what prevent s t hem from believing when t hey are wit h t heir Lord) They said, "Then t he Prophet s.'' He said,
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∨∇ユ͡ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ⊥メ͡ゴ∇レ∠Α ⊥ヶ∇ェ∠ヲ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥Α ゅ∠ャ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
«
(What prevent s t hem from believing when t he revelat ion comes down t o t hem) They said, "Then us.'' He said,
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∇リ͡ムャ∠ヱ ∨∇ユ⊥ミ͡ゲ⊥ヰ∇ニ∠ぺ ∠リ∇Β∠よ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ャゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∩∇ユ⊥ミ∠ギ∇バ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ゃΒ͡イ∠Α ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∩ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∠リΒ͡レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ⊥ょ∠イ∇ハ∠ぺ
⇔ヘ⊥エ⊥タ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡イ∠Α
ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥Α ゅ
«
(What prevent s you from believing, when I am amongst you Act ually, t he believers who have t he most amazing fait h, are some people who will come aft er you; t hey will find pages t hat t hey will believe in.) We ment ioned a part of t his Hadit h when explaining Allah's st at ement in Surat Al-Baqarah,
び͡ょ∇Β∠ピ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥Α ∠リΑ͡グｚャやぴ
(who believe in t he Ghayb (unseen).)(2:3) Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユ⊥ム∠ボ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ∠グ∠カ∠ぺ ∇ギ∠ホ∠ヱぴ
(and He has indeed t aken your covenant ,) is similar t o anot her of His st at ement s,
ユ⊥ム∠ボ∠をや∠ヱ ン͡グｚャや ⊥ヮ∠ボ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ム∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ͡ヮｚヤャや ∠る∠ヨ∇バ͡ル ∇やヱ⊥ゲ⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱぴ
びゅ∠レ∇バ∠デ∠ぺ∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∇バ͡ヨ∠シ ∇ユ⊥わ∇ヤ⊥ホ ∇ク͡ま ͡ヮ͡よ
(And remember Allah's favor t o you and His covenant wit h which He bound you when you said: "We hear and we obey.'')(5:7), which refers t o giving t he pledge of allegiance t o t he Prophet . Ibn Jarir said t hat t he covenant ment ioned here, is t hat t aken from mankind, when t hey were st ill in Adam's loin. This is also t he opinion of Muj ahid, and Allah knows best . Allah said,
び∃ろ⇒∠レあΒ∠よ ∃ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ͡ロ͡ギ∇ら∠ハ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ⊥メあゴ∠レ⊥Α ン͡グｚャや ∠ヲ⊥ワぴ
(It is He Who sends down manifest Ayat t o His servant ) clear proofs, unequivocal evidences and plain at t est at ions,
び͡ケヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャ͡ま ͡ろ⇒∠ヨ⊥ヤぁヌャや ∠リあョ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ィ͡ゲ∇ガ⊥Β͡ャぴ
(t hat He may bring you out from darkness int o light .) from t he darkness of ignorance, disbelief and cont radict ory st at ement s t o t he light of guidance, cert aint y and fait h,
び∀ユΒ͡ェｚケ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ゲ∠ャ ∇ユ⊥ム͡よ ∠ヮｚヤャや ｚラ͡ま∠ヱぴ
(And verily, Allah is t o you full of kindness, Most Merciful.) by revealing t he Divine Books and sending t he Messengers t o guide mankind, eradicat ing doubt s and removing confusion. Aft er Allah commanded mankind t o first believe and spend, He again encouraged t hem t o acquire fait h and st at ed t hat He has removed all barriers bet ween t hem and t he acquisit ion of fait h. Allah again encouraged t hem t o spend,
⊥ゐや∠ゲΒ͡ョ ͡ヮｚヤ͡ャ∠ヱ ͡ヮｚヤャや ͡モΒ͡ら∠シ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ボ͡ヘレ⊥ゎ ｚΙ∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ャ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱぴ
び͡チ∇ケｘΙや∠ヱ ͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや
(And what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you spend not in t he cause of Allah And t o Allah belongs t he herit age of t he heavens and t he eart h.) means, spend and do not fear povert y or scarcit y.
Surely, He in Whose cause you spent is t he King and Owner of t he heavens and eart h and has perfect cont rol over t heir every affair, including t heir t reasuries. He is t he Owner of t he Throne, wit h all t he might t hat it cont ains, and He is t he One Who said,
⊥ゲ∇Β∠カ ∠ヲ⊥ワ∠ヱ ⊥ヮ⊥ヘ͡ヤ∇ガ⊥Α ∠ヲ⊥ヰ∠プ ∃￢∇ヴ∠セ リあョ ∇ユ⊥わ∇ボ∠ヘル∠ぺ べ∠ョ∠ヱぴ
び∠リΒ͡ホ͡コやｚゲャや
(And what soever you spend of anyt hing, He will replace it . And He is t he best of providers.)(34:39), and,
び∃ベゅ∠よ ͡ヮｚヤャや ∠ギレ͡ハ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ⊥ギ∠ヘレ∠Α ∇ユ⊥ミ∠ギレ͡ハ ゅ∠ョぴ
(what ever is wit h you, will be exhaust ed, and what ever is wit h Allah will remain.)(16:96) Therefore, t hose who t rust in and depend on Allah will spend, and t hey will not fear povert y or dest it ut ion coming t o t hem from t he Owner of t he Throne. They know t hat Allah will surely compensat e t hem for what ever t hey spend.
