ㄽ䚷 ᩥ
᪥ᮏ䛾බⓗᢇຓ䛻䛚䛡䜛 䛂 ℃⤥㜵Ṇ䛃 䛸 䝇 䝔 䜱 䜾 䝬
䞊⏕άಖㆤ⾜ᨻ䛾䝇 䝔 䜱 䜾 䝬䛻ᑐ䛩䜛 㓄៖䛾᭷↓䞊 ᯇ䚷 ᒸ䚷 䚷 ఙ
A study on the relationship between policies to prevent the bloating of Japanese public assistance payments䛂 rankyu-boushi䛃 and the attachment
of a stigma to the welfare system.
䚷 Yoshinobu䚷 MATSUOKA
This paper shows how policies to prevent the bloating of public assistance payments䛂 rankyu-boushi䛃 have
served to stigmatize the system of public assistance in Japan. To that end, the post-war history of administration
of the public assistance system is examined, primarily though an analysis of audits made up to the end of the
century. Results show that the administrators of the system lacked a vision of welfare management and failed to
perceive how use of the system might carry a stigma. Consequently, administration lacked direction and focus,
and a stigma came to be attached to its use. Thus, it is clear that the well-being of social welfare recipients has not
been secured by the system of public assistance.
䊅 ᮏ◊✲䛿᪥ᮏ䛾⏕άಖㆤ⾜ᨻ䛾䛂 ℃⤥㜵Ṇ䛃 ⓗไᗘ㐠⏝䛜䚸 ⏕άಖㆤไᗘ䛻䝇 䝔 䜱 䜾 䝬䜢 㝶䛥 䛫䛯 䛣 䛸 䜢 ᫂䜙 䛛䛻䛩䜛 䚹 䛭䛾䛯䜑䛻⏕άಖㆤ⾜ᨻ䠄 䛻┘ᰝ䠅 䛻╔┠䛧 䠈 䛭䛾ไᗘ㐠⏝䛻䛴䛔䛶 ᡓᚋ䛛䜙
1990
ᖺ௦䜎 䛷䜢 ㆟ㄽ䛾 ಋୖ䛻䛒 䛢䠈 ศᯒ䞉 ᳨ウ䞉 グ㏙➼䜢 ⾜䛳 䛯䚹
䊅 䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䠈 ⏕άಖㆤ⾜ᨻ䛿⚟♴⤒Ⴀⓗ䛺 どⅬ䛜Ḟዴ䛧 䠈 䝇 䝔 䜱 䜾 䝬䛾ㄆ㆑䜢 ᣢ䛳 䛶 䛔䛺 䛛䛳 䛯䚹 䜘 䛳 䛶 䠈 ⏕άಖㆤ
⾜ᨻ䛾ไᗘ㐠⏝䛿ⓗ☜ᛶ䜢 Ḟ䛝 ไᗘ䛻䝇 䝔 䜱 䜾 䝬䜢 㝶䛥 䛫䛶 䛧 䜎 䛳 䛯䚹 䛭䛾䛣 䛸 䛛䜙 ⿕䞉 せಖㆤ⪅䛾䛂 ᭱ၿ䛾┈䛃 䛿⏕άಖㆤ䛷䛿☜ಖ䛥 䜜䛶 䛣 䛺 䛛䛳 䛯䛣 䛸 䛜᫂☜䛻䛺 䛳 䛯䚹
