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̿̿ࠕᬑ㏻⏕ά࡛ࡁࡿ௦ࠖࢆྲྀࡾࡶࡋࡓ࠸ E Ặࡢሙྜ̿̿
ᵽཱྀ ┤ே
㸯㸬ၥ㢟ࡢᡤᅾ̿̿㐠ືཧຍ࠾ࡅࡿࠕ‶ࠖࡢ⨨ ♫㐠ື◊✲ࡢ࡞࡛ࡣྂ࠸ᖖ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ 1970 ᖺ௦ࢆቃࡋ࡚㐠ືཧຍࡢせᅉᑐࡍࡿ⌮ゎࡀ ࡁࡃ㌿ࡋࡓ㸦McAdam 1982㸧ࠋࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡣࠊ♫ 㛵ಀࡢゎయЍᏳࠊᮇᚅ⌧ᐇࡢ㞳㸦┦ᑐⓗዣ㸧 ̿̿せࡍࡿࠕ‶ࠖࡀ㐠ືཧຍࡢせᅉࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ 㸦ᯇᮏ 1985; Oberschall 1972㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ㐠ືཧຍࡢ ┠ⓗࡣ‶ࡢゎᾘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ♫㐠ືࡀ┠ⓗ㐩ᡂࡢࡓࡵ ࡢྜ⌮ⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ぢ᪉ࢆకࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ1ࠋ ࡑࢀࢆᢈุࡋࡓࡢࡀ㈨※ືဨㄽ୍ᣓࡉࢀࡿ୍㐃ࡢ ㆟ㄽ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ❧ሙࢆ᫂☜ᡴࡕฟࡋࡓ㆟ㄽ࡛ࡣࠊ ♫࠾ࡅࡿ‶ࡢ⥲㔞ࡣኚࡋ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡿ ࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ‶ࡼࡾࡶືဨࡋ࠺ࡿ㈨※ࡢ㔞ࡼࡗ࡚ 㐠ືࡢⓎ⏕ࡣㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡋࡓ㸦McCarthy & Zald 1987㸧ࠋ ᮏ✏ࡢᩥ⬦࡛ࡣ➨ 1 ࠊᅾ≉ࢆࠕ‶ࠖ࠸࠺ࣉ ࢵࢩࣗせᅉ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠊࠕ㈨※ࠖ࠸࠺ࣉࣝせᅉ࡛ ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ࠸࠺㐪࠸ࡋ࡚ゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡿࠋ⌧ᐇࠕᅾ ᪥≉ᶒࠖ࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢ᰿ᣐࡀⷧᙅ࡞௨ୖࠊᐇែⓗ࡞ᅾ᪥ ≉ᶒࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚Ⓨࡍࡿ‶ࡼࡗ࡚㐠ືཧຍࢆࡇ ࡲ࡛ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡢࠋࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊᅾ≉ ࡗ࡚ࡢ㈨※ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢࠋ➨ 2 ࠊᅾ≉ ࢆ㠀ྜ⌮ⓗ࡛♫⌮ⓗ࡞㞟ྜ⾜ືࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ࡢ ࠊ୍ᐃࡢ┠ⓗྜ⌮ᛶࢆᣢࡗࡓ㞟ྜ⾜Ⅽࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ࡢ ࠸࠺┦㐪ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕ♫ࡢᗏ㎶࡛Ꮩ❧ࡋ ࡓⱝ⪅ࠖࡀࠕ㨚ᒅࡋࡓᚰࡢࡣࡅཱྀࠖࡋ࡚ࠕ⮬ศࡼ ࡾ❧ሙࡢᙅ࠸⪅ࢆᶆⓗࡍࡿࠖࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㏻ᛕⓗ࡞ぢ ᪉㸦ู✏࡛ヲ㏙㸧ࡣጇᙜ࡞ࡢྰࠋ ➹⪅⮬㌟ࡣࠊᅾ≉ࡢᙇ⮬యࡣ࣊ࢺࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࡔ ᛮ࠺ࡋࠊ♫⛉Ꮫⓗࡳ࡚ጇᙜᛶࡀ࡞ࡃࠊ⫋ᴗⓗ♫ Ꮫ⪅ࡋ࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿẼࡶ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸦ࠕࣘࢲࣖேࡢ 㝜ㅛࠖྠᵝࡲࡌࡵྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿ౯್ࡢ࡞࠸㸧Ỉ‽ ࡔ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡔࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᙇࡢෆᐜࡣูࠊ୍ ᐃࡢ୍㈏ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ⌮ᛕࡢᐇ⌧ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓྜ┠ⓗⓗ࡞ 㞟ྜ⾜Ⅽࡋ࡚ᅾ≉ࢆࡳࡿࡇࡣྍ⬟ࡔࡶ⪃࠼ ࡿࠋࡑࡢព࡛ࠊᅾ≉ࡢᙇࡣูཧຍ⪅ࡢ⇕ព 1 ࡇࡢ㆟ㄽࡢࡑࡢᚋࡢᒎ㛤ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊBuechler㸦2004㸧ࢆ ཧ↷ࠋ ࡸືᶵࢆ⌮ษࡗ࡚ᤞ࡚ࡿࡢࡣ♫⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞ṇ☜ ࡉࢆḞࡃࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ➹⪅ࡀᅾ≉ㄪᰝ╔ᡭࡍࡿ㝿ࡋ ࡚ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞❧ሙࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ㄽⅬ㛵ࢃࡿཧຍ⪅ࡢ 1 ேࡋ࡚ࠊE Ặ㸦40 ௦ዪᛶ㸧 ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ2011 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 11 ᪥⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋ 㸰㸬ᨻᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰ ࠓẸඪࡢಙឤࠔ 㸦ᨻᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡣ㸧↛࡞ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ᫇ࡣ⮬ Ẹඪᨻᶒ࡛ࡋࡓࡽࠊ୍ู⯡ேࡣ⯆ᣢࡓ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ ୖࡢேࡀ㐺ᙜఱࡸࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ㸦㑅ᣲ ࡣ㸧ᅜẸࡢ⩏ົ࡛ࡍࡽࠋ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㒊⾜ࡗ࡚ ࡲࡋࡓࠋ㸦ᢞ⚊ඛࡣ㸧⮬Ẹඪ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡳࢇ࡞ࡀᐑἑ㸦႐ ୍㸧ࡣࢲ࣓ࢲ࣓࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡅࠊ⚾ࡽࡳࡿࡲ࠶ ࡲ࠶ࡼࡃࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡞ࠋࡲ࠶ 100 Ⅼ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡅ ࡶࠋࡲ࠶ࠊᑡ࡞ࡃࡶࡢⳢ㸦┤ே㸧ࡉࢇࡼࡾࡣ ↛࠸࠸ᛮࡗ࡚ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ⩚⏣㸦Ꮤ㸧ࡉࢇࡀฟ࡚ࡓࡁࡣẸඪఱᗘධࢀ ࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠊ᫇ࡢẸඪ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㐪ࡗ࡚ ⤖ᵓேࡋࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ♫ඪࡋࡓࡗ࡚᫇ࡣ⤖ᵓ ࡇ࠺ࠊఱ࡚࠸࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠊୗࡢேࢆᑐ㇟ື࠸࡚ࡃࢀ ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡀࠊࡲ࠶ࡀࢇࡤࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞࠸࠺ឤࡌࡣᣢࡗ ࡚ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࡡࠋ㸦2009 ᖺ⥲㑅ᣲ࡛ࡣ㸧⮬Ẹඪ࡛ࡋ ࡓࠋ ࡓࡔࠊ࠸ࡘ㡭࡞ࠊ㸦Ẹඪᨻᶒ࡞ࡗ࡚㸧㬀ᒣ㸦⏤ ⣖ኵ㸧ࡉࢇࡀฟࡓ࠶ࡓࡾࡽࠕࡕࡻࡗẸඪࡗ࡚࠾ ࡋ࠸࡞ࠖࡗ࡚ఱឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ㬀ᒣࡉࢇࡗ࡚ࠊ ࣓࣍࢜ࣃࢩ࣮ࢆಖ㝤ࡢᑐ㇟ࡍࡿࡗ࡚ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡛ ࡋࡻࠋ࣓࣍࢜ࣃࢩ࣮ࠋࣇ࣮࢚ࣛ࣡ࢵࢭࣥࢫࢆࡗࡓ ⒪ࢆࡍࡿࠊ࢜࢝ࣝࢺ࡛ࡍࡼ࠶ࢀࠋࡑࢀദ╀⒪ ἲࢆࡗ࡚ࡍࠊ㟋Ẽࢆ࠺ࠋ⚾ࡣࡑࢀࢆ⪺ ࠸࡚ࡇࢇ࡞ேࡀᅜࡢࢺࢵࣉ࡞ࡗࡕࡷࡗࡓࡽࠊࡇࡢᅜ ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡇ࡞ࡗࡕࡷ࠺ᛮࡗ࡚ࠊࡕࡻࡗࡑ ࢀࡀ㸦ࡁࡗࡅ࡛㸧Ẹഴ࠸ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦ᨭᣢᨻඪࡣ㸧࡞࠸࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊⳢࡉࢇࡀ ᅇࡢ㟈⅏ࡢ௳ཎⓎࡢ௳ࡶࡑ࠺࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࡶࠊṇ ࡋ࠸ࡇࡸࢀࡤ⚾ࡔࡗ࡚Ẹࢆᨭᣢࡋ࡚ࡲࡍࡼࠋᅇ ࡢ௳ࡶࡑ࠺࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊⳢࡉࢇࡀࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ⤖ᒁᮾࡢேࢆ࠸ࡌࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡋࡋ ࡞࠸ࡽࠋࡔࡽ⚾ࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍẸඪࡀ᎘࠸࡞ࡗࡕ ࡷ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠓ㐣⃭ὴ᎘࠸ࠔ ᑠࡉ࠸㡭ࡽࡕࡻࡗ᪥ᮏࡢሗ㐨ࡗ࡚ࢇࡔ࡞ࠊ ఱ࡞ࡃឤࡌ࡚ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ 60 ᖺ௦ 70 ᖺ௦ࡢ㟁Ἴࢸࣞࣅࡗ࡚ࠊ࡞ࢇࡇ࠺ᨻᗓᑐࡋ࡚ ᑐࡍࡿேࡀࣄ࣮࣮ࣟࠊ㆙ᐹᑐࡋ࡚ᣮᡓࡍࡿࡢ ࡀࣄ࣮࣮ࣟࡔࡳࡓ࠸ྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࡀከ࠸ࡅࠊ ࡑࢀࡣ࠺࡞ࢇࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࠕ㣕㱟ఏࠖ࠸࠺⯙ྎࡀ࠶ࡗ ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊࡈᏑ▱࡛ࡍࠋࡘࡇ࠺࠸ࡢࠋ⤖ᒁ ࠶ࢀࡗ࡚ࢸࣟࣜࢫࢺ࡛ࡍࡼࠋࢸࣟࣜࢫࢺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࣟ ࣑࢜ࢪ࢚ࣗࣜࢵࢺࡍࡿࡢࠊ࠺࡞ࡢ࡞ࠋ⣲ᩛ࡞ ᜊࠋఱ࠶ࢇࡲࡾ⚾ࠊዪࡔࡽࠊ⾑ࢆὶࡍࡑ࠺ ࠸࠺ࡢዲࡁࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࠕዪᅃࡉࡑࡾࠖ ࠋ࡛ࡶࡸࡗࡥࡾᙜࡢⱝ⪅ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡍࡿࡢ ࡀࡗࡇ࠸࠸ᛮࡗ࡚ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋ ࡛ࠊࡲ࠶㧗ᰯ㐍ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ⤖ᵓࠊࠕඛ ⏕ࡣⱝ࠸㡭ࠊ᪥ᮏ㉥㌷ධࡗ࡚ࡓࢇࡔࡒࠖࠕὸ㛫 ᒣⲮࡢ௳ࠊඛ⏕ࡗࡇ࠸࠸ᛮ࠺ࡒࠖ࠸࠺ேࠊ⤖ ᵓ࠸ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋせࡍࡿࠊࠕேࢆയࡘࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ά ືࡗ࡚ࠊඛ⏕࠺࡞ࡢ࡞ࠖࡕࡻࡗᛮࡗ࡚ࡓࢇ࡛ ࡍࡼࡡࠋ࡛ࡶࡳࢇ࡞ࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ඛ⏕ࢆࡳ࡚ࠊඛ⏕ࡗ ࡇ࠸࠸࠸࠺ࡽࠊࡑࢀࢆ࣊ࣥࡔᛮ࠺⚾ࡀ࣊ࣥ࡞ࡢ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊࡕࡻࡗᝎࢇࡔᮇࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ 㸱㸬እᅜேࡢ᥋Ⅼ ᛮ࠸ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㧗ᰯࡢ㡭࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊ࡞ࢇ ᅾ᪥ࡢඛ㍮⤖ᵓ࠸ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡲ࠶⚾ࠊ᫇ࡣᮅ᪥᪂ ⪺ㄞࢇ࡛ࡓࡽࠊᮅ᪥᪂⪺ࡇࢀ᪥ᮏࡣ㐣ཤᝏ࠸ࡇࡋ ࡚ᅾ᪥ࡢேࡍࡈ࠸ࢃ࠸ࡑ࠺࡞ࡇࡋࡓࡽಖㆤࡋ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡲ࠶୍✀Ὑ⬻ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ ௦ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ୰ᅜ㝣⾜ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓᅜㄒࡢඛ⏕ࡀ࠸ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕ᚐࠕ࠶࠸ࡘࡽࡣ ᅾ᪥ࡔࡽ࠶ࢇࡲࡾ௰Ⰻࡃࡍࡿ࡞ࠖࡗ࡚ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ ௦ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡑࢀ⪺࠸ࡓࡁࠊࡑࢀࡕࡻࡗ ࡦ࠸ࡼࡗᛮࡗ࡚ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲ࠶ࠊࡑࢀࡽே࡞ࡾࡲࡋ࡚ࠊࡲ࠶ۑۑࡗ࡚࠸ ࠺࢚ࣜᅾ᪥ࡢ᪉ࡀከࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋูఱࡶ ࡞ࡃࠊ᭱ึࡣὴ㐵♫ဨ࡛ാ࠸࡚ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊḟṇ♫ဨ࡛ ാ࠸ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࡶࠊࡑࡇࡢ♫ࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡀ୰ᅜ 㡑ᅜࢆ┦ᡭᶵᲔࢆ㍺ฟࡍࡿ♫ࡔࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ ࠺ࡸࡽෆ㒊ࡢ᪉ࡢヰࡔࠊ㡑ᅜ࡛࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁぢ⪺ࡁࡍ ࡿ᪥ᮏேࡢヰࡔࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ࡢሗࡌ࡚࠸ࡿヰ ࡎ࠸ࡪࢇ㐪࠺࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㝶ศ⪺ࡉࢀࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋࡑ ࢀࠊ㡑ᅜࡢேࡀ᪥ᮏࡢᡓதࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᫇ࡣࡑ࠺࠸ ࠺ࡇࡀ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࠶ࡗࡓࡡࠊࡃࡽ࠸ࡋᛮࡗ࡚࡞࠸ ࠋࡑࢀࡀ୍ࡘࠊᐇࡣ➉ᓥࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࡑࢇ࡞ḧࡋ ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࠋࡾ࠶࠼ࡎୖࡢேࡀ➉ ᓥࡣᡃࠎࡢ㡿ᅵࡔࡗ࡚ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡽࠊࡾ࠶࠼ࡎࡑ ࠺ࡔࡑ࠺ࡔ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡅࢀࡶࠊูࡗࡕ࡛ࡶ࠸ ࠸࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⌧ᆅࡢேࡢ⪃࠼ࡔࡗ࡚ࠋࡓࡔࡸࡗࡥࡾࡇ ࢀࠊ➉ᓥࢆ㡑ᅜ㏉ࡏ㏉ࡏࡗ୍࡚␒ࡸࡲࡋࡃάືࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ᪥ᮏேࡔࡗ࡚ゝ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋࡲ࠶ᕥഃࡢࠋ 㸲㸬ᮾࢪᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰ 㸦ᢼ⮴ࡘ࠸࡚㸧ࡸࡗࡥࡾ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ᛮ࠺ࡋࠋ࡛ࡶࠊ ࡑࡢ㡭ࡣᢼ⮴ᑐࡋ࡚ື࠸࡚࠸ࡿᅋయࡀ࠶ࡿࡗ࡚࠸ ࠺ࡢࢆ▱ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦ி㍯ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸧ࡑࢀࡣ 2 ࡕࡷࢇࡡࡿ࡛ࠋࡓ ࡲࡓࡲࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᯈࡀࢺࢵࣉฟ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡛ぢ࡚ࡓ ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࣇ࣮ࣜࢳ࣋ࢵࢺ᳨࡛⣴ࡋ࡚ฟࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡀࡋ ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠋ࠶ࡢࡡࠊ㸦⮬ศࡣ㸧࠶ࡿᴗ✀ධࡗ࡚ ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ2 ࡕࡷࢇࡡࡿ⮬ศࡢࡇ᭩ࢀ࡚ࡓࡽ࠺ ࡋࡼ࠺ᛮࡗ࡚ࠊᯈࢆぢ࡚ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡽ ࡓࡲࡓࡲㄡࡀࣇ࣮ࣜࢳ࣋ࢵࢺ࠸࠺ࡢࢆ᭩࠸࡚࠸ ࡓࡽࠊࡑࢀ࡛⮬ศ࡛㏫ࠕࣇ࣮ࣜࢳ࣋ࢵࢺࡗ࡚ఱࡔ ࢁ࠺᳨ࠖ⣴ࡋ࡚ࠋ 㛗㔝࡛ᭀືࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡣ Youtube ࡔࡗࡓࠊࢽࢥࢽࢥࡔࡗࡓ࡞̿̿ື⏬ࢧ ࢺ࡛㸦ぢࡲࡋࡓ㸧ࠋ2 ࡕࡷࢇࡡࡿࠕࡇࡇࡳ࡚ࡈࡽ ࢇࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࡽ̿̿グ᠈ࡀ᭕࡛ࡍࡅࠊࡶࡋࡋ ࡓࡽつᶍ࢜ࣇᯈࡔࡗࡓࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡋࠋఱዪࡢᏊ ࡀ୰ᅜࡢᅖࡲࢀ࡚ࢃ࣮ࡗ࡚Ἵ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ͐ ࡑ࠺ࡔᛮ࠸ฟࡋࡓࠊBiglobe ࡢࢺࢵࣉࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫฟ ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ 㸦ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚㸧ࢿࢵࢺ࡛ㄪ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡕࠊࡇࢀࡣࡕ ࡻࡗࡼࢁࡋࡃ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢࠊ୰ᅜ㛵 ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊி࢜ࣜࣥࣆࢵࢡࡢ㛗㔝ࡢ⾜㐍࡛ࡢᭀືࢆ▱ ࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡣࡕࡻࡗࡸࡤ࠸࡞ᛮࡗ࡚ࠋ࡛ࠊࣇࣜ ࣮ࢳ࣋ࢵࢺཧຍࡋࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ࠶ࠊ⬌㘊 ℀ࡀ᮶ࡓᖺ࡛ࡍ㸦2008 ᖺ㸧ࠋ ࡓࡔࠊࡑࡢᚋ⚾࡞ࡾࡕࡻࡗㄪࡿࠊ࡞ࢇࡑ ࢇ࡞༢⣧ࣇ࣮ࣜࢳ࣋ࢵࢺࡗ࡚ᨭ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡌࡷ ࡞࠸ࡢ࡞ࠋ⤖ᒁࢳ࣋ࢵࢺࢆసࡗࡕࡷࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊࢲࣛ ࣐ࣛࡀཎᅉ࡞ࢃࡅ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࢳ࣋ࢵࢺࡗ࡚ᅜࡣࠊࡇ ࢀ࠶ࡢ㝯ᖇࡀ࠸ࡓ㡭ࡗ࡚࠸ࡘࡔࡗࡓ࡞㺃㺃㺃ࠋ࡞ࢇ ࠶ࡢᅜࡗ࡚᫇ࡽ㌷㝲ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ᅜ࡛ࠊఱ⮬ศࡢ ᅜ࡛ືࡀ࠶ࡿ㒊୰ᅜࡢ࠺ຓࡅࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ ࡓࡑ࠺࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡔࡽࠊ⤖ᵓࢲ࣐ࣛࣛࡀ⮬ศࡢᅜ ࡢẸࢆࠊ୰ᅜࡗ࡚ᙎᅽࡋ࡚ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋࡇࢀࡣ ࠺࡞ࡢ࡞࠸࠺ࡢࡀ 1 ࡘࠊࣜࣝࢳ࣋ࢵࢺே⪺ ࠸ࡓࡽ࠺ࡶ᪥ᮏேࡀ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࢳ࣋ࢵࢺၥ㢟⌧
