Crossing Diplomatic Interests and Economic Benefits over U.S. FTA Policy

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࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ )7$ ᨻ⟇ࢆࡵࡄࡿእ஺฼┈࡜⤒῭฼┈ࡢ஺㘒

Crossing Diplomatic Interests and Economic Benefits over U.S. FTA Policy

෠ ⏣ ᫭ ṇ

^* TOMITA Terumasa

1990ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊୡ⏺ྛᆅ࡟࠾ࡅࡿFTAࡢ⥾⤖ࡣᛴቑࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊFTAࡣWTOࡢࡼ࠺࡞ከᅜ㛫㈠

᫆༠ᐃࢆ෽㥙ࡋࠊᅜ㝿㏻ၟయไ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୰ᚰⓗᆅ఩࡟࠶ࡿࡀࠊྛᅜࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ពᅗࡸືᶵࢆᣢ ࡗ࡚ࠊFTAࢆ஺΅ࡍࡿ┦ᡭࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ༑ศ࡟ゎ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴

࠸ࠋ≉࡟⡿୰஧኱኱ᅜࡢ฼ᐖࡀ㘒⥈ࡍࡿ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊFTAࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤒῭༠ᐃࡀ ᣢࡘព࿡ྜ࠸ࡣࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚࡟ẚ࡭⤒῭ⓗ࡞฼┈௨ୖ࡟Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀➼ࡢእ஺฼┈ࡢὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿ๭ྜࡀቑ

኱ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ」ྜⓗ࡞どⅬ࠿ࡽFTA⥾⤖ࡢពᅗࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡀቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ᮏ✏

ࡣࠊ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ᅜ㝿㏻ၟయไ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢFTAᨻ⟇ࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ≉࡟ᑐ୰ᅜ

࡜࠸ࡗࡓព࿡࠿ࡽ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿTPPࢆᕠࡿᨻ⟇Ỵᐃ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢࡼ࠺࡞እ஺ⓗ࡞฼┈ࡀ⮬

⏤㈠᫆༠ᐃ⥾⤖࡟ᑟࡃ㐨⛬ࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸FTAࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

1990 ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ᆅᇦ⤒῭⤫ྜࡢὶࢀࡀ㐍ࡳࠊୡ⏺ྛᆅ࡟࠾ࡅࡿFTA ࡢ⥾⤖ᩘࡣᛴቑࡋ࡚

࠸ࡿ(ᅗ 1 ཧ↷)ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ FTA ࡢᛴቑ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊFTA ࡣ WTO ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ከᅜ㛫㈠᫆༠ᐃ࡜௦᭰ⓗ࠿ࡑ

ࢀ࡜ࡶ⿵᏶ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ୧⪅ࡣ୧❧ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ྰ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ1990 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽ 2000 ᖺ௦࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ከ ࡃࡢㄽ⪅࡟ࡼࡾά‸࡟㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋFTA ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊWTO ஺΅ࡢ࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࢆ႙ኻࡉࡏࠊ WTO యไࡀᙧ㧁໬ࡍࡿᜍࢀࡶᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶ FTA ⥾⤖ࢆ⮬⏤㈠᫆యไࡢ

⥔ᣢࠊ᥎㐍࡜࠸ࡗࡓ✲ᴟࡢ┠ᶆ㐩ᡂ࡟⮳ࡿ୍ࡘࡢ㐣⛬࡜఩⨨࡙ࡅࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿഴྥࡀᙉࡲࡾ

ࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ ¹ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⌧ᐇࡢ FTA ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᏛၥⓗ࡞⪃ᐹࢆ㉸㐣ࡍࡿᙧ࡛ࠊᣑ኱ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ

ࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟2010 ᖺ௨㝆ࡣTPP(⎔ኴᖹὒࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ༠ᐃ)ࡸRCEP(ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦࡢ ໟᣓⓗ⤒῭㐃ᦠ)ࠊTTIP(኱すὒᶓ᩿㈠᫆ᢞ㈨ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ༠ᐃ)ࠊ᪥EU࣭EPA ࡞࡝ࡢࠊ࣓࢞FTA

࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞つᶍࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ FTA ࡶฟ⌧ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᩥᏐ㏻ࡾ FTA ඲┒ࡢ᫬௦

࡟ධࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺²ࠋ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ WTO ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ከᅜ㛫㈠᫆༠ᐃࢆ෽㥙ࡋࠊᅜ㝿㏻ၟయไ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୰ᚰⓗᆅ఩

࡟࠶ࡿFTA ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊྛᅜࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ពᅗࡸືᶵࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࠊFTA ࢆ஺΅ࡍࡿ┦ᡭࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

ࡢ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ࿨㢟ࡀ༑ศ࡟ゎ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࠋྛᅜࡀFTA ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡢࡣWTO ࡢࡼ

࡜ࡳࡓ࣭࡚ࡿࡲࡉࠊᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥ♫఍⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉෸ᩍᤵࠊᅜ㝿㛵ಀㄽࠊᅜ㝿ᨻ἞⤒῭Ꮫ

㤿⏣ࠊᾆ⏣ࠊᮌᮧᖺ

)7$ࡢẁ㝵ⓗ࡞Ⓨᒎࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ኱▮᰿ᖺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

『埼玉大学紀要（教養学部）』第54巻第2号、2019年

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࠺࡞ከᅜ㛫ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡀ⾜ࡁワࡲࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᘬࡁ㔠࡜࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࢩ࢔ࢺ

ࣝ㛶൉఍㆟(1999ᖺ)࡜࢝ࣥࢡࣥ㛶൉఍㆟(2003ᖺ)ࡢỴ⿣௨㝆ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞࣮ࣝࣝసࡾࢆ┠ᣦࡍWTO஺

΅࡟࠾ࡅࡿྜពᙧᡂࡣࡁࢃࡵ࡚ᅔ㞴࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣࢆཷࡅ࡚ྛᅜࡣࠊḟၿࡢ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚

FTAࢆ᥎㐍ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠊ࡜࠸࠺እ⏕ⓗ࡞ㄝ࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㄝ᫂࠿ࡽࡣྛᅜࡀFTA ᨻ⟇࡟ഴࡃືᶵࡣ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊලయⓗ࡟࡝ࡢᅜᐙ࡜஺΅ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣㄝ᫂

⬟ຊࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ

࡞࠾ࠊྛᅜࡀFTAࡢ஺΅┦ᡭࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㑅ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡢㄝ᫂࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᅜෆせᅉ࡟ὀ┠ࡍ

ࡿㄽ⪃ࡀ୺ὶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋFTAࡣ⥾⤖࡟࡜ࡶ࡞࠸ࠊᚲࡎ⤒῭ⓗ࡞฼ᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏࡿࠋ⮬⏤໬࡟ࡼ

ࡾ➇தࡀ㐍ࡵࡤẚ㍑ඃ఩ࡢ࠶ࡿ⏘ᴗࡣ㍺ฟࢆᣑ኱ࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊẚ㍑ඃ఩ࡢ࡞࠸⏘ᴗࡣῈử࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ

஦ᴗ㌿᥮࡟㏣࠸㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾFTAࢆ⥾⤖ࡍࡿ┦ᡭᅜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬ᅜෆࡢ㓄ศ฼┈ࢆ␗࡞

ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊFTAࢆ⥾⤖ࡍࡿ┦ᡭࡢ㑅ᐃ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㔜኱࡞⤒῭ⓗ฼ᐖ ࡀ⤡ࡴࡓࡵࠊࡑࢀ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣᅜෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᨻ἞ⓗ࡞த࠸ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᨻ἞ⓗ➇த ࡢᖐ⤖࡜ࡋ࡚஺΅┦ᡭᅜࡢ㑅ᐃࢆྵࡴFTAᨻ⟇ࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋ

௚᪉ࠊୡ⏺኱࡛࣓࢞FTAࡢ஺΅ࡀ㐍ࡴ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊFTAࡀ⥾⤖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᭷ࡍࡿព࿡ྜ࠸ࡀࠊ⤒῭

ⓗ࡞ഃ㠃ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ᣑ኱ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧ᐇࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋᅜᐙࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡢᣑ኱ࡢᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢFTA࡛࠶

ࡿࠋ≉࡟⡿୰஧኱኱ᅜࡢ฼ᐖࡀ㘒⥈ࡍࡿ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊFTAࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤒῭༠ᐃࡀᣢ ࡘព࿡ྜ࠸ࡣࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚࡟ẚ࡭⤒῭ⓗ࡞฼┈௨ୖ࡟Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ୖ➼ࡢእ஺฼┈ࡢὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿ๭ྜࡀቑ኱

ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ³ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ୰ᅜࡀFTA஺΅ࢆ㑅ᐃࡍࡿ㝿ࡢືᶵ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞฼┈࡛ࡣㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ ࡎࠊࡴࡋࢁእ஺฼┈࠿ࡽࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ㐺ᙜ࡞ࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ㢧ⴭ࡟⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢᣦ᦬ࡶ࠶ࡿ⁴ࠋ

ࡘࡲࡾࡣ⌧ᅾࠊFTAᨻ⟇ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡣ௒ࡲ࡛௨ୖ࡟እ஺ࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢഃ㠃࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡿ

ᚲせࡀḞ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ᮏ✏ࡣࠊ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ᅜ㝿㏻ၟయไ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ

୚࠼ࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢFTAᨻ⟇ࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ≉࡟ᑐ୰ᅜ࡜࠸ࡗࡓព࿡࠿ࡽ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿTPPࢆᕠࡿᨻ⟇Ỵ ᐃ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࠊ㈠᫆༠ᐃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢഃ㠃࡜࠸ࡗࡓእ஺฼┈ࡢᙺ๭࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⪃ᐹࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ

*ROGVWHLQDQG0DQVILHOG

Ụཎᖺ

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

BILATERAL PLURILATERAL 図1：FTA発効件数の推移

出典：Asia Regional Integration CenterのHPより作成

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ඛ⾜◊✲

FTA࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿ⤒῭ᨻ⟇࡟࠾࠸࡚እ஺Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢ฼┈ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔ

ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ࣮࣍ࢻ࣮ࣜ(Stephen Hoadley)ࡣྛᅜࡀFTAᨻ⟇ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿືᶵ࡟ࡣࠊձ㈠᫆⮬⏤໬ࡢಁ㐍ࠊ ղᏳ඲ಖ㞀࡞࡝⤒῭฼┈௨እࡢ┠ⓗࡢಁ㐍�࡜࠸ࡗࡓ஧ࡘࡢᨻ⟇┠ⓗࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋࠊࡑࡢ࡝

ࡕࡽࡢせᅉࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࠊࣈࢵࢩࣗᨻᶒᮇࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢFTAᨻ⟇ࢆ౛࡟࠶ࡆㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⁵ࠋ

ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⤒῭ⓗഃ㠃࡜እ஺ⓗഃ㠃ࡢ୧せᅉࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࡢࡀࢦ࣮ࣝࢻࢫࢸ࢕ࣥ(Judith Goldstein)࡜

࣐ࣥࢫࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ(Edward Mansfield)࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୧⪅ࡣ≉࡟ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊྛᅜࡣ⤒῭ⓗ฼┈࡜

Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢ฼┈ࡀ⤡ࡳ࠶࠺ᙧ࡛ࠊFTAᨻ⟇ࢆ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⁶ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⤒῭

฼┈࡜እ஺฼┈௨እࡢせᅉࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿㄽ⪅ࡶ࠸ࡿࠋ࢔࢞࣡ࣝ(Vinod K. Aggarwal)ࡣFTAᨻ⟇ࢆ᥎㐍 ࡍࡿືᶵ࡜ࡋ࡚ୖグ஧ࡘࡢせᅉ௨እ࡟ࠊ⎔ቃᇶ‽ࡸປാᇶ‽࡜࠸ࡗࡓ♫఍ⓗ㛵ᚰ஦㡯ࡢ࣮ࣝࣝᙧᡂ ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿ⁷ࠋ

࡞࠾ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢFTAᨻ⟇࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣂ࣮ࢢ࣐ࣥ(Mary E. Bergmann)ࡀᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢ࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ

࢕ࣈࢆ෽㥙ࡍࡿᙧ࡛ࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࡢ᪉ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⁸ࠊ

࣮ࣟࢮࣥ(Howard Rosen)ࡸࢩࣇ࣐ࣥ(Gary M. Shiffman)ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࣚࢵࣇ࣒(James J. Jochum)ࡽࡣࠊᏳ඲

ಖ㞀ୖࡢ฼┈ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢩࣇ࣐ࣥ࡜ࣚࢵࣇ࣒࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊFTAࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈠᫆༠ᐃࡣࠊ

