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(1)Ꮉஈ. 䇷㻌㻟㻟㻌䇷.

(2) ኱఍‽ഛጤဨ఍௻⏬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮. ࢔࣮ࢺ࡜ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ Ɇᬑ㐢ࡢ࡞࠿ࡢಶᛶࡀࡘࡃࡾ㸪ᴦࡋࡴɆ ௻⏬⪅㸸⟄஭ள†㸦Ṋⶶ㔝⨾⾡኱Ꮫ㸧 ᪥ᮏࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ᚰ⌮Ꮫ఍➨ 28 ᅇ኱఍‽ഛጤဨ఍ ྖ఍⪅㸸ⲨᕝṌ㸦Ṋⶶ㔝⨾⾡኱Ꮫ㸧 ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸ᶓᆅ᪩࿴Ꮚ㸦ᮾிᮍ᮶኱Ꮫ㸧   ᒣᮏᑦᶞ㸦Ṋⶶ㔝⨾⾡኱Ꮫ㸪❧ᩍ኱Ꮫ㸧   ᐑୗ㐩ဢ㸦᪥ᮏ኱Ꮫ㸧 ⟄஭ள†㸦Ṋⶶ㔝⨾⾡኱Ꮫ㸧 ᣦᐃウㄽ⪅㸸Ώ㑔ⰾஅ㸦ᖏᗈ␆⏘኱Ꮫ㸧   㛗㇂ᕝᩔኈ㸦Ṋⶶ㔝⨾⾡኱Ꮫ㸧 㸯㸬௻⏬୺᪨. ᛶㄽⓗ࡞どⅬ࡛ࡣ㸪ከᵝ࡞ಶᛶࢆ᭷㝈ࡢ≉ᛶࡢ⤌ࡳྜ.  ࢔࣮ࢺࡣࠊ⏕ࡸୡ⏺ࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ౯್ࡢ㏣ཬ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡋ. ࢃࡏ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠋ≉࡟సᐙࢆ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅ. ࠿ࡋྠ᫬࡟ࡑࡢ⾲⌧ࡣࠊ ࠕㄡ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾲⌧࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ. ࡿࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕࡜ࡋ࡚୺࡟᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠕ㛤. ⮬ศ࡞ࡾࡢ⾲⌧ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞┠ⓗ(⏕. ᨺᛶ㸦openness to experience㸧 ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ㸦e.g., Kaufman,. ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿୡ⏺࡟㐺ᛂࡍࡿ)࡜ಶูⓗ࡞┠ⓗ(ࡑࡢಶே࡞. Quilty, Grazioplene, Hirsh, Gray, Peterson, and. ࡾࡢ᪉ἲ࡛)ࡢ㐩ᡂ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊࡇࢀࡣࡲࡉ࡟ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼ. DeYoung, 2015)ࠋࡇࢀࡣዲወᚰࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡋࡓ⮬ࡽࡢ. ࣜࢸ࢕ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡜┤⤖ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ. እഃࡢୡ⏺࡬ࡢከ᪉㠃ⓗ࡞㛵ᚰࢆ≉ᚩ࡜ࡍࡿ≉ᛶ࡛࠶. ࠺ࠋ࢔࣮ࢺ࡜ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ᥋ྜࢆ⪃࠼ࡿሙ. ࡿࡀ㸪๰㐀ᛶ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡇࢀࡲ࡛㔜どࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠕᣑ. ྜࠊྛ᫬Ⅼ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ๰㐀࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡢ≧. ᩓⓗᛮ⪃ࠖ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡽ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛. ἣࡢᢕᥱ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊఫࡴୡ⏺ࡢ୰࡛ࡢࡑࡢ⇍㐩࡟ὀ┠. ࡁࡿࠋ☜࠿࡟సᐙ࡟ࡣከᵝ࡞࢔࢖ࢹ࢕࢔ࢆ⏕ࡳࡔࡍࡓ. ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ௻⏬࡛ࡣ⨾኱ฟ㌟࡛ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡟㌿ࡌ. ࡵ࡟⮬ࡽࡢእഃ࡟࠶ࡿ஦≀࣭஦㇟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⮬㌟ࢆ㛤ᨺ. ࡓ 2 ྡࢆྵࡴ㸲ྡࡢヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢⓎ⾲ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊࣃ࣮. ࡋ㸪ከᵝ࡞どⅬࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪୍᪉࡛ࡦ. ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⪅࡛࠶ࡿΏ㑔ⰾஅඛ⏕࡜ࠊṊⶶ㔝⨾. ࡜ࡘࡢ஦≀࣭஦㇟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚῝ࡃ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠕ཰᮰ⓗ. ⾡኱Ꮫ㐀ᙧᵓ᝿Ꮫ㒊ᩍᤵ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᰴᘧ఍♫ࢥࣥࢭࣥࢺ. ᛮ⪃ࠖࡶᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ཰᮰ⓗᛮ⪃࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿࣃ. ࡢ♫㛗࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㛗㇂ᕝᩔኈඛ⏕࡟ᣦᐃウㄽ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚㆟. ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࡣࠕෆྥᛶ㸦introversion)࡛ࠖ࠶ࢁ. ㄽ࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࢔࣮ࢺ࡜ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕. ࠺ࠋ. ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ࢔࣮ࢺ࡬ࡢᚰ⌮.  ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏሗ࿌࡛ࡣ≉࡟㛤ᨺᛶ௨እ࡟ෆྥᛶ࡟ࡶ↔Ⅼ. Ꮫⓗ᥈ồࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆᶍ⣴ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ. ࢆ࠶࡚㸪ᐇ㝿࡟⨾⾡ไసࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⩌࡜ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ ⩌࡜ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪సᐙ࡟≉᭷ࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕. 㸰㸬ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢせ᪨. ࢆ≉ᛶㄽⓗ࡞どⅬ࠿ࡽ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ. 㸰㸯సᐙࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸸≉ᛶㄽⓗどⅬ࠿ࡽ. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩. ᐑୗ㐩ဢ㸦᪥ᮏ኱Ꮫ㸧. Costa, P., & McCrae, R. (1992). NEO-PI-R: Revised. ⟄஭ள†㸦Ṋⶶ㔝⨾⾡኱Ꮫ㸧. NEO Personality Inventory (NEOPI-R). Odessa, Fl.: Psychological Assessment Resources..  ๰సάືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿసᐙࡢࠕಶᛶࠖࡣྛಶே࡟≉. Kaufman, S. B., Quilty, L. C., Grazioplene, R. G.,. ᭷ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࣅࢵࢢ. Hirsh, J. B., Gray, J. R., Peterson, J. B., &. ࣇ࢓࢖ࣈ㸦Costa & MaCrae, 1992㸧ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ≉. DeYoung, C. G. (2015). Openness to experience. 䇷㻌㻟㻠㻌䇷.

