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過疎山村に住む高齢女性の主観的幸福感 : 岡山県鏡野町富地域の事例

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(1)ч࣌ଡ଼ᑎ‫ޙ۾‬ǽଡ଼ᑎ޴ᡇ‫ᝲޙ‬ᪿǽቼ14հǽ2013ࢳ 3 ఌǽpp.123ᴪ134. ᤈႾࠞరȾͳɓᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ źࠥࠞᅇᨢ᥿႔ߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ̜΍ź. ᥿ǽ᤯ǽ୑ǽ᪽ * ᴥࢲ਽24ࢳ 6 ఌ19ஓՙ͇ᴩࢲ਽24ࢳ12ఌ 6 ஓՙျᴦ. Happiness of Elderly Women in a Mountain Village in Japanᴷ The Case of Tomi Area of Kagamino Town in Okayama Prefecture NOBE Masao * ǽThe purpose of this paper is to explore factors which affect the subjective well-being of elderly women in a mountain village. To gather empirical evidence, a survey of elderly women who were between 65 and 79 years of age was conducted in 2006 in Tomi area of Kagamino Town, Japan. In the present study, data of 104 respondents were analysed. Analysis of the data has revealed the following; ḧThe healthier elderly women were, the happier they felt. Moreover, the more relationships they had with friends, the happier they felt. Among the factors, health had by far the strongest influence upon the feeling of happiness, and friend relationships had the second strongest influence. ḨKinship and neighbour relationships had negative influence upon the feeling of happiness. ḩElderly women in Tomi area felt less happy than such women in Okayama City. Key Words: subjective well-being, elderly women, mountain village, social relationships, group participation. 1 問題の所在. ᄑ٥ͱᴩᇋ͢ᩜΡɥֆɔȲᇋ͢ᄑ๊Ӧȟ˿ᛵȽᛵ‫ى‬Ⱥȕ. ǽஓట̷Ɂࢲ٫ߧ֤ɂᕻȪȢ࣫Ɇᴩ2011ࢳး٣ᴩ႒ॴȺ. ɞȻȗșȦȻȺȕȶȲǿȰȪȹᴩȈϧ࣐ᴩጽຑ࿡มᴩᇋ͢. ɂ79.6දᴩ‫ॴܤ‬Ⱥɂ86.4දȻȽȶȲǿȰɁፀ౓ᴩஓట̷Ɂ. ᩜΡȟៈȞȺȕɞȦȻȟࢶᇩȽᐍऻɥȝȢɞɁȾ᥾ᛵȺ. ʳɮʟɿɮɹʵɂ‫۾‬ȠȢ۰ԇȪȲǿ̾ஓᴩ̜̈́ɥᣝᐳȪ. ȕɝᴩȽȞȺɕϧ࣐ȺȕɞȦȻȟఊɕ᥾ᛵȺȕɞȉ(2)Ȼȗ. Ȳɝᴩ‫ފ‬Ζȟ਽̷Ȫȹᒲ቏ȪȲɝȪȲऻᴩ10ࢳ͏˨ɕ̷. șȦȻȟȰɁፀᝲȺȕȶȲǿȦɁፀᝲɂȕɑɝȾछȲɝ. ႆɥȝȢɞȦȻȟȧȢௐᣮɁȦȻȻȽȶȲǿȰȦȺᴩ۹. ҰȺȕȶȲȲɔȾᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ɂᛵ‫ى‬ɥ૘ሱȪɛșȻ. ȢɁ̷ȁȾȻȶȹЭ޴ȪȲࢶᇩȽᐍऻɥȝȢɞȦȻɂҒ. ȬɞᆅሱᐐɁ৙ඕȟȰȟɟȹȪɑȗᴩȦɁґ᥿Ɂᆅሱɂ. ޴Ƚ᭐ఖȻȽȶȹȗɞǿȦșȪȲ࿡มɁ˹Ⱥᴩɬʫʴɵ. ȦȦ10ࢳᩖɎȼȕɑɝᄱɦȺȽȗǿȪȞȪȽȟɜᴩఝᜓ. ɗஓటɁᇋ͢ᐍࢳ‫ޙ‬ᐐɂࢶᇩȺႆȠȟȗɥ޴৞ȺȠɞᯚ. ขɁᝥᭉȟරȨɟȹȝɝᴩȰșȪȲᝥᭉɥᜓขȬɞȦȻ. ᳮఙɥ޴းȬɞస͔ɥᜓ஥ȬɞᆅሱɥࠕᩒȪȹȠȲǿ. ȟ෰ɔɜɟȹȗɞǿȰșȪȲఝᜓขɁᝥᭉɁ 1 ȷȟᴩ᥆. ǽᯚᳮᐐɁࢶᇩ৞Ɂᆅሱɂ๊ӦျᝲɁ೫ᜳɥɔȩȪȹɕ. ࢍ࣊ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȻȼɁɛșȾᩜᣵȪȹȗɞȞȻȗș. ȻɕȻܿɔɜɟȲǿ๊ӦျᝲȻɂᴩۤࢳఙȻպȫɛșȾ. ȦȻȺȕɞǿि఼ɁᆅሱɁ۹ȢȺɂᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ⱦफ. ๊ᄉȾ๊ӦȪፖȤɞȦȻȟࢶᇩȾᐍȗɞȲɔɁస͔Ⱥȕ. ᬭɥՒɏȬρ̷Ɂࠖॴɗί఍Ȭɞᇋ͢ᩜΡɥ૘ሱȪȹȠ. ɞȻȗșɕɁȺȕɞǿᆅሱᐐɂᇋ͢ᄑ๊Ӧɥ࿲቏۰ୣȻ. ȲǿȦɟȾߦȪᴩ᥆ࢍ࣊ɁႱȽɞ٥‫ڒ‬ȾࠊͳȬɞȦȻȾ. Ȫᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȬɞґ౏ౕጸɒɁ˹Ⱥᴩ. ɛȶȹᴩᯚᳮᐐɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȺࢃႱȟȕɞȞȼșȞɥ. ᇋ͢ᄑ๊Ӧɥ๊ᄉȾȝȦȽșȦȻȟᯚȗ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ȼ. ᜓ஥ȬɞȦȻȟȰɁᝥᭉȺȕɞǿȷɑɝᴩ᥆ࢍȾࠊͳȬ. ᩜᣵॴɁȕɞȦȻɥʑ˂ʉȾɛȶȹ೫ ᜳȪɛșȻȪȲǿ. ɞᯚᳮᐐȻᣁࠞరȾࠊͳȬɞᯚᳮᐐȻȺɂᴩȼȴɜɁ˿. ᇋ͢ᄑ๊Ӧɂρ̷ȟͅᐐȻȼɁȢɜȗᇋ͢ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀ. ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȗȞȻȗșȦȻȺȕɞǿ. ɦȺȗɞȞȾɛȶȹລްȺȠɞȞɜᴩᇋ͢ᩜΡȻ˿ᜊᄑ. ǽ᥿᤯ (3)ɂᴩ٥஁˹ಎ᥆ࢍɁࠥࠞࢍȺᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂᝩ౼ɥȞ. ࢶᇩ৞ȻɁᩜᣵॴɥᣜሱȬɞȦȻȟ˹॑ᄑȽᆅሱʐ˂ʨ. ȷȹ޴ஃȪȲǿȦɁᝩ౼Ȼպȫ ‫ץ‬ɥႊȗȹᴩࠥࠞᅇɁ. (1). ȺȕȶȲ ǿ. ᤈႾࠞరȺȕɞᨢ᥿႔ߋ٥‫ڒ‬ᴥகᴩߋరᴦȺᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ⱦ. ǽȰșȪȲᝩ౼ᆅሱȺҜ஥ȪȲȦȻɂᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ⱦ. ᝩ౼ɥ޴ஃȪȲǿటሟȺɂᴩ᥆ࢍȾࠊͳȬɞᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ȼ. फᬭɥՒɏȬᛵ‫ى‬ɂɎɏˢްȺȕɝᴩϧ࣐࣊ᴩᇋ͢ጽຑ. ෗ᢎȪȽȟɜᴩࠞరȾࠊͳȬɞᯚᳮᐐɁ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɥ. * ࠥࠞ‫ޙ۾‬ᴥOkayama Universityᴦ. ᴪ 123 ᴪ.

(2) ᜓ஥ȬɞǿщͶᄑȾɂᴩඒɁ 3 ཟɁᜓ஥ɥȝȦȽșǿቼ 1. ᐍ̷ɹʳʠᴥᐍ̷͢ᴦȽȼɁɛșȾᴩȕɞ٥‫ڒ‬ȾͳɦȺ. Ⱦᴩߋ٥‫ڒ‬ȻࠥࠞࢍɁʑ˂ʉɥ෗ᢎȬɞȦȻȾɛȶȹᴩ. ȗɞˢްɁࠖॴɥ຿ȲȬ˰࢛ɗ̷ɂӏоȬɞȦȻȟఙश. ᤈႾࠞరȾͳɓᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɂ᥆ࢍȾͳɓᯚ. Ȩɟȹȗɞᴥ‫ک‬նȾɛȶȹɂᴩӏоȟऐҤᄑȺȕɞᴦᪿ. ᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɛɝɕᯚȗȞȼșȞɥ஥ɜȞȾȬɞǿቼ 2 Ⱦᴩߋ. ‫ي‬ȺȕɞɁȾߦȪᴩऻᐐɂᒲɜɁᒾ֞ɗᩜ॑ɥ޴းȬɞ. ٥‫ڒ‬ȻࠥࠞࢍɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɁᩖȾ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȺࢃႱȟȕ. ȲɔȾᒲᄉᄑȾӏоȬɞᪿ‫ي‬ȺȕɞǿȦɁȦȻȞɜᴩᦣ. ɞȻȠᴩȽȯ᥆ࢍ࣊ɁᤏȗȾɛȶȹȰșȪȲࢃႱȟȕɞ. జ(15)ɂҰᐐȟ࢜ࠖ˿ᏲᄑȺȕɝᴩऻᐐȟഈ᎝˿ᏲᄑȺȕ. Ȟɥ૘ጪȬɞǿቼ 3 Ⱦᴩߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ⱦͳɓᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂʑ˂ʉ. ɞȻȗȶȹȗɞǿ᥿᤯(3)(7)ɂᴩȈᠲ֞Ɂ͢ˁʃʧ˂ʎ‫ي‬Ͷȉ. ɥґ౏ȬɞȦȻȾɛɝᴩᤈႾࠞరȾͳɓᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊ. ɗȈޭଡ଼ᪿ‫ي‬ȉȻȗȶȲᒲ˿ӏо‫ټ‬ᪿ‫ي‬ȾӏоȬɞᯚᳮ. ᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾफᬭɥՒɏȬᛵ‫ى‬ɥ஥ɜȞȾȬɞǿ. ‫ॴܤ‬ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȗȦȻɥ஥ɜȞȾȪȲǿᒲ˿ӏ. (4). ǽ˨᥿ ȟ‫ܤ‬ᎅȻȗșɛșȾᴩ‫ॴܤ‬ɂ႒ॴɛɝɕᇋ͢ᩜΡ. о‫ټ‬ᪿ‫ي‬ȾӏоȬɞᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂȰɁᪿ‫ي‬Ɂ˹ȺͅɁ̷ȁ. ɥ՘ɝፀɆɗȬȗȞɜᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂᯚᳮ႒ॴɛɝɕ۹റ. Ȼˢ፳Ⱦ๊ӦȪȹᒲґɁᒾ֞ɥ຿ᠴȨȮȲɝᴩᩜ॑ɥЭ. Ƚʛ˂ʇʔʵˁʗʍʒʹ˂ɹɥί఍ȪȹȗɞȻᐎțɜɟ. ȲȪȲɝȬɞȦȻȟȺȠɞȞɜᴩȰșȪȲ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊᄑ. ɞǿȰȦȺᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɥᝩ౼ߦ៎ᐐȾȪȲ஁ȟᴩᇋ͢ᩜ. ࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȞȶȲȻᜓ᥺ȺȠɞǿ. Ρȟ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾՒɏȬӛ౓ɥ೫ᜳȪɗȬȗȻ̙৊Ȩ. ǽ٪᥿Ȼూ๜౑(16)ɂஓటпّ20Ɂ٥஁ᒲผͶȺ޴ஃȨɟ. ɟɞǿᝩ౼៾ᦂɁҤጙȟȕȶȲɁȺᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɥᝩ౼ߦ. Ȳᝩ౼ʑ˂ʉɥґ౏ȪȲǿȰɟȾɛɟɃᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞. ៎ᐐȾȬɞȦȻȾȪȲ(าᴮ)ǿ. ɥഫ਽Ȭɞ1 ‫ފى‬Ⱥȕɞᇋ͢ᄑࢶᇩ৞ᴥᇋ͢ᄑඒЫɁඕ෰ ȟ຿ȲȨɟȹȗɞ࿡ৰᴦɂ᥆ࢍ࣊ᴥ᥆ࢍ̷ٚՠ᛼ൌᴦȻ. 2 