清末における「日曜日」の受容
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(2) ࡼ࠺࡞᭙ᬺࡣ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㐠⏝ࡉࢀࡿ⮳ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ ࠗᪧ⣙⪷᭩࠘ ࠕୡグࠖࡢᩍ࠼ࡶ࠶ ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ᪥┠ࡣఇᜥࡢ㛫ࡋ࡚すὒୡ⏺ᬑཬࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢ᪥ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ᪥᭙᪥ࡣ࢚ࢫࡢά ࡢ᪥࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊᩍ࡛♩ᣏࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ᭙ᬺࡣࠊ၈௦すࢪࡽࡍ࡛୰ᅜఏࢃࡗࡓ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡢࡕ᪥ᮏࡶୖ㝣ࡍࡿ⮳ࡗࡓ㸦Ⲯ⏦ 㸧 ࠋ ᩔ↥ࡢⳘ㧗❍࡛Ⓨぢࡉࢀࡓࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᩔ↥ᩥ᭩ࡢ࡞ࠊ ࠗ၈ྠගᅄᖺලᬺ࠘ 㸦3㸧࠸࠺ᬺ᭩ࡀ࠶ ࡿࠋࡑࡇࡣ᪥ࡈ㉥ᩥᏐ࡛ࠕᐦࠖ࠸࠺Ꮠࡀグࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⨶⋢ࠗᩔ↥▼ᐊ○㔠࠘ 㸦 㸧㘓 ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠗᚋ၈ኳᡂඖᖺṧᬺ࠘ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࠕᐦࠖࡣࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ᪥᭙᪥ࢆពࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⨶⋢ ⦅ ụ⏣ ⦅ 㸧㸧ࠋ᭙ᬺࡀ୰ᅜఏࢃࡗࡓ㝿ࠊྛ᭙᪥ࡣㄒ※ࡼࡗ࡚ከࡃࡢ␗࡞ࡿ㡢ヂࡀࡘ ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋⲮ⏦Ặࡣࠊࡇࢀ㛵ࡋ࡚ヲ⣽࡞⪃ᐹࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ ࠕ᭙ヂྡ㑏ཎ⾲ࠖࢆసࡗࡓ㸦Ⲯ⏦ 㸸㸧 ࠋ ⾲ࡣࠊ ࠗᐟ᭙⤒࠘࡞ࡢ₎ヂ࠾ࡅࡿࠊ ͆侱㫋ㄤ崭㸦ࢯࢢࢻㄒ㸧 ͇͆㽱㠾崭㸦࣌ࣝࢩㄒ㸧 ͇͆⮸ 䶉崭㸦Კㄒ㸧 ͇ࡢ᭙ࡢཎㄒ㡢ヂㄒࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ᪥᭙᪥ࡢヂㄒࡣࠊ࠾ࡶࢯࢢࢻㄒࡽࡢ ͆⹕͇ ࠊ࣌ࣝࢩㄒࡽࡢ͆㥫㭽▎͇ ࠊᲙㄒࡽࡢ͆棎⎭ㄤ勅͇࡞ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᗈࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ⛙ᬒᩍὶ⾜୰ᅜ☃ࠖࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࠊすᏳ☃ᯘ༤≀㤋ᡤⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ၈௦࠾࠸ ࡚ὶ⾜ࡋࡓᬒᩍࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࢿࢫࢺࣜ࢘ࢫὴ㛵ࡍࡿྂ☃࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ☃ࡣࠊ୰ኸࢪࡢ⋤⯋ ࢨࢻࣈࢪࢻ. ᇛࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࣂࣝࣇ㸦%DONK㸧ࡽ᮶࡚ࠊ၈Ⓩ⏝ࡉࢀࡓ ఀ᪁ ࠸࠺⪅ࡢฟ㈨ࡼࡗ࡚సࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡿ㸦3DXO3HOOLRW ᱓ཎ㞐ⶶ 㸧 ࠋ☃ᩥࡢᮎᑿࠊ ͆⮶➟ㆉ₼ℛ㸂⦷⇫⣸⮹垮㦗ₒ㡴⮶劏㭽㠖 㡴ㆉ䵚͇
(3) ☃ࡀᘓ❧ࡉࢀࡓ᪥ࡀ᭩ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ͆⮶劏㭽㠖㡴͇ࡣࠊ୰ᮇ࣌ࣝࢩㄒ࡛ࠕ᪥᭙ ᪥ࠖࢆពࡍࡿࠕHYVDPEDWࠖ 㸦㥁ᢎ㕙 㸧
(4) ࡢ㡢ヂ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᭙ᬺࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ၈ᚊࡢὀ㔘᭩ࠗ၈ᚊ㆟࠘ 㸦㸧ᕳࠕಶேࡀᡤ᭷ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠊ㐪⪅ࡣᚐฮ ᖺࠖ
(5) ࡢグ㏙ࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊ࠾ࡑࡃࡶ ୡ⣖࡞ࡤࡲ࡛ࡣࠊ᭙ᬺࡀ୰ᅜ฿᮶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸦⋤∞ᩄ 㸧 ࠋ ࣐ ࢽ. ࠋ୍ ࡔࡀࠊ᭙ᬺࡣࠊ၈௦௨㝆ࡣࠊ࠾ࡶᦶᑽᩍ࠾࠸࡚Ꮡ⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸦Ⲯ⏦ 㸧 㐌᪥ไࡀࠊ୍⯡ⓗ୰ᅜேὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊ୰ᅜேࡢ㛫ព㆑࡞ࡽࡧ⏕άࢫࢱࣝࢆኚࡉ ࡏࡓࡢࡣࠊࡌࡗࡉ࠸ࡣΎᮎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢᮇࠊ୍㐌᪥ไࡢྡ⛠ࡀࠊすὒேࡢ♩ᣏ⾜Ⅽ ࡽࡑࡢࡲࡲࠕ♩ᣏࠖྡࡅࡽࢀࡓࡇࡀࠊࡑࡢドᣐ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋΎᮎࡣ᪥᭙᪥ࡀࠕ♩ᣏࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ࠕ♩ᣏ᪥ࠖࡤࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡢ᭙᪥ࡣࠊ᭶᭙ࡽᅵ᭙ࡲ࡛㡰␒ࠕ♩ᣏ୍ࠖࠥࠕ♩ᣏභࠖࡢࡼ࠺ ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ᖺ௦ࠊୖᾏᆅᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ³ₘ䰽㕫⏼煭暧´࠸࠺ὶ⾜ㄒࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋᩥᏐ㏻ࡾࡢពࡣࠊ͆ₘ䰽㕫͇ ࡀࠕ୕㐌㛫ࠖ ࠊ ͆⏼煭暧͇ࡀࠕභࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕභ㛫࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡌࡗࡉ࠸ࡣࠕ↝ࡁࡶࡕࠖ࠸࠺ព ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ↝ࡁࡶࡕࢆጊࡃ࠸࠺⾜Ⅽࡣࠊ୰ᅜㄒ࡛ࡣ͆⚒搚㸦࠾㓑ࢆ㣧ࡴ㸧 ͇ࡶゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ³搚´Ꮠࢆศゎࡍࢀࡤ³揘´³㢣´ࡢᩥᏐ࡞ࡿࠋ³揘´ࡣ㓀ࡢ้࡛ࠊ༗ᚋࡢභ࠶ࡓࡾࠊࡺ࠼³⏼煭暧´࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡉࡽ³㢣´ࢆศゎࡍࢀࡤࠊ³ㆎ´ࠊ³´ࠊ³㡴´࡞ࡾࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ³ㆎ㡴´࡛࠶ࡿࠋᘘ୍᪥ࡣࠊ ࡲࡉ³ₘ䰽㕫㸦୕㐌㛫㸧´ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ
(6) ࠋ ³ₘ䰽㕫⏼煭暧´ࡣࠊୖᾏࡢ᪉ゝࡋ࡚ࠊᚎ⌃ࠗΎ⛳㢮㕒࠘ 㸦 㸧 ࠕ᪉ゝ㢮ࠖぢ࠼ࡿࠊ࿋ㄒ࡛᭩ࢀࡓΎᮎࡢ᭷ྡ࡞ᑠㄝࠊ㡑㑥ࡢࠗᾏୖⰼิఏ࠘ 㸦 㸧࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ. − 40 −.
(7) ዽዪࡢ᎖ጊࡍࡿẼᣢࡕࢆ⾲ࡍሙ㠃ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
(8) ࠋ ࡇࡢᩥᏐ㐟ᡙࡽࡶ❚࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ♩ᣏ࠸࠺ྡ⛠ࡣẸ㛫࠾࠸࡚ከࡃࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡌࡗࡉ࠸ὶ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࠊΎᮎ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ၈௦᪥ᮏఏࢃࡗࡓ᭙᪥ࡢྡ⛠ࢆ᪥ᮏࡽ㏫㍺ධࡋ࡚ࠊ᭙ࢆ⏝ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿேࡶ࡞ࡾ࠸ࡓࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ୍㐌᪥ไࢆ⋡ඛࡋ࡚ᑟධࡋࡓ᪂ᘧᏛᰯࡸᨻᗓ㒊㛛࡞ࡢබᩥ᭩࡛ࡣࠊࢇࠕᫍᮇࠖ ࠸ࡗࡓྡ⛠ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᫍᮇࡇࡑࡀࠊΎᮎ࠾ࡅࡿ୍㐌᪥ไࡢṇᘧ࡞ࡿྡ⛠ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔࡀࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲ࡣ࠾ࡶࠕ♩ᣏࠖὀ┠ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᫍᮇࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣࠊゎ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ࡇࡀࡲࡔከࡃṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ࠕᫍᮇࠖࡢ⌧ࢀ⏝ ᫍᮇ࠸࠺ㄒࡣࠊྂࡃࡽ∵㑻⧊ዪࡀ㐂࠺᪥ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊኤ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ፧ᮇ࠸࠺ព࡛ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁ ࡓࠋᫍᮇࡀ୍㐌᪥ไࡢྡ⛠⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ୰ᅜࡢ༑ඵࡢᫍᐟ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࢠࣜࢫேࡢ࣮ࢿࢫࢺ࣭࣓ࢪ࣮ࣕ㸦(UQHVW0DMRU㸧ࡼࡗ࡚ ᖺหࡉࢀࡓࠊ㏆௦୰ᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ ࡗࡶᙳ㡪ຊࡢ࠶ࡗࡓ᪂⪺ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ࡣࠊ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ࠊ㈗ᕞ┬ࡢ㛗ᐁࡼࡿග⥴ᖇࡢୖዌᩥࢆᥖ ㍕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖዌᩥࡢෆᐜࡣ᪂ࡓタ❧ࡋࡓ㈗ᕞᏛᇽࡢྛ❶⛬ࡸつ๎ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗ࿌࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰ ࠊ ࠕẖ᭶࠾࠸࡚ࠊᡣ࣭࣭࣭ᫍࠊ 㹙ࡇࡢ㹛ᅄࡘࡢࠑᫍᮇࠒࢆఇㅮࡍࡿࠖ
(9) ࠸ࡗࡓつ๎ࡀ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋᅜࡢᏛᇽࡀ᪥᭙ఇ᪥ไࢆᐇࡋጞࡵࡓࡢࡣࠊ ᖺ࡛࠶ࡾࠊΎᨻᗓࡀ㡺ᕸࡋࡓࠕḯᐃிᖌᏛᇽ❶ ⛬ࠖ 㸦 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㸧ࡣࠊ⚃᪥௨እࠊ ࠕᡣ࣭࣭࣭ᫍࡢ᪥࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ୍᪥ఇㅮࡍࡿࠖ 㸦⎏㛇ᆂࠊ၈Ⰻ⅖⦅ ᡤ㸧
(10) ᐃࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ༑ඵࡢᫍᐟࢆ᭙ࡼࡗ࡚ศࡅࡿࠊᡣ࣭࣭࣭ᫍ ࡀࡕࡻ࠺᪥᭙ᙜࡓࡿࡓࡵࠊᙜࡣ᪥᭙᪥ࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡶࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᫍᐟ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕᡣ࣭࣭࣭ᫍࡢ᪥ࠖࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡓᫍᮇࡀࠊ୍㐌᪥ไࡢྡ⛠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡘࡽ⏝ࡉࢀ ጞࡵࡓࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ‣ᬡⓑẶࡣࠕ ୡ⣖ࡢ᭱ᚋࡢ ᖺ㛫࡛⌧ࢀࡓࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ
(11) ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ ᖺ௦ࡢࠗ⏦ሗ࠘࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡍ࡛ከࡃࡢ⏝ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓࠕㄽすໟ᥈ゼᣡᢹᲈஅࠖ࠸࠺グࡣࠊすὒேࡢໟ᥈
(12) ࡀୖᾏ⛒⏺ࡢࢳ ࣥࣆࣛࡸブḭᖌ࡞ࡢ≢⨥⪅ࢆᤚᰝࡋ㐊ᤕࡋࡓࡇࢆグࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ᭩ࡁฟࡋࡶࠕᫍᮇࠖࡣぢࡽࢀ ࡿࠋ. ࠺ࡽࡽ࡛ࠊࡋࡶࠑᫍᮇࠒ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋே୍⥴㌴ࡗ࡚ࠊࢆᴦࡋࡴࢆ⾜࠸࡞ࡀ ࡽࠊ࠾ࡔࡸ࡞㢼ᬮ࠸᪥ࡊࡋࡢ୰ࢆ㥑ࡅᅇࡿࠋ
(13) . ࡇࡇࡢᫍᮇࡢពࡣࠊ᪥᭙᪥ࡋ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡶࠊࡑࢀࢆὀグࡏࡎ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ ࠺ࡇࡣࠊࡇࢀࡼࡾࡶ᪩࠸ᮇࠊᫍᮇࡀࡍ୍࡛㐌᪥ไࡢྡ⛠ࡋ࡚ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆ❚ࢃࡏࡿࠋ ⩣ ᖺ௨㝆ࠊ♩ᣏ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᫍᮇࡢࡣࠗ⏦ሗ࠘࠾࠸࡚ࡲࡍࡲࡍከࡃぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ ᖺࠊΎᨻᗓࡣ⛉ᣲไᗘࢆᗫṆࡋࠊ᪂ࡓࠕᏛ㒊ࠖ࠸࠺ᩍ⫱㛵ಀࢆྖࡿ㒊㛛ࢆタ❧ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢእᒁ. − 41 −.
