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7 Feb, 2012

Characterizations of projective spaces and hyperquadrics for varieties with Picard number one

楫研究室 鈴木 拓

Introduction

Question. Varietyprojective spacePn hyperquadricQn (単純なvarieties)になるための条件は?

Theorem 1 ([Mor79]). X を代数閉体上のn-dim smooth projective varietyとするとき, tangent bundleTX ampleならばX =Pn.

Theorem 2([AW01]). X n-dim smooth complex projective varietyとするとき,TXample vector bundle E を含むならばX =Pn.

Conjecture 3 (Kov´acs). X n-dim smooth complex projective varietyとする. あるample vector bundleE of rankronXが存在し,ある自然数p≤rに対してpE pTX に含まれるならば,X =Pn またはX∼=Qp. Theorem 4 ([ADK08]). X n-dim smooth complex projective variety とする. あるample line bundle L onX が存在し, ある自然数pに対してH0(X,pTX⊗L−p)6= 0ならば, X =Pn またはX =Qp. すなわち, E =L⊕r (L: line bundle)の場合, Kov´acs予想は肯定的である.

Main Theorem. X Picard number 1 n-dim smooth complex projective variety とする. あるample vector bundleE of rankronXが存在し,ある自然数p≤rに対してpE pTX に含まれるならば,X =Pn またはX =Qp. すなわち,X Picard number1 の場合, Kov´acs予想は肯定的である.

Remark. 2010年にRoss が同じ主張の論文を出している([Ros10]). しかし[Ros10]の証明には仮定されていな い条件 (射E →TX の存在) が仮定されているように思える. そこで本論文ではsheaf stabilityの理論を用いた 別の証明を与えている. これは[ADK08]で与えられた手法を応用したものである.

Sheaf stability

Definition 5. X n-dim projective variety,H fixed ample line bundleとする. Torsion-free sheafF slopeとは,

µ(F) = c1(F)·c1(H)n−1 rk(F) .

Torsion-free sheafF semistable であるとは,任意のE ⊆F に対してµ(E)≤µ(F)となることをいう.

Fact 6 ([HN75]). Torsion-free sheafF に対して, filtration

F =F0)F1)· · ·)Fk+1= 0,

Qi = Fi/Fi+1 semistable かつ µ(Q0) < · · · < µ(Qk)を満たすものが存在する. これをF Harder- Narasimhan filtrationという.

Outline of Proof

pE ,→ ∧pTX よりX 上のrational curves minimal dominating familyH が存在する([Miy87]).

Definition 7. Irreducible componentH RatCurvesn(X)が次を満たすとき, minimal dominating family あるという:

H-curvesXを支配し,

一般的な点x∈Xを通るH-curvesから成るsubvarietyproper.

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Case 1. degfE =r([f]∈H)の場合

[Ros10]で証明されている. rに関する帰納法により[ADK08]に帰着される.

Case 2. degfE =r+ 1 ([f]∈H)の場合

[Ros10]の証明に欠陥がある部分. Projective spaceになることを示す.

Key Lemma ([Ara06], [Kol96] 及び簡単なslopeの計算). X Picard number 1,H Case 2minimal dominating familyとする. あるD⊆TXµ(E)≤µ(D)なるものが存在するならば,X =Pn.

TX Harder-Narasimhan filtration

TX =F0)F1)· · ·)Fk )Fk+1 = 0 をとり,D=Fk=Qk が条件を満たすことを示す.

q= rkpE とすれば qpE ,→ ∧qpTX. うまくcurveC⊂X をとってCに制限して考えると,

qpE|C,→ O

α0+···+αk=q

aα0...αk(∧α0Q0⊗ · · · ⊗ ∧αkQk)|C

さらに右辺はsemistableとなるようにできる.

Fact 8. µ(F⊗G) =µ(F) +µ(G). µ(∧aF) =aµ(F).

そこでslopeの大小を比較すれば,µ(E)≤µ(Qk). したがってX =Pn.

References

[AW01] Andreatta, M., Wi´sniewski, J.A.: On manifolds whose tangent bundle contains an ample subbundle.

Invent. Math.146(1), 209-217 (2001)

[Ara06] Araujo, C: Rational curves of minimal degree and characterizations of projective spaces. Math. Ann.

335(4), 937-951 (2006)

[ADK08] Araujo, C., Druel, S., Kov´acs, S.J.: Cohomological characterizations of projective spaces and hyper- quadrics, Invent. Math. 174, 233-253 (2008)

[HN75] Harder, G., Narasimhan, M.S.: On the cohomology groups of moduli spaces of vector bundles on curves. Math. Ann. 212, 215-248 (1975)

[Kol96] Koll´ar, J.: Rational Curves on Algebraic Varieties. Ergeb. Math. Grenzgeb., vol. 32. Springer, Berlin (1996)

[Miy87] Miyaoka, Y.: Deformations of a morphism along a foliation and applications. Algebraic geometry, Bowdoin (1985), Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., vol. 46, 245-268. Amer. Math. Soci., Providence (1987) [Mor79] Mori, S.: Projective manifolds with ample tangent bundles. Ann. Math. (2)110(3), 593-606 (1979) [Ros10] K. Ross: Characterizations of projective spaces and hyperquadrics via positivity properties of the

tangent bundle, Preprint arXiv:1012.2043v1 (2010)

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