Material report: Human skeletal remains of the Edo period excavated from the Sugenji Ato site, Shinjuku-ku.

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Material report: Human skeletal remains of the Edo period excavated from the Sugenji Ato site, Shinjuku-ku.

Kazuhiro Sakaue and Mari Kajigayama

Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki Prefecture 300–0005, Japan

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract This is the material report of the human skeletal remains excavated from the Sugenji Ato site in Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo. This collection has good preservation state, is huge in samplesize, and is stored in the department of Anthropology at the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo. Although the anthropological report was published in 2005, it was written only in Japanese and some human skeletal remains were not reported. The purpose of this material report is to pres- ent the inventory of human skeletal remains excavated from the cemetery of the Sugenji Ato site in English. The total number of individuals reached to 804, and 170 individuals had well-preserved human skeletal remains.

Introduction

Some huge assemblages of the human skeletal remains from one archaeological site are con- tained within the collections of the National Museum of Nature and Science Tokyo. The skel- etal remains excavated from the Ikenohata-shi- chikencho site are the samples used most fre- quently in anthropological researches by both Japanese and foreign researchers because they are well-preserved, have large sample size (at least 391 individuals), and are documented in an excellent inventory created by Nagaoka (2007) that contains the estimated sex and age-at-death in English. However, other skeletal collections are comparable to the Ikenohata-shichikencho site in term of preservation level and sample size.

The Sugenji Shokenji Ato site is one such collec- tion.

The Sugenji Shokenji Ato site was located in Minamimotomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan and excavated in 2003. The area of excavation was the ruins of the Sugenji and Shokenji Bud- dhist temples from 1653 A.D. to 1909 A.D.

(Taisei Engineering Co. Ltd., 2005). Their ceme- teries were clearly divided by remnants of the street. The number of burial facilities in these

temples reached 1434, 579 of which were located at the Sugenji Ato site and 855 at the Shokenji Ato site; both were in use from the late 17th cen- tury to the middle 19

^th

century.

The anthropological analysis of the human skeletal remains excavated from these sites was reported by Kajigayama et al. (2005). This num- ber of individuals reached 661 from the Sugenji temple and 401 from the Shokenji temple and an inventory with estimated sex and age-at-death was also presented in Japanese. However, the number of the unidentiﬁed samples, which were not listed in this report, reached 345 due to lim- ited time for analysis.”

The purpose of this material report is to pres- ent the inventory of human skeletal remains excavated from the cemetery of the Sugenji Ato site in English. This report will help all research- ers to investigate the physical characteristics of those who lived in the Edo city.

Material and Methods

The criteria for the descriptions contained in this inventory are as follows:

“Number”

The numbers refers to those of burial pits

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numbered under the excavation process of this site.

“Additional N.” refers to the branch number assigned under the excavation process of this site.

“Grid”

The characters of this column indicate the point where the skeletal remains were excavated and reported in the archaeological report (Taisei Engineering Co. Ltd. 2005).

“Level”

This category indicates the height above sea level and has two subcategories: “Upper”, which is the highest altitude located at the uppermost point of the burial pit, and “Lower”, which is the lowest altitude at the bottom of the pit.

“Burial style”

“Burial style” means the structure of the burial customs, which are used as indicators of social class and status during the Edo period (Tan- igawa, 2002). There are seven styles found in this site as follows;

Kamekan in wooden burial chamber: This burial style was adopted among the Hatamoto (the upper vassals of the Tokugawa house), the Koke (noble families of the Hatamoto), and the Omoyaku classes (high ranking samurai as ofﬁ- cials and advisors in service to the daimyos).

They tended to be buried in a ceramic jar housed in a wooden burial chamber in the earth.

Kamekan: This style was used widely among the samurai class among the Hatamoto, the Gokenin (the lower vassals of the Tokugawa house), and the Hanshi classes (vassals of the daimyos). They tended to be buried in only a ceramic jar after the late 17th century.

Hayaoke: This style of inexpensive circular wooden cofﬁn was widely seen among the Samu- rai class and townsmen during the Edo period.

Square wooden cofﬁn: This style of square wooden cofﬁn was seen after the late 17

^th

cen- tury, and its relationship with social class has also not been conﬁrmed.

Cinerary urn: This style was used for the burial of the cremated bones during the Edo period. Its relationship with social class has also

not been clariﬁed

Earthenware cofﬁn: This was used for the burial of childrenʼs remains during the Edo period.

Burial pit and Secondary burial: These essen- tially mean that one (Burial pit) or multiple indi- viduals (Secondary burial) were buried in the earth without any burial facilities.

“Cutting”

This refers to the relationship of cutting and re-cutting of archaeological pits with arrows.

“Conditions”

This means the preservation state of human skeletal remains. It is supposed that one burial facility contained one person. If multiple individ- uals were contained in one facility, one individ- ual comprised the primary burial and the others were thought to have been added later. In this inventory, the ﬁrst individual of each burial facil- ity is thought to have been the primary burial, based on the preservation of skeletal remains and their morphological traits such as the length, the thickness of long bones, and degenerative changes.

Good: This term is used subjectively to refer to a “good” state preservation, characterized by an almost complete skull and some intact long bones.

Not bad: This is also subjective and means that the shape of the skull can be observed and some variables of the skull are measurable.

Bad: This is also subjective and refers to a wide range of preservation state, including skulls with a few measurable variables to bone frag- ments that are identiﬁable.

Burned: This refers to bones that has been cre- mated, from which sex nor age-a-death can be diagnosed.

Fragments: This category contains a small amount of identified bones (less than five pieces) and unidentifiable bone fragments in one facility.

Contamination: This refers to a small amount of identiﬁed bones (less than ﬁve pieces) which were apparently from the other person than a per- son of primary burial.

“Age-at-death”

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The estimation of age at death is based on teeth, pubic symphysis and the auricular surface of the pelvis, epiphyseal union, and cranial sutures. An individualʼs age at death is classiﬁed according to eight “age categories.”

Infant: This category refers to individuals aged about 0–5 years. Indications for this age group range from “no eruption of deciduous teeth” to

“no eruption of permanent teeth.” (Ubelaker, 1989).

Child: This category refers to individuals aged about 5–11 years. Indications for this age group range from “eruption of the ﬁrst permanent molar” to “no eruption of the second permanent molar.”

Adolescent: This category refers to individuals aged about 11–20 years. Indications for this age group range from “eruption of the second perma- nent molar” to “persistence of epiphyseal lines in any bone but the clavicle.”

Young adult: This category refers to individu- als aged about 20–30 years. Indications for this age group range from the “macroscopic disap- pearance of epiphyseal lines in all bones but the clavicle” to “persistence of epiphyseal lines of the clavicle.” In addition, the pubic symphysis of an individual shows the morphological character- istics of Phases 1–2 in the Suchey-Brooks system (Brooks and Suchey, 1990). There are ﬁnely granulations with marked transversely organized billows on the auricular surface (Lovejoy et al., 1985).

