中国における先史集落及び初期都市研究のあゆみ : 考古地理学の角度から
全文
(2) 1 02006pp.1 1 914 2 2
(3) 1 0 006. ISSN 18 8049 0X.
(4) . . A Review of Studies on Prehistoric Settlements and Early Cities in China. Miaofa WANG Abstract This paper reviews the studies on prehistoric settlements and early cities in China. In spite of a long history of studies of Chinese history, studies on prehistoric settlements and early cities started as late as early 20th century when modern archaeology was introduced from the West. The first part of this paper reviews the studies on prehistoric settlements, pointing out that the studies mostly focus on the formation of settlements, and then on the archaeological culture of settlements. The second part of this paper reviews the studies of early cities, pointing out that the study interests include the origin and development of cities, the definition of city, the relations between walls and early cities, and the application of research methods of geography. This paper also introduces the author' s own views on these two study topics..
(5) . !"#$.
(6)
(7) . !.
(8)
(9) . !"#$%.
(10)
(11) . !".
(12)
(13)
(14) . − 119 −.
(15)
(16) .
(17)
(18) .
(19) . .
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23) !"#
(24)
(25) . !.
(26) . !.
(27) . !".
(28)
(29) . !"#.
(30)
(31) . !. !".
(32)
(33) ,,,
(34) . !"#$.
(35) !"#$
(36) . !"#$.
(37) . .
(38)
(39)
(40) . !".
(41)
(42)
(43)
(44) . .
(45)
(46) . !
(47).
(48)
(49) . !. .
(50)
(51) . !. 20
(52) " !# 1
(53) 13 1996 2
(54)
(55) , 1 9639 3
(56) 198810. − 120 −.
(57)
(58) 1 02 006.
(59)
(60) . !"#$%.
(61) . !"#$.
(62) . !"#.
(63)
(64). !". .
(65) 195 0 .
(66)
(67)
(68) . !". .
(69)
(70) K.C.Chang
(71)
(72) . !"#$%.
(73) !"#.
(74) ! .
(75)
(76) . !".
(77)
(78)
(79) . .
(80)
(81)
(82) . !"#$. !"#$%&'(.
(83)
(84) . !"# !".
(85) 1 98 5 .
(86) . .
(87)
(88)
(89) . !"#
(90) $.
(91) . !. 42 5
(92) 1 . 07 1983 6
(93) 6 19889 7
(94) 341989. − 121 −.
(95)
(96) .
(97) . !.
(98) J Andersson.Johan.Gunnar1 9 21
(99)
(100) . !". . 19 23
(101) 1 92 4
(102) 19 26
(103) . !"#.
(104) 19 27
(105) Sven Andes,Hedin
(106) . ! "#$.
(107) 1 927
(108)
(109) 1 928
(110) 19 3 7
(111) 15 1 929
(112) 1
(113) 1930
(114) !"
(115)
(116) 1933
(117) . !". 19331936
(118) 19341935
(119) . !.
(120)
(121)
(122) 1 9 37
(123) 19211 9 3 7
(124)
(125) . !"#".
(126)
(127)
(128)
(129) . − 122 −. !" !".
(130)
(131) 1 02 006.
(132) . !".
(133)
(134)
(135) . !"#. 19 4 11 9 4 2
(136)
(137) 1 9 4 41 945
(138)
(139) . !.
(140) . !.
(141) 1 949
(142)
(143)
(144)
(145)
(146)
(147) . !. !"#. !".
(148)
(149)
(150) . !.
(151)
(152)
(153)
(154) . !"#.
(155)
(156) . !".
(157)
(158) . !"#$ . 9 0
(159)
(160)
(161)
(162) . !"#. !"#$%.
(163) . . .
(164) 9 0
(165) 8 0
(166)
(167)
(168) . !"# !"#$%&'.
(169) . !"#.
(170)
(171) . . !"#$.
(172)
(173) . !".
(174) . − 123 −. !. !"#$ %.
(175)
(176) .
(177) .
(178) !"#$.
(179)
(180) . !"#$. !.
(181) .
(182) 1 950
(183)
(184) . .
(185)
(186)
(187)
(188)
(189) . . !"#$%.
(190)
(191) . !"#. . 2 0
(192) 1 9204 0
(193) . 5 3
(194) 4
(195) 1 950
(196)
(197)
(198)
(199)
(200) . !. 1 9508 0
(201) 8
(202) 19954
(203) . ! 19954.