௚ᅜࡢ⾜ືࢆ⮬ᅜࡢព࡟ἢ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ㐨ලࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡍࡿഃ㠃ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡜ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿ⁹ࠋࡇࢀࡣ౛࠼

ࡤࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡸ୰ᅜࡢࡼ࠺࡞኱ᅜࡀࠊ⮬ᅜᕷሙࡢ㛤ᨺࢆ㣵࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᙜヱᅜࡢ⾜ືࢆ⮬ᅜ࡟᭷฼࡞ࡼ

࠺࡟ㄏᑟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠᵝ࡟እ஺ୖࡢ㐨ල࡜ࡋ࡚FTAࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࣟ࣋ࣝ(Steven E. Lobell)ࡣࠊ FTAࡣࠕࢺࣟ࢖ࡢᮌ㤿ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢഃ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿ¹⁰ࠋࡇࢀࡣFTA࡟ࡼࡾ⤒῭ⓗ฼┈ࢆᙜ ヱᅜ࡟౪୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᅜෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⮬ᅜ࡬ࡢࢩࣥࣃࢆቑ኱ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋᙼࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ

஦㇟ࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ2001ᖺ࡟⥾⤖ࡉࢀࡓ⡿ࣚࣝࢲࣥ㛫ࡢFTAᨻ⟇ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝

ࡣࣚࣝࢲࣥࡢእ஺ᨻ⟇ࢆᙜ᫬୰ᮾ࡛Ꮩ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࢖ࢫ࢚ࣛࣝࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡬࡜ㄏᑟࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛ࠊ

ྠᅜ࡜ࡢFTAᨻ⟇ࢆ᥎㐍ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ¹¹ࠋ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟FTAᨻ⟇࡟࠾ࡅࡿእ஺Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢഃ㠃ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿㄽ⪃ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ୍᪉ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢࣞ

ࢺࣜࢵࢡⓗ࡞ഃ㠃࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿᣦ᦬ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ࣮ࣟࢮࣥࣂ࣮ࢢ(Emily Rosenberg)ࡣFTAࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤒῭༠ ᐃࢆྵࡴእ஺ᨻ⟇࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞฼┈ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࡼࡾࡶᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢ฼┈ࢆッ࠼ࡓ᪉ࡀᅜẸ

࠿ࡽࡢᨭᣢࢆᚓࡸࡍ࠸ഃ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ¹²ࠋFTAࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤒῭༠ᐃࡢ⤒῭ⓗ฼┈࡜࠸࠺ࡢ ࡣࠊᅜෆ࡟ᖹ➼࡟㓄ศࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ຾⪅࡜ᩋ⪅ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀

ୖࡢ฼┈࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣ඲ᅜẸ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᆒ㉁ⓗ࡞฼┈࡟࡞ࡿ࡜᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡺ࠼࡟ᚋ⪅ࢆᙉ ㄪࡋࡓ᪉ࡀᅜෆ࠿ࡽࡢ㈶ྠࢆᚓࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢㄽ⌮࠿ࡽࡣ㈠᫆༠ᐃ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅜෆ࡛

+RDGOH\

*ROGVWHLQDQG0DQVILHOG

$JJDUZDO

%HUJPDQ

5RVHQ6KLIIPDQDQG-RFKXP

/REHOO

୰ᅜࡀ㐍ࡵࡿ)7$ᨻ⟇ࡣእ஺ᨻ⟇ࡢࠕ㐨ලࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢഃ㠃ࡀ๓㠃࡟ฟ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢᣦ᦬ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ヲ⣽ࡣᚋ㏙㸧ࠋ

5RVHQEHUJ

(4)

ࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ⃭ࡋ࠸᫬࡯࡝ࠊ᥎㐍ὴࡣᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢ฼┈ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟FTAᨻ⟇ࢆࡵࡄࡿ㏆ᖺࡢ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢ฼┈ࡢ㔜せᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࢥࣥ

ࢭࣥࢧࢫࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ௚᪉ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢ฼┈ࡀࠊFTAᨻ⟇ࡢ᥎㐍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

ᮏ㉁ⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ᫂☜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ ¹³ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼࡟ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ㐣ཤ

࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ⥾⤖ࡋࡓFTAࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢ฼┈ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព࿡ྜ࠸ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ

࠿ࢆ᳨ドࡋࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ᨻ⟇࡜⤒῭༠ᐃࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ

)7$࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏳ඲ಖ㞀ⓗഃ㠃

࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ1985ᖺ࡟࢖ࢫ࢚ࣛࣝ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ⓎຠࡋࡓFTAࢆ⓶ษࡾ࡟ࠊ2018ᖺ9᭶ࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ィ20ಶ ࡢFTAࢆⓎຠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⾲1ཧ↷㸧ࠋᆅ⌮ⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ୰༡⡿ࡀ11ಶࠊ୰ᮾ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ࡀ5ಶࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴ ᖹὒᆅᇦࡀ2ಶࠊ໭⡿ࡀ࢝ࢼࢲࡢ1ಶ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᆅ⌮ⓗ࡟㏆᥋ࡍࡿ୰༡⡿ࢆ㝖ࡃ࡜ࠊ୰ᮾ࢔ࣇ

ࣜ࢝ᆅᇦ࡟5ಶ࡜㞟୰ࡍࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ᫬ᮇⓗ࡟ぢࡿ࡜ࠊ1980ᖺ௦ࡀ1ಶࠊ1990ᖺ௦ ࡀ2ಶࠊ2000ᖺ௦ࡀ14ಶࠊ2010ᖺ௦ࡀ3ಶ࡜ࠊ2000ᖺ௦࡟඲యࡢ⣙3ศࡢ2ࡀ⥾⤖ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᚋࠊ1948ᖺ࡟Ⓨ㊊ࡋࡓGATTࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࠊ୍㈏ࡋ࡚ከᅜ㛫ࡢ⮬⏤㈠᫆ࡢ ᥎㐍ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ 1995 ᖺ࡟

GATT࠿ࡽWTO࡟⛣⾜ࡋࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞࢔ࢡ ࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚㏵ୖᅜࡢ஺΅ཧຍࡀ㐍ࡴࡇ

࡜࡛ከᅜ㛫஺΅ࡣ⾜ࡁワࡲࡿࠋ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡣ ẚ㍑ⓗᅜෆ⤒῭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀྠ㉁ⓗ࡞ඛ㐍 ᅜྠኈࡢ஺΅࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࡢẁ 㝵ࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ஺΅┦ᡭᅜ࡜ࡣ኱ࡁࡃ

␗࡞ࡿ㏵ୖᅜࡀཧධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㈠᫆஺

΅ࡢጇ⤖ࡣᐜ࡛᫆࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶

ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡶ

ከᅜ㛫ࡢ㈠᫆஺΅࡟ᣊἾࡏࡎࠊ⮬ᅜ࡟࡜

ࡗ࡚฼┈ࡢ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㈠᫆┦ᡭ ᅜ࡜ࠊಶู࡟㈠᫆༠ᐃࢆ⤖ࡪᡭἲ࡟ࢩࣇ

ࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ¹⁴ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿

ࡽWTO࡜࠸࠺ከᅜ㛫஺΅ࡀ⾜ࡁワࡲࡿ

2000ᖺ௦࡟ከࡃࡢFTAࡀ⥾⤖ࡉࢀ࡚࠸

ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

6FKOHJHO㈠᫆ᨻ⟇࡜ࡣ཯ᑐ࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㌷஦௓ධࡢືᶵ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⤒῭ⓗ฼┈㸦㈠᫆ⓗ࡞⤖ࡧࡘࡁ➼㸧ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝

ຠຊࢆⓎ᥹ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦)RUGKDP㸧ࠋ

ཝᐦ࡟ࡣ࣮ࣞ࢞ࣥᨻᶒࡀᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓࠕ᪂㏻ၟᨻ⟇ࠖࡀ*$77୰ᚰࡢከᅜ㛫஺΅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊᆅᇦ㛫࣭஧ᅜ㛫㈠᫆༠ ᐃ࡟㋃ࡳ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜ࢆᐉゝࡋࡓ࡜఩⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋྠᨻ⟇ࡢࡶ࡜1$)7$ࡢ๓㌟࡛࠶ࡿ⡿࣭࢝ࢼࢲ)7$༠ᐃࡀ⥾⤖ࡉࢀࠊ⥆ࡃࣈ

ࢵࢩࣗᨻᶒ࡛࣓࢟ࢩࢥࠊ࢝ࢼࢲ࡜ࡢ1$)7$ࡢ㊊ሙࢆసࡾࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࢡࣜࣥࢺࣥᨻᶒ࡟ࡶ࡜࡛ἲᚊࡀᡂ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࡣ ከᅜ㛫஺΅ࡀ᏶඲࡟⾜ࡁワࡲࡿ௨๓࠿ࡽࠊ஧ᅜ㛫஺΅ࡢᵓ᝿ཬࡧᐇ᪋ࡣ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀᮏ᱁ⓗ࡟

஧ᅜ㛫༠ᐃ࡟ഴಽࡍࡿࡢࡣᖺ௦ᚋ༙࠿ࡽᖺ௦࡟࠿ࡅ࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

Ⓨ⾜ᖺ᭶ ⥾⤖┦ᡭᅜ

1985ᖺ8᭶ 1994ᖺ1᭶ 2001ᖺ12᭶

2004ᖺ1᭶ 2004ᖺ1᭶ 2005ᖺ1᭶ 2006ᖺ1᭶ 2006ᖺ3᭶ 2006ᖺ4᭶ 2006ᖺ8᭶ 2006ᖺ7᭶ 2006ᖺ8᭶ 2007ᖺ3᭶ 2009ᖺ1᭶ 2009ᖺ1᭶ 2009ᖺ2᭶ 2012ᖺ3᭶ 2012ᖺ4᭶ 2012ᖺ10᭶

2016ᖺ2᭶㸦⨫ྡ㸧

࢖ࢫ࢚ࣛࣝ

NAFTA㸦࢝ࢼࢲࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ㸧

ࣚࣝࢲࣥ

ࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝ

ࢳࣜ

࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔

ࣔࣟࢵࢥ

࢚ࣝࢧࢻࣂࢻࣝ

࣍ࣥࢪࣗࣛࢫ ࢽ࢝ࣛࢢ࢔

ࢢ࢔ࢸ࣐ࣛ

ࣂ࣮࣮ࣞࣥ

ࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜ

࣐࣮࢜ࣥ

ࢥࢫࢱࣜ࢝

࣮࣌ࣝ

㡑ᅜ ࢥࣟࣥࣅ࢔

ࣃࢼ࣐

TPP㸦࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࠊࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࠊ

ࣈࣝࢿ࢖ࠊࢳࣜࠊ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔ࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࠊ࣮࣌ࣝࠊ

࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࠊ᪥ᮏ㸧

表1：アメリカのFTA締結状況

出典：WTOのHPより作成

(5)

௚᪉ࠊ2010ᖺ௨㝆࡟ⓎຠࡉࢀࡓFTAࡣ3ಶ㸦TPPࢆྵࡵ࡚4ಶ㸧࡜ࠊࡑࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࡣ㕌໬ࡋ࡚࠸

ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣୡ⏺඲యࡢFTAⓎຠᩘࡀ2010ᖺ௨㝆ࡶ╔ᐇ࡟ఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶ㏫⾜ࡍࡿືࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ

㸦⾲1ཧ↷㸧ࠋࡇࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ཯⮬⏤㈠᫆ཬࡧ཯ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㧗ࡲࡾ࡜

ࡑࡢᨻ἞ⓗᙳ㡪ຊࡢቑ኱ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࡣࢺࣛࣥࣉ኱⤫㡿ࡀㄌ⏕ࡍࡿ௨๓࠿ࡽࠊࡍ࡛࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ FTAࡢࡼ࠺࡞㏻ၟ༠ᐃࡢ⥾⤖ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡑࡶࡑࡶ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㏻ၟᨻ⟇࡟࠾ࡅࡿFTAᨻ⟇ࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡀᏳᐃⓗ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ᫬ᮇ ࡢ᪉ࡀ౛እⓗ࡟ぢ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㏻ၟᨻ⟇࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㌿ᶵ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡀࠊNAFTA㸦໭⡿⮬⏤㈠᫆

༠ᐃ㸧ࡢ⥾⤖࡛࠶ࡿࠋNAFTAࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢከᅜ㛫㏻ၟయไ࠿ࡽࡢ㌿᥮ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ึ

ࡢ㏵ୖᅜ㸦࣓࢟ࢩࢥ㸧࡜ࡢ㛫࡛⮬⏤㈠᫆༠ᐃࡢ⥾⤖࡜࠸ࡗࡓព࿡࡛኱ࡁ࡞㌿᥮Ⅼ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ஦౛࡛࠶