(14) ࡢࡦࡘࡋ࡚ࠊᅜ࠾ࡅࡿᏛᰯࡢ⤫୍ᩍ⛉᭩࡞ࡢไసࢆ௵ົࡍࡿࠕ⦅ヂᅗ᭩ᒁࠖࢆ⨨ࡁࠊึ௦ᒁ 㛗ࡣࠊ⛉ᣲヨ㦂ࡢ≧ඖࡔࡗࡓ⿁✐ࡀ௵ࡉࢀࠊඛゝཬࡋࡓ⨶⋢ࡸࠊࡉࡽࡣ⋤ᅜ⥔ࠊཝ࡞ ࡢᩥே࣭ྡὶࡶໃᣍ⪸ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᙇ⥔ 㸧 ࠋすὒࡢᩥࡸ⛉Ꮫ▱㆑࡞ࢆྵࡵࠊከ᪉㠃࠾ࡅࡿ᪂ ࡓ࡞≀ࡀࠊ୍Ẽ୰ᅜᢲࡋࡼࡏࡓ௦࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊእᅜࡽὶධࡋࡓ⭾࡞ㄒᙡࢆዴఱ⩻ヂࡍࡿ ࡣࠊᩍ⛉᭩ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ♫యࡢၥ㢟ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦ఱᛮ※ 㸧 ࠋ ᖺࠊ⦅ヂᅗ᭩ᒁࡀ ᪂ࡓࠕ⦅ゞྡモ㤋ࠖ࠸࠺㒊⨫ࢆ❧ࡕୖࡆࡿࠊཝࡀࠕ⥲⧩ࠖ ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㤋㛗௵ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⦅ゞྡモ 㤋ࡢ࠾ࡶ࡞ࡣࠊࡑࡢ㒊⨫ྡࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊᩍ⛉᭩㍕ࡏࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞≀ࡢྡ⛠ࡸ⾡ㄒ࡞ࢆᐃࡵࡿࡇ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᙇ⥔ࠗ⿁✐ఏ࠘ࡼࢀࡤࠊ୍㐌᪥ไࡢྡ⛠ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⿁✐ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢ᭙ࢆ࠺ࠕ࡞ࡾ౽࡛ ࠶ࡾࠊ୍⯡ࡢேࠎࡗ࡚ࡣㄒ࿅ࡀࡼࡃ࡞࠸ࠖ
(15) ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊྠ┦ㄯࡋࠊ᪥᭙᪥ࢆࠕᫍᮇ᪥ࠖ ࠊࡢ᭙᪥ࢆ㡰␒ࠕᫍᮇ୍ࠖࠥࠕᫍᮇභࠖࡋࠊࡑࢀ௨㝆ࠊᫍᮇࡀᅜ࠾࠸࡚⏝ࡉࢀጞࡵࠊᗈ ࡃఏࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࠸࠺㸦ᙇ⥔ 㸧 ࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࡢヰࡢฟฎࡘ࠸࡚ࡃ♧ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ඛ㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᫍᮇ࠸࠺ࡇࡤࡀࠊ ᖺ௦ࡢࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ࡍ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ⿁✐⏤᮶ ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡲࡎ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕᫍᮇ୍ࠖࡸࠕᫍᮇࠖ࡞ࡢࡧ᪉ࡶࠊࡗࡃ࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊඛゝཬࡋࡓ㈗ᕞᏛᇽ㛵ࡍࡿୖዌᩥࡣࠊ ࠕࡍ࡚ࡢࠑᫍᮇ୕ࠒ࠾ࡼࡧࠑᫍᮇ භࠒࡢ༗ᚋࡶఇㅮࡍࡿࠖ
(16) ࠸ࡗࡓつ๎ࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⿁✐࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⦅ヂᅗ᭩ᒁࡀࠊᫍᮇ ᪥࡞ࡢྡ⛠ࢆ᪂ࡓసࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࡍ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿࡑࢀࡽࢆṇᘧᩍ⛉᭩᥇⏝ࡋࡓ࠸࠺ὶࢀࡀࠊ ጇᙜ࡞ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᙜࠊ♩ᣏࡸ᭙࡞ࡢྡ⛠ࡀࡍ࡛Ꮡᅾࡋࠊࡃ♩ᣏࡀࡶࡗࡶ୰ᅜே㥆ᰁࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡶࢃ ࡽࡎࠊ࡞ࡐᫍᮇࡀ᭱⤊ⓗṇᘧ࡞ྡ⛠࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㛬ഔẶࡀḟࡢࡼ࠺ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲ ࡾࠊ♩ᣏ࠸࠺ㄒᙡࡣ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢⰍᙬࡀ⃰ཌ࡛ࠊすὒᩥ᫂ྠࡉࢀࡿᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊᫍᮇࡢ࠺ࡀ ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡔ㸦㛬ഔ 㸧 ࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶ⦅ヂᅗ᭩ᒁࡣࠊΎࡢᨻᗓ㒊㛛ࡋ࡚ࠊᙜึࡽࠕᛅྩࠖࡸࠕᑛᏍ 㸦ᏍᏊࢆᑛࡪ㸧 ࠖ࡞
(17) ࡢ᪨ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊᩍ⛉᭩ࢆసࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊすὒᩥ᫂ࡢࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿ♩ᣏࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡔࡀࠊ ࠕㄒ࿅ࡀࡼࡃ࡞࠸ࠖࡣ࠸࠼ࠊ᭙ࢆ᭙᪥ࡢྡ ⛠ࡋ࡚࠺ேࡶΎᮎࡣ࡞ࡾ࠸ࡓࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ➹⪅ࡀ⪃࠼ࡿࠊ᭙ࡀᙜࡢ᪥ᮏ࡛⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡓࡇࡇࡑࡀࠊࡑࡢṇᘧ࡞ྡ⛠ࡽእࡉࢀࡓཎᅉ࡞ࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ Ύᮎ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୰ᅜ⌧ࢀࡓ㔞ࡢ᪂ㄒᙡࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࠊ⋤ᅜ⥔ࡣࡘ࡚ࠕㄽ᪂Ꮫㄒஅ㍺ධࠖ 㸦 㸧࠸ ࠺୍ᩥ࡛ࠊᙜࡢ≧ἣࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ༑ᖺ๓ࡲ࡛ࡣࠊすὒᏛ⾡ࡢ㍺ධࡣࠊᙧ⪋ୗᏛࡢ㠃㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡺ࠼ࠊ᪂Ꮠࡸ᪂ㄒࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢ ࡢࠊࡲࡔᩥᏛⴭࡋ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡇᩘᖺࠊᙧ⪋ୖᏛࡣᚎࠎ୰ᅜఏࢃࡾࠊࡲ ࡓ᪥ᮏ㹙࠸࠺ᅜ㹛ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㛫ࡢ୰⥅ࡂ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࡼࡗ࡚సࡽࢀࡓὒㄒࡢ ヂㄒ࡛࠶ࡿ₎ᩥࡣࠊṆࡲࡽ࡞࠸ໃ࠸࡛୰ᅜࡢᩥᏛ⏺ධࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦⋤ᅜ⥔ 㸧
(18) . − 42 −.
(19) ⦅ゞྡモ㤋ࡢ⥲⧩ࡔࡗࡓཝࡣࠊࡃ〇₎ㄒࡀẼ㣗ࢃ࡞ࡗࡓࡦࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㯤ඞṊࠕ᪂ྡモ அᡓ㸸Ύᮎཝヂㄒ〇₎ㄒⓗ➇㉏ࠖ 㸦㯤ඞṊ 㸧࠾࠸࡚ࠊཝ〇₎ㄒࢆࡵࡄࡿヲࡋ࠸⪃ᐹࡀ ぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ⡆༢ゝ࠺ࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛┤᥋ὒ᭩ࢆ⩻ヂࡋ࡚ࡁࡓཝࡣࠊὒ᭩ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ᪥ᮏࡢ᭩≀ࡽ ᪂Ꮫࢆồࡵࡿ࠸ࡗࡓࡸࡾ᪉ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊⓗࡘᢈุⓗ࡞ែᗘࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡇࡣ⦅ゞྡモ㤋ࡢ ࡢᡂᯝࠊࡓ࠼ࡤࠗ㎪Ꮫྡモᑐ↷⾲࠘ࡸࠗእᅜᆅྡᑐ↷⾲࠘࡞ࡶࡼࡃ⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋཝࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ ⏤᮶ࡢ〇₎ㄒࢆ࠶࠼࡚᥇⏝ࡏࡎࠊ୰ᅜࡢྂࡽࡿ࠸࠺ࡸࡾࡓࢆࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ఱᛮ※ 㸧 ࠋ ཝ࡞ࡢᩥேࡣฟⓎⅬࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡀࠊΎᮎࡢ㔜⮧࡛࠶ࡾࠊᏛ㒊࠾࠸࡚ࡶවᐁࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᙇஅὝ ࡶࠊ〇₎ㄒࡀ࡞ࡾ┠㞀ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔࡗࡓࠋᫍᮇ࠸࠺ࡇࡤࡢ᥇⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊཝࡸ⿁✐࡞ࡢỴ ᐃࡣᩍ⛉᭩ࡲࡿࡀࠊᙇࡢỴᐃࡣᅜࡢไᗘࢃࡿゝࡗ࡚ࡶ㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ Ụᗤࠗ㊅ᗞ㝶➹࠘࠾࠸࡚ࠊᙇஅὝࡢḟࡢヰࡀグࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ග⥴ᖺ㛫ࡢᬌᮇࠊ᪥ᮏࡢྡモࡀୡ┒⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᙇᏕ㐩ࡣ†ࡽᮅᘐධࡾࡋࠊᏛ㒊ࡶවᐁࡋࡓࠋ ࠾ࡼࡑዌ᭩ࡸᩥ᭩᪂ྡモࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ࠸ࡘࡶ➹࡛ࡑࢀࢆሬࡾࡘࡪࡋࠊࡋࡶࡑ ࡢୖࠕ᪥ᮏྡモࠖ᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡓࠋᚋࠊྡモ࠸࠺ᩥᏐࡀࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ᪂ྡモ࡛࠶ࡿࡇẼ࡙ࡁࠊ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠕ᪥ᮏᅵヰࠖᨵ⛠ࡋࡓࠋᙜࠊᏛ㒊ࡣࠕᑠᏛᩍဨ᳨ᐃ❶⛬ࠖࢆⓎᕸࡍࡿணᐃࡔࡗࡓࡀࠊᙇࡣ ᳨ᐃ࠸࠺ᩥᏐࡀ᎘ࡔࡗࡓࠋ 㹙ࡑࡢᩥᏐࢆ㹛ኚ࠼ࡼ࠺⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࡀࠊ⤖ᒁ㹙௦ࡀ㹛ᛮ࠸ࡘ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ 㹙ࡑࡢ❶⛬ࢆ㹛⨨࠸࡚࠾ࡁࠊⓎᕸࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦Ụᗤ 㸧
(20) . ᙇஅὝࡀ ᖺ㸦ග⥴୕༑୕ᖺ㸧⥛ࡗࡓⓚᖇࡢୖዌᩥࡶぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ. ᭱㏆ࠊᏛᇽ᪂ࡋࡃධࡗࡓ⪅ࡣࠊඛ㈼ࢆ㍍ࡋࠊ᪂ወࢆዲࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍ㸦୰␎㸧ㄽㄝࡸᩥ❶ࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ ᩥ᭩࡞࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠊࡍ࡚⣧ṇ࡞ࡿྂㄒࢆᨺᲠࡋ࡚ࠊࡶࡗࡥࡽ᪂ㄒᙡࢆ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᏵ ᫂௨㝆ࡢఏグࡸモ❶ࢆࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊࡲࡋ࡚୕௦ࡢࡇ࡞ゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶࡈࡊ࠸ࡲ ࡏࢇ㸦୰␎㸧ṇᏛࡀ⾶࠼ࡲࡋࡓࡽࠊேࡶࡲࡓᗫࢀࡲࡍࠋᅜᐙࡢ㠃ࡽ⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠊᚲࡎ⮧㈫Ꮚࡢ ⅏࠸ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࡲࡍࠋୡ㐨ࡢ㠃ࡽ⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠊὥỈࡸ⊛⋇ຎࡽ࡞࠸៧࠸ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡢ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
(21). ࡘ࡚᪥ΎᡓதཧຍࡋࡓᙇஅὝ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡼࡧ〇₎ㄒࡀẼධࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣᙜ↛⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ ࡔࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᙼࡀᐇࡢࡇࢁࠊᮏᙜၥ㢟どࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ〇₎ㄒࢆྵࡴ᪂ㄒᙡࡢ⫼ᚋ࠶ࡿ᪂ᛮ ࡀΎ⋤ᮅࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓ⾪ᧁࡢ࠺ࡔࡗࡓࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ⤖ᯝⓗከࡃࡢ〇₎ㄒࡀΎᮎ௨㝆ࡢ୰ᅜேࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊྠ୰ᅜ⏤᮶ࡶࡋࡃࡣཝࡼ ࡿヂㄒࡣẁࠎᾘ࠼࡚࠸ࡗࡓ㸦㯤ඞṊ 㸧 ࠋࡓࡔࠊᫍᮇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊΎᮎ࠾࠸࡚᪂ᘧᏛᰯࡸᨻᗓ㒊㛛 ࡢබᩥ᭩࡞ᗈࡃࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡼࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠊࡢࡕΎᖇᅜࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶᫍᮇࡣࢃࢀࡘ࡙. − 43 −.