(204) 19975
(205) 19953
(206)
(207) . 19934
(208) 1990726
(209) 19974
(210) . ! "# 1995. 3
(211) 19884 9
(212)
(213) 19458 10
(214) 1948 11
(215) 19001949 19917. − 124 −.
(216)
(217) 1 02 006.
(218) . !"#$.
(219)
(220) .
(221)
(222) . !"#$.
(223)
(224) . !".
(225)
(226) . . !"#$%.
(227)
(228) . !"#$%. . 80
(229) . !.
(230) 8 0
(231)
(232) !" #$% .
(233)
(234)
(235)
(236)
(237) .
(238)
(239)
(240)
(241)
(242) . ! !".
(243) . !.
(244) 9 8
(245)
(246) . !.
(247) .
(248)
(249) 12
(250) 1963 13
(251) 19801 14
(252)
(253) 199511 15
(254) . − 125 −. !"#$ 19811.
(255)
(256) .
(257) . !"#. .
(258) . !"#$. .
(259)
(260) .
(261)
(262)
(263) . !.
(264) . !.
(265) . !"#$. .
(266)
(267)
(268)
(269)
(270) . ! .
(271)
(272) .
(273) .
(274)
(275) .
(276)
(277) . !"#$.
(278)
(279)
(280) . !. !"#$%.
(281) . !".
(282)
(283)
(284)
(285) . !" #. .
(286)
(287) 19959 16
(288) 17
(289) . !"1983. 18
(290) . !""#$%. 198712 19
(291) . !" #$. %&'( )*+. 19941 20
(292) 2 1994 21
(293) 953 22
(294) 8 23
(295) 1981. − 126 −. !"#$1994.
(296)
(297) 1 02 006 .
(298)
(299)
(300) . !.
(301) .
(302)
(303)
(304) . . .
(305) . !"#$.
(306)
(307) . !"#$%!&. . .
(308)
(309)
(310) . !" !"#.
(311) 73
(312) .
(313) 1
(314)
(315) .
(316)
(317) .
(318) !"#$. 1 9 27
(319)
(320)
(321) 1
(322)
(323) .
(324)
(325)
(326) . !.
(327)
(328)
(329)
(330) . !". !"#$%. 19824 24
(331) 25
(332) 19833 26
(333) 19943 27
(334)
(335) 28
(336) . !19937 !"#$%&.
(337) 198612 29
(338) ! 10 19873 30
(339) !"# 199211. − 127 −.
(340)
(341) .
(342) . !.
(343)
(344) . .
(345)
(346)
(347) 1 94142
(348) .
(349)
(350) 196 0
(351) I
(352)
(353) 9 0
(354)
(355)
(356) . !". !199092.
(357) ..
(358) . !". . .
(359) 21
(360) 3
(361) 81 1
(362)
(363) 3
(364)
(365) . !
(366) ".
(367)
(368) . !"#$%&.
(369) . !"#$%&'. .
(370)
(371)
(372)
(373) 19 96
(374) .
(375) . !.
(376) . !. .
(377)
(378) 90
(379) . !.
(380)
(381) . 31
(382) . !"#$. ! 16 1987. 32
(383) 20 1990 33
(384) 1995 34
(385) 69 1997 35
(386) 650. − 128 −.
(387)
(388) 1 02 006 .
(389)
(390) 1, 2,
(391) 1, 2,
(392)
(393)
(394) . !"#.
(395)
(396) . !.
(397)
(398) . !"#.
(399) . !"#.
(400)
(401)
(402) .
(403) 2
(404)
(405)
(406) . !"#. !"#$.
(407)
(408) . !". !.
(409)
(410) . !. !"#$.
(411)
(412)
(413) 3. .
(414)
(415) . !".
(416)
(417)
(418) .
(419) . !"#$$%&7. 19 97
(420) 69199 7
(421) . !"199 7 . .
(422) 9 0
(423) . 36
(424) 128 1 9912 37
(425) 4 1994 38
(426) . !"#$ %&'()#$*. 1995 39
(427) 6112 1997. − 129 −.
(428)
(429) .
(430) . !"#.
(431)
(432) . !"#$%.
(433)
(434) . !"#.
(435) . !"#. .
(436)
(437)
(438) . !"#.
(439)
(440). ! .
(441)
(442) . .
(443) . .