(3) ኱఍‽ഛጤဨ఍௻⏬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮. and intellect differentially predict creative. art-making: An analysis of artist̓s modification. achievements in the arts and sciences. Journal of. of. conditions. in. the. art. making. process.. Proceedings of the 41th Annual meeting of the. Personality, 82, 248-258.. Cognitive Science Society. ࢣࢺ࣮ࣞ㸦Quetelet, 1835 / 1968㸧 㸪ᖹ㈆⸝࣭ᒣᮧႛ㸦ヂ㸧. 㸰㸰ⱁ⾡ᐙ࡜ᚰ⌮Ꮫ㸸㐣ཤ㸪⌧ᅾ㸪ᮍ᮶. 㸦1948㸧 㸬ே㛫࡟ᑵ࠸࡚ ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ. ᶓᆅ᪩࿴Ꮚ㸦ᮾிᮍ᮶኱Ꮫ㸧 ⱁ⾡ᐙࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ◊✲࡟ࡣ㛗࠸Ṕྐࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㏆௦ ⤫ィᏛࡢ♽ Quetelet㸦1835㸧ࡀ㸪ᡙస⪅ࡢ⏕ᾭࡢసရ. 㸰㸱ಶᛶⓗ࡞ᮌᕤసရࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡘࡃࡽࢀࡿࡢ ࠿㸸㐠ືⓎ㐩◊✲ࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ ᒣᮏᑦᶞ㸦Ṋⶶ㔝⨾⾡኱Ꮫ㸪❧ᩍ኱Ꮫ㸧. ᩘ㸦⏕⏘ᛶ㸧ࡢኚ໬ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࡢࡀࡑࡢጞࡲࡾ࡜࠸ࢃ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪Cattell & Drevdahl㸦1955㸧࡞࡝ ࡀⱁ⾡ᐙࢆྵࡴ๰㐀ⓗ࡞ಶேࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡢゎ᫂. ஙඣ㐠ືⓎ㐩◊✲ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣ㸪ಶࠎࡢஙඣ࡟ぢࡽࢀ ࡿ㐠ືࡢࠕಶᛶࠖࡀ㐠ືࢫ࢟ࣝ⋓ᚓࡢ㝿࡟Ỵᐃⓗ࡟㔜. ࢆࡍࡍࡵ㸪ึᮇࡢ๰㐀ᛶ◊✲ࢆࡅࢇᘬࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪๰㐀ᛶࡢ◊✲ࡣ኱ࡲ࠿࡟ 4Ps㸦Person,. せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ 1990 ᖺྎ࡟ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ. Process, Press, and Product㸧ࢆᑐ㇟࡟㐍ࡵࡽࢀ㸪๰㐀. 㸦Thelen, & Smith, 1994㸧 ࠋ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ゝࢃ. ⓗ࡞ே≀ࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕࡜๰సࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࢆ. ࢀࡿࠕಶᛶࠖ࡜ࡣ㸪Ọ⥆ⓗ࡞୙ኚࡢ≉ᛶ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ኚ. ゎ᫂ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡸ㸪๰㐀ⓗ࡞⏕⏘ᛶ࡜እⓗ⎔ቃ press ࡢ. ␗ࡢᖜࢆࡶࡕ࡞ࡀࡽⓎ㐩ࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࡑࢀ⮬యኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸. 㛵ಀ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓ◊✲࡞࡝㸪4Ps ࢆಶูࡲࡓࡣ⤌ࡳ. ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᒣᮏ㸦2016㸧ࡣࡇࡢ⪃࠼ࡀᡂே. ྜࢃࡏ࡚◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࡣⱁ⾡ᐙࡽࢆᑐ㇟. ࡢ㐠ືࡢᚤどⓗⓎ⏕࡟ࡶጇᙜࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ࠺࠼. ࡜ࡋࡓ๰㐀ᛶ◊✲ࡣከࡃ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᚰ⌮ᏛࡢṔྐࡢὶࢀ. ࡛㸪Ⓨ㐩ࡢࠕಶᛶࠖࢆෆⓗせᅉࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪㌟యࢆྲྀ. ࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡿ࡜㸪ⱁ⾡ᐙࢆྵࡴ๰㐀ⓗಶேࡢ◊✲ࡀᵝࠎ. ࡾᅖࡴ⎔ቃࢆྵࡵ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ಶᛶࢆࡵࡄࡿୖ㏙ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆᅵྎ࡟ࡋࡘࡘ㸪ᮏⓎ⾲࡛. ࡞◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ࡢཎⅬ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ẽ࡙࠿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ௒ᅇࡣ㸪ⱁ⾡ᐙࡢ◊✲ࡀᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚ࡁࡓᜠ. ࡣᮌᕤసᐙࡢไసࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋලయⓗ. ᜨࢆ㸪㐣ཤ㸪⌧ᅾ㸪ᮍ᮶࡟ศࡅ࡚ヰ㢟ᥦ౪ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ. ࡟ࡣ㸪ࢁࡃࢁᤂࡁ࡜࠸࠺ྠࡌᮌᕤᢏἲࢆ⏝࠸࡞ࡀࡽ㸪. ≉࡟⌧ᅾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᶓᆅ࣭ᒸ⏣㸦2007㸪2019㸧࡞࡝. ࡑࢀࡒࢀ␗࡞ࡿస㢼ࢆᣢࡘ」ᩘྡࡢసᐙࢆᑐ㇟࡟㸪స. ࡀ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧௦⨾⾡ᐙࡢ๰㐀ⓗ⇍㐩ࡢ◊✲ࢆ⤂௓ࡋ. ᐙࡢᕤᡣ࡟࡚ไసࡢᵝᏊࢆ᧜ᙳࡋࡓᫎീ㈨ᩱࢆศᯒࡍ. ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ⱁ⾡ᐙࡢࠕಶᛶࠖ࡜ࡣ୍యఱ࡞ࡢ࠿㸪ⱁ⾡ᐙ. ࡿࠋᕤᡣ࡛ᐇ㝿࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㐨ලࡢ㐪࠸ࢆྵࡵ㸪. ࡢಶᛶࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ⓨ᥹ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸦ࡶࡋྍ. ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛ಶᛶⓗ࡞సရࡀࡘࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ. ⬟࡞ࡽ㸧ಶᛶࡢၥ㢟࡟ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏕ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ. ࡢ࠿㸪ぢ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ. ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⪃࠼ࢆࡵࡄࡽࡏ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ Thelen, E., & Smith, L. B. (1994). A dynamic. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ Cattell, R. B., & Drevdahl, J. E. (1955). A comparison of the personality profile (16PF) of eminent researchers with that of eminent. systems approach to the development of cognition and action. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ᒣᮏᑦᶞ㸦2016㸧 㸬ಶࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫ 㔠Ꮚ᭩ᡣ. teachers and administrators, and the general population. British Journal of psychology, 46, 248-261. ᶓᆅ᪩࿴Ꮚ࣭ᒸ⏣⊛㸦2007㸧 㸬⌧௦ⱁ⾡ᐙࡢ๰㐀ⓗ⇍㐩 ࡢ㐣⛬㸬ㄆ▱⛉Ꮫ㸪14, 437-454㸬 Yokochi, S., & Okada, T. (2019, July). The process of. 䇷㻌㻟㻡㻌䇷.

(4) ጤဨ఍௻⏬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮. ♫఍ၥ㢟࡜ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕. ௻⏬⪅㸸᪥ᮏࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ᚰ⌮Ꮫ఍⤒ᖖⓗ◊✲஺ὶጤဨ఍ ྖ఍⪅㸸Ỉ㔝ྩᖹ㸦໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫ㸧 ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸୕⯪ᜏ⿱㸦㧗▱ᕤ⛉኱Ꮫ㸧 㸪ᰩ⏣Ꮨె㸦୕㔜኱Ꮫ㸧 㸪 ᅵ஭⌮⨾㸦ᮾி་⛉ṑ⛉኱Ꮫ㸧 ᣦᐃウㄽ⪅㸸໭ᮧⱥဢ㸦ᮾὒ኱Ꮫ㸧 㸯㸬௻⏬୺᪨.  ♫఍ⓗᨭ㓄ᚿྥᛶ࡜ࡣ㸪♫఍࡟㞟ᅋ༢఩ࡢ♫఍ᵓ㐀. 㞀ᐖ⪅ᕪูၥ㢟㸪እᅜே࡟ᑐࡍࡿၥ㢟 (࡬࢖ࢺࢫࣆ. ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮃࡴ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ (Pratto, Sidanius,. ࣮ࢳࢆྵࡴ)㸪ዪᛶ࡬ࡢᛶⓗຍᐖ㸪㈋ᅔ (Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ㈋ᅔ. Stallworth, & Malle, 1994)ࠋࡇࡢ≉ᛶࡀᙉ࠸࡯࡝ே. ࢆྵࡴ)࡞࡝㸪≉ᐃࡢᒓᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿேࠎࢆ࡜ࡾࡲࡃ♫఍. ✀࣭Ẹ᪘ࡸࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ᕪูⓗែᗘ࡞࡝ࡀᙉ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀሗ. ၥ㢟ࡀ㸪㏆ᖺᵝࠎ࡞࣓ࢹ࢕࢔࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟. ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (cf., Pratto et al., 1994)ࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ♫఍. ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ⓗᨭ㓄ᚿྥᛶࡣ㸪እᅜே୍⯡࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕಙ⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖ. ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡣ㸪♫఍ࡢᵓ㐀ⓗၥ㢟ࡢ཯࡛ᫎ࠶ࡿ୍. ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ែᗘࡸ㸪እᅜேᚷ㑊ែᗘ㸦౛㸸 ࠕ᪥. ᪉㸪♫఍ࡢᡂဨ㸯ே㸯ேࡢಶேᕪ࡜ࡶ῝ࡃ㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢ. ᮏ࡟ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏேࡔࡅࡀఫࡴ࡭ࡁࡔࠖ 㸧 㸪ᅾ᪥ᮅ㩭ே࡟ᑐ. ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ≉ᐃࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ഴྥࡀᕪูࡸ೫. ࡍࡿᕪูⓗែᗘ࡜ṇ┦㛵ࡍࡿ (୕⯪࣭ᶓ⏣, 2018)ࠋࡲ. ぢࡢ⏕㉳࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋࡓࡾ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ♫఍ⓗ≧ἣ࡟᫹ࡉࢀ. ࡓ㏆ᖺ㸪♫఍ⓗᨭ㓄ᚿྥᛶࡣබṇୡ⏺ಙᛕ࡜ࡣ⊂❧࡟. ࡿ⤒㦂ࡀ㸪㏫࡟ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ᙧᡂ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ. ᕪูⓗែᗘ࡟ຠᯝࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ (୕⯪, ‽ഛ. ࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ. ୰)ࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪♫఍ⓗᨭ㓄ᚿྥᛶࡀࠕᕪูࢆཷࡅࡿࡢࡣ.  ᮏࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ♫఍ၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪. ⮬ᴗ⮬ᚓࡔࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓṇᙜ໬ࡢಙᛕࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪. ಶேᕪࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ㆟ㄽࢆ⾜࠺ࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᇶ♏◊✲. ♫఍㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࢆ⥔ᣢ࣭⫯ᐃࡍࡿഴྥࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡋ࡚ᕪ. ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ♫఍ⓗᨭ㓄ᚿྥᛶࠖࡢ▱ぢࢆ⤂௓ࡋ㸪ಶู㡿. ู࡜㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ (cf. Mifune,. ᇦࡢ◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㞀ᐖ࡜೫ぢ࠾ࡼࡧ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ㈋ᅔ㡿. Inamasu, Kohama, Ohtsubo, & Tago, 2019)ࠋ. ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ◊✲ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ  ࡇࢀࡽࡢᇶ♏ⓗ࣭ᛂ⏝ⓗ◊✲ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜ. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩. ࢸ࢕࣭ಶேᕪ◊✲ࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞▱ぢࡀᚓࡽࢀ. Mifune, N., Inamasu, K., Kohama, S., Ohtsubo, Y., &. ࡿࡢ࠿㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࢀࡤࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞♫఍ⓗၥ㢟ࡣప. Tago, A. (2019). Social dominance orientation as. ῶ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ. an obstacle to intergroup apology. PLoS ONE, 14, e0211379. ୕⯪ᜏ⿱࣭ᶓ⏣᫴኱ (2018). ♫఍ⓗᨭ㓄ᚿྥᛶ࡜እᅜ. 㸰㸬ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢせ᪨ 2.1.᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ♫఍ⓗᨭ㓄ᚿྥᛶ࡜ᕪูⓗែᗘ࡜ࡢ. ே࡟ᑐࡍࡿᨻ἞ⓗ࣭ᕪูⓗែᗘ㸸᪥ᮏேࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ ⏝࠸ࡓ┦㛵◊✲ ♫఍ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 34, 94-101.. 㛵㐃 ୕⯪ᜏ⿱㸦㧗▱ᕤ⛉኱Ꮫ㸧. Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B..  ♫఍ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ㯪᫂ᮇ࠿ࡽ㸪೫ぢࡸᕪู࡞࡝. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A. ࡢ㞟ᅋ㛫ⴱ⸨ၥ㢟࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ⌧ᅾඃໃ࡞ࡢࡣ. personality variable predicting social and political. ♫఍ⓗ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ◊✲࡞࡝㸪≧ἣ. attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social. せᅉ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ಶேᕪ≉ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠. Psychology, 67, 741-763.. ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࡀ♫఍ⓗᨭ㓄ᚿྥᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. 䇷㻌㻟㻢㻌䇷.