仮説の提起. ᩜᣵȟȕɝᴩ᥆ࢍ࣊ȟᯚȗ٥‫ڒ‬ȾࠊͳȬɞᯚᳮᐐɎȼᇋ. ǽаᚐᆅሱȺᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾफᬭɥՒɏȬ˿ᛵȽᛵ‫ى‬. ͢ᄑࢶᇩ৞ɂᯚȞȶȲǿȰȪȹᴩ᥆ࢍ࣊ȟᇋ͢ᄑࢶᇩ৞. ɂϧ࣐࣊ᴩᇋ͢ጽຑᄑ٥ͱᴩᇋ͢ᩜΡȾɛȶȹລްȨɟ. ȾՒɏȬӛ౓ɂᴩ႒ॴɛɝɕ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ஁ȟ‫۾‬ȠȞȶȲǿ᥆. ɞᇋ͢ᄑ๊ӦȺȕɞȦȻȟ஥ɜȞȾȨɟȹȗɞǿȦɟɜ. ࢍȺɂႆ๊ȾȝȤɞ۹ᬂᄑȽൡ͢ᴥͳɓᴩЄȢᴩ‫ޙ‬ɉᴩ. Ɂᛵ‫ى‬Ɂșȴᴩᇋ͢ᄑ๊Ӧɂఊɕ଩ͽȪɗȬȗȞɜᴩᆅ. ᤅɉȽȼᴦȟᪿሥȪȹȗɞǿयɜɁᜓ᥺ȾɛɟɃᴩ᥆ࢍ. ሱᐐɂȦɟɑȺ۹‫۾‬Ƚᩜ॑ɥᇋ͢ᄑ๊ӦȾ߆ȮȹȠȲǿ. ࣊Ɂᯚȗ٥‫ڒ‬ȾͳɓᯚᳮᐐɁᇋ͢ᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȞȶȲɁ. ȰȪȹᴩᯚᳮᐐȟៈߋȽᇋ͢ᩜΡɥધȷȦȻɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶ. ɂᴩൡ͢Ɂᪿሥȟ‫۾‬Ƞȗ٥‫ڒ‬Ɏȼᯚᳮᐐȟᇋ͢ᩜΡɥढ. ᇩ৞ɥᯚɔɞȻȗșፀ౓ɥीȹȗɞǿȪȞȪᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶ. ਽Ȫȹᇋ͢ᄑ๊ӦɥȝȦȽțɞȞɜȺȕɞȻȗșǿ. ᇩ৞ȾफᬭɥՒɏȬᇋ͢ᩜΡɂᴩᝩ౼ȾɛȶȹᄾᤏȪȹ. ǽᯚᳮᐐɁᇋ͢ᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟ᥆ࢍ࣊ɁᄾᤏȬɞ٥‫ڒ‬ɁᩖȺ. (5)(6). (2). ࢃႱȟȕɞȻȬɟɃᴩɗɂɝᯚᳮᐐɁ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɕȰ. ᴩպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡ(3)(7)ᴩᜆ஋ᩜΡ(8)ᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡ(7)ᴩՓ̷ᩜΡ(3). șȪȲ٥‫ڒ‬ɁᩖȺࢃႱȟȕɞȻȗșȦȻȾȽɞǿȰȦ. ᴩպࠊ‫ފ‬ȟȗɞȦȻ. ȗȲǿ΍țɃᴩᥓϭᐐȟȗɞȦȻ (5). (5)(7)(8). (1). Ɂ۹ȗȦȻᴩᇋ͢ᩜΡɁ፱Ͷ ȟ۹ȗȦȻᴩᇋ͢ᄑȾ. ፋնȨɟȹȗɞȦȻ. (9)(10). ȻȗșɛșȾᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɥᯚ. Ⱥᴩ٪᥿Ȼూ๜౑Ɂ੔ᝢɥඒɁɛșȾ᜘ȗ૰țɞȦȻȟ ȺȠɞǿᯚᳮᐐȟȝȦȽșȦȻɁȺȠɞᇋ͢ᄑ๊Ӧɂ᥆. ɔɞᇋ͢ᩜΡɁሗ᭒ɂᝩ౼ȧȻȾႱȽȶȹȗȲǿ. ࢍ࣊ɁႱȽɞ٥‫ڒ‬ɁᩖȺࢃႱȟȕɝᴩ᥆ࢍ࣊Ɂᯚȗ٥‫ڒ‬. ǽஓటɁаᚐᆅሱȺɂᴩϧ࣐࣊ᴩᇋ͢ጽຑᄑ٥ͱᴩᇋ͢. Ɂᯚᳮᐐɂ᥆ࢍ࣊ɁͲȗ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮᐐɛɝɕᇋ͢ᩜΡɥ. (11)(12)(13). (14). Ȼ߿ഈɁ఍ི ȟ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞. ढ਽Ȫȹᇋ͢ᄑ๊Ӧɥ๊ᄉȾȝȦȽșȦȻȟȺȠɞǿȰ. ȾफᬭɥՒɏȬᛵ‫ى‬ȺȕɞȦȻȟ‫֖ڨ‬ȨɟȹȗɞǿȰȪ. ɁȲɔȾᴩ᥆ࢍ࣊Ɂᤏș٥‫ڒ‬ɁᩖȺᯚᳮᐐɁ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ. ᩜΡ͏۶Ⱦᴩࢳᳮ. ȹᴩࢳᳮȟͲȗɎȼᯚᳮᐐɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȢᴩ߿ഈ. ৞ɂࢃȟȕɝᴩ᥆ࢍ࣊Ɂᯚȗ٥‫ڒ‬ȾࠊͳȬɞᯚᳮᐐɁ஁. ȪȹȗɞᯚᳮᐐɂིᐳɁᯚᳮᐐɛɝɕ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚ. ȟ᥆ࢍ࣊ɁͲȗ٥‫ڒ‬Ⱦͳɓᯚᳮᐐɛɝɕᯚȗǿ٪᥿Ȼూ. ȗȻȗșፀ౓ȺȕȶȲǿȦɟɂᴩඒɁɛșȾᜓ᥺ȺȠɞǿ. ๜౑ɁឰᝲɥȦɁɛșȾ୧ᚑȬɞȦȻȞɜᴩ᥆ࢍ࣊Ȼ˿. ࢳᳮȟͲȗᯚᳮᐐɂаɁ̷ႆȟɑȳᩋȢᴩ̷ႆɥഒᜊᄑˁ. ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȻɁᩜᣵॴȾȷȗȹඒɁ͑ᝢɥ૬ᠭȺȠɞǿ. ᑌްᄑȾȻɜțɞȦȻȟȺȠɞȞɜᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚ. ǽᴥ ͑ ᝢ 1 ᴦ᥆ࢍ࣊Ɂᯚȗ٥‫ڒ‬Ⱦͳɓᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂᴩ᥆ࢍ. ȗǿɑȲᴩ̜̈́ɥȪȹȗɞȻႆȠ႐୰ɥધȹɞȞɜᴩ߿. ࣊ɁͲȗ٥‫ڒ‬Ⱦͳɓᯚᳮᐐɛɝɕᇋ͢ᄑ๊ӦɥȝȦȽț. ഈȪȹȗɞᯚᳮᐐɂིᐳɁᯚᳮᐐɛɝɕ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟ. ɞȦȻȞɜ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȗǿ. ᯚȗǿ. ǽɑȲᴩȰɁͅɁаᚐᆅሱɁፀ౓Ȟɜᴩߋ٥‫ڒ‬ȾࠊͳȬ. ǽȻȦɠȺᴩᯚᳮᐐɂᇋ͢ᄑ๊Ӧɥɮʽʟɳ˂ʨʵȽᇋ. ɞᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɥ᛼ްȬɞᛵ‫ى‬ȾȷȗȹඒɁ. ͢ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀɉᄾਖ਼ȻȝȦȽșȳȤȺȽȢᴩʟɳ˂ʨ. ͑ᝢɥ૬ᠭȺȠɞǿ. ʵȽᪿ‫ي‬Ɂ˹ȺɕȝȦȽșǿȰȦȺᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂᪿ‫ي‬ӏ. ǽᴥ ͑ ᝢ 2 ᴦϧ࣐࣊ᴩᇋ͢ጽຑᄑ٥ͱᴩᇋ͢ᩜΡȟᯚᳮ. оȻ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȻɁᩜᣵȾȷȗȹɕᆅሱȨɟȹȗɞǿ. ᐐɁ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾफᬭɥՒɏȬ˿ᛵȽᛵ‫ى‬ȺȕɞǿȰ. ᪿ‫ي‬ɂȈᒲӦӏо‫ټ‬ȉᪿ‫ي‬ȻȈᒲ˿ӏо‫ټ‬ȉᪿ‫ي‬Ȼȗș 2. Ȫȹᴩϧ࣐Ⱥᴩᯚȗᇋ͢ጽຑᄑ٥ͱɁᴩ۹ȢɁᇋ͢ᩜΡ. ȷɁ᭒‫ټ‬ȾґȤɞȦȻȟȺȠɞǿҰᐐɂ႔ю͢ᴩ‫̷͢ݤ‬ᴩ. ɥ՘ɝፀɦȺȗɞᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂᴩᯚȗ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɥધȶ. ᴪ 124 ᴪ.

(3) ȹȗɞǿ. టᆅሱȺґ౏Ȭɞ65ද͏˨80දఝ຿Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂൈటୣ. ǽᴥ ͑ᝢ 3 ᴦ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾफᬭɥՒɏȬᛵ‫ى‬Ɂ˹Ⱥᴩ. ɂ166Ⱥȕɞ(าᴯ)ǿൈటɁ޿஋ഫ਽ɂԨᡵ˰࢛19.3ᴢᴩ‫ݤ܁‬. ϧ࣐࣊ȟఊɕ᥾ᛵȽᛵ‫ى‬Ⱥȕɞǿ. ɁɒɁ˰࢛36.1ᴢȺȕɝᴩൈటɁࢲ٫ࢳᳮɂ70.4දᴥൈໄ. ǽᴥ ͑ ᝢ 4 ᴦࢳᳮȟͲȗɎȼᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞. ϡࢃᴩ4.1ᴦȺȕɞǿ. ɂᯚȗǿɑȲᴩ߿ഈȪȹȗɞᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂིᐳɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ ¨³©ǽᝩ౼஁ศ. ɛɝɕ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȗǿ ǽᴥ ͑ ᝢ 5 ᴦᒲ˿ӏо‫ټ‬ᪿ‫ي‬ȾӏоȪȹȗɞᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ. ǽ࿲቏۰ୣɂඒɁɛșȺȕɞǿ͑ᝢ 1 Ⱥᴩϧ࣐࣊ᴩᇋ͢. ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɂᯚȗǿ. ጽຑᄑ٥ͱᴩᇋ͢ᩜΡɥ࿲቏۰ୣȻȪȹ՘ɝ˨ȥȲǿȦ ɟɜɂᴩඒɁɛșȾລްȪȲǿɑȭᴩϧ࣐࣊ɂᴩ4ᴥϧ࣐ᴦ Ȟɜ 1ᴥϧ࣐ȺȽȗᴦɑȺɁ 4 ෉᪡Ⱥᴩ‫و‬ኌᐐȟᒲࢄ᜻Ι. 3 調査の概要 ¨±©ǽߋ٥‫ڒ‬ȺɁᝩ౼. ȪȲɕɁȺȕɞǿඒȾᴩᇋ͢ጽຑᄑ٥ͱȻȪȹ‫ޙ‬ධᴩᐳ. ǽᨢ᥿႔ߋ٥‫ڒ‬ɂᴩࠥࠞᅇɁԈ᥂Ⱦȕɝᴩᔏႎ᤿Ɂᛴብ. ഈᴩՖоȻȗȶȲ઩ൈȟȕɞȟᴩаᚐᆅሱȺɂ‫ޙ‬ධ(11)Ȼ. ȾͱᏚȬɞǿߋ٥‫ڒ‬ɂూᛴጙ11.5ɷʷᴩԧԈጙ11ɷʷȕ. Ֆо(2)(8)(9)(12)ȟ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾफᬭɥՒɏȬȻȗșፀ౓ȟ. ɝᴩᬂሥɂ76.13ࢲ஁ɷʷȺȕɞǿᣋȢȾȕɞ෗ᢎᄑ‫۾‬Ƞ. ‫֖ڨ‬Ȩɟȹȗɞǿ۹ȢɁаᚐᆅሱȟՖоɥႊȗȹȗɞɁ. Ƚ᥆ࢍɂแࠞࢍᴥю᪘Ɂ˹॑᥆ࢍȺȕɝᴩࢲ਽Ɂ‫۾‬ն΄. ȺᴩటᆅሱȺɕՖоɥ࿲቏۰ୣȻȬɞǿՖоɂᴩ‫ݤ܁‬ᴥ‫܁‬. ҰɁ̷ՠɂጙ 9 ˥̷ᴦȺȕɝᴩߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ȟɜԧూጙ18ɷʷ. ȟȗȽȗ‫ک‬նɂᴩట̷ɁɒᴦɁࢳՖȺȕɞ(าᴰ)ǿ. ɁȻȦɠȾȕɞǿ1889ࢳɁࢍҤ႔రҤȾɛȶȹᚐ୑రȻ. ǽρ̷Ɂ՘ɝፀɉᇋ͢ᩜΡୣɥລްȬɞȲɔᴩḧ‫و‬ኌᐐ. ȪȹɁߋరɂ਽቏ȪȲȟᴩ2005ࢳ 3 ఌȾ֚ᣃɁ႔రȻն. ȟо᪋ȪȲ‫ک‬նɁ˰ᝈᴩḨ 2 ᵻ 3 ˥яɁϋᦂᴩḩ̜̈́˨. ΄Ȫᴩᨢ᥿႔Ɂˢ᥂ȻȽȶȲǿ2005ࢳး٣ᴩߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ̷. ɁᝈɗᄾᝬᴩḪ॑ᥓ̜Ɂᄾᝬᴩḫ‫܅‬ఖɗᕶᑓɥȪȹȗɞ. ՠɂ778̷ᴩ˰࢛ୣɂ288ੑȺȕɞǿ65ද͏˨Ɂᯚᳮ̷ՠ. ȻȠɁਃɔᴩḬႡަɁȻȠɁ޿Ɂ˰ᝈᴩḭ̥ጯȽ࿎ɗɿ˂. ɁҾնɂ38.8ᴢȺȕɞᴥّӯᝩ౼Ⱦɛɞᴦǿ. ʝʃɁоਖ਼ᴩḮ̬ᤅᴩȻȗȶȲ 8 ȷɁஓࢠႆ๊Ɂ࿡มȺᴩ. ǽͳ෢‫ژ‬టի࢝ȾɛɟɃᴩ2006ࢳ 1 ఌး٣65ද͏˨80ද. ɿʧ˂ʒɥ͒ȗȳɝᴩ̬᪨ɥȪȲɝȬɞᄾਖ਼ɁջҰɥ߱. ఝ຿Ɂ‫ॴܤ‬ɂߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ⱦ125̷ȗȲȟᴩȰɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ȬɌȹ. ɀȲǿḧȞɜḭɑȺɁ ‫ץ‬Ⱦȷȗȹɂɿʧ˂ʒɥоਖ਼Ⱥ. ɥᝩ౼ȬɞȦȻȾȪȲǿ2006ࢳ 2 ఌȾ෢ႆ݃‫׆‬ȟᝉछȬ. ȠɞժᑤॴȾɕȻȸȗȹᴩḮȳȤɂ̬ᤅȪȲȻȗș̜޴. ɞᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɥᜪ‫ץ‬Ȫᴩᬂ૚ᝩ౼ɥȪȲǿ఍ӛᇝୣɂ104Ⱥ. ȾɕȻȸȗȹջҰɥȕȥȹɕɜȶȲǿɑȲᴩḧȞɜḫɑ. ȕɝᴩིӛᇝୣɂ21ȺȕȶȲǿ‫و‬ኌᐐɁ޿஋ഫ਽ɂԨᡵ. ȺɁ ‫ץ‬ȺɂպࠊȬɞ޿஋ഫ਽‫׆‬ɥֆɔȹᄾਖ਼ɁջҰɥ. ˰࢛18.3ᴢᴩ‫ݤ܁‬ɁɒɁ˰࢛32.7ᴢȺȕɝᴩ‫و‬ኌᐐɁࢲ٫. ȕȥȹɕɜȗᴩḬȞɜḮɑȺɁ ‫ץ‬ȺɂᴩպࠊȬɞ޿஋. ࢳᳮɂ73.6දᴥൈໄϡࢃᴩ3.6ᴦȺȕɞǿ. ഫ਽‫׆‬ɥ᪍ȗȹᄾਖ਼ɁջҰɥȕȥȹɕɜȶȲǿȰɟȻᴩ. ǽߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ࿑ौȻȪȹ઩ଊȪȹȝȠȲȗȦȻɂᴩሉӦȟ. ḩɁ ‫ץ‬ɂ߿ഈȪȹȗɞ‫و‬ኌᐐȾɁɒ߱ɀȲǿ‫و‬ኌᐐȟ 8. ˪ΠȺȕɞȦȻȺȕɞǿʚʃȳȤȟߋ٥‫ڒ‬ȻȰɁ۶Ȼɥ. ȷɁ ‫ץ‬Ⱥᄾਖ਼ɁջҰɥȕȥȲȻȠᴩ‫و‬ኌᐐɂȰɁᄾਖ਼. ፀɉуц̬ᣮൡᩜȺȕɞȟᴩȰɁΠୣɂߵȽȗǿᝩ౼छ. Ȼᇋ͢ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀɦȺȗɞȻȬɞǿ‫و‬ኌᐐȟ 8 ȷɁ . ஽ᴩߋ٥‫ڒ‬ɁూϫȾȕɞᨢ᥿႔म‫ߋک‬ୈ੔ᴥߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ˹. ‫ץ‬ȺպˢɁ̷ɥͷ‫و‬ɕȕȥɞȦȻȟȕɞȟᴩȰșȪȲᄾ. ॑٥ᴦȻแࠞᮟɁᩖȾ 1 ऱेᴩߋୈ੔ȻӫࠞᮟɁᩖȾ 1. ਖ਼ɂ 1 ̷ȻୣțɞǿȦșȪȹȕȥɜɟȲᄾਖ਼ȟᴩḧպࠊ. ऱेᴩߋ٥‫ڒ‬ɁᛴϫȾȕɞᪿᕶȻӫࠞᮟȻɁᩖȾ 1 ऱेᴩ. ޿஋ᴩḨᴥ޿஋۶Ɂᴦᜆ஋ᴩḩᣋ᪬ᐐᴩḪՓ̷ᴩḫᐳ‫ک‬. ʚʃɁΠȟ 1 ஓȾȕɞȳȤȺȕȶȲǿ႔म‫ک‬ɂߋୈ੔ᴥᇩ. ͓ᩖᴥ˨ձɗպЊᴦɁȗȭɟɁᩖ౤Ȟɥ‫و‬ኌᐐȾ߱ɀȲǿ. ᇐஃᜫɗᜱჵ੔ȟȰɁᣋȢȾȕɞᴦȻߋ٥‫ڒ‬юɁᪿᕶɥ. ȰɟȱɟɁᩖ౤ȾᝉछȬɞᄾਖ਼Ɂ̷ୣɥ᜛አȪȹᴩպࠊ. ፀɉैၥʚʃɥ᣸Ⱦ 2 ‫و‬ᤆᚐȪȹȗȲǿʚʃɁΠୣȟߵ. ޿஋ᩜΡୣᴩᜆ஋ᩜΡୣᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣᴩՓ̷ᩜΡୣᴩᐳ. ȽȗșțȾᴩ‫᥂۾‬ґɁߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂᒲӦ᡾ɥᤆᢆ. ‫͓ک‬ᩖᩜΡୣɥ෰ɔȲǿ. ȺȠȽȗȞɜᴩߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂࠥࠞࢍɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɏ. ǽաែ᥿ɜ(5)Ȼ൐ࠞɜ(17)ɂᴩʇ˂ʁʭʵˁɿʧ˂ʒɥਖ਼෉. ȼᒲႏȾሉӦȺȠɞɢȤȺɂȽȗǿߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ȟ. ᄑɿʧ˂ʒᴩষ፳ᄑɿʧ˂ʒᴩպͧᚐӦɁ 3 ሗ᭒ȾґȤ. ᒲ‫ޤ‬ɗᣋ᪬٥‫ڒ‬Ⱦȗɞ஽ᩖɂᒲȭȻᩋȗǿ. ȲǿȦɟȾिȶȹᴩటᝩ౼ȺႊȗȲᇋ͢ᩜΡɥລްȬɞ ȲɔɁ ‫ץ‬ᬱᄻɥґ᭒ȬɟɃᴩḧ‫و‬ኌᐐȟо᪋ȪȲ‫ک‬ն. ¨²©ǽࠥࠞࢍȺɁᝩ౼. Ɂ˰ᝈᴩḨ 2 ᵻ 3 ˥яɁϋᦂᴩḬႡަɁȻȠɁ޿Ɂ˰ᝈᴩ. ǽིͽའ઄ҋȪȲ60ද͏˨80දఝ຿Ɂ‫ॴܤ‬ȾߦȪᴩ1995. ḭ̥ጯȽ࿎ɗɿ˂ʝʃɁоਖ਼Ɂ 4 ȷȟਖ਼෉ᄑɿʧ˂ʒᴩ. ࢳȾᝩ౼ɥ޴ஃȪȲǿߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᝩ౼Ɂ‫و‬ኌᐐȻࢳᳮɥˢ. ḩ̜̈́˨ɁᝈɗᄾᝬᴩḪ॑ᥓ̜Ɂᄾᝬᴩḫ‫܅‬ఖɗᕶᑓɥ. ᒵȨȮɞȲɔȾᴩൈటɁșȴ60ද͏˨65දఝ຿Ɂᯚᳮ‫ܤ‬. ȪȹȗɞȻȠɁਃɔɁ 3 ȷȟষ፳ᄑɿʧ˂ʒȾȕȲɞǿ. ॴɥ᪍ȗȲǿ65ද͏˨80දఝ຿ɁൈటɁșȴ 3 ջȟՖо. Ḯ̬ᤅȾɂպͧᚐӦȳȤȺȽȢᴩ᫖ᝈȺɁ̬᪨ɕֆɑɟ. ɥ‫و‬ኌȪȽȞȶȲɁȺᴩȦɁ 3 ջɕ᪍۶ȪȲǿȰȦȺᴩ. ȹȗɞȟᴩպͧᚐӦȾɎɏᝉछȬɞǿ. ᴪ 125 ᴪ.