(444) . !". .
(445)
(446) .
(447)
(448) . !"#.
(449) .
(450) . .
(451) .
(452) 1
(453)
(454) . . !"# . .
(455) 40
(456) . ! 911998. 9 41
(457) 73 199812 42
(458) 152 1996 43
(459) 146 1 9995 44
(460) 70 19971 45
(461) 66 19993 46
(462) . !"#$%&'(). 1997 47
(463) 19963 48
(464) 65 19993 49
(465) 213 19752 50
(466) 1 132 19953 51
(467) 36 19966 52
(468)
(469) 136 199611. − 130 −.
(470)
(471) 1 02 006 .
(472)
(473)
(474) . !"#$%&'(. .
(475)
(476)
(477) .
(478)
(479)
(480)
(481)
(482)
(483) . !1980.
(484) . !".
(485)
(486)
(487) . !.
(488) .
(489)
(490)
(491)
(492)
(493)
(494) . ! "#. !" #$%&.
(495) !"#$
(496) . !"# $%&.
(497) . !"#.
(498)
(499) . !".
(500)
(501)
(502)
(503)
(504) . !"#. !"#$. .
(505)
(506)
(507) . !"#$$.
(508)
(509) .
(510) !"#.
(511) . !. .
(512)
(513) 53
(514) 19961 1 54.
(515) . 106 19993.
(516)
(517) 508 19988 55
(518)
(519) 56
(520) 1997 57
(521) 19979. − 131 −. !" # $ 1980.
(522)
(523) .
(524) . .
(525) . !!".
(526) 5 0
(527)
(528) . !.
(529) 5 0
(530) .
(531) . .
(532)
(533)
(534)
(535)
(536) . !.
(537) . !"#.
(538) . !".
(539) . .
(540)
(541)
(542) . !". !"#$ %.
(543)
(544) . !".
(545) . !.
(546)
(547)
(548) . ! !. .
(549)
(550)
(551) .
(552)
(553) 586 59
(554) 1, 2 192612, 19 277 60
(555)
(556) 192610 61
(557) 12 19333. − 132 −.
(558)
(559) 1 02 006 . .
(560)
(561)
(562) . !"#$%.
(563)
(564) .
(565)
(566)
(567) . !"#$%.
(568) .
(569)
(570)
(571) . !". .
(572)
(573)
(574) . !"#$.
(575)
(576) . .
(577)
(578)
(579) 5 0
(580)
(581) . !". .
(582)
(583) .
(584)
(585)
(586) . 1 9497 0
(587)
(588)
(589)
(590)
(591) . !"#$. 62
(592) 64 19334 63
(593) 15 193411 64
(594) 26 19355 65
(595) 1974 66
(596) 16 194211 67
(597) !"#19801 68
(598)
(599) 19458 69
(600) 59 19375 70
(601) 511 19376. − 133 −.
(602)
(603) .
(604)
(605) . !.
(606)
(607)
(608) .
(609)
(610) . !"#$%&.
(611)
(612) 8 0
(613) . !"#.
(614) . !"#.
(615) .
(616)
(617)
(618)
(619)
(620)
(621)
(622) . !"#$. !"#$ .
(623) . !.
(624) .
(625)
(626)
(627) . !.
(628) .
(629) . !. . .
(630)
(631)
(632) . !".
(633)
(634) 80
(635)
(636)
(637)
(638)
(639) . !" !"#.
(640) 71
(641) 1999 P.221 72
(642) 19831 73
(643) 1983 74
(644) 19872. − 134 −.
(645)
(646) 1 02 006. 1 985
(647) K.C.Chang
(648) .
(649)
(650)
(651) . !"#$. VGordon.Childe1 9 5 0
(652) 10
(653) city
(654)
(655) . ! ". !"#$.
(656)
(657) . !.
(658) 1 2 3
(659) 4 5
(660)
(661)
(662)
(663)
(664) . .
(665)
(666) .
(667)
(668) . !. !. !"#$%&'.
(669)
(670) . !"# $.
(671)
(672) . !"
(673).
(674)
(675) . !".
(676) city
(677)
(678)
(679) 1 98 4
(680) . !"#. .
(681)
(682) . !" !".
(683) . !".
(684) . !"#.
(685)
(686) .
(687) .
(688)
(689) 75 . .Chang
(690) 19852 76
(691) 19844. − 135 −.
(692)
(693) .
