JAIST Repository: 観光地域づくりによる地域再生の評価に関する研究 : ドミニカ共和国プエルトプラタ県の事例

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Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

JAIST Repository

https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/ Title 観光地域づくりによる地域再生の評価に関する研究 : ドミニカ共和国プエルトプラタ県の事例 Author(s) 敷田, 麻実; 青木, 孝 Citation 日本地域政策研究, 11: 1-10 Issue Date 2013-03

Type Journal Article

Text version publisher

URL http://hdl.handle.net/10119/16882

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Evaluating Tourism-related Community Development: A Case Study in Puerto Plata, the Dominican Republic

ほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟ࡼࡿᆅᇦ෌⏕ࡢホ౯࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲

ࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜࣉ࢚ࣝࢺࣉࣛࢱ┴ࡢ஦౛

ᩜ⏣㯞ᐇ㸦໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫ㸧

Asami Shikida㸦Hokkaido University㸧

㟷ᮌᏕ㸦࢔࢖ࢩ࣮ࢿࢵࢺᰴᘧ఍♫㸧

Takashi Aoki㸦IC Net Limited㸧

Abstract

Community development through tourism has attracted much attention from both practitioners and scholars. Tourism is believed to be able to rejuvenate deteriorating local communities through positive economic effects; particularly, it has the potential to revitalize local economies. However, tourism alone cannot improve communities because many issues hamper the management of community development and evaluation of its sustainability. This study examines the strategic planning of community development through tourism in Puerto Plata, the Dominican Republic, where an international cooperation project by the Japanese International Cooperation Agency was started in November 2009. We use a tentative evaluation methodology based on the nature of balance sheet to determine the potential of communities and outcomes of the development.

Key words:Resource utilization, International aid, Community tourism development, The Dominican Republic

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ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

2000 ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀ㐍⾜ࡍࡿ ୰࡛ࠊᅜ࡟ࡼࡿᆅ᪉ศᶒࡢ᥎㐍࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᆅᇦࠊ≉ ࡟ᆅ᪉ᆅᇦࡣࠊᅜࡢ⿵ຓ㔠ࡸไᗘ࡟౫Ꮡࡋࡓᆅᇦ㐠 Ⴀ࠿ࡽࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡟ࡶ㈈ᨻⓗ࡟ࡶ⮬ᚊࡋࡓᆅᇦ࡬ࡢ㌿ ᥮ࢆồࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᆅᇦࡀ୺యⓗ࡟ᆅ ᇦ᣺⯆ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿάື࡛࠶ࡿࠕᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡲࡕ࡙ࡃ ࡾࠖࡀྛᆅ࡛᥎㐍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰࡛ࠊほගࢆᇶ㍈࡜ࡋࡓᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠕほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࠖࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀࠊྛᆅ࡛ᐇ㊶ࡉ ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸯)_{ࠋほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡣࠊ㒔ᕷィ⏬࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ} 㐨㊰ࡸ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡢᩚഛ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㌟㏆࡞⎔ቃࡸ࢔࣓ ࢽࢸ࢕ࡢᨵၿࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓάືࢆᣦࡍࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࡲ ࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ୍㢮ᆺ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊ 2003 ᖺࡢほග❧ᅜᐉゝ௨㝆ࡣࠊほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡀྛ ᆅ࡛✚ᴟⓗ࡟᥎㐍ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ(ᩜ⏣࡯࠿ 2009)ࠋࡑࡢ ࡓࡵほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࢆ࡝࠺᥎㐍ࡍࡿ࠿ࡣࠊᆅᇦࡢ㛵 ಀ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㛵ᚰࡢ㧗࠸ࢸ࣮࣐࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ☜࠿࡟ࠊᅜෆࡢほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᡂຌ౛ࡢ ሗ࿌ࡣከ࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௻ᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤌⧊ࡸ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ ࣥࢺࡢ஦౛◊✲࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡢ௙⤌ࡳࡸ⤌⧊ࠊ ᡂᯝ࡟⤖ࡧࡘ࠸ࡓ⌮⏤࡞࡝ࡢᐈほⓗ࡞஦౛◊✲ࡣࢃ ࡎ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᅜෆࡢほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ◊✲ ࡣࠊ㐣ཤࡢ஦౛࠿ࡽࡢᩍカࡸಶேⓗ࡞య㦂ࡢ⪺ࡁྲྀ ࡾㄪᰝࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆ୍⯡໬ࡋࡓࡾࠊᐈ ほⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ヨࡳࡓࡾࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ ୍᪉ࠊᾏእࡢ஦౛◊✲࡛ࡣࠊMatarrita-Cascante et al. (2010)ࡸSton and Wall(2003)࡞࡝࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㛵ಀ⪅࠿ࡽࡢ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࡶྵࡵ࡚ලయⓗ࡞ࢹ ࣮ࢱࢆ♧ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ௚ᆅᇦ࡬㌿⏝ྍ⬟࡞♧၀ࢆࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࠋࡲࡓBramwell and Cox(2009)ࡢ ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊほගᆅᇦࡢ༠ാ㛵ಀࡢⓎᒎࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆࣔࢹ

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࡛ࣝศᯒࡍࡿヨࡳࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝࡢά⏝ࡣᅜෆ࡛ࡶ౛ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ౛࠼ ࡤᑠᓥ࡯࠿(2008)ࡀࠊࠕ༠ാࡢ❆ࠖࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ໭ᾏ㐨ࡢ㟝ከᕸ‵ཎࢺࣛࢫࢺࡢάືࢆศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡍ࡭࡚ࢆゎ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ ࡞࠸ࡀࠊほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡢᵓ㐀ࡸࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿ ࡟ࡋࠊඹ㏻⌮ゎࡀྍ⬟࡞୍⯡໬ࢆヨࡳࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣࠊ㏵ୖᅜᨭ᥼ࡢᆅᇦ ◊✲࡛ࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊ౛࠼ࡤ㛵㇂(2010)ࡀࠊᏛ⩦⌮ㄽ ࡸ▱㆑⛉Ꮫࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚ᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࢆศᯒࡋ ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋ୍᪉࡛ࠊᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡓࣔࢹࣝࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡢほග ᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ⌧ሙ࡛ᛂ⏝ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࢆ ಁ㐍࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ ᢈุࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠕᐇ㊶ඹྠయࠖࣔࢹࣝࢆࠕ⌮ᛕ ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜ᢈุࡋࡓ⚟ᓥ(2010)ࡢ୺ᙇ࡜ඹ㏻ ࡍࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࠕࣔࢹࣝࠖ ࡟ࡋ࠿㐣ࡂࡎࠊࣔࢹࣝ࡜⌧ᐇࡢほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡣู ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ᢈุ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜࣉ࢚ࣝࢺࣉࣛ ࢱ┴(Puerto Plata)࡛ࠕᅜ㝿༠ຊᶵᵓ(௨ୗࠕJICAࠖ)ࠖ ࡢᨭ᥼ࡢୗ࡟㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ஦౛ ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠊࣔࢹࣝࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓࠋᮏㄽᩥ࡛ᑐ㇟ ࡜ࡋࡓ JICA ࡢᨭ᥼ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣࠊࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ ᅜほග┬࡜⫋ᴗカ⦎ᗇࡀᐇ᪋ᶵ㛵࡜࡞ࡾࠊ2009 ᖺ 11 ᭶࠿ࡽࣉ࢚ࣝࢺࣉࣛࢱ┴࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕᐁẸ༠ ຊ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ㇏ ࠿ ࡞ ほ ග ᆅ ᇦ ࡙ ࡃ ࡾ ࣉ ࣟ ࢪ ࢙ ࢡ ࢺ (TURISOPP) (௨ୗࠕࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࠖ)㸰)_{࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ} ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣࠊᩜ⏣࡯࠿(2009)ࡢࠕほගࡢ㛵 ಀᛶࣔࢹࣝࠖࡀࣉ࣏࣮ࣟࢧࣝẁ㝵࡛᥼⏝ࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀ ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚ィ⏬ࡀ⤌ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࣔࢹࣝ ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࡇࡢほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࡑࡢ㝿࡟ࠊࣔࢹࣝࡀ⌧ሙ࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺ ࡟ᐇ㊶ࡉࢀࡓ࠿ࠊࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡣ ಁ㐍࡛ࡁࡓ࠿ࠊᙜヱ᥎㐍୺యࡢ௙⤌ࡳࡢ≉ᚩࡣఱ࠿ࠊ ࡑࡋ࡚௙⤌ࡳࡢ⥔ᣢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࣔ ࢹࣝࡀ♧ࡍࣉࣟࢭࢫ඲యࢆホ౯ࡋࠊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ ຠᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞ホ౯ᡭἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ ᥦ᱌ࡋࡓࠋ ᮏ◊✲ࡢⴭ⪅ࡢ࠺ࡕ㟷ᮌࡣࠊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㛤ጞ᫬ ࠿ࡽὴ㐵ᑓ㛛ᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚⌧ᆅ࡛ཧ୚ほᐹࡋࠊࡲࡓᩜ⏣ ࡶᑓ㛛ᐙ▷ᮇὴ㐵ᴗົ࡛2012 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 28 ᪥࠿ࡽ 3 ᭶7 ᪥ࡲ࡛⌧ᆅ࡟⁫ᅾࡋㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ≉ ู࡞ศᯒᡭἲࡸㄪᰝ⚊ㄪᰝࡣ⏝࠸ࡎࠊᑓ㛛ᐙࢆྵࡴ ⌧ᆅ㛵ಀ⪅࠿ࡽࡢ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾ࡜஦ᴗሗ࿌᭩࡞࡝ࡢ஦ᴗ ᐇ᪋グ㘓ࠊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓㄪᰝ⚊ㄪᰝࡢ⤖ ᯝࡸࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᡂᯝ(ၟရ࡙ࡃࡾࡸάື࡞࡝ࡢ ලయ౛)࠿ࡽศᯒࡋࡓࠋ