The Virtues of spending and fighting before the Conquest of Makkah
Allah's st at ement ,
∠Ιぴ
び∠モ∠わ⇒∠ホ∠ヱ ͡ウ∇わ∠ヘ∇ャや ͡モ∇ら∠ホ リ͡ョ ∠ペ∠ヘル∠ぺ ∇リｚョ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α
(Not equal among you are t hose who spent before t he conquering and fought .) meaning t hose who did not fight and spend before t he Conquest are not equal t o t hose who spent and fought . Before Makkah was conquered, t hings were difficult for Muslims and only t he right eous ones embraced Islam. Aft er Makkah was conquered, Islam spread t remendously t hroughout t he known world and people embraced t he religion of Allah en masse. Similarly He said:
∇ヱ⊥ぺぴ
⊥ギ∇バ∠よ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∠ヘル∠ぺ ∠リΑ͡グｚャや ∠リあョ ⇔る∠ィ∠ケ∠キ ⊥ユ∠ヌ∇ハ∠ぺ ∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ
びヴ∠レ∇ジ⊥エ∇ャや ⊥ヮｚヤャや ∠ギ∠ハ∠ヱ ６Κ⊥ミ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠わ⇒∠ホ∠ヱ
(Such are higher in degree t han t hose who spent and fought aft erwards. But t o all Allah has promised t he best (reward).) The maj orit y considers t he Conquest here t o be t he conquest of Makkah. Ash-Sha` bi and several ot hers said t hat t he Ayah refers t o t he t reat y at Al-Hudaybiyyah. There is proof for t his opinion found in a Hadit h from Anas, collect ed by Imam Ahmad. Anas said, "Khalid bin Al-Walid and ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf had a disput e. Khalid said t o ` Abdur-Rahman, ` You boast about days (bat t les) t hat you part icipat ed in before us.' When t he news of t his st at ement reached t he Prophet he said,
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͡ロ͡ギ∠Β͡よ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘ∠ル ヵ͡グｚャや∠ヲ∠プ ∩ヶ͡よゅ∠エ∇タ∠ぺ ヶ͡ャ やヲ⊥ハ∠キ
∇ヲ∠ャ
∇ユ⊥わ∇ピ∠ヤ∠よ ゅ∠ョ ∩ゅ⇔ら∠ワ∠ク ͡メゅ∠ら͡イ∇ャや ∠モ∇ん͡ョ ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∃ギ⊥ェ⊥ぺ ∠モ∇ん͡ョ ∇ユ⊥わ∇ボ∠ヘ∇ル∠ぺ
ユ⊥ヰ∠ャゅ∠ヨ∇ハ∠ぺ
«
(Do not bot her my Companions, for by He in Whose Hand is my soul! If you spend an amount of gold equal t o (Mount ) Uhud, (or equal t o t he mount ains), you will not reach t he level of t heir act ions.)'' It is a known fact t hat Khalid bin Al-Walid, whom t he Prophet addressed t his st at ement t o, embraced Islam during t he period bet ween t he t reat y of Al-Hudaybiyyah and t he conquering of Makkah. The disput e bet ween Khalid and ` Abdur-Rahman occurred because of t he bat t le of Bani Jadhimah. The Prophet sent Khalid bin Al-Walid t o t hem aft er t he conquest of Makkah, and t hey said, "Saba'na,'' inst ead of saying, "Aslamna'' (we embraced Islam). So Khalid ordered t heir execut ion and t he execut ion of t heir prisoners (of war); ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf and ` Abdullah bin ` Umar opposed him. This is t he reason behind t he disput e t hat occurred bet ween Khalid and ` Abdur-Rahman. But in t he Sahih, t he Messenger of Allah said,
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∠ぺ やヲぁら⊥ジ∠ゎ ゅ∠ャ
∠ペ∠ヘ∇ル∠ぺ ∇ヲ∠ャ ͡ロ͡ギ∠Β͡よ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘ∠ル ヵ͡グｚャや∠ヲ∠プ ∩ヶ͡よゅ∠エ∇タ
ゅ∠ャ∠ヱ ∇ユ͡ワ͡ギ∠ェ∠ぺ ｚギ⊥ョ ∠ヒ∠ヤ∠よ ゅ∠ョ ∩ゅ⇔ら∠ワ∠ク ∃ギ⊥ェ⊥ぺ ∠モ∇ん͡ョ ∇ユ⊥ミ⊥ギ∠ェ∠ぺ
ヮ∠ヘΒ͡ダ∠ル
«
(None should revile my Companions, for by He in Whose Hand is my soul! If one of you were t o spend as much gold as Uhud, it would not reach t he level of t hem equal t o an amount as much as one Mudd of one of t hem or half of it .) Allah said,
びヴ∠レ∇ジ⊥エ∇ャや ⊥ヮｚヤャや ∠ギ∠ハ∠ヱ ６Κ⊥ミ∠ヱぴ
(But t o all Allah has promised t he best (reward).) meaning, t hose who spent before and aft er t he conquest of Makkah; t hey all will gain a reward for t heir good deeds, even t hough some of t hem vary in rank and earn a bet t er reward t han ot hers as Allah said,
ヴ͡ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺ ⊥ゲ∇Β∠ビ ∠リΒ͡レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ∠リ͡ョ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡バ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ｚΙぴ
∠シ ヴ͡プ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡ヰ⇒∠イ⊥ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ ͡ケ∠ゲｚツャや
∇ユ͡ヰ͡ャ∠ヲ∇ョ∠ほ͡よ ͡ヮｚヤャや ͡モΒ͡ら
∇ユ͡ヰ͡ジ⊥ヘル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∇ユ͡ヰ͡ャ∠ヲ∇ョ∠ほ͡よ ∠リΑ͡ギ͡ヰ⇒∠イ⊥ヨ∇ャや ⊥ヮｚヤャや ∠モｚツ∠プ ∇ユ͡ヰ͡ジ⊥ヘル∠ぺ∠ヱ
ヴ∠レ∇ジ⊥エ∇ャや ⊥ヮｚヤャや ∠ギ∠ハ∠ヱ ６Κ⇒⊥ミ∠ヱ ⇔る∠ィ∠ケ∠キ ∠リΑ͡ギ͡バ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
⇔やゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∠リΑ͡ギ͡バ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ∠リΑ͡ギ͡ヰ⇒∠イ⊥ヨ∇ャや ⊥ヮｚヤャや ∠モｚツ∠プ∠ヱ
び ⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヌ∠ハ
(Not equal are t hose of t he believers who sit (at home), except t hose who are disabled, and t hose who st rive hard and fight in t he cause of Allah wit h t heir wealt h and t heir lives. Allah has preferred in grades t hose who st rive hard and fight wit h t heir wealt h and t heir lives above t hose who sit (at home). Unt o each, Allah has promised good, but Allah has preferred by a great reward t hose who st rive hard and fight , above t hose who sit (at home).)(4:95) There is a Hadit h in t he Sahih t hat st at es,