䜻 䞊䝽 䞊䝗 䠖 䝇 䝔 䜱 䜾 䝬䠈 ℃⤥䛸 ₃⤥䠈 ⏕άಖㆤ⾜ᨻ䠈 䝋 䞊䝅䝱 䝹䞉 䜰䝗 䝭 䝙䝇 䝖 䝺 䞊䝅䝵 䞁 䠈 ⚟♴ຓ䠄 ⮫ᗋ䠅䞉 ⤒Ⴀ䞉 ᨻ⟇
䛿䛨 䜑䛻䚷
䚷 ⌧௦௨๓䛾බⓗᢇຓ䛿䠈 ㈋ᅔ䛾ཎᅉ䜢 ಶே䛻ᖐ䛧 䠈䛂 䝺 䝇 䞉 䜶䝸 䝆 䝡 䝸 䝔 䜱 䠄 less eligibility䠅䛃 䛾ほᛕ䜢
⏝䛔䛶 බⓗᩆ῭䛜䛚䛣 䛺 䜟䜜䛶 䛔䛯䚹 ⌧௦䛾බⓗᢇຓ䛿㈋ᅔ䜢 ♫ⓗ㈐௵䛸 䛧 䛶 ㄆ㆑䛧 䠈 ᅜᐙ㈐௵䜢 ᫂☜
䛧 ୍⯡ᢇຓ⩏䜢 ᥇⏝䛧 䛶 䛔䜛 䚹 ᪥ᮏ䛾බⓗᢇຓ䛾୰᰾ⓗ䛺 ἲ䞉 ไᗘ䛷䛒 䜛 ⏕άಖㆤ䜒 ྠᵝ䛷䛒 䜛 䚹 ⏕άಖ ㆤ䛿᠇ἲ➨ 25 ᮲䛾⏕Ꮡᶒ⌮ᛕ䜢 ཷ䛡 1950 ᖺ䛻⌧⾜ἲ䛸 䛧 䛶 ⾜䛧 䛯
1)䚹 ☜䛛䛻䛣 䛾ἲ䞉 ไᗘ䛿♫ಖ㞀䞉
♫⚟♴䛾ἲ䞉 ไᗘ䛸 䛧 䛶 ᡓᚋ䛛䜙 ᪥䜎 䛷୍ᐃ䛾ᙺ䜢 ᢸ䛳 䛶 䛝 䛯䚹
䛧 䛛䛧 䠈 䛣 䛾Ṕྐⓗ⤒㐣䛾୰䛷⏕άಖㆤ䛿䠈 ⿕䞉 せಖㆤ⪅䛾䛂 ᭱ၿ䛾┈䛃 䜢 ☜ಖ䛧 䛶 䛣 䛺 䛛䛳 䛯䛸 ᛮ䜟 䜜䜛 䚹 ⏕άಖㆤ⾜ᨻ䛿⏝⪅䛾䛂 ᭱ၿ䛾┈䛃 䜢 ☜ಖ䛩䜛 䛣 䛸 䜘 䜚 䜒 ᫂䜙 䛛䛻䛂 ℃⤥㜵Ṇ䛃 䛻ഴᩳ䛧 䛯ไᗘ 㐠⏝䜢 ⾜䛳 䛯䚹 䛭䛾䜘 䛖 䛺 ไᗘ㐠Ⴀ䛿䝇 䝔 䜱 䜾 䝬䠄 stigma䠅 䛾䛻䛴䛺 䛜䛳 䛶 䛔䜛 䛸 ᛮ䜟䜜䜛 䚹 䛘 䜀䠈
⤒῭ⓗᅔ❓䛻䛒 䜛 䛻䜒 䛛䛛䜟䜙 䛪䠈 ⏕άಖㆤ䜢 ⏦ㄳ䛧 䛺 䛔⪅䜔ᣄྰⓗ䛺 ែᗘ䜢 䛸 䜛 ⪅➼䛜䛔䜛 䚹 䛣 䜜䜙 䛿䝇 䝔 䜱 䜾 䝬 䛜䛥 䜜䛶 䛔䜛 䛷䛒 䜛 䚹 䝇 䝔 䜱 䜾 䝬 䛿䛂 ⅹ༳䛃 䛷䛒 䜚 䠈 ྡ䛺 ᚩ䛷䛒 䜛 䚹 䛭 䛧 䛶 䠈 䛣 䜜䛿 䛂 䝺 䝇䞉 䜶䝸 䝆 䝡 䝸 䝔 䜱 䛃 䛾ほᛕ䜢 ႏ㉳䛥 䛫䜛 䛣 䛸 䛻䜒 䛴䛺 䛜䜛 䚹 䛰䛜䠈 ᮏ᮶䠈 䝇 䝔 䜱 䜾 䝬䛿ไᗘ䛸 䛿䛟 ู 䛾ḟඖ䛷Ⓨ⏕䛧 䛶 䛔䛯
2䠅䚹 䛭䛾䛣 䛸 䛛䜙 ⏕άಖㆤ䛻䛺 䛬䝇 䝔 䜱 䜾 䝬䛜㝶䛩䜛 ⤖ᯝ䜢 ᣍ䛔䛯 䛾䛛䜢 ศᯒ䞉 ᳨ ウ䛩䜛 ᚲせᛶ䛜䛒 䜛 䛸 ⪃䛘 䜙 䜜䜛 䚹
䚷 䛣 䜜䜙 䛾䛣 䛸 䛛䜙 ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿䠈 ᡓᚋ䠈 ⏕άಖㆤ䛜䛂 ℃⤥㜵Ṇ䛃 䜢 ⾜䛳 䛯⤒⦋䜢 ⏕άಖㆤ⾜ᨻ䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙 䜚 ㏉䜚 䠈 䛺 䛬ไᗘ䛻䝇 䝔 䜱 䜾 䝬䛜㝶䛩䜛 䛾䛛䜢 ᫂☜䛻䛧 䛶 䛔䛟 䛣 䛸 䜢 ┠ⓗ䛸 䛩䜛 䚹
䚷 䛭䛾䛯 䜑ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿 1950 ᖺ๓ᚋ䛛䜙 1990 ᖺ௦䜎 䛷䜢 ⠊ᅖ䛸 䛧 䠈 ≉䛻 1980 ᖺ௦䛾⏕άಖㆤ⾜ᨻ䜢 䜚
㏉䜛 䛣 䛸 䛸 䛩䜛 䚹 䛥 䜙 䛻⏕άಖㆤ⾜ᨻ䛾䛂 ┘ᰝ䛃 䛻↔Ⅼ䜢 䛒 䛶 䠈 䛹 䛾䜘 䛖 䛺 ไᗘ㐠Ⴀ䜢 ⾜䛳 䛯䛾䛛䜢 ᫂☜
䛧 䛶 䛔䛟 䚹 䛺 䛚䠈 䝇 䝔 䜱 䜾 䝬䛿ྡ䛺 ᚩ䛾䛂 ⅹ༳䛃 䛾⠊ᅖ䛻␃䜑䠈 䝇 䝔 䜱 䜾 䝬䛾ᴫᛕ䜔≉㉁䜎 䛷䛿㆟ㄽ䛾
