の中から１つ選び、その記号を書きな さい。

英語Ｉ９９年度冬学期期末試験問題 １年理系

［^A］

以下の文章を読んで設問に答えなさい。

Adisplayofeatingutensilsfromb eneathAnnap olisalsosp eaksvolumesonthetransformationof

colonialso ciety. Intheexcavating,Leoneandhiscolleaguesnoticedthat,astheeighteenthcentury

progressed,

(1)

communaleatingfrom platesandb owls disapp eared, b eing replaced rst by ( A )

sizedplatesandthenbymatchedsetsofchinaware. Atrstthisseemsparadoxical,b ecausechina

sets remindp eopleat everymealthat they'reindividualsas wellas membersof anemergingnew

kindofso ciety.

\Thefunctionofthissortofindividualismwithincolonialcapitalism,"saysLeone,\istoconvince

p eople that they'reautonomous and havea will. The table settingsshow that even thep o or are

pulled intothis wayof thinking, whereas( B ) they're notautonomous. They've b een absorb ed

intocapitalism asproductiverentpayers,workers,andconsumers."

Inthisway,p eoplewerewillinglyteasedawayfromtheslowandinexorableroutinesofthegrowing

season,whichmayhaveb eencrowdedwith

(3)

choresbutwerealsocyclical,comforting,predictable.

Theideawas tocreate a newlifestyle,a newethos, a newwayof dealing withthe disruptionin

whatused tob ethedailyround.

1.

下線部

の言い替えとして最も適当なものを次の

の中から１つ選び、その記号を書きな さい。

(a) sharingdishesduringa meal

(b)havinga friendlytalkduringa meal

(c) preparingdishesforameal

(d)eatingwithoutaknifeandfork

2.

空欄

と

に入れる副詞として最も適当なものを次のリストから選びなさい。

1.articially2.ideally3.randomly4.realistically5.uniformly

3.

下線部

と最も意味の近いものを次の

の中から１つ選び、その記号を書きなさい。

(a) householdevents

(b)everydaytasks

(c) culturalevents

(d)stressfultasks

［^B］

以下の文章を読んで設問に答えなさい。

IfyoudepriveofREMsleepafter teachingthem a Rubik'scub e-likepuzzlecalled theTower of

Hanoi,theymake40to50percentmoreerrorsthenextday,notesCarlyleSmithofCanada'sTrent

University. But rote memorization of facts do esn't seem to b e aected by ( 1). (So pulling an

all-nighterb eforeamultiple-choicetestmightb e allrightafter all.)

Whilethelink b etweensleepamdmemoryhasgraduallygained acceptance,thereisatleastone

notable(2): FrancisCrick,the biologistwhoshared aNob el Prizefor hisrolein discoveringthe

geneticco deofDNA.Crickhasrecentlyarguedthatthepurp oseofREMsleepistounlearn,

(3) [of,

to,the,material,overload,purge,sensory]accumulatedduringthedaysothatonlythemost

relevantdataarepreserved.

(4)

Attheendoftheday,mostresearchersb elievethatthephenomenonexistsforacombination

ofreasons,withsomeplayinggreaterprominencein certainspeciesorin particularp erio dsoflife.

1.

空欄

に適当な英単語（４語以内）を入れ、文章を完成させなさい。

2.

空欄

に入る最も適当な語を次の

の中から１つ選び、その記号を書きなさい。

(a) supp orter

(b)sup ervisor

(c) defender

(d)detractor

3. [ ]

内の語を意味が通るように並べ変えなさい。

4.

下線部

と最も意味の近いものを次の

の中から１つ選び、その記号を書きなさい。

(a) Allthingsconsidered

(b)Beforegoingtob ed

(c) Ona dailybasis

(d)Ontheotherhand

［^C］ ^{Read the following passage and ll in the blanks with} appropriate words. Answer by choosingthe correctletters(a-d).

The most fundamental dierence between a traditional market and the places through which

youpush yourcartisthat ina mo dern retailsettingnearly allthesellingisdonewithoutp eople.

Thepro ductis(1)disso ciatedfromthepersonalityofanyparticularp ersonsellingit{ withthe

p ossibleexceptionofthosewhoapp ear initsadvertising. Thesupermarket(2)so ciability,which

slows down sales. Itallows manufacturers to control the waythey present their pro ducts to the

world. It(3)p eoplewithpackages.

Packages are an inescapable part of mo dern life. Theyare omnipresentand invisible,deplored

and ignored. During mostof yourwaking moments, there areone or more packages within your

eldofvision. Packagesareso(4)thattheyslipb eneathconsciousnotice,thoughmanypackages

aredesignedsothatp eoplewillresp ond tothemevenifthey're(5)payingattention.