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ぁヵ͡ヲ∠ボ∇ャや ⊥リ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや
͡リ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ∠リ͡ョ ͡ぶや ヴ∠ャ͡ま ぁょ∠ェ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ
ゲ∇Β∠カ ∠モ⊥ミ ヶ͡プ∠ヱ ∩͡ブΒ͡バｚツャや
«
(The st rong believer is bet t er and more beloved t o Allah t han t he weak believer; bot h have goodness in t hem.) The Prophet ended his st at ement t his way t o draw at t ent ion t o t he second t ype of believer, so t hat t heir own qualit ies are not forgot t en in t he midst of preferring t he former t ype. In t his way, t he lat t er is not dismissed as being degraded in t he Hadit h. Therefore, t he Prophet ended his st at ement by praising t he second t ype t he weak believers -- aft er giving preference t o t he first t ype. Allah said:
び∀ゲΒ͡ら∠カ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ⊥ヮｚヤャや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) meaning, since Allah is perfect ly aware of all t hings, He made dist inct ions bet ween t he rewards of t he believers who spent and fought before t he Conquest and t hose who spent and fought aft erwards. Surely, Allah does t his by His knowledge of t he int ent ion of t he former t ype and t heir perf ect sincerit y t o Him, all t he while spending in t imes of hardship, povert y and dire st rait s. This is found in t he Hadit h,
»
ブ∇ャ∠ぺ ∠る∠もゅ͡ョ ∀ユ∠ワ∇ケ͡キ ∠ペ∠ら∠シ
«
(Spending one Dirham is preceded over a hundred t housand.) There is no doubt t hat t he people of fait h consider Abu Bakr As-Siddiq t o be t he person who has t he best share according t o t he meaning of t his Ayah. He was t he chief of t hose who implement ed it , among all followers of all Prophet s. He spent all of his wealt h seeking t he Face of Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. He did it volunt arily t oo, not t o repay a debt or a favor t hat anyone from mankind had on him. May Allah be pleased wit h him.
The Encouragement to make a Handsome Loan in the Cause of Allah
びゅ⇔レ∠ジ∠ェ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲ∠ホ ∠ヮｚヤャや ⊥チ͡ゲ∇ボ⊥Α ン͡グｚャや や∠ク リｚョぴ
(Who is he t hat will lend Allah a handsome loan:) ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said t hat t his Ayah refers t o spending in Allah's cause. It was also said t hat it pert ains t o spending on children. What is correct is t hat it is more general t han t hat . So all t hose who spend in t he cause of Allah wit h good int ent ions and a sincere heart , t hen t hey fall under t he generalit y of t his Ayah. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah:
⊥ヮ∠ヘ͡ハゅ∠ツ⊥Β∠プ ゅ⇔レ∠ジ∠ェ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲ∠ホ ∠ヮｚヤャや ⊥チ͡ゲ∇ボ⊥Α ン͡グｚャや や∠ク リｚョぴ
び⊥ヮ∠ャ
(Who is he t hat will lend Allah handsome loan: t hen (Allah) will increase it manifold t o his credit (in repaying),) and in anot her Ayah,
び⇔り∠ゲΒ͡ん∠ミ ゅ⇔プゅ∠バ∇ッ∠ぺぴ
(many t imes) (2:245), meaning, being handsome reward and t remendous provisions: Paradise on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "When t his Ayah,
⊥ヮ∠ヘ͡ハゅ∠ツ⊥Β∠プ ゅ⇔レ∠ジ∠ェ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲ∠ホ ∠ヮｚヤャや ⊥チ͡ゲ∇ボ⊥Α ン͡グｚャや や∠ク リｚョぴ
び⊥ヮ∠ャ
(Who is he t hat will lend Allah handsome loan: t hen (Allah) will increase it manifold t o his credit (in repaying),) was revealed, Abu Ad-Dahdah Al-Ansari said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Does Allah ask us for a loan' The Prophet said,
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ゥや∠ギ∇ェｚギャや ゅ∠よ∠ぺゅ∠Α ∩∇ユ∠バ∠ル
«
(Yes, O Abu Ad-Dahdah.) He said, ` Give me your hand, O Allah's Messenger,' and t he Prophet placed his hand in his hand. Abu Ad-Dahdah said, ` Verily, I have given my garden as a loan t o my Lord.' He had a garden t hat cont ained six hundred dat e t rees; his wife and children were living in t hat garden t oo. Abu Ad-Dahdah went t o his wife and called her, ` Umm Ad-Dahdah!' She said, ` Here I am.' He said, ` Leave t he garden, because I have given it as a loan t o my Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored.' She said, ` That is a successful t rade, O Abu Ad-Dahdah!' She t hen t ransferred her goods and children. The Messenger of Allah said,
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∠ハ ∇リ͡ョ ∇ユ∠ミ
ゥや∠ギ∇ェｚギャや ヶ͡よ∠ほ͡ャ ͡るｚレ∠イ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∃ゥや∠キ∠ケ ∃ベ∇グ
«
(How plent iful are t he sweet dat e clust ers t hat Abu Ad-Dahdah has in Paradise!)'' In anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said,
»
ヶ͡よ∠ほ͡ャ ∩∀れヲ⊥ホゅ∠Α∠ヱ ｘケ⊥キ ゅ∠ヰ⊥ホヱ⊥ゲ⊥ハ ∩∃りゅｚャ∠ギ⊥ョ ∃る∠ヤ∇ガ∠ル ｚゆ⊥ケ
ヶ͡プ ͡ゥや∠ギ∇ェｚギャや
るｚレ∠イ∇ャや
«
(How many a dat e t ree t hat has lowered down it s clust ers, which are full of pearls and gems in Paradise for Abu Ad-Dahdah!)