ࡿࠋࡇࡢNAFTAࡀ⥾⤖ࡉࢀࡓ1994ᖺ௨㝆ࠊᙜ᫬ࡢࢡࣜࣥࢺࣥ኱⤫㡿ࡣከᅜ㛫㈠᫆༠ᐃࡢືྥࢆὀ どࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊᆅᇦ㛫ࠊ஧ᅜ㛫ࡢ㈠᫆༠ᐃࢆࡉࡽ࡟᥎㐍ࡋࡼ࠺࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋᙼࡣNAFTAࢆ୰༡⡿࡟

ᣑ኱ࡋFTAA㸦⡿ᕞ⮬⏤㈠᫆༠ᐃ㸧ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆィ⏬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ⮬⏤㈠᫆ࡸ⏕⏘ᣐⅬࡢᾏእ⛣

㌿࡟ࡼࡿ㞠⏝ࡢ႙ኻࢆᜍࢀࡿປാ⪅ࡸࠊ⎔ቃᇶ‽ࡀ⦆࠸࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࡬࡜௻ᴗࡀ⛣㌿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿ⎔

ቃᇶ‽ࡢࢲࣥࣆࣥࢢࢆᜍࢀࡿ⎔ቃᅋయᨭ᥼⪅ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᙼࡽࢆᨭᣢẕయ࡜ࡍࡿẸ୺ඪ㆟ဨࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍ

ࡿ཯ᑐ࡟ྜ࠸ࠊ⤖ᒁࠊᅾ௵୰NAFTA௨㝆᪂ࡓ࡞⮬⏤㈠᫆༠ᐃࢆ୍ࡘࡶ⥾⤖࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸¹⁵ࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓὶࢀ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ኚ໬ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࡢࡀࠊ2001ᖺ9᭶࡟⏕ࡌࡓྠ᫬ከⓎࢸ࡛ࣟ࠶ࡿࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᮏ ᅵࡀᨷᧁࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࠊ๓௦ᮍ⪺ࡢฟ᮶஦ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ෆእࡢᵝࠎ࡞ᨻ⟇ᙧᡂ࡟ከ኱࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼

ࡓࡀࠊ㈠᫆༠ᐃ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࡑࢀࡣ౛እ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࢸࣟࢆཷࡅ࡚ࣈࢵࢩࣗᨻᶒࡣࠊᑐࢸࣟᑐ⟇ࡢ

୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚⮬⏤㈠᫆༠ᐃࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࣈࢵࢩࣗᨻᶒࡣࠊ୰ᮾࡸ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝࡞࡝ࡢࢸࣟࣜࢫ ࢺࡢ ᗋ࡜࡞ࡿᆅᇦ࡟ඹ㏻ࡍࡿ኱ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘࡀ㈋ᅔ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࠊࡑࢀࡢゎᾘࡇࡑࡀ㛗ᮇⓗ࡟

ࢸࣟ㜵Ṇ࡟ᙺ❧ࡘ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ୍ᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚FTAࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ά⏝ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ¹⁶ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ

⮬⏤࡞㈠࣭᫆ᢞ㈨ࡢὶࢀ࠿ࡽ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࡀᡂຌࡍࢀࡤࠊேࠎࡢᡤᚓࡣୖ᪼ࡋࠊ㈋ᅔࡣῶᑡࡍࡿ࡜ࡢ⪃

࠼᪉࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ஺΅┦ᡭᅜࡢ㑅ᐃࡣࠊ⤒῭ⓗ฼┈࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟࡜ࡗ

࡚ࡢᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢ⌮⏤࠿ࡽ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋࡺ࠼࡟⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ẚ㍑ⓗᑠつᶍ࡞ᅜ࡜ࡢ஺΅ࡀ୪ࡪ ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡟ᮏ✏ࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡛࠶ࡿࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ᨻ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢFTAᨻ⟇᥎㐍ࡢഃ㠃ࡀ ๓㠃࡟ฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࣈࢵࢩࣗᨻᶒࡣ୰ᮾ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࣔࣟࢵࢥࠊࣂ࣮࣮ࣞࣥࠊ࣐࣮࢜ࣥ࡜FTAࢆ⥾⤖ࡋࠊ ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࢧ࢘ࢪ࢔ࣛࣅ࢔ࠊ࢚ࢪࣉࢺࠊ࢔ࣛࣈ㤳㛗㐃㑥㸦UAE㸧࡞࡝࡜ࡢFTAࡶ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ ᐇ⌧ࡣࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊFTAࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ୍ࡘ୍ࡘ⠏࠸࡚࠸ࡁࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟୰ᮾ඲ᇦ࡜ࡢ⮬⏤

㈠᫆༠ᐃࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࡶࠊࣈࢵࢩࣗᨻᶒࡣ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋ

ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᏳ඲ಖ㞀ᨻ⟇࡟ࡼࡾ㈠᫆ᨻ⟇࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣࠊ୰ᮾ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝௨እࡢᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ

ほᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ2005ᖺ࡟⥾⤖ࡉࢀࡓ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡜ࡢFTA࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࢸ

ࣟ࡜ࡢᡓ࠸࡛┕཭࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿព࿡ྜ࠸ࡀᙉ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊඖ᮶㎰ᴗᅜྠኈ ࡢFTAࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸≧ἣࡢ୰ࠊ➇தຊࡢ࠶ࡿ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢ㎰⏘ရࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᕷሙ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࢆᕠ ࡗ࡚஺΅ࡀ㞴⯟ࡋࡓᢡ࡟ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ഃࡀங〇ရࡸ◁⢾ࠊ∵⫗ࡢᕷሙ㛤ᨺࢆẁ㝵ⓗ࡟࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀᐇ⌧

ࢡࣜࣥࢺࣥᨻᶒୗࡢ㈠᫆༠ᐃ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ෠⏣ ᖺࢆཧ↷ࠋ

ྠ᫬ᮇࠊ㈠᫆༠ᐃ࡜ྠᵝ࡟᥼ຓᨻ⟇ࡶᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢࢶ࣮ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋヲࡋࡃࡣࠊᑠᕝ ᖺࢆཧ↷ࠋ

(6)

ࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓㆡṌࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊྜព࡟⮳ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿ ¹⁷ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣈࢵࢩ

ࣗᮇࡢFTAᨻ⟇࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊẸ୺ඪഃ࠿ࡽࡣ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ᜠᜨࡀぢ㎸ࡲࢀ࡞࠸࡜ࡢᢈุࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

౛࠼ࡤୖ㝔࡛㏻ၟၥ㢟ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿ㈈ᨻጤဨ఍ࡢ࣮࣎࢝ࢫ(Max Baucus)ጤဨ㛗㸦ᙜ᫬㸧ࡣࠊࠕ⤒῭ຠᯝ ࡀぢ㎸ࡵ࡞࠸ᑠᅜ࡜ࡢࡶࡢࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛ࠊFTAࢆ⤖ࡪព࿡ࡀ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ᢈุࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ¹⁸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᢈุ࠿

ࡽࡶࣈࢵࢩࣗᮇࡢ㏻ၟᨻ⟇ࡀࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ືᶵࡼࡾࡶᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢືᶵ࡟೫ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࡚࡜ࢀ

ࡿ¹⁹ࠋ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟2000ᖺ௦ࡣ1990ᖺ௦࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊᑐࢸࣟᑐ⟇ࡢྡ┠ࡢࡶ࡜ࠊ୰ᮾ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ᆅᇦࠊࡑ ࡋ࡚୰༡⡿ᆅᇦࢆᑐ㇟࡟άⓎ࡟FTAᨻ⟇ࡀ᥎㐍ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ2000ᖺ௦ࡶᚋ༙࡟

ධࡿ࡜ࢸࣟ࡬ࡢព㆑ࡶⷧࢀࠊ࢔ࣇ࢞ࢽࢫࢱࣥࠊ࢖ࣛࢡ࡛㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᑐࢸࣟᡓத⮬యࡶᅜẸ࠿ࡽ

ࡢᨭᣢࢆኻࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ୰࡛ࠊFTAᨻ⟇ࡢ᥎㐍࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶᚎࠎ࡟ᅜෆ࠿ࡽࡢᨭᣢࢆᚓࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸

ࡃࠋࡑࢀࡣ2000ᖺ௦ᚋ༙ࡢFTAᨻ⟇࡟⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨஧ᮇࣈࢵࢩࣗᮇࡢᚋᮇ࡟ࠊ㡑ᅜࠊࢥࣟࣥࣅ

࢔ࠊࣃࢼ࣐࡜ࡢ㛫࡛FTAࡀྜពࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢ3FTA࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣᅜෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ཯ᑐࡀ኱ࡁࡃࠊࣈࢵ

ࢩࣗᨻᶒࡢ௵ᮇෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᢈ෸ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྔࢃࡎࠊ࢜ࣂ࣐኱⤫㡿࡟ᨻᶒࡀ⛣ࡗࡓ2012ᖺ࡟࡞ࢇ࡜࠿

ᢈ෸ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣ࡟㝗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ஺΅ࡢྜព⮬యࡣࠊࢥࣟࣥࣅ࢔2006ᖺ2᭶ࠊࣃࢼ࣐2006ᖺ12

᭶ࠊࡑࡋ࡚㡑ᅜ2007ᖺ4᭶࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽᢈ෸ࡲ࡛5ᖺ㏆ࡃ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ

࠺࡟3FTAࡢᢈ෸ࡀ኱ᖜ࡟㐜ࢀࡓ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᑐࢸࣟᡓதࡢࡶ࡜ࡑࡢⓎゝࢆᢚ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠊࢢ

࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡸ⮬⏤㈠᫆ࡢ⾜ࡁ㐣ࡂ࠿ࡽࡢ⬣ጾࢆッ࠼ࡿປാ⤌ྜࡸ⎔ቃᅋయ➼ࡢࣜ࣋ࣛࣝὴ㐃ྜ࡜ࠊ ࡑࢀࢆᨭᣢẕయ࡜ࡍࡿẸ୺ඪ㆟ဨࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀᙉࡲࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ²⁰ࠋ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⮬⏤㈠᫆༠ᐃᨻ⟇ࢆぢ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜ࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢഃ㠃ࡀ⾲࡟ฟ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟

ࡣࠊࡑࡢᨻ⟇ࡀ㐍ࡴࡀࠊࡑࢀࡤᙅࡲࡿ࡜೵⁫ࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ≉ᚩࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࡣ࣮ࣟࢮࣥࣂ

࣮ࢢࡀゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᐇ㝿࡟Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢືᶵࡀ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ྰ࠿ࡣ࡜ࡶ࠿ࡃࠊᅜෆ࠿ࡽᨭᣢࢆᚓ

ࡿ࡟ࡣࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖ➼ࡢእ஺฼┈ࢆ⾲࡟ฟࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓព࿡࡛ࡣࠊ㏆ᖺFTAᨻ

⟇ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࡟ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᅜෆࡢ཯ᑐὴࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡶࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢ฼┈ࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ

࡞࠸≧ἣࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ௨ୗࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓほⅬ࠿ࡽTPPࢆᕠࡿᨻ⟇㐣⛬࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ぢ࡚

࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿࠋ

733ࢆࡵࡄࡿእ஺฼┈࡜⤒῭฼┈

TPP༠ᐃࡣ2006ᖺ5᭶࡟APEC࡟ຍ┕ࡍࡿࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࠊࢳࣜࠊࣈࣝࢿ࢖ࡢ 4ࣨᅜࡢ㛫࡛ⓎຠࡉࢀࡓP4㸦ࣃࢩࣇ࢕ࢵࢡ4㸧࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿFTAࢆẕయ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊཧຍᅜࢆᣑ኱ࡋࠊᢞ

ࣈࢵࢩࣗᨻᶒࡣྠ᫬ᮇ࡟ࠊ୰ᮾ௨እ࡟ࡶ୰༡⡿ㅖᅜ࡜ࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡟)7$ࡢ⥾⤖ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸦ࢳࣜࠊ࢚ࣝࢧࢻࣂࢻࣝࠊ

࣍ࣥࢪࣗࣛࢫࠊࢽ࢝ࣛࢢ࢔ࠊࢢ࢔ࢸ࣐ࣛࠊࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ඹ࿴ᅜࠊࢥࢫࢱࣜ࢝ࠊ࣮࣌ࣝ㸧ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᅜࠎࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶぶ⡿ㅖᅜ࡛࠶

ࡾࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓㅖᅜ࡜ࡢ)7$ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡜ゝ࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊእ஺ⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ຊࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓືᶵࡀ኱

ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ᱜෆᖺ㡫

኱▮᰿ࡣࠊࣈࢵࢩࣗᨻᶒࡀඃඛࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㛵୚࡜࠸࠺እ஺ⓗほⅬ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ⤒῭ⓗ㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸

࡞࠿ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋ≉࡟ྛ✀ࡢ)7$ࡀⓏሙࡋ࡚ศ⿣ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢ≧ἣࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⤒῭

ⓗ฼┈ࢆᦆࡡࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢᠱᛕࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸦኱▮᰿ᖺ㡫㸧ࠋ

≉࡟ࣃࢼ࣐࡜ࢥࣟࣥࣅ࢔࡜ࡢ)7$࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊປാၥ㢟ࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࡀ୺せࢸ࣮࣐࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊປാ⤌ྜࢆᨭᣢẕయ࡜ࡍ

ࡿẸ୺ඪࡢࣜ࣋ࣛࣝὴ㆟ဨ࠿ࡽࡢ཯ᑐࡀᙉ◳࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

(7)

㈨ࠊ㔠⼥ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࠊ㟁Ꮚྲྀᘬ࡞࡝ࡢศ㔝ࡶ㏣ຍࡍࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞㈠᫆༠ᐃࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ²¹ࠋ ࣈࢵࢩࣗᨻᶒࡣࠊᙜึ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢡࣜࣥࢺࣥ኱⤫㡿ࡀᥦၐࡋࡓ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ

⮬⏤㈠᫆ᅪ㸦FTAAP㸧ᵓ᝿ࡢᐇ⌧ࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓ ²²ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ ㅖᅜ࡟ࡲ࡛ᆅᇦⓗ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳࢆᣑࡆࠊAPECຍ┕ᅜ࡟ࡼࡿFTA⥾⤖ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓᗈᇦFTAᵓ᝿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࣈࢵࢩࣗᨻᶒࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ FTAAP ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᅜᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡟

㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋAPECࡣຍ┕ᅜࡶከࡃࠊFTAAPࡢᐇ⌧࡟ྥࡅࡓྜពࢆ▷ᮇ 㛫࡛ᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࠋᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟ࡣ୰ᅜࡸAEANࡢ୍㒊࡟ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝୺ᑟࢆ᎘࠸ࠊFTAAP

ࡼࡾࡶᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ඹྠయࡢᐇ⌧ࢆඃඛࡋࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼ࡀ᰿ᙉࡃ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊFTAAPࡢ ᥎㐍࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ASEAN㸩3ࡸASEAN㸩6࡟ࡼࡿᯟ⤌ࡳࡀᔂቯࡋ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸࡜ࡢᠱᛕࡶᏑᅾࡋࡓࠋࡇ࠺

ࡋࡓ஦᝟࠿ࡽࠊFTAAPࡢᐇ⌧ࡀ⌧ᐇⓗ࡛࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡓࣈࢵࢩࣗᨻᶒࡣࠊFTAAP࠿ࡽTPP࡬ࡢཧຍ

࡬࡜ᨻ⟇ࡢ㌶㐨ಟṇࢆỴ᩿ࡋࠊ2008ᖺ9᭶ࠊࣈࢵࢩࣗ኱⤫㡿ࡣTPP࡬ࡢཧຍ஺΅ࢆ㛤ጞࡍࡿ᪉㔪ࢆ

㆟఍࡟⾲᫂ࡋࡓࡢࡔࡗࡓ ²³ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࣈࢵࢩࣗ኱⤫㡿ࡢ௵ᮇ⤊஢㛫㝿࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊලయⓗ࡞஺΅

ࡣ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒ࡟ጤࡡࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ²⁴ࠋ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟TPP஺΅࡟ṇᘧ࡟ཧຍࢆỴࡵࡓ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝࠶ࡗࡓࡀ²⁵ࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࡀ ᚲࡎࡋࡶᅜෆ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡴࡋࢁࠊປാ⤌ྜࡸ⎔ቃᅋయࠊࡑࡋ࡚ேᶒᅋయ࡜

࠸ࡗࡓࣜ࣋ࣛࣝὴ㞟ᅋ࡜ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᅋయࢆᨭᣢẕయ࡜ࡍࡿẸ୺ඪ㆟ဨࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࠊTPP࡟ᑐࡍࡿᠱᛕ

࡜཯ᑐࡣᑠࡉ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊഴྥ࡜ࡋ࡚Ẹ୺ඪ㆟ဨ࡟⮬⏤㈠᫆࡟཯ᑐࡍࡿ㆟ဨࡀከ࠸

ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊẸ୺ඪࡢ኱⤫㡿ࡢሙྜࠊඹ࿴ඪࡢ኱⤫㡿࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜ᣑ኱ⓗ࡞㈠᫆ᨻ⟇ࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟

ࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞ᅔ㞴ࡀక࠺ࠋ☜࠿࡟㏆ᖺࠊẸ୺ඪ㆟ဨࡢ୰࡛ࡶࠊ⮬⏤㈠᫆ࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿࢽ࣮ࣗࢹࣔࢡࣛࢵ

ࢶࡀྎ㢌ࡋࠊ௚᪉⮬⏤㈠᫆ࢆᚿྥࡍࡿ㆟ဨࡢከ࠸ඹ࿴ඪෆ࡛ࡶࠊࢸ࢕࣮ࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕࣮㆟ဨࡢࡼ࠺࡞⮬

⏤㈠᫆࡟ᠱᛕࢆ♧ࡍಖᏲὴࡢྎ㢌࡟ࡼࡾ ²⁶ࠊ⏬୍ⓗ࡟ඹ࿴ඪ㆟ဨࡣ⮬⏤㈠࡛᫆Ẹ୺ඪ㆟ဨࡣ཯⮬⏤

㈠᫆ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࠊ࡜᩿ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋࡃࡣ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ ²⁷ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ㐣ཤ࠿

ࡽ2015ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢὶࢀࢆほᐹࡍࡿ㝈ࡾࡣࠊ⮬⏤㈠᫆࡟཯ᑐࡍࡿ㆟ဨࡀẸ୺ඪࡢ୺ὶ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᣦ᦬

ࡣࠊ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ1993ᖺ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓNAFTAࡢୗ㝔࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᥇ Ỵ࡛ࡣࠊ258ྡࡢẸ୺ඪ㆟ဨࡢ࠺ࡕ156ྡࡀἲ᱌࡟཯ᑐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡋࠊ1998ᖺࠊNAFTAࢆ୰༡⡿࡟ᣑ

኱ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࣇ࢓ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢵࢡἲ᱌᥇Ỵ㸦ࣇ࢓ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢵࢡ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣᚋ㏙㸧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ206

ྡࡢẸ୺ඪ㆟ဨࡢ࠺ࡕ171ྡࡀ཯ᑐࡢែᗘࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢢ࢔ࢸ࣐ࣛࠊ࢚ࣝࢧࣝࣂࢻࣝࠊࢥࢫࢱࣜ

࢝ࠊࢽ࢝ࣛࢢ࢔ࠊ࣍ࣥࢪࣗࣛࢫࡢ୰⡿5࢝ᅜ࡜ࡢFTA࡛࠶ࡿCAFTA㸦࢔࣓࣭ࣜ࢝୰⡿㛫⮬⏤㈠᫆

༠ᐃ㸧ࡢ2005ᖺ࡟ୗ㝔࡛ࡢ᥇Ỵ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ192ேࡢẸ୺ඪ㆟ဨࡢ࠺ࡕ187ேࡀ཯ᑐࡋࠊ2012ᖺࡢ

㤿⏣ᖺ㡫

ࢡࣜࣥࢺࣥ኱⤫㡿ࡣࠊᖺ࡟$3(&ࡢ)7$໬ࢆᥦၐࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

㤿⏣ᖺ㡫

ᖺ࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ733࡬ࡢཧຍࢆ⾲᫂ࡋࡓࡢ࡟⥆ࡁࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࠊ࣮࣌ࣝࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡶ733ཧຍࢆ⾲᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

࡞࠾ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣࠊཧຍ⾲᫂࡟ඛ❧ࡕ᪥ᮏࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡞࡝ᩘ࢝ᅜ࡟ࠊ୍⥴࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࿧ࡧ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ゝࢃࢀ

࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࿧ࡧ࠿ࡅ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࡣࠊᙜ᫬ࡢ⤒῭⏘ᴗ኱⮧࣭஧㝵ಇ༤㸦⮬⏤Ẹ୺ඪ࣭බ᫂ඪࡢ㐃❧ᨻᶒ㸧ࡀཧຍ࡟ពḧࢆ

ࡳࡏࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊཧຍࡣぢ㏦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

ᖺࡢ኱⤫㡿㑅ᣲ୰ࡣࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ733࡟㛵ࡋ࡚๓ྥࡁ࡞ែᗘࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࢜ࣂ࣐࡛࠶ࡗࡀࠊ኱⤫㡿࡟ᑵ௵ࡋ

ࣨ᭶ࡀ⤒ࡗࡓᖺ᭶ࠊᮾி࡟࠾࠸࡚࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢཧຍࢆṇᘧ࡟⾲᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

࢖ࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࡀ㐃㑥㆟ဨࡢ㏻ၟᨻ⟇㑅ዲ࡟ཬࡤࡍᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ෠⏣⸨⏣ᖺࢆཧ↷ࠋ

㏆ᖺࡣඹ࿴ඪᨭᣢ⪅ࡼࡾࡶẸ୺ඪᨭᣢ⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀ⮬⏤㈠᫆࡟㈶ᡂࡍࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢᣦ᦬ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦すᒣᖺ㡫㸧ࠋ

(8)

⡿㡑FTA࡛ࡣ192ேࡢẸ୺ඪ㆟ဨࡢ࠺ࡕ130ேࡀ཯ᑐࠊࡑࡋ࡚TPPࡢ⥾⤖࡟ࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶

ࡗࡓTPA(㈠᫆஺΅ᶒ㝈)ࡢ⋓ᚓࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ2015ᖺࡢTPAୗ㝔᥇Ỵ࡛ࡣࠊ188ேࡢẸ୺ඪ

㆟ဨࡢ࠺ࡕ158ேࡀ཯ᑐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚Ẹ୺ඪ㆟ဨࡢ㏻ၟ༠ᐃ⥾⤖࡬ࡢ཯ᑐࡀ⥅⥆ⓗ

࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿ²⁸ࠋ

࡞࠾ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣜ࣋ࣛࣝὴᅋయ࡜ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᅋయࢆᨭᣢẕయ࡜ࡍࡿẸ୺ඪ㆟ဨࡢ཯ᑐࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣࠊ TPPࢆᅜෆ࡛ᢈ෸ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞TPAᶒ㝈⋓ᚓ࡟㞴⯟ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝

ࡣ᠇ἲୖࠊ㏻ၟ஺΅ᶒ㝈ࡣ㆟఍࡟ᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㏻ၟ༠ᐃࡣ┦ᡭᅜ࡜ࡢᚤጁ࡞ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢୖ࡟࡛ࡁ࡚

࠾ࡾࠊ୍㒊࡛ࡶಟṇࡉࢀࡿ࡜┦ᡭᅜࡀ༠ᐃ⮬యࢆᣄྰࡍࡿᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ௚᪉ࠊ㆟఍ࡀᨻᗓ࡟TPA࡜

࿧ࡤࢀࡿ୍ᣓ஺΅ᶒࢆ௜୚ࡍࢀࡤࠊᨻᗓࡀ⥾⤖ࡋࡓ㏻ၟ༠ᐃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㆟఍ࡣࡇࢀࢆ඲㠃ⓗ࡟ᨭᣢࡍ

ࡿ࠿ྰᐃࡍࡿ࠿ࡢ஧⪅ᢥ୍ࡋ࠿⾜࠼ࡎࠊ㒊ศⓗ࡞ಟṇࡣ⾜࠼࡞࠸ ²⁹ࠋࡇࡢ TPA ࡣࣈࢵࢩࣗᨻᶒࡀ 2007ᖺ࡟ᮇ㛫ᘏ㛗ࢆồࡵࡓࡀࠊẸ୺ඪࡀከᩘࡢ㆟఍࡛཯ᑐ࡟࠶࠸ᣄྰࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊTPAࡀ୙ᅾࡢ≧

ἣ࡛TPP஺΅ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ³⁰ࠋ

ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ࢜ࣂ࣐኱⤫㡿ࡀTPP஺΅ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟㆟఍࠿ࡽಟṇࢆせồࡀ࠶ࡿ

ࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡛ࡣ஺΅┦ᡭᅜ࠿ࡽࡍࡿ࡜ࠊಙ㢗࡛ࡁࡿ஺΅┦ᡭ࡜ࡋ࡚࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ

࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡺ࠼࡟ࠊTPP஺΅ࢆ⥾⤖ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ෆ࡛ࡢTPAࡢ᚟άࡀᚲせ᮲

௳࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࢜ࣂ࣐኱⤫㡿ࡣఱᗘࡶTPA⋓ᚓࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢࢆ᥈ࡾࠊ࡞ࢇ࡜࠿

TPAἲ᱌ࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡼ࠺࡜ດຊࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒ࡜ࡑࡢᨭ᥼⪅ࡣTPAἲ᱌࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ࡞࠿࡞

࠿ᡂ❧ࡢ┠㏵ࡀ❧ࡓࡎ࡟㆟఍᥇Ỵ࡟࠿ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ2015ᖺ6᭶ࠊᨻᶒࡣ㆟఍ࡢ㈶ᡂ ὴ࡜༠ຊࡋࠊ௚ࡢἲ᱌࡜ᢪࡁ㎸ࡴ࡞࡝ࠊᵝࠎ࡞㆟఍ᕤసࢆ㥑౑ࡋ࡚ࠊ࡞ࢇ࡜࠿TPAࡢ⋓ᚓ࡟ࡇࡂࡘ ࡅࡓࡢࡔࡗࡓ³¹ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶศ࠿

ࡿࡼ࠺࡟TPPࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᅜෆ࡛཯

ᑐࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣ᠜␲ⓗ࡞ໃຊࡀࠊୡㄽࠊ

㆟఍ࢆྵࡵ࡚ᑠࡉࡃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶

ࡿ㸦2016ᖺ4᭶ࡢୡㄽㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ

඲య࡛ TPP࡟㈶ᡂ26㸣ࠊ཯ᑐ 29㸣

࡜ࠊ཯ᑐࡀ㈶ᡂࢆୖࡲࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ³²㸧ࠋ ࡘࡲࡾ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ TPP஺΅

ࡢ᥎㐍࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣỴࡋ࡚⡆༢࡞࣑ࢵ

ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ³³ࠋ

/HJLVODWLRQ,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHP/,6

ᖺࡲ࡛ࡣࣇ࢓ࢫࢺ࣭ࢺࣛࢵࢡᶒ㝈࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᖺ௨㝆73$࡜ྡ⛠ࡀኚ᭦ࡉࢀࡓࠋ

ᮌᮧᖺ㡫ࠋ

73$ἲ᱌⮬యࠊ㈶ᡂࠊ཯ᑐ࡜ഹᕪ࡛ࡢྍỴ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࡇࡢ㐌㛫๓࡟ࡶ᥇Ỵࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ㈶ᡂከ

ᩘ࡛ྰỴࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࡞࠾࢜ࣂ࣐኱⤫㡿ࡀ73$ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊΏ㎶ᖺ࡟ヲࡋࡃㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸

ࡿࠋ

ᖺࡢ኱⤫㡿㑅ᣲ࡛ࢺࣛࣥࣉᨭᣢ࡟ࡲࢃࡗࡓ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࢝ࣛປാ⪅ᒙࡣࠊ࣍࣡࢖ࢺ࣭࣮࢝ࣛࡢປാ⪅࡟ẚ࡭࡚

཯ᑐࡢ๭ྜࡀ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ㧗ࡃࠊࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࢝ࣛປാ⪅ࡀࡼࡾ733࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᢈุⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ

ᖺࡢ኱⤫㡿㑅ᣲ࡛ඹ࿴ඪࡢࢺࣛࣥࣉೃ⿵ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡢᅜົ㛗ᐁ᫬௦࡟733ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿᙺ๭࡟࠶ࡗࡓẸ୺

ඪࡢࣄ࣮࣭ࣛࣜࢡࣜࣥࢺࣥೃ⿵ࡲ࡛ࡶࡀࠊ733࡟཯ᑐࡢែᗘࢆᡴࡕฟࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᅜෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ733࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㏫

㢼ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡀぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿࠋ

26%

32%

24%

29%

28%

33%

45%

40%

43%

඲ య

࣍ ࣡ ࢖ ࢺ ࢝ ࣛ ࣮

ࣈ ࣝ ࣮ ࢝ ࣛ ࣮

㈶ᡂ ཯ᑐ ศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸

図2：TPPに対するアメリカ国内の世論

出典：Morning Consult poll.より作成

(9)

4㸬࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᑐእᨻ⟇࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢ㔜せᛶ

࡛ࡣ࡞ࡐࠊ࢜ࣂ࣐኱⤫㡿ࡣᅜෆ࠿ࡽேẼࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠼ࡎࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ㊊ඖࡢẸ୺ඪ㆟ဨ࠿ࡽ཯ᑐ ࡢከ࠸TPPࢆ᥎㐍ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡢ㏻ၟᨻ⟇ࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞

FTAࡢ᥎㐍➼ࡢᣑ኱ⓗ࡞㏻ၟᨻ⟇࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ๓ྥࡁ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴጼໃࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣࠊ⮬⏤㈠᫆ࡢ᥎㐍࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᨻᶒ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ³⁴ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰ࠊTPP࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ౛እ

ⓗ࡟ࡑࡢᐇ⌧࡟ྥࡅ࡚άⓎ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣఱࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࢁ

࠿ࠋ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒ⮬㌟ࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㏻ၟ࣮ࣝࣝసࡾ࡜ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥ

ࢫ࡬⦰ᑠ࡬ࡢᠱᛕࢆࠊ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋTPPࡀᚲせ࡞⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

➨୍࡟ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㏻ၟ࣮ࣝࣝࡢసᡂ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡀTPP࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࠕa high-standard, 21st century trade agreementࠖࡢ㈠᫆༠ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟㢧ⴭ࡟⾲

ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ³⁵ࠋࡇࢀࡀព࿡ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡣࠊ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࠊ➇தᨻ⟇ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ປാࠊ⎔ቃ࡞࡝ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛

࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ⥾⤖ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓFTAࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࢆໟᣓࡍࡿ࣮ࣝࣝࢆసᡂࡍࡿሙᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊTPPࡀ᭱㐺࡛

࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ከᅜ㛫ࡢ㈠᫆༠ᐃࡀ⾜ࡁワࡲࡗ࡚௨㝆ࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟ඹ㏻࡞㏻ၟ࣮ࣝࣝ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣὶືⓗ࡞≧ἣ࡟࠶

ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣࡢ୰ࠊேཱྀࡀከࡃ⤒῭ᡂ㛗⋡ࡶ㧗࠸ᅜࡀከ࠸ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㏻ၟ༠ᐃ࡛

࠶ࡿTPP࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ௒ᚋࡢᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㏻ၟ࣮ࣝࣝᙧᡂ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ຊࢆ୚࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋࡑ

࠺ࡋࡓᑗ᮶ᛶࡢ㧗࠸TPP࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ⤒῭ⓗつᶍ➼࠿ࡽ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ஺΅ຊࡣᢸಖࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ

࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀᮃࡴࡼ࠺࡞࣮ࣝࣝࢆ⟇ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝

ࡢ౯್ほࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓ༠ᐃෆᐜࢆసᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ࢔࣮ࣜࢼ࡜ࡋ࡚᭱㐺࡛࠶ࡿTPPࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ௒ᚋ ࡢᅜ㝿ඹ㏻ࡢ㏻ၟ࣮ࣝࣝసᡂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ฼ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡣTPP᥎㐍ࡢ⌮⏤ࢆㄝ

᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

➨஧࡟ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣉࣞࢮࣥࢫࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡟ࡣࠊ2005 ᖺ4᭶࡟୰ᅜࡀᥦ᱌ࡋࡓᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔⮬⏤㈠᫆ᅪᵓ᝿(ASEAN㸩3)ࠊࡑࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࡀ2007ᖺ6᭶࡟ᥦ᱌ࡋ ࡓᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ໟᣓⓗ⤒῭㐃ᦠᵓ᝿㸦ASEAN㸩6㸧࡜࠸ࡗࡓᆅᇦ⤒῭༠ᐃᵓ᝿ࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ࢔

࣓ࣜ࢝ᢤࡁࡢFTAᵓ᝿࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓFTAᵓ᝿ࡀ㐍ࡵࡤࠊᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜࡞ࡀࡽ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ

࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢫࡀపୗࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣண ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡺ࠼࡟2000ᖺ௦ᚋ༙௨㝆ࠊࣈࢵࢩࣗࠊ ࡑࡋ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᢤࡁࡢFTAᵓ᝿ࡀ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡛㐍ࡴࡇ࡜࡟ⱔ❧ࡕࢆᙉࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ᐇ㝿ࠊ2010ᖺࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛USTRࡣࠊࠕ࠸ࡲࡸ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡟ࡣ180௳ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᆅᇦ㈠᫆༠ᐃࡀᐇ

᪋ࡉࢀࠊࡉࡽ࡟஺΅୰ࡢࡶࡢࡀ⣙70௳ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ⡿ᅜࡣࡇࢀࡽ࡟ຍࢃࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ࠊ

࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀᡂ㛗ⴭࡋ࠸࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᆅᇦ⤒῭⤫ྜᵓ᝿࠿ࡽእࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣜࢫࢡ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㆙㚝ࢆ㬆ࡽࡋ࡚

࠸ࡓ ³⁶ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᅜ㝿⎔ቃࢆኚ᭦ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡶࠊTPPࡣ᫝ࡀ㠀࡛ࡶ㐍ࡵࡿ࡭ࡁඃඛ㡰఩ࡢ㧗࠸ᨻ⟇ࡔ

࡜ᨻᶒࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡣTPPࢆ฿㐩Ⅼ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼ࡎ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࢆᣑ኱ࡋAPEC

඲ᇦࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᑗ᮶ᵓ᝿ࢆࡶ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࣈࢵࢩࣗ኱⤫㡿ࡀ 2006 ᖺ 11 ᭶࡟

࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡢᩘᑡ࡞࠸㏻ၟᡂᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᖺࡢࣟࢩ࢔࡬ࡢᜏஂⓗṇᖖ㈠᫆㛵ಀ㸦3175㸧ࡢ௜୚ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

͆)$&76+((77KH8QLWHG6WDWHVLQWKH7UDQV3DFLILF3DUWQHUVKLS͇7KH:KLWH+RXVH1RYHPEHU

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APECࣁࣀ࢖఍㆟࡛࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ⮬⏤㈠᫆ᅪ㸦FTAAP㸧ᵓ᝿ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࠊࡑࡢ㸰ᖺᚋ࡟TPP࡬ࡢཧຍ

ࢆ⾲᫂ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊTPPࢆFTAAPᐇ⌧࡬ࡢ✺◚ཱྀ࡜ࡋࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢᵓ᝿ࢆ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡣᘬࡁ⥅

࠸࡛࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣඛ࡟㏙࡭ࡓ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

733ࡢ⤒῭ⓗഃ㠃࡜Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ⓗഃ㠃

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡢTPP᥎㐍ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊఱࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ゝ࠺࡜ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ TPPᨻ⟇ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊFTAᨻ⟇᥎㐍ࡢ஧ࡘࡢᰕ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞฼┈࡜Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢ฼┈ࡢࡼ࠺࡞

እ஺฼┈ࡀࠊᨻ⟇Ỵ㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ௨ୗࠊ୰ᅜࡢᑐ࢔ࢪ࢔

ኴᖹὒᡓ␎࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ a. ⤒῭ⓗືᶵ

➨୍࡟⤒῭ⓗせᅉ࠿ࡽTPPᨻ⟇ࡢព⩏ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ2000ᖺ௦ᚋ༙௨㝆ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝⤒῭ࡔࡅ࡟␃ࡲ

ࡽࡎୡ⏺⤒῭ࡢᠱᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡢࡀࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡞⤒ᖖ཰ᨭࡢ୙ᆒ⾮ࢆᣦࡍࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝ࢖

ࣥࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᕧ኱࡞⤒ᖖ཰ᨭ㉥Ꮠࡀ㛗ᖺ࡟Ώࡗ࡚⥆ࡃ୍᪉࡛ࠊ୰

ᅜࢆጞࡵ࡜ࡋࡓ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡸ⏘Ἔᅜࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ⤒ᖖ཰ᨭ㯮Ꮠࡀ⥆ࡃ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡀ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ ࡍࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢṔ௦኱⤫㡿࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡣᖖ࡟ఱࡽ࠿ࡢᑐᛂࢆ㏕ࡽࢀࡿၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ ³⁷ࠋࡑ

࠺ࡋࡓ୰࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㍺ฟᣑ኱ࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝ࢖ࣥࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢၥ㢟ࢆ⦆࿴

ࡉࡏࡼ࠺࡜⪃࠼ࠊࡑࡇ࡛ᡴࡕฟࡉࢀࡓࡢࡀࠊ2010ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓᅜᐙ㍺ฟᵓ᝿㸦NEI㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇ

ࢀࡣ2015ᖺࡲ࡛࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㍺ฟࢆಸቑࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᵓ᝿ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊእ㟂౫Ꮡᅜ ࡣෆ㟂ࢆ㧗ࡵࠊෆ㟂౫Ꮡᅜࡣእ㟂ࡢ౫Ꮡࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝ࢖ࣥࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀᨵၿࡉࢀࠊ

⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ୡ⏺⤒῭ࡢᏳᐃ໬ࡀ㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢᅜᐙ㍺ฟᵓ᝿࡟ࡣࠊ࢔࣓

ࣜ࢝ᅜෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㞠⏝ࡢᣑ኱࡜࠸ࡗࡓពᅗࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᐇ㝿ࠊUSTRࡣࠊ10᠈ࢻࣝࡢၟရ㍺ฟ ࡣ6000ேࠊ10᠈ࢻࣝࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㍺ฟࡣ4500ேࡢ㞠⏝ࢆ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᅜෆ࡟⏕ࡴ࡜ࡢヨ⟬ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸࠸

ࡓࡢࡔࡗࡓ³⁸ࠋ

࡛ࡣࠊ࡝࠺ࡍࢀࡤୖグィ⏬ࡣᐇ⌧ྍ⬟ࡔ࡜ᨻᶒࡣ⪃࠼ࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋᨻᶒࡀ┠ࢆࡘࡅࡓࡢࡀ࢔ࢪ

࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࣁ࣡࢖࡟࠶ࡿࢩࣥࢡࢱࣥࠊᮾすࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦East-West Center㸧ࡢヨ⟬࡟ࡼࡿ

࡜ࠊᙜ᫬࡛࢔ࢪ࢔ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㍺ฟ㞠⏝ࡢ27㸣ࢆ༨ࡵࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ྥࡅ㍺ฟ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓ㞠⏝

ࡣࠊ2002-06ᖺ࡟ 12㸣ᣑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ྥࡅࡢ㍺ฟࡀ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㞠⏝ࡢ๰ฟ࡟኱ࡁࡃ㈉⊩ࡋ࡚

࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ³⁹ࠋ௚᪉ࠊUSTRࡢヨ⟬࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊࡶࡋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢᆅᇦ㈠᫆༠ᐃ

࡟ຍࢃࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㍺ฟࡣᖺ㛫250᠈ࢻࣝῶᑡࡍࡿ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⁴⁰ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ᝟ሗ

࠿ࡽࡣࠊTPP ࡟ຍࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ഃ㠃࠿ࡽ኱ࡁ࡞ព⩏࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠼ࡿࠋ≉࡟࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒ ࡢᑵ௵᫬ᮇ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ2008ᖺࡢ࣮࣐ࣜࣥࢩࣙࢵࢡࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ኱ࡁࡃṧࡿ᫬ᮇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ

࢝⤒῭ࢆ❧࡚࡞࠾ࡍᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᡂ㛗ⴭࡋ࠸᪂⯆ᅜࡀࡦࡋࡵࡃ࢔ࢪ࢔࡜⤒῭㛵ಀࢆ῝໬ࡉࡏࡿ࡜࠸

࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊTPPࢆ㐍ࡵࡿୖ࡛㔜せ࡞せᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋࡓࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࢺࣛࣥࣉ኱⤫㡿ࡣ㛵⛯ᥐ⨨ࡢᣑ኱࡜࠸ࡗࡓಖㆤ୺⩏࡟ࡼࡾࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟ᑐฎࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

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b. Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ⓗືᶵ

௚᪉ࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣࠊTPPࡢព⩏ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ㏆ᖺࡢᅜ㝿♫

఍࡟࠾࠸࡚Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࠊ࢖ࣥࢻὒ࠿ࡽ᪥ᮏᾏ࡟⮳ࡿࠕ୙Ᏻᐃ࡞ᘼࠖ

࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᅜ㜵ண⟬ࡢ⦰ᑠ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᢚṆຊࡢపୗ

ࢆᠱᛕࡍࡿኌࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ෆእ࡟ᄇฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⁴¹ࠋ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡣྠᆅᇦ࡬ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢫ☜ಖࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ

㌷஦ຊ⦰ᑠࢆ⿵᏶ࡍࡿᙧ࡛TPPࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈠᫆༠ᐃࡢά⏝ࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋᐇ㝿࢜ࣂ࣐኱⤫㡿ࡶࠊ2011 ᖺ11᭶ࡢ㇦ᕞ఍㆟࡟࠾ࡅࡿ₇ㄝ࡛ࠊࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ21ୡ⣖ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ࡟ࡍ࡭࡚ࢆᠱࡅࡿࠋ࣭࣭࣭

࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣኴᖹὒᅜᐙ࡛࠶ࡾ⥆ࡅࠊ⚾ࡣ኱⤫㡿࡜ࡋ࡚࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡸ᪥ᮏ࡞࡝ࡢぶࡋ࠸ྠ┕ᅜ࡜

࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦࡢᮍ᮶ࢆᙧ࡙ࡃࡿ㛗ᮇⓗ࠿ࡘ኱ࡁ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠖ࡜࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡟

࠾࠸࡚ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢫࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࡇࡢ఍㆟ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ2001ᖺࡢྠ᫬ከⓎࢸ

ࣟ௨㝆ࠊ୰ᮾ࡟⨨࠸࡚࠸ࡓእ஺ᨻ⟇ࡢ㍈㊊㸦ࣆ࣎ࢵࢺ㸧ࢆ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿ࡜ࡢࠕࣆ࣎ࢵࢺᨻ⟇ࠖ

ࢆึࡵ࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓⓎゝ࡛㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊྠ┕ᅜ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡛ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ

ᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ ⁴²ࠋࡘࡲࡾⓎゝࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊྠ┕ᅜ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᅜࠊࡘࡲ

ࡾࡣ୰ᅜࡢࡇ࡜ࡀᛕ㢌࡟࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡣ 2010 ᖺ᪥ᮏࢆᢤ࠸࡚ୡ⏺➨஧఩ࡢ⤒῭኱ᅜ࡟ୖ

ࡾࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ࡶࡑࡢᅜຊࡣቑ኱ࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ ⁴³ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⭾ᙇࢆ⥆ࡅࡿ୰ᅜ࡜ࠊ

࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᑐᓖࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿ࡣࠊ2010ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝እ஺࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭱㔜せㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ᛴ㏿࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢぞᶒࢆࡶ⬣࠿ࡍࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿ୰ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⌧᫬

Ⅼ࡛ࡣ㛗ᖺࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡞ᅜ㝿࣮ࣝࣝᙧᡂࡸ⥔ᣢࢆ⾜࠺ࡼ࠺࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆ

ྲྀࡿពᛮࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࠊᮍࡔ୙㏱᫂ឤࡀᙉ࠸࡜ከࡃࡢ㆑⪅ࡣᣦ᦬ࡍࡿ ⁴⁴ࠋ௚᪉ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᆅ⌫኱

࡛ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿពᅗࡣ୙᫂࡞୰ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ✚ᴟⓗ࡟࣮ࣜ

ࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆ࡜ࡿពᛮࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ᪥୰㡑FTAᵓ᝿ࡸᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔FTAᵓ᝿㸦᪥୰㡑㸩࢔ࢭ࢔

ࣥ㸧ࠊRCEPࠊࡑࡋ࡚AIIB㸦࢔ࢪ࢔࢖ࣥࣇࣛᢞ㈨㖟⾜㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤒῭༠ᐃࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜

࠿ࡽࡶ᫂࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୰ᅜࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢⓎ㟢࡟ࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡜ᙺ๭ࡀ⦰ᑠࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᜍࢀࠊᠱᛕࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿ ⁴⁵ࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࡇ࠺ࡋ ࡓᠱᛕࢆゎᾘࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡋ࡚୰ᅜ࡟ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦ࡛ᑐᢠࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺እ஺ⓗ࡞┠ⓗ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࢜

ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࢆTPPࡢᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞᥎㐍࡟኱ࡁ࡞ࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ⁴⁶ࠋ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟୰ᅜ࡬ࡢᑐᢠᥐ⨨࡜ࡋ࡚TPPࢆ⪃࠼ࡓ᫬࡟ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࠿ࡽ࡜ࡗ࡚㔜せ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ ࡀࠊᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ኱ᅜࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀTPP஺΅࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ ᚋࡶࠊ᪥ᮏࡣࡇࡢ༠ᐃ࡬ࡢែᗘࢆ㩭᫂࡟ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᆅᇦࡢ኱ᅜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ

࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢྠ┕ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ᪥ᮏࡀ TPP ࡟ཧຍࡍࢀࡤࠊ୰ᅜ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ኱ࡁ࡞≌ไ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

㪒ᒸᖺ㡫

&KRL

㪒ᒸᖺ㡫

%URRNVDQG:RKOIRUWK

)ULHGEHUJ0HDUVKHLPHU

࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᨻ἞⤒῭ⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ຊࢆಖᣢࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛733ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢᣦ᦬ࡣᩓぢࡉࢀࡿ㸦5RZOH\

㸧ࠋ

(12)

ࡺ࠼࡟ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣTPP஺΅࡟ཧຍࡋࡓ2010ᖺ௨㝆ࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡟᪥ᮏࢆTPP࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡼ࠺ാࡁ࠿

ࡅࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ⁴⁷ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࠿ࡽࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ2013ᖺ3᭶࡟TPP஺΅

࡟ཧຍࢆ⾲᫂ࡍࡿࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋ௚᪉ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ᪥ᮏࡢ⾜ື࡟↔ࡾࢆឤࡌࡓࡢࡀ୰ᅜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋTPP ࡜

࠸࠺୰ᅜࡀཧຍࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㈠᫆༠ᐃࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜᪥ᮏ࡜࠸࠺GDPୡ⏺1఩࡜3఩ࡢᅜࡀ ཧຍࡋࡓ஦ែࡣࠊ୰ᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣᑗ᮶ⓗ࡞࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢ⤒῭࣮ࣝࣝࡢసᡂ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶࠊ 㐜ࢀࢆ࡜ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ஦ែࢆཷࡅ࡚୰ᅜࡶᑐᢠᥐ⨨ࢆྲྀࡿࠋ ࡑࢀࡀRCEPࡢ᥎㐍࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

RCEPࡣࠊ2011ᖺ11᭶࡟㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌ࡀᥦၐࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋ୰ᅜࢆྵࡴ16ࣨᅜ࡟ࡼࡿ㆟ㄽࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ 2012ᖺ11᭶ࡢ㸿㹑㹃㸿㹌㛵㐃㤳⬻఍ྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ṇᘧ࡟஺΅ࡀ❧ࡕୖࡆࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᗈ ᇦ⤒῭㐃ᦠࡀᐇ⌧ࡍࢀࡤࠊேཱྀ34൨ே㸦ୡ⏺඲యࡢ⣙༙ศ㸧ࠊ㹅㹂㹎⣙㸰㸮඙ࢻࣝ㸦ୡ⏺඲యࡢ⣙

㸱๭㸧㈠᫆⥲㢠⣙㸯㸮඙ࢻࣝ(ୡ⏺඲యࡢ⣙㸱๭㸧ࢆ༨ࡵࡿᕧ኱⤒῭ᅪࡀฟ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ⁴⁸ࠋ ࡇࡢRCEPࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢ஺΅ཧຍᅜ࡟୰ᅜࡀ࠸ࡿ୍᪉ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ୙ᅾ࡞ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ

ࢀࡣTPP࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸦2017ᖺ1᭶ࡲ࡛㸧ࠊ୰ᅜࡀ୙ᅾ࡞ࡇ࡜࡜ᑐ⛠ⓗ࡛࠶

ࡿࠋ

୰ᅜࡣ᪥ᮏࡀTPPཧຍࢆ⾲᫂ࡋࡓ2013ᖺ3᭶ࡢ2ࣨ᭶ᚋ࡟࠶ࡓࡿ5᭶࡟ࠊ➨1ᅇࡢRCEP㛶൉

఍㆟ࢆࣈࣝࢿ࢖࡛㛤ദࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࠊRCEPࡢ᥎㐍ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚TPP࡟ᑐᢠࡍࡿጼໃࢆ᫂☜࡟ᡴࡕฟࡍࡼ࠺

࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ୰ᅜ࡟ᑐᢠࡋ࡚TPPࢆ᥎㐍ࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆཷࡅ࡚୰ᅜࡶRCEP

ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣఱࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ⡿୰ࡀ➇தࡍࡿせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ஧ࡘࡢ⤒῭༠ᐃࡀᚿྥࡍࡿࣝ