(5) ጤဨ఍௻⏬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮. 2.3. Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ㈋ᅔ࡜⮬ᕫ⫯ᐃឤࡢ㛵㐃. 2.2. 㞀ᐖ࡜ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࢆዴఱ࡟ᤊ࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿. ᅵ஭⌮⨾㸦ᮾி་⛉ṑ⛉኱Ꮫ㸧.  ᰩ⏣Ꮨె㸦୕㔜኱Ꮫ㸧 ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡀ㸪࠶ࡿேࡢᵝࠎ࡞ලయⓗ⾜ື࡟ඹ. ᪥ᮏࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ 7 ே࡟ 1 ேࡀ㈋ᅔ࡛࠶ࡾ (2015 ᖺ್)㸪. ㏻ࡋ࡚ぢฟࡉࢀࡿᏳᐃࡋࡓᚰ⌮ⓗഴྥࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡍ࡜. OECD ຍ┕ᅜࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡿ (OECD, 2017)ࠋ. ࡍࢀࡤ㸪㞀ᐖ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ≉ᛶ࡜ዴఱ࡟␗࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ. Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ㈋ᅔ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪೺ᗣ᱁ᕪࡸᏛຊ᱁ᕪ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀ. 㞀ᐖࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿࠕ▱ⓗ㞀ᐖࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ. ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (e.g., Nikulina et al., 2011)ࠋᏊ. ▱⬟ࡢపࡉ㸪 ࠕ⮬㛢ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛ⑕ (⮬㛢⑕ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣛ. ࡝ࡶࡢ㈋ᅔ࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ㍍ῶࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪බⓗᡭᙜࡔ. ࣒)ࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࡔࢃࡾࡸᖖྠ⾜ື㸪♫఍ⓗ┦஫స. ࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶ㣗ᇽ㸪Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡢᮅ㣗ᥦ౪㸪↓ᩱࡢ. ⏝࡜࠸ࡗࡓ≉ᚩࡀᐃ⩏ࡢせ௳࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ (ࡓࡔࡋ㸪. Ꮫ⩦ሿ࡞࡝ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ⮬἞య࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪. ࡑࢀࡢࡳ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸)ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ༢⊂ࡢ≉ᛶࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ. ࡑࢀࡽࡢᨭ᥼ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠕ㈋ᅔࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࣞࢵࢸ. ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ㝈ࡾ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕࡜ࡶ. ࣝࢆ㈞ࡽࢀ㸪ᕪูࡸ೫ぢࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᠱ. ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪 ࠕ㞀ᐖࡣಶᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞㸪. ᛕࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. 㞀ᐖࡢ౯್㌿᥮ࢆヨࡳࡿゝㄽ࡞࡝ࡶ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ㞀. ⮬἞య࡟ࡼࡿ㈋ᅔᑐ⟇࡟ຍ࠼㸪2014 ᖺ࡟ไᐃࡉࢀࡓ. ᐖಶᛶㄽࡣ㸪㞀ᐖࢆࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡢ୍㒊࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡶ. ࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ㈋ᅔᑐ⟇࡟㛵ࡍ኱⥘ࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ. ࠺࡜ࡋࡓㄽ࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ. ㈋ᅔࡢᐇែ➼ࢆᢕᥱ࣭ศᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ࡀ᥎㐍. ࡇࢀࡽࡢゝㄽࡀ (ᙜ᫬)ὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵࡓࡇ࡜࡟⾲ࢀ࡚࠸. ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ㈋ᅔ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪. ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡲࡓࠕࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㞀ᐖࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀ. ㈋ᅔ≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡢᐙᗞ≧ἣ (౛࠼ࡤ㸪ぶࡢ. Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪୍⯡࡟ࡣ㸪㞀ᐖ࡜ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡣ. ⢭⚄ⓗ೺ᗣ≧ἣ㸪ぶᏊࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࡞࡝)ࡸᐙᗞ௨እࡢ⎔ቃ. ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒᪥࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪. (౛࠼ࡤ㸪཭ே㛵ಀ㸪ࢧ࣮ࢻࣉࣞ࢖ࢫ࡞࡝)ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞. ASD ࡸ ADHD ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞㞀ᐖ⪅࡜ᐃᆺⓎ㐩⪅. ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᮏヰ㢟ᥦ౪࡛ࡣ㸪ᮾி㒔㊊❧༊࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ. ࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (౛. ࡓࠕ㊊❧༊Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ೺ᗣ࣭⏕άᐇែㄪᰝࠖࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ. ࠼ࡤ Schriber, Robins, & Solomo, 2014)ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞. ⏝࠸࡚㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ㈋ᅔ࠿ࡽప࠸⮬ᕫ⫯ᐃឤ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛. 㞀ᐖ࡜ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࢆูࡢࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿሙྜ. ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡍࡿ (Doi et al., 2019)ࠋࡲ. ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ≉ᛶࡣࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡢ୍㒊࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑ. ࡓ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ㈋ᅔ࡟ࡼࡿᝏᙳ㡪ࢆప. ࢀࡶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕࡟ඛ❧ࡘ㸪ୖ఩ࡢᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜. ῶࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞ᨭ᥼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゐࢀࡿࠋ. ࡀࡳ࡚࡜ࢀࡿࠋ 㞀ᐖࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᮏ㉁ⓗ࡞㸪ඃඛⓗ࡞࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ࡜ ࡋ࡚ㄆ▱ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ᕪูࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ Doi, S., Fujiwara, T., Isumi, A., & Ochi, M. (2019).. ᝿ീࡉࢀࡿࠋᐇ㝿㸪 ࠕ㞀ᐖࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ࡉࢀࡿேࡓࡕࡣ㸪. Pathway of the association between child poverty. 㞀ᐖ࡟ࡲࡎὀ┠ࡉࢀ㸪௚⪅࠿ࡽุ᩿ࡉࢀ㸪ᮏேࡢពᛮ. and. ࡀ஧ࡢḟ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆ⊃ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞. population-based study of adolescents in Japan.. low. se-f-esteem:. Results. from. a. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 937.. ࠸ࠋࡇࡢㄆ▱ࡇࡑ㸪೫ぢ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡔ࡜ࡍࢀࡤ㸪 ᕪูࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼ࡿㄆ㆑ᯟ⤌ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㞀ᐖ࡜ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼ. Nikulina, V., Widom, C. S., & Czaja, S. (2011). The. ࣜࢸ࢕ࢆ࠸࠿࡟ᩚ⌮ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋᮏࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࢘. role of childhood neglect and childhood poverty in. ࣒࡛㆟ㄽࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ. predicting mental health, academic achievement and crime in adulthood. American journal of. community psychology, 48(3-4), 309-321.. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ Schriber, R. A., Robins, R. W., & Solomo, M., (2014). Personality and self-insight in individuals with. OECD. (2017).. Publishing.. Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Personality. and Social Psychology, 106, 112–130.. 䇷㻌㻟㻣㻌䇷. Child. poverty.. Paris:. OECD.