Middle adult: This category refers to individu- als aged about 30–50 years. Indications for this age group range from the “macroscopic disap- pearance of the epiphyseal lines of the clavicle”

to “no or little appearance of degenerative change in the vertebral body.” In addition, the pubic symphysis shows the morphological characteris- tics of Phases 3–5. There are also coarse granula- tions or a partially dense irregular surface with- out transverse organization.

Old adult: This category refers to individuals aged more than 50 years. Indications for this age group are degenerative changes such as “ante- mortem tooth loss”, “lipping of the vertebral

body,” and “lipping on the articular facet.” In addition, the pubic symphysis shows the mor- phological characteristics of Phase 6. The auricu- lar surface shows a dense irregular surface of rugged topography with macroporosity and irreg- ular and lipping margins.

Child?: This category is used for individuals without the indicators used to estimate the age- at-death. In this case, however, the size of the bones or the bone surface characteristics such as the smooth area of muscle attachments as well as tooth formation, indicate that the individual was likely a child at his or her time of death.

Adult?: This category is used for individuals without the indicators used to estimate age-at- death. However, morphological characteristics such as size, muscle attachments, and tooth for- mation, indicate that the individual was likely an adult.

“Sex”

The sex of an individual can be diagnosed based on morphological characteristics compris- ing the greater sciatic notch and ventral arc of the pelvis, supraorbital ridge, and mastoid process of the skull (Buikstra and Ubelaker, 1994; Sakaue and Adachi, 2009). The following four classiﬁca- tions pertain to this criterion.

Male: All characteristics indicate that the indi- vidual is male.

Male?: Any of the above-mentioned character- istics indicates that the individual is male. In case of a discrepancy, the sex is diagnosed according to the characteristics mentioned above in descending order of importance.

Female: All characteristics indicate that the individual is female.

Female?: Any of the above-mentioned charac- teristics indicates that the individual is female.

“N. of Measurable” in Cranium and Mandible:

This number indicates the number ofhow many

variables (out of a possible 13) that can be mea-

sured for the cranium (Maximum length, Basion-

Nasion length, Maximum breadth, Basion-

Bregma height, Least frontal breadth,

Basion-Prosthion length, Bizygomatic breadth,

Bimaxillary breadth, Martinʼs Upper facial

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Table 1. Inventory of the human skeleral remains excavated from the Sugenji Ato site

NumberBranch N.Grid Level Burial styleCuttingConditionsAge-at-deathSexCraniumMandible Humerus Length Radius Length Ulna Length Femur Length Tibia Length Fibula Length

UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 1 E715.574 14.834 Kamekan GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 2 E415.571 14.841 Kamekan GoodYoung adultFemale12 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 3 C415.422 14.942 Hayaoke→4BadMiddle adultMale 4 C415.356 15.066 Square wooden coffin←3・121BadAdult? Contamination 5 C415.528 15.058 Hayaoke BadAdolescent Contamination 6 C315.324 15.104 Earthenware coffin BadInfant 7 C･D315.492 15.192 Hayaoke BadMiddle adult 8 D315.435 15.105 Hayaoke BadMiddle adultMale 9 D315.360 15.230 Square wooden coffin BadChild? 10 D315.402 15.282 Earthenware coffin BadInfant 11 D315.313 15.103 Earthenware coffin BadInfant 15 D315.032 14.532 Square wooden coffin GoodOld adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇 Contamination 16 D315.055 14.545 Square wooden coffin→373GoodYoung adultFemale12 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadYoung adultFemale BadAdult? 17 D3･415.489 15.179 Hayaoke BadAdult? 19 D415.620 15.430 Square wooden coffin BadChild? 20 D415.201 14.751 Square wooden coffin BadAdult? 21 C415.358 14.658 Square wooden coffin BadMiddle adultMale4 BadMiddle adultMale 24 E415.606 15.116 Square wooden coffin BadAdolescentFemale BadAdult? 25 E415.596 15.216 Square wooden coffin BadAdolescentFemale BadChild? 26 E415.588 15.478 Cinerary urn Burned 28 E715.253 14.633 Kamekan BadAdult?〇〇 29 E715.082 14.812 Cinerary urn→30BadAdult? 30 E･F715.106 14.486 Square wooden coffin←29/→462BadAdult? BadChild? GoodOld adultFemale10 〇〇 32 E415.537 15.187 Square wooden coffin→184Fragments 35 E415.311 15.161 Cinerary urn Burned 39 E3･415.585 15.225 Square wooden coffin BadAdult? BadChild? 40 E315.569 15.169 Hayaoke→63・111BadMiddle adultFemale Contamination 42 E315.231 15.041 Square wooden coffin BadInfant 43 E315.571 15.111 Square wooden coffin→164BadAdult?Male〇〇 BadChild? 44 E315.503 14.983 Hayaoke BadOld adultFemale 45 E315.444 14.894 Square wooden coffin→159・160 ・220bBadAdolescentFemale BadYoung adultFemale Contamination 46 E315.439 15.059 Square wooden coffin BadMiddle adultFemale Contamination

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UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 47 E615.274 15.034 Cinerary urn Burned 49 F715.520 15.170 Square wooden coffin→367BadYoung adultFemale 50 F715.593 15.158 Hayaoke BadAdolescentFemale 51 E614.835 14.235 Kamekan GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadChild? Contamination 52 E615.006 14.726 Square wooden coffin←62BadMiddle adultMale〇〇〇 BadAdult? BadChild? 53aE614.873 —Hayaoke→53bBadYoung adultMale 53bE614.782 —Square wooden coffin←53aBadAdult? 54 E615.089 14.769 Square wooden coffin←508GoodMiddle adultMale13 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 55 E515.223 14.637 Square wooden coffin→385GoodYoung adultMale111 Contamination 56 E614.906 14.446 Kamekan GoodYoung adultMale13 5 〇〇〇 Contamination 57 E615.061 14.821 Kamekan BadInfant Contamination 58aE615.440 —Secondary burial BadAdult? Contamination 58bE615.119 14.619 Square wooden coffin→408GoodAdolescentFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇 60 E615.485 14.975 Square wooden coffin→59BadYoung adultFemale Contamination 61 E615.333 15.133 Earthenware coffin BadInfant BadAdult? 62 E614.781 14.621 Kamekan→52BadAdult? 66 E614.987 14.787 Hayaoke BadOld adultMale Contamination 68 E515.712 15.412 Square wooden coffin BadInfant 69 F6･715.833 15.613 Cinerary urn→70Burned 70 F6･715.693 15.213 Square wooden coffin←69BadMiddle adultMale4 Contamination 71 F615.227 14.767 Hayaoke→404BadAdolescentMale〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadOld adultFemale 72 E515.690 15.280 Hayaoke BadMiddle adultMale5 73 E515.484 15.184 Square wooden coffin→74BadInfant 74 E515.511 14.981 Square wooden coffin←73/→91BadMiddle adultMale3 Contamination 75 E･F515.528 14.968 Hayaoke BadAdult? 76 E515.540 15.080 Hayaoke←109BadAdolescent5 77 E515.523 15.123 Hayaoke BadAdult? 78 D･E315.118 14.458 Square wooden coffin→268・299BadYoung adultFemale〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 80 E315.160 14.630 Hayaoke→94GoodAdolescentMale13 5 82 D315.210 15.110 Hayaoke Fragments 83 D415.485 15.285 Square wooden coffin BadAdult? 84 D415.396 15.056 Hayaoke BadAdult? Contamination