(4) ǽࢳᳮȻ߿ഈɁ఍ིȟᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ⱦफᬭɥ. ࢃᴩ3.62ᴦȺȕɞǿࢲ٫ϏɁࢃɁ೫ްɥȝȦȽșᴥ˵ϫ೫. ՒɏȬᛵ‫ى‬ȺȕɞȻȗș͑ᝢɥ૬ᠭȪȲɁȺᴩȦɟɜɁ. ްᴦȻ˵ᐐɁᩖȾ఍৙ࢃȟȕɝᴩࠥࠞࢍɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ஁. ᛵ‫ى‬ɕ࿲቏۰ୣȻȪȹႊȗɞǿ߿ഈɁ఍ིɂᴩ߿ഈȪȹ. ȟߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɛɝɕᯚȗǿႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɂߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ. ȗɞ‫و‬ኌᐐȾ 1 ɥ˫țᴩ߿ഈȪȹȗȽȗ‫و‬ኌᐐȾɂ 0 ɥ. ᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ȟ70.56ᴥൈໄϡࢃᴩ15.31ᴦᴩࠥࠞࢍɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬. ˫țȹᴩʊʩ˂۰ୣȾȬɞǿ‫و‬ኌᐐȟᒲ޿ႊȾɁɒᣁഈ. ȟ75.46ᴥൈໄϡࢃᴩ14.51ᴦȺȕɞǿࢲ٫ϏɁࢃɁ೫ްɥ. ɥȝȦȽȶȹȗɞȻȠɂᴩ߿ഈȪȹȗȽȗȻȪȲǿ. ȝȦȽșᴥ˵ϫ೫ްᴦȻ˵ᐐɁᩖȾɗɂɝ఍৙ࢃȟȕɝᴩ. ǽ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɂ۹ᬂᄑȺȕɞȞɜᴩिࠖ۰ୣȺȕɞ˿. ࠥࠞࢍɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ஁ȟߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɛɝɕᯚȗǿ. ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ɂ઩ൈȻȪȹ 2 ȷɁ۰ୣɥΈႊȪȲǿȰɁ 1. ǽ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾफᬭɥՒɏȬᛵ‫ى‬ɂߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ‫و‬ኌᐐȻ. ȷɂȈʬʳ˂ʵȉȺȕɞǿȦɁລްȾɂᴩʷ˂ʒʽ(Lawton). ࠥࠞࢍɁ‫و‬ኌᐐɁᩖȺȼɁɛșȽᤏȗȟȕɞȞɥ෗ᢎȬ. (18). Ɂ୎᜙PGCʬʳ˂ʵˁʃɻ˂ʵᴥ17ᬱᄻᴦɥႊȗȲ ǿ. ɞǿȦɟɜɁᛵ‫ى‬Ɂࢲ٫Ϗɥߋ٥‫ڒ‬ȻࠥࠞࢍɁ‫و‬ኌᐐȧ. Ȧɟɂᴩ ȈȕȽȲɂᒲґɁ̷ႆȟࢳɥȻɞȾȪȲȟȶȹȳ. ȻȾᪿ᜛Ȫᴩ᚜ 1 ȾᇉȬǿՖоȻࢳᳮɂ˵ᏰɁᩖȺ఍৙. ɦȳɦমȢȽȶȹȢɞȻ৞ȫɑȬȞǿ ȉȻȗȶȲ17Ɂ ‫ץ‬. ࢃȟȕɞǿՖоɂࠥࠞࢍɁ‫و‬ኌᐐɁ஁ȟߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ‫و‬ኌᐐ. ȾȈɂȗȉȞȈȗȗțȉȺኌțɞɕɁȺȕɞǿȰȪȹᴩ. ɛɝɕ۹ȗǿȰȪȹᴩࢳᳮɂߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ‫و‬ኌᐐɁ஁ȟࠥࠞ. ᯚȗʬʳ˂ʵȻᩜᣵȬɞᤣ੻ᑆɥᤣɦȳ‫ک‬նȾ 1 ɥ˫. ࢍɁ‫و‬ኌᐐɛɝɕᯚȗǿʛ˂ʇʔʵˁʗʍʒʹ˂ɹɁ᛼. țᴩȰșȺȽȗᤣ੻ᑆɥᤣɦȳ‫ک‬նɂ 0 ɥ˫țɞǿȦɁ. ൌᴥᴺյሗɁᇋ͢ᩜΡɁն᜛ᴦȺɕ఍৙ࢃȟȕɝᴩߋ٥. ीཟɥ17Ɂ ‫ץ‬Ⱦȷȗȹն᜛ȪȹəȢɁȺᴩϏɂᴭȞɜ. ‫ڒ‬Ɂ‫و‬ኌᐐɂࠥࠞࢍɁ‫و‬ኌᐐɛɝɕ᛼ൌɁ‫۾‬Ƞȗʛ˂ʇ. 17ɑȺґࢎȬɞǿɹʷʽʚʍʙɁğΡୣɥ෰ɔɞȻߋ٥. ʔʵˁʗʍʒʹ˂ɹɥί఍ȪȹȗɞǿյሗɁᇋ͢ᩜΡୣ. ‫ڒ‬Ɂ‫و‬ኌᐐȺ0.765ᴩࠥࠞࢍɁ‫و‬ኌᐐȺ0.805ȻȽɞȞɜᴩ. ɥ᛻ɞȻᴩᜆ஋ᩜΡୣᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣᴩՓ̷ᩜΡୣȺ఍৙. ȦɁӏአࠂ࣊Ⱦɂюᄑˢ៩ॴȟȳȗȲȗȕɞȻȗțɞǿ. ࢃȟȕɞǿȰȪȹᴩࠥࠞࢍɁ‫و‬ኌᐐɂߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ‫و‬ኌᐐɛ. ɕș 1 ȷɁ۰ୣɂȈႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȉȺȕɝᴩ‫و‬ኌᐐȟ100ཟ. ɝɕ۹ȢɁՓ̷ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀɦȺȗɞɁȾߦȪᴩऻᐐɂ. ຿ཟȺᒲࢄ᜻ΙȪȲɕɁȺȕɞǿ୎᜙PGCʬʳ˂ʵˁʃ. Ұᐐɛɝɕ۹ȢɁᜆ஋ᩜΡȻᣋ᪬ᩜΡɥίધȪȹȗɞǿ. ɻ˂ʵɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ɂ৞ষᄑϫᬂɥ˿ȾລްȬɞɁȾ. ऻᐐɁʛ˂ʇʔʵˁʗʍʒʹ˂ɹɁ᛼ൌɂᴩҰᐐɁȰɟ. ߦȪᴩႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɂȰɁᝓᅺᄑϫᬂɥລȶȹȗɞ. (าᴱ). ǿʬ. ɛɝɕ‫۾‬Ƞȗǿ. ʳ˂ʵȻႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȻɁᄾᩜΡୣɥ᜛አȬɞȻᴩߋ٥‫ڒ‬ Ɂ‫و‬ኌᐐȺ0.377ᴩࠥࠞࢍɁ‫و‬ኌᐐȺ0.476Ȼ෗ᢎᄑᯚȗǿ. ¨²©ǽ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɥ᛼ްȬɞᛵ‫ى‬. ǽᯚᳮᐐɂᇋ͢ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀɦȺȗɞȳȤȺȽȢᴩȨɑ. ǽߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ‫و‬ኌᐐȾȷȗȹᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɥिࠖ۰ୣȻ. ȩɑȽᪿ‫ي‬ȾӏоȪȹȗɞǿᪿ‫ي‬ɋɁӏоˁ᫿ӏоȟߋ. Ȭɞ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏ɥȝȦȽșǿ࿲቏۰ୣɂᴩϧ࣐࣊ᴩՖоᴩ. ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ‫و‬ኌᐐɁ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ⱦफᬭɥ˫țȹȗɞȞȼș. ࢳᳮᴩ߿ഈɁ఍ིᴩպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡୣᴩᜆ஋ᩜΡୣᴩᣋ᪬. Ȟɥґ౏Ȭɞǿᝩ౼Ⱥɂ23Ɂᪿ‫ي‬ȾӏоȪȹȗɞȞȼș. ᩜΡୣᴩՓ̷ᩜΡୣᴩᐳ‫͓ک‬ᩖᩜΡୣɁ 9 ȷȺȕɞǿȰ. Ȟɥ‫و‬ኌᐐȾ ‫ץ‬ȪȲȟᴩȰɁ˹Ⱦɂᴩ႔ю͢ɁɛșȾ. Ȫȹᴩिࠖ۰ୣɂʬʳ˂ʵȻႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊Ɂ2 ȷȺȕɞǿȦ. ‫᥂۾‬ґɁ˰࢛ȟӏоȪȹȗɞᪿ‫ي‬ȟȕɞˢ஁ᴩႆԦɁɛ. ɟɜ11Ɂ۰ୣɁࢲ٫Ȼൈໄϡࢃɂ᚜ 1 ɁࡿϫȾᇉȪȹȕ. șȾ‫و‬ኌᐐȟȕɑɝӏоȪȹȗȽȗᪿ‫ي‬ɗ‫و‬ኌᐐȟɑȶ. ɞǿպ᚜Ȟɜᴩ‫و‬ኌᐐɂᐳ‫͓ک‬ᩖᩜΡɥɎȻɦȼί఍Ȫ. ȲȢӏоȪȹȗȽȗᪿ‫ي‬ɕȕȶȲǿȰșȪȲᪿ‫ي‬ɋɁӏ. ȹȝɜȭᴩᐳ‫͓ک‬ᩖᩜΡୣɂඩ᛼ґࢎɥȪȹȗȽȗȦȻ. оˁ᫿ӏоȟʬʳ˂ʵɗႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȾफᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗ. ȟґȞɞǿȰȦȺᴩᐳ‫͓ک‬ᩖᩜΡୣɂ࿲቏۰ୣȻȪȹႊ. ɞȞȼșȞɥґ౏ȬɞȦȻɂɓȭȞȪȗȞɜᴩ႔ю͢Ȼ. ȗȽȗȦȻȾȬɞǿፀࠈᴩϧ࣐࣊ᴩՖоᴩ߿ഈɁ఍ིᴩ. ӏоလȟ10ᴢ͏˩Ɂᪿ‫ي‬ɥґ౏Ȟɜ᪍۶ȪȲǿȰȦȺᴩ. ࢳᳮᴩպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡୣᴩᜆ஋ᩜΡୣᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣᴩՓ̷ᩜ. Ȉᇋ͢‫̈́܍‬ɗʦʳʽʐɭɬɁ͢ȉ ᴩȈᠲ֞Ɂ͢ˁʃʧ˂ʎ. ΡୣɁ 8 ȷɁ۰ୣɥ࿲቏۰ୣȻȪᴩʬʳ˂ʵȻႆ๊຿ᠴ. ‫ي‬ͶȉᴩȈᐍ̷ɹʳʠȉᴩȈɽʩʯʕʐɭԦឰ͢ȉ ᴩȈᣁԦȉ. ࣊Ȱɟȱɟɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȬɞʬʑʵȺ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏ɥȝȦ. Ɂ 5 ȷɁᪿ‫ي‬ȳȤɥ՘ɝ˨ȥɞǿȈᇋ͢‫̈́܍‬ɗʦʳʽʐɭ. ȽșȦȻȾȬɞǿᇋ͢ᩜΡୣȟʬʳ˂ʵȾफᬭɥՒɏȪ. ɬɁ͢ȉȻȈᠲ֞Ɂ͢ˁʃʧ˂ʎ‫ي‬Ͷȉɂᒲ˿ӏо‫ټ‬ᪿ. ȹȗɞȞȼșȞɥ೫ᜳȬɞȲɔȾᴩ࿲቏۰ୣɁੵоɂ 2. ‫ي‬ȾᴩȈᐍ̷ɹʳʠȉ ᴩȈɽʩʯʕʐɭԦឰ͢ȉ ᴩȈᣁԦȉɂ. ෉᪡ȾґȤȹȝȦȽȗᴩቼ 1 ෉᪡Ⱥϧ࣐࣊ᴩՖоᴩࢳᳮᴩ. ᒲӦӏо‫ټ‬ᪿ‫ي‬Ⱦґ᭒ȺȠɞǿ. ߿ഈɁ఍ིɥᴩቼ 2 ෉᪡Ⱥպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡୣᴩᜆ஋ᩜΡୣᴩ ᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣᴩՓ̷ᩜΡୣɥ௿ȾੵоȬɞǿ. 4 結果. ǽ᚜ 2 ɂᴩߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ‫و‬ኌᐐɁ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏Ⱥႊȗɞ 8 ȷɁ࿲. ¨±©ǽ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ȼᛵ‫ى‬Ɂ෗ᢎ. ቏۰ୣᩖɁᄾᩜΡୣɥᇉȪȹȗɞǿȦɁ᚜ȺᴩᄾᩜΡୣ. ǽɑȭᴩߋ٥‫ڒ‬ȻࠥࠞࢍȾࠊͳȬɞ‫و‬ኌᐐɁ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ. ȟ0.15͏˨Ⱥȕɞ۰ୣᩖɁᩜᣵɥ઩ଊȬɞǿɑȭᴩϧ࣐࣊. ৞ɥ෗ᢎȬɞǿʬʳ˂ʵɁࢲ٫ɂߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ȟ9.54. ɂࢳᳮȝɛɆᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣȻɁᩖȾᩜᣵȟȕɝᴩࢳᳮɁͲ. ᴥൈໄϡࢃᴩ3.56ᴦᴩࠥࠞࢍɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ȟ11.86ᴥൈໄϡ. ȗ‫و‬ኌᐐɎȼϧ࣐Ⱥȕɝᴩϧ࣐Ƚ‫و‬ኌᐐɎȼ۹ȢɁᣋ᪬. ᴪ 126 ᴪ.