(6) ఍ဨ௻⏬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䠍. ඛᘏࡤࡋ࡜ࡣఱ࠿ ʊ≉ᛶ࡜୙㐺ᛂᛶ࠿ࡽ⪃࠼࡞࠾ࡍʊ ௻⏬⪅㸸ᑠ὾ 㥴㸦Ᏹ㒔ᐑඹ࿴኱Ꮫࢩࢸ࢕ࣛ࢖ࣇᏛ㒊㸧 ྖ఍⪅㸸ᑠ὾ 㥴 ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸ᯘ ₶୍㑻㸦ᡂ㋣኱Ꮫ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊࣭Ꮫ⏕┦ㄯᐊ㸧 㸪㯮ఫ ᕊ㸦⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ே 㛫⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉㸧 㸪ྜྷ⏣ ᜨ⌮㸦኱ぢᒣࢡࣜࢽࢵࢡ࣭⪷ᚰዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸧 ᣦᐃウㄽ⪅㸸ᑠ὾ 㥴 㸯㸬௻⏬୺᪨. 䛺䜛䛾䛛䠅䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛸䛭䛾๓ᚋ䛾. 㻌 ඛᘏ䜀䛧 SURFUDVWLQDWLRQ

(7) 䛿䠈ゝⴥ䛾㏻䜚䛂ඛ䛻ᘏ䜀. ㄆ▱䛸䛾㛵㐃ᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾䝥䝻䝉䝇䝰䝕䝹䜢ᵓ⠏䛧䠈㉁. 䛩䛃⾜ືⓗ⌧㇟䛷䛒䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䠈⌧㇟䛭䛾䜒䛾䜘䜚䛿ಶே. ၥ⣬ᑻᗘ䜢⏝䛔䛶ホ౯䠈᳨ド䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛 ౛䠖ᯘ. ≉ᛶ䛸䛧䛶᳨ウ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜ከ䛛䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䛿䠈἞⒪䜢୺. 

(8) 䚹. 䛺┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛶䛝䛯◊✲ᙜึ䛾ᩥ⬦䛻⏤᮶䛩䜛䚹䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈. ᚓ䜙䜜䛯▱ぢ䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈౛䛘䜀䠈 

(9) ᏶඲୺⩏⪅䛜ඛᘏ. 䛔䛴䜒ඛᘏ䜀䛧䜢䛧䛶Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼䜔⢭⚄ⓗ೺ᗣ䛻ᝏᙳ㡪. 䜀䛧䜢䛧䛶䛧䜎䛖ሙྜ䛾ᛮ⪃䝥䝻䝉䝇䠄䛚䜘䜃䠈䛧䛺䛔䛷. 䜢୚䛘䜛ಶே䜢䝇䜽䝸䞊䝙䞁䜾䛩䜛ᡭẁ䛸䛧䛶䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧. ῭䜐ሙྜ䛾ᛮ⪃䝥䝻䝉䝇䠅䜔䠈 

(10) ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾ᣢ䛴୙㐺. 䜢䛧䜔䛩䛔ᛶ᱁䛜 ᐃ䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯䚹. ᛂⓗᙳ㡪䛿䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛭䜜⮬య䛾㢖ᗘ䜘䜚䜒ඛᘏ䜀䛧ᚋ. ಶே≉ᛶ䛸䛧䛶ඛᘏ䜀䛧䜢ᤊ䛘䜛䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛿ㄪᰝ◊ ✲䛸䛾┦ᛶ䛜Ⰻ䛟䠈ከ䛟䛾ᛶ᱁≉ᛶ䛸ඛᘏ䜀䛧≉ᛶ䛸䛾. 䛾ᛮ⪃ෆᐜ䛾㐪䛔䛻䜘䛳䛶ㄝ᫂䠄ㄪᩚ䠅䛥䜜䛖䜛䛣䛸䠈➼ 䜢⤂௓䛩䜛䚹. 㛵㐃䛜᳨ウ䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯䛜䠈䛣䛖䛧䛯ඛᘏ䜀䛧◊✲䛾⌧≧. ᮏ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䛾㊃᪨䛸↷䜙䛧ྜ䜟䛫䜛䛸䠈 

(11) ඛᘏ䜀. 䛿䠈䛔䛥䛥䛛୰㏵༙➃䛺䜒䛾䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹䛺䛬䛺䜙䠈἞⒪䛾. 䛧䛾ᣢ䛴ᙳ㡪ᛶ䛻䛚䛡䜛୙㐺ᛂᛶ⌮ゎ䛾㔜せᛶ䠄᭷⏝. 䛯䜑䛾䝇䜽䝸䞊䝙䞁䜾䛸䛧䛶≉ᛶⓗ᳨ウ䜢⾜䛖䛸䛔䛖ᙜึ. ᛶ䠅䛸䛭䛾୙㊊Ⅼ䠄㝈⏺䠅䠈 

(12) ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾ಶேᕪ䜢 ᐃ. 䛾┠ⓗ䛻❧䛶䜀䠈ㄪᰝ◊✲䛻ഴಽ䛧䛩䛞䛷䛒䜛䛸ゝ䛘䠈. 䛩䜛ᑻᗘ䜢⏝䛔䛯䝥䝻䝉䝇◊✲䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䠄᭷⏝ᛶ䠅䛸䛭. ⌧㇟⌮ゎ䛾䛯䜑䛾◊✲䜢䛩䜛䛖䛘䛷䛿䛂ඛ䛻ᘏ䜀䛩䛃⾜. 䛾㝈⏺䠈 

(13) ◊✲┠ⓗ䛻ྜ䜟䛫䛯ᑻᗘ㑅ᢥ䛾ᚲせᛶ䜔. ືⓗ⌧㇟䛻ᑐ䛩䜛᳨ウ䛜ஈ䛧䛔䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䚹. 䛭䛾㝿䛾␃ពⅬ䠈䛺䛹䜢㆟ㄽ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾ᮦᩱ䛻䛺䜜䜀䛸. 䛭䛣䛷䠈ᨵ䜑䛶䛂ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛸䛿ఱ䛛䛃䛸䛔䛖ၥ䛔䛛䜙䠈⌧. ⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䚹. ㇟䜢≉ᛶⓗ䛻⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䛾฼Ⅼ䛸㝈⏺䛻䛴䛔䛶䝟䞊䝋䝘  䇾ඛᘏ䜀䛧୰䇿䛾୙㐺ᛂ䛻㛵䛩䜛᳨ウʊ㐍ᤖ≧ἣ䛾. 䝸䝔䜱◊✲䛾ᑓ㛛ᐙ䛷䛒䜛఍ဨ䛾ⓙᵝ䛸⪃䛘䛶䜏䛯䛔䚹. 䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾䛛䜙䛾ゎ㔘ʊ 㸰㸬ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢせ᪨. 㯮ఫ ᕊ䠄⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ே㛫⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉䠅.  ㉁ၥ⣬䜢⏝䛔䛯ඛᘏ䜀䛧◊✲䛾ᐇ౛㻌 ʊ୙㐺ᛂᛶ 䛚䜘䜃ඛᘏ䜀䛧๓ᚋ䛾ㄆ▱䝥䝻䝉䝇䛻╔┠䛧䛯᳨ウʊ. ㏆ᖺ䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䜢๓䞉୰䞉ᚋ䛸䛔䛖᫬⣔ิ䛾୰䛷ᤊ䛘䛯 ໟᣓⓗ䛺᳨ド ᑠ὾䠈