ユ⊥ワ⊥ケヲ⊥ル ヴ∠バ∇ジ∠Α ͡ろ⇒∠レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠リΒ͡レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ン∠ゲ∠ゎ ∠ュ∇ヲ∠Αぴ
∠ュ∇ヲ∠Β∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥ミや∠ゲ∇ゼ⊥よ ユ͡ヰ͡レ⇒∠ヨ∇Α∠ほ͡よ∠ヱ ∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇Α∠ぺ ∠リ∇Β∠よ
ン͡ゲ∇イ∠ゎ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ
⊥コ∇ヲ∠ヘ∇ャや ∠ヲ⊥ワ ∠マ͡ャ∠ク ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∠リΑ͡ギ͡ヤ⇒∠カ ⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルｘΙや ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ
⊥ユΒ͡ヌ∠バ∇ャや
-∠リΑ͡グｚヤ͡ャ ⊥ろ⇒∠ボ͡ヘ⇒∠レ⊥ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥ボ͡ヘ⇒∠レ⊥ヨ∇ャや ⊥メヲ⊥ボ∠Α ∠ュ∇ヲ∠Α
∇やヲ⊥バ͡ィ∇ケや ∠モΒ͡ホ ∇ユ⊥ミ͡ケヲぁル リ͡ョ ∇ザ͡ら∠わ∇ボ∠ル ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ゲ⊥ヌルや ∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
⇔やケヲ⊥ル ∇やヲ⊥ジ͡ヨ∠わ∇ャゅ∠プ ∇ユ⊥ミ∠￢へ∠ケ∠ヱ
⊥ヮｚャ ∃ケヲ⊥ジ͡よ ユ⊥ヰ∠レ∇Β∠よ ∠ゆ͡ゲ⊥ツ∠プ
⊥ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ͡ヮ͡ヤ∠ら͡ホ リ͡ョ ⊥ロ⊥ゲ͡ヰ⇒∠ニ∠ヱ ⊥る∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャや ͡ヮΒ͡プ ⊥ヮ⊥レ͡デゅ∠よ ∀ゆゅ∠よ
-∇ユ⊥わレ∠わ∠プ ∇ユ⊥ムｚレ͡ム⇒∠ャ∠ヱ ヴ∠ヤ∠よ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユ⊥ム∠バｚョ リ⊥ム∠ル ∇ユ∠ャ∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ルヱ⊥ギ⇒∠レ⊥Α
∠ェ ぁヴ͡ルゅ∠ョｘΙや ⊥ユ⊥ム∇ゎｚゲビ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥わ∇ら∠ゎ∇ケや∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥わ∇ダｚよ∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ジ⊥ヘル∠ぺ
ヴｚわ
⊥ケヱ⊥ゲ∠ピ∇ャや ͡ヮｚヤャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミｚゲ∠ビ∠ヱ ͡ヮｚヤャや ⊥ゲ∇ョ∠ぺ ∠￢べ∠ィ
-∠Ι ∠ュ∇ヲ∠Β∇ャゅ∠プ
⊥ユ⊥ミや∠ヱ∇ほ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ヘ∠ミ ∠リΑ͡グｚャや ∠リ͡ョ ∠Ι∠ヱ ∀る∠Α∇ギ͡プ ∇ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ⊥グ∠カ∇ぽ⊥Α
び ⊥ゲΒ͡ダ∠ヨ∇ャや ∠ザ∇ゃ͡よ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ム⇒∠ャ∇ヲ∠ョ ∠ヴ͡ワ ⊥ケゅｚレャや
(12. On t he Day you shall see t he believing men and t he believing women -- t heir light running forward before t hem and in t heir right hands. Glad t idings for you t his Day! Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise), t o dwell t herein forever! Truly, t his is t he great success!) (13. On t he Day when t he hypocrit es men and women will say t o t he believers: "Wait for us! Let us get somet hing from your light !'' It will be said: "Go back t o your rear! Then seek a light !'' So, a wall will be put up bet ween t hem, wit h a gat e t herein. Inside it will be mercy, and out side it will be t orment .) (14. (The hypocrit es) will call t he believers: "Were we not wit h you'' The believers will reply: "Yes! But you led yourselves int o t empt at ions, you looked forward t o our dest ruct ion; and you doubt ed, and you were deceived by false hopes, t ill t he command of Allah
came t o pass. And t he deceiver deceived you in regard t o Allah.'') (15. So, t his Day no ransom shall be t aken from you, nor of t hose who disbelieved. Your abode is t he Fire. That is your prot ect or, and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion.)
