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(2) ‽ഛጤဨ⏬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮. ࣮ࢺࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ Ɇᬑ㐢ࡢ࡞ࡢಶᛶࡀࡘࡃࡾ㸪ᴦࡋࡴɆ ⏬⪅㸸⟄ள†㸦Ṋⶶ㔝⨾⾡Ꮫ㸧 ᪥ᮏࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫ➨ 28 ᅇ‽ഛጤဨ ྖ⪅㸸ⲨᕝṌ㸦Ṋⶶ㔝⨾⾡Ꮫ㸧 ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸ᶓᆅ᪩Ꮚ㸦ᮾிᮍ᮶Ꮫ㸧 ᒣᮏᑦᶞ㸦Ṋⶶ㔝⨾⾡Ꮫ㸪❧ᩍᏛ㸧 ᐑୗ㐩ဢ㸦᪥ᮏᏛ㸧 ⟄ள†㸦Ṋⶶ㔝⨾⾡Ꮫ㸧 ᣦᐃウㄽ⪅㸸Ώ㑔ⰾஅ㸦ᖏᗈ␆⏘Ꮫ㸧 㛗㇂ᕝᩔኈ㸦Ṋⶶ㔝⨾⾡Ꮫ㸧 㸯㸬⏬᪨. ᛶㄽⓗ࡞どⅬ࡛ࡣ㸪ከᵝ࡞ಶᛶࢆ᭷㝈ࡢ≉ᛶࡢ⤌ࡳྜ. ࣮ࢺࡣࠊ⏕ࡸୡ⏺ࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ౯್ࡢ㏣ཬ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡋ. ࢃࡏࡼࡗ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋ≉సᐙࢆ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅ. ࡋྠࡑࡢ⾲⌧ࡣࠊ ࠕㄡࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾲⌧࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ. ࡿࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸࡋ᳨࡚ウࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠕ㛤. ⮬ศ࡞ࡾࡢ⾲⌧ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞┠ⓗ(⏕. ᨺᛶ㸦openness to experience㸧 ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ㸦e.g., Kaufman,. ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿୡ⏺㐺ᛂࡍࡿ)ಶูⓗ࡞┠ⓗ(ࡑࡢಶே࡞. Quilty, Grazioplene, Hirsh, Gray, Peterson, and. ࡾࡢ᪉ἲ࡛)ࡢ㐩ᡂ⪃࠼ࡿࠊࡇࢀࡣࡲࡉࣃ࣮ࢯࢼ. DeYoung, 2015)ࠋࡇࢀࡣዲወᚰࢆࡣࡌࡵࡋࡓ⮬ࡽࡢ. ࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢࢸ࣮࣐┤⤖ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡼ. እഃࡢୡ⏺ࡢከ᪉㠃ⓗ࡞㛵ᚰࢆ≉ᚩࡍࡿ≉ᛶ࡛࠶. ࠺ࠋ࣮ࢺࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ᥋ྜࢆ⪃࠼ࡿሙ. ࡿࡀ㸪㐀ᛶ◊✲࠾࠸࡚ࡇࢀࡲ࡛㔜どࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠕᣑ. ྜࠊྛⅬ࠾ࡅࡿ㐀࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸࡢ≧. ᩓⓗᛮ⪃ࠖ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࡽ࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࡛. ἣࡢᢕᥱࡶࠊఫࡴୡ⏺ࡢ୰࡛ࡢࡑࡢ⇍㐩ὀ┠. ࡁࡿࠋ☜సᐙࡣከᵝ࡞ࢹࢆ⏕ࡳࡔࡍࡓ. ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ⏬࡛ࡣ⨾ฟ㌟࡛ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㌿ࡌ. ࡵ⮬ࡽࡢእഃ࠶ࡿ≀࣭㇟ᑐࡋ࡚⮬㌟ࢆ㛤ᨺ. ࡓ 2 ྡࢆྵࡴ㸲ྡࡢヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢⓎ⾲ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊࣃ࣮. ࡋ㸪ከᵝ࡞どⅬࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪୍᪉࡛ࡦ. ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫ⪅࡛࠶ࡿΏ㑔ⰾஅඛ⏕ࠊṊⶶ㔝⨾. ࡘࡢ≀࣭㇟ᑐࡋ࡚῝ࡃ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠕ᮰ⓗ. ⾡Ꮫ㐀ᙧᵓᏛ㒊ᩍᤵ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᰴᘧ♫ࢥࣥࢭࣥࢺ. ᛮ⪃ࠖࡶᚲせࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ᮰ⓗᛮ⪃㛵㐃ࡍࡿࣃ. ࡢ♫㛗࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㛗㇂ᕝᩔኈඛ⏕ᣦᐃウㄽ⪅ࡋ࡚㆟. ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ≉ᛶࡣࠕෆྥᛶ㸦introversion)࡛ࠖ࠶ࢁ. ㄽཧຍࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊ࣮ࢺࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ. ࠺ࠋ. ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿࡶࠊ࣮ࢺࡢᚰ⌮. ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏሗ࿌࡛ࡣ≉㛤ᨺᛶ௨እෆྥᛶࡶ↔Ⅼ. Ꮫⓗ᥈ồࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆᶍ⣴ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ. ࢆ࠶࡚㸪ᐇ㝿⨾⾡ไసࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⩌ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ ⩌ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪సᐙ≉᭷ࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ. 㸰㸬ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢせ᪨. ࢆ≉ᛶㄽⓗ࡞どⅬࡽ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ. 㸰㸯సᐙࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ㸸≉ᛶㄽⓗどⅬࡽ. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩. ᐑୗ㐩ဢ㸦᪥ᮏᏛ㸧. Costa, P., & McCrae, R. (1992). NEO-PI-R: Revised. ⟄ள†㸦Ṋⶶ㔝⨾⾡Ꮫ㸧. NEO Personality Inventory (NEOPI-R). Odessa, Fl.: Psychological Assessment Resources.. సάືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿసᐙࡢࠕಶᛶࠖࡣྛಶே≉. Kaufman, S. B., Quilty, L. C., Grazioplene, R. G.,. ᭷ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࣅࢵࢢ. Hirsh, J. B., Gray, J. R., Peterson, J. B., &. ࣇࣈ㸦Costa & MaCrae, 1992㸧ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿ≉. DeYoung, C. G. (2015). Openness to experience. 䇷㻌㻟㻠㻌䇷.
(3) ‽ഛጤဨ⏬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮. and intellect differentially predict creative. art-making: An analysis of artist̓s modification. achievements in the arts and sciences. Journal of. of. conditions. in. the. art. making. process.. Proceedings of the 41th Annual meeting of the. Personality, 82, 248-258.. Cognitive Science Society. ࢣࢺ࣮ࣞ㸦Quetelet, 1835 / 1968㸧 㸪ᖹ㈆⸝࣭ᒣᮧႛ㸦ヂ㸧. 㸰㸰ⱁ⾡ᐙᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸸㐣ཤ㸪⌧ᅾ㸪ᮍ᮶. 㸦1948㸧 㸬ே㛫ᑵ࠸࡚ ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ. ᶓᆅ᪩Ꮚ㸦ᮾிᮍ᮶Ꮫ㸧 ⱁ⾡ᐙࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ㛗࠸Ṕྐࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㏆௦ ⤫ィᏛࡢ♽ Quetelet㸦1835㸧ࡀ㸪ᡙస⪅ࡢ⏕ᾭࡢసရ. 㸰㸱ಶᛶⓗ࡞ᮌᕤసရࡣࡢࡼ࠺ࡘࡃࡽࢀࡿࡢ 㸸㐠ືⓎ㐩◊✲ࡢどⅬࡽ ᒣᮏᑦᶞ㸦Ṋⶶ㔝⨾⾡Ꮫ㸪❧ᩍᏛ㸧. ᩘ㸦⏕⏘ᛶ㸧ࡢኚࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࡢࡀࡑࡢጞࡲࡾ࠸ࢃ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪Cattell & Drevdahl㸦1955㸧࡞ ࡀⱁ⾡ᐙࢆྵࡴ㐀ⓗ࡞ಶேࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸࡢゎ᫂. ஙඣ㐠ືⓎ㐩◊✲ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣ㸪ಶࠎࡢஙඣぢࡽࢀ ࡿ㐠ືࡢࠕಶᛶࠖࡀ㐠ືࢫ࢟ࣝ⋓ᚓࡢ㝿Ỵᐃⓗ㔜. ࢆࡍࡍࡵ㸪ึᮇࡢ㐀ᛶ◊✲ࢆࡅࢇᘬࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪㐀ᛶࡢ◊✲ࡣࡲ 4Ps㸦Person,. せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇࡀ 1990 ᖺྎᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ. Process, Press, and Product㸧ࢆᑐ㇟㐍ࡵࡽࢀ㸪㐀. 㸦Thelen, & Smith, 1994㸧 ࠋ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ゝࢃ. ⓗ࡞ே≀ࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸసࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࢆ. ࢀࡿࠕಶᛶࠖࡣ㸪Ọ⥆ⓗ࡞ኚࡢ≉ᛶ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ኚ. ゎ᫂ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡸ㸪㐀ⓗ࡞⏕⏘ᛶእⓗ⎔ቃ press ࡢ. ␗ࡢᖜࢆࡶࡕ࡞ࡀࡽⓎ㐩ࡢ࡞࡛ࡑࢀ⮬యኚࡋ࡚࠸. 㛵ಀ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓ◊✲࡞㸪4Ps ࢆಶูࡲࡓࡣ⤌ࡳ. ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᒣᮏ㸦2016㸧ࡣࡇࡢ⪃࠼ࡀᡂே. ྜࢃࡏ࡚◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࡣⱁ⾡ᐙࡽࢆᑐ㇟. ࡢ㐠ືࡢᚤどⓗⓎ⏕ࡶጇᙜࡍࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ࠺࠼. ࡋࡓ㐀ᛶ◊✲ࡣከࡃ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᚰ⌮ᏛࡢṔྐࡢὶࢀ. ࡛㸪Ⓨ㐩ࡢࠕಶᛶࠖࢆෆⓗせᅉࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪㌟యࢆྲྀ. ࢆࡾ㏉ࡿ㸪ⱁ⾡ᐙࢆྵࡴ㐀ⓗಶேࡢ◊✲ࡀᵝࠎ. ࡾᅖࡴ⎔ቃࢆྵࡵ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇࢆᥦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ಶᛶࢆࡵࡄࡿୖ㏙ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆᅵྎࡋࡘࡘ㸪ᮏⓎ⾲࡛. ࡞◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ࡢཎⅬ࠶ࡿࡇẼ࡙ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ᅇࡣ㸪ⱁ⾡ᐙࡢ◊✲ࡀᚰ⌮Ꮫࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚ࡁࡓᜠ. ࡣᮌᕤసᐙࡢไసࣉࣟࢭࢫࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋලయⓗ. ᜨࢆ㸪㐣ཤ㸪⌧ᅾ㸪ᮍ᮶ศࡅ࡚ヰ㢟ᥦ౪ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ. ࡣ㸪ࢁࡃࢁᤂࡁ࠸࠺ྠࡌᮌᕤᢏἲࢆ⏝࠸࡞ࡀࡽ㸪. ≉⌧ᅾࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᶓᆅ࣭ᒸ⏣㸦2007㸪2019㸧࡞. ࡑࢀࡒࢀ␗࡞ࡿస㢼ࢆᣢࡘ」ᩘྡࡢసᐙࢆᑐ㇟㸪స. ࡀ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧௦⨾⾡ᐙࡢ㐀ⓗ⇍㐩ࡢ◊✲ࢆ⤂ࡋ. ᐙࡢᕤᡣ࡚ไసࡢᵝᏊࢆᙳࡋࡓᫎീ㈨ᩱࢆศᯒࡍ. ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ⱁ⾡ᐙࡢࠕಶᛶࠖࡣ୍యఱ࡞ࡢ㸪ⱁ⾡ᐙ. ࡿࠋᕤᡣ࡛ᐇ㝿⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㐨ලࡢ㐪࠸ࢆྵࡵ㸪. ࡢಶᛶࡣࡢࡼ࠺Ⓨࡉࢀࡿࡢ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸦ࡶࡋྍ. ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛ಶᛶⓗ࡞సရࡀࡘࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ. ⬟࡞ࡽ㸧ಶᛶࡢၥ㢟ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡣࡢࡼ࠺㏕ࡿࡇࡀ. ࡢ㸪ぢ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ. ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⪃࠼ࢆࡵࡄࡽࡏ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ Thelen, E., & Smith, L. B. (1994). A dynamic. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ Cattell, R. B., & Drevdahl, J. E. (1955). A comparison of the personality profile (16PF) of eminent researchers with that of eminent. systems approach to the development of cognition and action. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ᒣᮏᑦᶞ㸦2016㸧 㸬ಶࡢࢲࢼ࣑ࢡࢫ 㔠Ꮚ᭩ᡣ. teachers and administrators, and the general population. British Journal of psychology, 46, 248-261. ᶓᆅ᪩Ꮚ࣭ᒸ⏣⊛㸦2007㸧 㸬⌧௦ⱁ⾡ᐙࡢ㐀ⓗ⇍㐩 ࡢ㐣⛬㸬ㄆ▱⛉Ꮫ㸪14, 437-454㸬 Yokochi, S., & Okada, T. (2019, July). The process of. 䇷㻌㻟㻡㻌䇷.
