ᱧผㇺᏒ㒐ἴ⺰ᢥ㓸 Vol. 6㧔2012ᐕ7㧕 ޣ⺰ᢥޤ
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A Study on Fire proofing Japanese traditional town houses Nuriya in Edo
ਅ 㓶ᴦ
1ጊፒ ᱜผ
2Yuji Morishita and Masahumi Yamazaki
1┙㙚ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮 ℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧔ޥ525-8577 ṑ⾐⋵⨲ᵤᏒ㊁〝᧲1-1-1㧕
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University
2┙㙚ᄢቇᢎ ℂᎿቇㇱᑪ▽ㇺᏒ࠺ࠩࠗࡦቇ⑼㧔ޥ525-8577 ṑ⾐⋵⨲ᵤᏒ㊁〝᧲1-1-1㧕
Professor, Department of Architecture and Urban Design, Ritsumeikan University
The purpose of this study is to clarify on the formation of traditional town houses Nuriya, which is a type of fireproof building generated in Edo, and on the process of its transition. The traditional town houses Machiya that are called
Dozo-zukuri䎃 and Nuriya䎃 are found all over the country. Since the historical city centers where Matchiya are located
are often designated as quasi-fire proof districts, it has been difficult to inherit the wooden buildings. In this study, the analyses were made focusing on Nuriya as the form that pertains to the fire protection of traditional wooden buildings.
Keywords :Edo, Nuriya, Machiya, fireproof buildings, building regulations
ߪߓߦ
ᳯᚭߦ߅ߡߪޔᥲ㧟ᐕ㧔㧝㧢㧡㧣㧕ߩᄢἫࠍᄾᯏߦᥲ߆ࠄ੨ᦼ㧔㧝㧣㧝㧢㨪㧝㧣㧟㧢㧕ߦࠊߚߞ ߡ㒐Ἣߦ㑐ߔࠆ⻉╷߇㊀ὐ⊛ߦᣉⴕߐࠇߚޕᥲᄢἫએ㒠ߦㅴࠄࠇߚㇺᏒ㒐Ἣߦ㑐ߔࠆਥߥ╷ߣߒߡޔ ᑧ㒐ᱛߩߚߩἫ㒰㧔Ἣ㒰ᐢዊ〝Ἣ㒰Ἣ㒰ႇ╬㧕ߩ⸳⟎ޔᱞኅᣇߩᶖ㒐ߩ⚵❱ൻ߇ߍࠄࠇࠆޕ ੨ᦼߦ⥋ߞߡ↸ੱࠍἫరߣߔࠆἫἴߩჇടߦኻߒޔ᐀ᐭߪ↸ᣇߩᶖ㒐ߩ⚵❱ൻߣᑪ▽ⷙࠍᒝൻߒߚޕ ᓟㅀߔࠆ੨㧡ᐕ㧔㧝㧣㧞㧜㧕㧠㧞㧜ᣣߩ↸⸅ࠍ┵✜ߣߒߡޔ᐀ᐭߪ↸ᣇߦኻߒߡ㒐Ἣᑪ▽ዉߩߚߩ ᑪ▽ⷙࠍᣉⴕߒߚޕ᐀ᐭ߇ផㅴߒߚ㒐Ἣᑪ▽ߦޟ⬿ㅧޠޔޟႣኅޠߩੑߟߩᒻᑼ߇ࠆޕᳯᚭߩޟ⬿ ㅧޠߦ㑐ߒߡߪᵄᄙ㊁ ߩᣢᓔ⎇ⓥ߇ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔᳯᚭߩޟႣኅޠߦ㑐ߒߡߩ⎇ⓥ ߪዋߥߊߘߩ⚦ߥ ಽᨆߪਇ⿷ߒߡࠆޕ ޟ⬿ㅧޠޔޟႣኅޠߣࠃ߫ࠇߡࠆ↸ኅߪో࿖ߦಽᏓߒߡࠆޕߘࠇࠄߩ↸ኅ߇ᚲߔࠆᱧผ⊛Ꮢⴝ ߪḰ㒐Ἣߦᜰቯߐࠇࠆ߽ᄙߊޔવ⛔⊛ᧁㅧᑪㅧ‛ߩ⛮ᛚߪ࿎㔍ߢࠅߘߩᄙߊ߇ᄬࠊࠇߡ߈ߚޕᧄ⎇ ⓥߢߪવ⛔⊛ᧁㅧᑪㅧ‛ߩ㒐Ἣߦ㑐ࠊࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡޟႣኅޠߦ⌕⋡ߒಽᨆࠍㅴߚޕ ᧄ⎇ⓥߪᳯᚭߩ㒐Ἣᑪ▽ߩ৻ᒻᑼߢࠆޟႣኅޠߩ↢ᚑߣߘߩᄌㆫㆊ⒟ࠍࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆޕ⎇ⓥᣇᴺ
ᧄ⎇ⓥߪޟႣኅޠߦ㑐ࠊࠆᳯᚭߩ↸⸅ޔ᐀ᐭᢥᦠࠍਥߥಽᨆኻ⽎ߣߒߚޕኻ⽎ᐕઍߣߒߡᥲᄢἫᓟ㨪᐀ ᧃ߹ߢࠍ㧟ᦼߦಽߌߡ⠨ኤߒߚޕ ᄢἫᓟޔ↸ᣇ߳ߩᑪ▽ⷙ߇ߥߐࠇޔߘߩⷙߦᄢ߈ߥᄌൻ߇ߥ੨㧡ᐕ㧠એ೨߹ߢࠍ ᦼޔ੨㧡 ᐕ㧠ߦ㒐Ἣᑪ▽ផᅑߩ↸⸅߇ߐࠇޔ㒐Ἣᑪ▽ⷙߩᣉ╷߇߅߅ߨቢੌߔࠆᑧ੨㧟ᐕ㧔㧝㧣㧠㧢߹ߢࠍ 㧞ᦼޔߘߩᓟᚑ┙ߒߚ㒐Ἣᑪ▽ⷙ߇⛮⛯ߐࠇࠆ᐀ᧃ߹ߢࠍ㧟ᦼߣߒߚޕ㧞 ᦼᥲᄢἫ߆ࠄ੨ ᐕ㧝㧢㧡㧣㨪㧝㧣㧞㧜
ਁᴦ㧟ᐕ㧔㧝㧢㧢㧜㧕㧝㧝㧣ᣣߦޟᱝᐲ㘃Ἣ࠾ㅩ↸ਛਯ⠪ޔዊደដࡂࡃޔደᩮႣደ⦼ደ⨆⫘߆ ߈߆ࠄ⫘࠾นޔ⨆⫘⫴⫘ᐗߎߌࠄ⫘ߘ߈᧼⫘࠾⥌ή↪࠾นޠߩ↸⸅߇ߐࠇߚޕߎߩ⸅ߪਁᴦ 㧟ᐕ㧝㧟ޔ㧝㧜ޔ㧝㧞ޔ㧝㧠ᣣߣㅪ⛯ߒߡ⊒↢ߒߚἫἴߦࠃߞߡ㘃ߒߚ↸ᣇߦߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢޔนΆᕈ ߩደᩮߢࠆ⨆⫘⫴⫘ߥߤߩደᩮߪޟή↪࠾นޠߣߒޔޟደᩮႣደ⦼ደ⨆⫘߆߈߆ࠄ⫘ޠߥߤߦߔࠆࠃ ߁ߦߣߩ⸅ߢࠆޕߎߩਛߩޟႣደޠߪᢥ⣂߆ࠄደᩮߩ᭽ࠍㅀߴߡ߅ࠅޔደᩮޟႣደޠ߇ޟ߆߈߆ࠄ⫘ޠ ╬ߣห╬ߩ߽ߩߣߒߡᛒࠊࠇߡࠆޕߟߠߡਁᴦ㧟ᐕ㧞㧞㧟ᣣߦޟᐲ↳〔࠾ޔࠊࠄ⫘⨆⫘ਯޔ ❑ᒰಽਯ࠾⠰߽ߦߡߧࠅน↳ޔߎߌࠄ⫘ࡂޔ߆߈߆ࠄ࠾⠰߽⦼࠾⠰߽ߦ⠰߽ൎᚻᰴ╙࠾น⥌ޠ ߣߩ⸅߇ࠆޕߎߩਛߩޟߎߌࠄ߰߈ߪߦ⠰߽ൎᚻᰴ╙࠾น⥌ޠߣࠅޔޟߎߌࠄ߰߈ޠߩደᩮ ߪߢႣߞߡ߽ࠃߣߩ⸅ߢߞߚޕਁᴦ㧠ᐕ㧔㧝㧢㧢㧝㧕㧝㧞㧜ᣣߦߪޟ↸ਛࠊࠄ߿߆߿ኅߧࠅ߿ߩደ ᩮޔ⪭↳ደᩮࡂޔᣧޘ࠾⠰ߧࠄߖน↳ޔ୫ኅᐫ߆ࠅ╬ㄥήᴤᢿ↳ઃޔᕆᐲደᩮႣน↳ޠߩ⸅ߦޔ ޟߧࠅ߿ደᩮޔ⪭↳ደᩮࡂޠߣࠆޕߎࠇࠄ߆ࠄޟደᩮႣደޠޔޟߧࠅ߿ߩደᩮޠߣߪޟߎߌࠄ߰߈ޠ ߩደᩮࠍߢႣߞߚ߽ߩࠍޔޟႣደޠޔޟߧࠅ߿ޠߪޟߢႣࠄࠇߚޠߣߩᗧߦ⸃㉼ߢ߈ࠆޕߘߩᓟޔ ੨೨ᦼ߹ߢߦޟႣኅޠߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⸅ߥߤߩᢥᦠߪߚࠄߥޕ ੨㧡ᐕ㧞㧝㧣ᣣߦ↸ᐕነᄹ⦟ደ߆ࠄᐕ⇟ฬਥߦኻߒߡޔޟ↸ޘ࠾⠰ޔⅽ⫘ߦᐲሽነ߽ਯޔ⧯ ↸ੱ㆙ᘦ࠾ሽ⟓⋧ޔ╵น⥌ᣦⵍ↳ᷰޠߣߩ⻁߇ߐࠇߚޕߎࠇߪ↸ᐕነ߆ࠄ↸ᣇߦኻߒߡޟⅽ ⫘ߦߒߚߣߩᗧะ߇↸ੱߦࠆߣ߁߇㆙ᘦߒߡࠆߩ߆ޠߣߩ⻁ߢࠆޕ ߘߩ╵ᦠߣߒߡ㧞㧝㧥ᣣߦޟᐲޘ㘃࠾⠰↸ޘኅᜬ࿎┆ޔ⥄ಽߣኅਇޔ୫ਯ⠪ᣇ࠾ ⠰ኅᓧޔᤚᐲޘ㘃࠾⠰ޔ᧼⫘ߐ߳ਇ↸ޘᄙᓮᐳ⠰ޔẋ⨆⫘࠾ว࠾ᓮᐳᓧߪޔⅽ⫘ ࠾⟵ޔ㔍ᄺሽ↱ޔ↸ੱ↳ޔὼ↸ච↸࠾ᄀ࠷ᑽ࠷⒟߽Ⴃኅ࠾ㅧ⠪߽ᓮᐳᓧޔᄀ↸ߣ⛯ Ⴃኅ࠾ㅧ⠪ήᓮᐳޔㄭᐕࡂኅᜬ߆ࠅ╬߽ᒰಽਯᷰᔃᤃㅍࠅ⠪߽ήᢙᓮᐳޠߣߩᦠઃ߇ᗉ↸ฬਥ ߆ࠄ↸ᐕነߦ↳ߐࠇߡࠆޕߎࠇߪޟᐲޘߩ㘃ߢ᧼⫘ߢߔࠄήℂߢࠅߒ߫ࠄߊ⨆⫘ࠍኈߒߡߊࠇޔ ⅽ⫘ߪߣߡ߽㔍ߒޠߣߩ╵ߢࠆޕߘߩᓟᲑߦޟὼ↸ච↸࠾ᄀ࠷ᑽ࠷⒟߽Ⴃኅ࠾ㅧ⠪ޠߣࠅޔ ޟႣኅޠߦߒߡࠆ⠪ߪޟ↸ච↸࠾ᄀ࠷ᑽ࠷ޠߛߣ⸒ߞߡࠆޕᢥᦠߩౝኈߪደᩮߩ᭽ࠍ㗴ߦߒߡ߅ ࠅޔߎߩޟႣኅޠߣߪደᩮߩޟႣኅޠࠍᜰߔߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔ೨ㅀߩޟႣደޠޔޟߧࠅ߿ޠߦߪޟደ ᩮႣደޠޔޟߧࠅ߿ߩደᩮޠߣደᩮ߇૬⸥ߐࠇߡࠆ߇ޔߎߩᢥᦠਛߩޟႣኅޠߦߪደᩮߩ૬⸥߇ήޕ หᐕ㧠㧝㧜ᣣߦߪޟᄹ⦟ደᳯᐕ⇟ฬਥⵍޔవ㆐⠰߽ᓮᴕ᳸ਯὑἫ㒐ޔ↸ޘႣደ࠾⥌ߒนὼޔ వ㗃ⵍઔᷰ▵ࡂਇ⥌⪭⌕㑆ޔᕆ࠾⋧⺣⥌ߒޔᣣਛ࠾ᦠઃᏅ᭽ⵍ↳ᷰ㨭ߣߩޟႣደޠߦ㑐ߔࠆ⻁ ߇ᐕ⇟ฬਥߦߐࠇߡࠆޕߎࠇߪవᣣ㒐ἫߩߚޟႣደޠߦߒߚࠄߤ߁߆ߣߩ⻁ࠍฬਥ㆐ߦߒߚ߇ ⌕ߒߥ߆ߞߚߩߢޔޟ↸ᣇߢ⋧⺣ߒߡᣣ╵ߖࠃޠߣߩ⻁ߢࠆޕ ⠉㧝㧝ᣣߦޟ᧼⫘ደᩮṭ༟࠾⠰Ⴃޔᓮ࠾ᓮᐳޔᱝᲑႣ⠰߽ޔẋᄀࠤᐕ⒟ᜬ↳⠰߽⪭↳ ޔᄀࠤᐕ࠾ᄀᐲ࠷ޔႣਇࡂߨߪޔࠍᜬਇ↳ޔᱝᲑࡂ᭽࠾߽ୃⷒࡂนᓧޔดಽߪ⍹Ἧ╬ ߽ਅ⋥࠾ήᓮᐳޔᏅᒰࠅ㔍นᓮᐳߣᄺሽޔ↸ਛ৻ห࠾ࡂޔ₈ṭ༟ᛄᐩ࠾⟓ᚑޔ㜞⋥࠾น ᓮᐳޔᏀߪޔᒎㅅᖺนᄺሽޔฝਔ᭽࠾Ⴃ↳ࡂޔ㘧Ἣਯ↪ᔃ⢻ᓮᐳ⠰߽ޔดಽߦߡߪޔዊደដ ߽シߊᓮᐳ㑆ޔႣኅ࠾㔍ᄺሽޠߣ╵ᦠ߇↳ߐࠇߡࠆޕߎࠇߪޟႣደޠߦߒߚࠄߤ߁߆ߣߩ⻁ ߦኻߒߡޟ᧼⫘ደᩮṭ༟࠾⠰Ⴃޔᓮ࠾ᓮᐳޠߣ╵߃ߡ߅ࠅޔ᧼⫘ߩደᩮࠍṭ༟ߢႣߞߚ߽ߩ߇ޟႣ ደޠߢࠆߣ⸃㉼ߢ߈ࠆޕߘߒߡߘߩᓟޟႣደޠߩᰳὐߣ᧚ᢱߩṭ༟ߩ㜞㛛ࠍᜰ៰ߒޔޟႣኅ࠾㔍ᄺሽޠ ߣޟႣኅޠߦߔࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢࠆߣ╵ߒߡࠆޕߎߩ↳ᦠߢߪޟႣደޠߣޟႣኅޠ߇ห⟵ߦ↪ߐࠇ ߡ߅ࠅޔߘߩᏅ⇣ߪߥޕ⠉㧝㧞ᣣߦߪ↸ᐕነ߆ࠄౣ⠨ߒ╵ߖࠃߣߩ⻁߇ߥߐࠇޔห㧝㧡ᣣߦ↸ᣇ߆ࠄ ޟතᲑޘᔃដࠤޔႣደ࠾᭽ޠߣ╵ᦠ߇↳ߐࠇߡࠆޕ੨㧡ᐕೋ㗡߆ࠄ㧠ߦ߆ߌߡ↸ᐕነߣฬ ਥߣߩ㑆ߢขࠅࠊߐࠇߚ㗴ߪޔ↸ኅࠍⅽ⫘߿ޟႣኅޠߦᡷㅧߐߖߚ᐀ᐭߩᗧะߦኻߒߡޔฬਥ߆ࠄ ↳ߐࠇࠆ╵ᦠߪޔ⚻ᷣ⊛ߥℂ↱ޔޟႣኅޠߩᰳ㒱ޔṭ༟ߩ㜞㛛ߥߤࠍℂ↱ߦޟᲑޘᔃដޠߣ╵߃ߡࠆޕ એ߆ࠄᰴߩߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚޕ᐀ᐭߪᥲߩᄢἫએᓟޔ⮝⫘ޔ⨆⫘ޔ⫴⫘ޔߎߌࠄ⫘ޔߘ߈᧼⫘ߥ ߤߩนΆᕈߩ᧚ᢱߢ⫘߆ࠇߚደᩮࠍ߿ṭ༟ߢႣࠅޔደᩮ㒐Ἣߩߚߩᑪ▽ⷙࠍᣉⴕߒߚޕߒ߆ߒ↸ᣇߩ ᛶ᛫ߢߥ߆ߥ߆ታߒߥ߆ߞߚޕ᧼⫘ߩደᩮߦ߿ṭ༟ࠍႣߞߚ߽ߩࠍਁᴦᐕ㑆ߩ⸅ߢߪޟߧࠅ߿ߩደᩮޠޔ ੨㧡ᐕߩ᐀ᐭᢥᦠߢߪ㨬Ⴃኅ㨭ޟႣደޠߣᦠ߆ࠇޔ㨬Ⴃኅ㨭ߣޟႣደޠߪห⟵ߦ↪ߐࠇߡߚߎߣ߇ಽ߆ ߞߚޕߎߩ㑆ߩᢥᦠߦ߿ṭ༟ߢደᩮએᄖࠍႣߞߚ߽ߩࠍޟႣኅޠߣᦠߚ߽ߩߪߟ߆ࠄߥ߆ߞߚޕ㧟㧞ᦼ੨㧡ᐕ㧠߆ࠄᑧ੨㧟ᐕ㧝㧣㧞㧜㨪㧝㧣㧠㧢
੨㧡ᐕ㧠㧞㧜ᣣޟ↸ਛ᥉⺧ਯޔ⬿ㅧᚗࡂႣኅⅽደᩮ࠾ޔดㄥࡂ⥌㆙ᘦ᭽⋧⡞ޔะᓟ ฝਯ㘃᥉⺧ᐲߣሽ⠪ࡂޔൎᚻᰴ╙ߚࠆ߳ߊޔ⇙┧Ἣਯ▵㒐࠾߽ᚑޔࡂ㘧Ἣήਯὑ࠾㑆ޔฝਯᄖ ࠾߽นὼߪޔᤚൎᚻᰴ╙࠾นฝਯㅢޔኅᜬߪਇ↳୫ኅᐫ߆ࠅⵣޘㄥޔᱝᣦਇᱷนⵍ⋧⸅ޔએޠ ߩ⸅߇ߐࠇࠆޕߎߩ⸅ߪ᥉⺧ߩ㓙ޔ㒐Ἣߩߚߦޟ⬿ㅧޠޔޟႣኅޠޔޟⅽደᩮޠߩㆬᛯߪ⥄↱ߢޔ ⵙ㊂ߦ߹߆ߔߣߩ⸅ߢߞߚޕߎࠇߪ೨ㅀߩ੨㧡ᐕೋ㗡߆ࠄ㧠ߩ㑆ߦ↸ᐕነߣฬਥߣߢขࠅࠊߐࠇߚ 㗴ߩ⸃᩺ߢߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ ᐀ᐭߪ੨㧣ᐕ㧔㧝㧣㧞㧞㧕㧞એ㒠ޟߎߩᐲ⬿ㅧ⥌↸ޘޔ᧲ࡂᧄ⍹྾ৼ⋡ධ࡛ᧄ⦁↸ㄥޔධࡂ ᧄ⍹྾ৼ⋡ධ࡛ᧄ⦁↸ㄥޔධࡂᧄ⦁↸࡛ർ㕽↸ㄥޔࡂർ↸࡛ᧄ⍹↸ᄀৼ⋡ධࡑ࠹ޔർࡂᧄ⍹↸ ᄀৼ⋡ධ࡛ห྾↸⋡ධㄥޠߥߤߣ↸ၞࠍᜰቯߒߡޔ↸ኅࠍ㒐Ἣᑪ▽ߦᡷᄌߔࠆⷙࠍᣉⴕߔࠆޕߘߩ ⚦ߪ㧝ߦ␜ߔޕ 㧝 㒐Ἣᑪ▽ᜰቯၞ ⊒ᐕ ኻ⽎ၞ ⊒ౝኈ Ԙ ԘԘ Ԙ੨ ᐕ ԙ ԙԙ ԙ੨ ᐕ Ԛ ԚԚ Ԛ੨ ᐕ ԛ ԛԛ ԛ੨ ᐕ Ԝ ԜԜ Ԝ੨ ᐕ ԝ ԝԝ ԝ੨ ᐕ Ԟ ԞԞ Ԟ੨ ᐕ ԟ ԟԟ ԟ੨ ᐕ ᧲㧦ᧄ⍹྾ৼ㨪ᧄ⦁↸ ධ㧦ᧄ⦁㨪ർ㕽↸ 㧦ർ㕽↸㨪ᧄ⍹৻ৼ ർ㧦ᧄ⍹৻㨪྾ৼ⋡ ↰ਯౝㅢ↸એ ↰ਯౝㅢ↸એ᧲ ↰Ꮉએධ㨪ᳯᚭᯅᎹ╭ ᣣᧄᯅੑৼ⋡㨪๓↸ రᢙነደએർ 㤕↸᪉↰ਭ↸ㆻ↸ޘ ዊ⍹Ꮉㆻ↸ޘ 㘵↰↸ ḡፉᧄㇹᩉේ ᐲ⬿ㅧ⥌↸ޘ ㅢࠅ↸ਯᣇ↸ޘਇᱷޔ⬿ㅧ࠾ⵍઔઃ ㅢࠅ↸᧲ਯᣇ↸ޘޔደᩮႣ࠾ⵍઔઃ ਃࠞᐕਯౝ࠾ޔደᩮႣ࠾น⥌ ਃࠞᐕਯౝ࠾ޔႣደ⬿ㅧ࠾นᲑⵍઔᷰ ᥉⺧ਇ ⥌⠪ደᢝถޔⵣᐫࡂ⳼Ზደᩮ࠾⨃นޔਯ⠪ή↪ ᧪⑺ㄥਇᱷ⬿ㅧႣኅ࠾᭽↳ઃޔ ⬿ㅧႣደਯౝ⳼Ზደᩮ࠾᥉⺧᭽࠾น↳ᷰ ਇᱷႣኅ⬿ㅧࠅ࠾⟓ᚑ ⬿ㅧႣኅਗႣኅਯ⳼Ზደᩮ࠾ኅ ߎࠇࠄߩၞߦᜰቯߐࠇߚ㒐Ἣᑪ▽ߩฬ⒓ߣߒߡޔޟ⬿ㅧޠޔޔޔޔޟႣደ⬿ㅧޠޔޟႣኅ⬿ㅧޠޔޟ ⬿ㅧႣደޠޔޟ⬿ㅧႣኅޠޔޟደᩮႣޠ߇⸅ߩਛߦࠄࠇࠆޕ߹ߕ㨬⬿ㅧ㨭ߣߐࠇߚ㧝ਛߩԘ੨㧣 ᐕ㧔㧝㧣㧞㧞㧕㧞ߩᜰቯၞߪᣣᧄᯅߩർߢޔᳯᚭၔߩᄢᚻ㐷ߢࠆ↰ୖ㐷ߦㅢߕࠆᧄ↸ㅢࠅࠍ߽ߟⴝ ߢࠆޕห᭽ߦޟ⬿ㅧ㨭ߣߐࠇߚ㧝ਛԙ੨㧣ᐕ㧝㧞㧔㧝㧣㧞㧟㧕ߩᜰቯၞߪᳯᚭၔᄖủߦᴪߞߚౝ ↰ၞߢޔ߿ߪࠅᧄ↸ㅢࠅࠍ߽ߟⴝߢࠆޕߕࠇ߽ᳯᚭၔߦㄭߊޔ⚻ᷣߩਛᨔࠍᜂ߁↸ੱߢߞߚޕ ޟႣደ⬿ㅧޠߣᜰቯߐࠇߚၞߦԛߩᣣᧄᯅධߩ੩ᯅᢙነደᯅߦ⥋ࠆ↸ੱ߇ࠆޕߎߩၞߪᳯᚭ ߩᵹㅢ߿ᶖ⾌ࠍᜂ߁ᬺߢߞߚޕ߹ߚޟ⬿ㅧႣኅޠߩᜰቯߪԜߩ㤕↸᪉↰ਭ↸ߣԟߩḡፉᧄㇹᩉ ේޔޟ⬿ㅧႣደޠߩᜰቯߪԝߩዊ⍹Ꮉㆻ↸ޘޔޟႣኅ⬿ㅧޠߩᜰቯߪԞߩ㘵↰↸ߢޔߕࠇ߽ᱞኅߦ ࿐߹ࠇߚ↸ੱߢߞߚޕޟ⬿ㅧ㨭ߣߎࠇࠄߩᜰቯߩᏅ⇣ߪᴦ⊛⚻ᷣ⊛ߥ㈩ᘦߩ㆑ߢߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ ᰴߦޟႣደ⬿ㅧޠޔޟႣኅ⬿ㅧޠޔޟ⬿ㅧႣደޠޔޟ⬿ㅧႣኅޠߩ㆑ߦߟߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆޕԙ੨ 㧣ᐕ㧝㧞ߩ⸅ߦኻߒߡ↸ᣇ߆ࠄ↳ᦠ߇ߐࠇߡࠆޕߘߩਛߦޟᓮ⇟ᚲ࠾⠰ޔ↰↸ޘ⬿ㅧႣኅ ⵍઔઃᲑޔ↰᳁ᚲ⬿ⅶ↢ᦠ⇐࠾ਯޠߣࠅޔ㨬⬿ㅧ㨭ߣᜰቯߒߚ⸅ߦኻߒߡޟ⬿ㅧႣኅⵍઔઃ Ბޠߣᛒࠊࠇߡࠆޕ߹ߚԛ੨㧥ᐕ㧣ߩ⸅ߢߪޟႣደ⬿ㅧޠߣᜰቯߐࠇߡࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔߘߩᓟᲑ ߦޟฝ⬿ㅧⵍઔઃ႐ᚲޔ⥌⠪ࡂޔ⳼Ზደᩮ࠾ὑ⥌↳ᐲᲑޠߣࠅޔޟႣደ⬿ㅧޠߣ㨬⬿ㅧ㨭ߣ ߇หߓᗧߦ↪ࠄࠇߡࠆޕԜ੨㧝㧞ᐕ㧞ߩ⸅ߢߪޟ⬿ㅧႣኅޠߣᜰቯߒߡࠆޕߘߩᓟᲑߢޟ⨆⫘ ⮝ዊደ᧖㕟⫘ਯಽขᛄࡂߖޔ〔᥉⺧ਯࡂޔ⬿ㅧႣደ↳ઃޠߣࠅޔޟ⬿ㅧႣኅޠߣޟ⬿ㅧႣደޠ߇ ห⟵ߦᛒࠊࠇߡࠆޕએߩࠃ߁ߦ㒐Ἣᑪ▽ߩ⺆ᒵߦᷙੂ߇ࠆޕߎࠇࠄࠍᢛℂߔࠆߣޟႣደ⬿ㅧޠޔޟႣ ኅ⬿ㅧޠޔޟ⬿ㅧႣደޠޔޟ⬿ㅧႣኅޠߪหߓ߽ߩߢߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕߎࠇࠄ߆ࠄޟ⬿ㅧႣኅޠߪ ޟ⬿ㅧޠ߆ޟႣኅޠޔߤߜࠄߢ߽ㆬᛯߢ߈ࠆᦌᤒߥᜰቯߢߞߚߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆޕ࿑㧝ߪ੨ᦼߩ↸ੱߩᚲ࿑ ߦߥࠆޕޟ⬿ㅧޠޟ⬿ㅧႣኅޠ ࠃ߁ߦዷ㐿ߒߡߚޕ ࿑㧝 ↸ੱᚲ࿑ ੨㧝㧞ᐕ㧔㧝㧣㧞㧣㧕㧠ߦޟ ࠾ⵍਅ⟎ࡂࡃޔഥᚑࠍએหᚲᣂ ࠅޔޟႣኅޠߩ⒓߆ࠄޟႣደㅧࠅ 㧞 Ⴃኅㅧ ᣣ ⺆ᒵ ੨ ᐕ ੨ ᐕ ੨ ᐕ రᢥ ᐕ Ⴃደࠅ Ⴃደࠅ Ⴃደ ⅽ⫘Ⴃኅㅧࠅ రᢥ㧠ᐕ㧞㧔㧝㧣㧟㧥㧕ߩ⸅ߦ ⳼Ზ⫘╬ߦߡ⋧ᱷᚲ߽ਯޔᄢἫ ⺧᭽ޔน⋧ᔃᓧޕ⇙┧Ἣ㒰ਯ ⫘Ⴃኅޠޔరᢥ㧢ᐕ㧞㧔㧝㧣㧠㧝 ਯౝޔ⚕❰㕙⭯აਯ႐ᚲኅޔ ߩޟⅽ⫘Ⴃኅㅧࠅޠߣห᭽ߥߢ ኡ㧞ᐕ㧔㧝㧣㧠㧞㧕ߦޟ↰ ⬿᥉⺧ࠍଦߔ⸅߇ߐࠇޔߘࠇߦ ᭽࠾ޠߣߩ↸ᣇ߆ࠄߩ↳ ▵ޔ↸ᓮᄺⴕ᭽Ἣ႐ᳯᓮⵍᚑޔᚲ ⳼Ზ็⪭ਯࠍޔୃᓳ߽ਇ⥌ᝥ⟎ ߆ࠄ็⪭ਯಽߪޔ᧪྾ਛ࠾ୃ ߩ㐿ญㇱߦ㒐Ἣߩߚߩᚭ߇ߥ ࠍⅽ╬ߢ⫘߈ޔᩇ߿ო㕙ޔイⵣߥߤ એߩࠃ߁ߦ੨㧡ᐕ㧠ߦޟ 