The Believers are awarded a Light on the Day of Resurrection,
according to Their Good Deeds
Allah t he Exalt ed st at es t hat t he believers who spend in charit y will come on t he Day of Resurrect ion wit h t heir light preceding t hem in t he area of t he Gat hering, according t o t he level of t heir good deeds. As report ed from ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud:
び∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇Α∠ぺ ∠リ∇Β∠よ ユ⊥ワ⊥ケヲ⊥ル ヴ∠バ∇ジ∠Αぴ
(t heir light running forward before t hem), he said, "They will pass over t he Sirat according t o t heir deeds. Some of t hem will have a light as large as a mount ain, some as a dat e t ree, some as big as a man in t he st anding posit ion. The least among t hem has a light as big as his index finger, it is lit at t imes and ext inguished at ot her t imes.'' Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir collect ed t his Hadit h. Ad-Dahhak comment ed on t he Ayah, "Everyone will be given a light on t he Day of Resurrect ion. When t hey arrive at t he Sirat , t he light of t he hypocrit es will be ext inguished. When t he believers see t his, t hey will be concerned t hat t heir light also will be ext inguished, j ust as t he light of t he hypocrit es was. This is when t he believers will invoke Allah, ` O our Lord! Perfect our light for us.''' Allah's st at ement ,
びユ͡ヰ͡レ⇒∠ヨ∇Α∠ほ͡よ∠ヱぴ
(and in t heir right hands.) Ad-Dahhak said: "Their Books of Records.'' As Allah said:
び͡ヮ͡レΒ͡ヨ∠Β͡よ ⊥ヮ∠ら⇒∠わ͡ミ ∠ヴ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∇リ∠ヨ∠プぴ
(So whosoever is given his record in his right hand.)(17:71) Allah said,
び⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルｘΙや ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イ∠ゎ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ∠ュ∇ヲ∠Β∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥ミや∠ゲ∇ゼ⊥よぴ
(Glad t idings for you t his Day! Gardens under which rivers flow,) meaning, it will be said t o t hem, "Receive glad t idings t his Day, of gardens beneat h which rivers flow,
びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∠リΑ͡ギ͡ヤ⇒∠カぴ
(t o dwell t herein forever!), you will remain t herein forever,''
び⊥ユΒ͡ヌ∠バ∇ャや ⊥コ∇ヲ∠ヘ∇ャや ∠ヲ⊥ワ ∠マ͡ャ∠クぴ
The Condition of the Hypocrites on the Day of Resurrection
Allah said,
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ ∠リΑ͡グｚヤ͡ャ ⊥ろ⇒∠ボ͡ヘ⇒∠レ⊥ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥ボ͡ヘ⇒∠レ⊥ヨ∇ャや ⊥メヲ⊥ボ∠Α ∠ュ∇ヲ∠Αぴ
び∇ユ⊥ミ͡ケヲぁル リ͡ョ ∇ザ͡ら∠わ∇ボ∠ル ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ゲ⊥ヌルや
(On t he Day when t he hypocrit es men and women will say t o t he believers: "Wait for us! Let us get somet hing from your light !'') Allah informs us in t his Ayah of t he t errible horrors, horrendous incident s and t remendous event s t hat will t ake place on t he Day of Resurrect ion in t he Gat hering Area. No one will be saved on t hat Day, except t hose who believed in Allah and His Messenger, obeyed Allah's commands and avoided His prohibit ions. Al-` Awfi, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers report ed from Ibn ` Abbas: "When t he people are gat hering in darkness, Allah will send light , and when t he believers see t he light t hey will march t owards it . This light will be t heir guide from Allah t o Paradise. When t he hypocrit es see t he believers following t he light , t hey will follow t hem. However, Allah will ext inguish t he light for t he hypocrit es and t hey will say (t o t he believers),
び∇ユ⊥ミ͡ケヲぁル リ͡ョ ∇ザ͡ら∠わ∇ボ∠ル ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ゲ⊥ヌルやぴ
(Wait for us! Let us get somet hing from your light .) The believers will reply by saying,
び∇ユ⊥ミ∠￢へ∠ケ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥バ͡ィ∇ケやぴ
` (Go back t o your rear!) t o t he dark area you were in, and look for a light t here!''' Allah said,
⊥る∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャや ͡ヮΒ͡プ ⊥ヮ⊥レ͡デゅ∠よ ∀ゆゅ∠よ ⊥ヮｚャ ∃ケヲ⊥ジ͡よ ユ⊥ヰ∠レ∇Β∠よ ∠ゆ͡ゲ⊥ツ∠プぴ
び⊥ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ͡ヮ͡ヤ∠ら͡ホ リ͡ョ ⊥ロ⊥ゲ͡ヰ⇒∠ニ∠ヱ
(So, a wall will be put up bet ween t hem, wit h a gat e t herein. Inside it will be mercy, and out side it will be t orment .) Al-Hasan and Qat adah said t hat t he wall ment ioned here is locat ed bet ween Paradise and Hellfire. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat t he wall ment ioned in t his Ayah is t he wall t hat Allah described in His st at ement ,
⊥ヰ∠レ∇Β∠よ∠ヱぴ
び∀ゆゅ∠イ͡ェ ゅ∠ヨ
(And bet ween t hem will be a (barrier) screen.)(7:46) Similar was report ed from Muj ahid and ot hers, and it is correct . Allah said,
び⊥る∠ヨ∇ェｚゲャや ͡ヮΒ͡プ ⊥ヮ⊥レ͡デゅ∠よぴ
(Inside it will be mercy,) meaning, Paradise and all t hat is in it ,
⊥ゲ͡ヰ⇒∠ニ∠ヱぴ
び⊥ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ͡ヮ͡ヤ∠ら͡ホ リ͡ョ ⊥ロ
(and out side it will be t orment .) meaning, t he Hellfire, according t o Qat adah, Ibn Zayd and ot hers. Allah said,
び∇ユ⊥ム∠バｚョ リ⊥ム∠ル ∇ユ∠ャ∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ルヱ⊥ギ⇒∠レ⊥Αぴ
((The hypocrit es) will call t he believers: "Were we not wit h you'') meaning, t he hypocrit es will call out t o t he believers saying, "Were we not wit h you in t he life of t he world, at t ending Friday prayers and congregat ional prayers Did we not st and wit h you on Mount ` Arafah (during Haj j ), part icipat e in bat t le by your side and perform all t ypes of act s of worship wit h you''
びヴ∠ヤ∠よ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ
(The believers will reply: "Yes!...'') The believers will answer t he hypocrit es by saying, "Yes, you were wit h us,
∇ユ⊥わ∇ら∠ゎ∇ケや∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥わ∇ダｚよ∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ジ⊥ヘル∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥わレ∠わ∠プ ∇ユ⊥ムｚレ͡ム⇒∠ャ∠ヱぴ
ｚゲビ∠ヱ
びぁヴ͡ルゅ∠ョｘΙや ⊥ユ⊥ム∇ゎ
(But you led yourselves int o t empt at ions, you looked forward t o our dest ruct ion; and you doubt ed (in fait h) and you were deceived by false hopes,) '' Qat adah said,
び∇ユ⊥わ∇ダｚよ∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ
(you looked forward t o dest ruct ion), "Of t he t rut h and it s people.''