(4) ጤဨ⏬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮. ♫ၥ㢟ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ. ⏬⪅㸸᪥ᮏࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᚰ⌮Ꮫ⤒ᖖⓗ◊✲ὶጤဨ ྖ⪅㸸Ỉ㔝ྩᖹ㸦ᾏ㐨Ꮫ㸧 ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸୕⯪ᜏ⿱㸦㧗▱ᕤ⛉Ꮫ㸧 㸪ᰩ⏣Ꮨె㸦୕㔜Ꮫ㸧 㸪 ᅵ⌮⨾㸦ᮾி་⛉ṑ⛉Ꮫ㸧 ᣦᐃウㄽ⪅㸸ᮧⱥဢ㸦ᮾὒᏛ㸧 㸯㸬⏬᪨. ♫ⓗᨭ㓄ᚿྥᛶࡣ㸪♫㞟ᅋ༢ࡢ♫ᵓ㐀. 㞀ᐖ⪅ᕪูၥ㢟㸪እᅜேᑐࡍࡿၥ㢟 (ࢺࢫࣆ. ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇࢆᮃࡴ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ (Pratto, Sidanius,. ࣮ࢳࢆྵࡴ)㸪ዪᛶࡢᛶⓗຍᐖ㸪㈋ᅔ (Ꮚࡶࡢ㈋ᅔ. Stallworth, & Malle, 1994)ࠋࡇࡢ≉ᛶࡀᙉ࠸ே. ࢆྵࡴ)࡞㸪≉ᐃࡢᒓᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿேࠎࢆࡾࡲࡃ♫. ✀࣭Ẹ᪘ࡸࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ᕪูⓗែᗘ࡞ࡀᙉ࠸ࡇࡀሗ. ၥ㢟ࡀ㸪㏆ᖺᵝࠎ࡞࣓ࢹ࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺. ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (cf., Pratto et al., 1994)ࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ♫. ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ⓗᨭ㓄ᚿྥᛶࡣ㸪እᅜே୍⯡ᑐࡍࡿࠕಙ⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖ. ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡣ㸪♫ࡢᵓ㐀ⓗၥ㢟ࡢ࡛ᫎ࠶ࡿ୍. ࠸ࡗࡓࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞ែᗘࡸ㸪እᅜேᚷ㑊ែᗘ㸦㸸 ࠕ᪥. ᪉㸪♫ࡢᡂဨ㸯ே㸯ேࡢಶேᕪࡶ῝ࡃ㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢ. ᮏࡣ㸪᪥ᮏேࡔࡅࡀఫࡴࡁࡔࠖ 㸧 㸪ᅾ᪥ᮅ㩭ேᑐ. ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ≉ᐃࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸഴྥࡀᕪูࡸ೫. ࡍࡿᕪูⓗែᗘṇ┦㛵ࡍࡿ (୕⯪࣭ᶓ⏣, 2018)ࠋࡲ. ぢࡢ⏕㉳ᙳ㡪ࡋࡓࡾ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ♫ⓗ≧ἣࡉࢀ. ࡓ㏆ᖺ㸪♫ⓗᨭ㓄ᚿྥᛶࡣබṇୡ⏺ಙᛕࡣ⊂❧. ࡿ⤒㦂ࡀ㸪㏫ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸᙧᡂᙳ㡪ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ. ᕪูⓗែᗘຠᯝࢆᣢࡘࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ (୕⯪, ‽ഛ. ࡇ࡞ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ. ୰)ࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪♫ⓗᨭ㓄ᚿྥᛶࡀࠕᕪูࢆཷࡅࡿࡢࡣ. ᮏࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ♫ၥ㢟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪. ⮬ᴗ⮬ᚓࡔࠖ࠸ࡗࡓṇᙜࡢಙᛕࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪. ಶேᕪࡢどⅬࡽ㆟ㄽࢆ⾜࠺ࠋලయⓗࡣ㸪ᇶ♏◊✲. ♫㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࢆ⥔ᣢ࣭⫯ᐃࡍࡿഴྥࡑࢀ⮬యࡋ࡚ᕪ. ࡋ࡚ࠕ♫ⓗᨭ㓄ᚿྥᛶࠖࡢ▱ぢࢆ⤂ࡋ㸪ಶู㡿. ู㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ (cf. Mifune,. ᇦࡢ◊✲ࡋ࡚㸪㞀ᐖ೫ぢ࠾ࡼࡧ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢ㈋ᅔ㡿. Inamasu, Kohama, Ohtsubo, & Tago, 2019)ࠋ. ᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ◊✲ࢆ⤂ࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ᛂ⏝ⓗ◊✲ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜ. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩. ࢸ࣭ಶேᕪ◊✲ࡢどⅬࡽࡢࡼ࠺࡞▱ぢࡀᚓࡽࢀ. Mifune, N., Inamasu, K., Kohama, S., Ohtsubo, Y., &. ࡿࡢ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺ࡍࢀࡤࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞♫ⓗၥ㢟ࡣప. Tago, A. (2019). Social dominance orientation as. ῶ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ. an obstacle to intergroup apology. PLoS ONE, 14, e0211379. ୕⯪ᜏ⿱࣭ᶓ⏣ (2018). ♫ⓗᨭ㓄ᚿྥᛶእᅜ. 㸰㸬ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢせ᪨ 2.1.᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ♫ⓗᨭ㓄ᚿྥᛶᕪูⓗែᗘࡢ. ேᑐࡍࡿᨻⓗ࣭ᕪูⓗែᗘ㸸᪥ᮏேࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ ⏝࠸ࡓ┦㛵◊✲ ♫ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 34, 94-101.. 㛵㐃 ୕⯪ᜏ⿱㸦㧗▱ᕤ⛉Ꮫ㸧. Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B.. ♫ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ㯪᫂ᮇࡽ㸪೫ぢࡸᕪู࡞. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A. ࡢ㞟ᅋ㛫ⴱ⸨ၥ㢟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ⌧ᅾඃໃ࡞ࡢࡣ. personality variable predicting social and political. ♫ⓗࢹࣥࢸࢸ⌮ㄽᇶ࡙ࡃ◊✲࡞㸪≧ἣ. attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social. せᅉὀ┠ࡍࡿ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ಶேᕪ≉ᛶࡋ࡚ὀ┠. Psychology, 67, 741-763.. ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࡦࡘࡀ♫ⓗᨭ㓄ᚿྥᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. 䇷㻌㻟㻢㻌䇷.
(5) ጤဨ⏬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮. 2.3. Ꮚࡶࡢ㈋ᅔ⮬ᕫ⫯ᐃឤࡢ㛵㐃. 2.2. 㞀ᐖࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸࢆዴఱᤊ࠼ࡿࡁ. ᅵ⌮⨾㸦ᮾி་⛉ṑ⛉Ꮫ㸧. ᰩ⏣Ꮨె㸦୕㔜Ꮫ㸧 ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸࡀ㸪࠶ࡿேࡢᵝࠎ࡞ලయⓗ⾜ືඹ. ᪥ᮏࡢᏊࡶࡢ 7 ே 1 ேࡀ㈋ᅔ࡛࠶ࡾ (2015 ᖺ್)㸪. ㏻ࡋ࡚ぢฟࡉࢀࡿᏳᐃࡋࡓᚰ⌮ⓗഴྥࡢࡇࢆᣦࡍ. OECD ຍ┕ᅜࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡿ (OECD, 2017)ࠋ. ࡍࢀࡤ㸪㞀ᐖࡉࢀࡿ≉ᛶዴఱ␗࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ. Ꮚࡶࡢ㈋ᅔࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᗣ᱁ᕪࡸᏛຊ᱁ᕪࡘ࡞ࡀ. 㞀ᐖࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜྵࡲࢀࡿࠕ▱ⓗ㞀ᐖࠖ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ. ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (e.g., Nikulina et al., 2011)ࠋᏊ. ▱⬟ࡢపࡉ㸪 ࠕ⮬㛢ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛ (⮬㛢ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣛ. ࡶࡢ㈋ᅔࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ㍍ῶࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪බⓗᡭᙜࡔ. ࣒)ࠖ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࡔࢃࡾࡸᖖྠ⾜ື㸪♫ⓗ┦స. ࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪Ꮚࡶ㣗ᇽ㸪Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡢᮅ㣗ᥦ౪㸪↓ᩱࡢ. ⏝࠸ࡗࡓ≉ᚩࡀᐃ⩏ࡢせ௳࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ (ࡓࡔࡋ㸪. Ꮫ⩦ሿ࡞ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ⮬య࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪. ࡑࢀࡢࡳ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸)ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ༢⊂ࡢ≉ᛶࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ. ࡑࢀࡽࡢᨭࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠕ㈋ᅔࠖ࠸࠺ࣞࢵࢸ. ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ㝈ࡾ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸࡶ. ࣝࢆ㈞ࡽࢀ㸪ᕪูࡸ೫ぢࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿᠱ. ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪 ࠕ㞀ᐖࡣಶᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞㸪. ᛕࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. 㞀ᐖࡢ౯್㌿ࢆヨࡳࡿゝㄽ࡞ࡶ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ㞀. ⮬యࡼࡿ㈋ᅔᑐ⟇ຍ࠼㸪2014 ᖺไᐃࡉࢀࡓ. ᐖಶᛶㄽࡣ㸪㞀ᐖࢆࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸࡢ୍㒊⤌ࡳ㎸ࡶ. ࠕᏊࡶࡢ㈋ᅔᑐ⟇㛵ࡍ⥘ࠖࡼࡗ࡚㸪Ꮚࡶࡢ. ࠺ࡋࡓㄽࡶ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ. ㈋ᅔࡢᐇែ➼ࢆᢕᥱ࣭ศᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ࡀ᥎㐍. ࡇࢀࡽࡢゝㄽࡀ (ᙜ)ὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵࡓࡇ⾲ࢀ࡚࠸. ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏊࡶࡢ㈋ᅔ㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲ࡼࡗ࡚㸪. ࡿࡼ࠺㸪ࡲࡓࠕࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ㞀ᐖࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀ. ㈋ᅔ≧ἣ࠶ࡿᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢᐙᗞ≧ἣ (࠼ࡤ㸪ぶࡢ. Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡼ࠺㸪୍⯡ࡣ㸪㞀ᐖࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸࡣ. ⢭⚄ⓗᗣ≧ἣ㸪ぶᏊࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࡞)ࡸᐙᗞ௨እࡢ⎔ቃ. ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪. (࠼ࡤ㸪ே㛵ಀ㸪ࢧ࣮ࢻࣉࣞࢫ࡞)ࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞. ASD ࡸ ADHD ࠸ࡗࡓᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞㞀ᐖ⪅ᐃᆺⓎ㐩⪅. ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᮏヰ㢟ᥦ౪࡛ࡣ㸪ᮾி㒔㊊❧༊࡛ᐇࡉࢀ. ࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (. ࡓࠕ㊊❧༊Ꮚࡶࡢᗣ࣭⏕άᐇែㄪᰝࠖࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ. ࠼ࡤ Schriber, Robins, & Solomo, 2014)ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞. ⏝࠸࡚㸪Ꮚࡶࡢ㈋ᅔࡽప࠸⮬ᕫ⫯ᐃឤ⮳ࡿࡲ࡛. 㞀ᐖࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸࢆูࡢࡶࡢࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿሙྜ. ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡘ࠸࡚⤂ࡍࡿ (Doi et al., 2019)ࠋࡲ. ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ≉ᛶࡣࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸࡢ୍㒊࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑ. ࡓ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡽᏊࡶࡢ㈋ᅔࡼࡿᝏᙳ㡪ࢆప. ࢀࡶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸඛ❧ࡘ㸪ୖࡢᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ. ῶࡍࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡞ᨭࡘ࠸࡚ゐࢀࡿࠋ. ࡀࡳ࡚ࢀࡿࠋ 㞀ᐖࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺ᮏ㉁ⓗ࡞㸪ඃඛⓗ࡞࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ ࡋ࡚ㄆ▱ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ᕪูࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇࡀ. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ Doi, S., Fujiwara, T., Isumi, A., & Ochi, M. (2019).. ീࡉࢀࡿࠋᐇ㝿㸪 ࠕ㞀ᐖࡀ࠶ࡿࠖࡉࢀࡿேࡓࡕࡣ㸪. Pathway of the association between child poverty. 㞀ᐖࡲࡎὀ┠ࡉࢀ㸪⪅ࡽุ᩿ࡉࢀ㸪ᮏேࡢពᛮ. and. ࡀࡢḟ࡞ࡾ㸪㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆ⊃ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞. population-based study of adolescents in Japan.. low. se-f-esteem:. Results. from. a. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 937.. ࠸ࠋࡇࡢㄆ▱ࡇࡑ㸪೫ぢ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡔࡍࢀࡤ㸪 ᕪูࢆࡾ㉺࠼ࡿㄆ㆑ᯟ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚㸪㞀ᐖࣃ࣮ࢯࢼ. Nikulina, V., Widom, C. S., & Czaja, S. (2011). The. ࣜࢸࢆ࠸ᩚ⌮ࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᮏࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࢘. role of childhood neglect and childhood poverty in. ࣒࡛㆟ㄽࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ. predicting mental health, academic achievement and crime in adulthood. American journal of. community psychology, 48(3-4), 309-321.. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ Schriber, R. A., Robins, R. W., & Solomo, M., (2014). Personality and self-insight in individuals with. OECD. (2017).. Publishing.. Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Personality. and Social Psychology, 106, 112–130.. 䇷㻌㻟㻣㻌䇷. Child. poverty.. Paris:. OECD.
(6) ဨ⏬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䠍. ඛᘏࡤࡋࡣఱ ʊ≉ᛶ㐺ᛂᛶࡽ⪃࠼࡞࠾ࡍʊ ⏬⪅㸸ᑠ 㥴㸦Ᏹ㒔ᐑඹᏛࢩࢸࣛࣇᏛ㒊㸧 ྖ⪅㸸ᑠ 㥴 ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸ᯘ ₶୍㑻㸦ᡂ㋣Ꮫ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊࣭Ꮫ⏕┦ㄯᐊ㸧 㸪㯮ఫ ᕊ㸦⟃ἼᏛᏛ㝔ே 㛫⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉㸧 㸪ྜྷ⏣ ᜨ⌮㸦ぢᒣࢡࣜࢽࢵࢡ࣭⪷ᚰዪᏊᏛ㸧 ᣦᐃウㄽ⪅㸸ᑠ 㥴 㸯㸬⏬᪨. 䛺䜛䛾䛛䠅䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛸䛭䛾๓ᚋ䛾. 㻌 ඛᘏ䜀䛧 SURFUDVWLQDWLRQ
(7) 䛿䠈ゝⴥ䛾㏻䜚䛂ඛ䛻ᘏ䜀. ㄆ▱䛸䛾㛵㐃ᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾䝥䝻䝉䝇䝰䝕䝹䜢ᵓ⠏䛧䠈㉁. 䛩䛃⾜ືⓗ⌧㇟䛷䛒䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䠈⌧㇟䛭䛾䜒䛾䜘䜚䛿ಶே. ၥ⣬ᑻᗘ䜢⏝䛔䛶ホ౯䠈᳨ド䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛 䠖ᯘ. ≉ᛶ䛸䛧䛶᳨ウ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜ከ䛛䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䛿䠈⒪䜢.