(1)[a.gradually; b.quickly; c.slightly; d.totally;]

(2)[a.angers; b.creates; c.encourages; d.purges;]

(3)[a.compares; b.discourages; c.likes; d.replaces;]

(4)[a.identical; b.pleasing; c.rare; d.ubiquitous;]

(5)[a.consciously; b.not; c.really; d.unconsciously;]

［^D］

以下の文章を読んで設問に答えなさい。

InallstrandsofAmericanculturallife,youcanndsomanyexamplesoftechnologicaladoration

thatitisp ossibletowriteab ookab outit. AndIwouldifithadnotalreadyb eendonesowell. But

(1)

nowheredoyoundmoreenthusiasmforthego dofTechnologythanamongeducatoers. Infact,

there are those, like Lewis Perelman, who argue (for exsample, in his b o ok School's Out) that

mo dern information technologieshaverenderedschoolsentirely ( A ) sincethere isnowmuch

moreinformation availableoutsidetheclassromthaninside it. Thisisbynomeansconsideredan

outlandishidea. Dr. DianeRavitch,formerAssistantSecretaryofEducation,envisions,withcon-

siderablerelish,

(3)

[the,challenge,present,technology,which]tothetraditionthat\children

(and adults)should b e educated in a sp ecic place, for a certain number of hours, and a certain

numberof daysduring theweekand year." Inother words, that children should b e educated in

school.

1.

下線部

とほぼ同じ内容を表すものを次の

の中から１つ選び、その記号を書きなさい。

(a) Educatorsshowaan exceptionallystronginterestin technology.

(b)Educatorsarenotasmuchasenthusiasticab outtechnologya aboutreligion.

(c) Educatorsareas enthusiasticab outtechnologyasotherp eople.

(d)Educatorsregardtechnologyas p otentiallyharmfulforstudents.

2.

空欄

に入る最も適当な語を次の

の中から１つ選び、その記号を書きなさい。

(a) ecient

(b)imp otant

(c) indep endent

(d)irrelevant

3. [ ]

内の語を意味が通るように並べ変えなさい。動詞は必要に応じて活用変化させること。

［^E］

^{次の下線を引いた}

には、余計な単語がそれぞれ一つずつ含まれている。正しく意味が 通るために取り去るべき単語を書きなさい。

(1)

Therewereseveraltheoriessoas towhat killedhim.Fromthestartthemostp opularwasthat

he'db eenshot. Perhapsfrom apassingcar, p ossiblybythatgangcallingonthemselvestheJokers,

(3)

(4)

orbytheLatinLords,whodidn'tplaysp orts,atp erio d. Or maybe some p ervert with a tele-

scopicsightfromab edromwindow,oramadsnip erfromawatertower,oraterroristwithasilencer

fromtheexpresswayoverpass,

(5)

ormayb eitwashardlyanaccident,astrayslugfromarobb ery,or sho ot-out,orassass

以下はテープを聴いて答える問題です。テープは２回放送されます。

画面に画像が映ることはありません。

［^F］^{Listen to the tapeand writeT(true) orF(false) for eacyh statement.}

^テープ

が流れる前に３０秒ほどのポーズがあります。問題文を読んでおくこと。

a. Edisonusuallysleptaboutveanda halfhoursanight.

b. AccordingtoEdison,further progressin civilizationwouldmakesleepunnecessary.

c. Edison'sdreamshavenotyetcometrue.

d. Lightbulbswerealreadywidelyusedin1910.

e. Inthelasthundredyearsoursleeptimehasb eenreducedbyab out90minutes.

［^G］ ^{Listen to the tap e and complete the summary by putting ONE word(that}

you hearon the tape)in each blank.

Thereisa(n)(1)againstincest inalmosteveryculture. Whilethehorrortowardincestis(2),

theideaofincestvariesfromculturetoculture. In somecultures,marriagesb etweenrstcousins

are ( 3 ); in others they aren't. There are some cultures where ( 4 ) are made even among rst

cousins. Thustheproblemisnot(5 )atall.

［^H］^{Listento the tap e and ll in the blankswith words as theyare readon the}

tap e.

Prediction means knowing what's going to happ en in advance { but of course this is largely

imp ossible. Yhereal worldisfartoo complex. Evena

(1)

likethe

weatherseemslikechaosto us.

Still,weneverstoppredicting,dowe? Eventhoughweknowweare

(2)

.

AnoldJapanesesayingtellsusthat\whenthewindblows,pailsellersmakemoney."

(3)

makefunoffar-fetchedconclusions. Butwhat'sreallyfunnyisthefactthatifwetryhardenough,

wecanmakea\logical"chainofconnectionsb etweenthesetwo

(4)

.

Whenwethinkab outhowunpredictabletheworldaroundusreallyis,it'samazing

(5)

overourphysicalenvironmentwehaveinthemo dernage. Youpunchinthenumbercorrectly,and

youknow

(6)

!

Scienceandtechnologygenerallydealwithmatters

(7)

,buteven

here weencountereventsthat are, bynature,unpredictable. What isthenature of these events?

Andhowdotheyrelatetotheevents

(8)

?

［^I］

テープを聴いて設問に答えなさい。テープが流れる前に３０秒ほどのポーズがあります。問を 読んでおくこと。

1.

近代以前において子供にはどのような役割が期待されていたか、その役割を２つ挙げ日本語で答え なさい。それぞれ８字以内。

2.

近代以前では今日と比べ、子供が死んだ時、どのように反応が異なっているか。日本語（２５字以 内）で答えなさい。

3.

カッコ内に適当な英単語を１つ書き入れなさい。