び∇ユ⊥わ∇ら∠ゎ∇ケや∠ヱぴ
(and you doubt ed,) t hat Resurrect ion occurs aft er deat h,
びぁヴ͡ルゅ∠ョｘΙや ⊥ユ⊥ム∇ゎｚゲビ∠ヱぴ
(and you were deceived by false hopes,) meaning: you said t hat you will be forgiven your sins; or, t hey say it means: t his life deceived you;
び͡ヮｚヤャや ⊥ゲ∇ョ∠ぺ ∠￢べ∠ィ ヴｚわ∠ェぴ
(t ill t he command of Allah came t o pass.) meaning: you remained on t his pat h unt il deat h came t o you,
び⊥ケヱ⊥ゲ∠ピ∇ャや ͡ヮｚヤャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミｚゲ∠ビ∠ヱぴ
(And t he deceiver deceived you in regard t o Allah.) ` t he deceiver' being Shayt an. Qat adah said, "They were deceived by Ash-Shayt an. By Allah! They remained deceived unt il Allah cast t hem int o Hellfire.'' The meaning here is t hat t he believers will answer t he hypocrit es by saying, "You were wit h us in bodies which were heart less and devoid of int ent ions. You were cast in doubt and suspicion. You were showing off for people and remembered Allah, lit t le.'' Muj ahid comment ed, "The hypocrit es were wit h t he believers in t his life, marrying from among each ot her, yet bet raying t hem even when t hey were associat ing wit h t hem. They were dead. They will bot h be given a light on t he Day of Resurrect ion, but t he light of t he hypocrit es will be ext inguished when t hey reach t he wall; t his is when t he t wo camps separat e and part !'' Allah's st at ement ,
び⊥ケゅｚレャや ⊥ユ⊥ミや∠ヱ∇ほ∠ョぴ
(Your abode is t he Fire.) means, t he Fire is your final dest inat ion and t o it will be your ret urn for residence,
び∇ユ⊥ム⇒∠ャ∇ヲ∠ョ ∠ヴ͡ワぴ
(That is your prot ect or,) meaning, it is t he wort hy shelt er for you rat her t han any ot her residence, because of your disbelief and doubt , and how evil is t he Fire for Final Dest inat ion.
͡ヮｚヤャや ͡ゲ∇ミ͡グ͡ャ ∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥よヲ⊥ヤ⊥ホ ∠ノ∠ゼ∇ガ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ ∠リΑ͡グｚヤ͡ャ ͡ラ∇ほ∠Α ∇ユ∠ャ∠ぺぴ
∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∠リΑ͡グｚャゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ム∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱ あペ∠エ∇ャや ∠リ͡ョ ∠メ∠ゴ∠ル ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠ホ リ͡ョ ∠ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや
∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥よヲ⊥ヤ⊥ホ ∇ろ∠ジ∠ボ∠プ ⊥ギ∠ョｘΙや ⊥ユ͡ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∠メゅ∠ト∠プ ⊥モ∇ら
∠ラヲ⊥ボ͡ジ⇒∠プ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レあョ ∀ゲΒ͡ん∠ミ∠ヱ
-͡ヴ∇エ⊥Α ∠ヮｚヤャや ｚラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇ハや
∇ユ⊥ムｚヤ∠バ∠ャ ͡ろ⇒∠ΑｘΙや ⊥ユ⊥ム∠ャ ゅｚレｚΒ∠よ ∇ギ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰ͡ゎ∇ヲ∠ョ ∠ギ∇バ∠よ ∠チ∇ケｘΙや
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ͡ボ∇バ∠ゎ
(16. Has not t he t ime yet come for t he believers t hat t heir heart s should be humble for t he remembrance of Allah And t hat which has been revealed of t he t rut h, lest t hey become as
t hose who received t he Script ure before, and t he t erm was prolonged for t hem and so t heir heart s were hardened And many of t hem were rebellious.) (17. Know t hat Allah gives life t o t he eart h aft er it s deat h! Indeed We have made clear t he Ayat t o you, if you but underst and.) believers)
meaning, it is t he wort hy shelt er for you rat her t han any ot her residence, because of your disbelief and doubt , and how evil is t he Fire for Final Dest inat ion.