(22) ࡅࠊ⌧ᅾ⮳ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. ఇᜥఏ⤫ⓗ㐨ᚨ Ύᮎ࠾࠸࡚ࠊྛᅜࡢ⛒⏺ࡀḟࠎタࡅࡽࢀࡓࡇࡼࡾࠊከࡃࡢ୰ᅜேࡀࠊእᅜேࡢ⏕άࡪࡾࢆ┠ࡢ ࠶ࡓࡾࡋࠊすὒேࡢ⏕άࢫࢱࣝࡶࡲࡓࠊୖᾏ࡞ࡢ㒔ᕷࢆࡣࡌࡵࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜ♫ᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ ඛゝཬࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊすὒேࡀ᪥᭙᪥♩ᣏᇽ⾜ࡗ࡚♩ᣏࡍࡿ⩦័ࡀ୰ᅜே⯆ࢆᢪࡏࡓࡇࡣ ゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶࠊすὒேࡢᗑ⯒ࠊᏛᰯࠊ㖟⾜࡞࠸ࡋබⓗᶵ㛵ࡀࡍ࡚᪥᭙᪥ఇࡴ࠸࠺ ࡇࡣࠊᙜࡢேࡢᙉ࠸㛵ᚰࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊᙜࡢ୰ᅜேࡣࠊఇ᪥࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡍࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Ύᮎ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᐉᩍᖌ࡛࠶ࡾ⡿ᅜࡢእᐁ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ &KHVWHU+ROFRPEH㸦₎ྡ࣭ఱኳ∖㸧ࡣࠊ ᖺ ࡽ ᖺࡢ㛫ிᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊᖐᅜᚋࡢ ᖺ The Real Chinaman㸦⳹㐟ᚿ␎㸧ࢆୖᱻࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ͆&+,1(6(62&,$//,)(㸦୰ᅜேࡢ♫⏕ά㸧 ͇㢟ࡍࡿ୍⠇ࡢෑ㢌࠾࠸࡚ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ. ୰ᅜேࡀፗᴦࡸఇ㣴㛫ࢆࡅࡿࡇࡣࢇ࡞࠸ࠋ㈋ஈேࡗ࡚̿̿ேཱྀࡢ༙ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ ࡿࡢࡣᙼࡽࡔࡀ̿̿⏕άࡣࠊ㣚㣹ࡢ⤊ࢃࡾࡢ࡞࠸ⱞ㜚࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡽࡣኪ᫂ࡅࡶ㉳ࡁࠊᬯࡃ࡞ ࡿࡲ࡛ാࡁࠊ᪥᭙᪥ࡸࡢఇ᪥ࡣ୍ษ࡞࠸ࠋᙼࡽࡣᖺ୕ࡘࡢᐃ╔ࡋࡓఇ᪥ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋᙼࡽࡀἛ ࡁ❧ࡘࡢࡣ⤖፧ᘧⴿᘧࡃࡽ࠸࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊᙼࡽࡀῬᮃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ၏୍ࡢ㉕ἑࡣࠊ⡿ࡢ㣤ࡸ࢟ࣕ࣋ࢶࠊ ࠶ࡣྍḞ࡞࠾Ⲕࢱࣂࢥ࠸ࡗࡓ༓⠍୍ᚊࡢ㣗ࡲࢀࡘࡃ ࠊ ࣥࢫࡢ⫗࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡽ ࡗ࡚༙᪥㛫ࡢᛰࡣ༙᪥㛫ࡢ㣚㣹ࢆពࡍࡿࡀࠊྠᙼࡽࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿፗᴦάື࠸࠺ࡶࡢཧຍ ࡍࡿᶵࡸవຊࡀ࠸ࡎࢀࡶḞࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
(23) . ⫃㝑㸦/LHQVKHQJ<DQJ㸧ࡣࠊ³6FKHGXOHVRI:RUNDQG5HVWLQ,PSHULDO&KLQD´㸦Studies in Chinese Institutional History㸧࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୰ᅜṔ௦ࡢྛ㝵ᒙࡢࠕ⏕άࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࠖࢆヲ⣽ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➃ⓗゝ࠼ࡤࠊᐁ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㎰Ẹ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠊൔࠊၟே࡞࠸ࡋⓚᖇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠊ ࠕࠖࢆᑛࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ㎰⪔♫ࡢ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣࠊ ࡞ఏ⤫ⓗ⚃᪥௨እࠊࡲࡶ࡞ఇࡳࡢ᪥ࡣࠊ࡞࡞࡞ࡗࡓ㸦/LHQVKHQJ<DQJ 㸧
(24) ࠋࡋ ࡋࠊすὒேࡢ᪥᭙ఇ᪥ไࢆ┠ࡋࡓᚋࠊࡑࢀࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡼ࠺࠸࠺ኌࡣࠊࡘ࠸୰ᅜேࡢ࡞ࡶ࠶ࡀࡗ ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ࡣࠊ ࠕㄽすᅜ᪥ྛேఇᜥࠖ࠸࠺グࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢグࡣࠊ ᪩࠸ẁ㝵࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡶࡗࡥࡽすὒࡢఇᜥࢆㄽࡎࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩥ❶ࡣࠊすὒேࡢ᪥᭙᪥ࡢ㐣ࡈࡋ᪉ ࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃ⤂ࡋࡓᚋࠊ᭱ᚋḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄽ㏙ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ. ࠑ♩ᣏࠒࡢఇ᪥ࡣࠊẖ᪥ࡢ⩦ࢃࡋ࡛࠶ࡿࢆࡸࡽ࡞࠸ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊᚿ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣࠊㅖ᭩ࢆ༤ぴࡋ࡚㊊ ࡾ࡞࠸▱㆑ࢆಟࡵࡓࡾࠊ࠶ࡕࡇࡕពぢࢆồࡵࠊ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢆ⿵ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋ᭶᪥ࢆ↓㥏㐣. − 44 −.
(25) ࡈࡍ⪅ࡣࡸࡣࡾࢇ࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊすὒேࡣ᪥ࡈ୍᪥ࢆఇࡴゝࡗ࡚ࡶࠊఇࡳ ࢆࡿேࡣ᭷⏝࡞㛫ࢆ↓㥏ࡍࡈࡉ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜே୍࡛᪥ࡶఇࡲ࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡓࡔ↓ 㥏࡞⾜ືࢆྲྀࡾࠊ᪥ࠎࢆ㏦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࠋᚰࡀ⑂ࢀࡿ᪥᪥ᛮ៖ࡀ㊊ࡾ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊయࡀ⑂ ࢀࡿ᪥᪥Ẽຊࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡀୖᡭࡃ⾜ࡎࠊ୍⏕ࢆᲬࡿࡢࡣࠊ࡞ࢇࡶࡗࡓ࠸ ࡞࠸ࡇࡼࠋ⢭⚄ࢆዧ࠸㉳ࡇࡋࠊ᪥᪥㐍Ṍࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࠊすὒேࡢ᪥ไࢆ┿ఝࡋ࡚ᑡࡋఇࢇࡔ࠺ ࡀࡼ࠸ࠋ㢪ࢃࡃࡣࠊ௨እࡢ᭶᪥࠾࠸࡚ࠊຮᏛບࡳࠊ೧ᴗࢆ㐩ᡂࡏࢇࡇࢆࠋࠑ♩ᣏࠒࡢఇᜥ ࢆࡽࡎ᪥ࠎࢆ㏦ࡿࡢࡣࠊ࠼ࡗ࡚ẖ᪥ࢆࠑ♩ᣏࠒࡢఇᜥࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢྠࡌ࡛ࠊ࠺࠺ࡋ࡚ ఱࡶᡂࡉ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ୍⏕ࢆ⤊࠼࡚ࡶ࠸࠸࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣࠊࡼࢁࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࠋ
(26) . ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊఇࡴࡇࡀ࡛ࠊすὒேࡢ᪥᭙ఇ᪥ไࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡼ࠺࠸࠺ពぢࡣࠊ ᖺ௦࠾࠸࡚ࠊ ࡍ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࠊࡇࡢグࡀࠊ᰿ᮏⓗࡣ㛫ࢆ↓㥏ࡏࡎࡶࡗຮࡓࢀ࠸ࡗࡓ ࠾ࡁࡲࡾࡢࠕṇㄽ࡛ࠖࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿ
(27) ࠋ ࠸ࡗࡱ࠺ࠊ⛒⏺࠾ࡅࡿ⳹ὒ㞧ᒃࡢ≧ἣ࠾࠸࡚ࠊఇᜥࡢ࡞ࡗࡓ୰ᅜேࡀࠊすὒேࡢ⏕ά⮬㌟ࡢ⏕ άࢆࡢࡼ࠺ࡍࡾྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࢆࠊูࡢࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ࡢグࠊ ࠕᝏ⪺⫆ࠖ 㸦 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㸧ࡽ❚ ࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ࠾࠾ࡼࡑࡢෆᐜࡣࠊᱱ᭶⏕࠸࠺ேࡀࠊୖᾏࡢⱥ⛒⏺ᗑࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊすὒࡢྛჾල ࢆ〇㐀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡔࡀࠊᙼࡣ⤊᪥సᴗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢ㦁㡢ࢆ㞄ࡢ୰ὒ⾜ࡽッ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ ⱥᅜࡢุᐁࡀㄪᰝࢆࡋࠊ᭱ᚋᱱ᪥᭙᪥ࡣసᴗࢆ⚗Ṇࡍࡿࡇࢆࡌࡓࠊ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢุᑐࡍࡿࠗ⏦ሗ࠘⦅㞟⪅ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺὀ┠ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ. ᣨࡎࡿࠊࡇࡢ୰ࡢὒேࡣ㐨⌮ྜࢃ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⫋ேసᴗࡉࡏ࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢ⏕ィࡢ㐨ࢆ ࡩࡉࡄࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(28) . ࡇࢀࡣࠊ⛒⏺࡛㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡇ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ୍᪥ఇࢇ࡛ᗑࢆ㛢ࡵࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀᦆ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺୰ᅜேࡢ ౯್ほࡣࠊᙜ࡛ࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ࡣࠊ ࠕ່⬟⋓ࠖ࠸ ࠺グࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠾࠾ࡼࡑࡢෆᐜࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾࠋୖᾏ࣭ᾆᮾ࠶ࡿ㎰㞠ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㔝⳯ࢆ᱂ᇵ ࡍࡿ㎰ᐙࡓࡕࡣࠊࡍ࡚࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᚐ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪥᭙᪥࡞ࡗࡓࡽᩍ⾜ࡃࠋࡓࡔࠊࡑࡢ࡞ࡣࠊᮭ ࠸࠺ጣࡢ⪅ࡀ࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ∗ぶࡀ⏣⯋࡛Ꮚ౪ࢆᩍ࠼ࡿඛ⏕ࡔࡗࡓࠋࡺ࠼ࠊᮭࡣᑡࡋࡔࡅຮᙉࡋࡓࡇࡀ࠶ ࡾࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍᚐ࡞ࡿࡇࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ๓ࡢ᪥᭙᪥ࠊࡳࢇ࡞ࡀᩍ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㛫ࠊᮭࡣࡦࡾ ᕝ㎶Ὼࢆ᥀ࡾࠊ⏿ࢆ℺₅ࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢁࠊ㔠ࡢᣦ㍯ࡸ㖟ࡢ⭎㍯ࢆ༑ᩘಶ᥀ࡾฟࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢグࡢࢱࢺࣝࠕ່⬟⋓ࠖࡣࠊ ࠕຮࡣ┈ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࠖ࠸࠺ពࡔࡀࠊ ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ࡢ⦅㞟⪅ࡣࠊ グࡢ᭱ᚋ࡛ࠊࡉࡽḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ከࡃࡢேࡀᡭධࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡞ࡃࠊᮭࡦࡾࡢࡳࡀࡑࢀࢆᡭධࢀࡓࡇࡽࠊṇ㐨ࢆᏲࡾࠊ㎰ࡋ ࡴࡇࡀ᭷┈࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣࠊ࡞࠾ࡉࡽ࠾ศࡾࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
(29) . − 45 −.