(14) 䛻䜘䜚䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛸ㄢ㢟㐩ᡂ. ᯘ ₶୍㑻䠄ᡂ㋣኱Ꮫ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊䞉Ꮫ⏕┦ㄯᐊ䠅. 䛻㛵䛩䜛୙㐺ᛂᛶ䠄䜔㐺ᛂᛶ䠅䛾ᩚ⌮䛜㐍䜣䛷䛔䜛䚹䛯. ᮏヰ㢟ᥦ౪䛷䛿䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾୙㐺ᛂᛶ䜢⌮ゎ䛩䜛䛯. 䛸䛘䜀䠈䇾ඛᘏ䜀䛧๓䇿ẁ㝵䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䜢ᘬ䛝. 䜑䛻ᐇ᪋䛧䛶䛝䛯୍㐃䛾◊✲䜢ሗ࿌䛩䜛䚹ලయⓗ䛻䛿䠈. ㉳䛣䛩せᅉ HJ3DUN 6SHUOLQJ 6WHHO ụᮧ. ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾ಶேᕪ䜢 ᐃ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾㉁ၥ⣬ᑻᗘ䜢సᡂ. ヂ 

(15) 䜔䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾ຠᯝ䜢୙㐺ᛂⓗ䛺䜒䛾䜈ㄪᩚ. 䛧䛯ୖ䛷 ᯘ 

(16) 䠈 

(17) ඛᘏ䜀䛧๓䛾ㄆ▱䠄䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᛮ. 䛩䜛せᅉ ᑠ὾䠈

(18) 䛺䛹䛜᳨ウ䛥䜜䠈䇾ඛᘏ䜀䛧ᚋ䇿ẁ. ⪃䝥䝻䝉䝇䛜ඛᘏ䜀䛧䜢ຓ㛗䠄䜒䛧䛟䛿ᢚไ䠅䛩䜛䛾䛛䠅䠈. 㝵䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛜ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛩୙㐺ᛂⓗ䛺ᖐ⤖. 䛚䜘䜃䠈 

(19) ඛᘏ䜀䛧ᚋ䛾ㄆ▱䠄ඛᘏ䜀䛧ᚋ䛻䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺. HJ ᯘ  ᑠ὾ 

(20) 䛺䛹䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯䚹. ᛮ⪃䝥䝻䝉䝇䛜క䛖䛣䛸䛷୙㐺ᛂⓗ䛺ᙳ㡪䜢ᣢ䛴䜘䛖䛻. 㻌 㻌 ୍᪉䛷䠈䇾ඛᘏ䜀䛧୰䇿ẁ㝵䛾୙㐺ᛂᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈. 䇷㻌㻟㻤㻌䇷.

(21) ఍ဨ௻⏬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䠍. ༑ศ䛻ᩚ⌮䛥䜜䛶䛣䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧᪥ᖖ䜢㢳䜏䜛䛸䠈⥾. ᮏ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䛷䛿䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧⾜ື䜔ពḧపୗ䜢୺. 䜑ษ䜚䜎䛷༑ศ᫬㛫䛜䛒䜛䛸ุ᩿䛧䛶ㄢ㢟䜢ඛᘏ䜀䛧䠈. ッ䛸䛧䛶་⒪ᶵ㛵䛻᮶ㄯ䛧䛯䜽䝷䜲䜶䞁䝖䛻ᑐ䛧䛶⾜䛳䛯. ⤖ᯝⓗ䛻᫬㛫䜢☜ಖ䛷䛝䛺䛟䛺䜛ሙྜ䜒ከ䛟䛒䜛䚹䜎䛯䠈. ௓ධ䛾୍౛䜢⤂௓䛩䜛䚹ඛᘏ䜀䛧䜢≉ᛶ䛸䛧䛶ᤊ䛘䜛䛣. 䛂䜔䜙䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛸ᛮ䛔䛺䛜䜙䜒䠈୍᫬ⓗ䛻ㄢ㢟䜢. 䛸䠈≉䛻୍ḟඖⓗ䛺≉ᛶ䛸䛧䛶ᤊ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛾㝈⏺䛻䛴䛔. ඛ㏦䜚䛻䛧䛯䜚௚䛾䛣䛸䜢䛧䛯䜚䛩䜛䛃య㦂䛸䛧䛶䠈ከ䛟䛾ඛ. 䛶䠈◊✲䜢⮫ᗋሙ㠃䛻ά䛛䛩䛸䛔䛖ほⅬ䛛䜙ウㄽ䛧䛯. ᘏ䜀䛧య㦂䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛⫼ᬒ ᑠ὾  㯮ఫ䞉እ. 䛔䚹. ᒣ 

(22) 䛛䜙䛿䠈⮬㌟䛾ㄢ㢟㐙⾜䛜୙㐺ษ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢 ⮬ぬ䛧䛶䛔䜛ᐇែ䛜♧䛥䜜䜛䚹䛣䜜䜙䛜䛔䜟䜀䇾ඛᘏ䜀䛧. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩. ୰䇿䛾୙㐺ᛂᛶ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛘䜛䛜䠈D

(23) ⮬㌟䛾ㄢ㢟㐙⾜䛻. &KX + & &  &KRL - 1 

(24)  5HWKLQNLQJ. 䛚䛡䜛㐍ᤖ≧ἣ䜢ṇ☜䛻ᢕᥱ䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䠈E

(25) 㐍ᤖ䛻ᑐ䛧. SURFUDVWLQDWLRQ3RVLWLYH HIIHFWVRI ³DFWLYH´SURFUDVWLQDWLRQ. 䛶㐺ษ䛺ᑐฎ䛸䜙䛺䛔䠈䛸䛔䛖  䛴䛾ᚰⓗ䛺ാ䛝䛻㉳ᅉ. EHKDYLRU RQ DWWLWXGHV DQG SHUIRUPDQFH The Journal of. 䛩䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䛘䜛䚹. Social Psychology 145. 䛭䛣䛷ᮏヰ㢟ᥦ౪䛷䛿䠈┠ᶆ䛾㐍ᤖ≧ἣ䜢ᢕᥱ䛩䜛. ᯘ₶୍㑻 

(26)  *HQHUDO 3URFUDVWLQDWLRQ 6FDOH ᪥ᮏㄒ∧. ാ䛝䛷䛒䜛䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾 0RQLWRULQJ

(27) 䛸䠈ᢕᥱ䛧䛯㐍ᤖ≧. 䛾సᡂ䛾ヨ䜏ʊʊඛᘏ䜀䛧䜢 ᐃ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻 䝟䞊䝋. ἣ䜈䛾 䇾 ୙㐺ᛂⓗ䛺 䇿 ᑐฎ䛷䛒䜛㜵⾨ⓗ᝟ሗฎ⌮. 䝘䝸䝔䜱◊✲ 15. 'HIHQVLYH LQIRUPDWLRQ SURFHVVLQJ 5XWWDQ  1RUGJUHQ. ᯘ₶୍㑻 

(28)  ඛᘏ䜀䛧ᚋ䛾ᛮ⪃ෆᐜ䛸ឤ᝟䛾 㛵㐃. 

(29) 䛸䛔䛖䠈 䛴䛾ᚰⓗ䛺ാ䛝䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲ሗ࿌䜢ᴫほ. 䇷ඛᘏ䜀䛧ഴྥ䛻╔┠䛧 䛶 䇷 ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲ 79. 䛩䜛䚹䛥䜙䛻䠈୧㡿ᇦ䛸ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾⌮ㄽⓗ⤫ྜ䛜ྍ⬟䛷. . 䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢♧၀䛩䜛ᐇド䝕䞊䝍䜢♧䛧䛺䛜䜙䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧୰ 䛾୙㐺ᛂᛶ䛸䛔䛖᪂䛯䛺どⅬ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈ⓙᵝ䛸ඹ᭷䛷䛝. ᑠ὾㻌 㥴 

(30) 㻌 ඛᘏ䜀䛧㐣⛬䛷⮬ぬ䛥䜜䜛ㄆ▱䛚䜘䜃 ឤ᝟ኚ໬䛾᳨ウ㻌 ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲䠈䠈 ᑠ὾㻌 㥴 

