ཎⴭ
⥲ྜ᳨ᰝ63,ࡢ㛤Ⓨ⤒⦋
̿ ᖺ௦ࡽ ᖺ௦ࡲ࡛ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚̿
ᐑ♸ ᪥ᮏᕤᴗᏛᕤᏛ㒊 せ⣙㸸ᮏㄽᩥࡢ┠ⓗࡣ᪂つᏛ༞⪅ࡢ᥇⏝ヨ㦂࠾࠸࡚ᖜᗈࡃ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⥲ྜ᳨ᰝSPI ࢆࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢ㛤Ⓨࡢ⤒⦋ࢆ⌮ㄽⓗ᰿ᣐ࡞ࡗࡓᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ▱㆑↷ࡽࡋྜࢃࡏ࡚⤒ ⓗᩚ⌮ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡇࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪1960ᖺ௦ࡽ1990ᖺ௦ࡅ࡚SPIࡀᬑཬ ࡋࡓ4ࡘࡢ⌮⏤ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ ➨1㸪ᴗ➼ࡀ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕ⮬⏤ᛂເࠖࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡾጞࡵࡓࡇࢆ⫼ᬒࡋ࡚ᩘከࡃࡢ ᛂເ⪅ࡢ୰ࡽ㐺ࡋࡓேᮦࢆຠ⋡Ⰻࡃ㑅ᢤࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨2㸪 ⾜ື⛉Ꮫࡢ▱㆑ࡀᴗ⤒Ⴀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨3㸪᥇⏝ᢸᙜ⪅ࡀ SPIࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ᚰ⌮ⓗၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿேࢆ㑅ࡾศࡅࡿ㝿㸪⛉Ꮫ ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ṇᙜࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ㸪㠃᥋ヨ㦂SPIࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ ά⏝࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪㠃᥋⪅ࡣᛂເ⪅ࡢSPIࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡗ࡚㉁ၥෆᐜࢆㄪᩚࡍ ࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 㸦࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸࢟ࣕࣜ㛤Ⓨ㸪⫋ົ㐙⾜⬟ຊ㸪ᚰ⌮᳨ᰝ㸧The historical development of the synthetic personality inventory ɆɆ Focusing on the 1960s-1990s ɆɆ
Yu Ninomiya
Faculty of Engineering, Nippon Institute of Technology
Abstract: The purpose of this article was to summarize the development process of the Synthetic Personality Inventory (SPI) in the point of view of a knowledge of psychology. The SPI came into widespread use in recruitment examinations for university students and vocational college students from the 1960s through the 1990s. There are four reasons.
Firstly, employers had to select qualified people from a large pool of applicants effectively. Applicant numbers were increasing rapidly since university student and vocational college student populations surged at the time. In addition, students became able to apply freely any kind of job offer. Secondly, behavioral sciences tended to be applied to business administration and management. Most business managers trusted the SPI, as it was founded on applied psychology. Thirdly, some hiring staff could eliminate mentally handicapped applicants by using the SPI results and justify it by claiming of scientific results. Finally, the SPI could be utilized in an individual interview examination. In other words, some interviewers could adjust the questions according to the SPI results of an applicant.
(Keywords: career development, job performance, psychological test) ၥ㢟┠ⓗ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࠾ࡅࡿᑵ⫋ᨭࡢࠕ⌧ሙࠖ ࠾࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢ1ࡘࡀ➹グヨ㦂ᑐ⟇ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚲࡎࡋࡶ➹グヨ㦂ࡢࡳ࡛᥇ྰࡀỴᐃࡉ ࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡾࢃࡅ㑅ᢤᗘࡀప ࠸ᶵ㛵࡛ࡣ➹グヨ㦂ࡢ࠺ࡕ⬟ຊ᳨ᰝ⯡ࡘ ࠸࡚ࡢᑐ⟇ࢆ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪㑅ᢤᗘࡀ㧗ࡃࡶᩥ⛉⣔ ࡢᏛ㒊࣭Ꮫ⛉ࢆከࡃ᭷ࡍࡿᶵ㛵࡛ࡣ⬟ຊ᳨ᰝࡢ ୰ࡢ㠀ゝㄒศ㔝⛠ࡉࢀࡿ⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛࡢศ㔝 ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᑐ⟇ࢆᚲせࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠋṇㄢࡢ࢟ࣕ ࣜᩍ⫱ࡢᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚ᩍဨࡀ➹グヨ㦂ࡢ⦎ ⩦ࢆᢸᙜࡋࡓࡾ㸪ṇㄢእࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࠾࠸࡚ ேᮦࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᴗࡸሿ࣭ணഛᰯ࠸ࡗࡓᑓ㛛ࡢᴗ ⪅ࡀࡑࢀࢆ㐠Ⴀࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑓ㛛ࡢᴗ⪅ࡀ 㛵ࢃࡿሙྜ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡣṇつࡢᤵᴗᩱ㏣ຍࡋ࡚ཷ ㅮᩱࢆᨭᡶ࠺ᚲせࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪 Ꮫ⏕ࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿᴗ➼ࡣ㸪➹グヨ㦂ࡢ࠺ࡕゝ ㄒศ㔝㸪㠀ゝㄒศ㔝࠸ࡗࡓㄆ▱ⓗ⬟ຊࡢࡳ࡞ ࡽࡎ㸪ᛶ᱁ഴྥ㛵ࡍࡿタၥࡶ༑ศ࡞ὀពࢆ ᡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵 ࡼࡿᑐ⟇ࡑࡢຠ ᯝ㸪ᴗ➼ࡢ⏝ᐇែࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ‽ ഛసᴗࡋ࡚㸪ࡲࡎࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᚲࡎࡋࡶ༑ศ ࡣ᫂ࡽࡣࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ➹グ ヨ㦂ࡢᡂ❧ࡢ⤒⦋ࢆ㸪ࡑࡢ㛤Ⓨࡢ⌮ㄽⓗ᰿ᣐ ࡞ࡗࡓᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ▱㆑↷ࡽࡋྜࢃࡏ࡚⤒ⓗ ᩚ⌮ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ ➨ḟୡ⏺ᡓᚋ㸪ࠕேࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࠖ㸦⤒ Ⴀே࠾࠸࡚ᢅࢃࢀࡿᗈ⩏ࡢே ᐃ࣭ே ホ౯⯡1)㸧ࡢ୍⎔ࡋ࡚᪂つᏛ༞⪅ࡢ᥇⏝ࢆ ┠ⓗࡍࡿ⬟ຊ᳨ᰝࡸᛶ᱁᳨ᰝࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀ⥆ࡅ ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ⏘ᴗ࣭⤌⧊ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡸᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ ▱㆑ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ᴗ➼ࡢ᥇⏝άື㈨ࡍࡿ᳨ ᰝࡢᡂࡀ┠ᣦࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᴗ⤒Ⴀࡢᐇ ㊶㡿ᇦ࠾࠸࡚㸪ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ▱㆑ࡀ✚ᴟⓗ⏝ ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓṔྐⓗ⤒⦋ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿ2)ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ྛ✀᳨ᰝࡢ⌮ ㄽⓗ⫼ᬒࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡣỴࡋ࡚ᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞ ࠸ࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᴗ➼ࡣࡑࢀࢆཷᐜࡍࡿ ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠ㸪㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࠾ࡅࡿᏛ ⩦ᡂᯝࡢᣦᶆࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ≧ἣ࠾ ࠸࡚㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ᳨ᰝࡣࡑࢀࢆ௦᭰ࡍࡿᶵ⬟ࢆ࠶ ࡿ⛬ᗘᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡇࢁ࡛㸪㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᅾᏛ⪅ࡢᑵ⫋άືࡸᴗ ➼ࡢ᥇⏝άືࡢ㐣⛬ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ࢚ ࣮ࣜࢺẁ㝵ࡽ࣐ࢫẁ㝵ࡢ⛣⾜㸪ࡉࡽࣘࢽ ࣂ࣮ࢧࣝẁ㝵ࡢ✺ධ㸪ᴗ➼ࡢேⓗ㈨※⟶⌮ ࡢ┠ⓗ࣭ᡭẁࡢኚᐜࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡘࡘ㸪ᐇド ⓗ࡞◊✲ࡀ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ3)ࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡇ ࠺ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣࠕ⮬ᕫศᯒࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ẚ㍑ⓗ᪂ࡋ ࠸㑅ᢤ᪉ἲࡸ㸪ࠕࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢱ࣮ࠖไᗘࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࡑࡢ㐣⛬ࡀ㒊እ⪅ࡣぢ࠼࡞࠸㑅ᢤ᪉ἲ╔ ┠ࡍࡿ࠶ࡲࡾ㸪⬟ຊ᳨ᰝࡸᛶ᱁᳨ᰝ࠸ࡗࡓఏ ⤫ⓗ࡞㑅ᢤ᪉ἲ㛵ᚰࢆྥࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡞ࡗ ࡓࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶ⬟ຊ᳨ᰝࡸᛶ᱁᳨ᰝࡢጇᙜᛶ㸪ಙ 㢗ᛶ࡞ࡢ⌮ㄽⓗ⫼ᬒࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ 㛤Ⓨࢆᑟࡋࡓᚰ⌮Ꮫ⪅ࢆእࡋ࡚㸪ᴗ➼㸪 ࡉࡽࡣ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࠾࠸࡚࢟ࣕࣜᨭ ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿᑓ㛛ᐙࡗ࡚ࡶᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪⬟ຊ᳨ᰝࡸᛶ᱁᳨ᰝࡣࡑࡢ᭷ຠ ᛶࡀ༑ศ࡞Ỉ‽࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠸࠺ ၥࢆᢞࡆࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇࡢ࡞࠸ࡲࡲཷᐜ ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ◊✲ࡢ㡿ᇦ㸪♫ࡢ㡿ᇦ ࡢ┦స⏝ࡢ࡞࡛ṇᙜࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ ࡞࠾㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺ ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦⌧ᅾࡢࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺ࣭ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ๓㌟㸧 ࡀ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡋ ࡓ SPI 㸦 Synthetic Personality Inventory㸸⥲ྜ᳨ᰝ㸧ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿὀ 1)ࠋ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࠾ࡅࡿᑵ⫋ᨭࡢ ࠺ࡕ㸪⬟ຊ᳨ᰝࡸᛶ᱁᳨ᰝ㛵ࡍࡿ⦎⩦ࢆࠕSPI ᑐ⟇ࠖ⥲⛠ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺㸪SPIࡣࡑ ࡢ✀ࡢ᳨ᰝࡢ࠺ࡕ᭱ࡶ᭷ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣྠ ᴗ♫ࡶ᳨ᰝᴗཧධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪SPI ࡣ㛗ᖺࡢ◊✲㢳ᐈᴗࡢ༠ຊࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡉࡽ 㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ✚ࡢཌࡉ࠸࠺⌮⏤ ࡼࡗ࡚ᅽಽⓗᕷሙࢆ༨᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⌧Ⅼ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ➨3∧࡛࠶ࡿSPI3ࡀ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣSPIࡢᬑཬࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ ╔┠ࡍࡿࡓࡵ➨1∧↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪SPI
ࡼࡾࡶྂࡃࡽᏑᅾࡍࡿ⡿ᅜປാ┬ࡢ⫋ᴗ㐺 ᛶ ᳨ ᰝ ࢆ ࡶ ࡋ ࡚ స ࡽ ࢀ ࡓGATB㸦General Aptitude Test Battery㸸ປാ┬⦅୍⯡⫋ᴗ㐺ᛶ᳨ ᰝ㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ⌮ㄽⓗᇶ┙ࡀ᫂ࡽࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᅾᏛ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ ᴗ➼ࡢ᥇⏝ヨ㦂࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿᶵࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ ୍᪉㸪SPIࡢ⌮ㄽⓗᇶ┙ࡣ᫂グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪ከࡃࡢᴗ➼࡛⏝࠸ ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡾࢃࡅ㸪⬟ຊ᳨ᰝẚ࡚ᛶ᱁ ᳨ᰝࡢ⌮ㄽⓗᇶ┙ࡣ࡛᫂࠶ࡿ࠺࠼㸪ࡑࡶࡑ ࡶ᥇⏝ࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿ᳨ᰝ࠾࠸࡚ᛶ᱁᳨ᰝࡀ ᚲせ࡞ࡿ⌮⏤ࡶ⮬᫂࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ ࡇ࡛㸪≉ᴗ➼ࡼࡗ࡚㔜どࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓᛶ᱁ ᳨ᰝ╔┠ࡋ࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ◊✲⏝࠸ࡓ㈨ᩱࡣ㸪ࡋ࡚SPIࡢ㛤Ⓨ 㝿ࡋ࡚බ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ⏘ᴗ࣭⤌⧊ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡸᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮ Ꮫࡢㄽᩥ᪥ᮏࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮Ⓨ⾜ࡢ㞧 ㄅグ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⌮⏤ࡣSPIࡢ᳨ᰝࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪 ≉ᛶ᱁᳨ᰝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣྛ✀ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ▱㆑ࢆ ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪SPIࡣ୍Ẹ㛫 ᴗࡼࡗ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽ㸪 බ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሗࡣᴟࡵ࡚㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ ࡇ࡛㸪⬟ຊ᳨ᰝࡸᚰ⌮᳨ᰝ㛵ࡍࡿ᪂⪺ሗ㐨ࡸ ⮬ᕫၨⓎ᭩ࡶᚲせᛂࡌ࡚ᑐ㇟ຍ࠼ࡿࡶࡢ ࡍࡿࠋ 63,㸦6\QWKHWLF3HUVRQDOLW\,QYHQWRU\㸸 ⥲ྜ᳨ᰝ㸧ࡢ㛤Ⓨᬑཬ 63,௨๓ ᴗ࠾࠸࡚㧗➼ᩍ⫱ಟ⪅ࡢ᥇⏝ࡀᐃ ╔ࡋጞࡵࡓ1920ᖺ௦ࡽ➨ḟୡ⏺ᡓᮇࡲ ࡛㸪ࡑࡢ㑅ᢤࡢ᪉ἲࡣ᭩㢮㑅⪃ࡸ㠃᥋ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ4)ࠋ᪉㸪ᖺᑡ⪅ࡢ⫋ᴗᣦᑟࡢሙ㠃࡛ ࡣᚰ⌮᳨ᰝࡀヨࡳࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢ୰ᚰࡣ▱⬟ ࢸࢫࢺࡸ⫋ᴗ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᙜࡢ᪥ᮏ ࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ ᐃ◊✲ࡢ➨୍ே⪅࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⏣୰ ᐶ୍ࡣ㸪ேᮦࡢ㓄ศ࠾࠸࡚▱⬟ࢸࢫࢺࡢࡳ࡞ ࡽࡎࠕពⓗ≉㉁ࠖࢆࡶ⪃៖ࡋࡓ᳨ᰝࡀᚲせ࡛ ࠶ࡿᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪▱⬟ࢸࢫࢺẚࡋ ࡚ࠕពⓗ≉㉁ࠖࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ᳨ᰝࡢ㛤Ⓨࡣ㐍ࡲ ࡞ࡗࡓ5)ࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࠕពⓗ≉㉁ࠖࡢ ᐃࡣᚋᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋᡓᚋ㸪⡿ᅜ ࡽᛶ᱁᳨ᰝࡀᚰ⌮Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㐺ᛂࠖࡢᴫᛕ ୍⥴⛣ධࡉࢀ࡚㸪▱⬟ࡸ㐺ᛶࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪 ᛶ᱁㸪⯆㸪ឤ࠸ࡗࡓࡇࡀࡽࡀ ᐃࡢᑐ ㇟ࡋ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ㄆ㆑⮳ࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ6)ࠋ ᴗ➼ࡢ᥇⏝άື࠾ ࠸࡚㔜どࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡶࡢࡣᩍ⫱♫Ꮫࡼࡿᐇド◊✲ࡸ࣐ࢫ࣭࣓ࢹ ࡼࡿሗఏ㐩࠾࠸࡚ࠕᏛṔ⩏ࠖ⾲ ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺7)㸪ᏛṔ࣭ᏛᰯṔ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡣ࠸࠼㸪ࡶࡕࢁࢇᏛṔ࣭ᏛᰯṔࡢࡳ࡛᥇⏝ࡢ ྍྰࡀỴᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㠃᥋㸪㌟య ᳨ᰝ㸪➹グヨ㦂➼ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ1960ᖺ௦ᙜ 㸪ᴗ࠾࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ➹グヨ㦂ࡣ୍⯡ ᩍ㣴ၥ㢟ࡸၥ㢟ࢆゎ⟅ࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓࠋ᪤㏙ࡢGATB㸪㠀⬟ຊⓗ㐺ᛶࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡶ ࡢࡋ࡚YGᛶ᱁᳨ᰝ㸦▮⏣㒊࣭ࢠࣝࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ ᛶ᱁᳨ᰝ㸧➼8)㸪ࡉࡽ㸪⢭⚄᳨ᰝ࡛࠶ࡿෆ⏣ ࢡ᳨ࣞ࣌ࣜࣥᰝࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡑࢀࡽ ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿᴗ➼ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶከ࠸࠸࠺ࢃࡅ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓὀ2)ࠋ 63,ࡢ㛤Ⓨ̿ ᖺ௦㹼 ᖺ௦ SPI㛤Ⓨࡢၥ㢟ࡣᚑ᮶ࡢ➹グヨ㦂ࡢෆᐜࡀ࠸ ࠸ຍῶ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡸ㸪㠃᥋ࡢホ౯ࢆᢸᙜ⪅ࡢ࢝ ࣥࡸࢥࢶ㢗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ලయⓗࡣ ḟࡢ4Ⅼࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨1㸪ㄒᏛࡸᑓ㛛 Ꮫ⛉㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟㸪ၥ㢟㸪୍⯡ᩍ㣴ࢆၥ࠺ ➹グヨ㦂ࡣࢀࡶಙ㢗ᛶ࣭ጇᙜᛶࡀపࡃࡑࡶࡑ ࡶసၥࡢᡭ㡰ࡀ༴࠺࠸࠺࠼㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡣཷ㦂⪅ ࡢᑗ᮶ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ ࠸ࠋ➨2㸪㠃᥋ヨ㦂ࡣࣁ࣮ࣟຠᯝࡸࠕㄽ⌮ⓗ ㄗࡾࠖࡢὀពࢆḞ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨3㸪▱⬟᳨ ᰝࡣ⫋ົୖࡢᚲせࡅ㞳ࢀࡍࡂ㸪ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࢸ ࢫࢺⓗせ⣲ࡀᙉࡃ㸪ᘚูຊࡀᙅ࠸ࠋ➨4㸪ᛶ ᱁᳨ᰝ࡛ࡣࢇࡀෆ⏣ࢡ᳨ࣞ࣌ࣜࣥᰝࢆ ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡑࢀࡣࡑࡶࡑࡶ᥇⏝ヨ 㦂ࡢࡓࡵ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸9)ࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪 ⬟ຊ᳨ᰝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᳨ᰝࡢᑐ㇟⪅ࡀᑵࡃࡇ ࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ᑗ᮶ࡢ⫋ົࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪 ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⪅ࢧ࣮ࢫࢺࣥ㸦L. L. Thurstone㸧ࡼࡿ ⢭⚄⬟ຊࡢ7ᅉᏊㄝ➼ࢆཧ⪃ࡋ࡚᪂ࡓ࡞ࡶࡢ ࢆసᡂࡍࡿ࡞ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ᛶ᱁᳨ᰝࡘ࠸࡚
ࡣḟぢࡿࡼ࠺᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ SPIࡣ4✀㢮ࡢ᳨ᰝࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀ ࡽࡢ᰿ᣐ࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡣ⡿ᅜ࡛㛤Ⓨࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛ ࠸ࡓ」ᩘࡢᚰ⌮ ᐃࡢᴫᛕ㸪ᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪 ➨1᰿ᣐࢆ࠼ࡓࡶࡢࡀ1940ᖺ௦බ⾲ࡉࢀ ࡓMMPI 㸦 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory㸸࣑ࢿࢯࢱከ㠃ⓗே᱁┠㘓㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ MMPIࡣᇶ‽⩌⤫ไ⩌ࡢᛂ⟅ẚ㍑࠸࠺⤒ 㦂ⓗ᪉ἲࡼࡗ࡚సᡂࡉࢀࡓ㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㉁ၥ⣬ࡼࡿᚰ⌮᳨ᰝ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ1950ᖺ௦ᚋ༙ࡽ1960ᖺ๓༙ ࡅ࡚」ᩘࡢ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ⩻ ヂࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡓ10)ࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᮾிᏛࡢ◊✲ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀᚋSPIࡢ㛤Ⓨᦠࢃࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡇ ࡢ ࢢ ࣝ ࣮ ࣉ ࡣ ᪤ స ᡂ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓMMPIᮾ ∧ࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᨵゞࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ11)ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪 MMPIᮾ∧ࢆෆ⏣ࢡ᳨ࣞ࣌ࣜࣥᰝẚ㍑ࡋ ࡚㸪ᕤሙసᴗ⪅ࡢ㐺ᛶࢆ ࡿࡓࡵࡢ᭷ຠᛶࢆ᫂ ࡽࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ12)ࠋMMPIࡣᚰ⌮ ᐃࡢᴫ ᛕ㸪ᢏ⾡ࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡲ࡛▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓసᴗ᳨ ᰝἲࡸᢞᙳἲࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃ␗࡞ࡿ㉁ၥ⣬ἲ㸦┠ 㘓ἲ㸧ࡼࡿ᳨ᰝࡋ࡚㸪᪂ࡋ࠸᳨ᰝࡢ㛤Ⓨࡢ ཧ⪃ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪MMPIࡣ᪥ᮏ ࡢᩥ⬦ἢ࠺⩻ヂࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ⢭⚄ ་Ꮫࡢ㡿ᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⏝ࡉࢀࡿᶵࡣῶᑡ ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿὀ3)ࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛㸪13ᑻᗘ524㡯 ┠ࡽ࡞ࡿMMPIᮾ∧12ᑻᗘ120㡯┠ࡽ ࡞ࡿYGᛶ᱁᳨ᰝࢆᇶࡋ࡚㸪ࠕᏛ༞⪅ࢆ ᑐ㇟ࡋࡓேヨ㦂㸦ࡋ࡚᥇⏝ヨ㦂㸧⏝ࡢ ᛶ᱁᳨ᰝࡋ࡚ࠖࠕ(1)㐺ᛂ㠃࡛ࡢ೫ࡾ㸪ⓗ ഴྥ㸪␗ᖖഴྥ࡞ࡢデ᩿ண (2)㠃᥋ࡢ⿵ຓ ㈨ᩱ (3)ࡢ᳨ᰝ㸦⬟ຊ㸪ᛶ᱁etc.㸧ࡢ㛵ಀ ࠾࠸࡚㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝࡋ࡚ࡢᙺࠖࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇ ࢆࡡࡽ࠸ࡋ࡚ࠑRPI㸦ᛶ᱁≉ᛶ᳨ᰝ㸧ࠒࡀస ᡂࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ13)ࠋࠑRPI㸦ᛶ᱁≉ᛶ᳨ᰝ㸧ࠒ ࡣ⾜ືⓗഃ㠃ࡋ࡚㸪♫ⓗෆྥᛶ㸦SO㸧㸪 ෆ┬ᛶ㸦RE㸧㸪㌟యάືᛶ㸦AC㸧㸪ᣢ⥆ᛶ㸦PE㸧㸪 ៅ㔜ᛶ㸦CA㸧ࡢ5ᑻᗘ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪⥴ⓗഃ㠃 ࡋ࡚㸪ᩄឤᛶ㸦NE㸧㸪⮬㈐ᛶ㸦DE㸧㸪Ẽศᛶ 㸦EW㸧㸪⊂⮬ᛶ㸦IN㸧㸪⮬ಙᛶ㸦OA㸧㸪㧗ᥭ ᛶ㸦HM㸧ࡢ6ᑻᗘ㸪ྜィ11ᑻᗘࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ ࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ �1 4�����������1�����14) ឤぬ㸦S㸧 ┤ほ㸦N㸧 ᛮ⪃㸦T㸧 ឤ㸦F㸧 ឤ㸦F㸧 ᛮ⪃㸦T㸧 ෆྥ㸦I㸧ุ᩿㸦J㸧 ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
▱ぬ㸦P㸧 ISTP ISFP INFP INTP እྥ㸦E㸧
▱ぬ㸦P㸧 ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP ุ᩿㸦J㸧 ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ ෆྥ㸦I㸧Introversion㸪እྥ㸦E㸧Extroversion㸪ឤぬ㸦S㸧Sensing㸪 ┤ほ㸦㹌㸧Intuition㸪ᛮ⪃㸦T㸧Thinking㸪ឤ㸦F㸧Feeling㸪 ุ᩿㸦J㸧Judging㸪▱ぬ㸦P㸧Perception
➨ 2 㸪 1962 ᖺ බ ⾲ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ MBTI 㸦Myers-Briggs Type Indicator㸸࣐࣮ࣖࢬ-ࣈ ࣜࢵࢡࢫ࣭ࢱࣉᣦᶆ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶࡇࡢ MBTIࡣᚰ⌮Ꮫ⪅ࣘࣥࢢ㸦C. G. Jung㸧ࡢࢱࣉ ㄽࢆࡑࡢ㛤Ⓨࡢᡭࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣘࣥࢢࡣ ࡲࡎ㸪ࠑෆྥࠒࠑእྥࠒ࠸࠺2ࡘࡢ࠸ ᑐ❧ࡍࡿࢱࣉ╔┠ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪ࡉࡽࠕ㠀 ྜ⌮ⓗᶵ⬟ࠖࡋ࡚࠸ᑐ❧ࡍࡿࠑឤぬࠒ ࠑ┤ឤࠒ㸪ࠕྜ⌮ⓗᶵ⬟ࠖࡋ࡚࠸ᑐ❧ࡍ ࡿࠑᛮ⪃ࠒࠑឤࠒ࠸࠺ࢱࣉࢆᥦ㉳ࡋ࡚㸪 ࡑࢀࡒࢀ8ࡘࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡽ࡞ࡿࠕᶵ⬟ࢱ ࣉࠖࢆタᐃࡍࡿ15)ࠋMBTIࡣࡑࡢ3ࡘࡢᑐ❧ࡍࡿ ࢱࣉᑐࡋ࡚㸪ࡉࡽྠࡌࡃ࠸ᑐ❧ࡍࡿ ࠑ▱ぬࠒࠑุ᩿ࠒࢆ㏣ຍࡋ࡚⾲1♧ࡍࡼ࠺ ࡞16ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡛ᛶ᱁ࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࠋMBTI᪥ ᮏ∧ࡢసᡂࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚16,17)㸪ࡑࢀࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲ ࠑTI㸦ᛶ᱁㢮ᆺ᳨ᰝ㸧ࠒࡋ࡚⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋSPIࡶࡑࡢ16ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢆ㋃くࡍ ࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࠑRPI㸦ᛶ᱁≉ᛶ᳨ᰝ㸧ࠒࠑTI㸦ᛶ᱁ 㢮ᆺ᳨ᰝ㸧ࠒ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡞⬟ຊࢆᑐ㇟ࡍࡿ᳨ ᰝ࡛࠶ࡿࠑGAT㸦ᇶ♏⬟ຊ᳨ᰝ㸧ࠒ㸪㐩ᡂពḧ 㸦AM㸧άືពḧ㸦VI㸧ࡢ2ᑻᗘࡽᵓᡂࡉ ࢀࡿ᳨ᰝ࡛࠶ࡿࠑRMI㸦ࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩ᳨ࣙࣥᰝ㸧ࠒ ࢆຍ࠼࡚㸪1974ᖺSPIࡀᡂࡍࡿࠋ⾲2ࡣ1970 ᖺ௦๓༙ࡢ᥇⏝㛵ಀࡍࡿ᳨ᰝࡢ୍ぴ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡚㸪ࡇࡢ࡞ࡢ」ᩘࡢ᳨ᰝࡀ⤫ྜࡉࢀ࡚SPI ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪MBTIࡣࣘࣥࢢࡢ⪃࠼ ᪉ࢆཷࡅ⥅࠸࡛ᨭ㓄ⓗᶵ⬟⿵ຓⓗᶵ⬟࠸ ࠺ᴫᛕࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࠋឤぬ㸪┤ほ㸪ᛮ⪃㸪ឤࡢ