(30) ㎰ࡋࡴ࠸ࡗࡓࠕṇ㐨ࠖࢆᏲࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡲࡉୡ㛫୍⯡ⓗ࡞ែᗘࡔࡗࡓࡢࡔ ࢁ࠺ࠋཝࡋ࠸⏕άࡣࡶࡃࠊఏ⤫ⓗ㐨ᚨࡽࡢᅽຊࡼࡗ࡚ࠊすὒேࢆ┿ఝࡋ࡚᪥᭙᪥ࢆఇࡴ࠸࠺ࡢ ࡣࠊ ᖺ௦௨๓ࡢ୰ᅜேࡗ࡚ࡣࠊỴࡋ࡚ᐜ᫆࡞ࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ. ᪥᭙ఇ᪥ไ㛵ࡍࡿ㛫ព㆑ࡢኚ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲ࡼࢀࡤࠊ ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊୖᾏࡸኳὠ࡞ࡢከࡃࡢすὒேࡀ㞟ࡲࡿ⛒⏺࡛ࡣࠊ᪥᭙ఇ᪥ ไࡣࠊ᪥ᖖࡢၟࡸ⏕άࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞⩦័࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࡀ㸦ᮤ㛗Ⳁ 㸧 ࠊపᒙࡢẸ⾗ࡣࠊ 㒔ᕷ࡛⏕άࢆ㏦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊࡸࡣࡾ᪥᭙᪥ఇࡴࡇࡣ࡞࡞࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ࡣࠊ ࠕே㤿அ⏝␗⪋ྠㄝࠖ࠸࠺♫ㄝࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ୰ᅜᾏ ㌷ࡢᘓタே㑅ࢆㄽࡎࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊேࢆ㑅ࡪࡇࡀ㤿ࢆ㑅ࡪࡇྠࡌࡔ࠸࠺ㄽⅬࡔࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ ୖᾏࡢ㤿㌴ࡢ⏝ࡀᩥ❶ࡢษࡾཱྀ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ᭱㏆࡛ࡣࠊ㤿㌴ࡢၟࡀࡓ࠸ࢇ┒ࢇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࠑ♩ᣏ᪥ࠒ࡞ࡿ࡞࠾ࡉࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࠸࡚࠸ࡢሙྜࠊ ✵࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㤿㌴ࡀࡇࡶ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࠋᅄࠊ⮳ࡿࠊ㤿㌴ࢆ㞠࠾࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ㞠࠼࡞࠸ேࡀ࠸ࡿࠋ ె⠇ࡸ➇㤿࡞ࡢ⾜ࡪࡘࡿࠊ㤿㌴ࡢᩱ㔠ࡀᛴ⃭ୖࡀࡾࠊ࡞ࢇᖹ᪥ࡃࡽ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡁ࡞ࡾ ᩘಸࡲ࡛ୖࡀࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
(31) . ྠࡌࡃ㌴ኵࡢࢆᣲࡆࡿࠊΎᮎᑠㄝࡢഔసࠗᐁሙ⌧ᙧグ࠘ 㸦 㸧࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿࠕ⸬ྎࠖ
(32) ࡀ௳ㄪ ᰝࡢࡓࡵୖᾏࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠺࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⸬ྎࡀࠊㄪᰝᑐ㇟ࡢᖒ⡙ࢆㄪࡿࡓࡵࠊ㤿㌴ ࡗ࡚㖟⾜ྥ࠾࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙ㠃ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ࢃ࠸࠺. ͐͐ࡲࡔ㌴ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡁࠊ㌴ኵࡀࠕࡕࡽࡲ࡛࡛ࡍࠖ⪺࠸ࡓࠋ⸬ྎࡀࠊ ࠕ༂ ㇏㖟⾜ࡔࠖ ゝ࠺ࠊ㌴ኵࡣࠊ ࠕ᪥ࡣࠑ♩ᣏ᪥ࠒ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ㖟⾜ࡣ㛤࠸࡚ࡲࡏࢇࡼࠖ⟅࠼ࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ㏻ヂࡣ┬ࡽ㐃ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊෆ㝣㛗ࡃᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊ ࠑ♩ᣏࠒࡢࡇࢆᛀࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ㌴ኵࡢࡑࡢ୍ゝࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᙼࡣࣁࢵᛮ࠸ฟࡋࠊ ࠕ☜ࠑ♩ᣏ᪥ࠒࡣእᅜேࡀබົࢆࡋࡲࡏࢇࡢ࡛ࠊ ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶ↓㥏㊊࡛ࡍࠋࡢࡇࢁࢆゼࡡࡓࡽ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡍࠊ᫂ᮅ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶ㐜ࡃࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡽࠖ ゝࡗࡓࠋ ⪺࠸࡚⸬ྎࠊ ࠕ ࠑ♩ᣏࠒ࠺࡞ࢇ࡚ࠊ▱ࡗࡓࡇ㸟ࠖ
(33) . ᪥᭙ఇ᪥ไࡣࠊෆ㝣ࡢ㧗ᐁࡗ࡚ࡣ័ࢀ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊୖᾏࡢ㌴ኵࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡶࡣࡸ▱ࡽ࡞ ࡅࢀࡤࡍࡽ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᖖ㆑࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㌴ኵఇࡳࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ ࠕఇ᪥ࠖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕ ࡣࠊࡇࡢ㌴ኵࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊከࡃࡢ୰ᅜேࡢ⬻↝ࡁ࠸࡚࠸ࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡇࡀ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ㗦࠸ほᐹຊࢆ ᣢࡘࠗᐁሙ⌧ᙧグ࠘ࡢస⪅ᮤඖ㸦Ѹ 㸧ࡣࠊ ᖺหࡉࢀࡓᑠㄝㄅࠗ⧆ീᑠㄝ࠘ࡢ⦅㞟㛗࡛ࡶ. − 46 −.
(34) ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ㞧ㄅࡣࠊ ࠕ┈ᬛၥ⟅ࠖ࠸࠺ࠊㄞ⪅ࡢ㉁ၥࢆ㠃ⓑࡃᕦጁᅇ⟅ࡍࡿࢥ࣮ࢼ࣮ࡀタࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡑࡢ➨ ྕ㸦 ᖺ ᭶㸧࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿㄞ⪅ࡣࡘࡂࡢࡼ࠺࡞㉁ၥࢆᢞ✏ࡋࡓࠋ. እᅜேࡀఇࡴ᪥ࡣࠊ ࠑ♩ᣏ᪥ࠒࡔࡅ࡛ࡍ㸽ࡑࢀࡶูࡢ᪥ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸽
(35) . ࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚⦅㞟㒊ࡣࠊ ୡ⏺ྛẸ᪘ᅜࡢఇࡳࡢ᪥ࢆ⤂ࡋࠊ ᭱ᚋ⓶⫗ࡗࡱ࠸ཱྀㄪ࡛ࠊ ࠕ୰ᅜேࡔࡅࡀࠊ ୍ᖺࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ఇࡳࡢ᪥ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠖ 㸧⟅࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ㛫ࡢ⤒㐣ࡶࠊࡶࡶࠕఇ ᪥ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓᴫᛕࡍࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ୰ᅜேࡣࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍࡑࢀ⯆ࢆᢪࡃࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ ఇ᪥ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࡇࡑᑜᖖ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡞ࡢࡔࠊ୰ᅜேࡢࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⏕άࢫࢱࣝࢆᢈุࡘ┬ࡍࡿ▱ ㆑ேࡶ⌧ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᖺ࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆゼၥࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᱱၨ㉸ࡣࠊ⳹ே♫࣓ࣜ࢝♫ࢆぢẚࡓᚋ࡛ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺᭩࠸ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. すὒேࡣẖ᪥ാࡃࡢࡀඵ㛫ࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪥᭙᪥࡞ࡗࡓࡽఇࡴࠋ୰ᅜࡢၟᗑࡣẖᮅࡢ㛤ᗑࡋ ࡚ࠊ 㹙ኪࡢ㹛༑୍༑㡭ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ㛢ᗑࡍࡿࠋ 㹙ᗑဨࡣ㹛୍᪥ࡌࡹ࠺ᗑᗙࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊࡉࡽ ᪥᭙᪥ࡶఇࡳࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸦୰␎㸧࠾ࡼࡑேࡀࢆࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊࡶࡗࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣᛰ ឤࡔࠋ୍᪥ࡌࡹ࠺ࠊ୍ᖺࡌࡹ࠺ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡽࠊᚲࡎམࡁࡀ᮶ࡿࠋམࡁࡀ᮶ࡿࠊᚲࡎࡴࠋࡴ ࠊ࡞ࡈࡶࡔࡵ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋఇᜥࡣࠊࡌࡘே⏕࠾ࡅࡿ㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢࡢࡦࡘࡔࠋ୰ᅜே ࡀ㧗ᑦ࡞┠ⓗࢆᣢࡕ࠼࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊఇᜥࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࡀࠊࡑࡢࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
(36) . ࡇࡢグ㏙ࡣࠊᱱၨ㉸ࡢᾏእぢ⪺㘓࡛࠶ࡿࠗ᪂㝣㐟グ࠘ 㸦 㸧ࡢ➨ᅄ༑⠇ぢࡽࢀࠊ ࠕ୰ᅜேࡢḞⅬ㸦୰ ᅜேஅ⨃㯶㸧 ࠖ
(37) ࡋ࡚ㄽࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊఇࡲ࡞࠸ࡇࡣࠊ༢ไᗘࡸ⏕άࢫࢱࣝࡢ ヰࡲࡽࡎࠊ୰ᅜேࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢḞⅬࡲ࡛ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕఇࢇ࡛࠸࠸ࠖࡽࠕఇࡴࡁࡔࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓኌࡣࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ୰ᅜ ேࡢ㛫ほᛕࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⏕άࢫࢱࣝࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆኚ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿẸ᪘ࡢ⮬┬ぢ࡞ࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࡶࡋࢀ ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࢆ⫼ᬒࡋ࡚ࠊປാఇᜥࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀྲྀࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡣࠊ ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊᨻᗓࡀఇ᪥ࢆ Ỵࡵࡿ㔜せ࡞ᇶ‽ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ
(38) ࠋ. ፗᴦࡢ㛫 ࡉࡁ⤂ࡋࡓ &KHVWHU+ROFRPEH ࡀ᭩୰グࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶΎᮎ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㈋ஈ࡞Ẹ⾗ࡣࠊ ፗᴦࢆᴦࡋࡴᶵࡸవຊḞࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ㎰ᮧ࡛ᬽࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேࠎࡢᴦࡋࡳゝ ࡗࡓࡽࠊࡓ࠸࡚࠸ほ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡔࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶᴦࡋࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㞄ᮧ࡛Ⱚᒃࡀࡸࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿ⪺࠸ࡓࡽࠊᮧேࡀࡑࢀࢆぢࡿࡓࡵࠊ୍᪥ࡢാࡁࢆ⤊࠼࡚ࠊఱ࣐ࣝࡶṌ࠸࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ┠ࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ
(39) ࠋ࠸ࡗࡱ࠺ࠊ㏆௦ࡀ୰ᅜࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛⋡ඛࡋ࡚㐍ࡴࡘࢀ࡚ࠊፗᴦࡣᕷẸࡢ⏕άࡢ. − 47 −.
(40) ୍㒊ศࡶ࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢୖᾏ⛒⏺࠾ࡅࡿፗᴦࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᮤ㛗ⳀẶࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺ࡲ ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ࠑ♩ᣏ᪥ࠒ࡞ࡿࡓࡧࠊᩘ᪥㛫ࡢᛁࡋ࠸⏕άࢆ㏦ࡗࡓேࡓࡕࡣࡳ࡞ࠊၟᴗᆅࡢ⦾⳹⾤࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㐨 ➃ࡢ࠶ࡕࡇࡕぢ࠼ࡿࠊᑠࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞Ⲕ㤋ࠊ㣗ᇽࠊ₇ⱁሙࠊⰪᒃᑠᒇࠊ࣊ࣥ㤋ࠊዽᴥ࡞ࡢᬤࢆ ࡘࡪࡍፗᴦタ࠾ࡶࡴࡁࠊࡑࡇ࡛ዲࡁ࡞ࡼ࠺ᴦࡋࡳࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢፗᴦタࢆ㠀ᖖ㈰ࡸ࡞ሙᡤ ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ 㸦ᮤ㛗Ⳁ 㸧㸧. ୖグ௨እ࡛ࡣࠊࡌࡗࡉ࠸ᗁ⇠ࡸ࣐ࢪࢵࢡࢩ࣮ࣙ࡞ࡢすὒᘧࡢፗᴦࡶࠊᕷẸࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ᴦࡋࡳ࡞ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦ᚿ⍆⦅㸪㛬ഔ⦅ 㸧 ࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊすὒᘧፗᴦࡣࠊࡑࡢከࡃࡀ᪥᭙᪥ఇᴗࡍࡿ ࡓࡵࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀࡶࡗࡶᴦࡋࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㛫ᖏࡣࠊࡌࡗࡉ࠸ࡣᅵ᭙᪥ࡢኪ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋゝ࠸ ࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊፗᴦࡢ㛫ࡋ࡚ࡢ᪥᭙᪥ࡣࠊࡌࡘࡣࡑࡢ๓ኪࡽࡍ࡛ጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲ࡣࡇࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➼㛩どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ᪥᭙᪥ࡢ㛫ࡢᣑᙇࡋ࡚ࠊᅵ᭙᪥ࡢኪࢆᕷẸ ࡓࡕࡀዴఱ㐣ࡈࡋࡓࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊὀ┠ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ⴱඖ↶ࡀ᭩࠸ࡓୖᾏࡢ࢞ࢻࣈࢵࢡࠗ㐟㞧グ࠘ 㸦㸧グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ♩ᣏ᪥ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂ࡣࠊΎᮎ ୰ᅜேࡢ᪩࠸ẁ㝵࡛ࡢグ㘓ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ከࡃࡢඛ⾜◊✲ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ᪥ࡈࡦࡘࡢࠑ♩ᣏ᪥ࠒࡀ࠶ࡾࠊすὒேࡀఇᜥࡍࡿ᪥࡛࠶ࡿࠝࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᪧᬺࡢࠊᡣࠊᫍࠊ ࡇࡢᅄࡘࡢᐟ࠶ࡓࡿ᪥ࠞ ࠋࡇࡢ᪥ࡣࠊᕤࡣᡭࢆఇࡵࠊၟேࡣၟࢆṆࡵࡿࠋすὒேࡣ㍍㌴ࢆ㥑ࡽ ࡢ. ࡏࡓࡾࠊ㥴㤿㥽ࡗࡓࡾࠊ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣᐙ᪘࡙ࢀ࡛እฟࡋࠊ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣᩍ㉱࠸࡚♩ᣏࡍࡿࠋすὒࡢၟே ࡢࡶᐤᐯࡍࡿ୰ᅜேࡣࠊࡑࡢ๓᪥ࡢࠑ♩ᣏභࠒࡢኪࠊḷዽࢆࢇ࡛࠾㓇ࢆ㣧ࢇࡔࡾࠊⰼ⾤࡛㐟 ࢇࡔࡾࡍࡿࠋᡙᅬࡸዽᴥࡣ࠸ࡘࡶࡼࡾேࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚ᗙࡣ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(41) . ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊすὒேࡢ᪥᭙᪥ࡢ㐣ࡈࡋ᪉ࡀ⤂ࡉࢀࡓୖ࡛ࠊࡉࡽすὒேᐦ᥋࡞㛵ಀ࠶ࡿ୰ᅜேࡀ ᅵ᭙᪥ࡢኪፗᴦࢆᴦࡋࡴሙ㠃ࡶᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠗ㐟㞧グ࠘ࡣࠊୖᾏࡢྡᪧ㊧ࡸྡᗑࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ୰ᅜࡢ⚍ࡾࡽすὒࡢࢧ࣮࢝ࢫࡲ࡛ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ ≀ࡀ⤂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⴱඖ↶ࡢே⿁⩧⏠ࡀࠊ ᮏ᭩ࡢᗎᩥࢆ⥛ࡾࠊ ࠕୖᾏࢆ㐟Ṕࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ⨶㔪┙ࡔゝ࠼ࡿࠖ
(42). ホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ⿁⩧⏠ࡣࠊΎ௦ࡢリே⿁ᯛࡢᏞ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᙼࡶࡲࡓୖᾏࡢ⦾ᰤࢆャ࠺ࠕ⥆ୖ. ➉ᯞモࠖࢆṧࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢモࡢࡦࡘࠊḟࡢ୍ྃࡀぢ࠼ࡿࠋ. ↓➃ᛁ↱㛩㌟₎㸪⚰ᣎ๛㐂➨භᐘࠋ 㸦⿁⩧⏠ 㸧 㸦ࡣࡋ࡞ࡃࡶᬤேࡣࡓ࠸ࢇᛁࡋࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ ࠑ♩ᣏභࠒࡢኪࡀ᮶ࡓࡤࡾ࡞ࡢࡔࠋ 㸧. ࡇࡇ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⿁⩧⏠ࡣࡲࡓʰ ʬ♩ᣏ᪥ࠒࡣࠊேࡀዲࡁ࡞ࡔࡅ㐟ࡪࠋࡑࡢ๓᪥ࡣࠑ♩ᣏභࠒゝ࠸ࠊࡑ. − 48 −.