㸰㸬◊✲ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦࡢᴫせ

ࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜࡢᴫせ㸯ࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜࡢ఩⨨࡜ᅜࡢᴫせ ࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜࡣす࢖ࣥࢻㅖᓥ኱࢔ࣥࢸ࢕ࣝㅖᓥ ࡟࠶ࡿ࢖ࢫࣃࢽ࣮ࣙࣛᓥ࡟఩⨨ࡋࠊྠᓥすഃ࡟࠶ࡿ ࣁ࢖ࢳ࡜ᅜቃࢆ᥋ࡍࡿᓥᕋᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋேཱྀࡣ⣙944.5 ୓ேࠊ⥲㠃✚ࡣ 48,442km²࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠᅜࡢ୺せ⏘ᴗ ࡣࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮࣭◁⢾࣭࣭࢝࢝࢜ࢱࣂࢥࢆ⏕⏘ࡍࡿ㎰ᴗࠊ ࠾ࡼࡧࢽࢵࢣࣝ㖔ᴗࠊ⮬⏤㈠᫆ᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⧄⥔〇 ရ㍺ฟࢆᢸ࠺㍍ᕤᴗࠊࡑࡋ࡚ほග⏘ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1 ே ᙜࡓࡾࡢᅜẸ⥲ᡤᚓࡣ⣙4,860 ࢻࣝ(2009 ᖺ)࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡢᡤᚓ㝵ᒙศ㢮࡛ࡣୖ఩୰ᡤᚓᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 2000 ᖺ௦࡟ࡣ 10㸣࡟㐩ࡍࡿ㧗࠸⤒῭ᡂ㛗⋡ࢆ♧ࡋࠊ ⌧ᅾࡶ6㸣ࡢᡂ㛗⋡࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ2009 ᖺࡢኻᴗ ⋡ࡣ15㸣࡜㧗ࡃࠊᡤᚓ᱁ᕪࡶ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㒔ᕷ㒊 ௨እࡢ㈋ᅔࡣ῝้࡛࠶ࡿ㸱)_ࠋ (㸰)ࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜࡢほග ࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜࡣࠊ㏻ᖺࡢ ᬮ࡞Ẽೃ࡜࢝ࣜࣈᾏ ࡢࠕኴ㝧࡜ࣅ࣮ࢳࠖࢆồࡵࡿᖺ㛫430 ୓ேࡢ໭⡿ࡸ ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࠿ࡽࡢほගᐈࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸲)_ࠋྠᅜ ࡢ⤒῭ࡢ୰࡛ほග⏘ᴗࡢẚ⋡ࡣ㧗ࡃࠊほග཰ධࡣ 43.5 ൨ࢻࣝࠊほග⏘ᴗ࡛ࡢ㞠⏝ᩘࡣ 19.7 ୓ேࠊእ㈌ ⋓ᚓ㢠࡛ࡣ඲యࡢ30.1㸣࡟࡞ࡿࠋ ࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜࡢほග⏘ᴗࡢⓎᒎࡣࠊࠕほගඃඛᆅ ᇦἲࠖ࡟ࡼࡿ1970 ᖺ௦ࡢእ㈌ㄏ⮴ᨻ⟇࡜ᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡿ ほග࢖ࣥࣇࣛᩚഛ࡟ࡉ࠿ࡢࡰࡿࠋྠᅜᨻᗓࡣỈ㐨ࡸ

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㟁Ẽࠊ㐨㊰ࠊᅜ㝿✵ ࢆᘓタࡋࠊ⛯ไ㠃࡛ࡢඃ㐝࡛ እᅜ㈨ᮏ࡟ࡼࡿ࣍ࢸࣝㄏ⮴ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊほගඃ ඛᆅᇦࡢᣦᐃࢆ඲ᅜ࡟ᗈࡆࡓຠᯝࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ1980 ᖺ࡟ 38.3 ୓ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜ࡬ࡢほගᐈᩘࡣࠊ 1990 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 130.5 ୓ேࠊ2000 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 297.8 ୓ேࠊࡑ ࡋ࡚2010 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 412.4 ୓ே࡬࡜ቑຍࡋࡓࠋ໭⡿ࡸࣚ ࣮ࣟࢵࣃ࠿ࡽࡢ┤⾜౽ࡀྠᅜࡢ6 ࡘࡢᅜ㝿✵ ࡟஌ ࡾධࢀࠊ࿘㎶࡟ࡣほගᆅࡀⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊ2000 ᖺ㡭࠿ࡽᮏ᱁ⓗ࡟㛤Ⓨࡀጞࡲࡗࡓྠᅜᮾ㒊ࡢࣉࣥࢱ ࣮࢝ࢼ࣭ࣂࣂࣟᆅᇦࡣᛴⓎᒎࡋࠊ2011 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 201.7 ୓ே(ᅜ඲యࡢ 48.9%)ࡢほගᐈࢆ㞟ᐈࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ㛤Ⓨࡀ᪩࠿ࡗࡓほගᆅࡢ೵⁫࡜࠸࠺ㄢ㢟ࡶ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ (㸱)ࣉ࢚ࣝࢺࣉࣛࢱ┴࡜ࡑࡢほග ᮏ◊✲࡛ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࣉ࢚ࣝࢺࣉࣛࢱ┴ࡣࠊࢻ࣑ࢽ ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜࡢ໭㒊ࠊ㤳㒔ࢧࣥࢺ࣭ࢻ࣑ࣥࢦᕷ࠿ࡽ230km ࡟఩⨨ࡋࠊேཱྀ31.2 ୓ேࠊ⥲㠃✚ࡣ 1,803.6kmt࡛࠶ ࡿ(ᅗ 1)ࠋ┴ࡢ୰ᚰࡣேཱྀ 12.2 ୓ேࡢࢧ࣭ࣥࣇ࢙ࣜ ࣭࣌ࢹ࣭ࣉ࢚ࣝࢺࣉࣛࢱᕷ(San Felipe de Puerto Plataࠊ ௨ୗࠕࢧ࣭ࣥࣇ࢙ࣜ࣌ᕷࠖ)࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᅗ㸯ࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜ࡜ࣉ࢚ࣝࢺࣉࣛࢱ┴ࡢ఩⨨ ฟᡤ➹⪅సᡂ ࣉ࢚ࣝࢺࣉࣛࢱ┴ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡋࡓほගඃඛᆅᇦ࡟᭱ ึ࡟ᣦᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋࢧ࣭ࣥࣇ࢙ࣜ࣌ᕷࡢ୰ᚰ࠿ࡽ20km ࡟࠶ࡿࠕࢪ࣮ࣙࢪ࣭ࣝ࣌ࣟࣥᅜ㝿✵ ࠖࡣࠊᖺ㛫⣙ 36.7 ୓ே(2011 ᖺ)ࡀ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠᕷ㑹እࡢࣉࣛ ࣭ࣖࢻࣛࢲࠊࢥࢫࢱ࣭ࢻࣛࢲࠊࢥࣇࣞࢩᆅ༊࡟ࡣࠊ ࣮࢜ࣝ࢖ࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢩࣈᆺࣜࢰ࣮ࢺ࣍ࢸࣝࡀ❧ᆅࡋࠊ ୺࡟໭⡿ࡸ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࠿ࡽࡢእᅜேほගᐈࢆཷࡅධ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸳)_{ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ㛤Ⓨ࠿ࡽ᫬㛫ࡀ⤒㐣ࡋࡓࡇ࡜} ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࣜࢰ࣮ࢺ࣍ࢸࣝ࡬ࡢᆅඖฟ㈨๭ྜࡣపࡃࡣ ࡞࠸ࠋᖹᆒⓗ࡞ほගᐈࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࣍ࢸ࡛ࣝ1㹼2 㐌㛫 ⁫ᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊ᪥⛬ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࢆᩜᆅෆ࡛㐣ࡈࡋࠊᆅ ᇦఫẸ࡜ࡢ஺ὶࡣᑡ࡞ࡃࠊ㏆㞄ほගᆅࢆゼၥࡍࡿࢶ ࢔࣮ࡣ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ -,&$ ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᴫせ㸯ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ⫼ᬒ࡜ᴫせ ࡇࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊࣉ࢚ࣝ ࢺࣉࣛࢱ┴࡬ࡢほගᐈᩘࡢῶᑡ࡟ࡼࡿほග⏘ᴗࡢ୙ ᣺ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋྠ┴࡬ࡢほගᐈᩘࡣ 2000 ᖺ࡟ᖺ㛫 87.2 ୓ே࡟㐩ࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡣῶᑡഴྥ࡟࠶ࡾࠊ2011 ᖺ࡟ࡣ36.7 ୓ே࡟ῶᑡࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊほග┬ࡸᆅ ඖ࣍ࢸࣝ⤌ྜࡀほගࡢ෌⏕ࢆᮇᚅࡋࠊᾏእ࡛ࡢࣉࣟ ࣮ࣔࢩࣙࣥάື࡟ὀຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ࣍ࢸࣝ᪋タࡢ⪁ ᮙ໬ࡸ࢝ࣜࣈᾏࡢ௚ࡢほගᆅ࡜ࡢ➇தࡶⴭࡋࡃࠊ༑ ศ࡞ᡂᯝࡀୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࣜࢰ࣮ࢺ࣍ࢸ ࣝࡔࡅ࡟㢗ࡽ࡞࠸ࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞ほගࠖࡢ㛤Ⓨࡸࠊࣜࢰ࣮ ࢺ࣍ࢸࣝࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓほග⏘ᴗ࡜ᆅඖᆅᇦ࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠ ࡢᚲせᛶࢆࠊᨻᗓࡶㄆ㆑ࡋጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣࠊࣉ࢚ࣝࢺࣉࣛࢱ┴ࡢ9 ࡘࡢ࣒ࢽ ࢩࣆ࢜(ᕷ)ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠊᆅᇦ㈨※ࢆ෌ホ౯ࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆ ᪑⾜ၟရࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ၟရ໬ࡋࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡑࢀ ࢆほගᐈࡢ᮶ゼ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡆ࡚ࠊᆅᇦ࡟౽┈ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ ௙⤌ࡳࡢᵓ⠏ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢ᥎㐍୺ యࢆᙧᡂࡋࠊᆅᇦഃ࡛୺యⓗ࡟᪑⾜ၟရࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ ࡀ๰ฟ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࢆ ࣍ࢸࣝഃࡀ᪂ࡓ࡞࢚ࣥࢱࢸ࢖࣓ࣥࣥࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࣜࢰ࣮ ࢺ฼⏝ᐈ࡟ᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᆅᇦ࡟ࡶほග⏘ᴗഃ࡟ ࡶ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀ⏕ࡎࡿ┦஫฼┈ࡀィ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࠋᚑ᮶ᆺ ほගࡢ⾶㏥࡛⤒῭ⓗ࡟ࡶ♫఍ⓗ࡟ࡶ೵⁫ࡋࡓᆅᇦࡢ ᆅᇦ෌⏕ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᙜヱ஦౛ࡣࠊ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢ⬟ຊ ྥୖࡸᆅᇦ⏘ᴗࡢ๰ฟ࡛ࠊࠕᆅᇦຊࠖ㸴)ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆྥ ୖࡉࡏࡿᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ஦౛࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ (㸰)ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ㐍ᤖ≧ἣ ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣࠊほග┬࡜⫋ᴗカ⦎ᗇࡢᢸᙜ⫋ဨࠊ ὴ㐵ᑓ㛛ᐙ࡜࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝᑓ㛛ᐙࡢΰᡂࢳ࣮࣒(௨ୗ ࠕTURISOPP ࢳ࣮࣒ࠖ)࡟ࡼࡾᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣉࣟ

(5)

ࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㛤ጞᚋࠊTURISOPP ࢳ࣮࣒ࡣࠊྛ࣒ࢽࢩࣆ ࢜ࡢᕷ㛗ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊほග㛵㐃ᴗ⪅ࠊఫẸ⤌⧊ࠊᆅᇦ NGOࠊ኱ᏛࠊᏛ⏕⤌⧊ࠊዪᛶࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡞࡝ 100 ௨ୖ ࡢ㛵ಀᶵ㛵࠿ࡽ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࡋࠊᙜヱࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ㊃ ᪨ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢཧຍពḧࡀ࠶ࡿ 250 ௨ୖࡢ㛵ಀᶵ㛵ࡸಶேࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࣒ࢽࢩࣆ࢜ࡈ࡜࡟࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆ ᙧᡂࡋࠊࠕᆅᇦ㈨※෌Ⓨぢ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࠖࢆ㛤ദࡋ ࡓࠋᆅᇦ㈨※ࣜࢫࢺࡸ࣐ࢵࣉࡢసᡂ࡟ຍ࠼ࠊᆅᇦ࢔ ࢡࢱ࣮⮬㌟㸵)ࡀᆅᇦࡢ≉ᚩࢆぢ┤ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ㈨※ࡢ ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ໬ࢆ㐍ࡵࡓࠋࡲࡓ9 ࡘࡢ࣒ࢽࢩࣆ࢜ࡢ ௦⾲ࡀཧຍࡋࡓᆅᇦ㈨※ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿᶵ఍ࢆタࡅࡓࠋ ྛ࣒ࢽࢩࣆ࡛࢜ࡣࠊᆅᇦ㈨※Ⓨ᥀άື࡟ཧຍࡋࡓ࢔ ࢡࢱ࣮ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࠊ2010 ᖺ 10 ᭶㡭࠿ࡽࠕᆅᇦຊྥୖ ࣘࢽࢵࢺࠊUMPC( Unidad Municipal para Patrimonio Comunitario)ࠖࡀ TURISOPP ࢳ࣮࣒ࡢᣦᑟ࡛⤌⧊ࡉ ࢀጞࡵࡓࠋUMPC ࡣࠊཧຍࡍࡿ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡸ⤌⧊ࠊά ືෆᐜࡶ␗࡞ࡿࡀࠊձᆅᇦ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀ༠ຊࡋ࡚ᆅᇦ㈨ ※ࢆ෌ホ౯ࡋࠊಖ඲ࡸά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆពᅗࡋ࡚⤌⧊ ࡍࡿࠊղᆅᇦࡢ≉ᚩࡸࠕᛮ࠸ࠖࢆ཯ᫎࡉࡏࡓࠕ࣒ࢽ ࢩࣆ࢜ࣈࣛࣥࢻࠖࢆ๰ฟࡋࠊලయⓗ࡞᪑⾜ၟရࡸࢧ ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ㛤Ⓨ࣭ᨵၿ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࠊճཧຍ⪅ࡣ⫋ົ࡛ ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⮬ࡽ❧࡚ࡓィ⏬ࡸ᪉㔪࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ ࢕࢔࣮࣋ࢫ࡛ࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࠊ ࡜࠸࠺ඹ㏻Ⅼࢆᣢࡘࠋ2012 ᖺ 5 ᭶ࡲ࡛࡟ 9 ࡘࡢ UMPC ࡀࣉ࢚ࣝࢺࣉࣛࢱ┴ෆ࡟⤌⧊ࡉࢀࠊ180 ࡢᆅ ᇦ⤌⧊ࡀཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྛUMPC ࡀᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࣃ࢖ࣟ ࢵࢺࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢෆᐜࢆ⾲1 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ ⾲㸯803& ࡢࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢෆᐜ ฟᡤ➹⪅సᡂ

㸱㸬ศ ᯒ

஦ᴗࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢศᯒ࡜ホ౯ UMPC άືࡢ୰࠿ࡽࠊᆅᇦ㈨※࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕⰼࠖ࡟ ὀ ┠ ࡋ ࡓ ά ື ࢆ 㐍 ࡵ ࡿ ࣟ ࢫ ࣭ ࢖ ࢲ ࣝ ࢦ ࢫ(Los Hidalgos)ᕷࡢ஦౛ࢆࠊ๓㏙ࡢᩜ⏣࡯࠿(2009)ࡢࠕほ ගࡢ㛵ಀᛶࣔࢹࣝࠖࢆ⏝࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝ ࡣࠊᆅᇦ㈨※࡜ほගᐈࢆほග࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵ಀ࡙ࡅ ࡿ࠿࡟╔┠ࡋࡓࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊձ㈨※໬࣭ ၟရ໬࡜ࣈࣛࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࠊղࡑࢀࢆᥦ౪࣭㈍኎ࡍࡿ ࡓࡵࡢ࣐࣮ࢣࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࠊճほගᐈࡢཷࡅධࢀ࡜ࢧ࣮ ࣅࢫᥦ౪ࠊմࡑࡇ࠿ࡽᚓࡓࡶࡢࢆᆅᇦ(㈨※)࡬㑏ඖ ࡢ4 ࡘࢆほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚♧ࡋࠊࡲࡓ ࡑࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ௙⤌ࡳࢆࠕ୰㛫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠖ ࡜ࡋ࡚఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᚑࡗ ࡚ࠊྠᕷࡢࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆศ ᯒࡋࠊほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ᥎㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢ♧၀ࢆᚓࡓࠋ ࣟࢫ࣭࢖ࢲࣝࢦࢫᕷࡢ஦౛ศᯒ ࣟࢫ࣭࢖ࢲࣝࢦࢫᕷࡣࠊࢧ࣭ࣥࣇ࢙ࣜ࣌ᕷ࠿ࡽ༡ す࡟50km 㞳ࢀࡓᒣ㛫㒊࡟࠶ࡿࠊ࢝࢝࢜ࡸ᯿ᶲ㢮ࡢ ㎰ᴗࡀ⏘ᴗࡢ୰ᚰࡢࠊேཱྀ13,500 ேࡢ࣒ࢽࢩࣆ࡛࢜ ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋほග⏘ᴗࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᾏᓊ㒊࡟⾜ࡃほගᐈ ࡢ㏻㐣Ⅼ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᆅᇦఫẸࡣほග࡟ὀ ┠ࡋ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࢧ࣭ࣥࣇ࢙ࣜ࣌ᕷ㑹እࡢ ࣜࢰ࣮ࢺ࣍ࢸࣝ㛵ಀ⪅ࡶほග㈨※ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ྠᕷ࡬ࡢ 㛵ᚰࡣᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ྠᕷ࡛ࡢࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㛤ጞࡣ2011 ᖺ 8 ᭶࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎTURISOPP ࢳ࣮࣒ࡢᣦᑟ࡛ UMPC ᅗ ᆅᇦ㈨※෌Ⓨぢ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ ฟᡤ➹⪅᧜ᙳ