ᶵ⬟ࡣᖹ➼ാࡃࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ ࢀ1ࡘࡀᨭ㓄ⓗᶵ⬟㸪ࡑࡢ3ࡘࡣ⿵ຓⓗᶵ⬟ ࡛࠶ࡿࡍࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪SPI࠾࠸࡚ࡣ ࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣᤞ㇟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢁ࡛㸪㛤ⓎࡢᙜึࡼࡾᏲࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮ࣝ ࣝࡀࡑࡢᚋࡢSPIࡢᬑཬࡢ≉ᚩᑐࡋ࡚ࡁ࡞ ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇ࡞ࡿࠋᙜࡢ᪥ᮏࣜࢡ࣮ࣝ ࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺⾲᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ཝ㔜⟶⌮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᳨ᰝ⏝⣬ࢆ୍ᯛ࠶ࡓࡾఱ࡛ᕷ㈍ࡍ ࡿࡇࡣ㸪ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ᳨ᰝࡢ౯್ᶒጾࢆ⮬ࡽ ㋃ࡳࡌࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᕷ㈍ࡉࢀࡿ᳨ ᰝࡣ㸪ཷ㦂⪅ၥ㢟ࢆ▱ࡽࡏࡿࡇࢆពࡍ ࡿࡽ㸪᥇⏝ヨ㦂ࡢព⩏බᖹࡉࢆࡑࡇ࡞࠺ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺᘧ⬟ຊ᳨ᰝࡣ㸪ࡋࡓ ࡀࡗ࡚ᕷ㈍ࡢᙧᘧࡣࡽ࡞࠸18)ࠋ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪SPIࡢ᳨ᰝ⏝⣬ࡣእ㒊₃࠼࠸ࡋ࡞ ࠸ࡼ࠺⟶⌮ࡍࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶࡑ ࡢᏑᅾࡉ࠼ࡶබ㛤ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ᫂ᩥࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬࡇࡑࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸᳨ᰝࡢ≉Ⰽࡢ1ࡘ ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪㛤Ⓨ⪅ ௨እࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ࡣSPIࡢᏑᅾࡢ⛎༏ࢆၥ㢟どࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡓࠋ᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡣࡇࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸᳨ᰝ㛵 ࡍࡿᏛሗ࿌࠾ࡅࡿウ㆟ࡢ࡞࡛㸪᥇⏝ヨ㦂 ࡢᛶ᱁ୖබ⾲ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇࡀヰ㢟࡞ࡗࡓ ࠸࠺グ㘓ࢆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ19)ࠋ୍ᐃࡢ⛎ᐦಖᣢࡢ ᚲせᛶࡀᙇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡅࢀࡶ㸪ࡑࡢࡇ ࡀSPIࡢࠕྍどࠖࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ᳨ᰝࡢ㛤Ⓨ㛵ࡋ࡚ᴗ➼ ࠾ࡅࡿᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢᛂ⏝ࢆྍ⬟ࡋࡓせᅉࢆⅬ ᣲࡆࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪1960ᖺ௦ࡽ୍㒊 ࡢᴗࡢேᢸᙜ㒊⨫ࡀ㑅ᢤ㸪㓄⨨㸪⬟⋡㸪⑂ ປࡢ◊✲ᐇ㊶ࡢࡓࡵ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡢᚰ⌮Ꮫ ⛉༞ᴗ⏕ࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡇ㸪ḟ㸪 㟁Ꮚィ⟬ᶵࡢ⾗ࡼࡗ࡚ከኚ㔞ゎᯒࢆᐜ ᫆ᐇ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ20)ࠋ㉁ ၥ⣬ἲ㸦┠㘓ἲ㸧ࡢ᳨ᰝࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣᅉ Ꮚศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋSPIࡶᚰ⌮ᏛࢆᏛࢇ ࡔ◊✲⪅ࡼࡗ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ᙜ ึࡣᏛࡢ㟁Ꮚィ⟬ᶵࡀ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡓ ࠼ࡤ㸪ࠑTI㸦ᛶ᱁㢮ᆺ᳨ᰝ㸧ࠒࡢෆྥ㸦I㸧㸪 እྥ㸦E㸧࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪22ࡢ㉁ၥ㡯┠ࡢࡍ࡚ࡢ ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡘ࠸࡚257ࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘࢆồࡵ࡚㸪 ࡑࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘ⾜ิࢆᩘᏛⓗゎ࠸࡚ᅉᏊᐤ㸪 ᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࢆฟࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ21)ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺᥇ ⏝ࡸ㓄⨨㛵ࡍࡿᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢᛂ⏝㸪㟁Ꮚィ⟬ᶵ ࡼࡿᅉᏊศᯒ㸪ࡇࡢ୧⪅ࡀᚲせࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ �2 �������������������22) ����������� ศ 㢮 ࢸࢫࢺྡ 㐺⏝⠊ᅖ ᳨ᰝ 㛫 㸦ศ㸧 ᳨ᰝ᪉ἲ ▱ ⬟ ᳨ ᰝ ୍⯡▱ⓗ⬟ຊ᳨ᰝAU ᆺ ୍⯡▱ⓗ⬟ຊ᳨ᰝAH ᆺ ୍⯡▱ⓗ⬟ຊ᳨ᰝAG ᆺ ປ◊R100 ᡂே▱⬟᳨ᰝ ປ◊RK400 㧗⣭▱⬟᳨ᰝ ᪂ไ⏣୰A ᘧ▱⬟᳨ᰝ WAIS ᘧᡂே▱⬟デ᳨᩿ᰝ ༞ 㧗༞ 17 ṓ௨ୖ ୍⯡ ༞㸪⟶⌮⫋ ୍⯡ᡂே ୍⯡ᡂே 70 70 70 25 60 40 45 㞟ᅋᘧ 㞟ᅋᘧ 㞟ᅋᘧ 㞟ᅋᘧ 㞟ᅋᘧ 㞟ᅋᘧ ಶูᘧ ≉ Ṧ ⬟ ຊ ᳨ ᰝ ୍⯡ົ⬟ຊ᳨ᰝBS ᆺ ົ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝCA ᆺ ᶵᲔⓗ᥎⌮⬟ຊ᳨ᰝMR ᆺ 㺪㺽㺹㺖㺼㺵㺭㺎㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝPA ᆺ ປാ┬⦅࣭ᛶ⬟ู⫋ᴗ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝ ⏣◊ᘧົⓗ⫋ᴗ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝ ⏣◊ᘧᶵᲔⓗ⫋ᴗ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝ ປ◊ᘧᏳࢸࢫࢺ 㧗༞㸪▷༞ 㧗༞㸪▷༞ 16ṓ௨ୖͤ㸯 㧗༞௨ୖ ᡂே ᡂே ᡂே ᡂே 20 40 30 75 50 30 30 100 ⣬➹᳨ᰝ ⣬➹᳨ᰝ ⣬➹᳨ᰝ ⣬➹᳨ᰝ ⣬➹᳨ᰝͤ㸰 ⣬➹᳨ᰝ ⣬➹᳨ᰝ 㐠ື⬟᳨ᰝ ͤ㸯 ࡋ࡚ᢏ⬟࣭ᢏ⾡⫋ ͤ㸰 ჾල᳨ᰝࢆక࠺ ⫋ ົ 㐺 ᛶ ᳨ ᰝ ⟶⌮⪅㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝMAT ᆺ Ⴀᴗ࣐ࣥ㐺ᛂᛶ᳨ᰝMB ᆺ ᗑෆ㈍ဨ㐺ᛂᛶ᳨ᰝMSᆺ 21 ṓ௨ୖ 16 ṓ௨ୖ 16 ṓ௨ୖ 80 45 55 ㉁ၥ⣬ἲ ㉁ၥ⣬ἲ ㉁ၥ⣬ἲ ᛶ ᱁ ᳨ ᰝ ᛶ᱁デ᳨᩿ᰝRPI ᆺ ᛶ᱁㢮ᆺ᳨ᰝTI ᆺ ࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩ᳨ࣙࣥᰝRMIᆺ ▮⏣㒊ࢠࣝࣇ࢛࣮ࢻᛶ᱁᳨ᰝ 16 ṓ௨ୖ 17 ṓ௨ୖ 18 ṓ௨ୖ 17 ṓ௨ୖ 50 30 35 30 ㉁ၥ⣬ἲ ㉁ၥ⣬ἲ ㉁ၥ⣬ἲ ㉁ၥ⣬ἲ
⾲ࡢ⥆ࡁ ᛶ ᱁ ᳨ ᰝ ᪥ᮏ∧MMPI ᮾᘧ⥲ྜᛶ᱁᳨ᰝTPI ⢭◊ᘧ㺨㺽㺎㺝㺣㺶㺡㺆㺃㺐㺻㺫㺼㺻㺢㺶㺎 ປ◊ᘧ㺨㺽㺎㺝㺣㺶㺡㺆㺃㺡㺛㺢 ෆ⏣㺖㺸㺫㺽㺶㺻⢭⚄సᴗ᳨ᰝ ࣮ࣟࣝࢩࣕࢵࣁ᳨ᰝ ⤮⏬⤫⏬᳨ᰝ㸦TAT) ⢭◊ᘧᩥ᭩ᡂࢸࢫࢺ 17 ṓ௨ୖ 17 ṓ௨ୖ 17 ṓ௨ୖ ୍⯡ᡂே ᑠᏛ2ᖺ㹼ᡂே ୰Ꮫ㹼ᡂே ୰Ꮫ㹼ᡂே 㧗ᰯ⏕㹼ᡂே 60 60 30 20 30 60 90 30 ㉁ၥ⣬ἲ ㉁ၥ⣬ἲ ㉁ၥ⣬ἲ ㉁ၥ⣬ἲ సᴗ᳨ᰝἲ ᢞᙳἲ ᢞᙳἲ ᢞᙳἲ ࠕࢸࢫࢺᢈุࠖࡢᮇ࠾ࡅࡿ63,̿ ᖺ௦ 㟁Ꮚィ⟬ᶵࡢᬑཬࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡣほ ⓗࡋุ᩿࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࠕᅇ㌿ࠖၥ㢟ࡀゎỴ ࡉࢀ࡚ᅉᏊศᯒࡀᐜ࡛᫆ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ ࡶࡢࡢ㸪ྠ㸪ᚰ⌮᳨ᰝࢆཷࡅࡿ❧ሙࡽࡢ ᢈุࡶᙉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ23)ࠋ1960ᖺ௦ࡢ⡿ᅜ࠾ ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ே✀ᕪูࡸࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮ࡢほⅬࡽ᳨ ᰝࡀᢈุࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪 1970ᖺ௦㸪ྠᵝࡢᢈุࡣ᪥ᮏ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⏕ࡌࡓ ὀ4)ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ㸪᪥ᮏ⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫࡣᢞᙳἲ ࡼࡿ᳨ᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࡀᑵ⫋ᕪูࡢ⌮⏤⏝࠸ࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࢆᥦ㉳ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ὀ5)㸪ࡉࡽ ࡣ㸪ᴗ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓSPIࡢ㛤Ⓨ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑ ࢀࡲ࡛ࡣබົဨࡸᩍဨ࡞ࡿࡇࡀከࡗࡓ㸪 ᚰ⌮Ꮫࢆ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡛Ꮫࢇࡔࠕᚰ⌮ᢏ⾡⪅ࠖ ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ά㌍ࡢሙ࡛࠶ࡿ⫯ᐃⓗホ౯ࡍࡿ ୍᪉㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ᳨ᰝࡀពⓗ࡞ᕪู㸪㑅ู ࢃࢀࡿࡇࢆ༴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ24)ࠋᙜ㸪ࠕ␗ᖖ⪅ࠖ ࡸࠕ␗ᖖഴྥ⪅ࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀࡑࡢࡼ࠺ࡳ࡞ ࡉࢀࡓேࡧࢆ᩺ࡍࡿព࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋSPIࡢ⏝ᴗ➼ࡼࡿࣃࢿ࣭ࣝ ࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣࠕ␗ᖖ⪅㝖ࢆ┠ⓗᚰ ⌮ࢸࢫࢺࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ❧ሙࠖ25)࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡀ ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪᳨ᰝࡢ┠ⓗࡋ࡚㸪୍ḟ 㑅ᢤ࠾࠸࡚ከࡃࡢᛂເ⪅ࢆ⤠ࡾ㎸ࡴࡇ ຍ࠼࡚㸪ࠕ␗ᖖഴྥ⪅ࠖࢆⓎぢࡍࡿࡇ26)㸪ࠕ࠶ ࡿᶆ‽⠊ᅖࢆእࢀࡿᛂເ⪅ࡣ᪩ࡃ㝖እࡋ࡚ࠖ㑅 ⪃ࢆຠ⋡ࡍࡿࡇ27)➼ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘ ࡲࡾ㸪⥴ⓗ࡞ࠕḞ㝗ࠖࡸࠕ♫㐺ᛂᛶࠖၥ 㢟ࢆᣢࡘᛂເ⪅ࢆ᩺ࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ ࠸࠺ࠋSPIࡀࠑGAT㸦ᇶ♏⬟ຊ᳨ᰝ㸧ࠒࡢࡳ ࡞ࡽࡎᛶ᱁ࡢ᳨ᰝࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⌮⏤ࡢ୍ࡘ ࡣ㸪ࠕ␗ᖖ⪅ࠖ᩺ࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓ⏝ࡀྍ⬟࡛ ࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᢈุࢆཷࡅࡓࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪 1973ᖺ㸪᪥ᮏࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣࠕே ᐃ ᴗ᠇❶ࠖࢆタࡅ࡚㸪ࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮ᑛ㔜㸪බᖹ ᛶ࣭⛉Ꮫᛶࡢཎ๎ࢆᏲࡿࡇࢆᐉゝࡋࡓࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢᢈุࡢ࣏ࣥࢺࡣ㸪ᛶ᱁ࢱࣉࡢ 16ศ㢮ࡀ⊂≉ࡢゎ㔘ࢆࡉࢀࡿࡇ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࣐ ࣮ࣖࢬ࣭࣐࣮ࣖࢬࡣ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤ㸪ࠕESTJࠖ ࠕENTJࠖࡢࢱࣉࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࠕศᯒⓗ࡛ᐈ ほⓗࠋᐇ⾜ຊࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ἲᚊᐙࡸᢏ⾡⪅ྥࡁ㸪 ᨵ㠉ࡍࡿࡇ㛵ᚰ࠶ࡾࠋᐇࢆయ⣔ࡍࡿʊ ᡭࡢᒆࡃࡶࡢࡍ࡚ࢆࠋỴ᩿ຊࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ㄽ⌮ⓗ㸪 ⌮ᛶࡍࡄࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⪃࠼ᢤ࠸ࡓ⤖ㄽᚑࡗ࡚ ⮬ศ⮬㌟ேࡢ⾜ືࢆᚊࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋᐇ㸪 බᘧ㸪᪉ἲ࠸࠺ᙧែࡢ┿⌮౯್ࢆ࠾ࡃࠋឤ ⏕άࡣẼࡲࡄࢀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᡂࡾ⾜ࡁࡲࡏࡢ♫ ⏕άࠖ࠸࠺ゎ㔘ࢆࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽ㸪ࢱࣉࡢ ᙳ㡪ࡣ⫋ᴗ㑅ᢥ࠾࠸࡚ࡁࡃ⾲ࢀࡿࡋ࡚㸪 ࠶ࡿ⫋✀ྥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࢱ ࣉࡢࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ28)ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓゎ㔘ࡢᩥ ❶ࡸ⫋ᴗ㐺ᛶࡢ⛬ᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣSPIࡶ㋃くࡉ ࢀ࡚㸪ᴗࡲࡵ࡚㏦ࡉࢀࡿཷ᳨⪅ࡢ᳨ᰝ ⤖ᯝグ㍕ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪 ᳨ᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࡀᩘᖺ㛫ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ᑵ⫋ᕼᮃ⪅ ࡁྜࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࿘ᅖࡢᖺ㛗⪅ࡢุ᩿ࡼࡾࡶᯝ ࡓࡋ࡚ඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠺ၥどࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 63,ࡢᬑཬ̿ ᖺ௦㹼 ᖺ௦ 1960ᖺ௦ᚋ༙ࡽ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᅾᏛ⪅ࡢᑵ⫋ά ື࠾࠸࡚ࠕ⮬⏤ᛂເࠖࡀቑ࠼ጞࡵࡿࠋᙜࡣ ࡑࡶࡑࡶ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᅾᏛ⪅ࡢᩘࡀᛴቑࡋࡓᮇ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡀᑵ⫋ඛᴗࢆ᩷᪕ࡍࡿ ሙྜࡣᶵ㛵⊂⮬ࡢ๓ࡢ㑅ᢤࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࡶ ࡢࡢ29)㸪ࠕ⮬⏤ᛂເࠖࡢሙྜࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ๓ ࡢ㑅ᢤࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᴗ➼ࡀᩘከࡃࡢᛂເ⪅ࢆ㑅ᢤ ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣ࠾࠸࡚ SPIࡀά⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ࡑࡢᬑཬࡢᵝᏊࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪SPIࡀࠕྍど ࠖࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡼࡗ࡚බ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ᩘ್ࡋ࡚♧ࡍࡇ
ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪እⓗ1ࡘࡢබ⾲ ࢹ࣮ࢱࡽヨ⟬ࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1980ᖺࡢ᪂⪺⣬ 㠃࠾࠸࡚㸪᪥ᮏࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀ᥇⏝ヨ 㦂ゎ⚗᪥๓SPIࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀᢈุⓗ ሗࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ30)ࠋྠ⣬ࡣ᪥ᮏࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺࢭ ࣥࢱ࣮ࡀ10✀㢮ࡢࢸࢫࢺࢆᖺ㛫⣙5,000♫ᑐ ࡋ࡚ᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ㸪ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕSPIࡣᖺ㛫⣙ 2,000♫ࡼࡗ࡚⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ㸪య࡛ 22ே๓ᚋࡀSPIࢆཷ᳨ࡋ࡚࠸࡚㸪ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ Ꮫ⏕ࡀ4ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ22ேࡢ4ࡣ88༓ே࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪1980ᖺ ࡢᏛ༞ᴗ⪅ࡣ⣙40ே࡛࠶ࡿࡽ㸪௬1ே ࡢᏛ⏕ࡀ1ᅇࡔࡅཷ᳨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࡍࡿሙ ྜ㸪22㸣ࡢᏛ⏕ࡀSPIゐࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡞ ࡿὀ6)ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡇࡢሗ㐨ࡣᑵ⫋༠ᐃ㐪ࢆၥ 㢟どࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵ㸪SPIࡑࡢࡶࡢࡘ࠸࡚῝ࡃ ᥀ࡾୗࡆ࡚ၥ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ௨ᚋ㸪ࡇ࠺ ࡋࡓሗ㐨ࡣ⾜ࢃࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿὀ7)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪᪥ᮏࣜ ࢡ࣮ࣝࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡸࡑࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᴗ࡛࠶ࡿ ே ᐃ◊✲ᡤࡀࡲࡵࡓࠕ᥇⏝㑅⪃ࢶ࣮ࣝࠖ 㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪1976ᖺࡣSPI➼ࡢ᳨ᰝࢆ 㔜どࡍࡿᴗࡀ⣙47㸣㸪➹グヨ㦂ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ ᴗࡀ⣙79㸣࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢᑐࡋ࡚㸪1989ᖺࡣ๓ ⪅ࡀ⣙67㸣㸪ᚋ⪅ࡀ⣙64㸣࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ31)ࠋSPI ➼ࡢ᳨ᰝࢆ㔜どࡍࡿᴗࡢྜࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ SPIࡀᬑཬࡍࡿࡘࢀ࡚㸪ࠕ␗ᖖ⪅ࠖ᩺ ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶ㠃᥋ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡛⏝ࡍࡿࡇ ࡢព⩏ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡓ ࠼ࡤ㸪ࠕ┦ᑐࡋࡓࡢ༳㇟࡛ࡣࡓ࠸ࢇ᫂ࡿࡃ ඖẼࡀࡼ࠸ࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪᳨ᰝ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣࡴࡋ ࢁ⧄⣽ࡉࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜ㸦␎㸧㸪 ࡘࡢሗࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶṇࡋ࠸࠸࠺ࡇࢆཎ Ⅼ࠾࠸࡚㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ே≀≉ᚩࢆ⥲ྜⓗデ᩿ ࡍࡁࠖ32)ᙇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺㸪㠃᥋ࡢ⿵ ຓ㈨ᩱࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㝿㸪ᴗ ྥࡅⓎ⾜ࡉࢀࡓSPIࡢ࣐ࢽࣗࣝ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 SPIࡢ࠺ࡕ≉MMPIࢆᅵྎࡋࡓసࡽࢀࡓᛶ ᱁ࢱࣉࡢ16ࡢศ㢮ูࡈ㸪㠃᥋㉁ၥࡍ ࡿࡁ㡯┠ࡀᥦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ33)ࠋᏛ⏕ࡀ⬟ຊ᳨ ᰝẚ࡚➼㛩どࡋࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࡿᛶ᱁᳨ᰝࡶࡲ ࡓ㸪ᴗࡗ࡚ࡣ㔜どࡍࡿᑐ㇟࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࢁ࡛㸪SPIࡢᏑᅾࡀ୍⯡▱ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ1990ᖺ௦༙ࡤ௨㝆ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㛤Ⓨ⪅➼ࡼࡿᚰ⌮Ꮫ⣔ࡢᏛ࠾ࡅࡿሗ࿌ ௨እࡣ㸪⮬ᕫၨⓎ᭩࡛ࢃࡎゝཬࡉࢀࡿࡔ ࡅ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚34)㸪ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡀ᫂ࡽࡉࢀࡿࡇ ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢁࡀ㸪1993ᖺ㸪1ࡢᑐ⟇ᮏ ࡀฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࡢᏑᅾࡀ୍⯡ ▱ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋྠ᭩ࡣᑵ⫋άືࡢ㝿ཷ 㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿSPIࡢᴫせࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺ㄝ᫂ ࡍࡿࠋ SPIࡢၥ㢟⏝⣬ࡣⷧⲔⰍࡢ⢒ᝏ࡞⣬㉁࡛㸪 ࠸ ࡶ ࡑ ࡢ ᴗ ࡀ ᡭ స ࡾ࡛ ⏝ ព ࡋ ࡓࡼ ࠺ᛮ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡣࡌࡵ࡚ SPIฟࡗࡓඛ㍮ࡓࡕࡣࡳࢇ࡞㸪ࡑࢀࡀ ᴗࡀ ⊂ ⮬ సࡗ ࡓ ヨ 㦂 ࡔ ᛮ ࠺ ࡼ ࠺࡛ ࡍࠋ ၥ㢟⏝⣬ࡢࡁࡉࡣB5ࢧࢬ࡛㸪50࣌ ࣮ࢪ ࡢᑠᏊ ࢫࢱ ࣝ࡞ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋࡇࡢᑠᏊࡣࣆࣥࢡࡢࣦ࣮ࢪ࣭ࣥࢩ ࣮࡛ࣝ㛢ࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡇࠕᡭࢆධࢀ ࡚ࢩ࣮ࣝࢆ◚ࡗ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠖ᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋ⾲⣬ࡣⷧⲔⰍࡢࣥࢡ࡛ࠕၥ㢟 Ꮚࠖࢱ ࢺࣝࡀ ༳ๅ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࡀ㸪 SPIࡢᩥᏐࡣࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋேࡢ ᢸᙜ⪅ࡶ㸪ࡇࢀࡽཷࡅࡿࡢࡀSPI࠸࠺ ᕷ㈍ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡔࡣ㸪⤯ᑐᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡲ ࡏࢇ35)ࠋ ࡉࡽ㸪ࡇࡢᑐ⟇ᮏࡣᏛࡢᑵ⫋㒊ᑐࡍࡿ⪺ ࡁྲྀࡾࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⤂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑵ⫋㒊ࡀSPI ࡘ࠸࡚ఱࡶ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡸ㸪ࢃࡎ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿሙྜ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࡑࡢᑐ⟇ࢆྲྀࡿࡼ࠺Ꮫ ⏕ຓゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࢆᣦࡍ ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇࢀ௨㝆㸪ẖᖺࡢ ࡼ࠺」ᩘࡢ㢮᭩ࡀฟ∧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚㸪 ࿘▱ࡢ࠾ࡾࠕSPIᑐ⟇ࠖࡀᑵ⫋ᑐ⟇ࡢ୍⎔ ࡋ࡚⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡴࡍࡧᚋࡢㄢ㢟 ௨ୖࡢ⤒ⓗ࡞ᩚ⌮ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚SPIࡀᚲせࡉ ࢀࡓ⌮⏤ࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᅾᏛ⪅ࡢ
ቑຍຍ࠼࡚㸪ᑵ⫋άືࡢࠕ⮬⏤ᛂເࠖࡀ୍⯡ ⓗ࡞ࡿࡶ㸪Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼ࡸᣦᑟᩍဨࡢホ౯ ༶ࡋ࡚㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡀ᩷᪕㸪๓ࡢ㑅ᢤࢆ⾜ ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᴗ➼ࡀໃࡢᛂເ⪅ࢆఱࡽ ࡢᇶ‽࡛㑅ᢤࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓࠋ≉SPIࡣᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ▱㆑ࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓ᳨ᰝ࡛ ࠶ࡿࡇࡽ㸪ᴗ➼ࡽࡢಙ㢗ࢆᚓࡓゝ࠼ ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕᣦᐃᰯࠖ௨እࡢᛂເ⪅ࡢ 㑅ᢤ࠾࠸࡚㸪࡞࡛ࡶᙜึࡣࠕ␗ᖖ⪅ࠖࢆ≉ ᐃࡍࡿ࠸࠺┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡶ㠃᥋ࡢ 㝿ࡢ⿵ຓ㈨ᩱࡋ࡚⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲ ࡾ㸪⬟ຊ᳨ᰝຍ࠼࡚ᛶ᱁᳨ᰝࡀά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࠕヨ㦂ࡢព⩏බᖹࡉࠖࢆᦆ࡞࠺ ࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛SPIࡢᏑᅾࡀ㞃ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡣ≉ ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ1990ᖺ௦༙ࡤࡢᑐ⟇ᮏࡢⓎ⾜ࢆ ዎᶵࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡣࡈࡃ୍㒊ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ 㛵࡛ࡋ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࠕSPIᑐ⟇ࠖࣉࣟ ࢢ࣒ࣛࡀᑵ⫋άື㛵ࡍࡿᨭࡢάⓎࡢഴ ྥࡢ࡞࡛ᗈࡲࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉ࡚㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ṕྐⓗ⤒⦋ࢆࡩࡲ࠼ࡓ࠺࠼ ࡛㸪⌧௦ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࠾ࡅࡿᑵ⫋ᨭ㈨ ࡍࡿࡓࡵṧࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟ࡀ2Ⅼ࠶ࡿࠋ➨1㸪 1970ᖺ௦༙ࡤSPIࡀᡂࡋ࡚௨㝆ࡢᴗ➼ ࡼࡿࡑࡢ⏝ᐇែࡢゎ࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ⮫ᗋ ࡢศ㔝࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᚰ⌮᳨ᰝࡣ」ᩘࡢࡶࡢࢆ⤌ ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࠕࢸࢫࢺ࣭ࣂࢵࢸ࣮ࣜࠖࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⮫ᗋࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡣࡑࡢ ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡢ⤖ᯝࢆㄞࡳゎࡃຊ㔞ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪ᴗ➼ࡣ᥇⏝㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᳨ ᰝࡸヨ㦂ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢆࡋ࡚㸪ࡢࡼ࠺ ⤖ᯝࢆ⥲ྜࡋ࡚ゎㄞࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ᫂࡞Ⅼࡀ ከ࠸ࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶ㸪SPIࡢ࠺ࡕᛶ᱁㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ᰝ ࡣࢇᑗ᮶ࡢ⫋ົ㐙⾜⬟ຊࢆண ࡋ࡞࠸ ࡶᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ36)ࠋSPIࡣ⫋ົ㐙⾜⬟ຊࡢ ண ࡼࡾࡶࠕ⥲ྜⓗࠖ࡞ே≀⌮ゎࡢᢕᥱࢆ㔜ど ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡣ࠸࠼37)㸪ᴗ➼ࡼࡿᛶ᱁ ⫋ົ㐙⾜⬟ຊࡢ㛵ಀࡢㄆ㆑ࢆၥ࠺࠸࠺ㄢ 㢟ࡀṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨2㸪㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡀࣘࢽࣂ ࣮ࢧࣝẁ㝵✺ධࡋࡓ2000ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢSPIࡢ㛤 Ⓨࡢᒎ㛤㸪ࡑࡢᒎ㛤༶ࡋࡓᏛ⏕ࡗ࡚ࡢ SPIᑐ⟇ࡢពᴗ➼ࡢSPIࡢ⏝┠ⓗࡢ㱈 㱒ࡢ⌮⏤ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧Ⅼ ࠾࠸࡚ ࡣSPI3࠸࠺ࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥࡀ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⏕ࡀᴗࢆゼၥࡋ࡚ཷ᳨ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡃ㸪ࢸࢫࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮࠾ࡅࡿཷ᳨㸪ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿ ࢵࢺࢆ⏝ࡋࡓཷ᳨ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ ࡋࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢸࢫࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᚲせ࡞ࡗࡓ⌮⏤ ࢆ♫⤒῭≧ἣࡢᩥ⬦ࡢ୰㸪ࡘ㸪ᛶ᱁≉ᛶ ࡢ5ᅉᏊࣔࢹࣝ㸦ࣅࢵࢢ࣭ࣇࣈ㸧௬ㄝࡸከ 㔜▱⬟ㄽ࠸ࡗࡓᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ㐍ᒎࡢ୰⨨࡙ ࡅ࡚᫂ࡽࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ྠ㸪 Ꮫ⏕ᴗ➼ࡢSPIᑐࡍࡿពࡅࡢ┦㐪ࢆ ᩚ⌮ࡍࡿᚲせࡶ࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⏕ࡣᕷ㈍ࡢ᭩⡠ࢆ㉎ධ ࡋࡓࡾ㸪ṇㄢእࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆཷㅮࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚ ᑐ⟇ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍⯡ⓗࡣゝㄒศ㔝㸪㠀ゝ ㄒศ㔝࠸ࡗࡓ⬟ຊศ㔝㛵ࡍࡿ⦎⩦ࢆ⾜࠺ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᴗ➼ࡣ⬟ຊศ㔝 ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୍ᐃ௨ୖࡢࢫࢥ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࡼ࠸㸪ࡍ࡞ ࢃࡕ㸪ࠕ㊊ษࡾࠖࡢཧ⪃ࡋ࡚ࡢࡳ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡚㸪᪤㏙ࡢ࠾ࡾᛶ᱁㛵ࡍࡿศ㔝ࡇࡑࢆ㔜ど ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⏕ࡗ࡚ࠕពⓗ≉ ㉁ࠖࡣ⬟ຊศ㔝㝶ࡍࡿ࠶ࡲࡾ㔜せ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ᳨ᰝ࡛࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪ᴗ➼ࡣᡓ๓ࡢᩍ⫱ ᐃ◊ ✲࠾࠸࡚ᙇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢྠࡌࡃࠕពⓗ ≉㉁ࠖࢆࡶ㑅ᢤࡢ࣏ࣥࢺࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᚲࡎࡋࡶᛶ᱁ࡣ⬟ຊࡣ㐪ࡗ࡚ྍረⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࠸ࡣ᩿ゝ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㱈㱒ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ ࡿ⌮⏤ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿ࠸࠺ㄢ㢟ࡶṧࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ὀ 1) SPIࡣୗ⏣ᘧᛶ᱁᳨ᰝ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡣ᪥ᮏࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡼࡗ࡚㛤Ⓨ ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃ␗࡞ࡿ᳨ᰝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 2) ᪥ᮏࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀฟ∧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㞧 ㄅࡼࢀࡤ㸪」ᩘࡢᏛ࠾࠸࡚࠸ࡃࡘࡢᚰ ⌮᳨ᰝࡀ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⣙100Ꮫࡢᑵ⫋㒊 ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓㄪᰝࡽ㸪YGᛶ᱁᳨ᰝࡀ15Ꮫ㸪 WAIT㸦What Am I Test㸸᪥ᮏࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺࢭࣥ ࢱ࣮ࠕ⮬ᕫ⌮ゎࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࠖ㸧ࡀ10Ꮫ㸪ෆ⏣ࢡ ᳨ࣞ࣌ࣜࣥᰝࡀ9Ꮫ㸪⫋ᴗ⯆᳨ᰝࡀ5Ꮫ࡛ ࡑࢀࡒࢀᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡓ38)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪࠶ࡿ〇⸆࣓࣮࣮࡛࢝ࡣࠕẼ㉁ ᳨ᰝࠖࠕ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝࠖࠕ⫋✀㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝࠖ࡞39)㸪
࠶ࡿᴦჾ࣓࣮࣮࡛࢝ࡣෆ⏣ࢡ᳨ࣞ࣌ࣜࣥᰝࡸ ࠕࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࣭ࢸࢫࢺࠖ࡞40)ࡀᐇࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡶ⤂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 3) ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶ୍㒊ࡢᩍဨ᥇⏝ヨ㦂㸪බົဨ᥇⏝ ヨ 㦂 ࠾ ࠸ ࡚MMPIࡢ⩻ヂ∧ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ࡚㸪ேᶒ᧦ㆤࡢほⅬࡽᢈุࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡾࡘࡘ ࠶ࡿ41)ࠋ 4) ᚰ⌮᳨ᰝ㝈ࡽࡎ㸪ᕷ㈍ࢸࢫࢺ⯡ࡀᢈุ ࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᙜ㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫋ဨ⤌ྜ࡞ ࡢᩍ⫋ဨ⤌ྜࡀᕷ㈍ࢸࢫࢺ㏣ᨺ㐠ືࢆᐇ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ 5) ḟࡢࡼ࠺┬ࡀ㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ⤖ᯝ ⓗ ᚰ ⌮ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡀSCT 㸦 ➹ ⪅ ὀ 㸸 Sentence Completion Test㸪ᩥ❶ᡂἲࢸࢫࢺ㸧➃ⓗ ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺㸪ᙅ⪅㝖ࡢ㐨ල࡞ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡇࡀࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋࡓ࠾ࡶ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢃࢀࢃ ࢀࡣ㸪ᩘᖺࡲ࠼ࡲ࡛ࡣᴗᡞ⡠ㅞᮏࢆฟࡋࡓ ࡾ㸪ㄪᰝ᭩ᮏ⡠ᆅࢆ␒ᆅࡲ࡛ヲࡋࡃࡁࡇࡴ ࡇࡀฟ㌟⏕ᚐ㸪ᅾ᪥ᮅ㩭ே⏕ᚐࢆ㝖ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿᐇẼ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࢆゎᨺ㐠 ືࡢഃࡽᩍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚㸪ࡣࡌࡵ࡚Ẽࡀࡘࡃ ᩍᖌࡣ࣎ࢣ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡽ㸪A┴⤫ ୍⏝⣬㸦➹⪅ὀ㸸ᛂເඛᥦฟࡍࡿㄪᰝ᭩⏝⣬㸪 㒔㐨ᗓ┴ྡࡣ┬␎ࡋࡓ㸧ࡀ࡛࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡅࢀ ࡶ㸪ᚰ⌮ࢸࢫࢺࡶ⤊ᒁⓗᡞ⡠ㅞᮏྠࡌࡼ ࠺࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡁࡽ࡞ ࡗࡓ࠾ࡶ࠸ࡲࡍࠖ42)ࠋ 6) SPIࡀᬑཬࡍࡿࡘࢀ࡚㸪ྠ୍ࡢཷ᳨⪅ࡀ2 ᅇ௨ୖ᳨ᰝࢆཷࡅࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀၥ㢟どࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ2ᅇ┠ࡢ᪉ࡀ⤫ィⓗ᭷ព࡞ࡿ 㧗࠸Ⅼᩘࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ಙ㢗 ᛶ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⦎⩦ຠᯝࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ಙ㢗ᛶࡀ ☜ಖࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪2ᅇ┠ࡢཷ᳨⪅ࡘ ࠸࡚ࡣ1ᅇ┠ࡢ᳨ᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࡶྜࢃࡏ࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿ ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ43)ࠋ 7) 1984ᖺ᪥ᮏࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀࢹ࣮ࢱ ࢆ୍㒊බ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢᖺయ࡛⣙45ே