(43) ࡢኪࡣࡶࡗࡶ㈰ࡸ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ 㸦⿁⩧⏠ 㸧
(44) ࠸ࡗࡓὀࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⴱඖ↶⿁⩧⏠ࡀグࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊΎᮎ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪥᭙ఇ᪥ไࡢᗈࡀࡾࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥᭙᪥ࡣఇᜥ ፗᴦ୧᪉ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆවࡡ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࡢፗᴦࡢ㛫ࡣࠊࡌࡗࡉ࠸ࡣᅵ᭙᪥ࡢኪࡽࡍ࡛ጞࡲࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊఏ⤫ⓗፗᴦ௨እࠊすὒᘧࡢፗᴦࡶࡲࡓேẼ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡃࢧ࣮࢝ࢫ㚷㈹ࡣࡶࡗࡶὶ⾜ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡓࠋୖᾏࡸ㤶 ࠾࠸࡚ࠊすὒࡢࢧ࣮࢝ࢫᅋࡣࠊ฿᮶ࡍࡿࡓࡧ࠸ࡘࡶୡ㛫ࡢὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡶࡗ ࢳࣕࣜࢿ. ࡶ᭷ྡࡔࡗࡓࢱࣜࡢࠕ㌴ᑽࠖࢧ࣮࢝ࢫᅋࡣࠊ ᖺࡢึୖ㝣ࡁ࡞㡪ࢆࢇࡔࡓࡵࠊ ᖺ㤶 ࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚ࠊࡩࡓࡓࡧୖᾏ฿᮶ࡋࡓ㝿ࠊ ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ࡣ ᭶ ᪥ࡽ ᭶ ᪥ࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫ࠊ ࠕ㤿ᡙᑗ᮶ 㸦ࢧ࣮࢝ࢫᅋࡌࡁ฿᮶㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ㤿ᡙᐃᮇ㸦ࢧ࣮࢝ࢫᅋ฿╔ᮇ᪥Ỵᐃ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ㤿ᡙ฿⏦㸦ࢧ࣮࢝ࢫᅋୖᾏ฿╔㸧 ࠖ ࡞ࠊ ⠍ࡢグࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࢆ㏣㊧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢳࣕࣜࢿࢧ࣮࢝ࢫᅋࡢ᮶ゼࢆᚅࡕවࡡ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࡀࡑ ࡢ⣬㠃ࡣ⁄ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊࡉࡽࢧ࣮࢝ࢫ㚷㈹グࢆ ⠍ࢃࡓࡾࠊ㐃᪥ᥖ㍕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ➨⠍ ࡢࠕほ㤿ᡙグࠖࡣࠊ᭩ࡁฟࡋ࡛ḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ࢳࣕࣜࢿࢧ࣮࢝ࢫᅋࡣࠊ ࠑ♩ᣏ᪥ࠒఇ₇ࡍࡿࡣࠊẖ᪥ࠊኪ㛫࠾┠ぢ࠼ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࠑ♩ᣏභࠒ ࡔࡅࡣࠊኪࡶࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆࡋࡲࡍࠋ
(45) . ࡇࢀ⥆ࡁࠊ᭩ࡁᡭࡣࡑࡢ๓ࡢᅵ᭙᪥ࠊ࡞ࢇᅇࡶ㚷㈹ࡋࡓࡇࢆ㏙ࠊ᭱ᚋࠕࡴࢁࢇ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣ ࡵࡗࡓぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡔࡀࠊすὒࡢࢩ࣮ࣙࡶࡇࢀ༉ᩛࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ⚾ࡣ୍᪥ᅇࡶࡇࢀࢆほ ㈹ࡋࡓࡀࠊ㚷㈹࠸࠺ᴦࡋࡳࢆᴟࡵࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ
(46) ࠊឤ៓῝ࡃㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢳࣕࣜࢿࢧ࣮࢝ࢫᅋࡣࠊྠ௦ࡢே࣭⋤㡗ࡢ➹グᑠㄝࠗ῍㞃ₔ㘓࠘ 㸦㸧ࡸ᭯ᶝࡢ᭷ྡ࡞ᑠㄝࠗᏨᾏⰼ࠘ 㸦 㸧࡞ࡶⓏሙࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢேẼࡢࡣ᥎ࡋ࡚▱ࡿࡋ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡃ㏙ࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊ ࢳࣕࣜࢿࢧ࣮࢝ࢫᅋࡀࠊ᪥᭙᪥௨እࡣẖᬌࢩ࣮ࣙࢆ㛤ദࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࡀࠊᅵ᭙᪥ࡢࡳ༗ᚋࡢᅄኪࡢ ࡢᅇ㛤ദࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ
(47) ࠋࡌࡘࡣࠊࡇࢀ௨๓ࡢ ᖺ ᭶ࠊ࠶ࡿእᅜࡢࢧ࣮࢝ࢫ ᅋࡀୖᾏ฿᮶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙜࡢࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓᗈ࿌ࢆぢࡿࠊࡑࡢึୖ₇ࡣࠊࡲࡉᅵ᭙᪥ࡢኪ タᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
(48) ࠋࡸࡣࡾᅵ᭙᪥ࡢ༗ᚋ௨㝆࠸࠺ேࡀࡶࡗࡶ㞟ࡲࡾࡸࡍ࠸㛫ᖏࢆ≺ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡕ࡞ࡳࠊẸᅜᮇධࡗࡓࡤࡾࡢ ᖺ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ ࠗ♩ᣏභ࠘࠸࠺ᑠㄝࡢ㐌หㄅࡀหࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑ ࢀࡣ㬗㬝⼕⼖ὴࡤࢀࡿᩥᏛὶὴࡢ㔜せ࡞άືᣐⅬ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㞧ㄅࡢห᪥ࡣࠊ ᭶ ᪥࡛ࠊࡇࡢ᪥ ࡣࡕࡻ࠺ࠕ♩ᣏභࠖࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋหྕࡢᕳ㢌ࡣࠊหࡢ㎡࠶ࡓࡿࠕ㉕ゝࠖࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࡞ࡐ㞧ㄅࢆࡢ᭙᪥࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠕ♩ᣏභࠖྡࡋࡓࡢࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋ࠸ㄝ᫂ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋせ⣙ࡍࡿ ࠊ᭶᭙᪥ࡽ㔠᭙᪥ࡲ࡛ࡣࠊࡳ࡞ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᅵ᭙᪥᪥᭙᪥ࡢࡳࡣఇࡳࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᑠㄝࢆㄞࡵࡿࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚᪥᭙᪥ࡣࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸ၟࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ㞧ㄅࢆᅵ᭙᪥ࡢ༗ᚋⓎ⾜ࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓࠊ࠸࠺ࠋࡉࡽ ࠊᅵ᭙᪥ࡢ༗ᚋࡣᵝࠎ࡞ᴦࡋࡳࡶ࠶ࡿࡢࠊ࡞ࡐᑠㄝࢆㄞࡴࡢ㸽⮬㌟࡛ၥ㢟ࢆᥦ㉳ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ≳ ዽࡸ㣧㓇࡞ࡣࡴࢁࢇᴦࡋ࠸ࡇࡔࡀࠊࡑࡢᛌᴦࡣࡍࡄᾘ࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡋࡶ㔠ࡀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ. − 49 −.
(49) ⾨⏕ࡸᗣ㠃ࡶⰋࡃ࡞࠸࡞ㄝ᫂ࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ୍␒㔠ࡢࡽ࡞࠸ࠊࡋࡶᏳࡽ࡞ፗᴦࡣᑠㄝࢆㄞࡴࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ⤖ㄽࡅࠊ᭱ᚋࠕࡑࡶ ࡑࡶᑠㄝࡢ㍍౽ࡘ㠃ⓑ࠸ࡇࢁࡣࠊ♩ᣏභࡑࡢࡶࡢࡔࠖ
(50) ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㞧ㄅࡀᚋࡁ࡞㡪ࢆ ࡧࠊ㬗㬝⼕⼖ὴࡶࡲࡓࠕ♩ᣏභὴࠖ⛠ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋᑠㄝࡢፗᴦᶵ⬟╔║ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㬗㬝⼕⼖ὴ ࡗ࡚ࠊፗᴦࡢ㛫࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠕ♩ᣏභࠖࡣࠊࡲࡉㄅྡࡋ࡚࠺ࡗ࡚ࡘࡅࡢࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ. ௳ࡣࠊ᪥᭙᪥ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ㄽࡌ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺ࠊすὒேࡼࡗ࡚ᣢࡕ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ᪥᭙ఇ᪥ไࡣࠊΎᮎࡢ୰ᅜேఇᜥፗᴦࢆ ࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࠋࡔࡀྠࠊࢺࣛࣈࣝࡸ௳ࡶ᪥᭙ఇ᪥ไࡢཷᐜࡶᩘከࡃ⏕ࡌ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀ࡞ࡾ୰ ᅜேࡢ㏆௦⏕άࡢኚࡢ୍ഃ㠃ࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋΎᮎࡢ୰ᅜே࠾ࡅࡿ⏕άࢫࢱࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ㛫 ព㆑ࡢኚࢆࠊ᪥᭙᪥㉳ࡇࡗࡓᵝࠎ࡞௳ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚❚ࡗ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ Ύᮎ࠾࠸࡚ࠊྛᅜࡢỈරࡸỈኵࡀୖ㝣ࢆチࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ᪥᭙᪥ࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ
(51) ࠋᙼࡽࡶ⾤࡛㓇ࢆ㣧ࢇ ࡔࡾ➇㤿ࢆぢࡓࡾࡋ୍࡚᪥ࢆ㐣ࡈࡍࡢࡔࡀࠊ⣲⾜ࡢᝏ࠸⪅ࡓࡕࡣࠊ㢖⦾ࢺࣛࣈࣝࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ࡢࠕ㓇㎶᪂ㄒࠖ㢟ࡍࡿグࡣࠊእᅜࡢỈරࡢ⣲⾜ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺ㄒࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ͐͐㓉ࡗᡶࡗࡓ࠶ࡆࡃࠊ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡶᛣ⨬ࡋ⥆ࡅࠊ႖ვࡍࡿṆࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡣẖ᪥࠶ࡿ ࡢࡔࡀࠊእᅜࡢ㌷ⰄࡢỈරࡣࠊࡾࢃࡅࡦ࠸ࠋእᅜࡢ㌷ⰄࡢỈරࡣࠊ㓇ࢆ㣧ࡲ࡞࠸⪅ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡋࠊ ࠑ♩ᣏ᪥ࠒ࡞ࡗ࡚ୖ㝣ࡍࡿࠊ㓉ࡗᡶࢃ࡞࠸⪅ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋ㓉ࡗࡓ࠶ࡆࡃࠊேຊ㌴ࡗ࡚ࡄࡗࡍࡾ ╀ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺⪅ࡶ࠸ࢀࡤࠊኌ࡛ḷࢆ࠺ࡓ࠺⪅ࡶ࠸ࡿࠋ㌴ኵࢆࡘࡲ࠼࡚⃭ࡋࡃẀᡴࡋࠊ㏻⾜ேฟ ࡃࢃࡋ࡚ࡣㄡᙼࡲࢃࡎẀࡾࡿ⪅ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡗࡶࡦ࠸ࡢࡣࠊล≀ࢆᡭࡋ࡚௰㛫ྠኈ࡛႖ვ ࢆࡋࠊࢆ࠶ࡸࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(52) . ࡌࡗࡉ࠸ࠊഐⱝ↓ே࡞Ỉරࡀ᪥᭙᪥ᭀࢀࡿ࠸࠺௳ࡣࠊ ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ᩘከࡃሗ㐨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௰㛫ྠ ኈࡢẅࡋྜ࠸ࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊẅᐖࡀ୰ᅜࡢ୍⯡Ẹ⾗ཬࡪࡇࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ
(53) ࠋ≢ࡢỈරࡣࠊ⡿ᅜேࡔࡗࡓࡾ
(54) ࠊ ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥேࡔࡗࡓࡾ
(55) ࠊࡲࡓ᪥ᮏ
(56) ࢆྵࡵ࡚ᅜ⡠ࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪩࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣࠊ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ࠊ ࠕ₎ཱྀすேᧁᩢ⳹ேࠖ࠸࠺グࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇࡣࠊ†ࡢ₎ཱྀ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿእᅜ ࡢỈරࡀ᪥᭙᪥ࢺࣛࣈࣝࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࠊࡦࡾࡢ୰ᅜேࢆẅᐖࡋࡓ௳ࡀሗࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢグࡢᮎᑿ ࡉࢀࡓࢥ࣓ࣥࢺὀ┠ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ. すὒྛ⯪ࡢ㛗ᐁᮃࡴࡇࡣࠊ⮬ⓗཝࡋࡃ⟶⌮ࡋࠊᑗ᮶ࡲࡓ⅏⚝ࢆᣍࡠࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡉ࠸ ࡞ࡇ࡛୧ᅜேẸࡢዲ㛵ಀࢆᦆ࡞࠺ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡽࠊࡑࡢᦆኻࡣࡼࡾࡁ࠸ࠋ
(57) . ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄽㄪࡣࠊูࡢグࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓࠕỈᡭ㛯ࠖ. − 50 −.