(8) 䚹. 䛺┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛶䛝䛯◊✲ᙜึ䛾ᩥ⬦䛻⏤᮶䛩䜛䚹䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈. ᚓ䜙䜜䛯▱ぢ䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈䛘䜀䠈
(9) ⩏⪅䛜ඛᘏ. 䛔䛴䜒ඛᘏ䜀䛧䜢䛧䛶Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼䜔⢭⚄ⓗᗣ䛻ᝏᙳ㡪. 䜀䛧䜢䛧䛶䛧䜎䛖ሙྜ䛾ᛮ⪃䝥䝻䝉䝇䠄䛚䜘䜃䠈䛧䛺䛔䛷. 䜢䛘䜛ಶே䜢䝇䜽䝸䞊䝙䞁䜾䛩䜛ᡭẁ䛸䛧䛶䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧. ῭䜐ሙྜ䛾ᛮ⪃䝥䝻䝉䝇䠅䜔䠈
(10) ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾ᣢ䛴㐺. 䜢䛧䜔䛩䛔ᛶ᱁䛜 ᐃ䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯䚹. ᛂⓗᙳ㡪䛿䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛭䜜⮬య䛾㢖ᗘ䜘䜚䜒ඛᘏ䜀䛧ᚋ. ಶே≉ᛶ䛸䛧䛶ඛᘏ䜀䛧䜢ᤊ䛘䜛䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛿ㄪᰝ◊ ✲䛸䛾┦ᛶ䛜Ⰻ䛟䠈ከ䛟䛾ᛶ᱁≉ᛶ䛸ඛᘏ䜀䛧≉ᛶ䛸䛾. 䛾ᛮ⪃ෆᐜ䛾㐪䛔䛻䜘䛳䛶ㄝ᫂䠄ㄪᩚ䠅䛥䜜䛖䜛䛣䛸䠈➼ 䜢⤂䛩䜛䚹. 㛵㐃䛜᳨ウ䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯䛜䠈䛣䛖䛧䛯ඛᘏ䜀䛧◊✲䛾⌧≧. ᮏ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䛾㊃᪨䛸↷䜙䛧ྜ䜟䛫䜛䛸䠈
(11) ඛᘏ䜀. 䛿䠈䛔䛥䛥䛛୰㏵༙➃䛺䜒䛾䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹䛺䛬䛺䜙䠈⒪䛾. 䛧䛾ᣢ䛴ᙳ㡪ᛶ䛻䛚䛡䜛㐺ᛂᛶ⌮ゎ䛾㔜せᛶ䠄᭷⏝. 䛯䜑䛾䝇䜽䝸䞊䝙䞁䜾䛸䛧䛶≉ᛶⓗ᳨ウ䜢⾜䛖䛸䛔䛖ᙜึ. ᛶ䠅䛸䛭䛾㊊Ⅼ䠄㝈⏺䠅䠈
(12) ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾ಶேᕪ䜢 ᐃ. 䛾┠ⓗ䛻❧䛶䜀䠈ㄪᰝ◊✲䛻ഴಽ䛧䛩䛞䛷䛒䜛䛸ゝ䛘䠈. 䛩䜛ᑻᗘ䜢⏝䛔䛯䝥䝻䝉䝇◊✲䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䠄᭷⏝ᛶ䠅䛸䛭. ⌧㇟⌮ゎ䛾䛯䜑䛾◊✲䜢䛩䜛䛖䛘䛷䛿䛂ඛ䛻ᘏ䜀䛩䛃⾜. 䛾㝈⏺䠈
(13) ◊✲┠ⓗ䛻ྜ䜟䛫䛯ᑻᗘ㑅ᢥ䛾ᚲせᛶ䜔. ືⓗ⌧㇟䛻ᑐ䛩䜛᳨ウ䛜ஈ䛧䛔䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䚹. 䛭䛾㝿䛾␃ពⅬ䠈䛺䛹䜢㆟ㄽ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾ᮦᩱ䛻䛺䜜䜀䛸. 䛭䛣䛷䠈ᨵ䜑䛶䛂ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛸䛿ఱ䛛䛃䛸䛔䛖ၥ䛔䛛䜙䠈⌧. ⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䚹. ㇟䜢≉ᛶⓗ䛻⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䛾Ⅼ䛸㝈⏺䛻䛴䛔䛶䝟䞊䝋䝘 䇾ඛᘏ䜀䛧୰䇿䛾㐺ᛂ䛻㛵䛩䜛᳨ウʊ㐍ᤖ≧ἣ䛾. 䝸䝔䜱◊✲䛾ᑓ㛛ᐙ䛷䛒䜛ဨ䛾ⓙᵝ䛸⪃䛘䛶䜏䛯䛔䚹. 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䛛䜙䛾ゎ㔘ʊ 㸰㸬ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢせ᪨. 㯮ఫ ᕊ䠄⟃ἼᏛᏛ㝔ே㛫⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉䠅. ㉁ၥ⣬䜢⏝䛔䛯ඛᘏ䜀䛧◊✲䛾ᐇ㻌 ʊ㐺ᛂᛶ 䛚䜘䜃ඛᘏ䜀䛧๓ᚋ䛾ㄆ▱䝥䝻䝉䝇䛻╔┠䛧䛯᳨ウʊ. ㏆ᖺ䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䜢๓䞉୰䞉ᚋ䛸䛔䛖⣔ิ䛾୰䛷ᤊ䛘䛯 ໟᣓⓗ䛺᳨ド ᑠ䠈
(14) 䛻䜘䜚䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛸ㄢ㢟㐩ᡂ. ᯘ ₶୍㑻䠄ᡂ㋣Ꮫ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊䞉Ꮫ⏕┦ㄯᐊ䠅. 䛻㛵䛩䜛㐺ᛂᛶ䠄䜔㐺ᛂᛶ䠅䛾ᩚ⌮䛜㐍䜣䛷䛔䜛䚹䛯. ᮏヰ㢟ᥦ౪䛷䛿䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾㐺ᛂᛶ䜢⌮ゎ䛩䜛䛯. 䛸䛘䜀䠈䇾ඛᘏ䜀䛧๓䇿ẁ㝵䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䜢ᘬ䛝. 䜑䛻ᐇ䛧䛶䛝䛯୍㐃䛾◊✲䜢ሗ࿌䛩䜛䚹ලయⓗ䛻䛿䠈. ㉳䛣䛩せᅉ HJ3DUN 6SHUOLQJ 6WHHO ụᮧ. ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾ಶேᕪ䜢 ᐃ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾㉁ၥ⣬ᑻᗘ䜢సᡂ. ヂ
(15) 䜔䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾ຠᯝ䜢㐺ᛂⓗ䛺䜒䛾䜈ㄪᩚ. 䛧䛯ୖ䛷 ᯘ
(16) 䠈
(17) ඛᘏ䜀䛧๓䛾ㄆ▱䠄䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᛮ. 䛩䜛せᅉ ᑠ䠈
(18) 䛺䛹䛜᳨ウ䛥䜜䠈䇾ඛᘏ䜀䛧ᚋ䇿ẁ. ⪃䝥䝻䝉䝇䛜ඛᘏ䜀䛧䜢ຓ㛗䠄䜒䛧䛟䛿ᢚไ䠅䛩䜛䛾䛛䠅䠈. 㝵䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛜ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛩㐺ᛂⓗ䛺ᖐ⤖. 䛚䜘䜃䠈
(19) ඛᘏ䜀䛧ᚋ䛾ㄆ▱䠄ඛᘏ䜀䛧ᚋ䛻䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺. HJ ᯘ ᑠ
(20) 䛺䛹䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯䚹. ᛮ⪃䝥䝻䝉䝇䛜క䛖䛣䛸䛷㐺ᛂⓗ䛺ᙳ㡪䜢ᣢ䛴䜘䛖䛻. 㻌 㻌 ୍᪉䛷䠈䇾ඛᘏ䜀䛧୰䇿ẁ㝵䛾㐺ᛂᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈. 䇷㻌㻟㻤㻌䇷.
(21) ဨ⏬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䠍. ༑ศ䛻ᩚ⌮䛥䜜䛶䛣䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧᪥ᖖ䜢㢳䜏䜛䛸䠈⥾. ᮏ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䛷䛿䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧⾜ື䜔ពḧపୗ䜢. 䜑ษ䜚䜎䛷༑ศ㛫䛜䛒䜛䛸ุ᩿䛧䛶ㄢ㢟䜢ඛᘏ䜀䛧䠈. ッ䛸䛧䛶་⒪ᶵ㛵䛻᮶ㄯ䛧䛯䜽䝷䜲䜶䞁䝖䛻ᑐ䛧䛶⾜䛳䛯. ⤖ᯝⓗ䛻㛫䜢☜ಖ䛷䛝䛺䛟䛺䜛ሙྜ䜒ከ䛟䛒䜛䚹䜎䛯䠈. ධ䛾୍䜢⤂䛩䜛䚹ඛᘏ䜀䛧䜢≉ᛶ䛸䛧䛶ᤊ䛘䜛䛣. 䛂䜔䜙䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛸ᛮ䛔䛺䛜䜙䜒䠈୍ⓗ䛻ㄢ㢟䜢. 䛸䠈≉䛻୍ḟඖⓗ䛺≉ᛶ䛸䛧䛶ᤊ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛾㝈⏺䛻䛴䛔. ඛ㏦䜚䛻䛧䛯䜚䛾䛣䛸䜢䛧䛯䜚䛩䜛䛃య㦂䛸䛧䛶䠈ከ䛟䛾ඛ. 䛶䠈◊✲䜢⮫ᗋሙ㠃䛻ά䛛䛩䛸䛔䛖ほⅬ䛛䜙ウㄽ䛧䛯. ᘏ䜀䛧య㦂䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛⫼ᬒ ᑠ 㯮ఫ䞉እ. 䛔䚹. ᒣ
(22) 䛛䜙䛿䠈⮬㌟䛾ㄢ㢟㐙⾜䛜㐺ษ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢 ⮬ぬ䛧䛶䛔䜛ᐇែ䛜♧䛥䜜䜛䚹䛣䜜䜙䛜䛔䜟䜀䇾ඛᘏ䜀䛧. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩. ୰䇿䛾㐺ᛂᛶ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛘䜛䛜䠈D
(23) ⮬㌟䛾ㄢ㢟㐙⾜䛻. &KX + & & &KRL - 1
(24) 5HWKLQNLQJ. 䛚䛡䜛㐍ᤖ≧ἣ䜢ṇ☜䛻ᢕᥱ䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䠈E
(25) 㐍ᤖ䛻ᑐ䛧. SURFUDVWLQDWLRQ3RVLWLYH HIIHFWVRI ³DFWLYH´SURFUDVWLQDWLRQ. 䛶㐺ษ䛺ᑐฎ䛸䜙䛺䛔䠈䛸䛔䛖 䛴䛾ᚰⓗ䛺ാ䛝䛻㉳ᅉ. EHKDYLRU RQ DWWLWXGHV DQG SHUIRUPDQFH The Journal of. 䛩䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䛘䜛䚹. Social Psychology 145. 䛭䛣䛷ᮏヰ㢟ᥦ౪䛷䛿䠈┠ᶆ䛾㐍ᤖ≧ἣ䜢ᢕᥱ䛩䜛. ᯘ₶୍㑻
(26) *HQHUDO 3URFUDVWLQDWLRQ 6FDOH ᪥ᮏㄒ∧. ാ䛝䛷䛒䜛䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾 0RQLWRULQJ
(27) 䛸䠈ᢕᥱ䛧䛯㐍ᤖ≧. 䛾సᡂ䛾ヨ䜏ʊʊඛᘏ䜀䛧䜢 ᐃ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻 䝟䞊䝋. ἣ䜈䛾 䇾 㐺ᛂⓗ䛺 䇿 ᑐฎ䛷䛒䜛㜵⾨ⓗሗฎ⌮. 䝘䝸䝔䜱◊✲ 15. 'HIHQVLYH LQIRUPDWLRQ SURFHVVLQJ 5XWWDQ 1RUGJUHQ. ᯘ₶୍㑻
(28) ඛᘏ䜀䛧ᚋ䛾ᛮ⪃ෆᐜ䛸ឤ䛾 㛵㐃.
(29) 䛸䛔䛖䠈 䛴䛾ᚰⓗ䛺ാ䛝䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲ሗ࿌䜢ᴫほ. 䇷ඛᘏ䜀䛧ഴྥ䛻╔┠䛧 䛶 䇷 ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲ 79. 䛩䜛䚹䛥䜙䛻䠈୧㡿ᇦ䛸ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾⌮ㄽⓗ⤫ྜ䛜ྍ⬟䛷. . 䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢♧၀䛩䜛ᐇド䝕䞊䝍䜢♧䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧୰ 䛾㐺ᛂᛶ䛸䛔䛖᪂䛯䛺どⅬ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈ⓙᵝ䛸ඹ᭷䛷䛝. ᑠ㻌 㥴
(30) 㻌 ඛᘏ䜀䛧㐣⛬䛷⮬ぬ䛥䜜䜛ㄆ▱䛚䜘䜃 ឤኚ䛾᳨ウ㻌 ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲䠈䠈 ᑠ㻌 㥴
(31) 㻌 ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾ᚰ⌮㐣⛬㻌 㧗ᶫᑦஓ䞉Ᏹ. 䜜䜀䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䚹. ⨾௦Ꮚ䞉⏿୰⨾✑䠄⦅䠅㻌 ᯇ㇏䠄┘䠅㻌 ♫䛻䛝䜚䛣䜐 ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ධ䛾᳨ウ ʊㄆ▱ᶵ⬟䛾 ᐃ. ᚰ⌮Ꮫʊʊ䝕䞊䝍䛜↷䜙䛧ฟ䛩♫⌧㇟ʊʊ㻌 SS㻌 䝃䜲䜶䞁䝇♫. 䛚䜘䜃⬟ືⓗඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾ά⏝ʊ ྜྷ⏣ ᜨ⌮䠄ぢᒣ䜽䝸䝙䝑䜽䞉⪷ᚰዪᏊᏛ䠅. 㯮ఫ㻌 ᕊ䞉እᒣ㻌 ⨾ᶞ
(32) 㻌 ඛᘏ䜀䛧ᚋ䛾ព㆑䛻ᑐ䛧. ᮏヰ㢟ᥦ౪䛷䛿䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾㐺ᛂⓗ䛺ഃ㠃䛻䛴䛔䛶. 䛶³≉ᛶ´䛜䜒䛯䜙䛩ຠᯝ䛾᳨ウʊʊ㛵ᮾ┴ෆ䛾Ꮫ. ⤂䛩䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈ᐇ㝿䛻ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛻䜘䜛㐺ᛂ䜢ッ䛘. ⏕䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛻䜘䜛䝛䜺䝔䜱䝤䛺ᙳ㡪䛾ᐇែㄪ. 䛯䜽䝷䜲䜶䞁䝖䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ධ䛻䛴䛔䛶ሗ࿌䜢⾜䛖䚹. ᰝʊʊ㻌 ⟃ἼᏛᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲ 53 䠉. ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛿ᢚ䛖䛴䜔Ᏻ➼䛾㐺ᛂⓗ䛺ഃ㠃䛸㛵㐃. 3DUN 6 : 6SHUOLQJ 5 $
(33) $FDGHPLF. 䛜 ከ 䛟 ᳨ ウ 䛥 䜜 䛶 䛔 䜛 ୍ ᪉ 䛷 䠈 ㏆ ᖺ 䛷 䛿 &KX . SURFUDVWLQDWRUV DQG WKHLU VHOIUHJXODWLRQ 3V\FKRORJ\ . &KRL
(34) 䛾 ᥦ ၐ 䛧 䛯 䛂 ⬟ ື ⓗ ඛ ᘏ 䜀 䛧 DFWLYH. . SURFUDVWLQDWLRQ
(35) 䛃䛺䛹ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾ᣢ䛴㐺ᛂⓗ䛺ഃ㠃䜢ᙉ. 5XWWDQ5/ 1RUGJUHQ/)
(36) 7KHVWUHQJWKWRIDFH. ㄪ䛧䛶䛔䜛❧ሙ䛾◊✲䜒䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䜎䛯䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧⾜. WKH IDFWV 6HOIUHJXODWLRQ GHIHQGV DJDLQVW GHIHQVLYH. ື䜢⾜䛖䠈ಶே䛾ᣢ䛴ㄆ▱ᶵ⬟ 䝯䝍ㄆ▱⬟ຊ䜔ᒎᮃ. LQIRUPDWLRQ SURFHVVLQJ Organizational Behavior and. ⓗグ᠈⬟ຊ
(37) 䛾㧗ప䛜ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾⤖ᯝ䛸䛧䛶䛾㐺ᛂᛶ䛻 ᙳ㡪䜢ཬ䜌䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜♧䛥䜜䛯 ྜྷ⏣
(38) 䚹䛴䜎䜚䠈. Human Decision Processes 137 6WHHO3
(39) 7KHSURFUDVWLQDWLRQ HTXDWLRQ 2QWDULR7KH. ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛻㛵㐃䛩䜛ㅖၥ㢟䜈䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈ඛ. &RRNH$JHQF\. ᘏ䜀䛧䜢㐺ᛂⓗ䛺≉ᛶ䛸䛧䛶୍ඖⓗ䛻ᤊ䛘䛯ୖ䛷ඛ. 䠄䝇䝔䜱䞊䝹䠈3䠊ụᮧ༓⛅䠄⩻ヂ䠅
(40) 䝠䝖䛿䛺䛬ඛ. ᘏ䜀䛧⾜ື䛾༢⣧䛺㢖ᗘ䛾పῶ䜢ಁ䛩䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈ಶ. ᘏ䜀䛧䜢䛧䛶䛧䜎䛖䛾䛛㻌 㜰ᛴ䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䝈䠅. ே䛾ᣢ䛴ㄆ▱ᶵ⬟䜔䝟䞊䝋䝘䝸䝔䜱≉ᛶ䜢ඖ䛻ධ᪉. ྜྷ⏣ᜨ⌮
(41) ⮬ᕫไᚚ⬟ຊ䛜ඛᘏ䜀䛧⾜ື䛻ཬ䜌. ἲ䜢ኚ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛾ᚲせᛶ䛜᫂䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛯䚹. 䛩ᙳ㡪 ⪷ᚰዪᏊᏛᏛ㝔ㄽ㞟 38 . 䇷㻌㻟㻥㻌䇷.