ᆅࡢே㛫ࡀᤊ࠼ࡓࢳ࣋ࢵࢺၥ㢟ࠊᚤጁ㐪࠺ࡽࡋ࠸ࢇ ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࢳ࣋ࢵࢺࡗ࡚ᅜࢆឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡅࠊ ูࡑࢀࡣࢲ࣐ࣛࣛ㸻ࢳ࣋ࢵࢺᤊ࠼࡞࠸࡛ࡋ ࠸ࠋࢳ࣋ࢵࢺ࠸࠺ᅜࡣࢳ࣋ࢵࢺேࡢࡓࡵࡢᅜ࡛࠶ ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋࡔࡽࠊࡲ࠶ࡕࡻࡗࢿࢵࢺ ࠶࠾ࡽࢀ࡚⡆༢ࣇ࣮ࣜࢳ࣋ࢵࢺ࠸࠺ࡢࡶ࠺࡞ ࡢ࡞࠶ࠋ ࡸࡗࡥࡾࢳ࣋ࢵࢺၥ㢟࠸࠺ࡢࡣࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࡔ ࠊᛮࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡅ ࠊᅾ≉࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡇࢀ⮬ศ㐩ࡢ⏕άࡍࡈ࠸ᐦ᥋ 㛵ࢃࡿࡽࠋ⚾ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡎࡑ࠺࠸࠺⥡㯇࡞ᛮ ࡼࡾࡶ⏕ά࡞ࠊࠋࡢ㸦⏕άࢆ㸧ࠋ 㸳㸬ᅾ≉ ࠓᅋయࡢཧຍࠔ 㸦᭱ึཧຍࡋࡓ㞟ࡣ㸧☜እᅜேཧᨻᶒᑐࡔ ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡀࡋࡲࡍࠋ୍␒᭱ึࡢࠋ12 ᭶ࡔࡗࡓ ࡽࠊ2009 ᖺࡔࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠋ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡎࡗ 㛫ࡀࡓࡗ࡚ࠊ⩣ᖺᅾ≉ࢆ▱ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡀࡍࡿࡢ ࡛ࡍࡅࠋ 㸦ᅾ≉ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡼ࠺࡞㛵ᚰࡣ㸧᭱ึࡣ࣓࣍࢜ࣃ ࢩ࣮ࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡽࠋಖ㝤ἲࡢᨵṇࡢࠋࡔࡽ 2009 ᖺ ࡽࠋࡑࢀࡲ࡛ᅾ≉ࡗ࡚▱ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ㸦࣍ ࣓࢜ࣃࢩ࣮㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸧࡞ࡐ࠸࠺ࡑࡢ 㡭ࡽ⚾ࢿࢵࢺࢆᮏ᱁ⓗࡸࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡓࢇ࡛ ࡍࠋࡑࡢ๓ࡣ࠶ࢇࡲࡾࢿࢵࢺࡗ࡚ࡸࡗ࡚࡞ࡗࡓࡽࠋ ࡶᛁࡋࡗࡓࡋࠋࡔࡽࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᨻάືࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿᕷẸᅋయࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ⮬య▱ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋ ࡑࡢࡁࡲ࡛ࡎࡗࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᅋయࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡶ▱ࡽ ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠋࡲ࠶ࠊ2 ࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝࡢ㞟ࡲࡾࡑ࠺ ࠸࠺ࡢฟ࡚࠸ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ2 ࡕࡷࢇࡡࡿࡣࡗࡕ ࠸࠺ࢿࢱࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊ࠶ࢇࡲࡾᨻࡣ⯆ ࡞ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦2 ࡕࡷࢇࡡࡿࡢ㸧ᥖ♧ᯈ࡛ࠊࡓ࠼ࡤ࡛እᅜ ேཧᨻᶒᑐ㐠ືࡀ࠶ࡿࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡢฟ࡚ࡓ ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࠊࡲࡎ᭱ึڹڹࡢ㞟⾜ࡗ࡚ࠊࢳࣛࢩ 㓄ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࡽࢳࣛࢩࢆࡶࡽࡗ࡚ࠊ☜᭱ึࡣۑۑ ڧڧࡢࢹࣔ⾜ࡗࡓẼࡀࡍࡿࡡࠋ㬀ᒣࡉࢇእᅜேཧ ᨻᶒࢆ✚ᴟⓗ᥎ዡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࠊࡌࡷ࠶ࡸࡗ ࡥࡾࡑࡢእᇼࢆᇙࡵࡿࡢฟࡓ᪉ࡀ࠸࠸ࠋ㸦ᙼࡽࡀ ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ㸧1 ࡘ 1 ࡘࡘࡪࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋእᅜேཧ ᨻᶒࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏࡢἲᚊࡀ㑅ᣲ࠸࠺ࡢࢆᅜẸࡀ ᶒࢆᣢࡘࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊᶒࢆ࡞࠸ࡶࡢཷࡅ࡚ࡣ࠸ ࡅ࡞࠸ࡗ࡚᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡿࢇ࡛ࡋࡻࠋࡸࡗࡥࡾ⚾ᅜᐙ࠸ ࠺ࡢࡣࠊἲᚊ࡛࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋᕥഃࡢே ࡓࡕࡣఱឤⓗ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡽࠊឤ࡛ᅜࡀື࠸ ࡓࡽࡇࡢᅜ࠺࡞ࡗࡕࡷ࠺ࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠋ 㸦㞟ࡣ㸧㠃ⓑ࠸ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ ࡞ࠋࡲ࠶࡛ࡶࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢᙇࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡣᑡࡋࡣ㏻ ࡌࡓ࡞ᛮࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ⾜ࡃࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㠃ⓑ࠸ 㠃ⓑࡃ࡞࠸ࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࡋࠊࡲ࠶ࡾ࠶࠼ࡎㄡࡀኌࢆ ୖࡆ࡞࠸ࠊࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡢࡗ࡚Ỵࡲࡗࡕࡷ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡀ ࡋࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ㸦ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㞟ཧຍࡣ㸧1 ேࠋ⚾ࠊۑۑ ฟ㌟ࡔࡽۑۑࡢே㛫ࡗ࡚⤖ᵓ㢌ࡗ⾑ࡀୖࡗ ࡕࡷ࠺ 1 ே࡛ࡘࡗࡥࡋࡗࡕࡷ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ㛫㐪 ࡗ࡚ࡿ࡞ᛮࡗࡓࡽ㛫㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡗ࡚ゝࡗࡕࡷ࠺ࡋࠋ 㸦እᅜேཧᨻᶒࡘ࠸࡚㸧ᨻⓗࡣࡕࡻࡗ⯆ ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࡶࠊࡓࡔ⚾᫇ヰ⤖ᵓዲࡁ࡛ ࡋࡓࡽࠊࡓ࠼ࡤୡ⏺୍࡛␒᭱ึࡢእᅜேཧᨻᶒࡀ ᡂ❧ࡋࡓᚋ࢚̿̿ࢪࣉࢺࡢ࣮ࣔࢮࡢఏㄝ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ ࡼࡡࠋ࣮ࣔࢮࡢ๓ࡢࢲࢽ࢚࡛ࣝࡍࡗࡅࠊࣘࢲࣖேࡀ࢚ ࢪࣉࢺࡢ೧࠸ࡉࢇ࡞ࡗࡕࡷࡗ࡚ࠋ࡛ゝ࠺ἲධᅜ ࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋ࢚ࢪࣉࢺࡢᆅࡀࣘࢲࣖேࢇධࡗ࡚࠸ ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡛ࠊ௦ࡀୗࡗࡓ࢚ࢪࣉࢺࡢ⾜ᨻ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡢࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊࣘࢲࣖேࡼࡗ࡚㒊ࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋᙼࡽࡀ࠶ࡲࡾࡶຊࢆᣢࡕࡍࡂࡕࡷࡗࡓ ࡽࠊ࢚ࢪࣉࢺࡢබඹᕤࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡢࡀࡍࡈࡃື ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ヰࢆ⪺࠸࡚ࠊ᫇ヰ࡛⪺࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀ ࡕࡻࡗ࠺࡞ࢇࡔࢁ࠺ᛮࡗ࡚ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡓࡔࠊ᪥ᮏࡣᙜࡑࢇ࡞እᅜே࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡽࠊ 㐲࠸᫇ࡢヰࡔࡋࠊ᪥ᮏ㛵ಀ࡞࠸ࡸᛮࡗ࡚ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ 㸦ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡽ㬀ᒣࡉࢇࡀ㸧ᆅ⌫ࡣ 1 ࡘࡔࠋ⚾ࡢ࿘ࡾ ࡶᅜቃ࡞ࢇ࠸ࡽ࡞࠸ࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸࠸࠺ேࡀከ ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋㄡࡀࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡣ㐪࠺ࡼゝ ࢃ࡞࠸ࠊໃ࠸ࡣࡲࡿࡇࢁࢆ▱ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡕ ࡷ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࠋ ࠓᅾ≉ࡢཧຍࠔ ௨๓ࡣ⚾ࠊࡗࡕ࠸࠺ڹڹཧຍࡋ࡚ࡓࢇ ࡛ࡍࠋࡣ࠶࠶࠸࠺㢼࡞ࡗࡕࡷࡗࡓࡅࠊ᫇ࡣڹڹ ࡗ୍࡚␒࠾࡞ࡋ࠸ᅋయࡔࡗࡓࡽࠊཧຍࡋࡸࡍ ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ㸦ࢹࣔࡢᢠࡣ㸧࡞ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢇ ࡞ᛧ࠸┠࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡞࠸ࡋࠋᑠࡉ࠸㡭⚾ࠊ㸦 ᑐ㐠ືࡀ┒ࢇ࡞ᆅᇦ㸧࡛⏕ࡲࢀࡓࡽࠊேࡓࡕࡣ⤖ ᵓ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚ࡿ࡞࠶࠸࠺ࠋࡓࡔࡑࡢ㡭ᑠࡉࡗࡓࡋࠋ ࡓࡔࡕࡻࡗࡲ࡛㐪࠺࡞ᛮ࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ ᅜࢆቯࡍࠊࡦࡓࡍࡽ᪥ᮏேࡣᝏ࠸Ẹ᪘ࡔࡗ࡚࠸࠺ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉࡛ࠊ᪂ࡋࡃ࡛ࡁࡓࢹࣔ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ᪥ᮏ ேࡣ⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸࠸࠺㢼࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡕࡻࡗ㐪࠺ ࡞ࡗ࡚ᛮࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ᭱ึࡢ㡭ࠊᅾ≉ڹڹࡢ༊ูࡗ࡚࠶ࡲࡾࡘ ࠸࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍ2ࠋ࡛ࡡࠊࡲ࠶᭱ึࡢ㡭ࡣ 2 ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᴟྑࡢᅋయࠋ
ฟ࡚ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊࡓࡔ࡛⚾ࡕࡻࡗ࠸ࡸࡔ࡞ ࠶ᛮ࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࠶ࡑࡇ᪥ᮏࡣ᰾࣑ࢧࣝᣢࡕࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ᐉఏࡍࡿࡽࠊࡕࡻࡗࡑࢀࡣ㐪࠺ᛮࡗ࡚ࠋࡗ ࡕ࠸࠺ᅾ≉ࡣ⏕άᐦ╔ࡋࡓࡇࢆᙇࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡽࠊࡔࡽࡲ࠶ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣཱྀ̿̿ㄪ ࡣ㐣⃭࡞ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊ⤖ᵓ⪃࠼᪉ࡋ࡚ࡣ✜࡞ࡢ ࡞࠶ᛮࡗ࡚ࠋ࡛ࡲ࠶ࠊڧڧࡢᅾ≉ࡗ࡚࠾࡞ࡋ࠸ ࡋࠋ ࡳࢇ࡞ࡀᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿᅾ≉ࡢീ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࢳ࣮࣒ 㛵すྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚ᅾ≉ࡔᛮࡗ࡚ࡿࢇࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࡢ ࡞ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊᅾ≉ࡗ࡚┴ࡼࡗ࡚ศᛶ᱁ࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ ࡃࡿࡽࠋ⚾ࡢᨭ㒊ࡣពእ୍␒࠾࡞ࡋ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ ࡔࡽ⚾ࡣࡗࡕ࠸࠺ࠊᅾ≉㸦㸧࡛ࡶ࠾࡞ ࡋ࠸ᨭ㒊ࡔࡽཧຍࡋࡓ࡞ࡗ࡚ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ࠶ࡲࡾᭀ ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࢹࣔࡢࡁࡶࠊࡕࡷࢇ⌮ᒅࢆࡇ࠺⦎ࡗ࡚⌮ ㄽṊ࡛࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠸࠸࡞ࠋࠕᮾி‴྇ࡁ㎸ࡵࠖࡃࡽ ࠸࡞ࡽࡲࡔ࠸࠸ࡅࠊࢣࢣࢇࢇୖ➼ࡳࡓ࠸࡞ ேࡓࡕ࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊࡇࡢ㛫ࡢࣅࢹ࡛࢜ࢳ࣮ ࣒㛵すࡢ᪉ࡀࠊ㏻⾜୰ࡢ⪁፠ࡘࡲ࠼࡚ࠕᮅ㩭ࣂࣂࠖ ࡗ࡚ゝࡗࡓ࡛ࡋࡻࠋ࠶ࢀⰋࡃ࡞࠸࡞࠶ࠋࡶࡋ⮬ศࡢẕ ぶࡀࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡉࢀࡓࡽࠊ࠺ࡍࡿࢇࡔࢁ࠺ࡗ ࡚ᛮࡗ࡚ࠋ↓どࡍࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࡌࡷ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࠋ ࠓ࡞ࡐእᅜேࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡢࠔ ࡕࡻࡗᛮ࠸ฟࡋࡲࡍࡡ㺃㺃㺃ࠋ㟈⅏ࡢᚋ࡛࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ グ᠈ࡀᾘ࠼ࡕࡷࡗ࡚㺃㺃㺃ࠋ࠼࠼ࡡࠊእᅜேཧᨻᶒ࡛ ࡋࡻࠋேᶒ᧦ㆤἲࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡣᅾ≉ࡀྲྀࡾᢅࡗࡓࡢ ࡋࡽ㺃㺃㺃ࠋ࠶ࢀࡶ㐪࠺ࠊ࠶ࢀࡣࠋ࠶ࠊᑠἑ ᨵ㠉࡛ఱ࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞グ᠈ࡀ㺃㺃㺃ࠋఱࡕࡻࡗ ࡈࡗࡕࡷ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚㺃㺃㺃ࠋࣥࢳẸ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ ࡓࡕࡢ⏕άࢆ㏣࠸ࡸࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᨻ⟇ࡤࡾ㺃㺃㺃ࠋ ࠶ࠊᏊࡶᡭᙜࠋ୍␒ࡇࢀ㦁࠸ࡔࡢࡀᏊࡶᡭᙜࠋ ࡔࡗ࡚⤖ᒁࠊ࠶ࡢ᪥ᮏఫࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸Ꮚࡶ࠾㔠ࢆ ᡶ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡋࡻࠋࡔࡗࡓࡽᕝ⌔௦ࡉࢇࡳࡓ࠸ࠊ㓄 ࡿࢇࡔࡗࡓࡽ᪥ᮏఫࢇ࡛࡚᪥ᮏᅜ⡠ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿே㛫 ࠸࠺㢼ࡘࡅࢀࡤ࠸࠸ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠋ⤖ᒁࠊ࠶ ࢀࡶᐇࡋࡕࡷࡗࡓࡽࠊ1 ᖺ 5 ࡎࡘὶࢀࡕࡷ ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋࠊ᪥ᮏ࠸࠺ᅜࡣ㔠ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡍࡈࡃ㈈ᨻࡀኚ࡞ᮇ࡞ࢇࡔࡽࠊࡑࢀࡣ࠺ ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࡡࠋᐇ㝿እᅜேࡓࡕ⪺࠸ࡓࡽࠊ⤖፧ ࡋ࡚Ꮚࡶ࠸࡞࠸ࢇࡔࡅࠊᏊࡶ 5ࠊ6 ே࠸ࡿࡇ ࡋ࡚࠾㔠ࡶࡽࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᫇ࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡢ୍ษ▱ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋே ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡽࠊᅾ᪥ࡢ㐩࠸ࡲࡍࡅࡶࠊࡑࡇࡲ࡛ ᬑ㏻ࡑࢇ࡞࠶ࡢࠕ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ࠾ẕࡉࢇࡢࡃࡽ࠸✌࠸ ࡛ࡿࡢࠖࡗ࡚⪺ࡅ࡞࠸ࡋࠋࡲ࠶ࢫ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅ ࡶࠊࡓ࠼ࡤᅇࡢ㟈⅏ࡢ୍௳࡛̿̿㡑ᅜேࡌࡷ࡞ ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼ̿̿୰ᅜேࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕ᑐࡋ࡚ᅜࡀ 200 ࡛ࡋࡓࡗࡅࠊ୍ᨭᡶ㔠ฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࡼࡡࠋ࡛ࡶࡇࢀ ᪥ᮏேᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ☜࠾࠺ࡕὶࡉࢀࡓேࡶ 17 ࡋฟࡉ࡞࠸ࠊ㏫᪥ᮏேᕪูࡌࡷ࡞࠸ࡢ࡞ࡗ ࡚ᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡡࠋ ࠶ࡓࡋ▼ᕳ⾜ࡗ࡚▱ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊࡑࡇࡢ࠾࠺ ࡕࡢேࡓࡕ㒊ὶࡉࢀ࡚ࠊ✵ࡁᐙ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢁ୰ ᅜேࡀ⛣ࡾఫࢇ࡛ࠊࡇࡇ⚾ࡢᐙ࡛ࡍࡗ࡚ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃ ࡅ࡛ࡋࡻࠋ▼ᕳࡢேࡀࡇࢇ࡞Ⲩᆅᗑฟࡋ࡚ࡓࡃࡲࡋ ࠸࡞ᛮࡗ࡚ࠊ▼ᕳࡢேඵⓒᒇࡉࢇ㛤࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ ࡼ࠸ࡗࡓࡽࠊࠕ࠾ࡋ࠸ࠖࠋ࠶ࡑࡇࡣඵⓒᒇࡉࢇ ࡞࠸ࡋࠊࡑࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࡢࡈேࠊᐙ᪘ࡳࢇ࡞ὶࡉࢀࡕࡷ ࡗࡓࡣࡎࡔࡗ࡚ࠋ ⚾ࡀ༴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ୰ᅜே᪥ᮏேࡗ࡚≀ࡢ ุ᩿ࡀ↛㐪࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ᪥ᮏேࡣἲᚊࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ືࡇ ࠺ࡍࡿࡅࡶࠊྥࡇ࠺ࡣ൲ᩍࡢᅜࡔࡽࠋྥࡇ࠺ࡗ ࡚࠾∗ࡉࢇ࠾ẕࡉࢇࡀࡇࢀࢆ࠸࠸ࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡽࠊ⚾ࢆ ࡇࢀࢆࡸࡿࠋ࡞ࢇ୍⥴ᬽࡽࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠕࡑࢇ࡞ ࡇࡋࡕࡷ࠺ࡢࠖࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⤖ᵓ࠶ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࡼࠋ࡛ ࡶ୰ᅜேࡢᏊࡗ࡚ࠕ⚾ࡓࡕࡢᅜ࡛ࡣࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡀᙜ ࡓࡾ๓ࡔࡽࠖࡗ࡚ࠋ ࡓࡔ⚾ࠊࠕእᅜேࡢඹ⏕ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊඹ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏேྠࡌᶒࢆ࠼࡚ࠖᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡢἲᚊࡔእᅜேࡀఱࡸࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡸࡣࡾ᪥ᮏேࡀᝏ ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡕࡷ࠺ࡽࠋ 㸴㸬ᬑ㏻⏕ά࡛ࡁࡿ௦ᡠࡍࡇ ࡣࡗࡁࡾᅾ≉㸦ࡢࢹࣔฟࡓ㸧࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ2010 ᖺ࡛ࡍࠋࡓࡲࡓࡲࡢࢩࣇࢺࡀ✵࠸࡚࠸ࡿ᪥ࠋ ࡸࡗࡥࡾ᭶ࢳࡃࡽ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㸦ᡭఏࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࡣ㸧㛗ࡀࢹࣔฟࢀ࡞࠸ࢇࡔࡗࡓࡽࠊ࠾ᡭఏ࠸࠸ ࠺ࡢ࡛ࠋ࠾ᡭఏ࠸ࡗ࡚࠶ࢇࡲࡾࡨࢇ᮶࡞ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ ࡍࡅࡡࠊ⚾࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡔࡗࡓࡽ㸦ࡸࡾࡲࡍ㸧ࠋ ࡸࡾࡀ࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡣࠊࡲࡎ➨୍࡛ࡍࡅࡶࠋ☜ ཧ㝔㑅ࡔࡗࡓᛮ࠺ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࡶࠊᙜࡢ࡞࡛Ẹ ඪࡀ㝈ࡾ࡞ࡃඃໃࡔࡗࡓ௦ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ᅾ≉ ࡢᨭ㒊㛗࣏ࢫࢸࣥࢢࡋࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊ࠶ࢀࡀࡶ࠺ ⮬Ẹඪࡀࡂࡾࡂࡾ࡛Ẹᕪࢆࡘࡅ࡚࡚ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ ⚾ࡓࡕࡢࡼ࠺࡞ຊࡢ࡞࠸ே㛫ࡀᆅ㐨άືࡍࢀࡤࠊࡸ ࡗࡥࡾẸព࠸࠺ࡢࢆᨻᫎࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀᡭࡈ ࡓ࠼ࢆឤࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋⳢ㤳┦ࡶᅜ࡛࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚ࡲࡍ ࡼࡡࠋ⚾ࡢࡸࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ㄡࡶᑐពぢࢆ㏙࡚࡞࠸ ࡽࠊࡑࢀࡣᅜẸࡢⓙࡉࢇࡀ⚾ࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ ࡔ⚾ࡣࢹࣔฟࡿ௨እࡣࠊࡕࡲࡕࡲ࣏ࢫࢸࣥࢢࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࡲࡍࡼࠖ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ๓ࡽࡸ ࡗ࡚ࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࡡࠋ 㸦✲ᴟⓗࡣ㸧ࡇࡢᅜࢆඖࡢ 90 ᖺ௦ࡢ᪥ᮏᡠࡋ
ࡓ࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡌࡷ࡞࠸࡞ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ80 ᖺ௦ 90 ᖺ௦ࡢࠋ᫇ࡢ⮬Ẹඪࡀࡇ࠺ᨻᶒࢆࡵ࡚࠸ࡓ௦ࠊ ఱࡶ⪃࠼࡞࠸࡛ᬑ㏻⏕ά࡛ࡁࡿ௦ᡠࡍࡇ ࡞ࠋࡸࡗࡥࡾዪᛶࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡢ⏕άࢆᏲࡾࡓ࠸ ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࢇ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸵㸬⤖ㄒ௦࠼࡚ E Ặࡢሙྜࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ୍㈏ࡋࡓㄽ⌮ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃ ࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᅾ≉ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗࡓࡢࡣࣇࣜ ࣮ࢳ࣋ࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࢆእ⩏┤᥋⤖ࡧ ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡞ᅇ㊰ࡣ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡑࡢᚋ⏕ࡌ ࡓẸඪᨻᶒࡢឤࡀ‐↛୍య࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ ࡔࡋࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ᫂☜ࡉࢆḞࡃព㆑ࡀ⾜ືࡲ࡛⮳ࡿ⫼ ᬒࡋ࡚ࠊࠕዪᛶࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡢ⏕άࢆᏲࡾࡓ࠸ࠖ ࠸࠺⏕άಖᏲ⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ1980 ᖺ௦⮬Ẹඪࡀໃ ຊࢆ┒ࡾ㏉ࡋࡓ⫼ᬒࡋ࡚⏕άಖᏲ⩏ࡀᣦࡉࢀ ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊወࡋࡃࡶ E Ặࡣ 80㹼90 ᖺ௦ࡢࠕఱࡶ⪃࠼ ࡞࠸࡛ᬑ㏻⏕ά࡛ࡁࡿ௦ࠖࣀࢫࢱࣝࢪࢆឤࡌ ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᙼዪࡀ࠸࠺ 90 ᖺ௦ࡣࠊ55 