࣮ࣝࡀ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ㈠᫆༠ᐃࢆ⤖ࡧ㝿࡟㔜どࡍࡿせ௳࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊձ▱ⓗ㈈⏘

ᶒࡢಖㆤࠊղᅜ᭷௻ᴗࡢ᤼㝖ࠊճປാᇶ‽ࡢ㑂Ᏺ�ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ௚᪉ࠊ୰ᅜࡀ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿRCEPࡣࡇ࠺

ࡋࡓせ௳࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㓄៖ࡀⷧ࠸ࠋ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࡢಖㆤつᐃࡣ⬤ᙅ࡛࠶ࡿࡋࠊᅜ᭷௻ᴗࡀ⮬⏤ᕷሙ⤒῭ࢆ

ṍࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព㆑ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ປാ⪅ࡢᶒ฼ಖㆤ࡞࡝ࡢேᶒࡢᴫᛕࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ௚᪉࢔࣓

ࣜ࢝ࡀ⮬⏤㈠᫆༠ᐃࢆ⥾⤖ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣࠊ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒಖㆤࡢᐇ⌧ཬࡧປാᇶ‽ࡢ㑂Ᏺ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ࣮ࣝࣝ

ࢆྵࡴࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᅜෆ࠿ࡽᨭᣢࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ୙ྍḞ࡞せ⣲࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓせ௳ࡀྵࡲࢀ

࡞࠸㈠᫆༠ᐃࡣࠊ๓⪅ࡣ௻

ᴗ࡜ࡑࢀࢆᨭᣢẕయ࡜ࡍࡿ

ඹ࿴ඪ㆟ဨ࠿ࡽࠊᚋ⪅ࡣປ

ാ⤌ྜ࡜ࡑࢀࢆᨭᣢẕయ࡜

ࡍࡿࣜ࣋ࣛࣝὴࡢẸ୺ඪ㆟

ဨ࠿ࡽ㈶ᡂࢆᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸࠿

ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡲࡓ୰ᅜࢆጞࡵࠊ᪂⯆ᅜ

ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ᅜ᭷௻ᴗࡢᏑᅾࡀ

┠❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡬ࡢᠱᛕ

&KRL㸹7DNDVKL

እົ┬+3㸺KWWSVZZZPRIDJRMSPRIDMILOHVSGI㸼㸦ᖺ᭶᪥㜀ぴ㸧ࠋ

೧೧೧೧೧೧೧೧೧೧೧೧೧

஦ࠅةۂ ࠅ༙ةۂ 図3：中国における国有企業の重要性

（フォーチュン・グローバル企業500社における中国企業数の推移）

出典：FORTUNE GLOBAL 500＜http://fortune.com/global500/＞より作成

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࡜㆙ᡄᚰࡶ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿࠋᕷሙཎ⌮ࢆᑟධࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊᨻᗓࡀᅜ᭷௻ᴗ࡞࡝ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚✚ᴟⓗ࡟௓

ධࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࠕᅜᐙ㈨ᮏ୺⩏ࠖ࡜ゝ࠺ࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡸࣟࢩ࢔࡞࡝࡛ࡣࠊ㔠⼥ࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࠊ㏻ಙࠊ⮬ື㌴

࡞࡝ࡢ㔜せ⏘ᴗࡢ኱༙ࡣࠊᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᭷ᙧ↓ᙧࡢᨭ᥼ࢆཷࡅࡓᅜ᭷௻ᴗࡀ⊂༨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ

࡚࠸ࡿ⁴⁹ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ୰ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ2015ᖺ௨㝆ࠊࡑࡢ๭ྜࡣపୗࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ᅜ᭷௻

ᴗࡀ༨ࡵࡿ๭ྜࡣ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿ⁵⁰ࠋ

ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᅜ᭷௻ᴗࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡢఙ㛗࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᅜෆ࡛ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰ᅜࡢᅜᐙ୺⩏ࡀ࢔࣓

ࣜ࢝௻ᴗࡢ➇தຊࢆ⬣࠿ࡍ࡜ࡢᠱᛕࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ ⁵¹ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㆟఍ࡢㅎၥᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿ⡿୰

⤒῭Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ㄪᰝጤဨ఍ࡣࠊ2011ᖺ10᭶ࠊࠕ୰ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅜ᭷௻ᴗ࡜ᅜᐙ㈨ᮏ୺⩏ࡢศᯒࠖ࡜㢟ࡍ

ࡿሗ࿌᭩ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࠊᅜ᭷௻ᴗࡢᙺ๭ࢆ㐣ᑡホ౯ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࡞࠸࡜㆙ྃࢆⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ⁵²ࠋ௚࡟ࡶࠊ⡿୰

⤒῭Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ㄪᰝጤဨ఍ࡢ๪ጤဨ㛗ࢆົࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࢩ࢙࢖㸦Dennis Shea㸧㸦ᙜ᫬㸧ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢᅜ᭷௻ᴗ ࡣ୰ᅜᨻᗓࡢᡭ㊊࡜࡞ࡗ࡚⾜ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ௻ᴗ࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝௻ᴗࡢ㈙཰ࢆㄆࡵ࡚

ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜㆙ᡄឤࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⁵³ࠋ

ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୰ᅜࡢᅜᐙ㈨ᮏ୺⩏࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣTPPࡢ⥾⤖࡟ࡼࡾ୰ᅜໟᅖ⥙ࢆᙧᡂࡋࠊ୰ᅜ ࡢᅜ᭷௻ᴗᨵ㠉ࢆಁࡑ࠺࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ2012 ᖺࣔࣟࢵࢥ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡓG20 እ┦఍㆟࡟࠾࠸

࡚ࠊࢡࣜࣥࢺࣥᅜົ㛗ᐁ㸦ᙜ᫬㸧ࡣࠕ୰ᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚TPP࡟ཧຍࡋࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࢆ㧗ࡵ

ࡉࡏࠊཧຍࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ⮬ࡽኚ㠉ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊ୰ᅜ࡬ࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ TPPࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᅜᐙ㈨ᮏ୺⩏࡜㜚࠺ᵓ࠼࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ⁵⁴ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⫼ᬒࢆ㚷ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ࢜ࣂ࣐

኱⤫㡿࡟ࡼࡿࠕTPP࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ୰ᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚❆ࢆ㛢ࡌࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᖖ࡟㛤࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜ࡢබ ᘧぢゎࡣࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶᮏᚰࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋTPPࡀཝ᱁࡞▱ⓗ㈈⏘ಖㆤࡢ

࣮ࣝࣝ࡜ᅜ᭷௻ᴗࡢάືࡢつไ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࠊ୰ᅜࡀ฿ᗏཷࡅධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࣮ࣝࣝࢆタᐃࡍࡿ

௨ୖࠊᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟ࡣ୰ᅜࢆ⥾ࡵฟࡍ༠ᐃ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ᫂ⓑ࡛࠶ࡿ⁵⁵ࠋ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟TPPࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡜࠸ࡗࡓ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢྠ┕ᅜࢆྵࡴࡇ࡜࡟࢔࣓

ࣜ࢝ࡀᣊࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡜ࠊࡑࡇ࡛ᡴࡕฟࡉࢀࡓ㏻ၟ࣮ࣝࣝࡀ୰ᅜ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᤼௚ⓗഃ㠃ࡀᙉ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ

⪃៖ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊTPP ࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୰ᅜࡢᙳ㡪ຊᢚไ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ྜ࠸ࡀᙉ࠿ࡗࡓࠊࡘࡲ

ࡾࡣእ஺ୖࡢ┠ⓗࡀࡑࡢ᥎㐍࡟࠾࠸࡚኱ࡁࡃస⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ⁵⁶ࠋ

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୰ᅜࡢᅜ᭷௻ᴗࡢ⌧≧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊΏ㎶ᖺࢆཧ↷ࠋ

࢔࣓ࣜ࢝௨እࡢඛ㐍ᅜࡶࠊ⮬ᅜࡢᅜ᭷௻ᴗ࡟᭷฼࡞ࡼ࠺࡟ᕷሙ࡟௓ධࡍࡿ᪂⯆ᅜࡢᅜᐙ㈨ᮏ୺⩏࡟ⱔ❧ࡕࢆᙉࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜

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㛗㇂ᕝࡣࠊ⤒῭ࡀᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡉࢀࡿሙྜࢆࡑࡢᡓ␎┠ᶆ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚㢮ᆺ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ᦆᐖࡸ฼┈ࢆ୚

࠼࡚┦ᡭ࡟࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆఏ࠼ࡿࢩࢢࢼࣝࠋࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞⤒῭ᨻ⟇ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ⮬ᅜࡸ཭ዲᅜࡢࣃ࣮࣡ࢆ⥔ᣢ࣭⿵ᙉࡍࡿᙉ໬ࠋ

⬣ጾᅜࡸᾏእ࠿ࡽࡢ⤒῭ⓗᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ↓ຠ໬ࡍࡿ㸦┦ẅ㸧ࠋ⤒῭ⓗ⥾ࡵ௜ࡅ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚┦ᡭࡢࣃ࣮࣡ࢆຎ໬ࡉࡏࡿᑒࡌ㎸ࡵࠋ⤒

῭ⓗᦆᐖࡸࡑࡢ⬣ࡋ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚┦ᡭࢆㆡṌࡉࡏࡿᙉไࠋ⤒῭ⓗ฼┈ࡸࡑࡢ⣙᮰࡜ᘬࡁ᥮࠼࡟┦ᡭࢆㆡṌࡉࡏࡿ㈙཰ࠋ┦ᡭ ࡢ⤒῭ⓗ౫Ꮡ࡟௜ࡅ㎸ࡳ┦ᡭ࠿ࡽᐩࡸ㈨※ࢆㄪ㐩ࡍࡿᢳฟࠋᣢ⥆ⓗ࡞⤒῭฼┈ࡢᥦ౪ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚┦ᡭᅜෆ࡟ࢩࣥࣃࢆቑࡸࡋࠊ

┦ᡭᅜࢆ㏄ྜ࡟ᑟࡃㄏᑟࠋ㛗㇂ᕝࡣࠊ733ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔࡬ࡢ⤒῭ⓗᙳ㡪ຊࢆⷧࡵࡿ

ࠕ┦ẅࠖࠊ⡿ᅜࡢ㛵୚ࢆ࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜ࡟༳㇟࡙ࡅ࡚ᙼࡽࡢᑐ୰ࣂࣛࣥࢩࣥࢢࢆάẼ࡙ࡅࡿࠕࢩࢢࢼࣝࠖࠊ୰ᅜᢤࡁࡢ㏻ၟᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ

ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㏫࡟୰ᅜࢆཧຍࡉࡏ࡚▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࡸ௻ᴗࡢ㏱᫂ᛶࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࢆ㡰Ᏺࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸧୰ᅜ ࡢ⤒῭ຊࢆ㏴ῶࡉࡏࡿࠕᑒࡌ㎸ࡵࠖࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࠺ࡿࠊ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿ㸦㛗㇂ᕝᖺ㸧ࠋ

(14)

࠾ࢃࡾ࡟̿ࢺࣛࣥࣉᨻᶒ࡜ 733㸫

ᮏ✏࡛ぢࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㈠᫆༠ᐃࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡿ࡜ࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞฼┈ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࡢࡇ࡜ࠊ≉࡟2000 ᖺ௨㝆ࡣࡑࡢᙧᡂ㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢࡼ࠺࡞እ஺ⓗ࡞฼┈ࡀ༨ࡵࡿ๭ྜࡀࠊTPPࢆྵࡵ࡚኱ࡁ

࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᏳ඲ಖ㞀ⓗ࡞ഃ㠃ࢆ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡀᙉㄪࡋࡓ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊ㈠᫆༠ ᐃࡀእ஺฼┈ࡢ㏣ồ࡟᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢᣑ኱࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ⮬⏤㈠᫆࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬

࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅜෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤒῭ⓗ฼┈ࡢᑐ❧ࡀ⃭໬ࡋࡓࡵࠊ⤒῭฼┈ࡢ㏣ồࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ㈠᫆༠ᐃࢆ⥾⤖ࡍ

ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶᣦ᦬࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ࣮ࣟࢮࣥࣂ࣮ࢢࡀゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊFTAࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤒῭༠ᐃ

ࢆྵࡴእ஺ᨻ⟇࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞฼┈ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࡼࡾࡶࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢ฼┈ࢆッ࠼ࡓ᪉ࡀᅜẸ

࠿ࡽࡢᨭᣢࢆᚓࡸࡍ࠸ഃ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀࠊ⮬⏤㈠᫆ࡸࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࡬ࡢ཯Ⓨࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸

ࡿ⌧ᅾࠊ㐣ཤ࡟ࡶቑࡋ࡚ቑ኱ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

௚᪉ࠊ2017ᖺ࠿ࡽࡢࢺࣛࣥࣉᨻᶒࡢ㏻ၟᨻ⟇ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㏆ᖺࡢ₻ὶ࠿ࡽࡣ኱ࡁࡃ㐓⬺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢺࣛࣥࣉ኱⤫㡿ࡣࠊFTA࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ഃ㠃࡜Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ࡢഃ㠃ࢆ᫂☜࡟ศ㞳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶

ࡿࠋᙼࡀTPP࠿ࡽ㞳⬺ࡍࡿ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚୺ᙇࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢປാ⪅ࡢ฼┈࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠿

ࡽ࡜࠸࠺୍Ⅼ࡟㞟⣙ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽࡣࣈࢵࢩࣗࠊ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡀពᅗࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᑐ୰ᅜ≌ไ࡜

࠸ࡗࡓእ஺฼┈ࡢ⪃៖ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉ࠊࢺࣛࣥࣉᨻᶒࡣࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࢆ⌮⏤࡟୰ᅜ࡟ࡼࡿ⡿

௻ᴗ࡬ࡢᢞ㈨ࢆไ㝈ࡍࡿ௚ ⁵⁷ࠊ୰ᅜ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㈠᫆ไ㝈ࡢ୰᰾ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ㕲㗰〇ရ࡟㛵⛯ࢆㄢࡍ㝿ࡢ⌮

⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᏳ౯࡞〇ရࡢὶධࡀࠕᅜᐙᏳ඲ಖ㞀ୖࡢ⬣ጾࠖ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡍࡿ➼ࠊᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ ほⅬ࠿ࡽᑐእ⤒῭ᨻ⟇ࢆ⟇ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿഃ㠃ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㈠᫆༠ᐃ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᑐ୰ᅜᢚ Ṇࡢᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ฼⏝࠿ࡽࡣ㊥㞳ࢆ⨨࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡛࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡜➇ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୰ᅜࡀࠊFTAࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈠᫆༠ᐃࢆእ஺฼┈ࡢⓎ

㟢࡜ࡋ࡚✚ᴟⓗ࡟฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ᴟࡵ࡚ᑐ⛠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ⁵⁸ࠋ

࡞࠾ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ࢔࣓࣭ࣜ࢝ࣥࣇ࢓࣮ࢫࢺࠖ࡟ࡼࡿTPP࠿ࡽࡢ㞳⬺࡜࠸ࡗࡓࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ

࠿ࡽࡢᚭ㏥ࡣࠊ୰ᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ࢳࣕࣥࢫ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃࡢㄽ⪅࡟ࡼࡾゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ⁵⁹ࠋࡇ

࠺ࡋࡓ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⾜ືࡣ࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦࡢࣃ࣮࣭࣡ࣂࣛࣥࢫ࡟࠸࠿࡞ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡔࢁ

࠺࠿ࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢTPP㞳⬺ࡣ༢࡞ࡿ⤒῭༠ᐃࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ኱ࡁ࡞࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆࠊ௒ᚋᅜ㝿♫఍

࡟୚࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

㸦஢㸧

⡿ᅜ࡬ࡢᑐෆ┤᥋ᢞ㈨࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏳ඲ಖ㞀ⓗ࡞ഃ㠃ࡢᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᮡஅཎ࡟ヲࡋ࠸ࠋ

୰ᅜࡢ )7$ ⥾⤖┦ᡭࡣࠊࡑࡢ኱༙ࡀᑠつᶍᅜᐙ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㈠᫆㠃࡛ࡢᐇ฼ࡣࡉ࡯࡝኱ࡁ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ㈠᫆௨እ ࡢ┠ⓗࠊ୰࡛ࡶᏳ඲ಖ㞀ᡓ␎ࡢ┠ⓗࡀ✺ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ୰⡿ࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿぶྎ‴ᅜᐙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢥࢫࢱࣜ

࢝ࡀࠊ ᖺ ᭶࡟ྎ‴ࡢ୰⳹Ẹᅜ࡜᩿஺ࡋࠊ୰⳹ேẸඹ࿴ᅜ㸦୰ᅜ㸧࡜ᅜ஺ᶞ❧ࡋࡓ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊ୰ᅜഃ࠿ࡽࡢᅜ஺ᶞ❧ᚋ ࡢ )7$ ⥾⤖ࡸࠊᕧ㢠ࡢ᥼ຓࡀ⣙᮰ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡽࡔ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦 ᖺ࡟ࢥࢫࢱࣜ࢝࡜ )7$ ⥾⤖㸧ࠋ௚࡟ࡶ୰ᅜࡣ୍ᖏ୍

㊰ᵓ᝿ࡢ࣮ࣝࢺ࡜࡞ࡿࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥࡸࢫࣜࣛࣥ࢝࡜ࡢ )7$ ࡢ஺΅ࡶ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ࡘࡢ஦౛ࡣ᫂☜࡟୰ᅜࡢእ஺ⓗ࣭

ᡓ␎ⓗ⪃៖ࡀᙉࡃാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢⓎ㟢࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

'DGXVKᐇ㝿ࠊ ᖺ ᭶࡟ࢺࣛࣥࣉ኱⤫㡿ࡀࠊ኱⤫㡿ᑵ௵ᚋࡣࡌࡵ࡚࢔ࢪ࢔Ṕゼࡋࡓᢡ࡟ࠊ733 ⬺㏥࡟௦ࢃࡿ

᪂ࡓ࡞⤒῭ⓗ࡞ࣅࢪࣙࣥࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ྛᅜࡣᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡢࢺࣛࣥࣉ኱⤫㡿ࡢⓎゝࡀࠊవࡾ࡟⊃

࠸࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ฼┈ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔ྛᅜࡣ୍ᩧ࡟ኻᮃࡢᛕࢆ㞃ࡉ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ

࠺࡟࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒᆅᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ⤒῭ⓗ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆᨺᲠࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ≧ែ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜࡞ࡀࡽ୰

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ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩୍ぴ

Aggarwal, V. K. (2013). U.S. Free trade agreements and linkages. International Negotiation, 18(89), 89-110.

Baschunk, B. (2016). US Trade Chief Urges Trump to Reconsider TPP Withdrawal, International Trade Report(BNA), 33, 1772.

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Bracken, L. (2016). Japan Ratifies Trans-Pacific Pact. International Trade Report(BNA)1787.

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Rowley, A. (2011, February 2). What the TPP is really about. Business Times.

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㤿⏣ၨ୍ࠊᾆ⏣⚽ḟ㑻ࠊᮌᮧ⚟ᡂ⦅㸬2005ࠗ᪥ᮏࡢ᪂㏻ၟᡓ␎㸸WTO࡜FTA࡬ࡢᑐᛂ࠘ᩥ┾ᇽ. 㤿⏣ၨ୍㸬2012ࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢTPPᡓ␎࡜᪥ᮏࠖ㤿⏣ၨ୍ࠊᾆ⏣⚽ḟ㑻ࠊᮌᮧ⚟ᡂ⦅ࠗ᪥ᮏࡢTPPᡓ

␎㸸ㄢ㢟࡜ᒎᮃ࠘ᩥ┾ᇽ.

Ụཎつ⏤. 2015ࠕ୰ᅜࡢ FTA ᡓ␎ࡢ୰ᚰ࡬㸸୍ᖏ୍㊰㸦ࢩࣝࢡ࣮ࣟࢻ㸧FTA ᵓ᝿ࠖࠗᅜ㝿㈠᫆࡜ᢞ

㈨࠘101ྕࠊ98-113㡫.

኱▮᰿⪽㸬2016ࠕFTA࣭TPPࡢᨻ἞Ꮫࠖ኱▮᰿⪽ࠊ኱す⿱⦅ࠗFTA࣭TPPࡢᨻ἞Ꮫ㸸㈠᫆⮬⏤໬࡜Ᏻ

඲ಖ㞀࣭♫఍ಖ㞀࠘᭷ᩫ㛶ࠊ1-17㡫㸬

ᑠᕝ⿱Ꮚ㸬2011ࠗᅜ㝿㛤Ⓨ༠ຊࡢᨻ἞㐣⛬㸸ᅜ㝿つ⠊ࡢไᗘ໬࡜࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᑐእ᥼ຓᨻ⟇ࡢኚᐜࠖᮾ ಙᇽ.

ᮌᮧ⚟ᡂ. 2012ࠕTPP࡜21ୡ⣖ᆺᆅᇦ୺⩏ࠖ㤿⏣ၨ୍ࠊᾆ⏣⚽ḟ㑻ࠊᮌᮧ⚟ᡂ⦅ࠗ᪥ᮏࡢTPPᡓ␎㸸

ㄢ㢟࡜ᒎᮃ࠘ᩥ┾ᇽ.

㪒ᒸோ㸬2016ࠗࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢺTPP஺΅㸸࢔ࢪ࢔⤒῭ぞᶒࡢ⾜᪉࠘ᮾὒ⤒῭᪂ሗ♫ࠋ

ᱜෆᨻ኱. 2010ࠕ⡿ᅜࡢ㏻ၟᨻ⟇ࠖ┾㖡❳᪥㑻ࠊᱜෆᨻ኱⦅ࠗ⡿ᅜ⤒῭ࡢᇶ♏▱㆑㸸㉸኱ᅜࡢᐇീ࡜

࢜ࣂ࣐኱⤫㡿ࡢᨻ⟇࠘ࢪ࢙ࢺࣟ.

ᮡஅཎ┿Ꮚ㸬2017ࠕᑐෆ┤᥋ᢞ㈨ࡢᨻ἞Ꮫ㸸᪥⡿ࡢ஦౛࠿ࡽࠖࠗᖺሗᨻ἞Ꮫ࠘ᮌ㚫♫ࠊ36-56㡫.

⁪஭ගኵ㸬2011ࠕ⡿ᅜࡢTPPཧຍ஺΅࡜㈠᫆㛵㐃ၥ㢟ࠖࠗᅜ㝿㈠᫆࡜ᢞ㈨࠘84ྕࠊ1-18㡫.

෠⏣᫭ṇ㸬2016ࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㏻ၟᨻ⟇࡟࠾ࡅࡿ฼┈㞟ᅋ࡜ไᗘࡢ஺㘒㸸㈠᫆஺΅ᶒ㝈ࢆᕠࡿ㆟఍࡜኱

⤫㡿ࡢᨷ㜵ࠖࠗᅜ㝿ᨻ἞࠘184ྕࠊ74-88㡫.

෠⏣᫭ṇࠊ⸨⏣ᑗྐ. 2016ࠕ㆟ဨࡢᢞ⚊⾜ືࢆつᐃࡍࡿࡢࡣ≀㉁ⓗ฼┈࠿㸽㠀≀㉁ⓗ฼┈࠿㸽㸸ࢸ࢕

࣮. ࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕࣮㆟ဨࡢ㏻ၟ㑅ዲࢆᕠࡿ୍⪃ᐹࠖ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ᨻ἞Ꮫ఍ሗ࿌ㄽᩥ.

すᒣ㝯⾜㸬2016ࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㸸⮬⏤㈠᫆࡬ࡢᨭᣢపୗ࡜ඪὴᑐ❧ࠖ኱▮᰿⪽ࠊ኱す⿱⦅ࠗFTA࣭TPPࡢ ᨻ἞Ꮫ㸸㈠᫆⮬⏤໬࡜Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀࣭♫఍ಖ㞀࠘᭷ᩫ㛶ࠊ75-96㡫㸬

㛗㇂ᕝᑗつ㸬2014ࠕ⤒῭࡜Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ࡢ஺ᕪⅬࠖࠗᅜ㝿ၥ㢟࠘➨643ྕࠊᅜ㝿ၥ㢟◊✲ᡤࠊ5-13㡫. Ώ㎶ᚿ஀㸬2018ࠕ୰ᅜࡢᅜෆ᝟ໃ࡜ᑐእᨻ⟇ࡢᅉᯝศᯒմ㸸ᕧ኱໬ࡍࡿ୰ᅜࡢᅜ᭷௻ᴗࠖࠗChina Report࠘

Vol.19.

Ώ㎶ᑗே. 2016ࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㏻ၟᨻ⟇࡟࠾ࡅࡿᨻ἞㐣⛬㸸TPP ࢆࡵࡄࡿෆᨻせᅉࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࠖ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿

ၥ㢟◊✲ᡤ⦅ࠗ⡿ᅜࡢᑐእᨻ⟇࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿᅜෆⓗㅖせᅉ࠘ᖹᡂ28ᖺᗘእົ┬እ஺࣭Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ㄪᰝ◊✲஦ᴗࠊ71-82㡫.