(42) ဨ⏬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䠎. ♫ၥ㢟ᣮࡴ⾜ື㑇ఏᏛ. . ⏬ 㸸 ᕝᮏဴஓ Ᏻ⸨ᑑᗣ ྖ 㸸 ᕝᮏဴஓ ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸 ᕝᮏဴஓ ᩜᓥ༓㭯 Ᏻ⸨ᑑᗣ. ᮾிᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉
(43) (᠕⩏ሿᏛᩥᏛ㒊) ᮾிᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉
(44) ᮾிᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉
(45) ᖇிᏛᩥᏛ㒊ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⛉
(46) (᠕⩏ሿᏛᩥᏛ㒊). 㸯㸬⏬᪨. ᨻᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰ࣭㛵ࡢಶேᕪࡣ㸪┦ຍⓗ㑇ఏせᅉ. ⏕ඣἲࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿ⾜ື㑇ఏᏛ◊✲ࡣ㸪▱⬟ࡸ. 㠀ඹ᭷⎔ቃຍ࠼㸪ඹ᭷⎔ቃࡶᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉ. ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ≉ᛶ࡞ࡢ✀ࠎࡢಶேᕪኚᩘᙳ㡪ࡍ. ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ .RUQDGWHWDO
(47) ࠋඣ❺ᮇ࣭㟷ᖺᮇ࠾ࡅ. ࡿ㑇ఏせᅉ⎔ቃせᅉࡢᐤࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚. ࡿᨻⓗ㛵ᚰࡢⓎ㐩㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡼࡿ㸪♫. ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚࡞࠾㸪⾜ື㑇ఏᏛⓗᡭἲࡣ♫⛉Ꮫ. 㐠ືࡸ࣎ࣛࣥࢸάືࡢཧຍ âHUHN HW DO
(48). ࠾࠸࡚ᩘከࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ㸪♫࠾ࡅࡿ᱁ᕪࡸ㈋ᅔ㸪㐨. ࡸᨻⓗሗ㛵ࢃࡿ⾜ື $UHQV :DWHUPDQQ . ᚨ࣭ᛶ㸪ᨻ⾜ື㛵ࢃࡿࢩࢸࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉ㸪♫. 0RHOOHU HW DO
(49) 㸪㣴⫱⪅ࡢᨻཧຍࡢែᗘ. ⓗែᗘ࠸ࡗࡓ㸪♫⛉Ꮫ࠾ࡅࡿ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟ᑐ. &LFRJQDQL HW DO
(50) ࡞ࡀᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇࡀᣦࡉࢀ. ࡋ▱ぢࢆᥦ౪ࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡣ⾲⌧ᆺࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ. ᠕⩏ሿࡩࡓࡈ⾜ືⓎ㐩◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ. 㛵㐃ᛶࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪. ࠺࡞⌧௦♫࠾ࡅࡿၥ㢟ࢆ㑇ఏせᅉ⎔ቃせᅉࡽ. ∗ぶࡼࡿᏊࡶࡢ㣴⫱⾜ືヰ㔞╔┠ࡋ㸪Ꮚ. ᫂ࡽࡍࡃ㸪᪂ࡓࠕᏛຊ⏕ࡁࡿຊࡢࡩࡓࡈᐙ. ࡶࡢᨻⓗ㛵ᚰࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ㑇ఏ⎔ቃࡢほⅬࡽ᳨. ᪘ㄪᰝࠖࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢㄪᰝࡣ㤳㒔ᅪࡩࡓࡈࣉࣟࢪ. ドࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓࠋ. ࢙ࢡࢺཧຍࡍࡿࡩࡓࡈࡢᏊࡶ㐩ࡑࡢ୧ぶࢆᑐ㇟. ༢ኚ㔞㑇ఏศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪∗ぶࡼࡿ㣴⫱⾜ືࡣඹ᭷. ࡋ㸪Ꮚࡶ㐩ࡢᏛຊ㸪࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮ࣥࢢࡸ㐺ᛂឤ㸪. ⎔ቃ㠀ඹ᭷⎔ቃࡼࡾಶேᕪࡀࡍ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ㸪㑇. ᨻⓗ㛵ᚰࡸ⏨ዪᖹ➼ព㆑㸪㣴⫱ᢞ㈨⾜ື࡞ࢆ ᐃ. ఏせᅉࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ∗ぶࡢヰ㔞. ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏㄪᰝࡣ㸪ᚓࡽࢀࡓࡩࡓࡈᐙ᪘ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ. ᨻⓗ㛵ᚰࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪┦ຍⓗ㑇ఏせᅉඹ᭷⎔ቃ㸪. ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪Ꮫຊࡸ♫ⓗែᗘࡢⓎ㐩ࡑࡢ࢘ࢺ࣒࢝㸪. 㠀ඹ᭷⎔ቃࡽಶேᕪࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡓࠋࢥࣞࢫ࣮࢟ศゎ. ࡑࢀࡽᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ∗ぶẕぶࡢ㣴⫱⾜ືࡘ࠸࡚㸪㑇. ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ୕ኚ㔞㑇ఏศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪∗ぶࡼࡿ㣴. ఏせᅉ⎔ቃせᅉࡢほⅬࡽࡑࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ᫂ࡽ. ⫱⾜ື࠾ࡼࡧヰ㔞㸪Ꮚࡶࡢᨻⓗ㛵ᚰࡢ㛫ࡢ. ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ⮬ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘. 㛵㐃ᛶࡣ㸪ඹ᭷⎔ቃ㠀ඹ᭷⎔ቃࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ. ࡣ㸪 ᖺᗘᮎ ᖺ ̾ ᭶
(51) ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ࣮࣋ࢫࣛ. ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪∗ぶࡼࡿ㣴⫱⾜ືࡸ∗. ࣥㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ୰ᚰ㸪ᨻⓗ㛵ᚰ㸪Ꮫຊ㸪ᛶ. ぶࡢヰࡀ㑇ఏせᅉ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ⎔ቃせᅉࡋ࡚Ꮚࡶ. ࠸࠺♫ⓗὀ┠ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ࢺࣆࢵࢡࡘ࠸࡚㸪㑇ఏせ. ࡢᨻⓗ㛵ᚰࡢⓎ㐩ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ. ᅉ⎔ቃせᅉࡢᐤࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ⤂ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ. ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲ࡀ♧၀ࡍࡿᏊࡶࡢᨻⓗ㛵. 㸰㸬ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢせ᪨. ᚰࡢⓎ㐩࠾ࡅࡿ㣴⫱⪅ࡢᙺ $UHQV :DWHUPDQQ. ∗ぶࡼࡿ㣴⫱Ꮚࡶࡢᨻⓗ㛵ᚰ. &LFRJQDQLHWDO
(52) ࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿࡶࡢ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ. ᕝᮏဴஓ ᮾிᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉
(53) ᨻᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡸ㛵ࡣ㸪Ẹ⩏♫࠾࠸࡚ 㔜せ࡞ࢺࣆࢵࢡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⾜ື㑇ఏᏛⓗ࡞ศᯒࡼࡿ㸪. せᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ $UHQV$. :DWHUPDQQ5
(54) 3ROLWLFDOHIILFDF\LQ DGROHVFHQFH'HYHORSPHQWJHQGHUGLIIHUHQFHVDQGRXWFRPH. 䇷㻌㻠㻜㻌䇷.
(55) ဨ⏬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䠎. UHODWLRQVDevelopmental Psychology 53±. ⾜ືࡢ㑇ఏⓗ࣭㐍ⓗ㉳※. &LFRJQDQL(=DQL%)RXUQLHU%*DYUD\& %RUQ0. Ᏻ⸨ᑑᗣ ᠕⩏ሿᏛᩥᏛ㒊
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(57) *HQGHUGLIIHUHQFHVLQ\RXWKV¶SROLWLFDOHQJDJHPHQW. ⾜ືࡣ㧗ᗘ♫ⓗ࡞ື≀ࡋ࡚ࡢே㛫ࡗ. DQGSDUWLFLSDWLRQ7KHUROHRISDUHQWVDQGRIDGROHVFHQWV¶VRFLDO. ࡚㔜せ࡞ᙧ㉁࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⾜ືࡢಶேᕪࡣ㸪ே㛫♫. DQGFLYLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQJournal of Adolescence 35±. ࠾ࡅࡿ♫ⓗ࡞ṇࡲࡓࡣ㈇ࡢ⤖ᯝࡢ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ཎᅉ ࡢࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ࡑࡢཎᅉㄽࡣ⯆῝࠸ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. Ꮫຊᐙᗞ⫼ᬒ. ᛶࡢ⾜ື㑇ఏᏛⓗ◊✲ࡣ୍㈏ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ. ᩜᓥ༓㭯 ᖇிᏛᩥᏛ㒊ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⛉
(58). 5XVKWRQ ࡽ
(59) ࡣ㸪ࡢேᑐࡍࡿ⾜ື࠾࠸. ᏊࡶࡢᏛຊࢆỴᐃࡍࡿせᅉࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪♫. ࡚ $ 㸣
(60) ( 㸣
(61) ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ୍᪉ .UXJHU㸪. ⛉Ꮫࡢㅖࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡽ㸪つᶍ࡞Ꮫᰯㄪᰝࡸࣃࢿ. ࡽ
(62) ࡣ㸪ேࡸேᑐࡍࡿ⩏ࡘ࠸࡚ &. ࣝㄪᰝࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛᫂ࡽࡉࢀࡓ. 㸣
(63) ( 㸣
(64) ࢆ㸪ࡲࡓ *UHJRU\ ࡽ
(65) ࡣ㸪⪅. ࡢࡣ㸪ᏊࡶࡢᏛຊࡢಶேᕪ ᩍ⫱᱁ᕪ
(66) ࡀ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢ. ᑐࡍࡿྥ♫ⓗ⾜ືࡢ⮬ᕫሗ࿌࡛ $ 㸣
(67) & 㸣
(68). ᐙᗞ⫼ᬒ ࡃ⤒῭᱁ᕪ
(69) ᐦ᥋㛵㐃ࡋྜ࠸࡞ࡀ. ( 㸣
(70) ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ࡽ㸪ୡ௦㛫࡛⏕⏘ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ᵝ┦࡛࠶ࡿ. ࡇࡢ୍⮴ࡢ⌮⏤ࡢࡦࡘࡣ㸪⾜ືࡢ⾜Ⅽ⪅. (UPRVFKHWDO ㉥ᯘ
(71) ࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋ. ཷ┈⪅ࡢ㛵ಀࡢᕪࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪⾑⦕. ࡓ▱ぢᑐࡋ࡚㸪⾜ື㑇ఏᏛࡢᡭἲࢆᑟධࡋᏊࡶࡢ. Ὲửࡢཷ┈⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢᐙ᪘㸪┤᥋ᜨᛶࡋ࡚ࡢே㸪. 㑇ఏせᅉࢆᅾࡉࡏࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪ᩍ⫱᱁ᕪⓎ⏕ࡢ࣓. 㛫᥋ᜨᛶࡋ࡚ࡢேࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⾜ືࡢ⛬. ࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆᤊ࠼┤ࡑ࠺ࡍࡿヨࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. ᗘࢆ⮬ᕫሗ࿌ⓗ⩏ᑻᗘ 65$6'5
(72) ᑠ⏣㸪. ࠕᏛຊ⏕ࡁࡿຊࡢࡩࡓࡈᐙ᪘ㄪᰝ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪㡯┠ ᛂ⌮ㄽᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛཬࡧᅜㄒࡢᏛ.