(58) ࠸࠺グ࡛ࡣࠊ ᪥᭙᪥㓉ࡗᡶࡗࡓࣟࢩࡢỈරࡀࠊ ࡦࡾࡢ୰ᅜேዪᛶࢆẀࡗࡓࡇࡀሗࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ グࡢ᭱ᚋ࡛ࡣࠊグ⪅ࡀḟࡢࡼ࠺ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ࣟࢩࡢỈරࡀࡶࡗࡶつ๎ࢆᏲࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ⛒⏺࡛௳ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ୍ᗘࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠋරኈࢆ ⋡࠸ࡿኈᐁࡣཝࡋࡃ⟶⌮ࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(59) . እᅜேරኈࡢ≢⾜ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ⮬⢔ࢆᮃࡴ࠸ࡗࡓࡇࡋゝ࠼࡞ࡗࡓΎᮎ୰ᅜࡢ↓ຊࡉࡀࠊ⛬ᗘ ࡢᕪࡇࡑ࠶ࢀᙼࡽࡢ≢⾜ࢆຓ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᮤඖࡢᑠㄝࠗᩥ᫂ᑠྐ࠘ 㸦 㸧ࡣࠊ⥔᪂㐠ື ᮇ࠾ࡅࡿ୰ᅜྛᆅࡢ♫ᐇែࢆᥥࡋࠊΎᮎࡢᐁࡸ⥔᪂ὴ࡞ࢆ⓶⫗ࡗࡓഔస࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㜿ⱥࡣࠊ ࠕΎ ᮎ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡗࡶฟⰍࡢᑠㄝࡢ୍ࡔࠖ 㸦㜿ⱥ 㸧
(60) ホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢసရࡣࠊ୰ᅜෆ㝣ࡢ Ẹ⾗ࡀࠊ᪥᭙᪥࡞ࡿእᅜேࡢරኈⱞࡋࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᒣᮾṔᇛ┴㥔ᒡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿእᅜேࡢරኈࡀ᪥᭙᪥࡞ࡿ㓉ࡗᡶࡗ࡚ᭀࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ᪥ᖖⲔ㣤࡞ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇⱞࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡓᙜᆅࡢẸ⾗ࡣࠊ࠺࠺ሓᚸ⿄ࡢ⥴ࡀษࢀࠊᡓ࠺ࡇࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡁࠊ Ẹ⾗እᅜேරኈࡢ⾪✺ࢆᜍࢀࡓ┴ᐁࡣࠊᙜᆅࡢྡኈࡸᐩၟࡽ㔠ࢆ㞟ࡵࠊරኈࡀẸ⾗ࢆⱞࡋࡵ࡞࠸ࡼ ࠺ࠊࡑࡢ㌷Ⴀࡢኈᐁ㈥㈣ࢆ㏦ࢁ࠺⪃࠼ࡓࠋࡑࡢኈᐁࡣࠊරኈࢆ⟶⌮ࡍࡿࡇࡣ⣙᮰ࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ ࠾ࡾࠊ᪥᭙᪥࡞ࡗࡓࡽරኈࡓࡕ㓇ࢆ㣧ࡲࡏ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ᪥᭙᪥ࡢ⚗㓇ࡣ͆嚻嚻ₜ厌㸦⤯ᑐ࡛ ࡁ࡞࠸㸧´
(61) ࠊ┴ᐁఏ࠼ࡓ㸦➨୕༑ᅇ㸧 ࠋ ࠸ࡗࡱ࠺ࠊ᪥᭙᪥ࢺࣛࣈࣝࢆ㉳ࡇࡍරኈࡓࡕࡣࠊ࠸ࡘࡶຍᐖ⪅࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ᪥᭙᪥㝣 ࠶ࡀࡗ୍࡚᪥ࢆᴦࡋࡴỈරࡸỈኵࡣࠊỴࡲࡗ࡚㔠ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊࢫࣜࡓࡕࡢ⤯ዲࡢᶆⓗࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡓࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ
(62) ࠋ ࡑࡢࡢ≢⨥ࡢࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ࡣࠕᚑᐜ⫔✼ࠖ࠸࠺グࡀᥖ㍕ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࠕὈ⯆ࠖ࠸࠺ᗑ㉳ࡁࡓ┐㞴௳ࢆグࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢグࡢ୍㒊ࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ. ヰࡼࡿࠊࡑࡢᗑࡣࠑ♩ᣏභࠒࡣ᪩ࡵ㛢ᗑࡍࡿࠋ㈫ࡣᗑ₯ࡾ㎸ࡴࠊࡑࡢᬌࡣ┐ࡳࢆ⾜ࢃࡎࠊ ࢝࢘ࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᶓẟᕸࢆᩜࡁࠊ㠐ୗࢆ⤖ࢇ࡛ᯖࡋࠊࡉࡽ⤧Ẩࢆࡅᕸᅋࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢኪࡣࡄࡗࡍ ࣆࣀ. ࡾᐷࡓࠋ⩣᪥࡞ࡿࠊ ⍆ ࢆసࡿࡇࢁ⾜ࡗ࡚ྛ✀ࡢᕤලࢆྲྀࡾࠊົᮘࡢᘬࡁฟࡋࢆࡇࡌ㛤ࡅ ࡚ࠊ㖟ඖ࠾ࡼࡑⓒᩘ༑ඖࢆࡍ࡚ዣࡗࡓࠋኪ࡞ࡿࠊࡩࡓࡓࡧᐷࡓࠋ㣗≀ࡣ࠶ࡽࡌࡵ୍⥴ᣢ ࡕ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺ᝆࠎࡋ࡚࠸ࡽࢀࡓࢃࡅࡔࠋ ࠑ♩ᣏ୍ࠒࡢᮅ࡞ࡿࠊ୍ᮏࡢ⦖ࢆࡘ ࡓࡗ࡚❆ࡽ㝆ࡾ࡚ጼࢆᾘࡋࡓ㸦୰␎㸧ኪᅇࡾࡀ㈫㏻ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠸ࡿࡀࠊᮏᙜࡢ ࡇࢁࡣࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
(63) . ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ᪥᭙᪥ࢆ≺ࡗ࡚≢⨥ࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡶࠊΎᮎ࠾࠸࡚⌧ࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢព࠾࠸࡚ ࡣࠊᙼࡽࡇࡑ᪥᭙ఇ᪥ไࢆࡶࡗࡶ࠺ࡲࡃࠕ⏝ࠖࡋࡓ୰ᅜேࡔࡗࡓࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ௳ࡣࠊࡢࡕ ྠࡌࡃ⏦ሗ㤋ࡽⓎ⾜ࡉࢀࡓ⤮ධ᪂⪺ࡢࠗⅬ▼ᩪ⏬ሗ࠘ࡶࠕ㌿㍕ࠖࡉࢀࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑࡇ࡛⦅㞟⪅ࡣࡲ. − 51 −.
(64) ࡓḟࡢࡼ࠺ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ࡇࡢ㈫ࡢ㏨㉮ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㊧ࢆ㎺ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡀࠊ㈫ࡢධࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࡞ࢇㄡࡦࡾࡋ࡚ ▱ࡿࡶࡢࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㈫ࡗ࡚ࡣᖾ㐠࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢᗑࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡰࢇࡸࡾࡢㅫࡾࢆࡲࡠࢀ ࡞࠸ࠋ
(65) . ㈫ࡀⓎぬࡉࢀࡎᗑ₯ࡾ㎸ࡴࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊ㛫ࢆ⟶⌮ࡍࡿኪᅇࡾࡀඹ≢⪅ࡔࡗࡓ࠺ࡣ ࡶࡃࠊࡑࡢవ⿱⥣ࠎࡓࡿᵝᏊࡽࡳࡿࠊࡋࡗࡾୗぢࢆࡋࠊᗑࡢࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆᢕᥱࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛⥥ ᐦィ⏬ࢆ⦎ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡇࡣീ㞴ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ௳ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ᪥᭙᪥ᗑࡀఇࡴࡢࢆ≺࠺≢ ⾜ࡣࠊΎᮎ࠾࠸࡚ከⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ
(66) ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ࡞ࡣ㐠ࡸᛮࢃࡠฟ᮶ࡼࡗ࡚ኻᩋࡋ ࡓࡶࡢࡶ࠸ࡓࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕ㚝⬟ᤊ㈫ࠖ 㸦 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㸧࠸࠺ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ࡢグࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿἾᲬࡀ᪥ ᭙᪥ኴᖹὒ⾜࠸࠺ᗑධࡋࡓࠋ⮬㬆㚝ࢆ୍ྎ┐ࢇࡔࡶࡢࡢࠊᗑࡣࡃேࡀ࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢ ⮬㬆㚝ࢆᗯୗ⛣ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡓ㒊ᒇධࡗู࡚ࡢࡶࡢࢆ┐ࡶ࠺ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢁࡀ┐ࡳࢆാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ 㛫ࠊ࡞ࢇᗯୗ⨨࠸࡚࠶ࡗࡓ⮬㬆㚝ࡀ㬆ࡾฟࡋ࡚ࠊ࠺࠺ேࠎẼ࡙ࢀࠊᤕࡲࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ ࡃࠊ᪥᭙ఇ᪥ไࡀ࠸ࡲࡔ୍⯡ⓗ୰ᅜேཷࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓ ᖺ௦ࠊ⋡ඛࡋ࡚᪥᭙᪥ࡢࠕⰋ࠸ ࡇࢁࠖẼ࡙࠸ࡓࡢࡣࠊႥぬࡀ㗦ᩄࡔࡗࡓࡑࢀࡽࡢἾᲬࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥᭙ఇ᪥ไࡢᗈࡀࡾ ࡘࢀ࡚ࠊἾᲬࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡃ᪥᭙᪥ࡸࡿࡇࡶ࡞࠸ேࡓࡕࡀࠊࢠࣕࣥࣈࣝࡩࡅࡗࡓࡾࠊ႖ვࡋࡓ ࡾࡋ࡚ᤕࡲ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡾ࠸࠺௳ࡢሗ㐨ࡶࠊ ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ࡼࡃぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ. ࠾ࢃࡾ ᮏ✏ࡣࠊΎᮎ࠾ࡅࡿ୍㐌᪥ไࡢྡ⛠ࡽฟⓎࡋࠊΎᮎࡢ᪂⪺ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ࡢグࢆ୰ᚰࠊఇᜥࠊፗᴦ ࡑࡋ࡚≢⨥௳࠸ࡗࡓ୕ࡘࡢほⅬࡽࠊΎᮎ࠾ࡅࡿ᪥᭙᪥ࡢཷᐜࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࡲࡎᫍ ᮇ࠸ࡗࡓྡ⛠ࡀࠊ᪩ࡃࡶ ᖺ௦ࡍ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊࡢࡕΎ௦ࡢ୍㐌᪥ไ࠾ࡅࡿṇᘧ ࡞ྡ⛠࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮௨እࠊΎᮎ࠾࠸࡚〇₎ ㄒࡀ㔞୰ᅜఏࢃࡗࡓࡇࡶ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋḟࠊ᪥᭙ఇ᪥ไࡢᗈࡀࡾࡣࠊཝࡋ࠸⏕ά ఏ⤫ⓗ㐨ᚨࡽࡢᅽຊࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ᖺ௦ࡣᢠࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ㛫ࡀࡓࡘࡘࢀ࡚ࠊఇᜥࡢᴫᛕ ࡀᚎࠎ୰ᅜேࡢ㛫ᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ୰ᅜேࡢ㛫ほᛕ࠾ࡼࡧ⏕άࢫࢱࣝࡢ⮬┬ࡋ࡚✚ ᴟⓗཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࢆㄽࡌࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥᭙ఇ᪥ไࡢᗈࡀࡾࡶࡲࡓࠊ㒔ᕷᕷẸ ፗᴦࡢ㛫ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࠋᅵ᭙᪥ࡢኪࡀࡌࡗࡉ࠸୍␒㈰ࡸࡔࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊፗᴦࡢ㛫ࡋ࡚ࡢ᪥᭙᪥ ࡣࠊࡌࡘࡣࡑࡢ๓ኪࡽࡍ࡛ጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊΎᮎ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪥᭙ఇ᪥ไࡢఏ᮶ ࡼࡾࠊ᪥᭙᪥ࡢ㛫ࢆ≺࠺≢⨥௳ࡶከࡃⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡃࡋ࡚ఇᜥፗᴦࡢ㛫ࡋ࡚ࡢ᪥ ᭙᪥ࡣࠊࡓࡔᏳࡽ࡞ࡔࡅࡢ᪥࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ≢⨥ࡢ㛫ࡔࡗࡓゝ࠼࡞ࡃࡶ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ. 㹙ὀ㹛. − 52 −.