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ࡀ⤖ᡂࡉࢀࠊࠕᆅᇦ㈨※෌Ⓨぢ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ(ᅗ 2)ࠖ ࢆ㛤ദࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ2 ᅇ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ ࡟ࡣࠊᆅᇦࡢ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡀᘏ࡭85 ேཧຍࡋࠊ᪥ᖖ⏕ά ࡛ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⨾ࡋ࠸ⰼࠕ࢔࣐࣏࣮ࣛࠖࡢ ౯್ࢆ෌ㄆ㆑ࡋࠊά⏝ࡍ࡭ࡁᆅᇦ㈨※࡟㑅ᐃࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᒣ୍㠃࡟࢔࣐࣏࣮ࣛࡀဏࡃᬒほࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊ ࠕ࢔࣐࣏࣮ࣛࡢဏࡃᆅࠖ࡜࠸࠺࣒ࢽࢩࣆ࢜ࣈࣛࣥࢻ ᵓ⠏ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㛵ಀᛶࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㈨ ※໬ࠖ(๓㏙ࡋࡓ㛵ಀᛶࣔࢹࣝࡢձࣈࣛࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࣉ ࣟࢭࢫ)࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊ࠸ࡗࡓࢇ㈨※໬ࡉࢀࡓ࢔࣐࣏࣮ࣛࡣࠊUMPC ࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡛㞟ࡲࡗࡓᆅᇦࡢዪᛶࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ࡼࡿᡭ ᕤⱁရ〇㐀ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࠊ࢔࣐࣏࣮ࣛࡢⰼࢆ࢖࣓ ࣮ࢪࡋࡓᡭᕤⱁရ࡜ࡋ࡚ၟရ໬ࡉࢀࡓ(ᅗ 3)ࠋࡇࢀࡣ ࠕၟရ໬ࠖ(ࣔࢹࣝࡢձࡢࣈࣛࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࣉࣟࢭࢫ) ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ┴ෆእࡢⱝ࠸⏨ዪࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋࡓࠕᜊࠖ ࢆࢸ࣮࣐࡜ࡋࡓࣇ࢙࢔ࢆࠊ࢔࣐࣏࣮ࣛࡢဏࡃ2012 ᖺ2 ᭶࡟㛤ദࡋࠊ2 ᪥㛫࡛⣙ 4,000 ேࡢཧຍ⪅ࢆ㞟ࡵ ࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࣔࢹࣝࡢղࡢ࣐࣮ࢣࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠾ ࡼࡧճࡢほගᐈࡢཷࡅධࢀ࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿࠋ ᅗ 〇㐀ࡉࢀࡓᡭᕤⱁရ ฟᡤ➹⪅᧜ᙳ ࢔࣐࣏࣮ࣛࢆࠕࡶ࡜ࡢ㈨※≧ែࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࠖ㈍኎ࡍ ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᡭᕤⱁရ࡟ࠕኚ᥮ࠖࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㈨ ※ࡢ㧗ᗘ฼⏝࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᡭᕤⱁရ࡜ࡋ࡚㈨※໬ ࡸၟရ໬࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ㈍኎࡛ࡁ࡞ࡅࢀࡤᡂᯝ࡟ࡣ ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣࠊ ࣇ࢙࢔㛤ദࡶ୪⾜ࡋ࡚⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᡭᕤⱁရࡢPR ࡸࣈࣛࣥࢻ໬ࡢᙉ໬ᶵ఍ࢆᚓࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ほගᐈ࡬ࡢ ㈍኎ᶵ఍ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࠊேࡀ᮶ゼࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿ ほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ฼Ⅼࡀ⏕࠿ࡏࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈨※ ໬࡜ၟရ໬(ࣈࣛࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࣉࣟࢭࢫ)࠿ࡽほගᐈࡢ ཷࡅධࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀࠊほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ᥎㐍୺ య࡛࠶ࡿUMPC ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⤫ྜⓗ࡟㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢ࡛ຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ(ᅗ 4)ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊዪᛶࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ࢔࣐࣏࣮ࣛᡭᕤⱁရ〇㐀ࡣࠊ ほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࠿ࡽ⊂❧ࡋࠊẸ㛫஦ᴗ ໬ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀ㛫᥋ⓗ࡟ᆅᇦேᮦ⫱ᡂࠊࡘࡲ ࡾ෌ᢞ㈨࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡣ㧗࠸ࠋᚓࡽࢀࡓ ཰ධࢆᩍ⫱ࡸᢏ⾡ྥୖ࡟㑏ඖ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ ࡽࡔࠋࡓࡔࡋ⌧ᅾࡣࠊTURISOPP ࢳ࣮࣒࡟ࡼࡿእ㒊 ᨭ᥼ࡀ෌ᢞ㈨ࡢ௦ࢃࡾࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᅗ ほගࡢ㛵ಀᛶࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ 803& άືࡢᩚ⌮ ฟᡤ➹⪅సᡂ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࣟࢫ࣭࢖ࢲࣝࢦࢫᕷࡢ஦౛࡛ࡣࠊ ᩜ⏣࡯࠿(2009)ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࣔࢹ࡛ࣝᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྛ ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㐃ືࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᆅᇦ㈨※ࡢຠ ᯝⓗ࡞฼⏝࡟⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ᝿ᐃ ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊ」ᩘࡢ஦ᴗࠊᡭᕤⱁရ〇㐀࣭㈍኎࡜ ほගᐈࡢཷࡅධࢀ࡜࠸࠺ࣇ࢙࢔ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜ ࡛ࠊ㛵ಀᛶࣔࢹࣝࡀ┠ᣦࡍ୍㐃ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆຠᯝⓗ ࡟ᐇ⌧ࡋࠊほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ฼Ⅼࢆ⏕࠿ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ୰㛫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ 803& ࡢᙺ๭࡜ホ౯ ࣟࢫ࣭࢖ࢲࣝࢦࢫᕷࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣᆅᇦ࡟࠶ ࡿࠕࡶࡢࠖࡢ㈨※໬࡜ၟရ໬(ࣈࣛࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࣉࣟࢭ ࢫ)ࠊࡑࡋ࡚㈍኎࡜ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪(࣐࣮ࢣࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࣉ ࣟࢭࢫ)ࡀࠊほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ୍㐃ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ 㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢάືࡢ୰ᚰࡣࠊTURISOPP ࢳ࣮࣒ ࡢᨭ᥼ࢆཷࡅࡓUMPC ࡛࠶ࡿࠋUMPC ࡣࠊᆅᇦ㈨※ ࡢ㧗ᗘ฼⏝ࡢࡓࡵࡢ௙⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᆅᇦࡢ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮

(7)