(31) 㻌 ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾ᚰ⌮㐣⛬㻌 㧗ᶫᑦஓ䞉Ᏹ஭. 䜜䜀䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䚹. ⨾௦Ꮚ䞉⏿୰⨾✑䠄⦅䠅㻌 ᯇ஭㇏䠄┘䠅㻌 ♫఍䛻䛝䜚䛣䜐  ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛻ᑐ䛩䜛௓ධ䛾᳨ウ ʊㄆ▱ᶵ⬟䛾 ᐃ. ᚰ⌮Ꮫʊʊ䝕䞊䝍໬䛜↷䜙䛧ฟ䛩♫఍⌧㇟ʊʊ㻌 SS㻌 䝃䜲䜶䞁䝇♫. 䛚䜘䜃⬟ືⓗඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾ά⏝ʊ ྜྷ⏣ ᜨ⌮䠄኱ぢᒣ䜽䝸䝙䝑䜽䞉⪷ᚰዪᏊ኱Ꮫ䠅. 㯮ఫ㻌 ᕊ䞉እᒣ㻌 ⨾ᶞ 

(32) 㻌 ඛᘏ䜀䛧ᚋ䛾ព㆑䛻ᑐ䛧. ᮏヰ㢟ᥦ౪䛷䛿䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾㐺ᛂⓗ䛺ഃ㠃䛻䛴䛔䛶. 䛶³≉ᛶ´䛜䜒䛯䜙䛩ຠᯝ䛾᳨ウʊʊ㛵ᮾ┴ෆ䛾኱Ꮫ. ⤂௓䛩䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈ᐇ㝿䛻ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛻䜘䜛୙㐺ᛂ䜢ッ䛘. ⏕䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛻䜘䜛䝛䜺䝔䜱䝤䛺ᙳ㡪䛾ᐇែㄪ. 䛯䜽䝷䜲䜶䞁䝖䛻ᑐ䛩䜛௓ධ䛻䛴䛔䛶஦౛ሗ࿌䜢⾜䛖䚹. ᰝʊʊ㻌 ⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲ 53 䠉. ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛿ᢚ䛖䛴䜔୙Ᏻ➼䛾୙㐺ᛂⓗ䛺ഃ㠃䛸㛵㐃. 3DUN 6 :  6SHUOLQJ 5 $ 

(33)  $FDGHPLF. 䛜 ከ 䛟 ᳨ ウ 䛥 䜜 䛶 䛔 䜛 ୍ ᪉ 䛷 䠈 ㏆ ᖺ 䛷 䛿 &KX . SURFUDVWLQDWRUV DQG WKHLU VHOIUHJXODWLRQ 3V\FKRORJ\ . &KRL 

(34) 䛾 ᥦ ၐ 䛧 䛯 䛂 ⬟ ື ⓗ ඛ ᘏ 䜀 䛧 DFWLYH. . SURFUDVWLQDWLRQ

(35) 䛃䛺䛹ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾ᣢ䛴㐺ᛂⓗ䛺ഃ㠃䜢ᙉ. 5XWWDQ5/ 1RUGJUHQ/) 

(36) 7KHVWUHQJWKWRIDFH. ㄪ䛧䛶䛔䜛❧ሙ䛾◊✲䜒䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䜎䛯䠈ඛᘏ䜀䛧⾜. WKH IDFWV 6HOIUHJXODWLRQ GHIHQGV DJDLQVW GHIHQVLYH. ື䜢⾜䛖᫬䠈ಶே䛾ᣢ䛴ㄆ▱ᶵ⬟ 䝯䝍ㄆ▱⬟ຊ䜔ᒎᮃ. LQIRUPDWLRQ SURFHVVLQJ Organizational Behavior and. ⓗグ᠈⬟ຊ

(37) 䛾㧗ప䛜ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛾⤖ᯝ䛸䛧䛶䛾㐺ᛂᛶ䛻 ᙳ㡪䜢ཬ䜌䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜♧䛥䜜䛯 ྜྷ⏣ 

(38) 䚹䛴䜎䜚䠈. Human Decision Processes 137 6WHHO3 

(39) 7KHSURFUDVWLQDWLRQ HTXDWLRQ 2QWDULR7KH. ඛᘏ䜀䛧䛻㛵㐃䛩䜛ㅖၥ㢟䜈䛾䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈ඛ. &RRNH$JHQF\. ᘏ䜀䛧䜢୙㐺ᛂⓗ䛺≉ᛶ䛸䛧䛶୍ඖⓗ䛻ᤊ䛘䛯ୖ䛷ඛ. 䠄䝇䝔䜱䞊䝹䠈3䠊ụᮧ༓⛅䠄⩻ヂ䠅 

(40)  䝠䝖䛿䛺䛬ඛ. ᘏ䜀䛧⾜ື䛾༢⣧䛺㢖ᗘ䛾పῶ䜢ಁ䛩䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䠈ಶ. ᘏ䜀䛧䜢䛧䛶䛧䜎䛖䛾䛛㻌 㜰ᛴ䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䝈䠅. ே䛾ᣢ䛴ㄆ▱ᶵ⬟䜔䝟䞊䝋䝘䝸䝔䜱≉ᛶ䜢ඖ䛻௓ධ᪉. ྜྷ⏣ᜨ⌮ 

(41)  ⮬ᕫไᚚ⬟ຊ䛜ඛᘏ䜀䛧⾜ື䛻ཬ䜌. ἲ䜢ኚ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛾ᚲせᛶ䛜᫂䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛯䚹. 䛩ᙳ㡪 ⪷ᚰዪᏊ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ㄽ㞟 38 . 䇷㻌㻟㻥㻌䇷.

(42) ఍ဨ௻⏬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䠎. ♫఍ၥ㢟࡟ᣮࡴ⾜ື㑇ఏᏛ. ௻. ⏬ 㸸 ᕝᮏဴஓ Ᏻ⸨ᑑᗣ ྖ ఍ 㸸 ᕝᮏဴஓ ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅㸸 ᕝᮏဴஓ ᩜᓥ༓㭯 Ᏻ⸨ᑑᗣ. ᮾி኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉

(43) (៞᠕⩏ሿ኱ᏛᩥᏛ㒊) ᮾி኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉

(44) ᮾி኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉

(45) ᖇி኱ᏛᩥᏛ㒊ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⛉

(46) (៞᠕⩏ሿ኱ᏛᩥᏛ㒊). 㸯㸬௻⏬୺᪨. ᨻ἞࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰ࣭㛵୚ࡢಶேᕪࡣ㸪┦ຍⓗ㑇ఏせᅉ. ཮⏕ඣἲࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ⾜ື㑇ఏᏛ◊✲ࡣ㸪▱⬟ࡸ. ࡜㠀ඹ᭷⎔ቃ࡟ຍ࠼㸪ඹ᭷⎔ቃࡶᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉ. ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ࡞࡝ࡢ✀ࠎࡢಶேᕪኚᩘ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍ. ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ .RUQDGWHWDO

(47) ࠋඣ❺ᮇ࣭㟷ᖺᮇ࡟࠾ࡅ. ࡿ㑇ఏせᅉ࡜⎔ቃせᅉࡢᐤ୚ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚. ࡿᨻ἞ⓗ㛵ᚰࡢⓎ㐩࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪♫఍. ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚௒࡞࠾㸪⾜ື㑇ఏᏛⓗᡭἲࡣ♫఍⛉Ꮫ࡟. 㐠ືࡸ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔άື࡬ࡢཧຍ âHUHN HW DO 

(48). ࠾࠸࡚ᩘከࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ㸪♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᱁ᕪࡸ㈋ᅔ㸪㐨. ࡸᨻ἞ⓗ᝟ሗ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ⾜ື $UHQV  :DWHUPDQQ . ᚨ࣭฼௚ᛶ㸪ᨻ἞⾜ື࡟㛵ࢃࡿࢩࢸ࢕ࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉ㸪♫. 0RHOOHU HW DO 

(49) 㸪㣴⫱⪅ࡢᨻ἞ཧຍ࡬ࡢែᗘ. ఍ⓗែᗘ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸪♫఍⛉Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟࡟ᑐ. &LFRJQDQL HW DO 