͡ヮｚヤャや ͡ゲ∇ミ͡グ͡ャ ∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥よヲ⊥ヤ⊥ホ ∠ノ∠ゼ∇ガ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ ∠リΑ͡グｚヤ͡ャ ͡ラ∇ほ∠Α ∇ユ∠ャ∠ぺぴ
∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∠リΑ͡グｚャゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ム∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱ あペ∠エ∇ャや ∠リ͡ョ ∠メ∠ゴ∠ル ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
ｘΙや ⊥ユ͡ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∠メゅ∠ト∠プ ⊥モ∇ら∠ホ リ͡ョ ∠ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや
∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥よヲ⊥ヤ⊥ホ ∇ろ∠ジ∠ボ∠プ ⊥ギ∠ョ
∠ラヲ⊥ボ͡ジ⇒∠プ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レあョ ∀ゲΒ͡ん∠ミ∠ヱ
-͡ヴ∇エ⊥Α ∠ヮｚヤャや ｚラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇ハや
∇ユ⊥ムｚヤ∠バ∠ャ ͡ろ⇒∠ΑｘΙや ⊥ユ⊥ム∠ャ ゅｚレｚΒ∠よ ∇ギ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰ͡ゎ∇ヲ∠ョ ∠ギ∇バ∠よ ∠チ∇ケｘΙや
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ͡ボ∇バ∠ゎ
(16. Has not t he t ime yet come for t he believers t hat t heir heart s should be humble for t he remembrance of Allah And t hat which has been revealed of t he t rut h, lest t hey become as t hose who received t he Script ure before, and t he t erm was prolonged for t hem and so t heir heart s were hardened And many of t hem were rebellious.) (17. Know t hat Allah gives life t o t he eart h aft er it s deat h! Indeed We have made clear t he Ayat t o you, if you but underst and.)
Encouraging Khushu` and the Prohibition of imitating the People of
the Scriptures
Allah asks, ` Has not t he t ime come for t he believers t o feel humilit y in t heir heart s by t he remembrance of Allah and hearing subt le advice and t he recit at ion of t he Qur'an, so t hat t hey may comprehend t he Qur'an, abide by it , and hear and obey Muslim recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "Only four years separat ed our accept ance of Islam and t he revelat ion of t his Ayah, in which Allah subt ly admonished us,
͡ゲ∇ミ͡グ͡ャ ∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥よヲ⊥ヤ⊥ホ ∠ノ∠ゼ∇ガ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ ∠リΑ͡グｚヤ͡ャ ͡ラ∇ほ∠Α ∇ユ∠ャ∠ぺぴ
び͡ヮｚヤャや
(Has not t he t ime yet come for t he believers t hat t heir heart s should be humble for t he remembrance of Allah)'' This is t he narrat ion Muslim collect ed, j ust before t he end of his book. An-Nasa'i also collect ed t his Hadit h in t he Tafsir of t his Ayah. Allah's st at ement ,
͡ョ ∠ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∠リΑ͡グｚャゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ム∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱぴ
∠メゅ∠ト∠プ ⊥モ∇ら∠ホ リ
び∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥よヲ⊥ヤ⊥ホ ∇ろ∠ジ∠ボ∠プ ⊥ギ∠ョｘΙや ⊥ユ͡ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
(Lest t hey become as t hose who received t he Script ure before, and t he t erm was prolonged for t hem and so t heir heart s were hardened) Allah is prohibit ing t he believers from imit at ing t hose who were given t he Script ures before t hem, t he Jews and Christ ians. As t ime passed, t hey changed t he Book of Allah t hat t hey had, and sold it for a small, miserable price. They also abandoned Allah's Book behind t heir back and were impressed and consumed by various opinions and false creeds. They imit at ed t he way ot hers behaved wit h t he religion of Allah, making t heir rabbis and priest s int o gods beside Allah. Consequent ly, t heir heart s became hard and t hey would not accept advice; t heir heart s did not feel humbled by Allah's promises or t hreat s,
び∠ラヲ⊥ボ͡ジ⇒∠プ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レあョ ∀ゲΒ͡ん∠ミ∠ヱぴ
(And many of t hem were rebellious.) meaning, in act ion; t herefore, t heir heart s are corrupt and t heir act ions are invalid, j ust as Allah t he Exalt ed said,
⊥ヰ∠ボ⇒∠んΒあョ ユ͡ヰ͡ツ∇ボ∠ル ゅ∠ヨ͡ら∠プぴ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠よヲ⊥ヤ⊥ホ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ヰ⇒ｚレバ∠ャ ∇ユ
ゅｚヌ∠ェ ∇やヲ⊥ジ∠ル∠ヱ ͡ヮ͡バ͡ッ∠ヲｚョ リ∠ハ ∠ユ͡ヤ∠ム∇ャや ∠ラヲ⊥プあゲ∠エ⊥Α ⇔る∠Β͡シゅ∠ホ
び͡ヮ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ͡ミ⊥ク ゅｚヨあョ
(So, because of t heir breach of t heir covenant , We cursed t hem and made t heir heart s grow hard. They changed t he words from t heir (right ) places and have abandoned a good part of t he Message t hat was sent t o t hem.)(5:13) meaning, t heir heart s became corrupt and t hey hardened, and t hey acquired t he behavior of changing Allah's Speech from t heir appropriat e places and meanings. They abandoned act s of worship t hat t hey were commanded t o perform and commit t ed what t hey were prohibit ed t o do. This is why Allah forbade t he believers from imit at ing t hem in any way, be it basic or det ailed mat t ers. Allah t he Exalt ed said,
ｚラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇ハやぴ
ゅｚレｚΒ∠よ ∇ギ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰ͡ゎ∇ヲ∠ョ ∠ギ∇バ∠よ ∠チ∇ケｘΙや ͡ヴ∇エ⊥Α ∠ヮｚヤャや
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ͡ボ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユ⊥ムｚヤ∠バ∠ャ ͡ろ⇒∠ΑｘΙや ⊥ユ⊥ム∠ャ
(Know t hat Allah gives life t o t he eart h aft er it s deat h! Indeed We have made clear t he Ayat t o you, if you but underst and.) This Ayah indicat es t hat He brings subt leness t o heart s aft er t hey have become hard, guides t he confused aft er t hey were led ast ray, and relieves hardships aft er t hey have int ensified. And j ust as Allah brings life back t o t he dead and dry eart h by sending t he needed abundant rain, He also guides t he hardened heart s wit h t he proofs and evidences of t he Qur'an. The light (of fait h) would have access t o t he heart s once again, aft er t hey were closed and, as a consequence, no guidance was able t o reach t hem. All praise is due t o Him Who guides whomever He wills aft er t hey were misguided, Who misguides t hose who were led
aright before. Surely, it is He Who does what He wills and He is t he All-Wise, t he Most Just in all t hat He does, t he Most Subt le, t he Most Aware, t he Most High, t he Proud.