ࡀ」ᩘཧຍࡋ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᩜ⏣࡯࠿ (2012)ࡀࠕ୰㛫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠖ㸶)_{࡜࿧ࡪࠊ㈨※࡜฼⏝⪅ࡢ} 㛫࡟❧ࡘάືࡸ⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࠖ㸷) ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ஦౛࡛ࡶࠊࡇࡢ୰㛫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀྛ ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆㄪᩚ࣭ಁ㐍ࡋࠊ඲యࢆ⟶⌮ࡍࡿᙺ๭ࢆᢸ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୰㛫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᆅᇦ⤌ ⧊ࡸ௙⤌ࡳࡢᚲせᛶࡣ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊ ࡑࡢᡂ❧᮲௳ࡸ㐠Ⴀࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ ࠕࣈࣛࢵࢡ࣎ࢵࢡࢫࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ゝཬࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ᮏ஦౛࡛ࡶ᫂☜࡞ศᯒࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊእ㒊⪅࡛ ࠶ࡿᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ㈉⊩ࡣ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋࣟࢫ࣭࢖ࢲࣝࢦࢫᕷࡢ ஦౛࡛ࡣࠊほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࢆຠᯝⓗ࡟ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ ᑓ㛛ᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆಁ㐍ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ ࡢ࠿ࡀ㛵ಀᛶࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ୍㈏ᛶࡢ ࠶ࡿᨭ᥼ࡀᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ࡛ࡣࠊ๓㏙ࡋࡓᡭᕤⱁရ〇㐀ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᡂຌࡋ࡚஦ᴗ໬(཰ධࡢࡓࡵࡢ⏕ᴗ໬) ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡶ⏕ࡌࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡢᡂᯝ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊලయⓗᡂᯝࡀฟࡿ࡟ᚑ࠸ࠊUMPC ࡟ཧຍ࡛ࡁࡓᆅᇦ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮࡜ࠊཧຍ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓᆅ ᇦ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮㛫࡟ࡣᕪࡀ⏕ࡎࡿࠋ㎰ᮧ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ࣏ࢫ ࢺ⏕⏘୺⩏ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡋࡓ❧ᕝ(2005)ࡀᣦ᦬ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡣࠕ㎰ᮧ✵㛫ࡢၟရ໬ࠖ࡬ࡢᑐ ᛂ࡟ಶேࡸ⤌⧊㛫࡛ᕪࡀ⏕ࡎࡿࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ෆ㒊 ࡢࠕࣔࢨ࢖ࢡ໬ࠖࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᕪࡢⓎ ⏕࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊᆅᇦෆࡢ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮㛫ࡢබᖹᛶ࡜ᆅᇦㄢ㢟ゎỴࡢඃඛࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄪᩚࡍࡿ࠿ࡀࠊUMPC ࡢ ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࣟࢫ࣭࢖ࢲࣝࢦࢫᕷࡢUMPC ࡟ࡼࡿほ ගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡣࠊJICA ࡢᨭ᥼஦ᴗ࡞ࡢ࡛ᡂᯝࡀୖࡀ ࡗ࡚ᙜ↛࡜࠸࠺ぢ᪉ࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓᑓ㛛ᐙࢳ ࣮࣒࡛࠶ࡿTURISOPP ࢳ࣮࣒ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿእ㒊⪅࡟ࡼ ࡿ♫఍ⓗ࡞࢔࣮࢟ࢸࢡࢳࣕࡢタィ㸯㸮)ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ ࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᣦ᦬ࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᆅ ᇦఫẸྠኈࡀࠊ♫఍ⓗ᤼㝖ゎᾘࡸ⏕άࡢ㉁ྥୖࡢࡓ ࡵ࡟㐍ࡵࡿࠕࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࠖࡣࠊᆅ ᇦእࡢᨭ᥼⤌⧊ࡸ⾜ᨻ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤᡂຌࡋ࡟ ࡃ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆMoulaeert(2010)ࡀᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᨭ᥼ࡀ ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ≉Ṧ࡞᮲௳࡜ࡋ࡚ྰᐃࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ UMPCࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰㛫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ࡛ᡂ ᯝࢆୖࡆࡿ࡟ࡣࠊຠᯝⓗ࡞እ㒊⪅ࡢά⏝ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊάືෆᐜࡀከᵝ࡞ほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ ࡛ࡣࠊᆅᇦෆࡢேᮦࡢᣢࡘࣀ࢘ࣁ࣭࢘ᢏ⬟ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ ᏶⤖ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃࠊࡴࡋࢁ୰㛫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢆ㛤タࡋࠊእ㒊⪅ࢆྵࡴᆅᇦෆ እࡢ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡢᣢࡘከᵝ࡞▱㆑ࡸࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࢆ⤖ྜࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ㒔ᕷ άᛶ໬ࡢࠕ๰㐀ᛶࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࣔࢹࣝࠖࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࣛࣥࢻ࣮ࣜ(2003)ࡣࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡟㇏࠿࡞㒔ᕷ㒊࡛࠶ࡗ ࡚ࡶࠊᆅᇦෆࡔࡅ࡛㒔ᕷࡢάᛶ໬ࡀ᏶⤖ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࡣࠊ୰㛫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿ UMPC ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊᆅᇦእ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶᵓ⠏ࢆ ᅗࡿࡓࡵࡢᆅᇦ୺య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᆅᇦ࡟ࡼࡿ 803& άືࡢ⥔ᣢྍ⬟ᛶ ḟ࡟ࠊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ⤊஢ᚋࡶUMPC ࡀᆅᇦ࡟ࡼࡗ ࡚⮬ᚊⓗ࡟⥔ᣢྍ⬟࠿࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⪃ᐹࡋࡓ࠸ࠋᅜෆእ ࢆၥࢃࡎࠊእ㒊⪅ࡢᨭ᥼⤊஢ᚋࡶほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾά ືࡀ⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡣ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋⴌⱆᮇ࠿ࡽ ᡂ㛗ᮇࢆ⤒࡚⤊஢ᮇ࡟ྥ࠿࠺♫఍㐠ືࡢࣛ࢖ࣇࢧ࢖ ࢡࣝࢆMartinelli(2010)ࡀᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊほගᆅᇦ ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟ࡶࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜௬ᐃࡍࢀࡤࠊ ࣛ࢖ࣇࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡢࠕ⤊஢ࠖࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼࡚⥔ᣢࡍࡿ௙ ⤌ࡳࡀᐇ⿦ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡢ1 ࡘࡀࠊ9 ࡘࡢ࣒ࢽࢩࣆ࡛࢜ྠ᫬࡟㐍 ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿUMPC άືྠኈࡢࠕ➇த࡜஺ὶࠖ࡜࠸ ࠺┦஫㛵ಀ࡙ࡃࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡣ୍⯡࡟ ᫬㛫࡜ᡭ㛫ࡢ࠿࠿ࡿάື࡛࠶ࡾࠊእ㒊ࡢᨭ᥼⪅࡟࡜ ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ≉ᐃࡢᆅᇦ࡟ᨭ᥼ࢆ㞟୰ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲ ࡋ࠸ࠋᅜෆࡢ஦౛ࢆぢ࡚ࡶࠊ࠶ࡿᆅᇦ࡟≉໬ࡋࡓ౛ ࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡛(ほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ◊✲఍(2005)࡞࡝ከ ᩘ)ࠊᙜヱ஦౛ࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ」ᩘࡢほග ᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾάືࢆྠ᫬࡟᥎㐍ࡍࡿ஦౛ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୍ぢຠ⋡ࡀᝏࡃぢ࠼ࡿほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ ྠ᫬᥎㐍࡛ࠊ➇த࡜஺ὶ࠿ࡽࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀ⏕ࡌࡿሙ

(8)

ྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣࠊྛᕷࡢUMPC άືࡣಶู࡟㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊUMPC ཧຍ⪅ࡀ㞟 ྜࡋ࡚άືࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿᶵ఍ࡀࠕᐃᮇⓗࠖ࡟タࡅࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㞟ࡲࡗࡓ఍ሙ࡛␗࡞ࡿᕷࡢ࢔ࢡ ࢱ࣮ྠኈࡀ஺ὶࡋࠊ࠾஫࠸ࡢάືࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡾࠊࣀ ࢘ࣁ࢘ࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓࡾ࡛ࡁࠊUMPC 㛫ࡢ➇தព㆑࡜▱ ㆑ඹ᭷ᶵ఍ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᯇᑿ(2009)ࡣࠊ⤌⧊Ꮫ ⩦࡜ࡣࠊࠕಶேࡸ⤌⧊ࡀ⋓ᚓࡋࡓ▱㆑ࡀ࣮ࣝࢳࣥ࡜ࡋ ࡚ᐇ⾜ࡉࢀࡓࡾࠊྰᐃࡉࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚ᐃ╔ࡋࠊཧຍ⪅ ࡀࡑࢀ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚⾜ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࡔ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ UMPC ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ⤌⧊Ꮫ⩦ࡀ㐍ࢇࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊTURISOPP ࢳ࣮࣒ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡀྛ UMPC ࢆ ᨭ᥼ࡍࡿ୰࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡢࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࢆ ௚ࡢUMPC ࡬ఏ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡇࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀಁ㐍ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋእ㒊⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡟ࡣࠊほගᆅᇦ࡙ ࡃࡾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑ఏᤵࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ௚ࡢUMPC άື࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱㆑ࢆࠕ፹௓ࠖࡍࡿ⤌⧊Ꮫ⩦ࡢಁ㐍 ࡢᙺ๭ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ㏫࡟UMPC ഃ࠿ࡽぢࢀࡤࠊTURISOPP ࢳ࣮࣒ࡢᣢࡘ▱㆑ࢆ⌧ሙࡢ㈨※ࡸ▱㆑࡜㐃⤖ࡋ࡚⤌ ⧊ⓗ࡟ά⏝ࡍࡿሙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ୍᪉ࠊࣟࢫ࣭࢖ࢲࣝࢦࢫᕷࡢዪᛶࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢࡼ࠺ ࡟ࠊᡭᕤⱁရ〇㐀ࡢ஦ᴗ໬ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡶฟ࡚ࡁ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ࠿ࡽ᥇⟬ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ஦ᴗࡀ⏕ ࡳฟࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࠕ࡟ࡂࢃ࠸๰ฟࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᢳ㇟ⓗ ࡞ຠᯝࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᆅᇦ⤒῭࡬ࡢ㈉⊩࡜࠸࠺ලయ ⓗ࡞ᡂᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⤒῭ຠᯝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊబ⸨ (2003)ࡀ㏙࡭ࡿཧຍᆺ㛤Ⓨࡢ๪ḟⓗ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡟ࡶὀ ┠ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࣟࢫ࣭࢖ࢲࣝࢦࢫᕷ࡛ࡣ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡛ࡣࡵࡗࡓ࡟఍ ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓᆅᇦࡢዪᛶࡓࡕࡀࠊUMPC άື࡛ ᪂ࡓ࡟஺ὶࡋጞࡵࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸯㸯)_{ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ} ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ྠኈࡢ஺ὶ࠿ࡽࠊᡭᕤⱁရࡢ〇㐀࡜࠸࠺᪂ ࡓ࡞ほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾάືࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣዪᛶࡓࡕ ಶேࡢ⬟ຊ㛤Ⓨࡢ⤖ᯝࡔࡀࠊᆅᇦ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋࡓࡀ฼⏝ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓಶேࡢ⬟ຊࡢࠕάᛶ໬࡛ࠖࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ูࡢぢ᪉ࢆࡍࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ಶே࡟ᖐᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ(ಶ ேࡔࡅࡀ฼⏝ྍ⬟ࡔࡗࡓ)⬟ຊࢆࠕ♫఍໬ࠖࡋ࡚ࠊᆅ ᇦ♫఍࡛ᙺ❧࡚ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊUMPC άືࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡣࠊ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔࡟ ࡼࡿ㐠Ⴀࠊࡘࡲࡾᮏே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ(↓ൾࡢ)๪ᴗ࡛㐍 ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ௻ᴗ⤌⧊ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ ஦ᴗ᥎㐍ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶከ࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ ཰ධ┠ⓗࡢࠕ⏕ᴗ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᆅᇦࡢ᪤ᚓᶒ┈ ࡸࡋࡀࡽࡳ࠿ࡽ⮬⏤࡛࠶ࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡶከࡃࠊ ༢⣧࡟⏕ᴗ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ㑅ᢥࡔࡅࡀඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ๪ᴗࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡟ࡣࠊᩜ⏣(2010) ࡀᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕࣁ࣮ࣇࢩࣇࢺࠖ㸯㸰)ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ๪ᴗ ࡛ࡢᐇ㦂ⓗᏛ⩦ࢆᮏᴗ࡟⏕࠿ࡋࡓࡾࠊᮏᴗࡢᑓ㛛ᛶ ࢆ๪ᴗ࡟⏕࠿ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡶࡕࢁࢇࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ⚟ᓥ(2010)ࡀ㏙࡭ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ ኻᩋࡀච㈐ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠕᐇ㦂ⓗ㡿ᇦࠖ㸯㸱)_ࡢ๰ฟࡀ ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊUMPC ࡣ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡀ๪ᴗ࡜ࡋ࡚άື ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊάື࡟࠾ࡅࡿኻᩋࡢච㈐ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀ㧗ࡃࠊ ⮬⏤࡞Ⓨ᝿࡛ほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࢆ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ⤫ྜⓗホ౯ࡢᥦ᱌ ࡇࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆྵࡵࠊほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾάືࡢ ホ౯᪉ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨࡣࠊᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾάືࡢ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞⥔ᣢ ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋホ౯⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽάືࢆᨵၿࡋࠊ ࡼࡾࡼ࠸ほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࢆᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ஦౛࡛ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾᡂᯝࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿάືࡣ 㛵ಀ⪅࡟㧗ࡃホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⌧ᅾࡣᡂᯝ ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ࡣᡂᯝ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿά ືࡢホ౯ࡣపࡃ࡞ࡾࡀࡕࡔࡗࡓࠋࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢὴ 㐵ᑓ㛛ᐙࡶࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓάືࡢホ౯࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢᝎࡳࢆ ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣟࢫ࣭࢖ࢲࣝࢦࢫᕷࡢࣇ࢙࢔ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ ࠕ┠࡟ぢ࠼ࡿᡂᯝࠖࡣ☜࠿࡟ホ౯ࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ ࡋࠊᡭᕤⱁရࡢ〇㐀ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿዪᛶࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᢏ ⬟ྥୖ࡞࡝ࠊほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ࡛ᑗ᮶ⓗ࡞ᡂᯝࢆ⏕ࡴ ▱㆑ࡸᢏ⾡ࡢ✚ࡳୖࡆࡣࠊ୙ྍど࡛ホ౯ࡉࢀ࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋ ᡂᯝࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢ‽ഛࡸࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘㛤Ⓨ࡞࡝ࡢࠕぢ࠼ ࡞࠸⵳✚ࠖࡣ㔜せࡔࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡢホ౯᪉ἲ࡛ࡣࠊࣀ࢘ ࣁ࢘ࡢ⵳✚࡞࡝ࡀపࡃホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ ࡇࡢぢ࠼࡞࠸⵳✚ࡣࠊᡂᯝ๰ฟࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞ࠕࢥ ࢫࢺࠖ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊᑡ࡞࠸᪉ࡀຠ⋡ⓗࡔ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ

(9)

ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊලయⓗ࡞ᡂᯝࢆ୰ᚰ࡟UMPC ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾάືࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ࡜ၥ㢟ࡀ㉳ࡁࡿࠋᆅ ᇦάື࡛ࡣࠊぢ࠼࡞࠸⵳✚ࡶ↓㥏࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࠶ࡿព ࿡࡛ࡣ₯ᅾ⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡿࠕᆅᇦຊࠖ࡜࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽࡔࠋู ࡞ゝ࠸᪉ࢆࡍࢀࡤࡑࢀࡣࠕࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝ࢟ࣕࣆࢱࣝࠖ 㸯㸲)_{࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡑࡢᏑᅾࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᡂᯝࡀ⏕} ࡎࡿࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡣࡑࢀࢆᐇឤࡸホ౯ࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸ࠕ₯ᅾⓗ ࡞㈨ᮏࠖࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ௒ᅇࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢ₯ᅾⓗ࡞㈨ᮏᙧᡂ ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࡢࡀUMPC ࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡢ ࡓࡵࠊ₯ᅾⓗࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶ࡜ࠊᐇ㝿࡟ᡭᕤⱁရ ࡢ〇㐀ࡸ㈍኎ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐇឤ࡛ࡁࡿᡂᯝࢆ⤫ྜࡋࡓࠊ ࠕάື඲యࡢホ౯ࠖࡀᮃࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲ ࡛ࡣࠊᆅᇦάື࡟࠾ࡅࡿ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࡢホ౯࡜ࠊ 㢧ᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᡂᯝࡢホ౯ࢆ⤫ྜࡋ࡚ホ౯࡛ࡁࡿ᪂ࡓ ࡞ホ౯ᡭἲࢆᥦ᱌ࡍࡿࠋ ࡲࡎࠊᛶ㉁ࡀ␗࡞ࡿᡂᯝࢆྠ᫬࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ ఱࡽ࠿ࡢࠕ⤫୍ᛶࠖࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠕ㈚೉ ᑐ↷⾲ࠖࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆ᥼⏝ࡋࡓࠋ୍⯡ࡢ㈚೉ᑐ↷⾲ࡣࠊ ᅗ5 ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᕥྑ࡟࠶ࡿࠕ㈨⏘ ྜィࠖ࡜ࠕ㈇മ࣭㈨ᮏྜィࠖࡀ㔮ࡾྜࡗ࡚⾲ࡀ᏶ᡂ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⾲ࡢ㈇മࡸ㈨ᮏ࡞࡝ࡢ኱㡯┠ࢆᆅᇦ άື࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡓࡶࡢࡀᅗ6 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᅗ6 ࡛ࡣࡲࡎࠊUMPC ࡬ࡢࠕ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢཧຍࠖࢆ ࠕ㈨ᮏቑຍࠖ࡜ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ(յ)ࠋḟ࡟ࠕእ㒊ࡢᑓ㛛 ᐙ࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫࡸᢏ⾡⛣㌿ࠖࡣࠊእ㒊࠿ࡽ▱㆑ ࡸᢏ⾡ࢆ୍᫬ⓗ࡟⛣㌿ࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ㈨ᮏ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ ࠕ㈇മࠖࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ(մ)ࠋ୍᪉ࠊUMPC ࡛ࡢ㆟ ㄽࡸ㢖⦾࡞㞟఍ࡢ㛤ദ࡞࡝ࡢࠕάືࡢ඘ᐇࠖࢆࠊ┠ ࡟ࡣぢ࠼࡞࠸ࡀὶື㈨⏘࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿ(ձ)ࠋࡲࡓᐇ㝿࡟ ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓᡭᕤⱁရࡸࣇ࢙࢔㛤ദ࡞࡝ࠕぢ࠼ࡿᡂ ᯝࠖࡣᅛᐃ㈨⏘࡜ᤊ࠼ホ౯ࡍࡿ(ղ)ࠋ㏻ᖖࡢほගᆅ ᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢᅛᐃ㈨⏘㒊ศࡔࡅࡀホ౯ࡉࢀࡿ ࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ⧞ᘏ㈨⏘࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿࡢࡀ㏵୰ ⤒㐣࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᡂᯝရ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ẁ㝵ࡢᡂᯝ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ‽ഛ୰ࡢࣇ࢙࢔ࡸ㛤Ⓨ୰ࡢᡭᕤⱁရ࡞࡝ࠊ ᑗ᮶ᡂᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ලయ໬ࡍࡿࠕ㏵୰ࡢᡂᯝ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ(ճ)ࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㈨⏘ࡢ㒊࡜㈇മࡢ㒊ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆ ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᇶᮏ࡛࠶ࡿṧ㧗ヨ⟬⾲࡛ࠊ⌧ᅾࡢᡂᯝ࡜ ぢ࠼࡞࠸(ᑗ᮶ࡢᡂᯝ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ)ᡂᯝࢆྠ᫬࡟♧ࡍ ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊእ㒊࠿ࡽࡢᨭ᥼࡜ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡟ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࠊໟᣓⓗ࡟ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ᣲࡆࡓホ౯᪉ἲࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ヨ᱌࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ NPO άືࡢホ౯࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡀᩜ⏣(2004)࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᥦ᱌ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࡢ஦౛࡛☜ㄆࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࢀࡤࠊほ ගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊ⤒῭ⓗຠᯝ࡜๪ḟⓗ࡞ࠕ㠀 ⤒῭ⓗຠᯝࠖࢆྠ᫬࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢ ホ౯ヨ᱌ࡢ⢭⦓໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ௻ᴗ఍ィ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⌧ᅾ ᴗ⦼࡜㈨⏘ࡸᅛᐃ㈨⏘࡟ࡼࡿᑗ᮶ⓗ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࢆྠ᫬ ࡟⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊUMPC ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ほග ᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾάືࡢホ౯࡟ࡶ㐺ᛂྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