(5) ᚜ᴮǽߋ٥‫ڒ‬ȻࠥࠞࢍɁ‫و‬ኌᐐɁ෗ᢎ. ᚜ᴯǽ࿲቏۰ୣᩖɁᄾᩜΡୣᴥߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ‫و‬ኌᐐᴦ. ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀɦȺȗɞϿտȟȕȶȲǿඒȾᴩՖоɂ߿ഈ. տȟȕȶȲǿպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡୣɂᜆ஋ᩖΡୣȻɁᩖȾᩜᣵ. Ɂ఍ིȝɛɆࢳᳮȻɁᩖȾᩜᣵȟȕɝᴩ߿ഈȪȹȗɞ‫و‬. ȟȕɝᴩ۹ȢɁպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡɥί఍Ȭɞ‫و‬ኌᐐɎȼᜆ஋. ኌᐐɂՖоȟᯚȢᴩࢳᳮȟͲȗ‫و‬ኌᐐɎȼՖоȟᯚȗϿ. ᩜΡȟߵȽȗϿտȟȕȶȲǿᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣɂՓ̷ᩜΡୣȻ. տȟȕȶȲǿȰɟȞɜᴩ߿ഈɁ఍ིɂպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡୣȝ. ɁᩖȾᩜᣵȟȕɝᴩ۹ȢɁᣋ᪬ᩜΡɥί఍Ȭɞ‫و‬ኌᐐɎ. ɛɆՓ̷ᩜΡୣȻɁᩖȾᩜᣵȟȕɝᴩ߿ഈȪȹȗɞ‫و‬ኌ. ȼՓ̷ᩜΡȟߵȽȗϿտȟȕȶȲǿ. ᐐɂ۹ȢɁպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡɗՓ̷ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀɦȺȗɞϿ. ǽʬʳ˂ʵɥिࠖ۰ୣȾȪȹ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏ɥȝȦȽȶȲፀ. տȟȕȶȲǿࢳᳮɂՓ̷ᩜΡୣȻɁᩖȾᩜᣵȟȕɝᴩࢳ. ౓ɂᴩ᚜ 3 ɁᣮɝȺȕɞǿቼ 1 ෉᪡ɁขްΡୣɂ0.129Ⱥᴩ. ᳮɁͲȗ‫و‬ኌᐐɎȼ۹ȢɁՓ̷ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀɦȺȗɞϿ. ቼ 2 ෉᪡Ⱥɂ0.165ȺȕɞɁȺᴩȦɁᩖɁขްΡୣɁ‫ۄ‬ӏ. ᚜ᴰǽʬʳ˂ʵɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȪȲ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏ᴥߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ‫و‬ኌᐐᴦ. ᴪ 127 ᴪ.

(6) ᚜ᴱǽႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȪȲ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏ᴥߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ‫و‬ኌᐐᴦ. ᚜ᴲǽʬʳ˂ʵɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȪȲ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏ᴥࠥࠞࢍɁ‫و‬ኌᐐᴦ. ɂ0.036ȺȕɞǿȰȦȺᴩᇋ͢ᩜΡୣɂʬʳ˂ʵȾफᬭ. ႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȟᯚȗȦȻȟґȞɞǿ. ɥՒɏȪȹȗɞȦȻȾȽɞǿቼ 2 ෉᪡Ɂґ౏ፀ౓Ⱦɛɟ. ǽႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȪȲґ౏Ⱥᴩᜆ஋ᩜΡୣȻᣋ. Ƀᴩϧ࣐࣊ȻՓ̷ᩜΡୣɁൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁፏߦϏȟ1.5. ᪬ᩜΡୣɁൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁቺհȟ២ȺȕɞȦȻȾาᄻ. ͏˨Ȼ‫۾‬ȠȢᴩȦɟɜɁᛵ‫ى‬ȟʬʳ˂ʵȾफᬭɥՒɏȪ. ȪȹȝȠȲȗ (าᴲ)ǿȦɟɂᜆ஋ᩜΡɗᣋ᪬ᩜΡȟ۹ȗɎȼ. ȹȗɞǿɑȲᴩࢳᳮɁൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬Ρୣɂ0.143ȺȕɝᴩȦ. ႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȟͲȗȻȗșȦȻȺȕɞǿȻȦɠȺᴩʬʳ˂. Ɂᛵ‫ى‬ɕʬʳ˂ʵȾȕɞሌ࣊Ɂफᬭɥ˫țȹȗɞǿൈໄ. ʵɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȪȲґ౏Ⱥɕᴩᜆ஋ᩜΡୣɁൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬. ϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁቺհȞɜᴩϧ࣐ȺȕɞɎȼᴩࢳᳮȟͲȗɎ. ΡୣɁቺհɂɗɂɝ២Ⱥȕɝᴩᜆ஋ᩜΡȟ۹ȗɎȼʬʳ˂. ȼᴩՓ̷ᩜΡȟ۹ȗɎȼᴩ‫و‬ኌᐐɂᯚȗʬʳ˂ʵɥધȶ. ʵȟͲȗǿȲȳȪᴩൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁፏߦϏɂߴȨȗȞ. ȹȗɞȦȻȟґȞɞǿ. ɜᴩᜆ஋ᩜΡୣȟʬʳ˂ʵȾՒɏȬफᬭɂߴȨȗǿ. ǽ᚜ 4 ɂᴩႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɥिࠖ۰ୣȾȪȹᴩ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏ɥ. ǽࠥࠞࢍɁ‫و‬ኌᐐȾȷȗȹɕᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɥिࠖ۰ୣ. ȝȦȽȶȲፀ౓ɥᇉȪȹȗɞǿቼ 1 ෉᪡ɁขްΡୣɂ. ȻȬɞ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏ɥȝȦȽșǿʬʳ˂ʵɥ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏Ⱦ. 0.103Ⱥᴩቼ 2 ෉᪡Ⱥɂ0.172ȺȕɞɁȺᴩቼ 1 ෉᪡Ȼቼ 2. Ȫȹ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏ɥȝȦȽȶȲፀ౓ɂᴩ᚜ 5 ɁᣮɝȺȕɞǿ. ෉᪡ɁᩖɁขްΡୣɁ‫ۄ‬ӏɂ0.069ȺȕɞǿȰȦȺᴩᇋ͢. ቼ 1 ෉᪡Ȼቼ 2 ෉᪡ȾȝȤɞขްΡୣɁ‫ۄ‬ӏɂᴩ0.037Ⱥ. ᩜΡୣɂʬʳ˂ʵȾफᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗɞȦȻȾȽɞǿቼ 2. ȕɞǿȦɟɂ఍৙Ƚ‫ۄ‬ӏȺȕɞȞɜᴩᇋ͢ᩜΡୣɂʬʳ˂. ෉᪡Ɂґ౏ፀ౓ȾɛɟɃᴩϧ࣐࣊ᴩպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡୣᴩՓ. ʵȾफᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗɞȦȻȾȽɞǿቼ 2 ෉᪡Ɂґ౏Ⱦ. ̷ᩜΡୣɁൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁፏߦϏȟ1.5͏˨ȺȕɝᴩȦ. ɛɟɃᴩϧ࣐࣊Ȼպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡୣȟʬʳ˂ʵȾ఍৙Ƚफ. ɟɜɁᛵ‫ى‬ȟႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȾफᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗɞǿɑȲᴩ. ᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗɞǿൈໄԇϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁቺհȞɜᴩϧ࣐. ՖоȻᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣɁൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁፏߦϏɂ0.1͏˨. ȺȕɞɎȼᴩպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡୣȟ۹ȗɎȼᴩ‫و‬ኌᐐɂʬʳ˂. 0.15ఝ຿ȺȕɝᴩȦɟɜɁᛵ‫ى‬ɕႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊Ⱦȕɞሌ࣊Ɂ. ʵȟᯚȗȦȻȟґȞɞǿ. फᬭɥ˫țȹȗɞǿൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁቺհȞɜᴩϧ࣐Ⱥ. ǽ᚜ 6 ɂᴩႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɥिࠖ۰ୣȾȪȹᴩ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏ɥ. ȕɞɎȼᴩՖоȟ۹ȗɎȼᴩպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡȟ۹ȗɎȼᴩ. ȝȦȽȶȲፀ౓ɥᇉȪȹȗɞǿቼ 1 ෉᪡Ȼቼ 2 ෉᪡Ⱦȝ. ᣋ᪬ᩜΡȟߵȽȗɎȼᴩՓ̷ᩜΡȟ۹ȗɎȼᴩ‫و‬ኌᐐɂ. ȤɞขްΡୣɁ‫ۄ‬ӏɂᴩ0.039ȺȕɞǿȦɟɂ఍৙Ƚ‫ۄ‬ӏ. ᴪ 128 ᴪ.