(73) ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ᐃࡋ㸪㑇ఏ⎔ቃࡢᐤࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ ᡂே⏕ඣ ዪᛶ 0=㸪 ⏨ᛶ '=㸪 ⏨ᛶ '=㸪. ຊࢆ୍ḟඖ࡛ ᐃྍ⬟࡞ඹ㏻ᑻᗘ࡞ࡿᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࢆ㸪. ⏨ᛶ '=㸪␗ᛶ '=
(74) ⤌ ᖹᆒᖺ㱋 ṓ 6'
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(76). ᑠᏛ ᖺ⏕ࡽ୰Ꮫ ᖺ⏕ࡲ࡛ࡢࡩࡓࡈᐇࡋ㸪 . ࡘ࠸࡚༢ኚ㔞࠾ࡼࡧከኚ㔞⾜ື㑇ఏᏛⓗศᯒࡽ㸪. ྡࡽᅇ⟅ࢆᚓࡓࠋຍ࠼࡚୧ぶࡽࡶ㸪㣴⫱㸪ᑵᴗ㸪. ᐙ᪘࠾ࡼࡧேᑐࡍࡿ⩏࡛ࡣ㑇ఏ㠀ඹ. ධࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗࢆྠ㞟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ᭷⎔ቃ $ 㸣㸪( 㸣
(77) ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓࡀ㸪. ಶேᕪࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿせᅉࢆ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢ㑇ఏ 㑇ఏせ ᅉ
(78) ࣭ᐙᗞ⫼ᬒ ඹ᭷⎔ቃせᅉ
(79) ࣭Ꮚࡶ⊂⮬ࡢ⎔ቃ. ேᑐࡍࡿ⩏ࡣ㸪እྥᛶࡼࡗ࡚፹ࡉࢀࡓ ඹ᭷⎔ቃ & ࠥ㸣
(80) ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࡁࡃཷࡅࡓࠋ. 㠀ඹ᭷⎔ቃせᅉ
(81) ศゎࡋ࡚᥎ᐃࡉࡏࡿᵓ㐀᪉⛬ᘧࣔ. ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪♫ேࡀ࠾࠸ࢆಶேⓗ▱ࡿࡇ. ࢹࣜࣥࢢ౫ᣐࡋࡓ⾜ື㑇ఏศᯒࢆࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪Ꮚ. ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞㐍㐺ᛂ⎔ቃࡢ௦ࡣ㸪ேᑐ. ࡶࡢᏛຊ᱁ᕪࡣ㸪ᑠᏛ⏕࡛ࡣඹ᭷⎔ቃせᅉࡼࡗ. ࡍࡿ⩏ ┤᥋ࡢ┦⩏
(82) ࡀ 'XPEHU ࡢᩘࡢ⠊. ࡚㸪୰Ꮫ⏕࡛ࡣ㑇ఏせᅉࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸. ᅖෆࡢ
(83) ᑠࡉ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ㐺ᛂࡍࡿ㑇ఏⓗ㣬. ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ୡᖏධࡣ㸪ඹ᭷⎔. ࡋࡓᚰ⌮ⓗ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ. ቃせᅉࡢ୍㒊ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ᐙ. せᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩. ᗞ⫼ᬒࡢᙳ㡪ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇࡶ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ. ᑠ⏣ு࣭ࡵࡄࡳ࣭⩚㞝㍤࣭ⓒ㒊⿱࣭Ύᡂ㏱Ꮚ࣭. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩. Ṋ⏣⨾ள࣭ᖹ▼⏺
(84) ᑐ㇟ู⾜ືᑻᗘࡢస. ㉥ᯘⱥኵ࣭┤㐨⏕࣭ᩜᓥ༓㭯
(85) Ꮫຊ࣭ᚰ⌮࣭. ᡂጇᙜᛶ࣭ಙ㢗ᛶࡢ᳨ウ ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲ 84± ㅰ㎡. ᐙᗞ⎔ቃࡢ⤒῭ศᯒ̿ᅜᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㏣㊧ㄪᰝ. ࠕᏛ⩦࣭࣭ᛶࡢ⏕ඣㄪᰝࠖࡣ㸪ㄢ㢟タᐃ. ࡽぢ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ ᭷ᩫ㛶 (UPLVFK--DQWWL0 6PHHGLQJ7
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(88) +㸪ཬࡧⱝ ᡭ◊✲ %
(89) . ࡢຓᡂࢆཷࡅࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. 䇷㻌㻠㻝㻌䇷.
(90) 䝫䝇䝍䞊Ⓨ⾲䠍䠉㻝. 㧗㱋⪅ࡢࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ⏝♫㛵ಀ (㸯) ̿ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ⏝ࡀ♫ⓗάືཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡢ᳨ウ̿ ۑ᱇⍠௨ 1࣭ᶫᮏᖾ 2 㸦1 ᕝᮧᏛᅬዪᏊᏛ࣭2 ᚨᑎᏛ㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸㧗㱋⪅㸪ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ⏝㸪♫ⓗάື ၥ㢟 㧗㱋ᮇୡ௦ࡢ ICT ࡢᬑཬక࠸㸪㧗㱋⪅ࡢࣥࢱ࣮ ࢿࢵࢺ(௨ୗ㸪ࢿࢵࢺ)⏝ࡢཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡣὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡀ㸪㧗㱋⪅ࡢࢿࢵࢺ⏝ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᐇドⓗ᳨ウࡋࡓ. ࡢ 6 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ(4)ࢹࣔࢢࣛࣇࢵࢡ㡯┠ ᛶ ู㸪ᖺ㱋࡞ࡘ࠸࡚ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ ⤖ᯝ⪃ᐹ ᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢಖ᭷⋡ࡣ 㸣㸪ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢಖ᭷⋡ࡣ. ◊✲ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ᪉㸪᪥ࡢ㉸㧗㱋♫࠾࠸࡚㸪㧗㱋 ⪅ࡢ♫ⓗάືࢆಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿࡇࡣ㸪Ꮩ❧ࡸ♫ⓗᘬࡁ ࡇࡶࡾ➼ࡢၥ㢟ࢆண㜵࣭పῶࡍࡿࡇࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ⪃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࢿࢵࢺࡢᙳ㡪㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࢿࢵࢺ ࡢ⏝ࡼࡾ㸪ᑐேὶࡸ♫ཧຍ࠸ࡗࡓ♫ⓗάື ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ከࡃࡢ◊✲ࡣⱝᖺ. 㸣࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢿࢵࢺࡢࢶู࣮ࣝ⏝㔞㸪♫ⓗάື ࡢྛኚᩘࡢᖹᆒ್㸪6' ࢆ Table 1, 2 ♧ࡍࠋ ḟ♫ⓗάືࡢྛኚᩘࢆᚑᒓኚᩘࡋ㸪ࢶู࣮ࣝ ⏝㔞ࡢྛኚᩘࢆ⊂❧ኚᩘࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࡞ ࠾ᛶู㸪ᖺ௦ࢆ⤫ไኚᩘࡋ࡚ᢞධࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪࣓ ࣮ࣝ㸪616㸪ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ࡛ࡢࡑࡢࡢࢿࢵࢺࡢ⏝ࡀከ࠸. ᒙࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㧗㱋⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ ᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ✏㸦୍㐃◊✲ࡢ(1)㸧࡛ࡣ㸪㧗㱋⪅ࢆ ᑐ㇟㸪ࢿࢵࢺ⏝ࡀ♫ⓗάືཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡍ ࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ ᪉ἲ ㄪᰝᮇ࣭ᑐ㇟⪅ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ࡽ ᪥㸪ࢿࢵࢺ. 㸪♫ⓗάືࡢ୍㒊ࡢኚᩘࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ㸪ࣃࢯࢥ࡛ࣥࡢ ࢿࢵࢺࡢ⏝ࡀከ࠸㸪♫ⓗάືࡢ୍㒊ࡢኚᩘࡀప ࠸ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ Table 3
(91) ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇࡽ㸪ᦠᖏ㟁 ヰ࡛ࡢࢿࢵࢺ⏝⯡ࡣ♫ⓗάືࢆಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿྍ⬟ᛶ ࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉㸪ࣃࢯࢥ࡛ࣥࡢࢿࢵࢺ⏝ࡣ♫ⓗάືࢆప ୗࡉࡏࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪⤖ᯝ࡛ㄆࡵࡽࢀ. ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ♫ࡢࣔࢽࢱ࣮ࡢ࠺ࡕ ṓࡽ ṓࡲ࡛ࢆᑐ ㇟ :HE ୖ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋᅇ⟅ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓᑐ㇟⪅ࡣ ྡ ⏨ዪྛ 㸣ᖹᆒᖺ㱋 ṓ
(92) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ㄪᰝෆᐜ (1)ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ࣭ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢಖ᭷ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢಖ ᭷ࡢ᭷↓ࡘ࠸࡚㸪2 ⫥ᢥ୍࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ(2)ࢿࢵࢺ ࡢࢶู࣮ࣝ⏝㔞 1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾࡢ㏻ヰ㸪࣓࣮ࣝ㸪SNS㸪. ࡓಀᩘࡣ⥲ࡌ࡚㧗࠸ࡣゝ࠼ࡎ㸪ࡢせᅉࡢᙳ㡪ࡶ⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᚋࡣ㸪㧗㱋⪅ࡢ♫ⓗάື㛵㐃ࡍࡿ ࡢせᅉࡶేࡏ᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡀㄢ㢟⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ. ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ࡛ࡢࡑࡢࡢࢿࢵࢺ㸪ࣃࢯࢥ࡛ࣥࡢࢿࢵࢺࡢྛ ⏝㔞ࡘ࠸࡚㸪 ࠕࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖࡽࠕ6 㛫௨ୖࠖࡢ 8 ⫥ᢥ୍࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ(3)♫ⓗάື 1)♫ཧຍά ື ෆ㛶ᗓ(2017)ࡢ㧗㱋⪅ࡢ♫ཧຍάືࢆཧ⪃㸪 ࠕࢫ ࣏࣮ࢶ࡞ࡢ㊃ࡢάືࠖ ࠕ⏫ෆ࣭⮬➼ࡢάືࠖ ࠕ ࡸࢩࣝࣂ࣮ேᮦࢭࣥࢱ࣮➼ࡢ⫋ᴗάືࠖ ࠕ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ άືࠖࡢ 4 㡯┠ࢆసᡂࡋ㸪 ࠕάືࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖࡽࠕࡰ ẖ᪥ࠖࡢ 6 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ2)ᑐேὶ ෆ㛶ᗓ (2017)ࢆཧ⪃㸪 ࠕ㓄അ⪅ࠖ ࠕᏊࡶࠖ ࠕᘵጜጒ࣭Ꮮ࣭ぶ ᪘࡞㸪ୖグ௨እࡢᐙ᪘ࠖ ࠕ㏆㞄࣭ᆅᇦ࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿேࠖ ࠕேࠖ ࠕබⓗ⤌⧊(㝔࣭ㆤࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡞) ࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡢ ࠶ࡿேࠖࡢ 6 㡯┠ࢆసᡂࡋ㸪 ࠕ࠸ࡿࠖ ࠕ࠸࡞࠸࡛ࠖᅇ⟅ࢆ ồࡵ㸪 ࠕ࠸ࡿࠖᅇ⟅ࡋࡓሙྜࡣ㸪ὶ㢖ᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ ὶࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖࡽࠕࡰẖ᪥ࠖࡢ 6 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵ ࡓࠋ3)እฟ㢖ᗘ ᪥ᖖࡢእฟ㢖ᗘࡘ࠸࡚㸪 ࠕࢇእ ฟࡋ࡞࠸ࠖࡽࠕࡰẖ᪥࡛㸪1 ᪥ࡢྜィ 2 㛫௨ୖࠖ. Table1ࠉࢿࢵࢺࡢࢶู࣮ࣝ⏝㔞ࡢグ㏙⤫ィ ᦠᖏࡑࡢ ࣃࢯࢥࣥ ࣓࣮ࣝ㔞 SNS⏝㔞 ࢿࢵࢺ㔞 ࢿࢵࢺ㔞 M 2.25 1.98 1.51 1.68 5.29 SD 0.81 0.77 0.96 1.22 1.46 ὀࠉᚓⅬࡣ1ࡽ8ࡢ⠊ᅖ㸬 n =1000 ㏻ヰ㔞. Table2ࠉ♫ⓗάືࡢグ㏙⤫ィ ⏫ෆ࣭ ࣎ࣛࣥ ⮬ࡢ ⫋ᴗάື ࢸ ᑐேὶ እฟ㢖ᗘ άື άື M 2.54 1.98 1.26 1.58 4.67 3.68 SD 1.94 1.32 1.04 1.27 0.68 1.42 ὀࠉᚓⅬࡣ1ࡽ6ࡢ⠊ᅖ㸬 n =1000 ㊃ࡢ άື. Table3ࠉࢿࢵࢺ⏝ࡀ♫ⓗάືཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ㊃ࡢ άື. ㏻ヰ㔞. -.02. ࣓࣮ࣝ㔞. .10. SNS⏝㔞. .08. ᦠᖏࡑࡢࢿࢵࢺ㔞. -.01. ࣃࢯࢥࣥࢿࢵࢺ㔞. -.08. ⏫ෆ࣭ ⮬ࡢ ⫋ᴗάື άື. .07 **. **. ࣎ࣛࣥ ࢸ άື. .01. .06. .05. .10. .02. .01. .05. .13. .04. .05. .09. *. **. ᑐேὶ እฟ㢖ᗘ. .04 *. .02. .10. *. .09. *. .07. .09. *. .14. **. -.06. -.04. -.07. .04. .02. -.03. ὀࠉᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽೫ᅇᖐಀᩘࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࠉ *p 㸺.05, **p 㸺.01. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ෆ㛶ᗓ (2017) ᖹᡂ 29 ᖺ∧㧗㱋♫ⓑ᭩ ෆ㛶ᗓ.. ὀ ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠(ㄢ㢟␒ྕ 18K18662)ࢆཷࡅࡓ◊✲ࡢ ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 (Rui KATSURA, Kazuyuki HASHIMOTO㸧. 䇷㻌㻠㻞㻌䇷.
(93) 䝫䝇䝍䞊Ⓨ⾲䠍䠉㻞. 㧗㱋⪅ࡢࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ⏝♫㛵ಀ (㸰) ̿ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ⏝࢜ࣇࣛࣥࡢὶࡢ㛵㐃̿ ۑᶫᮏᖾ 1࣭᱇⍠௨ 2 㸦1 ᚨᑎᏛ࣭2 ᕝᮧᏛᅬዪᏊᏛ㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸㧗㱋⪅㸪ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ⏝㸪࢜ࣇࣛࣥࡢὶ ၥ㢟 ᪥ᮏࡢ⥲ேཱྀࡢ 27.7%ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ㧗㱋⪅ 㸦65 ṓ௨ୖ㸧 ࡀ㸪 ㏥⫋㸪Ꮚࡶࡢ⊂❧㸪㌟యࡢ⾶࠼㸪ᗣၥ㢟࡞ࡼࡾ እฟࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸≧ἣ࡛ࡶᑐேὶࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡋ࡚㸪 ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ㸦௨ୗ㸪ࢿࢵࢺ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓὶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪㧗㱋⪅ࡢࢿࢵࢺ⏝ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᐇドⓗ᳨ ウࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ✏㸦୍㐃◊✲ࡢ(2)㸧࡛ ࡣ㸪㧗㱋⪅ࡢࢿࢵࢺ⏝ࡀ࢜ࣇࣛࣥࡢὶཬࡰࡍᙳ 㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ ᪉ἲ ㄪᰝᮇ࣭ᑐ㇟⪅ ୍㐃Ⓨ⾲ࡢ
(94) ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ㄪᰝෆᐜ ձ࢜ࣇ࡛ࣛࣥࡢὶ ෆ㛶ᗓ(2017)ࢆཧ ⪃㸪 ࠕ㓄അ⪅ࠖ ࠕᏊࡶࠖ ࠕୖグ௨እࡢᐙ᪘ࠖ ࠕ㏆㞄࣭ᆅ ᇦ࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿேࠖ ࠕேࠖ ࠕබⓗ⤌⧊㸦㝔࣭ㆤࢧ ࣮ࣅࢫ࡞㸧࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿேࠖࡢᬑẁࡢ⏕ά࡛ࡢ ὶࡢ⛬ᗘࢆ㸪ᒸᮏ࣭ᒸ⏣࣭ⓑ⃝(2006)ࢆཧ⪃㸪 ࠕὶࡋ ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸦1 Ⅼ㸧 ࠖ ࠕᖺ㸯㹼㸰ᅇ㸦2 Ⅼ㸧 ࠖ ࠕ༙ᖺ 1㹼2 ᅇ㸦3 Ⅼ㸧 ࠖ ࠕ᭶㸯㹼㸰ᅇ㸦4 Ⅼ㸧 ࠖ ࠕ㐌㸯㹼㸰ᅇ㸦5 Ⅼ㸧 ࠖ ࠕ㐌㸱㹼㸳ᅇ㸦6 Ⅼ㸧 ࠖ ࠕࡰẖ᪥㸦7 Ⅼ㸧 ࠖࡽ 7 ⫥ᢥ ୍࡛ᅇ⟅ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡓࠋヱᙜ࡞ࡋ࡞ࡽࡤࠕ࠸࡞࠸ࠖ ᅇ⟅ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡓࠋղࢿࢵࢺ࡛ࡢὶ ࣓࣮ࣝࡸ SNS ࡞㸪 ࢿࢵࢺࢆࡗ࡚ࡸࡾྲྀࡾࢆࡍࡿ┦ᡭࡘ࠸࡚㸪 ࢜ࣇ࡛ࣛࣥࡢὶᑐᛂࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ࠕ㓄അ⪅ࠖ ࠕᏊ ࡶࠖ ࠕୖグ௨እࡢᐙ᪘ࠖ ࠕ㏆㞄࣭ᆅᇦ࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿேࠖ ࠕ ேࠖ ࠕබⓗ⤌⧊࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿேࠖࡽᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࡶࡢ ᅇ⟅ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡓ㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅㸧 ࠋヱᙜ࡞ࡋ࡞ࡽࡤࠕ࠸ ࡞࠸ࠖᅇ⟅ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡓࠋ ⤖ᯝ⪃ᐹ ࢿࢵࢺ࡛ࡢὶࡢศ㢮 ࢿࢵࢺ࡛ࡸࡾྲྀࡾࢆࡍࡿ┦ᡭ ࡀ࠸࡞࠸ ྡࢆࠕ↓⏝ᆺࠖ 㸪㓄അ⪅㸪Ꮚࡶ㸪ୖグ௨ እࡢᐙ᪘ࡢࡳ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ྡࢆࠕᐙ᪘㝈ᐃᆺࠖ 㸪ᐙ ᪘௨እࡢᑐ㇟ࡶ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ྡࢆࠕᐙ᪘እ⏝ᆺࠖ ࡢ ⩌ศ㢮ࡋࡓࠋ௨ୗ㸪ࡇࡢ ⩌ࢆࢿࢵࢺὶࢱࣉ ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࠋ ࢿࢵࢺὶࢱࣉ࢜ࣇ࡛ࣛࣥࡢὶࡢ㛵ಀ ࢿࢵ ࢺὶࢱࣉ ⩌ࡢ࢜ࣇ࡛ࣛࣥࡢὶࡢᕪ␗ࢆ᳨ウࡍ ࡿࡓࡵศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸦ᖹᆒ್ᶆ‽೫ᕪࡣ 7DEOH ཧ↷㸧 ࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ேබⓗ⤌⧊࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿேࡘ. ࠸࡚㸪᭷ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑㸦7XNH\ ἲ㸧ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪 ேබⓗ⤌⧊࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡀ࠶ࡿே࡛ࡣ㸪ᐙ᪘㝈ᐃᆺࡼࡾ ࡶ↓⏝ᆺᐙ᪘እ⏝ᆺࡢὶ㢖ᗘࡀ㧗ࡗࡓ㸦 ே)
(95) Sබⓗ⤌⧊࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿ ே)
(96) S㸧 ࠋࡇࡢࡇࡽ㸪ࢿࢵࢺࢆ ⏝ࡍࡿ⩌ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ὶࡍࡿᑐ㇟ࡀᗈࡃᐙ᪘௨እࡢ ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀ࠶ࡿ㸪ேཬࡧබⓗ⤌⧊࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡀ࠶ࡿ ேࡢὶࡀάⓎ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ⤖ㄽᚋࡢㄢ㢟 ࢿࢵࢺୖ࡛ᐙ᪘௨እὶࡍࡿ㧗 㱋⪅ࡣ㸪࢜ࣇ࡛ࣛࣥࡢὶࡀከࡗࡓࠋලయⓗࡣ㸪 ὶ㢖ᗘࡀ㧗ࡗࡓᑐ㇟ࡀேබⓗ⤌⧊࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡀ࠶ ࡿே࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡢᑐ㇟ẚࡿ㸪᪥ᖖ⏕άࡢሙ࡛࠶ࡿ ⮬Ꮿ࿘㎶࡛ฟ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ཧຍࡢ⩏ົࡀᙉࡃ࡞࠸ ࡓࡵ㸪⮬ศ࡛⬟ືⓗཧຍࡍࡿᕤኵࢆࡋ࡞࠸ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ ࢆ⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࢿࢵࢺ⏝ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᕤኵࡢ୍ࡘ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 㼀㼍㼎㼘㼑㻝䚷䝛䝑䝖ὶ䝍䜲䝥䛸䜸䝣䝷䜲䞁䛷䛾ὶ䛾㛵ಀ ὶ䛩䜛ᑐ㇟. 䝛䝑䝖⏝ᆺ ↓⏝ᆺ 㓄അ⪅ ᐙ᪘㝈ᐃᆺ ᐙ᪘እ⏝ᆺ ↓⏝ᆺ Ꮚ䛹䜒 ᐙ᪘㝈ᐃᆺ ᐙ᪘እ⏝ᆺ ↓⏝ᆺ ୖグ௨እ䛾ᐙ᪘ ᐙ᪘㝈ᐃᆺ ᐙ᪘እ⏝ᆺ ↓⏝ᆺ ㏆㞄䞉ᆅᇦ䛷㛵䜟䜚䛜䛒䜛ே ᐙ᪘㝈ᐃᆺ ᐙ᪘እ⏝ᆺ ↓⏝ᆺ ே ᐙ᪘㝈ᐃᆺ ᐙ᪘እ⏝ᆺ ↓⏝ᆺ බⓗ⤌⧊䛷㛵䜟䜚䛜䛒䜛ே ᐙ᪘㝈ᐃᆺ ᐙ᪘እ⏝ᆺ. 㻹 㻢㻚㻥㻠 㻢㻚㻤㻜 㻢㻚㻤㻞 㻠㻚㻤㻜 㻠㻚㻤㻥 㻠㻚㻣㻣 㻟㻚㻞㻤 㻟㻚㻟㻤 㻟㻚㻟㻠 㻠㻚㻣㻥 㻠㻚㻡㻤 㻠㻚㻢㻟 㻟㻚㻥㻝 㻟㻚㻠㻢 㻠㻚㻝㻟 㻠㻚㻠㻡 㻟㻚㻡㻡 㻠㻚㻞㻜. 㻿㻰 㻜㻚㻟㻥 㻜㻚㻥㻟 㻜㻚㻥㻡 㻝㻚㻤㻝 㻝㻚㻢㻢 㻝㻚㻢㻠 㻝㻚㻠㻡 㻝㻚㻠㻟 㻝㻚㻠㻝 㻝㻚㻟㻠 㻝㻚㻠㻟 㻝㻚㻞㻥 㻝㻚㻟㻠 㻝㻚㻟㻟 㻝㻚㻟㻜 㻝㻚㻜㻞 㻝㻚㻡㻜 㻝㻚㻞㻢. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ෆ㛶ᗓ
(97) ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ∧㧗㱋♫ⓑ᭩ ෆ㛶ᗓ ᒸᮏ⚽࣭᫂ᒸ⏣㐍୍࣭ⓑ⃝ᨻ
(98) 㒔ᕷᒃఫ㧗㱋 ⪅ࡢ♫άື㛵㐃ࡍࡿせᅉ㸫㌟య㸪ᚰ⌮㸪♫࣭⎔ ቃⓗせᅉࡽ㸫 ᪥ᮏබ⾗⾨⏕㞧ㄅ
(99) ὀ㸸ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠 ㄢ㢟␒ྕ .
(100) ࢆཷࡅࡓ◊✲ࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿࠋ +$6+,0272.D]X\XNL.$7685$5XL
(101) . 䇷㻌㻠㻟㻌䇷.
(102) 䝫䝇䝍䞊Ⓨ⾲䠍䠉㻟. ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ᑻᗘࡢసᡂձ ̿ືᶵ࡙ࡅኚᩘ࠾ࡼࡧᏛ⩦᪉␎ࡢ㛵㐃̿ ୕ۑ⚽ᖹ 1࣭ゎⰋඃᇶ 2 㸦1 㛵すእᅜㄒᏛ࣭2 ༡ᒣᏛ㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎㸪⏝౯್㸪ᑻᗘ㸪⯆ ⏣୰࣭ᒣෆ㸦2000㸧࡛⏝ࡉࢀࡓ 5 㡯┠ࢆಟṇࡋ࡚. ၥ㢟 ㏆ᖺࡣ㸪ぶࡸᩍᖌࡼࡿᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ⏝౯್ㄆ▱ࢆ㧗. ⏝ࡋࡓ㸦6 ௳ἲ㸧 ࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᩍ♧ᩥ࡛ヱᙜ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿ͆ᚰ. ࡵࡿධࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⯆ࡸᏛᴗࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡢྥୖ. ⌮Ꮫ͇㝈ᐃࡋ࡚ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ. ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿ◊✲ࡀ┒ࢇ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (ࣞࣅ࣮ࣗࡋ࡚. ⤖ᯝ⪃ᐹ. Harackiewicz et al. 2014)ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏝౯್ㄆ▱ࡢ. ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ࡢཎ 7 㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᅉᏊศᯒ㸦᭱. ྥୖࡣ㸪⪅ࡽࡢᩍᤵࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪⮬ࡽ᪉␎ⓗ᭷. ᑬἲ㸪ࣉ࣐ࣟࢵࢡࢫᅇ㌿㸧ࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪࢟. ⏝ᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ⏕㉳ࡍࡿࡇࡀᐃࡉࢀ. ࣕࣜୖ࡛ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ᪉␎㸪᪥ᖖ࡛ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶ. ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪⏝౯್ධ࠾࠸࡚≉⮬ᕫ⏕ᡂ. ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ᪉␎ࡢ 2 ᅉᏊࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ. ᆺࡢධ╔┠ࡋ㸪 ࠕᏛ⩦ࡋࡓ▱㆑ࡸᢏ⬟ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆᏛ. ࢆ͆࢟ࣕࣜᛮ⪃᪉␎͇͆᪥ᖖᛮ⪃᪉␎͇ྡࡋ. ⩦⪅⮬㌟ࡀ⪃࠼ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ᚰⓗ࡞సᴗࢆ୍✀ࡢᏛ⩦᪉. ࡓ (Table 1)ࠋ. ␎ࡋ࡚ᴫᛕࡍࡿࡇࢆᥦࡋ㸪᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ࢆ. ḟ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ࡢኚᩘࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘࢆ⟬ฟ. ᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘࢆసᡂࡍࡿࠋ. ࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪 ࢟ࣕࣜᛮ⪃᪉␎ࡣไᗘⓗ⏝౯್ (r. ᪉ἲ. 㸻.59)㸪ᐇ㊶ⓗ⏝౯್ (r 㸻.61)㸪᪥ᖖⓗ⏝౯್ (r. ⿕ㄪᰝ⪅ ᑐ㇟ࡣ㛵すᆅ᪉ࡢᏛ㏻࠺ࠕᚰ⌮Ꮫࠖ ࢆཷㅮࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⏕108 ྡ (⏨ᛶ46ྡ㸪 ዪᛶ52 ྡ㸪. 㸻.31)㸪⮬ᚊⓗㄪᩚ᪉␎ (r 㸻.39)㸪⢭⦓᪉␎ (r 㸻.37)㸪⯆ (r 㸻.32) ࡢ㛫ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪᪥ᖖᛮ⪃᪉␎ࡣᐇ㊶ⓗ⏝౯್ (r 㸻.31)㸪᪥. ᖹᆒᖺ㱋 21.09 ṓ㸪ᶆ‽೫ᕪ 0.85)࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ኚᩘ ձ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎㸸ඛ⾜◊✲ (ఀ⏣, 2001; ゎ. ᖖⓗ⏝౯್ (r 㸻.62)㸪⮬ᚊⓗㄪᩚ᪉␎ (r 㸻.23)㸪. Ⰻ࣭୰㇂, 2014) ࢆཧ⪃సᡂࡋࡓ 7 㡯┠ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ 㸦6. ⢭⦓᪉␎ (r 㸻.38)㸪ࡲࡵసᴗ᪉␎(r 㸻.21)㸪⯆. ௳ἲ㸧 ࠋղ⏝౯್㸸ఀ⏣ (2001) ࢆཧ⪃సᡂࡋࡓ͆ไ. (r 㸻.54) ࡢ㛫ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ. ᗘⓗ⏝౯್͇ ͆ᐇ㊶ⓗ⏝౯್͇ ͆᪥ᖖⓗ⏝౯್͇. ᮏ◊✲ࡼࡾ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ᑻᗘࡀసᡂࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ≉. 㛵ࢃࡿ 9 㡯┠ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ㸦7 ௳ἲ㸧 ࠋճືᶵ࡙ࡅㄪᩚ. ᚩࡋ࡚⮬ᚊⓗㄪᩚ᪉␎ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⮬ࡽࡢࡸࡿẼࢆ㧗ࡵ. ᪉␎㸸ᱵᮏ (2013) ࡛⏝ࡉࢀࡓ͆⮬ᚊⓗㄪᩚ᪉͇ ͆༠. ࡿ᪉␎ࡸ⢭⦓᪉␎ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሗฎ⌮ࢆಁࡍ᪉␎ࡢ୧. ྠ᪉␎͇ ͆ᡂ⦼㔜ど᪉␎͇ 㛵ࢃࡿ 27 㡯┠ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ. ഃ㠃㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎࠸. 㸦5 ௳ἲ㸧 ࠋ մㄆ▱ⓗ᪉␎㸸ᱵᮏ (2012) ࡛⏝ࡉࢀࡓ ͆⢭. ࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡣ㸪᪤Ꮡࡢ⏝౯್ධࡢ◊✲Ꮫ⩦᪉␎◊. ⦓᪉␎͇ ͆ࡲࡵసᴗ᪉␎͇ ͆సᴗ᪉␎͇ ͆యไ. ✲ࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿ᥋Ⅼ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ. ᪉␎͇㛵ࢃࡿ 12 㡯┠ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ㸦5 ௳ἲ㸧 ࠋյ⯆㸸. 㸦MIWA Shuhei, KERA Masaki㸧. 㼀㼍㼎㼘㼑㻌䚷ᅉᏊศᯒ䛾⤖ᯝ M 䜻 䝱 䝸 䜰 ᛮ⪃᪉␎䠄 䃐䠙㻥 㻝 䠅 ⮬ศ䛜ᑵ⫋䜔㐍Ꮫ䜢䛧䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛䛸䛝䛻䠈䛣䛾ᤵᴗ䛾ෆᐜ䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᙺ❧䛱䛭䛖䛛䜢⪃䛘䜛 ᤵᴗ䛾ෆᐜ䛜䠈⮬ศ䛾㐍㊰䛾┠ᶆ䜢㐩ᡂ䛩䜛䛖䛘䛷䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᙺ❧䛴䛰䜝䛖䛛䛸⪃䛘䜛 ᤵᴗ䛾ෆᐜ䛜䠈ᑗ᮶䛾䛷䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᙺ❧䛴䛛䜢⪃䛘䜛 ᑗ᮶⮬ศ䛜䛻䛴䛔䛯䛸䛝䛻䠈䛣䛾ᤵᴗ䛾ෆᐜ䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᙺ❧䛱䛭䛖䛛䜢⪃䛘䜛 ᪥ᖖᛮ⪃᪉␎䠄 䃐䠙㻚㻤 㻝 䠅 ᤵᴗ䛾ෆᐜ䛜䠈ᬑẁ䛾᪥ᖖ⏕ά䛷䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᙺ❧䛴䛛䜢⪃䛘䜛 ㌟䛾ᅇ䜚䛾⏕ά䛷䠈䛣䛾ᤵᴗ䛾ෆᐜ䛜ᙺ❧䛱䛭䛖䛺ሙ㠃䛿䛹䛣䛛䜢⪃䛘䜛 ᤵᴗ䛾ෆᐜ䛜䠈ᑗ᮶䛾⮬ศ䛾⏕ά䛷䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᙺ❧䛱䛭䛖䛛䜢⪃䛘䜛 ᅉᏊ㛫┦㛵䚷䚷䊠. 䇷㻌㻠㻠㻌䇷. SD. 䊠. 䊡. K.