(50) ࡞࡝ࡀᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ. ࡋ▱ぢࢆᥦ౪ࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡣ⾲⌧ᆺࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ. ៞᠕⩏ሿࡩࡓࡈ⾜ືⓎ㐩◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ. 㛵㐃ᛶࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪. ࠺࡞⌧௦♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿၥ㢟ࢆ㑇ఏせᅉ࡜⎔ቃせᅉ࠿ࡽ. ∗ぶ࡟ࡼࡿᏊ࡝ࡶ࡬ࡢ㣴⫱⾜ື࡜఍ヰ㔞࡟╔┠ࡋ㸪Ꮚ. ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍ࡭ࡃ㸪᪂ࡓ࡟ࠕᏛຊ࡜⏕ࡁࡿຊࡢࡩࡓࡈᐙ. ࡝ࡶࡢᨻ἞ⓗ㛵ᚰ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ㑇ఏ࡜⎔ቃࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ᳨. ᪘ㄪᰝࠖࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢㄪᰝࡣ㤳㒔ᅪࡩࡓࡈࣉࣟࢪ. ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ. ࢙ࢡࢺ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡩࡓࡈࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ㐩࡜ࡑࡢ୧ぶࢆᑐ㇟. ༢ኚ㔞㑇ఏศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪∗ぶ࡟ࡼࡿ㣴⫱⾜ືࡣඹ᭷. ࡜ࡋ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶ㐩ࡢᏛຊ㸪࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡸ㐺ᛂឤ㸪. ⎔ቃ࡜㠀ඹ᭷⎔ቃ࡟ࡼࡾಶேᕪࡀࡍ࡭࡚ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ㸪㑇. ᨻ἞ⓗ㛵ᚰࡸ⏨ዪᖹ➼ព㆑㸪㣴⫱ᢞ㈨⾜ື࡞࡝ࢆ ᐃ. ఏせᅉ࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ∗ぶ࡜ࡢ఍ヰ㔞. ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏㄪᰝࡣ㸪ᚓࡽࢀࡓࡩࡓࡈᐙ᪘ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟. ࡜ᨻ἞ⓗ㛵ᚰ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪┦ຍⓗ㑇ఏせᅉ࡜ඹ᭷⎔ቃ㸪. ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪Ꮫຊࡸ♫఍ⓗែᗘࡢⓎ㐩࡜ࡑࡢ࢔࢘ࢺ࣒࢝㸪. 㠀ඹ᭷⎔ቃ࠿ࡽಶேᕪࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡓࠋࢥࣞࢫ࣮࢟ศゎ. ࡑࢀࡽ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ∗ぶ࡜ẕぶࡢ㣴⫱⾜ື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㑇. ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ୕ኚ㔞㑇ఏศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪∗ぶ࡟ࡼࡿ㣴. ఏせᅉ࡜⎔ቃせᅉࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡑࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿. ⫱⾜ື࠾ࡼࡧ఍ヰ㔞࡜㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢᨻ἞ⓗ㛵ᚰ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ. ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ⮬୺ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘. 㛵㐃ᛶࡣ㸪ඹ᭷⎔ቃ࡜㠀ඹ᭷⎔ቃ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ. ࡣ㸪 ᖺᗘᮎ  ᖺ ̾ ᭶

(51) ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓ࣮࣋ࢫࣛ. ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪∗ぶ࡟ࡼࡿ㣴⫱⾜ືࡸ∗. ࢖ࣥㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸪ᨻ἞ⓗ㛵ᚰ㸪Ꮫຊ㸪฼௚ᛶ. ぶ࡜ࡢ఍ヰࡀ㑇ఏせᅉ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ⎔ቃせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮚ࡝ࡶ. ࡜࠸࠺♫఍ⓗὀ┠ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ࢺࣆࢵࢡ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㑇ఏせ. ࡢᨻ἞ⓗ㛵ᚰࡢⓎ㐩࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ. ᅉ࡜⎔ቃせᅉࡢᐤ୚ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ. ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲ࡀ♧၀ࡍࡿᏊ࡝ࡶࡢᨻ἞ⓗ㛵. 㸰㸬ヰ㢟ᥦ౪⪅ࡢせ᪨. ᚰࡢⓎ㐩࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㣴⫱⪅ࡢᙺ๭ $UHQV  :DWHUPDQQ.  ∗ぶ࡟ࡼࡿ㣴⫱࡜Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢᨻ἞ⓗ㛵ᚰ. &LFRJQDQLHWDO

(52) ࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ. ᕝᮏဴஓ ᮾி኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉

(53) ᨻ἞࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡸ㛵୚ࡣ㸪Ẹ୺୺⩏♫఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ 㔜せ࡞ࢺࣆࢵࢡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⾜ື㑇ఏᏛⓗ࡞ศᯒ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪. ୺せᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ $UHQV$. :DWHUPDQQ5 

(54) 3ROLWLFDOHIILFDF\LQ DGROHVFHQFH'HYHORSPHQWJHQGHUGLIIHUHQFHVDQGRXWFRPH. 䇷㻌㻠㻜㻌䇷.

(55) ఍ဨ௻⏬䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䠎. UHODWLRQVDevelopmental Psychology 53±. ฼௚⾜ືࡢ㑇ఏⓗ࣭㐍໬ⓗ㉳※. &LFRJQDQL(=DQL%)RXUQLHU%*DYUD\& %RUQ0. Ᏻ⸨ᑑᗣ ៞᠕⩏ሿ኱ᏛᩥᏛ㒊

(56). 

(57) *HQGHUGLIIHUHQFHVLQ\RXWKV¶SROLWLFDOHQJDJHPHQW.  ฼௚⾜ືࡣ㧗ᗘ࡟♫఍ⓗ࡞ື≀࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢே㛫࡟࡜ࡗ. DQGSDUWLFLSDWLRQ7KHUROHRISDUHQWVDQGRIDGROHVFHQWV¶VRFLDO. ࡚㔜せ࡞ᙧ㉁࡛࠶ࡿࠋ฼௚⾜ືࡢಶேᕪࡣ㸪ே㛫♫఍. DQGFLYLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQJournal of Adolescence 35±. ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ♫఍ⓗ࡞ṇࡲࡓࡣ㈇ࡢ⤖ᯝࡢ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ཎᅉ ࡢࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ࡑࡢཎᅉㄽࡣ⯆࿡῝࠸ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. Ꮫຊ࡜ᐙᗞ⫼ᬒ. ฼௚ᛶࡢ⾜ື㑇ఏᏛⓗ◊✲ࡣ୍㈏ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ. ᩜᓥ༓㭯 ᖇி኱ᏛᩥᏛ㒊ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⛉

(58). 5XVKWRQ ࡽ 

(59) ࡣ㸪௚ࡢே࡟ᑐࡍࡿ฼௚⾜ື࡟࠾࠸.  Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢᏛຊࢆỴᐃࡍࡿせᅉࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪♫. ࡚ $ 㸣

(60) ( 㸣

(61) ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ୍᪉ .UXJHU㸪. ఍⛉Ꮫࡢㅖ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࠿ࡽ㸪኱つᶍ࡞Ꮫᰯㄪᰝࡸࣃࢿ. ࡽ 

(62) ࡣ㸪཭ேࡸ௚ே࡟ᑐࡍࡿ฼௚୺⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ &. ࣝㄪᰝࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀࡓ. 㸣

(63) ( 㸣

(64) ࢆ㸪ࡲࡓ *UHJRU\ ࡽ 

(65) ࡣ㸪௚⪅. ࡢࡣ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢᏛຊࡢಶேᕪ ᩍ⫱᱁ᕪ

(66) ࡀ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ. ࡟ᑐࡍࡿྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ືࡢ⮬ᕫሗ࿌࡛ $ 㸣

(67) & 㸣

(68). ᐙᗞ⫼ᬒ ࡜ࡃ࡟⤒῭᱁ᕪ

(69) ࡜ᐦ᥋࡟㛵㐃ࡋྜ࠸࡞ࡀ. ( 㸣

(70) ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ࡽ㸪ୡ௦㛫࡛෌⏕⏘ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᵝ┦࡛࠶ࡿ. ࡇࡢ୙୍⮴ࡢ⌮⏤ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࡣ㸪฼௚⾜ືࡢ⾜Ⅽ⪅࡜. (UPRVFKHWDO ㉥ᯘ௚ 

(71) ࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋ. ཷ┈⪅࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢᕪ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪⾑⦕. ࡓ▱ぢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪⾜ື㑇ఏᏛࡢᡭἲࢆᑟධࡋᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ. Ὲửࡢཷ┈⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐙ᪘㸪┤᥋஫ᜨᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ཭ே㸪. 㑇ఏせᅉࢆ௓ᅾࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᩍ⫱᱁ᕪⓎ⏕ࡢ࣓. 㛫᥋஫ᜨᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ௚ே࡬ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ฼௚⾜ືࡢ⛬. ࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆᤊ࠼┤ࡑ࠺࡜ࡍࡿヨࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. ᗘࢆ⮬ᕫሗ࿌ⓗ฼௚୺⩏ᑻᗘ 65$6'5

(72) ᑠ⏣࡯࠿㸪. ࠕᏛຊ࡜⏕ࡁࡿຊࡢࡩࡓࡈᐙ᪘ㄪᰝ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪㡯┠཯ ᛂ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛཬࡧᅜㄒࡢᏛ. 