(67) 1㸧Daniel J. Boorstin (1983), BOOK ONE: TIME, PART I, 2. The Week: Gateway to Science, pp.12-19 ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 2㸧Ⲯ⏦ࡣࠊ ࠗᚋ၈ኳᡂඖᖺṧᬺ࠘ࡀࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫᅜ❧ᅗ᭩㤋ࡀⶶࡍࡿࠗ၈ྠගᅄᖺලᬺ࠘ 㸦P.3247㸧ྠࡌ ࡶࡢࡔᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡕ࡞ࡳࠊᚋ၈ྠගᅄᖺࡣࠊࡁࡢⲮ᐀ࡀᔂᚚࡋࠊᖺྕࡀኳᡂᨵඖࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ 3㸧“ᘓ୰ᖺ”ࡣࠊ⣖ඖ 781 ᖺ࠶ࡓࡿࠋ“సჿ”ࡣࠊ㓀ᖺࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ“ኴⶦ᭶”ࡣࠊ㝜ᬺ୍᭶ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ 4㸧Ⲯ⏦㸦1960㸧ࡣࠕyet-sumbadࠖ ࠊబዲ㑻ࠗᬒᩍ☃ᩥ◊✲࠘ 㸦1911㸧ࡣࠕYe sumbandࠖ ࠊ⚄┤㐨ࠗᬒᩍධ㛛࠘ 㸦1981㸧ࡣࠕek sanwebࠖ⾲グࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 5㸧 㹙၈㹛㛗Ꮮ↓ᚷࠗ၈ᚊ㆟࠘ᕳࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ ͆⚾ᐙᚓ᭷ࠊ㐪⪅ᚐᖺ͇ ࠋ 6㸧 ࠕ㔘㓫ࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1888 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 19 ᪥㸧ࡼࡿࠋ 7㸧㡑㑥ࠗᾏୖⰼิఏ࠘ࡢ➨භᅇࠕ㣴ᅊ㨶ᡛゝᚤၿᩍ ⟶⪁㬍ወᖖࠖぢ࠼ࡿࠋ 8㸧 ࠕග⥴༑ඵᖺඵ᭶༑᪥ிሗ㘓ࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1902 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 13 ᪥㸧 ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ“ẗ᭶ᡣ ᫍᅄᫍᮇㄢ”ࠋ 9㸧ཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ“ᡣᫍ᪥ࠊྛㄢ୍᪥”ࠋ ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ“␜ฟ⌧ᅾ 19 ୡ⣖ⓗ᭱ᚋ༑ᖺ”ࠋ 10㸧‣ᬡⓑ㸦2013: 222㸧 11㸧⛒⏺ࡢ㆙ᐹ⤌⧊ࠕᕠᤕᡣࠖᒓࡋࠊㄪᰝဨఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 12㸧 ࠕㄽすໟ᥈ゼᣡᢹᲈஅࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1884 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 26 ᪥㸧 ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ“ග᫂ࠊཪ٬ᫍᮇࠋ⯅ ேྠ㌴ࠊసᎰஅ᭳ࠊ㥅㥵㢼ᬮ᪥㛫”ࠋ 13㸧ᙇ⥔㸦2001: 148㸧 ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ“ᚇ᪉౽㸪୍⯡ேྉⴭ㡰ཱྀ”ࠋ 14㸧๓ᥖࠕග⥴༑ඵᖺඵ᭶༑᪥ிሗ㘓ࠖ ࠊཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ ͆ซᫍᮇ୕ཬᫍᮇභୗ༗ಀㄢ͇ ࠋ 15㸧 ࠗᏛ㒊ᐁሗ࠘➨භ༑ඵᮇࢆཧ↷ࠋ 16㸧ཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ ͆༑ᖺ௨๓ࠊすὒᏥ⾡அ㍺ධࠊ㝈ᙧ⪋ୗᏥஅ᪉㠃ࠊᨾ㞪᭷᪂Ꮠ᪂ㄒࠊᩥᏥୖᑦ ᮍ᭷㢷ⴭஅᙳ㡪ஓࠋᩝᖺ௨ࠊᙧ⪋ୖᏥධ୰ᅧࠊ⪋ཪ᭷୍᪥ᮏ↉ࠊⅭஅ୰㛫அ㦬㥽ࠊ᪥ᮏᡤ㐀㆞す ㄒஅ₎ᩥࠊ௨ΰΰஅໃ⪋ධᡃᅧஅᩥᏥ⏺͇ ࠋ 17㸧ཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ ͆ග⥴Ꮨᖺࠊ᪥ᮏྡモ┒⾜ୡࠋᙇᏕ㐩⮬㒘ධ┦ࠊවᐁᏥ㒊ࠋซዌබ∲᭷⏝᪂ྡ モ⪅ࠊ㍡௨➹அୟ᭩ୖபࠊ᪥ᮏྡモࠋᚋᝅྡモඳᏐ༶᪂ྡモࠊᨵ✃᪥ᮏᅵヰࠋ␜Ꮵ㒊ᨃ㡺୍ᷙᐃ ᑠᏥᩍဨ❶⛬ࠊᙇ௨ᷙᐃᏐⅭ᎘ࠊᛮ᭦அࠊ㎾ྍᚓࠊ㐙㛶⨨⾜͇ ࠋᏕ㐩ࡣࠊᙇஅὝࡢᏐ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠋཎᩥ 18㸧ᙇஅὝࠕ❧ᏑྂᏛᇽᦾࠖ 㸦 ࠗᙇᩥ〴බዌ㆟࠘ 㸦 ࠗᙇᩥ〴බ㞟࠘ 㸪1963㸪ᩥᾏฟ∧♫㸧ᕳභ༑ඵ㸧 ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ“㏆Ꮵᇽ᪂㐍அኈࠊඛṇ⪋႐᪂ወ͐͐㸦␎㸧͐͐⮳ㄽ䃚ᩥ❶ࠊᑜᖖ⡆∲㢮ࠊⓙᤑᲠ㞞 ᨾࠊᑙ⏝᪂モ㥆ࠋ⮳Ᏽ᫂௨அബグモ❶ࠊⓙ⬟ゎࠊఱㄽ୕௦͐͐㸦␎㸧͐͐ṇᏥ᪤⾶ࠊேᘄࠋⅭᅧ ᐙィࠊ๎ᚲ᭷⮧㈫Ꮚஅ⚝ࠋⅭୡ㐨ィࠊ๎ၶ᭷ὥỈ⊛⋖அ៧”ࠋ 19㸧Chester Holcombe(1895), CHAPTER ტ, “CHINESE SOCIAL LIFE”, p.93. ཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ“The Chinese devote little time to amusement and recreation. To the poor, who form an immense majority of the population, life is a neverending struggle against starvation. They rise at dawn and work until dark, have no Sundays or other rest days. They have but three established holidays in the year. Weddings and funerals form their only excitements, and the only luxuries of which they dream are an ounce or two of meat at very rare intervals with their invariable food of rice and cabbage, and the necessary tea and tobacco. With them half a day of idleness means half a day of hunger, and they. − 53 −.
(68) DSSHDUWRODFNERWKRSSRUWXQLW\DQGFDSDFLW\IRUZKDWLVFDOOHGVRFLDOHQMR\PHQW´ࠋ୰ᅜㄒࡣఱኳ∖ⴭࠊ㠭᪉Ᏻヂ 㸦 㸧 ࠋ 㸧୰ᅜㄒヂࡣ⫃㝑㸦 㸧 ࠋ 㸧 ࠕㄽすᅜ᪥ྛேఇᜥࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㸧 ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ³↛⚰ᣎఇᜥஅᮇ㞪⩦ ᪥᪥ᡤ⩦அᴗࠊ⪋᭷ᚿ⪅ᡈ༤もㅖ᭩௨ᩆᡤ㐊ࠊồ⩌⟇௨ቔ┈⬟ࠋ⪋⋵᪥យ⪅↛↓ᗄࠋ すே㞪᪥୍ᜥࠊ⪋ᡤᜥ⪅Ⲩ᭷⏝அ᪥ࠋ୰ᅧ᪥᪥ᜥ⪅ࠊ㐣⾜Ⅽ↓ຌஅ⯇ື༞அࠋᚰ⪁᪥ᣋࠊ ㌟᪥⑂ࠊⴙ㋢㊛ࠊ୍⏕ᘄᲠࠊྍᝰဢࠋఱⱝస⢭⚄ࠊ᪥㐍↓ࠊᨺすே᪥அᮇ⪋ᑡᜥࠋ㣾᪥ ᭶ࠊ㢪ዧຮ௨ᅯຌࠋ↓᪥᪥⚰ᣎఇᜥྠ᪥᪥ⓙ⚰ᣎఇᜥࠊᝆᝆᛛᛛࠊ୍↓ᡂ௨⤖Ṉ⏕ஓྍ´ࠋ 㸧ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄽㄪࡣࠊ ᖺ௦ࡢࠗ⏦ሗ࠘࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡢグࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕㄽእᅜஅᙉ ᅾ⯪◙ᙉᅾᮏ㢼அཌἲᗘஅཝࠖ 㸦 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㸧࡞ࠋ 㸧 ࠕᝏ⪺⫆ࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㸧 ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ³ᣨṈ୰ὒேఝ⯅⌮ྜࠊᕤ⬟ ᕤ⤯ㅛ⏕அ㊰´ࠋ 㸧 ࠕ່⬟⋓ࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㸧 ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ³ከேᚓ⪋ᮭ⋊ᚓஅࠊྍぢᏲṇຊ⏣ அ᭷┈▯´ࠋ ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ³㏆㤿㌴⏕ព᭱┒ࠊ㐝⚰ᣎ᪥ 㸧 ࠕே㤿அ⏝␗⪋ྠㄝࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㸧 ๎ᑬ⏒ࠋ ⩋✵ࠊ⮳ᅄ㯶㚝᭷ḧ㞠㌴⪋ᚓ⪅ࠋᡈ㐝௧⠇ࠊᡈ㐝㉏㤿➼๎㤿㌴அൠ㦮ቔ❵᭷㍑அ ᖹ᪥㡻ቔᩝಸ⪅´ࠋ 㸧ᕸᨻࡢ⛠࡛࠶ࡿࠋᕸᨻࡣΎ௦࠾࠸࡚ࠊ┬ࡢ⾜ᨻ㛗ᐁ࠶ࡓࡿࠋ 㸧ᮤඖࠗᐁሙ⌧ᙧ⣖࠘ 㸪➨୕༑୕ᅇࠕᰝᖒ┠ዊᮐㅜ㖟⾜ ྡ㢌ᩡ㖹㛤᭩ᒁࠖ ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ ͆ᮍ ᭯ୖ㌴ⓗೃ㸪㌴ኵᑵၥ㸸 ࠗ฿ီཤ㸽࠘⸬⮹䃚㸸 ࠗ༂㇔㖟⾜ࠋ ࠘㤿ኵ䃚㸸 ࠗኳ⚰ᣎ㸪㖟⾜㛤㛛ⓗࠋ ࠘㑣 ⧎㆞ᅉ┬ᖔⓗ㸪ᅾޗᆅஂ㸪ஓᛀグ⚰ᣎ⚰ᣎࠋ⿕㤿ኵ୍ྃヰᥦ㓰㸪ᜌ↛㐨㸸 ࠗ㘒㸪⚰ᣎ᪥እ ᅧே㎨බⓗ㸪ཤஓⓑཤࠋዴே฿ูᣎᐈ㸪᫂ኳ୍᪩ཤ㑀ࠋ ࠘⸬⮹㐨㸸 ࠗ⟶ᎎⓗ⚰ᣎ ⚰ᣎ㸟㸦␎㸧 ࠘ ͇ ࠋ 㸧 ࠗ⧆ീᑠㄝ࠘ 㸦 ᖺ➨ ྕ㸧 ࠕ┈ᬛၥ⟅ࠖ ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ³እᅧேḴᜥⓗ᪥Ꮚࠊ㑏ႝ⚰ᣎ㸽㑏㐃 ูⓗ᪥Ꮚ㸽´ࠋ 㸧ྠୖࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ³ྈ᭷୰ᅧே㸪୍ᖺ฿㢌㸪ἄ᭷Ḵᜥⓗ᪥Ꮚⓗ´ࠋ 㸧ᱱၨ㉸ࠗ᪂㝣㐟グ࠘ 㸪 ࠕᅄ༑ࠖ ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ ͆すேẗ᪥ྈ᧯సඵ㯶㚝ࠋẗ᪥๎ఇᜥࠋ୰ᅧ ၟᗑẗ᪥ᬋ㯶㚝㛤㛛ࠋ༑୍㯶ጞḴࠋ⤊᪥༴ᆘᗑ୰ࠋୟ᪥↓ఇ͐͐㸦␎㸧͐͐ซேࠋ᭱ྍ ᭷Ềࠋ⤊᪥⤊↢⪋᧯స↉ࠋ๎ᚲམࠋམ๎ᚲࠋ๎ⴙⴠ▯ࠋఇᜥ⪅ᐿே⏕அ୍せ௳ஓࠋ୰ᅧேᡤ௨ ⬟᭷㧗ᑦஅ┠ⓗ⪅ࠋ↓ఇᜥᐿᑹࠋ͇ࠕ᮶᪥ࠖࡣࠗ᫆࠘ࡽࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪥᭙᪥ࡢྡ⛠ ࡋ࡚ࠊ୍㒊ศࡢ▱㆑ே⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ 㸧ྠୖࠋ 㸧ࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ࡣࠊ ࠕᨃᐃఇᜥ᪥ᮇࠖ㢟ࡍࡿዊኳ┬㸦⌧㑈ᑀ┬㸧ࡽࡢ ᕸ࿌ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋせ⣙ࡍࡿࠊᖺࡽ㈈ᨻ⥲ᒁࡣఇࡳ㛫ࢆ᪥᭙᪥ࡢ༗ᚋᐃࡵࡓࠋබົࢆ࠺ࡋࡓࡢࡳ࡞ ࡽࡎࠊປാఇᜥࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࡶࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡓࡵࠊᖺࡶఇᜥ㛫ࢆኚ᭦ࡏࡎ⥆⾜ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ୖ⣭ᶵ 㛵ồࡵࡓࠊ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸧+XFeYDULVWH5pJLV
(69) Y&+$3,7(5S ࢆཧ↷ࠋⱥヂࡣ +XFeYDULVWH5pJLV
(70) Y&+$3$7(5. − 54 −.