(7) ᚜ᴳǽႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȪȲ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏ᴥࠥࠞࢍɁ‫و‬ኌᐐᴦ. ᚜ᴴǽᪿ‫ي‬ӏоᐐȻ᫿ӏоᐐɁʬʳ˂ʵȻႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊Ɂࢲ٫ᴥߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ‫و‬ኌᐐᴦ. ȺȕɞȞɜᴩᇋ͢ᩜΡୣɂႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȾफᬭɥՒɏȪȹ. ȻȞɜᴩȕɞȗɂᴩൡ͢ȟᪿሥȪȹȗɞɁȺᇋ͢ᄑ๊Ӧ. ȗɞȻȗțɞǿቼ 2 ෉᪡Ɂґ౏ȾɛɟɃᴩϧ࣐࣊Ȼպࠊ. ɥȝȦȽțɞȞȼșȞȞɜᴩȰɁࢃႱɂႆȫɞǿ˵٥‫ڒ‬. ޿஋ᩜΡୣȟႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊Ⱦ఍৙ȽफᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗɞǿ. ɁᩖȾ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȺࢃႱȟȕȶȲՁ‫ى‬ɥ૘ጪȬɞȲɔ. ൈໄԇϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁቺհȞɜᴩϧ࣐ȺȕɞɎȼᴩպࠊ޿. Ⱦᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾफᬭɥՒɏȬ˿ᛵȽᛵ‫ى‬ɥ෗ᢎȬɞǿ. ஋ᩜΡୣȟ۹ȗɎȼᴩ‫و‬ኌᐐɂႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȟᯚȗȦȻȟ. ǽɑȭᴩϧ࣐࣊ȺȕɞǿаᚐᆅሱȾɛɟɃᴩϧ࣐࣊Ɂᯚ. ґȞɞǿ. ȗᯚᳮᐐɎȼ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȗǿ˵٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɥ ෗ᢎȪȲȻȦɠᴩϧ࣐࣊ɂ˵ᐐɁᩖȺ఍৙ࢃȟȽȞȶ. ¨³©ǽᪿ‫ي‬ӏоɁӛ౓. ȲȞɜᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȺࢃȟȕȶȲՁ‫ى‬ȻɂȗțȽȗǿ. ǽߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ‫و‬ኌᐐɥ 5 ȷɁᪿ‫ي‬ȰɟȱɟȾӏоȪȹȗɞ. ඒȾᴩᇋ͢ጽຑᄑ٥ͱȺȕɞǿаᚐᆅሱȾɛɞȻᴩᯚᳮ. ‫و‬ኌᐐȻӏоȪȹȗȽȗ‫و‬ኌᐐȾ 2 ґȪᴩ˵ᏰɁʬʳ˂. ᐐȟᯚȗᇋ͢ጽຑᄑ٥ͱɥԬɔȹȗɞɎȼᴩᯚȗ˿ᜊᄑ. ʵȻႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊Ɂࢲ٫ɥ෰ɔᴩ᚜ 7 ȾᇉȬǿᪿ‫ي‬ӏоᐐ. ࢶᇩ৞ɥધȶȹȗɞǿࠥࠞࢍɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ. Ɂʬʳ˂ʵȟᪿ‫ي‬᫿ӏоᐐɁȰɟɛɝɕ 1 ͏˨ᯚȞȶȲ. ‫ॴܤ‬ɛɝՖоȟᯚȞȶȲȟᴩȦɁᯚȗՖоɁȲɔȾࠥࠞ. Ɂɂᴩ Ȉᇋ͢‫̈́܍‬ȻʦʳʽʐɭɬɁ͢ȉȳȤȺȕɞǿɑȲᴩ. ࢍɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ȟߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɛɝɕ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ⱥ. ᪿ‫ي‬ӏоᐐɁႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȟᪿ‫ي‬᫿ӏоᐐɁȰɟɛɝɕ 4. ᯚȞȶȲժᑤॴȟȕɞǿȰɟȞɜᴩࢳᳮȺȕɞǿаᚐᆅ. ͏˨ᯚȞȶȲɁɂᴩ Ȉᠲ֞Ɂ͢ˁʃʧ˂ʎ‫ي‬ͶȉȳȤȺȕɞǿ. ሱȺɂᴩࢳᳮȟͲȗɎȼᯚᳮᐐɁ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȗǿ ࢳᳮɂࠥࠞࢍɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ஁ȟߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɛɝɕ. 5 考察. ͲȞȶȲǿȰɁȲɔȾᴩࠥࠞࢍɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚ. ¨±©ǽ᥆ࢍ࣊Ⱦɛɞ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ɂᤏȗ. ᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɛɝɕ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȞȶȲժᑤॴȟȕɞǿఊ. ǽࠥࠞࢍɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɛɝɕ˿ᜊᄑࢶ. ऻȾᴩʛ˂ʇʔʵˁʗʍʒʹ˂ɹɁ᛼ൌȺȕɞǿ٪᥿Ȼ. ᇩ৞ȟᯚȞȶȲǿȦɟɂᴩ͑ᝢ 1 Ⱥ̙৊ȪȲᣮɝɁፀ౓. ూ๜౑(16)Ɂᝢ஥ȾɛɟɃᴩᯚᳮᐐɂ۹ȢɁᇋ͢ᩜΡɥढ. Ⱥȕɞǿᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟ᥆ࢍ࣊ɁႱȽȶȲ٥. ਽Ȫȹᇋ͢ᄑ๊ӦȟȺȠɞȻᴩᯚᳮᐐɁ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟ. ‫ڒ‬ɁᩖȺࢃႱȟȕɞȻȠᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɁࠖॴȟᄾᤏȬɞȦ. ᯚȢȽɞȻȗșǿʛ˂ʇʔʵˁʗʍʒʹ˂ɹɁ᛼ൌɂߋ. ᴪ 129 ᴪ.

(8) ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ஁ȟࠥࠞࢍɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɛɝɕ‫۾‬ȠȞȶ. ȹȗȶȹᴩ෥॑ɁᣮȫȲᜆ஋ȻȷȠնȶȹəȢȦȻȟɓ. ȲǿȻȬɞȻᴩयɜɁᝢ஥ȾɕȻȸȤɃᴩҰᐐɂऻᐐɛ. ȭȞȪȗǿඒȾᴩࠞరȺɂᴩ‫ॴܤ‬ȟፀ‫ݢ‬ȬɞȻ‫܁‬Ɂ˵ᜆ. ɝɕ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȗȻȗșȦȻȾȽɞǿȻȦɠȟᴩ. ȻպࠊȬɞȦȻȟ۹ȗȞɜᴩ‫܁‬Ɂᜆ஋ȟȪɃȪɃᣋ੔Ⱦ. ऻᐐȟҰᐐɛɝɕ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȗȻȗșፀ౓Ⱥȕȶ. ࠊͳȪȹȗɞǿ‫ॴܤ‬ɂȰșȪȲᜆ஋ȻࢺȗȻȠȞɜˢ፳. ȲǿȦɁፀ౓ɂयɜɁᝢ஥ȾՕȪȹȗɞȞɜᴩʛ˂ʇʔ. ȾᑎȶȲɢȤȺɂȽȗɁȺᴩ෥॑ȟᣮȫȹȗɞȻȗșɢ. ʵˁʗʍʒʹ˂ɹɁ᛼ൌɁӛ౓ȟऍȞȶȲȞᴩयɜɁ৊. ȤȺɂȽȗǿȪȞȪᴩᜆ஋ȟᣋ੔ȾࠊͳȪȹȗɞȦȻȞ. ްȪȹȗɞ‫౓ى‬ᩜΡȟඩȪȢȽȗȦȻȾȽɞǿ. ɜᴩ‫ܧ‬ɓȻ‫ܧ‬ɑȩɞȻȾȞȞɢɜȭᴩ‫ॴܤ‬ɂȰșȪȲᜆ. ǽȦɁȦȻɥᣜሱȬɞȲɔȾᴩ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏Ɂፀ౓ɥ೫᜞. ஋ȻȷȠնȗᴩӒȤնȶȹ௨ɜȨȩɞɥțȽȗ(19)ǿ΍ț. Ȭɞǿ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȬɞ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏ɥߋ٥. ɃᴩȦȫɘșȻȟᣋ੔ȾͳɦȺȗȹᴩ޿࣍ႆ๊ȾࢱຒȪ. ‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ȾȷȗȹȝȦȽȶȲȻȦɠᴩյሗɁᇋ͢ᩜ. ȹȢɞȟᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂȰșȪȲᜆ஋ȻȷȠնɢȽȤɟɃ. Ρୣȟ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾՒɏȬफᬭɂඒɁɛșȺȕȶȲᴥ᚜. ȽɜȽȗȻȗȶȲᩜΡȺȕɞ(าᴴ)ǿȦșȪȲ‫ک‬նᴩᯚᳮ‫ܤ‬. 3 Ȼ᚜ 4 ɥՎྃᴦǿɑȭᴩൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬Ρୣᴥ-0.056ᴦɁፏߦ. ॴɂᜆ஋ᩜΡɥ۹Ȣί఍ȬɞɎȼᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟͲȢ. ϏɂߴȨȗȤɟȼᴩᜆ஋ᩜΡୣȟʬʳ˂ʵȾ២Ɂफᬭɥ. Ƚɞǿ. ՒɏȪȹȗɞȦȻȺȕɞǿȷɑɝᴩȰɟɎȼӛ౓ɂ‫۾‬Ƞ. ǽࠞరȾȝȗȹᴩͳ෢ɂᣁഈႆႇȾȝȤɞԦӌɥ‫ژ‬ᄷȻ. ȢȽȗɕɁɁᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂᜆ஋ᩜΡɥ۹Ȣί఍ȬɞɎȼᴩ. ȪȽȟɜᴩў‫ݢ‬ᖃᇞɥɂȫɔȻȬɞႆ๊ɁȨɑȩɑȽϫ. ʬʳ˂ʵȟͲȗɁȺȕɞǿඒȾᴩᜆ஋ᩜΡୣȻᣋ᪬ᩜΡ. ᬂȺᣋ᪬ᐐȻӒȤնȶȹ௨ɜȪȹȗɞǿȰȪȹᴩȰșȪ. ୣɂႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊Ⱦ២ɁफᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗɞȦȻȺȕɞǿ. ȲӒȤնȗɂ͖৙ȺȽȢᴩऐҤᄑȺȕɞǿȲȪȞȾ᥆ࢍ. ൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬Ρୣɂᴩᜆ஋ᩜΡୣȟ-0.081Ⱥȕɝᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡ. Ⱦȝȗȹɕᴩ႔ю๊͢ӦɁɛșȾᣋ᪬ᐐȻԦӌȪȕșȦ. ୣȟ-0.102ȺȕɞǿȦɁɛșȾᴩൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁቺհɂ. ȻɂȕɞǿȪȞȪᴩ᥆ࢍȺɂࠞరɛɝɕԦӌȪȕșϫᬂ. ˵஁Ȼɕ២ȺȕɞɁȺᴩᜆ஋ᩜΡୣɗᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣȟ۹ȗ. ȟ᪅ɜɟȹȝɝᴩࠞరɎȼԦӌɂऐҤᄑȺɂȽȗǿȰɁ. Ɏȼᴩႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȟͲȗȦȻȾȽɞ(าᴳ)ǿȰɟȞɜᴩպࠊ. ȲɔȾᴩࠞరȺɂ᥆ࢍɛɝɕᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡɥ௨ɜȪȹəȢ. ޿஋ᩜΡୣȻՓ̷ᩜΡୣɂʬʳ˂ʵȻႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȾඩɁ. ȲɔȾɗɓɥțȭ՘ɝፀɉȻȗșॴಐȟऐȗ(19)ǿȦɁऐ. फᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗɞȦȻȺȕɞǿȷɑɝᴩȦɟɜɁᇋ͢. ҤᄑȽॴಐɁȲɔȾᴩࠞరȺɂᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ȟᣋ᪬ᩜΡɥ. ᩜΡɥ۹Ȣί఍ȬɞɎȼᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚ. ۹Ȣί఍ȬɞɎȼᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟͲȢȽɞȻᐎțɜɟ. ȗǿ. ɞǿ. ǽߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂʑ˂ʉȻպȫɛșȾᴩࠥࠞࢍɁᯚ. ǽᇋ͢ᩜΡɥί఍ȬɞȦȻɂρ̷ȾȻȶȹ఍ᄬȺȕɞȻ. ᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂʑ˂ʉɥ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏Ⱥґ౏ȪȲȟᴩȰɁґ౏ፀ. ᐎțɜɟɞȤɟȼᴩ᭄᎞Ƚ̬᪨ȟ២આȻȽȶȹȪɑȗᴩ. ౓ɂඒɁɛșȺȕȶȲᴥ᚜ 5 Ȼ᚜ 6 ɥՎྃᴦǿᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣ. ρ̷ȾఖɑȪȢȽȗӛ౓ɥՒɏȬȦȻɕȕɞǿȰȦȺᴩ. ɂʬʳ˂ʵȻႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊Ⱦ២ɁफᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗɞǿȤ. Ȉʗɶʐɭʠˁɿʧ˂ʒȉȻȗșകॡȟ૬‫כ‬Ȩɟȹȗɞ. ɟȼɕᴩȰɁൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁፏߦϏɂɎɏ 0 ȺȕɞȞ. (20). ɜᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣɂʬʳ˂ʵɗႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȾɎȻɦȼफᬭ. ɶʐɭʠˁɿʧ˂ʒɁॴಐȟȕɞȻȗțɞǿ. ɥՒɏȪȹȗȽȗǿȦɟȾߦȪᴩպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡୣᴩᜆ஋. ǽ٪᥿Ȼూ๜౑(16)ɂᴩ᥆ࢍ࣊ȻᯚᳮᐐɁ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ȼ. ᩜΡୣᴩՓ̷ᩜΡୣɂʬʳ˂ʵȻႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȾඩɁफᬭ. ɁᩜᣵɥඒɁɛșȾᝢ஥ȪȲǿᯚᳮᐐȟ۹ȢɁᇋ͢ᩜΡ. ɥՒɏȪȹȗɞǿȷɑɝᴩȦɟɜɁᇋ͢ᩜΡɥ۹Ȣί఍. ɥ՘ɝፀɆᴩᇋ͢ᄑ๊Ӧɥ๊ᄉȾȝȦȽșȻᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶ. ǿటᆅሱȾɛɟɃᴩࠞరɁᜆ஋ᩜΡɗᣋ᪬ᩜΡȾɂʗ. ȬɞɎȼᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȗǿȲȳȪᴩፋ. ᇩ৞ȟᯚȢȽɞǿȰȪȹᴩ᥆ࢍȺɂࠞరɛɝɕൡ͢Ɂᪿ. ᜛ᄑȾ఍৙ȺȕȶȲɁɂᴩպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡୣȳȤȺȕɞǿ. ሥȟ‫۾‬ȠȢȹᇋ͢ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀɆɗȬȗȞɜᴩᯚᳮᐐɁ. ǽߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ⱥɂᜆ஋ᩜΡୣɗᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ⱦ. ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȗǿటᆅሱȾɛɟɃᴩʛ˂ʇʔʵˁʗʍ. ២Ɂफᬭȟȕɝᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ȟᜆ஋ᩜΡɗᣋ᪬ᩜΡɥ۹Ȣ. ʒʹ˂ɹɁ᛼ൌɂߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ஁ȟࠥࠞࢍɁᯚᳮ. ί఍ȪȹȗɞɎȼᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟͲȞȶȲǿȦɟȾߦ. ‫ॴܤ‬ɛɝɕ‫۾‬ȠȗȾɕȞȞɢɜȭᴩऻᐐɁ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞. ȪᴩࠥࠞࢍȺɂᜆ஋ᩜΡɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾඩɁफᬭȟȕ. Ɂ஁ȟҰᐐɁȰɟɛɝɕᯚȞȶȲǿȦɁፀ౓ɂᴩ٪᥿Ȼ. ɝᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ȟᜆ஋ᩜΡɗᣋ᪬ᩜΡɥ۹Ȣί఍Ȫȹȗɞ. ూ๜౑Ɂᝢ஥ȾՕȪȹȗɞǿȦɁᅶᅀɂᴩඒɁɛșȾᜓ. Ɏȼᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȞȶȲǿȰȪȹᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡɂ˿. ᝢȺȠɞǿࠞరȺȕɞߋ٥‫ڒ‬ȾࠊͳȬɞᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ȟί఍. ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾɎȻɦȼफᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗȽȞȶȲǿᜆ஋. Ȭɞᜆ஋ᩜΡȻᣋ᪬ᩜΡȾɂʗɶʐɭʠˁɿʧ˂ʒɁॴ. ᩜΡɗᣋ᪬ᩜΡȟ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾͽႊȬɞ̈́஁Ⱥᴩߋ٥. ಐȟȕɞǿߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ⱥɂࠥࠞࢍɛɝɕᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂ۹ȢɁ. ‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂࠥࠞࢍɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ȻႱȽȶȹȗɞǿȦɁ. ȰșȪȲᇋ͢ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀɦȺȗɞᴥ᚜ 1 ɥՎྃᴦǿȦɁ. ᤏȗɂᴩඒɁɛșȾᝢ஥ȺȠɞǿ. ȦȻɂߋ٥‫ڒ‬ȾࠊͳȬɞᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɥͲ˩. ǽɑȭᴩߋ٥‫ڒ‬ȾࠊͳȬɞᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂȕɑɝᒲႏȾሉӦ. ȨȮɞɛșȾЄȠᴩȰɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟࠥࠞ. ȺȠȽȗȦȻȺȕɞǿȰɁȲɔᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂᒲɜҋȞȤ. ࢍɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɁȰɟɛɝɕͲȗˢ‫ى‬ȻȽȶȹȗɞǿ. ᴪ 130 ᴪ.