㸲㸬⤖ ㄽ

௨ୖࠊᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜ࡛JICA ࡢᨭ᥼ ஦ᴗ࡜ࡋ࡚㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡢࣉࣟࢭ ࢫࢆほගࡢ㛵ಀᛶࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ศᯒࡋࡓࠋᑐ㇟࡜ ࡋࡓྠᅜࡢࣉ࢚ࣝࢺࣉࣛࢱ┴ࡢほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࣉࣟ ᅗ 803& άືࡢホ౯ヨ᱌ ฟᡤ㸧୧ᅗ࡜ࡶ➹⪅సᡂ ㈇മ䛾㒊㈨⏘䛾㒊㈨⏘ྜィ㈇മ䞉㈨ᮏྜィ ὶື㈨⏘ ᅛᐃ㈨⏘ ὶ ື 䞉 ᅛ ᐃ ㈨ ⏘ ὶື㈇മ䞉ᅛᐃ㈇മ ㈇ മ ㈨ ᮏ ㈨ᮏ㻔ฟ㈨㔠㻕 ⧞ᘏ㈨⏘ 㻔㛤Ⓨ㈝䛺䛹㏵୰⤒㐣㻕 ᅗ ㈚೉ᑐ↷⾲ࡢᇶᮏᵓ㐀㈨⏘ྜィ㈇മ䞉㈨ᮏྜィ䐟㼁㻹㻼㻯άື䛷䛾㆟ㄽ䜔㞟 ఍䚸䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽ᙧᡂ䛺䛹䛾ぢ䛘䛺䛔ᐇ⦼ 䐠䝃䞊䝡䝇䜔ၟရ䛾㈍኎䚸䝣䜵䜰㛤ദ䚸䝒䜰䞊ᐇ᪋䛺䛹䛾ぢ䛘䜛ᡂᯝ ὶື 䞉 ᅛᐃ ㈨⏘ 䐢㼀㼁㻾㻵㻿㻻㻼㻼䝏䞊䝮䛾ᑓ㛛ᐙ 䛻䜘䜛ᨭ᥼䜔䜰䝗䝞䜲䝇䚸䛭䛾 ௚䛾ᨭ᥼ ㈇മ ㈨ᮏ 䐣㼁㻹㻼㻯䛾䝯䞁䝞䞊ᩘ 䛸ከᵝᗘ䛾ቑຍ 䐡㏵୰䛾ᡂᯝ㻔௒䛿䜎䛰ᡂᯝ䛷䛿䛺䛔䛜䚸ᑗ᮶ⓗ䛻䛿ᡂᯝ䛻䛺䜛ᡂᯝ㻕

(10)

ࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡣࠊᆅᇦ㈨※ࡢ㈨※໬࣭ၟရ໬ࠊࣈࣛࣥ ࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࠊࡉࡽ࡟㈍኎ࡸほගᐈࡢཷࡅධࢀࡲ࡛ࢆ UMPC࡜࠸࠺୰㛫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀ⤫ྜⓗ࡟᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ᙜヱࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡣࠊࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼ ࡗ࡚ࠕタィࠖࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀඹ᭷࡛ࡁ࡚࠾ ࡾࠊὴ㐵ᑓ㛛ᐙࡢᨭ᥼ᡓ␎ࡶ❧࡚ࡸࡍ࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ྠࡌ┴ෆ࡛」ᩘࡢほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡀྠ᫬࡟᥎㐍ࡉࢀ ࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ┦஫ࡢάື㛫ࡢ➇த࡜஺ὶ࠿ࡽ⤌⧊Ꮫ⩦ ࡶ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊUMPC ࡜࠸࠺⤌⧊ࡸάື࡟ ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ೵⁫ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᆅᇦෆࡢ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮ࡢ㐃ᦠࡸ஺ ὶࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋUMPC ࡣᩜ⏣࡯࠿ (2012)ࡀ୺ᙇࡍࡿࠊ୰㛫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࢆᣢ ࡘほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡢࡓࡵࡢࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢホ౯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࡢල యⓗ࡞ᡂᯝ࡜₯ᅾⓗࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ࡞ᡂᯝࢆྠ᫬࡟ホ౯ࡍ ࡿᡭἲࢆᮏㄽᩥ࡛♧၀ࡋࡓࠋ௒ᚋࡣࠊほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃ ࡾࡢ᥎㐍࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰㛫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᵓ⠏ ࡸ⥔ᣢࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࠊࡑࡢᵓ⠏ᨭ᥼ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛ࡣఱࡀᚲ せ࠿ࢆศᯒࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢㄪᰝ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࡈ༠ຊ㡬࠸ࡓJICA 㛵ಀ⪅ࠊTURISOPP ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢ᪉ࠎ࡟ឤ ㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ

̿̿̿ ὀ ̿̿̿

㸯㸧ほගࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾ࡜ࡣࠊࠕほගࢆࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ㺀ᡭẁ㺁࡜ࡋ࡚ ౑࠸ࠊᆅᇦࡢ⮬↛⎔ቃࡸᩥ໬ࢆ㈨※໬ࡋ࡚㞟ᐈࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ ᆅᇦࢆάᛶ໬ࡍࡿᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ୍✀࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ㸦ᩜ⏣࡯࠿ 2009㸧ࠋ

㸰㸧TURISOPP ࡜ࡣ“Proyecto Turismo Sostenible basado en la Participación de Publico-Privada ࡢ␎࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸱㸧እົ┬ᨻᗓ㛤Ⓨ᥼ຓᅜูࢹ࣮ࢱࣈࢵࢡ2011 ᖺ 㸦http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/shiryo/kuni/11_databo ok/pdfs/06-19.pdf accessed 2012.8.15㸧 ࡟ࡼࡿࠋ 㸲㸧ほගᐈᩘ࡜ࡣࠊᅜෆࡢ✵ ࡟฿╔ࡍࡿእᅜே࠾ࡼࡧᅜእ ࡟ᒃఫࡍࡿࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ேࡢྜィ࡛࠶ࡾࠊCTO㸦Caribbean Tourism Organization㸧࠾ࡼࡧࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜ୰ኸ㖟⾜ࡀⓎ⾲ ࡍࡿほග㛵㐃⤫ィ ࡟ࡼࡿࠋ 㸳㸧ᕷෆࡢ࣍ࢸࣝᐈᐊᩘ11,000 ᐊࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ⣙ 8 ๭ࡀ㑹እ࡟❧ ᆅࡍࡿ࣮࢜ࣝ࢖ࣥࢡ࣮ࣝࢩࣈᆺࣜࢰ࣮ࢺ࣍ࢸ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸴㸧ࠕࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜᐁẸ༠ຊ࡟ࡼࡿ㇏࠿࡞ほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࣉ ࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ஦ᴗ㐍ᤖ≧ἣሗ࿌᭩㸦2㸧࡛ࠖࡣࠊ ᆅᇦຊࢆࠕᆅᇦࡀ⮬ࡽࡢᆅᇦ㈨※ࡢ౯್ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋࠊឡࡋᏲ ࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆᆅᇦࡢእ࡟Ⓨಙࡍࡿຊࠖࡔ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸵㸧ࡇࡢሙྜࡢ࢔ࢡࢱ࣮࡜ࡣࠊ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓ⤌⧊ࡢ 㛵ಀ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋヲࡋࡃࡣࠗࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜᐁẸ༠ຊ࡟ࡼࡿ ㇏࠿࡞ほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ஦ᴗ㐍 ᤖሗ࿌᭩㸦2㸧࠘ࢆཧ↷ࡢࡇ࡜ࠋ 㸶㸧ᆅᇦ㈨※࡜ᐦ᥋࡟ࣜࣥࢡࡍࡿࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡀࠕ୰㛫 ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ㈨※⟶⌮㸦฼⏝࡜ಖ඲)ࡢࡓࡵ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿ⤌⧊ࡸ௙⤌ࡳࡔ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᩜ⏣࡯࠿2012㸧ࠋ 㸷㸧ᩜ⏣࡯࠿㸦2012㸧࡛ࡣࠊࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢆࠕ」ᩘࡢ࢔ ࢡࢱ࣮ࡀཧຍࡋࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡸ஺ὶࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ ┦஫࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋྜࡗ࡚ఱࡽ࠿ࡢࡶࡢࡸ౯್ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍሙࡸࡋ ࡃࡳ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸯㸮㸧ࠕ࢔࣮࢟ࢸࢡࢳࣕࠖ࡜ࡣࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ᕤᏛศ㔝࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀ ࡓ⏝ㄒ࡛ࠊࠕ㒊ရࢆ࡝࠺㓄⨨ࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ࡛ ࡝࠺ࡘ࡞ࡄ࠿࡜࠸࠺タィᛮ᝿ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸦⸨ᮏ 2003㸧ࠖࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋ᭱㏆ࡣࠊ♫఍⌧㇟࡬ࡢࡇࡢ⏝ㄒࡢ฼⏝ࡀ㐍ࡳࠊ㕥ᮌ 㸦2009㸧ࡣࡑࢀࢆࠕ᝟ሗᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⮬ᕫỴᐃࢆಁࡍ௙⤌ ࡳࠖࡔ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ࢔࣮࢟ࢸࢡࢳࣕ ࡣ඲యീࡸ඲యࢆタィࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸯㸯2012 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 29 ᪥࡟ⴭ⪅ࡀᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ⪺ࡁྲྀࡾㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡿࠋ 㸯㸰㸧ࠕࣁ࣮ࣇࢩࣇࢺࠖ࡜ࡣࠊ୺ࡓࡿ⫋ሙ࡛ປാࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑ ࢀ࡜㛵㐃ࡍࡿศ㔝࡛ࡢάື࡟୺యⓗ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡘࡲࡾࠊ᭷ൾປാ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕άࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡘࡘࠊࡑࡢ௙஦࡜ 㛵㐃ࡢ࠶ࡿศ㔝࡛ᑓ㛛ᛶࢆⓎ᥹ࡋ࡚άືࡋࠊ඘ᐇࡋࡓ᫬㛫 ࢆ㐣ࡈࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ♫఍ཧຍࡶࡍࡿാࡁ᪉ࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸯㸱㸧⚟ᓥ㸦2010㸧ࡣࠊࠕᐇ㦂ⓗ㡿ᇦࠖ࡜ࡣࠊಖㆤࡉࢀࡓ⎔ቃ ࡛ࡢ᪋⾜ࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡔ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣኻᩋࡢච㈐ࡀ ἲⓗࠊ⤒῭ⓗࠊ᫬㛫ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡔ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸯㸲㸧ࠕࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝ࢟ࣕࣆࢱࣝࠖ࡜ࡣࠊ♫఍࢖ࣥࣇ࡛ࣛࡣ࡞ࡃ Putnam et al. 㸦1993㸧࡞࡝ࡀᥦၐࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠊ♫఍ࡀᶵ⬟ࡍ ࡿࡓࡵࡢே㛫㛵ಀࡸಙ㢗ࠊ࣮ࣝࣝࢆᣦࡍ㸦బ⸨࡯࠿ 2002㸧ࠋ