(103)
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(105)
(106). .
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(108)
(109). 䇷. . .
(110) 䝫䝇䝍䞊Ⓨ⾲䠍䠉㻠. ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ᑻᗘࡢసᡂղ ʊ⏝౯್ㄆ▱ࢆ፹ࡋࡓ⯆ࡢᙳ㡪ʊ żゎⰋඃᇶ ࣭୕⚽ᖹ 㸦 ༡ᒣᏛ 㛵すእᅜㄒᏛ㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎㸪⏝౯್㸪ᑻᗘ㸪⯆ ၥ㢟. ࢀࡶᩍ♧ᩥ࡛ ³ᚰ⌮Ꮫ´㝈ᐃࡋ࡚ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ. Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㛵ࡍࡿ㏆ᖺࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜࡀ. ⤖ᯝ⪃ᐹ. ࠸ᐇ⏕ά࡛ᙺ❧ࡘࡢࢆᣦࡍ⏝౯್ㄆ▱ࡢ. )LJXUH ࡢࣔࢹࣝᚑ࠸㸪 ፹ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ 7DEOH
(111) ࠋ. ධὀ┠ࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୕࣭ゎⰋ
(112) ࡛ࡣࡇࡢ. 㛫᥋ຠᯝࡢ᳨ウࡣࣈ࣮ࢺࢫࢺࣛࢵࣉἲ㸦ࣈ࣮ࢺࢫࢺ. ࡼ࠺࡞⏝౯್ㄆ▱ࡘ࠸࡚㸪 ࠕᏛ⩦ࡋࡓ▱㆑ࡸᢏ⬟ࡢ. ࣛࢵࣉᶆᮏᩘ㸸㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ. ᭷⏝ᛶࢆᏛ⩦⪅⮬㌟ࡀ⪃࠼ࡿࠖࡇࢆ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ ࠸࠺୍✀ࡢᏛ⩦᪉␎ࡋ࡚ᴫᛕࡍࡿࡇࢆᥦࡋ㸪. ⏝౯್. D. E. ᑻᗘ㡯┠ࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ ⏝౯್ࡢ㛵㐃ࡘ࠸࡚⏝౯್ධࡢඛ⾜◊✲ HJ+XOOHPDQ HWDO
(113) ࢆཧ⪃㸪᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ࢆ ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡛⏝౯್ࡢㄆ▱ࡀ㧗ࡲࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚. ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎. ⯆. F F
(114). ὀ
(115) F 䛿፹ኚᩘ䜢ᢞධ䛩䜛๓䛾䝟䝇䜢♧䛩 )LJXUH፹ศᯒ䛾䝰䝕䝹. ⯆ࡀྥୖࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆᐃࡋ᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ. ࡘࡢ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ࡣ㸪 ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᪥ᖖⓗ⏝౯್. ᪉ἲ. ᐇ㊶ⓗ⏝౯್ࢆ፹ࡋ࡚⯆ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ. ⿕ㄪᰝ⪅ ᑐ㇟ࡣ㛵すᆅ᪉ࡢᏛ㏻࠺ࠕᚰ⌮Ꮫࠖ. ࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜࡘ࠸࡚᪥ᖖ⏕άࡸ⫋ᴗሙ㠃. ࢆཷㅮࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⏕ ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ. ࠾ࡅࡿ᭷⏝ᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ᐇ㝿᪥ᖖ⏕άࡸ⫋ᴗᐇ. ኚᩘ ձ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎㸸ඛ⾜◊✲ ఀ⏣ ゎ. ㊶࠾ࡅࡿ⏝౯್ࢆㄆ▱ࡋ㸪⯆ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇࡀ. Ⰻ࣭୰㇂
(116) ࢆཧ⪃సᡂࡋࡓ 㡯┠ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ㸦. ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤖ᯝࡣ㸪⏝౯್ධࡀ⯆. ௳ἲ㸧 ࠋ㡯┠ෆᐜࡣ୕࣭ゎⰋ
(117) ࢆཧ↷ࠋղ⏝. ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚ᐃࡍࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡸ⯆ࡢⓎ㐩ࣉ. ౯್㸸ఀ⏣
(118) ࢆཧ⪃సᡂࡋࡓ³ไᗘⓗ⏝౯. ࣟࢭࢫࡽࡢ♧၀ᩚྜࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚋࡣ㸪ᩍ. ್´³ᐇ㊶ⓗ⏝౯್´³᪥ᖖⓗ⏝౯್´㛵ࢃࡿ 㡯┠. ⛉࣭⛉┠ࡸᑐ㇟⪅ࡼࡿ୍⯡ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡶ㸪. ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ㸦 ௳ἲ㸧 ࠋճ⯆㸸⏣୰࣭ᒣෆ㸦㸧࡛. ኚᩘ㛫ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ヲ⣽ࡳ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦.(5$ 0DVDNL 0,:$ 6KXKHL㸧. ⏝ࡉࢀࡓ 㡯┠ࢆಟṇࡋ࡚⏝ࡋࡓ㸦 ௳ἲ㸧 ࠋ࠸ࡎ. 7DEOH䚷᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎䛸⯆䛸䛾㛵㐃䛚䜘䜃⏝౯್䛾፹䛾ຠᯝ LQGLUHFW HIIHFW. 6(. ,&. ᪉␎䊻౯್ 䝟䝇㻌㼍. ౯್䊻⯆ 䝟䝇㻌㼎. ᪉␎䊻⯆ 䝟䝇㻌㼏 㻔䝟䝇㻌㼏㻓㻕. 䜻䝱䝸䜰ᛮ⪃᪉␎ ᐇ㊶ⓗ⏝౯್. . . . . . . . ไᗘⓗ⏝౯್. . . . . . . . ᪥ᖖⓗ⏝౯್. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ᪥ᖖᛮ⪃᪉␎ ᐇ㊶ⓗ⏝౯್ ไᗘⓗ⏝౯್. . . . . ᪥ᖖⓗ⏝౯್ ὀ
(119) p 䠘 p 䠘 ὀ
(120) ್䛿ᶆ‽ಀᩘ ὀ
(121) ᪉␎䛿᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎䠈౯್䛿⏝౯್䜢⾲䛩. . 䇷㻌㻠㻡㻌䇷. . . .
(122) 䝫䝇䝍䞊Ⓨ⾲䠍䠉㻡. ศἲⓗᛮ⪃ഴྥࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢫ࣭ࢫࢱࣝࡢ㛵㐃 ̿」ᩘࡢ᥇Ⅼἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᳨ウ̿ ▼ۑᕝṊ 1࣭ᩜᓥ༓㭯 2 㸦1 ᖇிᏛᩥᏛ◊✲⛉⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫᑓᨷ࣭2 ᖇிᏛᩥᏛ㒊ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⛉㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸ศἲⓗᛮ⪃㸪ࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢫ࣭ࢫࢱࣝ 㸪ᴟ➃ᛂഴྥ ၥ㢟 ࠕⓑ㯮ࠖ 㸪 ࠕ↓ࠖ 㸪 ࠕ⪅ᩋ⪅ࠖ 㸪࠸ࡗ ࡓ≀ࢆᚊ⫼࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᛮ⪃ࡍࡿഴྥࡣศἲ ⓗᛮ⪃ࡤࢀࡿ(Oshio ,2009)ࠋศἲⓗᛮ⪃ࡀᙉ࠸ ሙྜ㸪㉁ၥ⣬ࡢᅇ⟅࠾࠸࡚ᴟ➃࡞㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ ᴟ➃ᛂഴྥ (⏣ᓮ࣭⏦,2017)ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࡀணࡉࢀ ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ศἲⓗᛮ⪃ഴྥࡀ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࡢᅇ ⟅ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ ᪉ἲ ᑐ㇟ ◊✲ཧຍ⪅ࡣ 313 ྡ(⏨ᛶ 168 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 145 ྡ)㸪ᖹᆒᖺ㱋ࡣ 19.5 ṓ(SD=1.36)࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ. ⪃ᐹ. ㄪᰝ㡯┠ ศἲⓗᛮ⪃ഴྥࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪6. ᥇Ⅼἲ $㸪%㸪& ࡢ㡰ᚓⅬࡉࢀࡿ⠊ᅖࡀ୧ᴟ➃. ௳ἲ 15 㡯┠ࡽ࡞ࡿศἲⓗᛮ⪃ᑻᗘ(Dichotomous. ྥࡗ࡚⊃ࡲࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ศἲⓗᛮ⪃ࡀᙉ࠸ேࡣ㸪. Thinking Inventory㸪DTI) (Oshio,2009)ࢆ㸪㉁ၥ⣬. ༢୰ᗤࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᴟ➃࡞ᛂࣞࢫ࣏ࣥ. ࡢᅇ⟅ഴྥࢆㄪࡿࡓࡵ㸪7 ௳ἲ 10 㡯┠ࡽ࡞ࡿ᪥. ࢫ࣭ࢫࢱࣝࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽࡉࢀࡓࠋᮏ◊✲. ᮏㄒ∧ Ten Item Personality Inventory(TIPI-J) (ᑠ. ࡣ ࡘࡢᑻᗘࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᳨ウ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ศἲⓗᛮ. ሷ࣭㜿㒊࣭ࣆࣀ, 2012)ࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋ. ⪃ࡀᙉ࠸㸪᪥ᖖ⏕ά࠾࠸࡚ࡶᴟ➃࡞ᛂࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ. ศᯒ᪉ἲ TIPI-J ࡢྛ㡯┠ࢆ⾲ 1 ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ᚓⅬࡋ㸪 10 㡯┠ࡢྜィᚓⅬࢆࡶᅇ⟅ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ. 㼀㻵㻼㻵㻙㻶ᅇ⟅. ᥇Ⅼἲ㻭. ᚋࡣ㸪ศἲⓗᛮ⪃ᴟ➃࡞౯್ほࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌ ࡿ㇟ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆゎ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ. ⾲㻝㻚㻌᥇Ⅼἲ 䜎䛳䛯䛟 䛚䛚䜘䛭 ᑡ䛧. ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋ. 䛹䛱䜙. ᑡ䛧 䜎䛒䜎䛒 ᙉ䛟. 㐪䛖䛸. 㐪䛖䛸. 㐪䛖䛸. 䛷䜒. 䛭䛖. 䛭䛖. 䛭䛖. ᛮ䛖. ᛮ䛖. ᛮ䛖. 䛺䛔. ᛮ䛖. ᛮ䛖. ᛮ䛖. 㻝. 㻞. 㻟. 㻠. 㻡. 㻢. 㻣. 㻝. 㻝. 㻝. 㻜. 㻝. 㻝. 㻝. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ Oshio, A. (2009). Development and Validation of the Dichotomous Thinking Inventory. Social Behavior. ᥇Ⅼἲ㻮. 㻝. 㻝. 㻜. 㻜. 㻜. 㻝. 㻝. and Personality: An International Journal, 37,. ᥇Ⅼἲ㻯. 㻝. 㻜. 㻜. 㻜. 㻜. 㻜. 㻝. 729-742.. DTI ᚓⅬࡀୗ 25%(49 Ⅼ௨ୗ)ࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࢆ DTI ప. ᑠሷ┿ྖ࣭㜿㒊࿃࣭࢝ࢺ࣮ࣟࢽࣆࣀ
(123) ᪥ᮏㄒ. ⩌㸪ୖ 25%(63 Ⅼ௨ୖ)ࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࢆ DTI 㧗⩌ࡾᙜ. ∧ 7HQ,WHP3HUVRQDOLW\,QYHQWRU\ 7,3,-
(124) సᡂࡢ. ࡚ࡓࠋ. ヨࡳ ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ◊✲
(125) . ⤖ᯝ. ⏣ᓮஓ࣭⏦▱ඖ
(126) ᪥ᮏேࡢᅇ⟅ࣂࢫ̿ࣞ. '7, ప⩌ '7, 㧗⩌ࡢ㛫࡛㸪 ࡘࡢ᥇Ⅼἲࡼࡿྜィ. ࢫ࣏ࣥࢫ࣭ࢫࢱࣝࡢ✀ู㛫࣭ᩥ㛫ẚ㍑̿ᚰ⌮Ꮫ. ᚓⅬࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪᥇Ⅼἲ $ ᥇Ⅼἲ % ࡛ࡣ୧⩌. ◊✲
(127) . 㛫᭷ពᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ᥇Ⅼἲ & ࡛ࡣ㸪㸣Ỉ‽ ࡛᭷ពᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ W
(128) S
(129) ᅗ
(130) ࠋ. 㸦ISHIKAWA Takeshi, SHIKISHIMA Chizuru㸧. 䇷㻌㻠㻢㻌䇷.