ࡀSPIࢆཷ᳨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋྠᵝࡢィ⟬ࢆ⾜࠼ࡤ 44㸣ࡢᏛ⏕ࡀSPIࢆཷ᳨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 1) ἑṊᚿ࣭Ⱚ♸㡰࣭ᮧⱥᖾ⦅㸸ேࢭ ࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࣁࣥࢻࣈࢵࢡ㸪㔠Ꮚ᭩ᡣ㸪2000㸬 2) ᳃┿୍㸸⮬ᕫࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡢᷦ㸪ㅮㄯ♫㸪 2000㸬 3) ⱉ㇂๛ᙪ࣭ᮏ⏣⏤⣖⦅㸸༞ᑵ⫋ࡢ♫Ꮫ㸪 ᮾிᏛฟ∧㸪2010㸬 4) Ⳣᒣ┿ḟ㸸ࠕᑵ♫ࠖ♫ࡢㄌ⏕㸪ྡྂᒇ Ꮫฟ∧㸪2011㸬 5) Ụཱྀ₩㸸ᩍ⫱ ᐃࡢ♫ྐʊʊ⏣୰ᐶ୍ࢆ ୰ᚰ㸪⏣◊ฟ∧㸪2010㸬 6) ᒣୗᜏ⏨㸸ࢃࡀᅜ࠾ࡅࡿᡓᚋࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢ Ṕྐ㸦ୖ㸧㸪⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲㸪11(1)㸪58-68㸪 1973㸬 7) ℈୰⩏㝯㸸1990ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢ༞ປാᕷሙ ʊʊᑵ⫋άືࡢ3Ⅼẚ㍑㸪ⱉ㇂๛ᙪ࣭ᮏ ⏣⏤⣖⦅㸸༞ᑵ⫋ࡢ♫Ꮫ㸪87-105㸪ᮾ ிᏛฟ∧㸪 2010㸬 8) ᳃ୗ㧗㸸⌧௦ࡢ㞠⏝ၥ㢟㸪すᕝ୍ᗮ ⦅㸸21ୡ⣖ࡢ⏘ᴗᚰ⌮Ꮫʊʊேࡸࡉࡋ࠸ ♫ࢆࡵࡊࡋ࡚㸪37-64㸪⚟ᮧฟ∧㸪 1997㸬 9) ᪥ᮏࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ㛤Ⓨጤဨ 㸸ࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢸࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺ㸦1㸧⌧⾜ ᥇ ⏝ ヨ 㦂 ࡢ ㅖ ၥ 㢟 㸪 ࣜ ࢡ ࣝ ࣮ ࢺ ࣓ ࣥ ࢺ 㸪 1963(1)㸪16-20㸪1963㸬 10) ᮧ ୖ ᐉ ᐶ ࣭ ᮧ ୖ ༓ ᜨ Ꮚ 㸸 MMPI-1/MINI/MINI-124ࣁ ࣥ ࢻ ࣈ ࢵ ࢡ ʊʊ ⮬ ື デ ᩿ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡢ ᣍ ᚅ 㸪 Ꮫ ⱁ ᅗ ᭩ 㸪 2009㸬 11) ᮧᙲ㐨㸸MMPIࡢᅉᏊศᯒⓗ◊✲㸪ᩍ⫱ ᚰ⌮Ꮫᖺሗ㸪3㸪30㸪1964㸬 12) ἑṊᚿ࣭ᶫཱྀⱥಇ㸸MMPIࡼࡿᕤሙస ᴗ⪅ࡢ◊✲㸪ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫᖺሗ㸪4㸪48㸪1964㸬 13) ᶫཱྀⱥಇ࣭ᒸ㒊ᩍᏊ࣭Ọ⏣௦࣭᪂⏣ ᯞ࣭ἑṊᚿ㸸᪂ᛶ᱁᳨ᰝ㸦RPI㸧సᡂࡢ ヨࡳ㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⥲Ⓨ⾲ㄽᩥ㞟㸪 9㸪180-187㸪1967㸬 14) ຍⱱᐩ⨾Ꮚ࣭✄ᶫ႐⨾Ꮚ࣭ἑṊᚿ࣭Ụ ᾈṇ࣭⏣Ṋ࣭Ọ⏣௦࣭ୖ࣭Ⱚ ♸㡰࣭ᶫཱྀⱥಇ㸸MBTI᪥ᮏ∧ᶆ‽ࡢヨ ࡳ㸦ࡑࡢ1㸧㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⥲Ⓨ⾲ ㄽᩥ㞟㸪7㸪316-321㸪1965㸬
15) Jung, Carl Gustav, 1921, Psychologische
ࣉㄽ㸪ࡳࡍࡎ᭩ᡣ㸪1987㸬㸧 16) ᶫཱྀⱥಇ࣭⤖ᇛᐩ⨾Ꮚ࣭⏣Ṋ࣭Ⱚ♸㡰㸸 MBTI᪥ᮏ∧ᶆ‽ࡢヨࡳ㸦ࡑࡢ4㸧㸪᪥ᮏ ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⥲Ⓨ⾲ㄽᩥ㞟㸪8㸪228-231㸪 1966㸬 17) Ọ⏣௦࣭᪂⏣ᯞ࣭ἑṊᚿ࣭ୖ࣭ ᰗᬕኵ࣭ᒸ㒊ᩍᏊ㸸MBTI᪥ᮏ∧ࡢጇᙜ ᛶࡢ◊✲㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⥲Ⓨ⾲ㄽᩥ 㞟㸪8㸪232-237㸪1966㸬 18) ᪥ᮏࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ㛤Ⓨጤဨ 㸸ࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢸࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺ㸦2㸧ࣜࢡ ࣮ࣝࢺᘧ⬟ຊ᳨ᰝ̿̿ࡑࡢᇶᮏᵓ㸪ࣜࢡ ࣮ࣝࢺ࣓ࣥࢺ㸪1964(3)㸪22-25㸪1964㸬 19) ᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸸ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫᖺሗ㸪7㸪 1968㸬 20) ᒣୗᜏ⏨㸸ࢃࡀᅜ࠾ࡅࡿᡓᚋࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢ Ṕྐ㸦ୗ㸧㸪⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲㸪11(3)㸪100-119㸪 1974㸬 21) ᪥ᮏࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ㛤Ⓨጤဨ 㸸ࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢸࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺ㸦9㸧ࣜࢡࣝ ࣮ ࢺ ᘧ ⬟ ຊ ᳨ ᰝʊʊ7,ᆺᛶ᱁᳨ᰝࡢಙ㢗ᛶ ጇᙜᛶ㸪ࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺ࣓ࣥࢺ㸪1966(1)㸪36-39㸪 1966㸬 22) ἑṊᚿ㸸᥇⏝ヨ㦂ࡢ▱㆑㸪᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺ ♫㸪1973㸬 23) ụ⏣ኸ㸸ᚰ⌮࣭ᩍ⫱ ᐃࡢ⌮ㄽᢏ⾡ࡣ࠸ Ⓨ ᒎࡋ ࡚ ࡁࡓ ʊʊࡇࡢ20ୡ⣖ࡢṔྐ ࢆࡾ㏉ࡿ㸪ᛂ⏝♫Ꮫ◊✲㸪39㸪15-35㸪 1997㸬 24) ᪥ᮏ⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸸ᚰ⌮ࢸࢫࢺʊʊࡑࡢ ᵓ⌧ᐇ㸪⌧௦᭩⡆㸪1979㸬 25) ᪥ᮏࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ㛤Ⓨጤဨ 㸸ࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢸࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺ㸦10㸧ࣃࢿ࣭ࣝ ࢹ ࢫ ࢝ࢵ ࢩ ࣙࣥʊʊேᮦⓎぢᚰ⌮ࢸࢫ ࢺ㸪ࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺ࣓ࣥࢺ㸪1966(3)㸪46-49㸪1966㸬 26) ᅵᒇὒ㸸᥇⏝ࡢᐇົ㸪᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺♫㸪1978㸬 27) Ᏻ୍ኵ㸸ᑵ⫋ᣦᑟࡽࡳࡓ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝࡢ 㛤Ⓨ㸪⏘ᴗ࣭⤌⧊ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸸⏘ᴗ࣭⤌⧊ᚰ⌮ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ࡢ ື ྥʊʊ⏘ᴗ࣭⤌⧊ᚰ⌮Ꮫ10 ᖺࡢṌࡳ㸪Ꮫᩥ♫㸪1994㸬
28) Myers, Isabel Briggs and Peter Briggs Myers, 1980, Gifts Differing, Palo Alto, Consulting
Psychologists Press. 㸦㸻ἑṊᚿ࣭ᮌཎṊ୍ ヂ㸸ே㛫ࡢࢱࣉ㐺ᛶʊʊኳ㈿ࡢᡯ␗࡞ࢀ ࡤࡇࡑ㸪᪥ᮏࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸪1982㸬㸧 29) ᓥ┿ኵ㸸Ꮫᑵ⫋㒊࡛ࡁࡿࡇ㸪ວⲡ ᭩ᡣ㸪2012㸬 30) ᮅ᪥᪂⪺㸪1980.10.31㸪ᮅห㸪1㠃㸬 31) ᮧⱥᖾ࣭ᅜᮏᾈᕷ㸸᥇⏝㑅⪃ࣁࣥࢻࣈࢵ ࢡ㸪HRR㸪2002㸬 32) ᮧⱥᖾ㸸ேࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺㄽʊʊಶ⤌ ⧊ࢆ⏕ࡍᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ▱ᜨ㸪࣑ࢿࣦࣝ᭩ᡣ㸪 2005㸬 33) ࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺேᮦ ᐃᴗ㒊⦅㸸⥲ྜ᳨ᰝ SPIࣁࣥࢻࣈࢵࢡʊʊࡍࡄࢀࡓேᮦࡢⓎぢ ⫱ᡂࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺே ᐃᴗ㒊㸪 1985㸬 34) ఀ⸨ඵ㑻㸸ᛶ᱁㐺ᛶࢆ▱ࡿἲ㸪᪥ᮏᐇᴗ ฟ∧♫㸪1985㸬 35) ☄ៅ୍㸸ᑵ⫋ࡢ⋤㐨’94ʊʊ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝ࣭ ᨷ␎ᮏ㸪JICCฟ∧ᒁ㸪1993㸬 36) ᮧୖᐉᐶ㸸IQࡗ࡚࣍ࣥࢺࡣఱ࡞ࢇࡔ㸽ʊʊ ▱⬟ࢆࡵࡄࡿ⚄ヰ┿ᐇ㸪᪥⤒BP♫㸪2007㸬 37) ᮧⱥᖾ㸸ேࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ⛉Ꮫʊʊ㐺 ᛶࢸࢫࢺ㸪ከ㠃ほᐹࢶ࣮ࣝ㸪ࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࢭ ࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ⌮ㄽᐇ㝿㸪⏘⬟Ꮫฟ∧㒊㸪1998㸬 38) ࣉ࣮ࣞࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ㸪5(1)㸪1970㸬 39) ࣉ࣮ࣞࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ㸪1(5)㸪1966㸬 40) ࣉ࣮ࣞࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ㸪3(1)㸪1967㸬 41) ᒾᮏⰋ㸸ᩍဨ࣭බົဨ᥇⏝ヨ㦂㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝ ࠾ࡅࡿேᶒྖἲ࣭ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸪᪥ᮏᩍ⫱♫ Ꮫ➨65ᅇ㸪2013㸬 42) ᪥ᮏ⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸸ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣮࣒ࣗʊʊᚰ ⌮ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡣ ࡞ ʊʊཷࡅࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿഃ ࡽࡢ↷ᑕ㸪⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲㸪12(3)㸪14-36㸪 1975㸬 43) ᪥ᮏࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ㛤Ⓨጤဨ 㸸ࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢸࣥࢢࢸࢫࢺ㸦4㸧ࣜࢡࣝ ࣮ࢺᘧ⬟ຊ᳨ᰝʊʊࡑࡢᐇ⤖ᯝ㸪ࣜࢡ࣮ࣝ ࢺ࣓ࣥࢺ㸪1964(3)㸪44-47㸪1964㸬 グ㸸 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡣJSPS⛉◊㈝25780508ࡢຓᡂࢆཷࡅ ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