(9) ǽటᆅሱȞɜᴩ٪᥿Ȼూ๜౑Ɂ੔ᝢɥඒɁɛșȾεඩȬ. ᇩ৞Ɂ৞ষᄑϫᬂȾȕɑɝफᬭɥՒɏȨȽȗȻȗșȦȻ. ɌȠȺȕɞȦȻɕ஥ɜȞȻȽȶȲǿᯚᳮᐐȟ۹ȢɁᇋ͢. ȺȕɞǿɓȪɠᴩȰɟɂᴩஓࢠႆ๊ȾȷȗȹɁ຿ᠴ৞Ȼ. ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀɉȦȻȺᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȢȽɞɢȤȺ. ȗȶȲ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɁᝓᅺᄑϫᬂȾफᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗ. ɂȽȗǿ᥆ࢍ࣊ȟႱȽɞ٥‫ڒ‬ȾɛȶȹᴩյሗɁᇋ͢ᩜΡ. Ȳǿᇋ͢ጽຑᄑ٥ͱᴥՖоᴦ͏۶Ⱦȷȗȹɂᴩፀ౓ɂ͑. ȟ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾͽႊȬɞ̈́஁ɂᄾᤏȪȹȗɞǿࠞరȺ. ᝢ 2 Ȼ୥նȬɞǿ. ɂᯚᳮᐐɂ۹ȢɁᜆ஋ᩜΡɗᣋ᪬ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀɦȺȗɞ. ǽպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡୣɂʬʳ˂ʵȻႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȾफᬭɥՒɏ. ȤɟȼᴩȦɟɜɁᇋ͢ᩜΡȾɂʗɶʐɭʠˁɿʧ˂ʒɁ. ȪȹȗȲǿȦɁȦȻɥ௿ȾᣜሱȬɞȲɔȾᴩ޿஋ഫ਽Ɂ. ॴಐȟȕɞǿȰɁȲɔȾᴩࠞరȺᜆ஋ᩜΡɗᣋ᪬ᩜΡɥ. ᤏȗȟ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾफᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗɞȞȼșȞɥ᛻. ۹Ȣί఍ȬɞɎȼᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟͲ˩ȪȹȪɑșǿȦ. ɞǿ޿஋ഫ਽ɥȈԨᡵȉᴩȈ‫ݤ܁‬ɁɒȉᴩȈ‫ފ‬Ζᴥ‫ݤ܁‬ᴦȻ. ɁȦȻɂᴩ᥆ࢍ࣊ɁͲȗ٥‫ڒ‬ȾࠊͳȬɞᯚᳮᐐɁ˿ᜊᄑ. պࠊȉᴩȈȰɁͅȉȾ 4 ґȪȹᴩʬʳ˂ʵȻႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊Ɂ. ࢶᇩ৞ȟ᥆ࢍ࣊Ɂᯚȗ٥‫ڒ‬ȾࠊͳȬɞᯚᳮᐐɁȰɟɛɝ. ࢲ٫ϏɥአҋȪᴩ᚜ 8 ȾᇉȬǿպ᚜ȾɛɟɃᴩ޿஋ഫ਽. ɕͲȗˢ‫ى‬ȻȽɞǿȻȦɠȺᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾᩜȬɞᝩ. ɁᤏȗȾɛȶȹᴩʬʳ˂ʵȻႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɂȕɑɝࢃႱȟ. ౼ɂȦɟɑȺ᥆ࢍȺ޴ஃȨɟȹȠȲǿȰȦȺɂᴩᜆ஋ᩜ. Ƚȗǿ. Ρɗᣋ᪬ᩜΡɥί఍ȬɞȦȻȟ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɥͲ˩ȨȮ. ǽ͑ᝢ 3 ɂᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾफᬭɥՒɏȬᛵ‫ى‬Ɂ˹Ⱥᴩ. ɞȦȻɂȽȞȶȲǿȰɁȲɔȾᴩ٪᥿Ȼూ๜౑ɂᯚᳮᐐ. ϧ࣐࣊ȟఊɕ᥾ᛵȽᛵ‫ى‬ȺȕɞȻȗșɕɁȺȕȶȲǿൈ. ȟ۹ȢɁᇋ͢ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀɆᇋ͢ᄑ๊ӦɥȝȦȽșȻ˿. ໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁፏߦϏɁ‫۾‬ȠȨɂिࠖ۰ୣɋɁफᬭӌɁ. ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȢȽɞȻ৊ްȪȲɁȺȕɠșǿ. ‫۾‬ȠȨɥᇉȪȹȗɞǿϧ࣐࣊Ɂൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁϏɂᴩ ʬʳ˂ʵɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȪȲȻȠ0.281Ⱥȕɝᴩႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊. ᴥ᚜ᴰȻ᚜ᴱɥՎྃᴦ ¨²©ǽߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞. ɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȪȲȻȠ0.277ȺȕȶȲǿȗȭɟɁґ౏Ⱥ. ǽߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾफᬭɥՒɏȬᛵ‫ى‬. ɕᴩϧ࣐࣊Ɂൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁፏߦϏɂ࿲቏۰ୣɁ˹Ⱥ. Ⱦȷȗȹ೫᜞Ȭɞǿ͑ᝢ 2 ɂඒɁɛșȺȕȶȲǿϧ࣐. ఊɕ‫۾‬ȠȗȞɜᴩϧ࣐࣊ɂʬʳ˂ʵȾఊɕऐȗफᬭɥՒ. ࣊ᴩᇋ͢ጽຑᄑ٥ͱᴩᇋ͢ᩜΡȟᯚᳮᐐɁ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞. ɏȬᛵ‫ى‬ȺȕɞȻȗșȦȻȾȽɞǿȦɟɂ͑ᝢȻˢᒵȪ. ȾफᬭɥՒɏȬ˿ᛵȽᛵ‫ى‬ȺȕɞǿȰȪȹᴩϧ࣐Ⱥᴩᯚ. ȹȝɝᴩϧ࣐ȺᒲႏȾᚐӦȺȠɞȦȻȟ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɥ. ȗᇋ͢ጽຑᄑ٥ͱɁᴩ۹ȢɁᇋ͢ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀɦȺȗɞ. ᯚɔɞɁȾఊɕ᥾ᛵȺȕɞȦȻɥᇉȪȹȗɞǿ. ᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂᴩᯚȗ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɥધȶȹȗɞǿߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂ. ǽϧ࣐࣊ȾඒȗȺ‫۾‬ȠȽफᬭɥՒɏȬᛵ‫ى‬ɂՓ̷ᩜΡୣ. ᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂʑ˂ʉɥ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏Ⱥґ౏ȪȲፀ౓Ⱦɛɟ. ȺȕɞȦȻȾɕาᄻȪȹȝȠȲȗǿՓ̷ᩜΡୣɁൈໄϡ. Ƀᴩʬʳ˂ʵɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȪȲȻȠᴩൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁ. ‫࢜و‬Ρୣɂᴩʬʳ˂ʵɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȪȲґ౏Ⱥ0.184Ⱥȕ. ፏߦϏȟ0.1͏˨ȺȕȶȲɁɂᴩϧ࣐࣊ᴩࢳᳮᴩՓ̷ᩜΡ. ɝᴩႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȪȲґ౏Ⱥ0.185ȺȕȶȲǿ. ୣȺȕȶȲǿȰȪȹᴩϧ࣐ȺȕɞɎȼᴩࢳᳮȟͲȗɎȼᴩ. ȰɟȱɟɁґ౏ȺᴩՓ̷ᩜΡୣɁൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁፏߦ. Փ̷ᩜΡȟ۹ȗɎȼᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂʬʳ˂ʵȟᯚȞȶȲǿ. Ϗɂϧ࣐࣊ɁȰɟȾඒȗȺ‫۾‬ȠȗȞɜᴩՓ̷ᩜΡୣɁफ. ႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȪȲȻȠᴩൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁፏ. ᬭӌȟϧ࣐࣊ɁඒȾ‫۾‬ȠȗȦȻȾȽɞǿ. ߦϏȟ0.1͏˨ȺȕȶȲɁɂᴩϧ࣐࣊ᴩՖоᴩպࠊ޿஋ᩜ. ǽՓ̷ᩜΡୣȟ᥾ᛵȺȕȶȲȦȻɂᴩȰɁ࿑ौȞɜᝢ஥. Ρୣᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣᴩՓ̷ᩜΡୣȺȕȶȲǿȰȪȹᴩϧ࣐. ȺȠɞǿᜆ஋ᩜΡɗᣋ᪬ᩜΡȻ෗ɌɞȻᴩՓ̷ᩜΡȾɂ. ȺȕɞɎȼᴩᇋ͢ጽຑᄑ٥ͱᴥՖоᴦȟᯚȗɎȼᴩպࠊ. ඒɁɛșȽ࿑ौȟȕɞǿρ̷Ɂᜆ஋Ɂ˹Ȟɜˢ᥂Ɂ̷. ޿஋ᩜΡȻՓ̷ᩜΡȟ۹ȗɎȼᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡȟߵȽȗɎȼᴩ. ɥᤣɆҋȪȹ՘ɝፀɉᇋ͢ᩜΡȟᜆ஋ᩜΡȺȕɞǿȰȪ. ᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɂᯚȞȶȲǿՖоɂʬʳ˂ʵȾȕ. ȹᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡȻȗșɁɂᴩρ̷ȟᒲ‫ޤ‬Ⱦᣋȗ٥‫ڒ‬Ⱦࠊͳ. ɑɝफᬭɥ˫țȹȗȽȞȶȲǿȦɁཟɂ͑ᝢᴯȾᑔՕȪ. Ȭɞ̷ȁɁ˹Ȟɜˢ᥂Ɂ̷ȁɥᤣɆҋȪȹ՘ɝፀɉᇋ͢. ȹȗɞǿȪȞȪᴩՖоɂႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȾफᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗ. ᩜΡȺȕɞǿȰȦȺᴩᜆ஋ᩜΡɗᣋ᪬ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀɉᄾ. Ȳǿ୎᜙PGCʬʳ˂ʵˁʃɻ˂ʵɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ɂ৞ষ. ਖ਼ɂ᪅ɜɟȹȗɞǿρ̷ɂᚌᎅᩜΡȾȕȶȲɝᴩ٥ျᄑ. ᄑϫᬂɥ˿ȾລްȪȹȗɞȞɜᴩՖоɁ۹ߕɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶ. ȾᣋȢȾࠊͳȪȲɝȬɞȦȻɥܑൡȻȪȹᴩᜆ஋ᩜΡɗ. ᚜ᴵǽ޿஋ഫ਽ҝȾ᛻ɞʬʳ˂ʵȻႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊Ɂࢲ٫ᴥߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ᴦ. ᴪ 131 ᴪ.