(131) 䝫䝇䝍䞊Ⓨ⾲䠍䠉㻢. ࠕ࠺ࡘࡢேࢆຓࡍࡿࡇࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࠖࡢ୰᰾ⓗせ⣲ࡢ≉ᐃ ʊࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡศᯒᇶ࡙ࡃ᳨ウʊ ۑᶔཎ ₶ ࣭ᆏᮏ ┿ኈ 㸦 ᪥ᮏᏛᩥ⌮Ꮫ㒊 ᪥ᮏᏛ⾡⯆㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸࠺ࡘ㸪ຓ⾜ື㸪ࢥࢫࢺឤ㸪ែᗘ㸪ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡศᯒ ၥ 㢟. UHYLHZ
(132) ྠ୍ࡢࢫࣛࢻ㈨ᩱࢆ⏝࠸㸪 ࠕேࡀ࠺ࡘ. ㏆ᖺ㸪ࣆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࠺ࡘࡢ᪩ᮇண㜵ࢆ┠. ࡢ≧ࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ຓࡍࡿ࠺ࡢุ᩿ࡀᅇ⟅. ᣦࡍୖ࡛㸪 ࠕ࠺ࡘࡢேࢆຓࡍࡿࡇࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࠖ. ⪅⮬㌟ጤࡡࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ሙ㠃ࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋ. ࢆ࠸ゎᾘࡍࡿࡀㄢ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤ㸪ࣆ. ㉁ၥ㡯┠ .DVKLKDUD 6DNDPRWR XQGHUUHYLHZ
(133) ࡀ.-ἲ. ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺᩍ⫱ࡢཷㅮ⪅ࡀᑐ㇟ࡢࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ. ᕝ႐ከ㸪
(134) ࡛ᢳฟࡋࡓ㸪 ࠕ࠺ࡘࡢேࢆຓࡍࡿ. 5RVVHWWR HWDO
(135) ࡛ࡣ㸪 ࠕཷㅮᚋ㸪࠺ࡘࡢேࢆᐇ. ࡇࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࠖࡢ࢝ࢸࢦࣜ ✀㢮 7DEOH
(136) ࢆᥦ♧. 㝿┠ࡋࡓࡀ㸪 ࠗవィ࡞㈐௵ࢆᢪ࠼ࡓࡃ࡞࠸࠘ᛮ࠸㸪. ࡋࡓࠋୖグࡢሙ㠃ᐃࡢࡶ㸪 ✀㢮ࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࢆ. ຓ⾜ື㋃ࡳษࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠖ࠸࠺ㄒࡾࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚. ࡢ⛬ᗘẼࡅࡿ㸪 ẁ㝵 ࡲࡗࡓࡃẼࡅ࡞. ࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡀᑐ㇟ࡢ⮬⏤グ㏙ㄪᰝ .DVKLKDUD . ࠸̿ 㠀ᖖẼࡅࡿ
(137) ࡛ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ. 6DNDPRWR XQGHUUHYLHZ
(138) ࡛ࡣ㸪 ࠕ࠺ࡘࡢேࡢຓ ࡘ࠸࡚㸪๓ྥࡁ࡞ពぢࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪 ✀㢮ࡶࡢࢥࢫ. ⤖ᯝ⪃ᐹ ⤫ィゎᯒࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ 5 ࡢ qgraph ࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪ (SVNDPS HWDO
(139) ࢆ⏝࠸㸪 ࠕ࠺ࡘࡢேࢆຓࡍ. ࢺឤࡀ㉳ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪ୖグࡢ .DVKLKDUD 6DNDPRWR XQGHUUHYLHZ
(140). ࡿࡇࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࠖࡢྛ㡯┠ࢆ ಶࡢࣀ࣮ࢻࡋ࡚⾲. ࡢ▱ぢࢆᅵྎ㸪 ࠕ ✀㢮ࡢࢥࢫࢺឤྠኈࡀ┦ᙳ㡪. ⌧ࡋ㸪㡯┠㛫ࡢ೫┦㛵ಀᩘࢆ࢚ࢵࢪࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡍࡿࢿ. ࡋྜ࠺ᵝᏊࠖࢆ୍✀ࡢࠕࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࠖࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼㸪. ࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᅗࡢ᥎ᐃ࣭ฟຊࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ ⣬ᖜࡢ㒔ྜୖ㸪. ✀㢮ࡢ࠺ࡕ࠸ࡎࢀࡀࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡෆ࡛୰᰾ⓗ࡞ᙺ. ᅗࡣឡࡋࡓ
(141) ࠋྛࣀ࣮ࢻࡢ VWUHQJWK ࡢࣀ࣮ࢻࡢ೫. ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࢆㄏⓎࡋࡸࡍ. ┦㛵ಀᩘࡢᖹᆒ್
(142) 㸪FORVHQHVV ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡୖ࠾ࡅࡿ㸪. ࠸
(143) ࡢࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓࠋ࠺ࡘࡢ᪩ᮇண㜵ࢆ. ࡢࣀ࣮ࢻࡢᖹᆒⓗ㊥㞳
(144) 㸪EHWZHHQQHVV ࣀ࣮ࢻ㛫ࢆ. ᥎㐍ࡍࡿୖ࡛㸪ࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࢆゎᾘࡍࡿࡢࡀຠ⋡ⓗ㸪. ፹ࡍࡿᅇᩘࡢከࡉ
(145) ࢆồࡵࡓࡇࢁ㸪 ࠕປຊࡢ㈇ᢸࠖ. ᚋࡢᣦ㔪ࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀᮏ◊✲ࡢ≺࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. ࡢࣀ࣮ࢻࡀ ᣦᶆࡢࡍ࡚࡛┦ᑐⓗࡁ࡞್ࢆ♧ࡋ. ᪉ ἲ. 7DEOH
(146) 㸪ࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࢆㄏⓎࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ. ㄪᰝᴫせ ᖺ ᭶㸪㤳㒔ᅪࡢ⚾❧Ꮫ ᰯ࡛㉁. ࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ᚋ࠺ࡘࡢ᪩ᮇண㜵ࢆ᥎㐍. ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋᅇ⟅⪅ࡣ ྡ ⏨ᛶ ྡ㸪. ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡣ㸪 ࠕປຊࡢ㈇ᢸࠖ࠸࠺ࢥࢫࢺឤࢆゎᾘࡍࡿ. ዪᛶ ྡ ᖹᆒᖺ㱋 ṓ㸪SD
(147) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ. ࡇࡀຠ⋡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋ .$6+,+$5$ -XQ 6$.$0272 6KLQML
(148). ሙ㠃ᐃ ㄪᰝࡢෑ㢌࡛㸪.DVKLKDUD 6DNDPRWR XQGHU. 7DEOH ࠕ࠺ࡘࡢேࢆຓࡍࡿࡇࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࠖࡢグ㏙⤫ィࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ 㡯┠ෆᐜ ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢⴠࡕ㎸ࡳ. M. SD
(149). 6WU. &O. %WZ. SD
(150). 6WU. &O. %WZ.
(151). . . . 㡯┠ෆᐜ 㔠㖹ⓗ࡞㈇ᢸ. M. . .
(152). . . . ேࡀヰࡍෆᐜࡢᛌឤ. .
(153). . . . ປຊࡢ㈇ᢸ. .
(154). . . . ㈐௵ࡢⓎ⏕. .
(155). . . . ேഃࡢ㈇ᢸࡢᠱᛕ. .
(156). . . . ᙺ❧࡚࡞࠸ࡁࡢ⨥ᝏឤ. .
(157). . . . ேࡢ㛵ಀᝏ. .
(158). . . . 㛫ⓗ࡞㈇ᢸ. .
(159). . . . ேࡀ㏫ୖࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡ. .
(160). . . . ▱㆑ࡸᢏ⾡ࢆᏛࡪᡭ㛫. .
(161). . . . ➨୕⪅ࡽࡢホ౯ࡢపୗ. .
(162). . . . Note. 6WU VWUHQJWK&O FORVQHVV%WZ EHWZHHQQHVVࡇࢀࡽࡢᣦᶆࡣ㸪]್ࡋ࡚ᶆ‽ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. 䇷㻌㻠㻣㻌䇷.
(163) 䝫䝇䝍䞊Ⓨ⾲䠍䠉㻣. ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗࢱࣉ⢭⚄ⓗᗣ㸪ほⓗ㐺ᛂࡢ㛵㐃 ۑబ⸨῟୍ 1 㸦1 ṊᗜᕝዪᏊᏛ㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗࢱࣉ㸪⢭⚄ⓗᗣ㸪ほⓗ㐺ᛂ ┠ ⓗ. ⤖ ᯝ ⪃ ᐹ. -XQJ㸦㸧ࡢࢱࣉㄽ࡛ࡣ㸪ᚰ⌮Ꮫࢱࣉࡣ౯್୰. JPTS GHQ28㸪㐺ᛂឤᑻᗘࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘࢆồࡵࡓ. ❧ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛㸪࠶ࡿࢱࣉヱᙜࡍࡿࡇࡀ㐺ᛂࡸ⢭. 㸦Table1 ཧ↷㸧 ࠋḟ㸪⌮ㄽୖࡢ୰Ⅼࢆᇶ‽ᚰ⌮Ꮫ. ⚄ⓗᗣࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪. ⓗࢱࣉࢆ㢮ᆺࡋ᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸦Sato, 2017㸧 㸪. ᅜእࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡽࡣ㸪ෆྥᛶࡣᢚ࠺ࡘࡢ㛵㐃ࡀ♧. ୍⯡ែᗘูࡢࡳ᭷ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋෆྥࢱࣉࡣእ. ၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦-DQRZVN\ 0\HUV 0F&DXOOH\. ྥ ࢱ ࣉ ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ GHQ య ᚓ Ⅼ ࡀ ᭷ ព 㧗 ࡃ. 㸧 ࠋᅜෆ࡛ࡣࢱࣉㄽࡢࠕእྥෆྥࠖ ᅉᏊࣔ. 㸪㐺ᛂឤྜィᚓⅬ࡛᭷ពప 㸦t(157)=2.35㸪p<.05㸧. ࢹࣝࡢ⚄⤒ഴྥࡢ㛫㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸦బ. ࠋ ࡗࡓ㸦t(175)=4.80㸪p<.01㸧. ⸨㸪㸧 㸪⢭⚄⌮ࡋ࡚ࡢ⚄⤒ഴྥࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋ. Table 1. ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⏕࠾ࡅࡿᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗࢱࣉࡀࡢࡼ࠺. JPTS GHQ28㸪㟷ᖺᮇ⏝㐺ᛂឤᑻᗘࡢ┦㛵. ⢭⚄ⓗᗣࡸ㐺ᛂ≧ែᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ. JPTS 㻌. ᪉ ἲ. E-I. 㻌. T-F. S-N. 㻌. 㻌. GHQ28 N=165) (. ㉁ၥ⣬
(164) -376 Jung Psychological Types Scale; JPTS; బ⸨, 2005
(165) ࠕእྥíෆྥࠖ 㸦([WUDYHUVLRQ,QWURYHUVLRQ(,㸧 㡯┠ᑐ㸪 ࠕᛮ⪃íឤࠖ 㸦7KLQNLQJ)HHOLQJ7)㸧 㡯┠ᑐ㸪 ࠕឤぬí┤ほࠖ 㸦6HQVDWLRQ,QWXLWLRQ61㸧 㡯┠ᑐ㸪ィ 㡯┠ᑐࢆ⏝ ࠸ࡓࠋᅇ⟅ᙧᘧࡣ㡯┠ᑐ㸦DE㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕD ࡲࡗࡓ. ㌟యⓗ≧. -.090. Ᏻ╀. -.214. ♫ⓗάື㞀ᐖ. -.149. .061. 0.11. ࠺ࡘഴྥ. -.199. *. .105. -.014. ྜィ. -.209. **. .033. .040. **. -.038. -.019. -.014. .050. Ꮫ⏝㐺ᛂឤ (N=180). ࡃᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࡽࠕE ࡲࡗࡓࡃᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࡲ࡛ࡢ. ᒃᚰᆅࡢⰋࡉ. .373. ***. -.287. ᴟᆺࡢ ௳ἲࠋ( ࡽ ,㸪7 ࡽ )㸪6 ࡽ 1 Ⅼ. ㄢ㢟࣭┠ⓗࡢᏑᅾ. .220. **. -.069. -.120. ࡽ Ⅼࢆ࠼ࡓࠋ
(166) ᪥ᮏ∧ *+4 㡯┠㸦୰ᕝ࣭. ⿕ಙ㢗࣭ཷᐜឤ. .462. ***. -.073. -.122. ᆓ㸪 㸧 ᚓⅬࡣࢦ࣮ࣝࢻࣂ࣮ࢢࡢ *+4 ἲ๎ࡗ࡚㸪. ᣄ⤯ឤࡢ↓ࡉ. .153. *. -.127. ᅇ⟅ࡀࠕࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠖ ࠕ࠶ࡲࡾ࡞ࡗࡓࠖሙྜࡣ Ⅼ㸪. 㻌 ྜィ. .400. ***. -.199. ࠕ࠶ࡗࡓࠖ ࠕࡓࡧࡓࡧ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡢሙྜ Ⅼࢆ࠼ࡓࠋ
(167) . ***. -.189. .095 **. -.128. p<.01, **p<.01, *p<.05. ***. 㟷ᖺ⏝㐺ᛂឤᑻᗘ㸦ஂಖ㸪㸧 ᒃᚰᆅࡢⰋࡉࡢ ឤぬ 㡯┠㸪⿕ಙ㢗࣭ཷᐜឤ 㡯┠㸪ㄢ㢟࣭┠ⓗࡢᏑ ᅾ 㡯┠㸪ᣄ⤯ឤࡢ↓ࡉ 㡯┠㸪ィ 㡯┠ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋ ᅇ⟅ᙧᘧࡣ㸪 ࠕࡃᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࡽࠕ࡞ࡾᙜ࡚ ࡣࡲࡿࠖࡲ࡛ࡢ ௳ἲࠋ ㄪᰝ༠ຊ⪅ࡣ JPTS GHQ28 ࡀዪᏊᏛ⏕ 165 ྡ 㸦ᖹᆒᖺ㱋 18.0 ṓ㸪SD0.86㸧JPTS-C 㟷ᖺ⏝㐺ᛂឤ. SD=0.79㸧 ࠋ ᑻᗘࡣዪᏊᏛ⏕180ྡ 㸦ᖹᆒᖺ㱋19.4ṓ㸪. ࢱࣉㄽࡢෆྥែᗘ⢭⚄⌮ࡋ࡚ࡢ⚄⤒ഴྥ 㛵㐃ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋෆ⏺ࢆ㔜どࡋᚰⓗ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀ ෆ⏺ὶࢀࡿࡇࡣ㸪⚄⤒ഴྥ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࡸࡍ࠸ഴ ྥࡀ࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࢱࣉㄽࡢእྥែᗘほ ⓗ㐺ᛂឤࡢ㛵㐃ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋእ⏺ࢆ㔜どࡋᚰⓗ࢚ ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀእ⏺ὶࢀࡿࡇࡣ㸪࿘ᅖࡸ⎔ቃࡢ㐺ྜ ឤࡸㄪᛶࢆឤࡌྲྀࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋ. ᚲせ࡞⌮ⓗ㓄៖ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪㞟ᅋἲࡼࡾᐇ ࡋࡓࠋ. 䇷㻌㻠㻤㻌䇷. 㸦SATO Junichi㸧. *.
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