ʊʊʊ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ ʊʊʊ

Bramwell, Bill and Cox, Vicky,(2009)ࠕStage and path dependence approaches to the evolution of a national park tourism

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࣮࢞ࣅࣥ㸻A=ࢹ࢖ࣅࢵࢻ㸦2000㸧ࠕ➨3 ❶ ࠕᏛ⩦ࡍࡿ⤌⧊ࠖ ࡢᵓ⠏ࠖ, ࠗࢼࣞࢵࢪ࣭࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࠘, Harvard Business Review ⦅, ࢲ࢖ࣖࣔࣥࢻ♫, pp.70-108. ⸨ᮏ㝯ᏹ㸦2003㸧ࠗ⬟ຊᵓ⠏➇த̿᪥ᮏࡢ⮬ື㌴⏘ᴗࡣ࡞ࡐᙉ ࠸ࡢ࠿࠘୰ኸබㄽ᪂♫, 406p. ⚟ᓥ┿ே㸦2010㸧ࠗᏛ⩦ࡢ⏕ែᏛ ࣜࢫࢡ࣭ᐇ㦂࣭㧗ಙ㢗ᛶ࠘, ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍, 374p. JICA࣭࢔࢖࣭ࢩ࣮࣭ࢿࢵࢺᰴᘧ఍♫㸦2010㸧ࠗࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ ᅜᐁẸ༠ຊ࡟ࡼࡿ㇏࠿࡞ほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ ࣉ ࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ஦ᴗ㐍ᤖሗ࿌᭩㸦2㸧࠘, 49p. ほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ◊✲఍㸦2005㸧ࠗほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ࢝ࢱࣟࢢ୍ᆅ ᇦ୍ほග࡟ࡼࡿᆅᇦ᣺⯆࠘, ほගᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ◊✲఍⦅, ኱ᡂ ฟ∧♫, 158p. ᑠᓥᘅග࡯࠿㸦2008㸧ࠕNPO㸪ᨻᗓ㸪௻ᴗ㛫ࡢᡓ␎ⓗ༠ാ㸫㟝 ከᕸ‵ཎࢺࣛࢫࢺ࡜໭ᾏ㐨ࢢ࣮ࣜࣥࣇ࢓ࣥࢻࠖ, ࠗ⤒῭Ꮫ◊ ✲࠘, 57(4), pp.35-100. ࣛࣥࢻ࣮ࣜ=ࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ㸦2003㸧ࠗ๰㐀ⓗ㒔ᕷ㸫㒔ᕷ෌⏕ࡢࡓ ࡵࡢ㐨ල⟽࠘, ᪥ᮏホㄽ♫, 372p.

Matarrita-Cascante, D., Brennan, M.A. and Luloff, A.E.㸦2010㸧 ࠕCommunity agency and sustainable tourism development: the case of La Fortuna, Costa Ricaࠖ, ࠗJournal of Sustainable Tourism࠘,18(6), pp.735-756.

Martinelli, F.㸦2010㸧ࠕHistorical Roots of Social Change: Philosophies and Movementsࠖ, ࠗCan Neighbourhoods Save the City? Community Development and Social Innovation (Regions and Cities)࠘, Routledge, pp.17-48.

ᯇᑿ╬㸦2009㸧ࠗᏛ⩦ࡍࡿ⑓㝔⤌⧊㸫ᝈ⪅ᚿྥࡢᵓ㐀໬࡜࣮ࣜ ࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࠘, ྠᩥ⯓ฟ∧, 284p.

Moulaert, F. et al.㸦2010㸧ࠕSocial Innovation and Community Development: Concepts and Theoriesࠖ, ࠗCan Neighbourhoods Save the City? Community Development and Social Innovation (Regions and Cities)࠘, Routledge, pp.4-16.

Putnam, R.D., Leonardi, R. and Nnanetti, R.㸦1993㸧ࠗMaking Democracy Work: civic traditions in Modern Italy࠘, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 258p.

బ⸨ᐶ㸦2003㸧ࠕཧຍᆺ㛤Ⓨࡢࠕ෌᳨ウࠖࠖ, ࠗཧຍᆺ㛤Ⓨࡢ ෌᳨ウ࠘, బ⸨ᐶ⦅, ᪥ᮏ㈠᫆᣺⯆఍࢔ࢪ࢔⤒῭◊✲ᡤ, ᮾ ி㒔, 209p. బ⸨ᐶ࡯࠿㸦2002㸧ࠗࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝ࢟ࣕࣆࢱࣝ࡜ᅜ㝿༠ຊ㸸ᣢ ⥆ࡍࡿᡂᯝࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠙⥲ㄽ⦅ࠚ࠘, ᅜ㝿༠ຊ஦ᴗᅋ࣭ᅜ㝿 ༠ຊ⥲ྜ◊ಟᡤ, 69p. 㛵㇂㞝୍㸦2010㸧ࠗࡸࢃࡽ࠿࡞㛤Ⓨ࡜⤌⧊Ꮫ⩦㸫ࢽࢪ࢙࣮ࣝࡢ ⌧ሙ࠿ࡽ࠘, ᫓㢼♫, 361p. ࢭࣥࢤ㸻ࣆ࣮ࢱ࣮㸦2011㸧ࠗᏛ⩦ࡍࡿ⤌⧊ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᛮ⪃࡛ᮍ ᮶ࢆ๰㐀ࡍࡿ࠘, ⱥ἞ฟ∧, 581p. ᩜ⏣㯞ᐇ㸦2004)ࠕ๰ᡂᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸Ꮫ⩦ࣔࢹࣝࡢᥦ᱌ 㸫ࢧ࣮࢟ࢵࢺࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࡜ࡑ ࡢホ౯᪉ἲ㸫ࠖ, ࠗᖹᡂ 16 ᖺᗘᕤᏛ࣭ᕤᴗᩍ⫱◊✲ㅮ₇఍ ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟࠘, pp.653-654. ᩜ⏣㯞ᐇ㸦2010㸧ࠕᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ๰㐀ⓗ࡞ാࡁ᪉࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࣁ࣮ࣇࢩ ࣇࢺࡢᥦ᱌㸫⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㞄᥋㡿ᇦ ࡛ࡢ↓ൾປാࠖ, ࠗ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠘, (8), pp.27-38. ᩜ⏣㯞ᐇ࡯࠿㸦2009㸧ࠗほගࡢᆅᇦࣈࣛࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ㸫஺ὶ࡟ࡼ ࡿࡲࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࡢࡋࡃࡳ㸫࠘, ᩜ⏣㯞ᐇ࣭ෆ⏣⣧୍࣭᳃㔜ᫀ அ⦅, Ꮫⱁฟ∧♫, 190p. ᩜ⏣㯞ᐇ࣭᳃㔜ᫀஅ࣭୰ᮧኋ୍㑻㸦2012㸧ࠕ୰㛫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᙺ ๭ࢆᣢࡘᆅᇦࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡢᚲせᛶ࡜ࡑࡢᵓ㐀ศᯒࠖ, ࠗᅜ㝿ᗈሗ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࣭ほගᏛࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ࠘, (14), pp.23-42. Ston, M. and Wall, G.㸦2003㸧ࠕEcotourism and community

development: Case studies from Hainan, Chinaࠖ,ࠗEnvironmental Management࠘, 33(1), pp.12-24. 㕥ᮌㅬ௓㸦2009㸧ࠕタィࡉࢀࡿពḧ㸫⮬Ⓨᛶࢆᘬࡁฟࡍ࢔࣮࢟ ࢸࢡࢳࣕࠖ, ࠗᛮ᝿ᆅᅗ vol.3 ≉㞟࣭࢔࣮࢟ࢸࢡࢳࣕ࠘, ᮾ ᾈ⣖࣭໭⏣ᬡ኱⦅,᪥ᮏᨺ㏦ฟ∧༠఍, pp.110-135. ❧ᕝ㞞ྖ㸦2005㸧ࠕ࣏ࢫࢺ⏕⏘୺⩏࡬ࡢ⛣⾜࡜㎰ᮧ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕࡲ ࡞ࡊࡋࠖࡢኚᐜࠖ, ࠗᾘ㈝ࡉࢀࡿ㎰ᮧ㸫࣏ࢫࢺ⏕⏘୺⩏ୗ ࡢࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞㎰ᮧၥ㢟ࠖ࠘, ᪥ᮏᮧⴠ◊✲Ꮫ఍⦅, ㎰ᒣ⁺ᮧᩥ ໬༠఍, pp.7-40. ྜྷ⏣Ⰻ⏕࡯࠿㸦2005㸧ࠗᕷẸ࣭௻ᴗ࣭⾜ᨻࡢ༠ാ࡟ࡼࡿ๰㐀ⓗ ᆅᇦ࡙ࡃࡾ࠘ᮅ᪥኱Ꮫ⏘ᴗ᝟ሗ◊✲ྀ᭩, (8), ᡂᩥᇽ, 220p.