Table 1. Continued

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UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 85 D315.244 15.017 Cinerary urn Burned 86 D315.119 14.619 Square wooden coffin→417GoodMiddle adultMale115 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadChild Contamination 87 E614.691 14.301 Square wooden coffin←88GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadChild? Contamination 89 E515.550 15.380 Hayaoke BadInfant 90 E614.770 —Secondary burial BadAdult? 91 E515.456 15.106 Square wooden coffin←74BadChild? 92 D315.146 14.856 Secondary burial

Burned Burned Burned

93 E315.119 —Secondary burial BadAdolescent 94 E315.119 14.659 Hayaoke←80BadAdolescent BadAdult? Contamination 95 E315.160 —Secondary burial GoodAdolescent13 96 E614.656 14.106 Hayaoke BadAdult? 100 E415.487 15.107 Square wooden coffin→272BadInfant 101 E215.016 14.756 Square wooden coffin→250BadMiddle adult 102 D315.311 14.791 Square wooden coffin→206BadAdult? Contamination 103 F615.473 15.283 Square wooden coffin BadInfant 105 E715.604 15.264 Hayaoke BadMiddle adultMale BadAdult? 106 E415.210 14.640 Hayaoke→324BadYoung adultMale BadAdult? 107 E415.093 14.613 Hayaoke BadMiddle adultFemale BadChild? Contamination 108 E715.533 15.313 Square wooden coffin→368BadAdult?Male BadChild? 110 E715.615 —Cinerary urn BadAdult? 111 E315.181 14.611 Hayaoke←40・63BadMiddle adultMale 112 E3･415.542 15.162 Square wooden coffin BadInfant Contamination 113 D315.139 14.769 Hayaoke BadAdult?Female Contamination 114 D314.765 14.135 Kamekan GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 117 E･F615.495 15.185 Square wooden coffin BadChild 118 E314.729 14.269 Kamekan BadChild? Contamination 120 E314.836 14.206 Kamekan→299GoodOld adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 121 C415.158 14.898 Earthenware coffin→4BadAdult? 122 D414.620 —Secondary burial BadYoung adultFemale

Table 1. Continued

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UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 123 C415.419 14.989 Hayaoke BadMiddle adultMale 124 D315.126 14.776 Square wooden coffin BadInfant 128 D314.765 14.565 Square wooden coffin BadInfant 129 C415.101 14.491 Square wooden coffin BadMiddle adultFemale5 〇〇 Contamination 133 E715.387 14.937 Hayaoke→399GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇 BadAdult? 135 E715.466 14.936 Hayaoke→361Not badMiddle adultMale5 BadOld adult Contamination 138 D215.258 14.718 Hayaoke→255BadYoung adultMale3 Contamination 138上 (Upper)D215.258 14.718 Hayaoke→255BadAdult? 140 E315.026 14.896 Earthenware coffin BadInfant 141 E715.192 14.522 Kamekan→468BadOld adultFemale 142 E715.100 14.500 Kamekan→386・474GoodMiddle adultMale12 4 〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 143 E315.420 —Secondary burial Not badMiddle adultMale13 2 〇 Contamination 145 C315.390 15.190 Cinerary urn Burned 146 C･D315.273 15.232 Cinerary urn Burned 148 E214.996 14.616 Hayaoke Not badYoung adultMale8 5 〇〇〇 149 E215.288 14.838 Hayaoke GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 150 E215.205 14.905 Hayaoke BadMiddle adultMale3 5 〇〇〇〇〇 151 E215.257 14.757 Hayaoke BadYoung adultMale4 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 152 E215.177 14.999 Earthenware coffin BadInfant 153 E215.169 14.743 Hayaoke→249BadOld adultMale〇〇 Contamination 154 E215.252 14.836 Hayaoke→304・312GoodYoung adultMale10 5 〇〇〇〇 Contamination 155 E215.266 15.096 Earthenware coffin BadInfant BadAdult? 156 E215.125 15.005 Earthenware coffin BadInfant 158 E315.085 14.485 Square wooden coffin GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadAdult? 159 E315.238 14.908 Square wooden coffin←45/→160 ・162・261BadInfant Contamination 159上 (Upper)E315.238 14.908 Square wooden coffin←45/→160 ・162・261BadAdult? 160 E315.147 14.717 Hayaoke←45・159 ・261GoodMiddle adultMale10 5 〇〇〇〇 161 E315.169 14.599 Hayaoke←261/→162 ・270GoodMiddle adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 162 E315.043 14.473 Hayaoke←159・161BadMiddle adultMale Contamination

Table 1. Continued

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UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 163 E314.746 14.186 Square wooden coffin→296GoodMiddle adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 164 E315.132 15.012 Earthenware coffin←43BadChild? 166 E415.242 14.722 Hayaoke→276GoodMiddle adultMale13 3 〇〇〇〇〇 167 E415.275 14.795 Hayaoke GoodMiddle adultMale10〇〇〇〇 170 E415.340 14.810 Square wooden coffin←168・263/ →321Not badMiddle adultFemale〇〇 BadAdult?Male Contamination 171 E415.248 15.158 Cinerary urn Burned 172 E415.387 15.087 Hayaoke←224BadChild? 173 E515.403 15.173 Earthenware coffin→174BadChild? 174 E515.373 14.973 Square wooden coffin←173/→234BadChild? Contamination 175 E4･515.357 14.827 Hayaoke←233/→343BadYoung adultMale BadMiddle adultFemale3 BadChild Contamination 177 E415.265 14.765 Hayaoke→325・326BadMiddle adultFemale Contamination 179 E515.479 15.039 Square wooden coffin BadMiddle adultFemale BadAdult?Male Contamination 180 E415.351 14.911 Square wooden coffin→181・271BadYoung adultMale〇〇〇〇〇 181 E415.162 14.632 Hayaoke←180/→283 ・329・421GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 183 E415.196 14.976 Cinerary urn Burned 186 E314.965 14.565 Square wooden coffin→202BadInfant 187 D315.246 14.896 Square wooden coffin BadInfant 188 D315.319 14.719 Hayaoke BadAdult?Male BadAdult?Female〇〇 189 D315.201 14.651 Hayaoke→301BadYoung adultFemale Contamination 190 D315.059 14.859 Earthenware coffin←373BadAdult? 191上 (Upper)D315.151 —Secondary burial Not badMiddle adultMale13〇 Contamination 191下 (Lower)D315.187 14.651 Hayaoke→192GoodYoung adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇 Contamination 191