㧣ᐕࠃࠅ੨ᓟᦼ߹ߢ↸ੱࠍᜰ ᑧ੨ߦ߆ߌߡޟ⬿ㅧႣኅޠߣߪ ࿑ߢࠆޕߎࠇࠄߦ㒐Ἣᑪ▽ᜰቯၞࠍਥⷐ↸ੱߦ ߩᜰቯၞߪㅪ㓴↸߆ࠄᣣᧄᯅ੩ᯅߦߚࠆⴝ ࿑㧞 㒐Ἣᑪ▽ᜰቯ ޟ㚍႐㗿ਯ↳ᦠઃޠߣߒߡޟᧁᝊ↸ࠠਯ ᣂⷙ㚍႐┙ޔޠߣࠆޕߎߩᢥ⸒ߩਛߦ ޠߦᄌൻߒߡࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆޕห᭽ߩ߽ߩࠍ ౝኈ ᐥ⇟ᚲ⋧ᑪޔዕႣደࠅ࠾ ᴡጯరᳯᓮᒁᦧⵍਅ⟎࠾ઃႣደࠅ࠾ ੩ᯅ᧲ߩ⬿Ⴃደ⋧㗿࠾ઃુᦠ ⅽ⫘Ⴃኅㅧࠅਯ࠾ઃ↳ᦠઃ ߦߪޟᐕరᢥਃᐕᭂᑮᣣᵻ⨲࡛Ἣޔᧄᚲ Ἣ࠾ਇ⟓ᚑ〔ਯ⠪ޔᱝ▵᥉⺧ਯޔᚑ࠲ߌ ࠾㑆ޔ↸ޘᱝᣦ⋧ᔃᓧ᭽࠾ޔน↳㘼⸎ޠ 㧕ߩ⸅ߦߪޟኹ࠾ਯᣇ↸ደޔὑἫ㒰ኅ Ⴃኅⅽ⫘࠾นⵍઔઃޠߦߪޟႣኅⅽ⫘ޠߣࠅ ߢࠆޕ ⢻ࡁ⥰บ⟎⬿ᑪਯޠߣߒߡޔ↸ᣇߦ ߦኻߒߡޟደᩮࡂⅽ⫘࠾ޔイᑫࠅᩇ࠾⭯ࠢޔ ↳ᦠ߇ߐࠇߡࠆޕ߹ߚᑧ੨㧟ᐕ㧟㧔㧝㧣㧠 ᚲޘᓮⷩਯᚲޔ⬿ㅧႣደㅧᚭ೨ᚭ߽ήਯޔⅽ ⟎ޔ㘧Ἣ⒖ޔᄢἫ࠾߽⋧ᚑ㑆ޔฝਯኅ╬ ୃᓳ⥌ޔ᧪ࡂޔ༑ᄙᳯ⋧ዯน↳ޠߣࠅޔ ߆ࠄୃᓳߖࠃߣߩߢࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߦ੨ᓟᦼ ߤࠍ߿ṭ༟ߢႣߞߚޟႣኅㅧޠ߇↢ᚑߐࠇߚ߽ߩ ⬿ㅧޠޔޟႣኅޠޔޟⅽደᩮޠߩㆬᛯࠍⵙ㊂ߦ߹ ᜰቯߒߡޔޟ⬿ㅧޠޟ⬿ㅧႣኅޠ߇ᒝߐࠇߚ ߐࠇߚޟႣኅㅧޠ߇↢ᚑߒߚߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥ ߦ࿑␜ߔࠆߣ࿑㧞ߩࠃ߁ ߢޔᳯᚭၔᄖủࠍ࿐ ቯၞ ਯౝ⊖ဝႣደㅧࠅ↸ኅ ߦޟႣደㅧࠅ↸ኅޠߣ 㧞ߦ␜ߔޕ ᚲㄥᄬਯౝޔਗⅽࡂ ߌࡂਗⅽ⳼Ზ⫘Ⴃኅ⥌᥉ ޠߩ⸅ߦߪޟਗⅽ⳼Ზ ี⯪㘵ୖ↸ ࠅޔ㧞ߩరᢥ㧞ᐕ㧡 ↰ߩ⢻⥰บ⚊ߩ Ⴃ࠾⥌ߒޔႣኅߣ⋧ 㧢㧕ߩ⸅ߦޟᱝ㑆Ἣਯ ⫘⳼߆ࠄ⫘╬߽ޔⅽ៊ޔ ਯࡂޔᚭⅽ៊⳼ ౝኈߪޟ⬿ㅧႣደㅧޠ ᦼ߆ࠄᑧ੨ߦ߆ߌߡደᩮ ߩߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ ߹߆ߔߣߩ⸅߇ࠅޔ੨ ߚޕߘߒߡ੨ᓟᦼ߆ࠄ ߥߞߚޕ