(10) ᣋ᪬ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀɉȞɜᴩȰɁᄾਖ਼Ȼᒾ֞ɗᩜ॑ɥ॒ȭ. ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ ৞ɂᯚȗȺȕȶȲǿґ౏ፀ౓ɂඒɁɛșȺ. Ȫɕц఍ȪȹȗɞɢȤȺɂȽȗȪᴩȰɁᩜΡɕᒲᄉᄑȺ. ȕȶȲǿᪿ‫ي‬ӏоᐐȟᪿ‫ي‬᫿ӏоᐐɛɝɕʬʳ˂ʵȺᴮ. ȕɞȻɂ᪅ɜȽȗǿȦɟȾߦȪᴩρ̷ȟᤕ஁ȾࠊͳȪȹ. ͏˨ᯚȞȶȲɁɂᴩ Ȉᇋ͢‫̈́܍‬ɗʦʳʽʐɭɬɁ͢ȉȳȤ. ȗɞ̷ȁɁ˹ȞɜᒲґȻպȫᒾ֞ɗᩜ॑ɥધȷ̷ȁȻᅺ. ȺȕȶȲǿȈᠲ֞Ɂ͢ˁʃʧ˂ʎ‫ي‬ͶȉɁӏоᐐɕ᫿ӏо. ɝնȗᴩᒲɜɁӓӌȺኳȠ˨ȥȲᇋ͢ᩜΡȟՓ̷ᩜΡȺ. ᐐɛɝʬʳ˂ʵȟᯚȞȶȲȤɟȼᴩࢃɂȰɟɎȼ‫۾‬ȠȢ. (15). ȕɞ ǿߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ⱥɂࠥࠞࢍɛɝɕᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂ۹ȢɁᜆ஋. ȽȞȶȲǿᪿ‫ي‬ӏоᐐȟᪿ‫ي‬᫿ӏоᐐɛɝɕႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊. ᩜΡɗᣋ᪬ᩜΡɥ՘ɝፀɦȺȗɞȟᴩȰșȪȲᇋ͢ᩜΡ. Ⱥ 4 ͏˨ᯚȞȶȲɁɂᴩȈᠲ֞Ɂ͢ˁʃʧ˂ʎ‫ي‬ͶȉȳȤ. ɂࠞరȺȕɞߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ⱥɂʗɶʐɭʠˁɿʧ˂ʒɁॴಐɥ. ȺȕȶȲǿȦɟɎȼࢃɂ‫۾‬ȠȢȽȞȶȲȟᴩȈᇋ͢‫̈́܍‬ɗ. ધȶȹȗɞǿȰɟəțȾᴩՓ̷ᩜΡɂߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ⱥࢶᇩ৞ɥ. ʦʳʽʐɭɬɁ͢ȉɁӏоᐐɂ᫿ӏоᐐɛɝɕႆ๊຿ᠴ. ˫țɞୣߵȽȗᇋ͢ᩜΡȻȪȹȻȹɕ᥾ᛵȺȕɞȞɜᴩ. ࣊ȟᯚȞȶȲǿȦɁɛșȾᴩᒲ˿ӏо‫ټ‬ᪿ‫ي‬ȺȕɞȈᇋ. Փ̷ᩜΡୣȟϧ࣐࣊ȾඒȗȺ᥾ᛵȽᛵ‫ى‬ȺȕȶȲȻᜓ᥺. ͢‫̈́܍‬ɗʦʳʽʐɭɬɁ͢ȉȻȈᠲ֞Ɂ͢ˁʃʧ˂ʎ‫ي‬. ȺȠɞǿ. ͶȉɁӏоᐐɂ᫿ӏоᐐɛɝɕʬʳ˂ʵɗႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȟ. ǽ͑ᝢ 4 ɂᴩඒɁɛșȺȕȶȲǿࢳᳮȟͲȗɎȼᴩᯚᳮ. ᯚȞȶȲǿȦɟȾߦȪᴩᒲӦӏо‫ټ‬ᪿ‫ي‬Ⱥɂᴩᪿ‫ي‬ӏо. ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɂᯚȗǿɑȲᴩ߿ഈȪȹȗɞᯚᳮ‫ܤ‬. ᐐȟᪿ‫ي‬᫿ӏоᐐɛɝɕʬʳ˂ʵȝɛɆႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊Ⱥ॒. ॴɂིᐳɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɛɝɕ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȗǿ. ȭȪɕᯚȗɢȤȺɂȽȗǿ΍țɃᴩȈᣁԦȉɁӏоᐐɂ᫿. ǽɑȭᴩࢳᳮɁӛ౓ɥ೫᜞Ȭɞǿʬʳ˂ʵɥिࠖ۰ୣȻ. ӏоᐐɛɝɕʬʳ˂ʵɂᯚȗȟᴩႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɂͲȗǿȪ. ȪȲґ౏ȺɂᴩࢳᳮɁൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬Ρୣɂ-0.152Ⱥȕɝᴩࢳ. Ȳȟȶȹᴩ͑ᝢ 5 ɂୈધȨɟɞǿȦɁȦȻɂᴩᒲ˿ӏо. ᳮɂ២ɁफᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗȲǿȷɑɝᴩࢳᳮȟͲȗɎȼᴩ. ‫ټ‬ᪿ‫ي‬Ɂ˹Ⱥ๊ӦȬɞȦȻȺᒲɜɁᩜ॑ɗᒾ֞ɥЭᠴȺ. ᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂʬʳ˂ʵɂᯚȞȶȲǿȦɁȦȻɂᴩ͑ᝢȾն. ȠɞȞɜ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȢȽɞȦȻɥᇉ‫ד‬Ȫȹȗɞǿ. ᒵȪȹȗɞǿႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȪȲґ౏Ⱥɂᴩࢳ. ȲȳȪᴩʬʳ˂ʵɗႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȾȝȤɞࢃɂȦɟɜɁᪿ. ᳮɁൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬Ρୣɂ-0.036ȻᴩȰɁፏߦϏɂɎȻɦȼᴭ. ‫ي‬ɁӏоᐐȻ᫿ӏоᐐȻɁᩖȺȰɟɎȼ‫۾‬ȠȢɂȽȢᴩ. ȺȕȶȲɁȺᴩࢳᳮɂႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȾɎȻɦȼफᬭɥՒɏ. ȰɁӛ౓ɂȕɑɝ‫۾‬ȠȢȽȗǿ. ȪȹȗȽȗȦȻȾȽɞǿȦɁȦȻɂᴩ͑ᝢȻᑔᮚȪȹȗ ɞǿȦșȪȹ᛻ɞȻᴩࢳᳮɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ɂ৞ষᄑϫᬂ. 6 結論. Ⱦफᬭɥ˫țɞȟᴩȰɁᝓᅺᄑϫᬂȾɂӛ౓ȟȕɑɝȽ. ǽటሟɁᄻᄑɂᴩࠥࠞᅇɁᤈႾࠞరȺȕɞᨢ᥿႔ߋ٥‫ڒ‬. ȗȻȗșȦȻȾȽɞǿࢳᳮȟ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾͽႊȬɞ̈́. ȾࠊͳȬɞᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ᴥʬʳ˂ʵȻႆ๊຿. ஁ɂᴩՖоɁͽႊɁ̈́஁ȻɂߦྃᄑȺȕɞ. (าᴵ). ǿ. ᠴ࣊ᴦɥ૘ሱȬɞȦȻȺȕȶȲǿȰɁʑ˂ʉɥґ౏Ȭɞ. ǽඒȾᴩ߿ഈɁ఍ིȟ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȾՒɏȬӛ౓ɥ೫᜞. ȳȤȺȽȢᴩࠥࠞࢍɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂʑ˂ʉȻ෗ᢎɥȝȦȽȶ. Ȭɞǿ߿ഈɁ఍ིɁൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬Ρୣɂᴩʬʳ˂ʵɥिࠖ. Ȳǿґ౏ȺीɜɟȲᅺ᛻ɂᴩඒɁ 4 ཟȾᛵጙȺȠɞǿ. ۰ୣȻȪȲȻȠ-0.074Ⱥȕɝᴩႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȪ. ǽ(1)ǽߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂࠥࠞࢍɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɛɝɕ˿ᜊ. ȲȻȠ-0.085ȺȕȶȲǿൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁቺհȟ២Ⱥȕɞ. ᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟͲȗᴩȦɟɂඒɁɛșȽȦȻȞɜȺȕɞǿɑ. ȦȻȞɜᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ȟ߿ഈȪȹȗɞȻȠᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞. ȭᴩҰᐐɂऻᐐɛɝɕՖоȟͲȗȦȻȺȕɞǿඒȾᴩҰ. ȟͲȗȦȻȾȽɞǿȦɟɂᴩ͑ᝢȾՕȪȹȗɞǿȲȳȪᴩ. ᐐɂऻᐐɛɝɕࢳᳮȟᯚȗȦȻȺȕɞǿӏțȹᴩߋ٥‫ڒ‬. ȰɁፏߦϏɂ‫۾‬ȠȢȽȗȦȻȞɜᴩ߿ഈɁ఍ིɁӛ౓ɂ. Ɂᜆ஋ᩜΡɗᣋ᪬ᩜΡȾɂʗɶʐɭʠˁɿʧ˂ʒɁॴಐ. ߴȨȗǿፀ౓ȟ͑ᝢȻ᭥ȗᤏȶȹȗȲɁɂᴩඒɁɛșȽ. ȟȕɞȦȻȺȕɞǿȰɁȲɔᴩߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ȟȦɟ. ȦȻȞɜȺȕɞȻᐎțɜɟɞǿ߿ഈȪȹȗɞᯚᳮᐐɁ˿. ɜɁᇋ͢ᩜΡɥ۹Ȣ՘ɝፀɦȺȗɞɎȼᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞. ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟིᐳɁᯚᳮᐐɁȰɟɛɝɕᯚȗȻȗșፀ౓. ȟͲȗǿȦșȪȲȦȻȞɜᴩߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂࠥࠞࢍ. (14). ȺȕȶȲɁɂᛴ˩ ɁᆅሱȾȝȗȹȺȕȶȲȟᴩȰɁᝩ. Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɛɝɕ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟͲȞȶȲȻ૜ᝲȺȠɞǿ. ౼ߦ៎ᐐɂ͙ഈȾӱөȪȹȗȲ‫۾‬᥆ࢍɁ႒ॴȺȕȶȲǿ. ǽ(2)ǽϧ࣐࣊ᴩࢳᳮᴩՓ̷ᩜΡୣȟߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ. ȦɟȾߦȪᴩటᆅሱɁᝩ౼ߦ៎ᐐɂࠞరɁᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ⱥȕȶ. ʬʳ˂ʵȾफᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗȲǿȰȪȹᴩϧ࣐ȺȕɞɎ. Ȳǿᝩ౼Ⱥ߿ഈȪȹȗɞȻ‫و‬ኌȪȲᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ۹Ȣɂᴩ. ȼᴩࢳᳮȟͲȗɎȼᴩՓ̷ᩜΡȟ۹ȗɎȼᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂ. ࢍ‫ک‬Ⱦᣁႇ࿎ɥҋᔸȬɞȢɜȗటಐᄑȾᣁͽഈɥȪȹȗ. ʬʳ˂ʵȟᯚȞȶȲǿɑȲᴩϧ࣐࣊ᴩՖоᴩպࠊ޿஋ᩜ. ȲǿഒȪɒȺᒲ޿ႊȾᣁഈɥȪȹȗɞᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂᴩིᐳ. Ρୣᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣᴩՓ̷ᩜΡୣȟߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ɂᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂႆ. Ȼ‫و‬ኌȪȲǿᣁͽഈɂ᥾әЄȽɁȺᴩࠞరȺ߿ഈȬɞᯚ. ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȾफᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗȲǿȰȪȹᴩϧ࣐ȺȕɞɎ. ᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟͲȞȶȲȻᐎțɜɟɞǿᝩ౼ߦ. ȼᴩՖоȟᯚȗɎȼᴩպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡȻՓ̷ᩜΡȟ۹ȗɎ. ៎ᐐȟႱȽɞȦȻȞɜᴩ߿ഈɁ఍ིɂаᚐᆅሱɁፀ౓Ȼ. ȼᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡȟߵȽȗɎȼᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɂᯚ. ᄾᤏȪȹȗȲȻ૜ᝲȺȠɞǿ. ȞȶȲǿ. ǽ͑ᝢ 5 ɂᴩᒲ˿ӏо‫ټ‬ᪿ‫ي‬ȾӏоȪȹȗɞᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ. ǽ(3)ǽȦɟɜɁᛵ‫ى‬Ɂ˹Ⱥᴩϧ࣐࣊ȟఊɕ‫۾‬ȠȽफᬭɥ. ᴪ 132 ᴪ.