In a lump

D3 BadOld adult Contamination 192 D315.128 14.628 Hayaoke←191lowerBadAdult? 193 C･D315.177 14.747 Square wooden cofﬁn BadInfant 194 D315.265 15.075 Cinerary urn Burned 195 C315.332 14.812 Hayaoke BadMiddle adultMale Contamination 196 C315.121 —Cinerary urn Burned 197 C315.066 14.356 Kamekan Not badMiddle adultMale135〇〇〇〇 BadChild Contamination

Table 1. Continued

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UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 198 BadAdult? Contamination 199 C415.150 14.570 Square wooden coffin→389BadAdolescent〇〇〇〇〇 200 D415.220 14.970 Earthenware coffin BadChild? 202 E314.908 14.478 Square wooden coffin←186BadInfant Contamination 203 E4･515.351 14.801 Hayaoke←204BadInfant 204 E4･515.374 14.854 Hayaoke→203BadMiddle adultFemale 206 D315.054 14.824 Earthenware coffin←102BadChild? 207上 (upper)C･D315.126 14.636 Hayaoke BadMiddle adultMale 207下 (Lower)C･D3 Not badMiddle adultFemale103〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 208 E315.148 14.928 Earthenware coffin→219BadInfant 209 E315.152 —Secondary burial BadInfant Contamination 210 E415.219 14.719 Kamekan BadChild? 211 E414.987 14.567 Kamekan BadInfant 212 E415.051 14.631 Kamekan BadAdult? 213 E414.760 14.130

Kamekan in wooden burial chamber

GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 214 E415.204 15.121 Earthenware coffin→215BadInfant 215 E415.302 14.672 Square wooden coffin←214/→266 ・267GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 216 D315.020 —Secondary burial GoodYoung adultMale13 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 GoodOld adultFemale10 〇〇〇〇 BadAdult?Male Contamination 217 E314.926 —Secondary burial Fragments 218 E314.829 14.299 Hayaoke GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 219 E314.938 14.838 Earthenware coffin←208BadInfant Contamination 220aE315.087 —Secondary burial BadMiddle adultMale〇 Contamination 220bE315.087 14.547 Hayaoke←45・251/ →259GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇 Contamination 223 E415.151 14.931 Earthenware coffin Fragments 224 E415.288 —Secondary burial→172Bad 225 E415.148 14.708 Kamekan←226/→316BadAdult?Male Contamination 226 E415.142 14.932 Cinerary urn→225Burned 228 E515.194 14.644 Hayaoke←227・229 ・231/→519GoodMiddle adultMale12 GoodMiddle adultFemale13 5 Contamination 230 E415.322 —Cinerary urn Burned 231 E･F515.319 14.959 Hayaoke←229/→228BadChild?

Table 1. Continued

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UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 232 E415.206 15.026 Cinerary urn Burned 233 E4･515.453 15.383 Earthenware coffin→175BadAdult? 234 E515.359 14.789 Hayaoke←174・265BadMiddle adultMale5 BadAdult?Male Contamination 235 E415.035 14.855 Earthenware coffin BadInfant Contamination 237 E214.808 14.158 Kamekan GoodMiddle adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇 238 E214.944 14.514 Kamekan BadInfant 239 E2･314.594 14.004 Kamekan GoodMiddle adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 240 E214.925 14.715 Cinerary urn Burned 242 E215.457 15.327 Earthenware coffin BadInfant 243 E215.310 15.010 Hayaoke Not badYoung adultMale5 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇 244 E215.007 14.757 Hayaoke BadMiddle adultMale1 〇〇〇〇 246 E215.181 14.831 Hayaoke GoodOld adultMale13 5 〇〇〇 BadYoung adultMale5 247 E215.039 14.819 Hayaoke BadYoung adultMale4 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 248 E215.108 14.768 Hayaoke GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 249 E215.115 14.835 Hayaoke←153BadAdolescent BadAdult? 250 E215.089 14.929 Hayaoke←101BadMiddle adultMale 251 E315.134 14.794 Square wooden coffin→220bBadInfant Contamination 253 E314.817 14.577 Square wooden coffin GoodMiddle adultMale12 5 〇〇 Not badMiddle adultFemale5 5 BadAdult?Male Contamination 254 E214.948 14.698 burial pit GoodMiddle adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 255 D215.150 14.820 Hayaoke←138BadYoung adultMale2 258 E315.103 14.943 Earthenware coffin←259BadInfant Contamination 259 E315.147 —Secondary burial←220b/→258BadAdult? Contamination 260 E314.364 13.904 Hayaoke←262・308/ →547GoodOld adultMale12 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 GoodYoung adultMale10 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination5 261 E315.171 14.811 Square wooden coffin←159/→160 ・161・270BadInfant BadAdult? 262 E315.007 14.437 Hayaoke→260・293 ・307GoodYoung adultMale13 5 BadMiddle adultMale?5 Contamination 264 E415.260 14.960 Hayaoke←166・263/ →276BadAdult?Male? 265 E515.308 15.184 Earthenware coffin→234BadAdult? Contamination 266 E414.855 14.675 Hayaoke←215BadInfant

Table 1. Continued

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UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 267 E414.869 14.369 Hayaoke←215/→323BadYoung adultFemale 270 E315.119 14.819 Hayaoke←161・261BadInfant Contamination 271 E4･515.178 14.868 Square wooden coffin←180BadInfant 272 E415.512 14.992 Hayaoke←100BadAdult? 273 E414.960 14.620 Hayaoke←184/→275BadInfant Contamination 274 E515.095 —Earthenware coffin GoodMiddle adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 275 E414.684 14.184 Hayaoke←273/→295Not badAdolescentMale6 5 276 E415.153 14.603 Square wooden coffin←166・264/ →320・321