(71) უpp.274-275. ୰ᅜㄒࡣྂᐹⴭࠊᙇᏊΎ➼ヂ㸦2006:143㸧 ࠋ 34㸧ཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ ͆ẗ㐂⚰ᣎኳ㸪⥂㐣ᩝኳᛁ◿⏕άⓗே಼㸪ᆒ㊅ၟᴗ⦾⳹༐㐢థ⾤㢌ᑠᑠⓗⲔ㤋ࠊ 㣶㤋ࠊ᭩ሙࠊᡛ㤋ࠊ↮㤋ࠊዽ㤋➼ྛᾘ㛪။ᵹሙᡤ㸪㞉ពᾘ㐵㸪㏺ல။ᵹሙᡤㆰᚓ⇊⇊㸪⇕㨒㠀ᖖ͇ࠋ 35㸧ⴱඖ↶ࠗ㐟㞧グ࠘ 㸦 ࠕୖᾏ┙ୖᾏேྀ᭩ࠖ 㸪ୖᾏྂ⡠ฟ∧♫ 㸪 1989㸧ᕳ୍ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ“᪥ ୍⚰ᣎࠊⅭすேఇᜥஅᮇࠝ༶୰ࠊᡣࠊᫍࠊᅄᐟ٬᪥ࠞ ࠋ᪥ஓࠊᕤḴ⸤ࠊၟ㈠᫆ࠊすேᯫ㍝㌴ࠊ 㥽㥴㤿ࠊᡈᨠ╍ฟ㐟ࠊᡈ㉱ᇽ⚰ᣎࠋ⳹ேஅᒃすၟ⪅ࠊඛ୍᪥⚰ᣎභኪࠊᚁḷ㓇ࠊၥᰗᑜⰼࠋᡛ㤋ࠊ ೊᑅថむ㈱᭸⁹ᗙப”ࠋ 36㸧ྠୖ㸪 ࠕ⿁ᗎࠖ ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ“ㅝⅭᣦ༡அ㔪”ࠋ 37㸧ཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ ͆⚰ᣎ᪥௵ே㐟⋵↉ࠋ๓୍᪥᭣⚰ᣎභ㸪ኪᑬⅭ⇕㨒͇ ࠋ 38㸧 ࠕほ㤿ᡙグࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1886 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 24 ᪥㸧 ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ“㌴ᑽ㤿ᡛ㝖⚰ᣎ᪥₇እࠊ㣾᪥ⓙ ᅾ㛫㛤║ࠋᝳ㐝⚰ᣎභ๎ᬀኪⓙ₇”ࠋ 39㸧ྠୖࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ ͆↓ㄽ୰ᅧᡤ⨖ぢࠊ༾すᡛ୰↓ᡤ༉ࠋవ୍᪥ඳぢஅࠊ㇍㠀ᴟやஅᛌ ဢ͇ ࠋ ࠊ ࠕ㤿ᡙึ㛤ࠖ 㸦1886 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 22 40㸧 ࠕすᅜ㢌➼㤿ᡙࠖ 㸦1882 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 14 ᪥㸧 ࠊ ࠕ㤿ᡙึㄅࠖ 㸦1882 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 17 ᪥㸧 ᪥㸧࡞ࡢࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ࡢᗈ࿌グࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ1882 ᖺ 1886 ᖺᅇࡶࠊࢳࣕࣜࢿࢧ࣮࢝ࢫᅋࡀࡇࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡔࡗࡓࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ 41㸧 ࠕእᅜ⏨ዪ㤿ᡙ㉗≀ࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1872 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 29 ᪥ࠊ1872 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 31 ᪥㸧 ࠊ ࠕୖᾏ⏨ዪ㤿ᡙ㉗≀ࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘ 1872 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 30 ᪥㸧࡞ࡼࡿࠋ 42㸧 ࠕ♩ᣏභ㉕ゝࠖ 㸪1914㸪 ࠗ♩ᣏභ࠘➨ 1 ᮇ㸪pp.1-2ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ“ἣᑠ䃚அ㍝౽᭷㊃ዴ⚰ᣎභ⪅இ”ࠋ 43㸧 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘࠾࠸࡚ࡑࢀゝཬࡀ࠶ࡿグࡣከᩘ࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠕㄽすே㉏㤿அ┒ࠖ 㸦1879 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 13 ᪥㸧 ࡣࠊ ࠕࡇࢀࡲ࡛ර⯪ࡢỈኵࡸỈර࡞ࡣࠊ᪥᭙᪥ࡢࡳୖ㝣ࡋ࡚㐟ࡪࡢࡀチࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ྥර⯪Ỉᡭ ර➼ேᝳ⚰ᣎ᪥‽Ⓩᓊ㐟⋵㸧 ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓグ㏙ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 44㸧 ࠕ㓇㎶᪂ㄒࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1886 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 24 ᪥㸧 ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ“͐͐㓩ᚋ๎ᛣヒᕬࠊᡴᯫఇࠊṈ➼ ᪥᪥ⓙ᭷⪋௨እᅧර⯪ỈᡭⅭᑬ⏒ࠋእᅧර⯪Ỉᡭ↓୍Ⴔ㓇ࠊẗ㐂⚰ᣎ᪥Ⓩᓊࠊ↓୍㓩ࠋ㓩ᚋ๎ᆘᮾ ὒ㌴୰▊↛⇍╧⪅᭷அࠊ㧗⫆ၐ᭤⪅᭷அࠊᇳ㌴ኵ⪋③ẏ㐂⾜ே⪋ᡴ⪅᭷அࠊᑬ⏒⪅๎ᣢย⯅ྠక┦ 㨐㛫᭷㔐ᡂ⪅”ࠋ ࠕ₎ཱྀすேᧁᩢ⳹ேࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1872 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 23 ᪥㸧 ࠊ ࠕᑀᇛ㞧⪺ࠖ 45㸧ࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1878 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 10 ᪥㸧 ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 46㸧 ࠕỈᡭᡴᯫࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1882 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 30 ᪥㸧࡞ࡼࡿࠋ 47㸧 ࠕ⨩ᢲࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1882 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 3 ᪥㸧࡞ࡼࡿࠋ 48㸧 ࠕᅉ㓉㨒ࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1881 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 12 ᪥㸧࡞ࡼࡿࠋ 49㸧 ࠕ₎ཱྀすேᧁᩢ⳹ேࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1872 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 23 ᪥㸧 ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ“ᡤᮃす⯪ྛᐁ᠇ᑦ⮬⾜ᄫ⥭ ⣙᮰௨චᑘ⚝➃ᡈ⮴௨ᑠ⪋യඳᅧẸேஅព๎ᡤኻ▯”ࠋ 50㸧 ࠕỈᡭ㛯ࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1877 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 18 ᪥㸧 ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ“ಂᅧỈᡭ᭱↓つ▴ࠊᅾ⛒⏺ィ㠀୍ ḟࠋᖔරᐁ㡲ᄫⅭ⣙᮰ஓ”ࠋ 51㸧ཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ ͆ᅾΎ୍㒊᭱ฟⰍⓗᑠ䃚͇ࠋ 52㸧༡ீீ㛗ࠗᩥ᫂ᑠྐ࠘ 㸪➨୕༑ᅇࠕᤑ⤀ᐩ⪵㈎ྣᄞ ㄽ፧ጻ❵ᢶឿ㜍ពࠖ ࠋ༡ீீ㛗ࡣࠊᮤඖࡢ. − 55 −.
(72) ྕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 53㸧 ࠕἲ⏺ᤕᡣ⣖ࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1894 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 13 ᪥㸧 ࠊ ࠕἲ⏺බᇽ⍢ࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1894 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 16 ᪥㸧࡞ࡼ ࡿࠋ 54㸧 ࠕᚑᐜ⫔✼ࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1886 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 5 ᪥㸧 ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ“᧸✃ヱ㗤⚰ᣎභ㜝㛛㍑᪩ࠊ㈫༶ΰධ ୰ࠊ㛫୪ᮍ⾜❦ࠊྲྀ⤧ႝ㗤ᷬᷠࠊྲྀぉ୍ᮐసᯖࠊྲྀ⤧Ẩస⿕ࠊ㧗⮩୍ᐘࠋ⮳ḟ᪥ࠊ⮳〇⍆அࠊ ྲྀྛ✀ჾලࠊ᧚㛤ᑃᏐᷠᢳᒒࠊᣓྲྀ㖟ὒ⣙୍ⓒᩝ༑ඖࠋ⮳ࠊ╧ࠋ㣗≀᪩ᨠ௨ಢࠊᨾᚓᚘᐜዴṈஓࠋ ┤⮳⚰ᣎ୍᪩ࠊ௨୍⧘⦛❆⪋㏽͐͐㸦␎㸧͐͐᭷᭦ኵ⯅㈫୵㏻⪅๎ᮍ▱ᯝྰஓ”ࠋ 55㸧 ࠕᚘᐜ⫔✼ࠖ 㸦 ࠗⅬ▼ᩪ⏬ሗ࠘ 㸦ᗈᮾேẸฟ∧♫㸪1983 ᖺ∧㸧㎞㸪68b-69a㸧 ࠋཎᩥࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ“ᝳ ㈫அཤஓ᭷㊧ྍᚠࠊ⪋㈫அධஓ❵↓୍ே▱᭐⪅ࠊᅾ㈫Ⅽᕷ⪋ᅾヱᗑ㗤ᮍච⢶ሬ”ࠋ 56㸧ࡓ࠼ࡤࠕᫀබྖኻὒࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1873 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 15 ᪥㸧 ࠊ ࠕ⚾㐠Ჽ㈌ࠖ 㸦 ࠗ⏦ሗ࠘1880 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 6 ᪥㸧࡞ ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ. 㹙ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩㹛 ʲਅๅʳ ʤ ʥքॽవʨӪһʩ ɽ 㸪⋤∞ᩄ㸪᫂Ύ♫ᩥ⏕ែ㸪ᗈすᖌ⠊Ꮫ ⋤∞ᩄ㸦 㹙1976㹛2009㸧୰ᅜே♩ᣏ᪥ไ㸪 ࠗᏱᐂග࠘3㸦12㸧 ฟ∧♫㸪181-195 ᡤ㸬 㛬ഔ㸦1999㸧ᫍᮇ᪥බఇไᗘⓗ᥎⾜㸪ᚿ⍆⦅㸪㛬ഔ⦅㸪㏆௦୰ᅜ♫ᩥኚ㑄㘓 2㸪ύỤேẸฟ∧♫㸪 632-642 ᡤ㸬 ᙇ᭩⳹㸦2008㸧すไᮾ㸸ヨ᥈ࠕᫍᮇไࠖΎᮎୖᾏஅఏᕸ㸪୰ᴟᏛห 7: 179-196㸬 㐟బᚭ㸦2003㸧Ύᮎᮇࡢࠕ᪥᭙᪥ࠖ: Ύᮎᮇ୰ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㏆௦ࠖࡢཷᐜ㸪ᩥඹ⏕Ꮫ◊✲㸦ᒸᒣᏛᏛ 㝔ᩥ⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉㸧1: 181-191. ᮤ㛗Ⳁ㸦2007㸧ΎᮎẸึᇛᕷⓗ“බඹఇ㛩”“බඹ㛫”㸪ྐᏛ᭶ห 11: 82-89. ‣ᬡⓑ㸦2013㸧㛫ⓗ♫ᩥྐ: ㏆௦୰ᅜ㛫ไᗘほᛕኚ㑄◊✲㸪♫⛉Ꮫᩥ⊩ฟ∧♫㸬 ᪂ඹྠヂ㸦1987㸧ୡグ㸪⪷᭩㸪᪥ᮏ⪷᭩༠㸬 Daniel J. Boorstin(1983) The Discovers: A History of Man's Search to Know his World and Himself, Random House㸬 Ⲯ⏦㸦1960㸧⻤᪥⪃㸪୰ኸ◊✲㝔Ṕྐㄒゝ◊✲ᡤ㞟ห 31: 271-302㸬 ⨶⋢⦅㸦1925㸧ᩔ↥▼ᐊ○㔠㸪ᮾ᪉Ꮫ㸬 ụ⏣ ⦅㸦1992㸧ᩔ↥₎ᩥᩥ⊩ 5㸪ᮾฟ∧♫㸬 Paul Pelliot 㸦1914㸧 Chrétiens d’Asie Centrale et d’Extrême-Orient, T’oung Pao(㏻ሗ), Second Series, Vol. 15, No. 5, p.625㸬 ᱓ཎ㞐ⶶ㸦1968㸧⛙ᬒᩍὶ⾜୰ᅜ☃ᑵ࠸࡚㸪᱓ཎ㞐ⶶ㞟 1㸪ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ㸪386-409㸬 ᙇ⥔㸦2001㸧⿁✐ఏ㸪㞼༡ᩍ⫱ฟ∧♫. ఱᛮ※㸦2014㸧Ύᮎ⦅ゞྡモ㤋ⓗṔྐ⪃ᐹ㸪㡑ᒣᖌ⠊Ꮫ㝔Ꮫሗ 4㸬 㥁ᢎ㕙㸦1933㸧ᬒᩍ☃⪃㸪ၟົ༳᭩㤋㸬 ⎏㛇ᆂ࣭၈Ⰻ⅖⦅㸦1991㸧Ꮫไ₇ኚ㸪ୖᾏᩍ⫱ฟ∧♫㸬 ⋤ᅜ⥔㸦1968㸧ㄽ᪂Ꮫㄒஅ㍺ධ㸪㟼Ᏻᩥ㞟㸪⋤ほᇽඛ⏕㞟 5㸪ᩥ⳹ฟ∧බྖᡤ㸬 㯤ඞṊ㸦2008㸧᪂ྡモஅᡓ㸸Ύᮎཝヂㄒ〇₎ㄒⓗ➇㉏㸪୰ኸ◊✲㝔㏆௦ྐ◊✲ᡤ㞟ห 62: 1-42.. − 56 −.
(73) Ụᗤ㸦 㸧㊅ᗞ㝶➹㸪ᕳ୍㸪ỿ㞼㱟⦅㸪㏆௦୰ᅜྐᩱྀห 㸪ᩥᾏฟ∧♫㸬 &KHVWHU+ROFRPEH
(74) The Real Chinaman, 1HZ<RUN 'RGG0HDG FRPSDQ\ ఱኳ∖ⴭࠊ㠭᪉Ᏻヂ㸦 㸧┿ṇⓗ୰ᅜు㸪ග᫂᪥ሗฟ∧♫㸬 /LHQVKHQJ <DQJ
(75) Studies in Chinese Institutional History +DUYDUG<HQFKLQJ ,QVWLWXWH ყყ +DUYDUG 8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV ⫃㝑㸦㸧ᅜྐ᥈ᚤ㸪᪂ᫍฟ∧♫㸬 +XFeYDULVWH5pJLV
(76) L'Empire chinois*DXPHIUqUHV㸬 +XFeYDULVWH5pJLV
(77) A Journey through the Chinese Empire+DUSHUDQG%URWKHUV㸬 ྂᐹⴭࠊᙇᏊΎ➼ヂ㸦㸧୰⳹ᖇᅜ⣖⾜㸸ᅾΎᅜ᭱ᐩఏወⰍᙬⓗṔ㝤ୖ㸪ᙇᏊΎ⦅㸪 ࠕ³す᪉ே ┳୰ᅜ´ᩥ㐟グྀ᭩ࠖ 㸪༡ிฟ∧♫㸬 ⿁⩧⏠㸦 㸧⥆ୖ➉ᯞモ㸪㞾ክỈ⦅㸪୰⳹➉ᯞモ 㸪ிྂ⡠ฟ∧♫ 㜿ⱥ㸦 㸧ᬌΎᑠㄝྐ㸪ၟົ༳᭩㤋㸬. 㔠 ༤⏨ -,1%RQDQ ᾏ㐨ᏛᏛ㝔ᩥᏛ㝔 ᥖ㍕Ỵᐃ᪥㸸 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥. Abstract Research on the acceptance of “Sunday” in modern China has been conducted in fields such as literature, history, and sociology. Many of these previous studies, however, were centered on those in Republican period. The probing into this topic in the late Qing Dynasty, especially, is still insufficient. This paper examines the term “Sunday” in the late Qing Dynasty, based on the article in Shen Bao(⏦ ሗ), which is the most influential newspaper in that period, and investigates how the “Sunday” setting influenced the rest systems, entertainment time and crime behaviors.. − 57 −.
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