ᖺయไࡀ ᔂቯࡍࡿ௨๓ࡢࠊ⏕άᐇឤࡋ࡚ࡣ㛗ᮇἣධࡿ௨ ๓ࡢ᪥ᮏࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ⌧ᐇၥ㢟ࡋ࡚ࠊ90 ᖺ௦༙ࡤ௨㝆ࡢ᪥ᮏࡣ⮳ ࡿࠕኻࢃࢀࡓ 20 ᖺࠖࢆ⤒῭ⓗ⤒㦂ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊࡑ ࡇ࡛ᄇฟࡋࡓࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ၥ㢟ࡢཎᅉࡣ୍ཱྀㄒࢀࡿ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࢽ࣮࣐࣮ࣗ࢝እᅜேࡢቑຍࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋ ࡓཎᅉࡢ୍➃ࡍࡽ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡋ࡚ࡸࠊᡓᚋ ࡎࡗᒃఫࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓᅾ᪥ࢥࣜࣥࡀࠊែࢆᝏ ࡉࡏࡓ࠸࠺ࡣ SF ୪ࡢ✵ຊࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ ࡛࠸࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊᮾࢪㅖᅜࡢⓎЍᅾ᪥እᅜே ࡢᩛど࠸࠺➹⪅ࡢ௬ㄝࡣ␗࡞ࡿᅇ㊰ࡀ E Ặࡣ ぢࡽࢀࡿࡇࡔࠋࠕఫࡳࡃࡃ࡞ࡿ᪥ᮏࠖ࠸࠺ⲉ₍ ࡋࡓឤぬࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ≢ேࢆ᥈ࡍ࡞࡛ࠊእ⩏ⓗ ࡞ᙇ⾜ࡁᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡑࢀ᫆ࠎ࿐ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚ࡋ ࡲ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊすḢࡢᴟྑ◊✲࡛ࡘᣦࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ ࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋE Ặࡢሙྜࠊእᅜேࡢᩛどࡣ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ Ỉ‽ࡣཬࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࡀᚋ࡞ ࡉࢀࡿࡍࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ⤒῭ⓗἐⴠእᅜேࢆ⤖ࡧࡘ ࡅࡓ㆟ㄽࡀཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡿ⣲ᆅࡣ࠶ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࡣࠊᆅᨻ Ꮫⓗせᅉᇶ࡙ࡃእ⩏ࡢᙇࡢ᪉ࡀࡶࡗࡶࡽ ࡋࡃ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࠊ≧ἣࡢኚᛂࡌ࡚እ⩏ࡢ ᰿ᣐࡶኚࡍࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࠊ‶ࢆ♫㐠ືࡢ※Ἠࡍࡿྂⓗ ♫㐠ືㄽࡣࠊእ⩏㐠ື㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣㄝ᫂ຊࡀ࠶ࡿ ࡼ࠺ࡳ࠼ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ㈨※ືဨㄽࢆ⤒࡚ᗘᥦ♧ࡉ ࢀࡓࠕ‶ࠖࢆࡵࡄࡿ㆟ㄽࡣࠊ‶ࡀ㐠ື⤌⧊₯ᅾ ⓗᵓᡂဨࡢ㛫࡛ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣆ࣭ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢෆ㒊࡛ᵓ ⠏ࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓⅬ࡛␗࡞ࡿ 㸦Noakes & Johnston 2005㸧ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕ‶ࠖࡀࣉࢵ ࢩࣗせᅉ࡞ࡗ࡚㐠ື㥑ࡾ❧࡚ࡿ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣࠊ ࠕ‶ࠖࢆసࡾฟࡍࣥࣇࣛ࠸࠺ࣉࣝせᅉ║ࢆྥ ࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢⅬ࡛࠸࠼ࡤࠊE Ặࡀఱ ࡢẼ࡞ࡋࡳࡓࢿࢵࢺୖࡢሗ࠸࠺ࣥࣇࣛࡀࣉ ࣝせᅉ࡞ࡗࡓ⤒㦂ࡣࠊࡢከࡃࡢᅾ≉ဨࡶඹ ᭷ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ✏ࢆᨵࡵ࡚ㄽࡌࡓ࠸ࠋ ᩥ⊩
Buechler, S. M., 2004, “The Strange Career of Strain and Breakdown Theories,” D. A. Snow, S. A. Sould and H. Kriesi eds., The Blackwell Companion to Social
Movements, Oxford: Blackwell.
McAdam, A., 1982, Political Process and the
Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970, Chicago:
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McCarthy, J. D. and M. N. Zald, 1987, Social Movements
in an Organizational Society, Piscataway: Transaction.
ᯇᮏᗣ㸪1985㸪ࠕ┦ᑐⓗዣ♫㐠ື̿̿┦ᑐⓗ ዣㄽࡢ⏕ࡣྍ⬟ࠖࠗᛮ࠘737: 102-123㸬 Noakes, J. A. and H. Johnston, 2005, “Frames of Protest:
A Road Map to a Perspective,” H. Johnston and J. A. Noakes eds., Frames of Protest: Social Movements and
the Framing Perspective, Lanham: Rowman &
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Oberschall, A., 1972, Social Conflict and Social
Movements, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
㸦グ㸧ᮏ✏ࡣ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠ࡼࡿ◊✲ᡂᯝ࡛࠶ ࡾࠊ✄ⴥዉࠎᏊࠊ⏦⌼ᴿࠊᡂඖဴࠊ㧗ᮌ❳㍜ࠊཎ⏣ᓧࠊ ᯇ㇂‶ࡢྛẶࡢඹྠ◊✲ࡼࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋグࡋ࡚ឤㅰ ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