∠ヮｚヤャや ∇やヲ⊥ッ∠ゲ∇ホ∠ぺ∠ヱ ͡ろ⇒∠ホあギｚダ⊥ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠リΒ͡ホあギｚダ⊥ヨ∇ャや ｚラ͡まぴ
∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ⊥ブ∠バ⇒∠ツ⊥Α ⇔ゅレ∠ジ∠ェ ⇔ゅッ∇ゲ∠ホ
-∠ラヲ⊥ボΑあギあダャや ⊥ユ⊥ワ ∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺ ͡ヮ͡ヤ⊥シ⊥ケ∠ヱ ͡ヮｚヤャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ ∠リΑ͡グｚャや∠ヱ
⊥ル∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ワ⊥ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ∇ユ͡ヰあよ∠ケ ∠ギレ͡ハ ⊥￢へ∠ギ∠ヰぁゼャや∠ヱ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ワ⊥ケヲ
び ͡ユΒ͡エ∠イ∇ャや ⊥ょ⇒∠エ∇タ∠ぺ ∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠レ͡わ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よｚグ∠ミ∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ヘ∠ミ
(18. Verily, t hose who give Sadaqat , men and women, and lend Allah handsome loan, it shall be increased manifold (t o t heir credit ), and t heirs shall be an honorable good reward.) (19. And t hose who believe in Allah and His Messengers. t hey are t he Siddiqun (t rue believers) and t he mart yrs wit h t heir Lord. They shall have t heir reward and t heir light . But t hose who disbelieve and deny Our Ayat -- t hey shall be t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire.)
Reward for the Charitable, the True Believers and the Martyrs; and
the Destination of the Disbelievers
Allah t he Exalt ed describes t he reward t hat He will award t o t hose who spend from t heir wealt h, whet her male or female, on t he needy, t he poor and t he meek,
びゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ⇔ゅレ∠ジ∠ェ ⇔ゅッ∇ゲ∠ホ ∠ヮｚヤャやぴ
(and lend Allah handsome loan,) meaning, t hey give in charit y wit h a good heart seeking t he pleasure of Allah. They do not seek worldly rewards or appreciat ion from t hose t o whom t hey give in charit y. Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ⊥ブ∠バ⇒∠ツ⊥Αぴ
(it shall be increased manifold,) indicat ing t hat He will mult iply t he good deeds from t enfold, up t o seven hundredfold and even more t han t hat ,
び∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ∠ヱぴ
(and t heirs shall be an honorable good reward.) t heirs will be a generous, handsome reward, a good dwelling t o ret urn t o and an honorable final dest inat ion. Allah's st at ement ,
⊥ユ⊥ワ ∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺ ͡ヮ͡ヤ⊥シ⊥ケ∠ヱ ͡ヮｚヤャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ ∠リΑ͡グｚャや∠ヱぴ
び∠ラヲ⊥ボΑあギあダャや
(And t hose who believe in Allah and His Messengers -- t hey are t he Siddiqun) This complet es His descript ion of t hose who have fait h in Him and in His Messengers, by describing t hem as Siddiqun, t rue believers. Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas about
͡ヮｚヤャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ ∠リΑ͡グｚャや∠ヱぴ
⊥ユ⊥ワ ∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺ ͡ヮ͡ヤ⊥シ⊥ケ∠ヱ
び∠ラヲ⊥ボΑあギあダャや
(And t hose who believe in Allah and His Messengers -- t hey are t he Siddiqun) t hat it s meaning does not cont inue t o t he next Ayah,
び∇ユ⊥ワ⊥ケヲ⊥ル∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ワ⊥ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ ∇ユ͡ヰあよ∠ケ ∠ギレ͡ハ ⊥￢へ∠ギ∠ヰぁゼャや∠ヱぴ
(and t he mart yrs (are) wit h t heir Lord. They shall have t heir reward and t heir light .) Abu Ad-Duha (st opped aft er he) recit ed,
び∠ラヲ⊥ボΑあギあダャや ⊥ユ⊥ワ ∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺぴ
(t hey are t he Siddiqun), t hen init iat ed recit at ion:
び∇ユ͡ヰあよ∠ケ ∠ギレ͡ハ ⊥￢へ∠ギ∠ヰぁゼャや∠ヱぴ
(and t he mart yrs (are) wit h t heir Lord.) Masruq, Ad-Dahhak, Muqat il bin Hayyan and ot hers said similarly. Al-A` mash narrat ed from Abu Ad-Duha from Masruq from ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユ͡ヰあよ∠ケ ∠ギレ͡ハ ⊥￢へ∠ギ∠ヰぁゼャや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥ボΑあギあダャや ⊥ユ⊥ワ ∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺぴ
(t hey are t he Siddiqun, and t he mart yrs wit h t heir Lord.) "They are of t hree cat egories,'' meaning t here are t hose who spend in charit y, t he Siddiqun and t he mart yrs. Allah t he Exalt ed said,