GoodMiddle adultMale12 5 GoodMiddle adultMale13 GoodMiddle adultMale11 GoodAdult?12 BadYoung adultMale Contamination 277 E215.164 14.794 Hayaoke BadAdult?Male Contamination 279 D214.972 14.472 Hayaoke GoodMiddle adultMale13 1 〇〇 280 D2･315.564 15.064 Hayaoke BadOld adultMale〇〇〇〇 Contamination3 281 E214.765 14.115 Kamekan GoodAdolescentFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 282 E414.904 14.254 Kamekan GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 283 E414.811 14.161 Kamekan←181・421BadAdult?Female?〇 GoodAdolescentMale13 5 Contamination 284 E414.923 14.273 Kamekan GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 285 E414.815 14.355 Square wooden coffin Not badOld adultMale5 5 〇〇〇 286 E414.843 14.143 Kamekan BadMiddle adultMale5 287 E414.769 14.089 Kamekan GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 288 E414.636 14.446 Cinerary urn Burned 289 E414.609 13.959 Kamekan→371GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadAdult? 290 D314.750 14.470 Earthenware coffin BadInfant 291 E414.819 14.219 Kamekan BadChild? 292 E314.799 14.393 Kamekan GoodMiddle adultMale115 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 294 D315.160 15.030 Earthenware coffin BadInfant 295 E414.419 13.889 Hayaoke←275GoodMiddle adultMale11〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadInfant Contamination 297 E214.842 —Secondary burial BadYoung adultMale5 〇〇 298 E315.074 14.824 Square wooden coffin←319BadInfant Contamination 299 E314.753 14.133 Square wooden coffin←78・120BadMiddle adultMale BadAdult? Contamination

Table 1. Continued

(12)

UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 300 D･E214.465 13.815 Kamekan GoodOld adultMale12 5 Contamination 301 D314.766 14.416 Square wooden coffin←189/→489BadAdolescentFemale5 〇 BadAdolescentFemale Contamination 302 E3･415.034 —Cinerary urn Burned 303 E3･415.140 14.940 Square wooden coffin BadAdult? Contamination 304 D･E215.077 14.609 Hayaoke←154/→312BadAdolescentFemale? Contamination 306 D315.008 —Secondary burial Not badMiddle adultMale8 5 BadAdult?Female4 Contamination 307 E314.817 14.417 Hayaoke←262・293BadMiddle adultMale Contamination 308 E314.489 14.439 Hayaoke→260・383BadChild BadAdult?〇 Contamination 309 C415.191 14.671 Square wooden coffin BadAdult? 311 D314.793 14.643 Earthenware coffin BadChild? 312 D･E214.894 14.394 Hayaoke←154・304BadYoung adultMale2 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadAdolescent5 313 E414.484 13.784 Kamekan GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 314 E3･414.776 14.226 Hayaoke GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 315 E414.774 14.194 Hayaoke GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 316 E414.771 14.231 Square wooden coffin←225GoodMiddle adultFemale12 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 318 E315.301 14.761 Hayaoke←319GoodOld adultFemale12 〇〇 319 E315.298 14.728 Hayaoke→298・318GoodYoung adultMale12 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇 Contamination 320 E414.854 14.524 Hayaoke←276/→321BadAdult?Male〇〇 321 E414.849 14.476 Hayaoke←170・276 ・320BadOld adultMale〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 322 E414.649 14.349 Hayaoke BadAdult? 323 E414.728 14.198 Hayaoke←267GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 324 E414.886 14.736 Square wooden coffin←106/→424BadYoung adultMale BadAdult? BadAdult? Contamination 325 E415.107 14.597 Square wooden coffin←177BadYoung adultFemale〇〇〇 Contamination 326 E415.169 14.579 Square wooden coffin←177/→435 ・438Not badMiddle adultFemale13 5 〇 Contamination

Table 1. Continued

(13)

UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 327 E514.829 14.259 Square wooden coffin→494GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 GoodMiddle adultMale13 〇〇〇〇 BadAdult?Female Contamination 328 BadMiddle adultMale〇〇 BadAdult?Male〇〇〇 329 E414.957 14.457 Hayaoke←181/→438BadAdolescent BadMiddle adultFemale〇〇〇〇 Contamination 330 D314.960 —Secondary burial BadOld adultMale? BadAdolescent 331 D315.199 —Earthenware coffin Fragments 332 D･E214.848 14.598 burial pit GoodAdolescentMale12 4 Contamination 334 E214.935 14.689 burial pit GoodYoung adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇 335 E314.837 14.687 Earthenware coffin BadAdult?〇〇

336 (333)

E614.750 —Secondary burial GoodYoung adultMale11 GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 337 E314.782 14.382 Hayaoke GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 339 E214.842 —Kamekan←340GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 340 E214.928 14.278 Square wooden coffin→339GoodMiddle adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 341 E514.836 14.556 Square wooden coffin←342BadYoung adultMale5 〇〇〇 BadYoung adultFemale 342 E514.847 14.647 Cinerary urn→341Burned 343 E415.124 14.694 Hayaoke←175/→435 ・438BadAdolescentFemale〇 BadAdult? BadAdult? 344aE514.729 14.329 Hayaoke→344bGoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇 344bE515.031 —Hayaoke←344aGoodYoung adultFemale12 Contamination1 345 E515.188 14.608 Square wooden coffin→347・511GoodOld adultFemale12 Contamination 346 E515.171 14.801 Square wooden coffin→347BadInfant 347 E515.116 14.616 Hayaoke←345・346/ →511BadYoung adultFemale〇〇〇 Contamination 347upperE5 BadYoung adultFemale 348 E515.151 14.751 Square wooden coffin BadChild 349 E615.364 —Secondary burial BadAdult?Male2 BadAdult? Contamination 350 E･F514.964 14.614 Square wooden coffin→473BadOld adultFemale4 5 GoodMiddle adultMale114 〇〇〇〇 Contamination 351 E214.397 13.757 Kamekan BadMiddle adultMale5 〇〇〇〇〇

Table 1. Continued

(14)

UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 352 E314.379 14.049 Hayaoke BadInfant 353 E314.729 14.130 Hayaoke BadAdolescent〇 Contamination 354 F615.410 —Secondary burial BadAdult?Male?5 355 F614.694 —Secondary burial Not badMiddle adultFemale7 〇 356 E1･215.421 14.861 Hayaoke BadYoung adultMale〇 357 F715.528 15.088 Hayaoke→372BadMiddle adultFemale 358 E715.367 14.827 Hayaoke→416BadMiddle adultMale2 BadMiddle adultFemale Contamination 359 E715.292 14.822 Hayaoke BadOld adultFemale 359upperE7 BadOld adult 360 E714.979 14.679 Square wooden coffin BadAdult? BadAdult? Contamination 361 E715.503 15.133 Square wooden coffin←135Fragments 364 F615.371 14.871 Hayaoke←365/→423BadAdult?Male〇 Contamination 364South- east BadAdult?Female3 BadAdolescent3 366 F615.215 14.745 Square wooden coffin GoodMiddle adultFemale12 5 367 F715.329 15.119 Hayaoke←49BadInfant 369 E614.989 14.689 Hayaoke BadAdolescentMale? 370 F614.946 14.246 Kamekan→407GoodYoung adultMale13 5 〇〇〇 GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 371 E414.146 13.516 Kamekan←289GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 372 F715.440 15.010 Hayaoke←357Fragments 374 E615.261 14.851 Square wooden coffin→375BadInfant Contamination 374upperE6 Fragments 375 E6･714.984 14.414 Hayaoke←374/→376GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 376 E6･714.911 14.331 Square wooden coffin←375BadAdult? 377 E414.569 13.929 Kamekan GoodYoung adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadAdult?〇 378 C･D314.875 —Kamekan Fragments 380 D314.779 14.559 Cinerary urn Burned 381 D314.523 14.323 burial pit→382b・422GoodOld adultFemale13 BadAdult? BadAdult?Female Contamination 382aD314.915 14.345 Hayaoke←373・380 ・382a/→422BadYoung adultFemale3 BadMiddle adultMale 382bD314.667 14.247 Hayaoke←308/→491GoodYoung adultMale13 5 383 E314.661 14.291 Square wooden coffin GoodMiddle adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇 BadAdolescent〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination

Table 1. Continued

(15)

UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 384 F615.150 14.920 Cinerary urn←55/→512Burned 385 E515.006 14.576 Square wooden coffin←142/→474BadMiddle adultMale5 〇〇 386 E714.463 14.263 Earthenware coffin Fragments 387 E314.263 13.633 Kamekan BadMiddle adultFemale 388 F614.999 —Cinerary urn←199Burned 389 C･D414.706 14.306 Square wooden coffin←408BadYoung adultFemale 391 C･D314.667 14.417 burial pit GoodOld adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇 392 E614.297 —Secondary burial GoodMiddle adultFemale13 BadOld adultFemale3 BadAdult? 393 E515.034 —Secondary burial Not badMiddle adultFemale13 〇 BadAdult? Contamination 394a+bE614.778 —Secondary burial GoodMiddle adultMale13 〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 397 F614.641 —Kamekan GoodOld adultMale11 398 F6･715.133 —Secondary burial←133

BadAdult?Male?5 BadAdult?Male?5 BadAdult?Male?5 BadAdult?Female? BadAdult?Female? BadAdolescent BadChild 399 E715.230 15.080 Hayaoke→474BadInfant Contamination 400 E714.979 14.469 Kamekan BadChild Contamination 401 E715.056 14.536 Hayaoke→403GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 GoodYoung adultFemale11 402 F6･715.086 14.516 Hayaoke←402Not badMiddle adultMale7 Contamination 403 E･F6･ 714.916 14.586 Square wooden coffin←71BadMiddle adultFemale〇 Contamination 404 F615.218 14.588 Square wooden coffin BadYoung adultFemale〇〇 Contamination 405 F614.504 13.854 Kamekan Not badYoung adultFemale13 5 〇 406 F715.528 14.818 Kamekan←370GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 407 F614.374 13.764 Kamekan←58b/→390GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇 Contamination 408 E614.759 14.599 Square wooden coffin←434/→410 ・468BadAdolescentFemale5 〇 BadOld adult2 409 E715.166 14.716 Hayaoke←409・434GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 BadOld adultFemale BadYoung adultMale Contamination 410 E･F715.124 14.654 Hayaoke Fragments 411 E714.945 14.295 Kamekan GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇

Table 1. Continued

(16)

UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 412 E715.228 —Kamekan→520・521BadAdult? BadAdult? 413 E515.340 14.660 Square wooden coffin BadAdult? Contamination 415上 (upper)F715.086 14.826 Secondary burial Not badMiddle adultMale13 5 〇 GoodOld adultFemale11 415下 (lower)F715.086 14.516 Hayaoke GoodMiddle adultFemale13 5 416 E715.108 14.788 Square wooden coffin←358BadMiddle adultFemale〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 417 D314.891 14.481 Square wooden coffin←86/→418BadYoung adultFemale〇〇〇 BadAdult? Contamination 419 D314.657 14.087 Square wooden coffin←418BadMiddle adultFemale5 〇〇〇〇〇〇 421 E414.912 14.231 Kamekan←181/→283BadMiddle adultFemale2 5 〇〇〇〇〇 422 D314.650 14.100 Hayaoke←382a・bGoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 423 F615.047 14.807 Square wooden coffin←364Fragments 424 E415.143 14.713 Square wooden coffin←324BadAdult?〇〇 Contamination 425 D314.714 14.196 Square wooden coffin BadYoung adultMale〇〇 Contamination 426 F614.821 —Secondary burial BadAdolescent 427 F615.026 14.526 Square wooden coffin GoodOld adultFemale11 428 F5･615.321 14.821 Hayaoke→429GoodYoung adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadAdult? Contamination 429 E･F615.234 14.634 Hayaoke←428GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇 BadYoung adultFemale4 〇〇〇〇〇 BadChild 430 E515.084 14.794 Square wooden coffin→505BadInfant 431 E415.119 14.759 Hayaoke→439BadChild?Female Contamination 432 E･F515.286 14.736 Hayaoke→436GoodMiddle adultMale12 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadAdolescent 434 E714.871 —Hayaoke→409・410BadAdult? BadAdult? Contamination 435 E414.994 14.554 Hayaoke←326・343BadAdult?Male 436 E･F515.029 14.769 Square wooden coffin←432/→437Not badAdolescentMale?7 4 BadAdult? 437 E･F514.943 14.793 Square wooden coffin←436BadChild? 438 E414.951 14.381 Hayaoke←326・329 ・343/→483GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 439 E415.010 14.460 Hayaoke←431/→440BadMiddle adultMale5 Contamination5 440 E414.520 14.350 Square wooden coffin←439・444bBadAdult?

Table 1. Continued

(17)

UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 443 D414.580 13.870 Kamekan BadAdult? 444bE414.570 13.970 Square wooden coffin←444a/→440GoodAdolescentFemale10 〇〇〇〇 Contamination 445 C414.605 13.955 Square wooden coffin GoodYoung adultMale13 5 〇〇〇 447 F614.435 13.885 Kamekan GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 448 E3･414.248 13.738 Square wooden coffin BadMiddle adultMale2 5 〇〇 GoodMiddle adultFemale13 3 〇〇〇 Contamination 449 E314.315 13.825 Hayaoke GoodYoung adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇 GoodYoung adultFemale13 Not badMiddle adultMale6 Contamination 450 E314.373 14.063 Hayaoke BadInfant 451 E314.298 13.748 Hayaoke GoodOld adultFemale12 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇 453aE314.233 13.930 Kamekan→453bGoodAdolescentFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 453bE313.923 13.323 Kamekan←453aGoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇 454 F714.873 14.343 Kamekan GoodAdolescentFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 455 F614.697 14.547 Cinerary urn Burned 456 F614.512 14.112 Kamekan BadInfant 457 E614.939 —Secondary burial GoodMiddle adultFemale13 458 E714.714 —Hayaoke→459・460BadAdult? 459 E714.832 14.302 Hayaoke←458/→460Not badMiddle adultFemale5 4 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 460 E714.628 14.002 Kamekan←458・459BadMiddle adultMale2 5 〇〇〇〇〇 462 E714.759 14.229 Hayaoke←30GoodAdolescentFemale12 4 〇〇〇〇〇 463 F714.633 13.993 Kamekan GoodOld adultMale10 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 464 E714.638 14.028 Kamekan←465BadAdult? 465 E714.684 14.184 Square wooden coffin→464GoodMiddle adultMale115 〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 466 E714.653 13.983 Kamekan GoodOld adultMale115 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 467 E714.680 14.370 Hayaoke BadInfant 468 E714.926 14.636 Square wooden coffin←141・409/ →486BadMiddle adultFemale 469 E714.640 14.260 Square wooden coffin←474Fragments 470 F6･714.488 13.868 Kamekan GoodOld adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadAdult?Male 471 F614.554 13.924 Square wooden coffin GoodMiddle adultMale?13 5 〇〇 Contamination 473 E･F514.880 14.620 Hayaoke←350BadAdult? 474 E714.453 14.363 Square wooden coffin→469/←142 ・386・400BadMiddle adultMale Contamination 475 E514.751 14.221 Hayaoke GoodAdolescentMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 GoodMiddle adultMale13 GoodMiddle adultMale13 Contamination 477 E･F514.823 14.613 Square wooden coffin BadMiddle adultFemale〇〇〇

Table 1. Continued

(18)

UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 478 F5･615.090 14.849 Square wooden coffin→498Not badMiddle adultFemale13 5 〇 Contamination 480 E514.911 14.611 Square wooden coffin BadYoung adultMale2 Contamination 481 C414.629 14.029 Square wooden coffin GoodOld adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 482 C314.503 13.963 Hayaoke Not badMiddle adultMale9 5 〇〇 483 E414.558 14.158 Square wooden coffin←438Not badYoung adultMale12 〇 GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇 Not badMiddle adultFemale13 5 〇 487 C3･414.716 13.996 Kamekan GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 488 C･D314.312 13.762 Hayaoke GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 489 D314.510 14.240 Square wooden coffin←301BadMiddle adultMale Contamination 491 E314.568 14.018 Hayaoke←383GoodAdolescentMale13 4 〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 492 D414.624 14.044 Kamekan BadYoung adultFemale5 〇〇〇〇〇〇 Not badMiddle adultMale6 BadInfant 493 E414.402 14.052 Hayaoke BadInfant 494 E4･514.551 14.291 Square wooden coffin←327Not badMiddle adultMale13 〇 BadMiddle adultMale3 495 D314.896 14.616 Square wooden coffin BadAdult?Male〇〇 Contamination 496 E514.729 14.218 Hayaoke GoodOld adultFemale115 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 497 D314.571 14.351 Square wooden coffin BadMiddle adultFemale Contamination 498 E･F5･ 614.783 14.163 Kamekan←478GoodMiddle adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 499 E･F614.320 13.720 Kamekan←500・503GoodOld adultMale12 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 500 F614.350 14.020 Kamekan→499・503 ・534cBadInfant 501 F614.668 14.505 Earthenware coffin GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadInfant 502 E514.724 14.584 Square wooden coffin BadMiddle adultFemale 503 F614.340 14.020 Hayaoke←500/→499BadInfant 504 E･F614.361 13.741 Square wooden coffin GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadAdult?Female 505 E514.775 14.615 Square wooden coffin←430BadChild BadAdult? 506 E･F515.067 14.647 Hayaoke→519BadMiddle adultMale4 5 Contamination 507 E･F514.675 14.125 Square wooden coffin→535aGoodAdolescentFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadAdult? BadInfant

Table 1. Continued

(19)

UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 508 E615.776 15.396 Square wooden cofﬁn→54

Not badMiddle adultMale8 5 〇〇〇〇〇 BadAdolescentMale GoodAdult?Male12 BadInfant Contamination 508outside coffinE6 GoodMiddle adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadAdult?Male Contamination 509 E614.491 14.271 Cinerary urn Burned 510 E･F414.175 13.655 Hayaoke BadAdult? 511 E514.721 14.161 Hayaoke←345・347BadYoung adultFemale〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 512 E514.578 14.358 Square wooden coffin←385BadMiddle adultMale4 〇〇 513 F714.250 13.620 Kamekan GoodAdolescentMale?13 5 514 E714.356 14.116 Square wooden coffin BadAdult? 515 E･F714.295 13.675 Kamekan GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 516 F714.103 13.583 Hayaoke GoodMiddle adultMale114 〇〇〇〇 517 F714.337 13.987 Hayaoke BadChild 518 E･F514.361 13.861 Square wooden coffin BadInfant 519 E･F514.836 14.436 Kamekan←228・506Not badYoung adultMale?10 4 〇 Contamination 520 E514.916 14.596 Square wooden coffin←413/→529BadYoung adultFemale Contamination 521 E515.118 14.538 Square wooden coffin←413/→529BadMiddle adultMale〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadMiddle adultFemale Contamination 522 E515.035 —Secondary burial GoodYoung adultMale13 〇〇〇 Not badMiddle adultFemale13 〇 523 E514.850 14.800 Hayaoke BadAdult?Male?〇〇 524 E514.662 14.132 Hayaoke→525・537GoodMiddle adultFemale13 5 BadAdolescent〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 525 E514.444 13.894 Hayaoke←524GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 526 E514.970 14.800 Hayaoke BadMiddle adultMale〇〇 Contamination 528 E514.415 13.765 Kamekan GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 529 E514.741 14.021 Kamekan←520・521GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadMiddle adultMale 530 E･F714.635 14.335 Square wooden coffin BadAdolescentMale 531 F714.394 13.844 Hayaoke GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇 532 D314.666 —Secondary burial BadAdult?Male BadAdult?female Contamination 533 E･F514.475 13.935 Hayaoke Not badMiddle adultMale13 5 〇 GoodYoung adultFemale13 Contamination

Table 1. Continued

(20)

UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 534aE･F514.271 14.051 Secondary burial BadMiddle adultMale〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadAdult?Male 534bE･F514.271 13.741 Hayaoke GoodOld adultFemale12 5 〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 534cF614.222 13.792 Kamekan←500BadChild BadAdult?Female 535aE･F514.436 14.006 Square wooden coffin←507GoodYoung adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 535bE514.334 13.884 Hayaoke→538BadMiddle adultMale3 〇〇〇 BadOld adultFemale5 〇〇 536 E414.271 13.841 Kamekan BadInfant BadChild 537 E･F514.356 13.806 Hayaoke←524BadAdult? 538 E4･514.386 13.886 Hayaoke←535bGoodOld adultFemale12 Contamination1 540 F713.643 13.213 Kamekan BadAdult? 541 F713.160 12.800 Cinerary urn Burned 542 E314.014 13.604 Hayaoke GoodMiddle adultMale12 4 〇〇〇〇 543 E7･815.209 14.709 Hayaoke GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 544aE313.841 13.631 Cinerary urn Burned 544bE313.627 13.427 Cinerary urn Burned 544cE313.484 13.284 Cinerary urn Burned 544dE313.484 13.284 Cinerary urn Bad 545 E314.140 13.790 Hayaoke→546BadInfant Contamination 546 E314.227 13.577 Kamekan←545GoodMiddle adultMale12 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇 547 E314.045 13.785 Hayaoke←260Bad 548 E313.850 13.360 Hayaoke GoodYoung adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 549 E413.831 13.331 Hayaoke GoodYoung adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 560 E314.267 13.867 Hayaoke→565BadInfant 561 E413.931 13.431 Hayaoke GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 562 E313.938 13.708 Square wooden coffin BadYoung adultMale〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 563 E313.919 13.489 Hayaoke GoodOld adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 564 E314.276 13.936 Hayaoke GoodYoung adultFemale12 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 BadInfant 565 E313.917 13.517 Hayaoke←560GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 566 E313.854 13.654 Cinerary urn Burned 567内 (inside)E313.295 13.065 Cinerary urn Burned 567外 (outside) Burned 569 C414.287 13.777 Kamekan BadMiddle adultMale〇〇 Contamination 571 E･F613.380 12.700 Kamekan BadAdult? 572 E7･814.730 14.100 Square wooden coffin←573BadYoung adultMale5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇

Table 1. Continued

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UpperLowerN. of MeasurableN. of Measurablerightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleftrightleft 573 E7･814.730 14.720 Square wooden coffin→572BadInfant BadAdult?Male5 Contamination 577 E･F714.580 13.930 Kamekan GoodYoung adultFemale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 578 F7･814.730 14.170 Hayaoke→579GoodMiddle adultMale115 〇〇〇〇〇 579 F7･814.300 —Kamekan←578GoodMiddle adultFemale115 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 580 E814.680 14.580 Square wooden coffin→581Fragments〇 581 E814.680 14.480 Square wooden coffin←580BadAdult? 582 F712.880 12.560 Hayaoke Burned 584 F7･815.180 —Hayaoke Not badMiddle adultFemale6 〇〇 585 F714.180 13.999 Cinerary urn Burned 586 F712.880 12.710 Cinerary urn Burned 588 D2･313.280 —Kamekan GoodMiddle adultMale115 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 589 D213.780 12.980

Kamekan in wooden burial chamber

GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 590 C313.880 —Kamekan→591GoodYoung adultMale13 5 〇〇 Contamination 591 C313.750 13.550 Cinerary urn←590Burned 592 D214.320 13.540 Kamekan GoodMiddle adultMale13 5 〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇 Contamination 597 C314.780 14.280 Hayaoke→600Not badOld adultFemale8 3 598・ 599 C314.100 13.780 Hayaoke BadMiddle adultMale2 BadAdult?Male? Contamination 602 C313.830 13.630 Cinerary urn Burned

Table 1. Continued

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height, Orbital breadth, Orbital height, Nasal breadth, and Nasal height) and ﬁve variables of mandible (Bicondylar breadth, Bigonial breadth, Projective length of mandible, Height of mandib- ular ramus, and Minimum width of ramus).

“Long bone Length”: “〇” in these columns means that it was possible to measure the maxi- mum lengths of all long bones. If multiple indi- viduals were contained in one burial facility and have difﬁculty to be assessed the attribution of long bones, the long bones that were able to be measured at their maximum length were not assigned to “Measurable” in this inventory.

Results and Discussion

Table 1 shows the inventory of the human skeletal remains excavated from the Sugenji Ato site. This inventory clariﬁed in this report that 500 out of the 579 burial facilities excavated contained human skeletal remains. The total number of individuals was 804, and 170 individ- uals have well-preserved skeletal remains, as seen in Table 2. The number of individuals who could be assigned to the eight age categories

reached to 581; of these, 371 were able to be estimated their sexes (222 males, 149 females).

The availability of these data points that this skeletal collection is well-preserved and has great value for anthropological research.

Acknowledgement

We wish to express our sincere gratitude to Dr.

K. Shinoda and Ms. A. Nakatuka (The National Museum of Nature and Science) and for valuable advice.

Reference

Buikstra J. E. and Ubelaker D. H. (1994) Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains.

Research Series, no. 44. Arkansas Archaeological Sur- vey, Fayetteville.

Lovejoy C., Meindl R.S., Pryzbeck T.R., and Mensforth R.P. (1985) Chronological Metamorphosis of the Auric- ular Surface of the Ilium: A New Method for the Deter- mination of Adult Skeletal Age at Death. American Journal of Physical anthropology 68:15–28.

Nagaoka T. (2007) Demographic Structure of the Human Skeletal Remains from the Ikenohata-Shichikencho Site, Tokyo. Bulletin of National Museum Nature and Table 2. Number of individuals with of each condition and estimated age category of the human skeletal remains

Adolescent Young Adult Middle adult Old adult Others Total (%)

Good 14 46 84 24 2 170 (21.1)

Not bad 2 5 24 2 0 33 (4.1)

Bad 29 40 64 17 228 380 (47.3)

Burned 38 (4.7)

Fragments 14 (1.7)

Contamination 169 (21.0)

Total 804 (100.0)

Table 3. Summary of the age at death and Sex

Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)

Infant 65 (8.1)

Child 13 (1.6)

Adolescent 12 (5.4) 16 (10.7) 45 (5.6)

Young adult 45 (20.4) 46 (30.9) 91 (11.3)

Middle adult 121 (54.5) 51 (34.2) 174 (21.7)

Old adult 15 (6.8) 24 (16.1) 43 (5.4)

Child? 25 (3.1)

Adult? 29 (13.1) 12 (8.1) 125 (15.4)

Total 222 (100.0) 149 (100.0) 581 (100.0)

“Male?” and “Female?” in Table 1 were included in “Male” and “Female” respectively.

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Science, Tokyo, Ser. D vol. 33: 21–38.

Sakaue K. and Adachi N. (2009) Evaluation of sexing methods using cranial traits in the Japanese population (In Japanese with English summary). Nihon Houigaku Zashi, 63: 125–140.

Taisei Engineering Co., Ltd (2005) Kensyutusareta Ikou

to Ibutu (Ddetected relics and remains) In: Taisei Engi- neering Cco., Lltd. (ed.), Sugenji Syoukenji Ato, Meiji- Jingu, Tokyo, pp. 22–143. (in Japanese)