(11) ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ⱦ˫țȹȗȲǿϧ࣐࣊ɁඒȾᴩՓ̷ᩜΡୣ. ȟ۹ȗȻᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ȟᯚȗȟᴩ۹ȢɁՓ̷. ȟ‫۾‬ȠȽफᬭɥՒɏȪȹȗȲǿ. ᩜΡɥί఍Ȭɞᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂᣡȾպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡɥȕɑɝ. ǽ(4)ǽߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ⱥᒲ˿ӏо‫ټ‬ᪿ‫ي‬ȾӏоȬɞᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂӏ. ՘ɝፀɦȺȗȽȗȻȗșȦȻȺȕɞǿȦɁȲɔᴩպࠊ. оȪȹȗȽȗᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɛɝɕ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȞȶȲǿ. ޿஋ᩜΡୣȻႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɁᩖɁᄾᩜᩜΡɂߴȨȢ᜻Ι. ȪȞȪᴩȰɁफᬭӌɂȕɑɝ‫۾‬ȠȢȽȞȶȲǿ. ȨɟȲȞɜᴩպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡୣɁൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁϏɂ ᄾᩜΡୣɁϏɛɝɕ‫۾‬ȠȞȶȲȻᐎțɜɟɞǿ. ―注―. ᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣɁൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁϏ(-0.102)ɕᄾᩜΡୣ. 1 ǽॴҝȟʬʳ˂ʵȾՒɏȬӛ౓Ⱦȷȗȹɂᴩաែ᥿(12). ɁϏ(-0.067)ɕ២ȺȕɞȟᴩҰᐐɁፏߦϏɂऻᐐɁፏߦ. Ɂᆅሱȟȕɞǿयɂᴩ៼៴ͳ‫يޤ‬ȾࠊͳȬɞ65ද͏˨. Ϗɥ˨‫و‬ȶȹȝɝᴩȦȦȺɕੱ٢ȟȕȶȲȦȻɥᇉȪ. ɁᯚᳮᐐɁʑ˂ʉɥґ౏ȪȲǿȰɁґ౏ȾɛɞȻᴩ. ȹȗɞǿᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣȻᜆ஋ᩜΡୣɂႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊Ȼ២Ɂ. ఍ᥓϭȺȕɞȦȻȟʬʳ˂ʵȾՒɏȬफᬭɂ႒ॴȻ‫ܤ‬. ᄾᩜᩜΡȟȕɞȟᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣȻᜆ஋ᩜΡୣȻɁᩖȾ. ॴȺɂႱȽȶȹȗȲǿᥓϭᐐɁȗɞȦȻɂ႒ॴȺɂʬ. ɂ២ɁᄾᩜᩜΡȟȕɞᴥ-0.110ᴦȦȻȟੱ٢Ɂ 1 ȷɁՁ. ʳ˂ʵɥᯚ૯ȨȮɞɁȾߦȪᴩ‫ॴܤ‬Ⱥɂʬʳ˂ʵɥͲ. ‫ى‬Ȼᐎțɜɟɞǿᣋ᪬ᩜΡȻᜆ஋ᩜΡȟ۹ȗȻᯚᳮ‫ܤ‬. ˩ȨȮȹȗȲǿ. ॴɁႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɂͲȗȟᴩ۹ȢɁᜆ஋ᩜΡɥί఍Ȭɞ. 2 ǽࠥࠞࢍȺɁᝩ౼Ɂᝊጯɂᴩ᥿᤯୑᪽Ȋᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂʛ˂. ᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂᣋ᪬ᩜΡɥȕɑɝ՘ɝፀɦȺȗȽȗȻȗș. ʇʔʵˁʗʍʒʹ˂ɹȋॅᔪɁ෩ం੓, 2006Ɂ167-169ᬮ. ȦȻȺȕɞǿɑȲᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣȻࢳᳮɂႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊Ȼ. ɥՎྃǿ. ២ɁᄾᩜᩜΡȟȕɞȟᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣȻࢳᳮȻɁᩖȾɂ. 3 ǽᝩ౼Ⱥɂᴩ‫و‬ኌᐐȾȈ101˥я͏˨200˥я͏˩ȉȻ. ២ɁᄾᩜᩜΡȟȕɞᴥ-0.143ᴦȦȻȟੱ٢Ɂɕș 1 ȷɁ. ȗȶȲᤣ੻ᑆȞɜࢳՖɥᤣɦȺɕɜȶȲǿᄾᩜΡୣɁ. Ձ‫ى‬Ȼᐎțɜɟɞǿᣋ᪬ᩜΡȟ۹ȢᴩࢳᳮȟᯚȗȻᯚ. ᜛አɗ᥾‫࢜و‬ґ౏Ⱥɂᴩᤣ੻ᑆɁ˹‫܄‬ϏɥႊȗȲǿ. ᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɂͲȗȟᴩࢳᳮȟᯚȢȽɞɎȼᯚ. (21). 4 ǽʂʱ˂ʂ(George) ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ɂകॡɥ୥ျȬɞ. ᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂ՘ɝፀɉᣋ᪬ᩜΡȟߵȽȢȽɞȻȗșȦȻȺ. ȻȠᴩᝓᅺȺȕɞȞ৞ষȺȕɞȞȻȗșᢉȟ᥾ᛵȺȕ. ȕɞǿȦɟɜɁျႏɁȲɔȾᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡȻႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊. ɞȦȻɥ઩ଊȪȹȗɞǿ୎᜙PGCʬʳ˂ʵˁʃɻ˂ʵ. ɁᩖɁᄾᩜᩜΡɂߴȨȢ᜻ΙȨɟȲȞɜᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣ. ɂȈɂȗȉȻȈȗȗțȉȺ‫و‬ኌȬɞ17Ɂ ‫ץ‬ᬱᄻȞɜ. Ɂൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁፏߦϏɂᄾᩜΡୣɁፏߦϏɛɝɕ. ഫ਽ȨɟȹȗɞǿȦɁʃɻ˂ʵɂᴩ ȈᐍȗȾߦȬɞৰ. ‫۾‬ȠȞȶȲȻᐎțɜɟɞǿ. ࣊ȉᴩȈ‫ޗ‬࿲৞ˁ˪຿ᠴ৞ȉᴩȈ॑ျᄑӦ૸ȉɁ 3 ȷɁ‫ى‬. 6ǽ ʬʳ˂ʵɥिࠖ۰ୣȻȪȹґ౏ȬɞȻᴥ᚜ 4 ɥՎ. ‫ފ‬ᴥ˩ͱࠂ࣊ᴦȞɜȽɞǿ ȈȕȽȲɂࢳɥȻȶȹҰɛɝ. ྃᴦᴩᣋ᪬ᩜΡୣɁൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬Ρୣɂɗɂɝ២Ⱥȕɞ. ɕमȾ቏ȲȽȢȽȶȲȻ९ȗɑȬȞǿ ȉɂȈᐍȗȾߦȬ. ȟᴩȰɁፏߦϏɂ 0 ȾᣋȢᴩȰɁफᬭӌɂɎȻɦȼȽ. ɞৰ࣊ȉᴩ ȈȨɆȪȗȻ৞ȫɞȦȻȟȕɝɑȬȞǿȉɂȈ‫ޗ‬. ȗǿ. ࿲৞ˁ˪຿ᠴ৞ȉᴩȈ॑ᥓȳȶȲɝᴩ෥ȾȽȶȲɝȪȹ. 7 ǽߋ٥‫͏ڒ‬۶Ȟɜߋ٥‫ڒ‬Ⱦ‫ݮ‬ȗȺȠȲ‫ॴܤ‬Ⱦɂᴩᣋ੔. ᅋɟȽȗȦȻȟȕɝɑȬȞǿ ȉɂȈ॑ျᄑӦ૸ȉɁ͍᚜. ȾᚌᎅᩜΡɁȕɞᜆ஋ȟȗȽȗǿȰșȪȲ‫ॴܤ‬ɂᣋ੔. ᄑȽ ‫ץ‬ᬱᄻȺȕɞǿȈᐍȗȾߦȬɞৰ࣊ȉɂᝓᅺȻґ. Ⱦȗɞ‫܁‬Ɂᜆ஋Ȼᜆ஋ᩜΡɥધȷȦȻȾȽɞǿȪȞ. ᭒ȨɟɞɁȾߦȪᴩ Ȉ‫ޗ‬࿲৞ˁ˪຿ᠴ৞ȉȻȈ॑ျᄑӦ૸ȉ. Ȫᴩ‫܁‬ȟඳ̪ȬɞȻᴩᣋ੔Ⱦȗɞ‫܁‬Ɂᜆ஋ȻႾᤕȾȽ. (2). ɂˢᤈᄑȽ৞ষȻґ᭒Ȩɟɞ ǿȪȲȟȶȹᴩ୎᜙PGC. ɞǿȕɞᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ɂᴩȈ٥ЫҋᡵȺȽȗᴥᯚᳮɁᴦ‫ॴܤ‬. ʬʳ˂ʵˁʃɻ˂ʵɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ɂ৞ষᄑϫᬂɥ˿. ɂ‫܁‬ȟ̪ȢȽɞȻ̷ᩖᩜΡȟߵȽȢȽɞȉȻ᜘ȶȹȗ. ȾລްȪȹȗɞȻȗțɞǿȻȦɠȺᴩႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɂȈȕ. ȲǿȦɁȦȻɂᴩᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬ȟᣋ੔Ⱦȗɞ‫܁‬Ɂᜆ஋Ȼɗ. ȽȲɂුஓɁႆ๊Ⱦᴩ100ཟ຿ཟȺȗțɃᴩͷཟȣɜȗ. ɓɥțȭȷȠնȶȹȗɞȻȗșȦȻȟȕɞȦȻɥᇉȪ. Ɂႆ๊຿ᠴ࣊ɥȝધȴȺȬȞǿ ȉȻȗș ‫ץ‬Ⱥ߱ɀȹȗ. ȹȗɞǿȦɁᐨȠ՘ɝᝩ౼ɂᴩ2006ࢳ 3 ఌ12ஓȾ޴ஃ ȪȲǿ. ɞǿ ‫ץ‬୫ȞɜᴩȦɟɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ɂᝓᅺᄑϫᬂɥ ລްȪȹȗɞȻȗțɞǿ. 8ǽҰᣖȪȲɛșȾᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ɂᆅሱɂ๊Ӧျᝲɥ೫. 5ǽ ൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁϏȻᄾᩜΡୣɁϏɥ෗ᢎȬɞȻᴩ. ᜳȬɞȦȻȞɜܿɑȶȲɁȺᴩᝩ౼ߦ៎ᐐɥᯚᳮᐐȾ. պࠊ޿஋ᩜΡୣɁൈໄϡ‫࢜و‬ΡୣɁϏ(0.157)ɂᄾᩜΡ. ᪅ްȬɞȦȻȟ۹ȢᴩኂᐐɁᅺɞ᪅ɝȺɂᴩ˹ᯚࢳᐐ. ୣɁϏ(0.116)ɥ˨‫و‬ȶȹȝɝᴩੱ٢ȟȕȶȲȦȻɥᇉ. ɥᝩ౼ߦ៎ȻȬɞᆅሱɂᛴ˩(14)Ɂᆅሱ͏۶ȽȗǿȰɁ. Ȫȹȗɞǿ۰ୣᩖɁᄾᩜΡୣȾɛȶȹᴩੱ٢ȟᠭȦȶ. Ȳɔᴩ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɂᯚᳮᐐȻ˹ᯚࢳᐐȻɁᩖȺࢃႱ. ȲՁ‫ى‬ɥ૘ɞȻᴩպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡୣȻՓ̷ᩜΡୣɂႆ๊. ȟȕɞȞȼșȞȾȷȗȹȕɑɝґȞȶȹȗȽȗǿᛴ˩. ຿ᠴ࣊ȻඩɁᄾᩜᩜΡȟȕɞȟᴩպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡୣȻՓ. Ɂᆅሱፀ౓ɂඒɁɛșȺȕȶȲǿयȟґ౏ȪȲʑ˂ʉ. ̷ᩜΡୣȻɁᩖȾɂ២ɁᄾᩜᩜΡȟȕɞᴥ-0.122ᴦȦȻ. ɂᴩ‫۾‬᥆ࢍȾͳɓ50දȞɜ54දɁ႒ॴᫀႊᐐɥᝩ౼Ȫᴩ. ȟੱ٢ɁՁ‫ى‬Ȼᐎțɜɟɞǿպࠊ޿஋ᩜΡȻՓ̷ᩜΡ. 10ࢳऻȾʛʗʵᝩ౼ȪȲɕɁȺȕɞǿȰɁґ౏ፀ౓Ⱦ. ᴪ 133 ᴪ.

(12) ɛɟɃᴩࢳᳮɁᯚȢȽȶȲ10ࢳऻɁ஁ȟ႒ॴɁ˿ᜊᄑ. BeingȻࠊͳ٥᥆ࢍ̷ٚՠ᛼ൌȻɁᩜᣵȾᩜȬɞᆅሱȉ. ࢶᇩ৞ɂᯚȢȽȶȹȗȲǿᯚᳮᐐɁ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ⱦᩜ. Ȋᐍࢳᇋ͢ᇼ‫ޙ‬ȋ28(3)ᴩpp.312-320ᴩ2006. Ȭɞаᚐᆅሱ. (11)(12)(13). ȾɛɟɃᴩࢳᳮȟͲȗɎȼ˿ᜊᄑ. (17) ൐ࠞԩ‫ފ‬ˁࠥరຏ‫ފ‬ˁైႎ௖‫ފ‬ˁާᗵ‫ୖޔ‬ˁաែ᥿̣Ȉᐍ. ࢶᇩ৞ɂᯚȞȶȲǿȦɁȦȻȞɜᴩ˹ᯚࢳᐐɂᯚᳮᐐ. ᜆȻҝࠊ‫ފ‬ɁᩜΡź‫ي‬٥ȾࠊͳȬɞ‫ॴܤ‬ᐍ̷Ɂ‫ک‬նźȉ. ɛɝɕ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȟᯚȗȻ̙৊ȺȠɞȤɟȼɕᴩᛴ. Ȋᐍࢳᇋ͢ᇼ‫ޙ‬ȋ15(2)ᴩpp.119-123ᴩ1994. ˩Ɂᆅሱፀ౓ɂȦɁ̙৊ȾՕȪȹȗȲǿ. (18) աែ᥿̣ˁ౺ႎԩˁᓺ៹ԩˁᬳࠞ᫼႒ȈPGCʬʳ˂ʵˁ ʃɻ˂ʵɁഫᣲźఊᣋɁ୎᜙ͽഈȟɕȲɜȪȲɕɁźȉ. ―文 献―. Ȋᇋ͢ᐍࢳ‫ޙ‬ȋNo.29ᴩpp.64-74ᴩ1989. (1)ǽաែ᥿̣Ȉʬʳ˂ʵȾߦȬɞᇋ͢ᄑ๊ӦɁफᬭź๊Ӧ. (19) ᇩණᄽȊஓటᇋ͢Ɂഫᣲǽቼ̝࿂ȋూ̱‫ޙ۾‬ҋ࿂͢ᴩ. ျᝲȻᫌᑱျᝲɁ೫ᜳźȉ Ȋᇋ͢ᐍࢳ‫ޙ‬ȋNo.17ᴩpp.3649ᴩ1983. 1987ᴩpp.32-38 (20) Antonucci, T. C., "Social support and social relationship,". (2)ǽաែ᥿̣ȈᐍऻɁࢶᇩ৞Ɂᩜᣵᛵ‫ى‬źഫᣲ஁ሌࣻʬ. In R. H. Binstock and L. K. George (eds.), Handbook of. ʑʵȾɛɞпّʑ˂ʉɁᜓ౏źȉ ȊျᝲȻ஁ศȋ8(2)ᴩ. Aging and the Social Sciences, 3rd Edition, Academic Pressᴩ. pp.111-125ᴩ1993. 1990ᴩpp.205-226.. (3)ǽ᥿ᣃ୑᪽Ȉ٥஁᥆ࢍȾͳɓᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ȉ. (21) George, L. K., "Subjective well-being: Conceptual and. ȊျᝲȻ஁ศȋ14(1)ᴩpp.105-123ᴩ1999. methodological issues," Annual Review of Gerontology and. (4)ǽ˨᥿ԛ᲎‫ފ‬ᴥ፾ᴦ ȊȈ‫ܤ‬ᎅȉɥႆȠȲ‫ܤ‬Ȳȴȋࠨฯంࣆ,. Geriatiricsᴩ2ᴩ1981ᴩpp.345-382.. 2008 (5)ǽաែ᥿ ̣ˁࠥరຏ‫ފ‬ˁާᗵ‫ୖޔ‬ˁᩋែࡺ˥࢑‫ފ‬ˁ. ᴥటሟɂᴩࢲ਽17ࢳ࣊Ɂࠥࠞ‫ޙޙ۾‬ᩋᚹᦀጽ៵Ⱦɛɞᆅ. ๏ࡺᤎ̷ˁ൐ࠞԩ‫ފ‬ˁైႎ௖‫ ފ‬Ȉ᥆ࢍ˹ᯚࢳɁ˿ᜊ. ሱ਽౓Ɂˢ᥂ȺȬǿᬂ૚ᝩ౼ȾԦӌȪȹȗȲȳȗȲߋ٥. ᄑࢶᇩ৞Ȼᇋ͢ᩜΡȾᩜᣵȬɞᛵ‫ى‬ȉ Ȋᐍࢳᇋ͢ᇼ‫ޙ‬ȋ. ‫ڒ‬Ɂ̷ȁȾ৞ពȗȲȪɑȬǿɑȲᴩ฿ߔӌɁȕɞʶʟʴ˂. 16(2)ᴩpp. 15-123ᴩ1995. ɁɽʫʽʒȺటሟɁю߁ȟ‫ࢥ۾‬Ⱦ୎‫ױ‬ȨɟɑȪȲǿʶʟ. (6)ǽែՠ֪෹ˁ๏᥿̹ˁҰႎ‫ͽ۾‬ȈᡵͶᄑ๊ӦʶʣʵɁᯚ. ʴ˂Ⱦɕ৞ពȗȲȪɑȬǿᴦ. ȗ႒ॴᯚᳮᐐɁʬʳ˂ʵȉ Ȋᇋ͢ᐍࢳ‫ޙ‬ȋNo.12ᴩpp.4758ᴩ1980 (7)ǽ᥿᤯୑᪽Ȋᯚᳮ‫ॴܤ‬Ɂʛ˂ʇʔʵˁʗʍʒʹ˂ɹȋॅ ᔪɁ෩ం੓ᴩpp.271-289ᴩ2006 (8)ǽᄽ̢ᤍ‫ފ‬Ȉ᥆ࢍࠊͳᯚᳮᐐɁࢶᇩ৞ź޿஋ˁᜆ஋ˁ Փ̷Ɂ౓ȲȬमҾźȉ Ȋ፱ն᥆ࢍᆅሱȋNo.39ᴩpp.149159ᴩ1990. (9)ǽҰႎ‫ͽ۾‬ˁ᥿ՠᛀ̝ˁဝ᥿֪ॖˁ˹ែ᪚஥ˁ٪ႎ֚ˢˁ Jersey LiandȈᯚᳮᐐɁ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɁഫᣲȻᛵ‫ى‬ȉ Ȋᇋ ͢ᐍࢳ‫ޙ‬ȋNo.11ᴩpp.15-31ᴩ1989 (10) ʹᗵᇸ጗ˁ˹ࡀ֪‫܁‬ȈᯚᳮᐐɁ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞ɥ᛼ްȬ ɞᛵ‫ى‬Ɂ೫᜞ȉ Ȋᇋ͢ᇩᇐ‫ޙ‬ȋ37(2)ᴩpp.1-15ᴩ1996 (11) ᗵႎҟผˁ‫ڷ۾‬Υ႒ˁែՠࢶˢ Ȉᐍ̷Ɂ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ ৞ȻȰɁᩜᣵᛵ‫ى‬ȉ Ȋ ᇋ ͢ ᐍ ࢳ ‫ ޙ‬ȋNo.29ᴩpp.75-85ᴩ 1989 (12) աែ᥿̣Ȉ‫ي‬٥ᐍ̷ȾȝȤɞʬʳ˂ʵȻᇋ͢ᩜΡź ॴȻᥓϭᐐɁ఍ིɁᝩኮӛ౓źȉ Ȋᇋ͢ᐍࢳ‫ޙ‬ȋNo.35ᴩ pp.3-9ᴩ1992. (13) ᥿ՠᛀ̝Ȉᚱί឴ᯚᳮᐐɁ˿ᜊᄑࢶᇩ৞Ȼϧ࣐৞ȉ Ȋᇋ͢ᐍࢳ‫ޙ‬ȋNo.32ᴩ3-11ᴩ1990 (14) ᛴ˩पΥȈ˹ᯚࢳఙɁʬʳ˂ʵɁး࿡Ȼ۰ԇȉ Ȋᇋ͢ ᐍࢳ‫ޙ‬ȋNo.25ᴩpp.30-43ᴩ1987 (15) ᦣజࢿȈ᥆ࢍ̷Ɂႆ๊ഫᣲᝲࣃᝢȉᦣజࢿᕻȊ᥆ࢍԇ Ɂᆅሱȋ঄஬ᇋՀႆᩝᴩpp.190-215ᴩ1986 (16) ٪᥿ᤎ᤼ˁూ๜౑ࡄȈᯚᳮᐐɁSubjective Social Well-. ᴪ 134 ᴪ.

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