(694)
(695)
(696) . !.
(697)
(698) .
(699)
(700)
(701)
(702) . !. !.
(703) . !"#$.
(704) . ! "#$.
(705) . !.
(706) .
(707) . !"#$%&.
(708) . .
(709)
(710) . !" #$.
(711) 1
(712)
(713) .
(714) !"#$. .
(715)
(716)
(717)
(718) . !".
(719)
(720)
(721)
(722)
(723) . 1993
(724)
(725)
(726)
(727) . 77
(728) 19865 78
(729) 19862 79
(730)
(731) 19884 80
(732) 19884 81
(733) 199312. − 136 −.
(734)
(735) 1 02 006.
(736) . !.
(737) . !"#$.
(738) . !
(739) "#.
(740) . ! ". . 1 996
(741) . !. . 568 0
(742)
(743)
(744) . ! "#$.
(745)
(746)
(747) . . !"#$.
(748) . !".
(749)
(750) . !"#.
(751) 1 9 85
(752)
(753) . !" .
(754) . !"#. . 20
(755) . !.
(756)
(757)
(758) .
(759) . !"#$.
(760)
(761)
(762)
(763) . !".
(764) .
(765)
(766)
(767) . . !.
(768)
(769) 82
(770) 198711 83
(771) 19963 84
(772) 341989 85
(773) 102 1925. − 137 −.
(774)
(775) .
(776)
(777)
(778)
(779) . . !" #.
(780)
(781) .
(782)
(783) . !"#$%.
(784)
(785) . .
(786) . !.
(787) . .
(788)
(789)
(790)
(791)
(792) . !". .
(793)
(794) 1 970
(795)
(796)
(797)
(798)
(799) . !. !"#$"%.
(800) . !"#$.
(801) . !"#$.
(802) . !".
(803) .
(804)
(805)
(806)
(807) !"
(808)
(809) . !". .
(810) . 86
(811) 323 19339 87
(812) . !"#$ 284 1970. 3 .
(813) 2923 19 7012 88
(814) 1412 196612 89
(815) 1977 90
(816) 442 19979. − 138 −.
(817)
(818) 1 02 006. 6
(819) .
(820) 3
(821)
(822)
(823) . !"#$%& !"#$%&'. .
(824) 1 00 010 1 1
(825) 5
(826) . !"#. .
(827)
(828)
(829) . !"#.
(830)
(831) . !"
(832).
(833) . !.
(834)
(835)
(836) . !"#. !"#$.
(837)
(838) . !"#. .
(839)
(840)
(841) . ! "#$%.
(842)
(843)
(844)
(845) .
(846)
(847) !
(848)
(849) . !". . !".
(850) .
(851) 91
(852) 7 1997 92
(853) !"#1997 93
(854) . !" #$%&'() 139 1998. 9 94.
(855) 3 1 198611 95
(856) 16 19853 96
(857) 44 19929. − 139 −.
(858)
(859) .
(860)
(861)
(862) . !"#. !"#$. . .
(863)
(864)
(865) . !"#$. .
(866)
(867) . !"#$%&.
(868)
(869) 9 .
(870) .
(871)
(872)
(873)
(874) . !"#. .
(875)
(876)
(877)
関連したドキュメント
An easy-to-use procedure is presented for improving the ε-constraint method for computing the efficient frontier of the portfolio selection problem endowed with additional cardinality
The inclusion of the cell shedding mechanism leads to modification of the boundary conditions employed in the model of Ward and King (199910) and it will be
(Construction of the strand of in- variants through enlargements (modifications ) of an idealistic filtration, and without using restriction to a hypersurface of maximal contact.) At
The torsion free generalized connection is determined and its coefficients are obtained under condition that the metric structure is parallel or recurrent.. The Einstein-Yang
It is suggested by our method that most of the quadratic algebras for all St¨ ackel equivalence classes of 3D second order quantum superintegrable systems on conformally flat
This paper develops a recursion formula for the conditional moments of the area under the absolute value of Brownian bridge given the local time at 0.. The method of power series
Answering a question of de la Harpe and Bridson in the Kourovka Notebook, we build the explicit embeddings of the additive group of rational numbers Q in a finitely generated group
Then it follows immediately from a suitable version of “Hensel’s Lemma” [cf., e.g., the argument of [4], Lemma 2.1] that S may be obtained, as the notation suggests, as the m A