(73) ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ᐃࡋ㸪㑇ఏ࡜⎔ቃࡢᐤ୚ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ ᡂே཮⏕ඣ  ዪᛶ 0=㸪 ⏨ᛶ '=㸪 ⏨ᛶ '=㸪. ຊࢆ୍ḟඖ࡛ ᐃྍ⬟࡞ඹ㏻ᑻᗘ࡜࡞ࡿᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࢆ㸪. ⏨ᛶ '=㸪␗ᛶ '=

(74) ⤌ ᖹᆒᖺ㱋  ṓ 6' 

(75)

(76). ᑠᏛ  ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫ ᖺ⏕ࡲ࡛ࡢࡩࡓࡈ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋ㸪 . ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚༢ኚ㔞࠾ࡼࡧከኚ㔞⾜ື㑇ఏᏛⓗศᯒ࠿ࡽ㸪. ྡ࠿ࡽᅇ⟅ࢆᚓࡓࠋຍ࠼࡚୧ぶ࠿ࡽࡶ㸪㣴⫱㸪ᑵᴗ㸪. ᐙ᪘࠾ࡼࡧ௚ே࡟ᑐࡍࡿ฼௚୺⩏࡛ࡣ୺࡟㑇ఏ࡜㠀ඹ. ཰ධ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᝟ሗࢆྠ᫬࡟཰㞟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. ᭷⎔ቃ $ 㸣㸪( 㸣

(77) ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓࡀ㸪. ಶேᕪࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿせᅉࢆ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ㑇ఏ 㑇ఏせ ᅉ

(78) ࣭ᐙᗞ⫼ᬒ ඹ᭷⎔ቃせᅉ

(79) ࣭Ꮚ࡝ࡶ⊂⮬ࡢ⎔ቃ. ཭ே࡟ᑐࡍࡿ฼௚୺⩏ࡣ㸪እྥᛶ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚፹௓ࡉࢀࡓ ඹ᭷⎔ቃ & ࠥ㸣

(80) ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ኱ࡁࡃཷࡅࡓࠋ. 㠀ඹ᭷⎔ቃせᅉ

(81) ࡟ศゎࡋ࡚᥎ᐃࡉࡏࡿᵓ㐀᪉⛬ᘧࣔ. ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪♫఍ேࡀ࠾஫࠸ࢆಶேⓗ࡟▱ࡿࡇ. ࢹࣜࣥࢢ࡟౫ᣐࡋࡓ⾜ື㑇ఏศᯒࢆ᪋ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪Ꮚ࡝. ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞㐍໬㐺ᛂ⎔ቃࡢ᫬௦࡟ࡣ㸪཭ே࡟ᑐ. ࡶࡢᏛຊ᱁ᕪࡣ㸪ᑠᏛ⏕࡛ࡣ୺࡟ඹ᭷⎔ቃせᅉ࡟ࡼࡗ. ࡍࡿ฼௚୺⩏ ┤᥋ࡢ┦஫୺⩏

(82) ࡀ 'XPEHU ࡢᩘࡢ⠊. ࡚㸪୰Ꮫ⏕࡛ࡣ୺࡟㑇ఏせᅉ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸. ᅖෆࡢ

(83) ᑠࡉ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࡟㐺ᛂࡍࡿ㑇ఏⓗ࡟㣬࿴. ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ୡᖏ཰ධࡣ㸪ඹ᭷⎔. ࡋࡓᚰ⌮ⓗ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ. ቃせᅉࡢ୍㒊ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ᐙ. ୺せᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩. ᗞ⫼ᬒࡢᙳ㡪ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ. ᑠ⏣ு࣭኱ࡵࡄࡳ࣭୹⩚㞝㍤࣭஬ⓒ㒊⿱࣭Ύᡂ㏱Ꮚ࣭. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩. Ṋ⏣⨾ள࣭ᖹ▼⏺ 

(84)  ᑐ㇟ู฼௚⾜ືᑻᗘࡢస. ㉥ᯘⱥኵ࣭┤஭㐨⏕࣭ᩜᓥ༓㭯 

(85)  Ꮫຊ࣭ᚰ⌮࣭. ᡂ࡜ጇᙜᛶ࣭ಙ㢗ᛶࡢ᳨ウ ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲ 84± ㅰ㎡. ᐙᗞ⎔ቃࡢ⤒῭ศᯒ̿඲ᅜᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㏣㊧ㄪᰝ࠿. ࠕᏛ⩦࣭௙஦࣭฼௚ᛶࡢ཮⏕ඣㄪᰝࠖࡣ㸪ㄢ㢟タᐃ࡟. ࡽぢ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ ᭷ᩫ㛶 (UPLVFK--DQWWL0 6PHHGLQJ7 

(86) )URP3DUHQWV. ࡼࡿඛᑟⓗேᩥ࣭♫఍⛉Ꮫ◊✲᥎㐍஦ᴗ ᐇ♫఍ᑐᛂ. WR &KLOGUHQ7KH,QWHUJHQHUDWLRQDO7UDQVPLVVLRQRI. ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ

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(88) +㸪ཬࡧⱝ ᡭ◊✲ %

(89) . ࡢຓᡂࢆཷࡅࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. 䇷㻌㻠㻝㻌䇷.

(90) 䝫䝇䝍䞊Ⓨ⾲䠍䠉㻝. 㧗㱋⪅ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ౑⏝࡜♫఍㛵ಀ (㸯) ̿࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ౑⏝ࡀ♫఍ⓗάື࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡢ᳨ウ̿ ‫ۑ‬᱇⍠௨ 1࣭ᶫᮏ࿴ᖾ 2 㸦1 ᕝᮧᏛᅬዪᏊ኱Ꮫ࣭2 ஢ᚨᑎ኱Ꮫ㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸㧗㱋⪅㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ౑⏝㸪♫఍ⓗάື ၥ㢟  㧗㱋ᮇୡ௦࡬ࡢ ICT ࡢᬑཬ࡟క࠸㸪㧗㱋⪅ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ ࢿࢵࢺ(௨ୗ㸪ࢿࢵࢺ)౑⏝ࡢཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡣὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡀ㸪㧗㱋⪅ࡢࢿࢵࢺ౑⏝ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᐇドⓗ࡟᳨ウࡋࡓ. ࡢ 6 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ(4)ࢹࣔࢢࣛࣇ࢕ࢵࢡ㡯┠ ᛶ ู㸪ᖺ㱋࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ ᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢಖ᭷⋡ࡣ 㸣㸪ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢಖ᭷⋡ࡣ. ◊✲ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ௚᪉㸪௒᪥ࡢ㉸㧗㱋♫఍࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㧗㱋 ⪅ࡢ♫఍ⓗάືࢆಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪Ꮩ❧ࡸ♫఍ⓗᘬࡁ ࡇࡶࡾ➼ࡢၥ㢟ࢆண㜵࣭పῶࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࡜⪃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࢿࢵࢺࡢᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࢿࢵࢺ ࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᑐே஺ὶࡸ♫఍ཧຍ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ♫఍ⓗάື ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ከࡃࡢ◊✲ࡣⱝᖺ. 㸣࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢿࢵࢺࡢࢶู࣮ࣝ౑⏝㔞㸪♫఍ⓗάື ࡢྛኚᩘࡢᖹᆒ್㸪6' ࢆ Table 1, 2 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ ḟ࡟♫఍ⓗάືࡢྛኚᩘࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋ㸪ࢶู࣮ࣝ౑ ⏝㔞ࡢྛኚᩘࢆ⊂❧ኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࡞ ࠾ᛶู㸪ᖺ௦ࢆ⤫ไኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢞධࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪࣓ ࣮ࣝ㸪616㸪ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ࡛ࡢࡑࡢ௚ࡢࢿࢵࢺࡢ౑⏝ࡀከ࠸࡯. ᒙࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㧗㱋⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ ᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ✏㸦୍㐃◊✲ࡢ(1)㸧࡛ࡣ㸪㧗㱋⪅ࢆ ᑐ㇟࡟㸪ࢿࢵࢺ౑⏝ࡀ♫఍ⓗάື࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ ᪉ἲ ㄪᰝ᫬ᮇ࣭ᑐ㇟⪅  ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥࠿ࡽ  ᪥࡟㸪ࢿࢵࢺ. ࡝㸪♫఍ⓗάືࡢ୍㒊ࡢኚᩘࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜㸪ࣃࢯࢥ࡛ࣥࡢ ࢿࢵࢺࡢ౑⏝ࡀከ࠸࡯࡝㸪♫఍ⓗάືࡢ୍㒊ࡢኚᩘࡀప ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ Table 3

(91) ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᦠᖏ㟁 ヰ࡛ࡢࢿࢵࢺ౑⏝඲⯡ࡣ♫఍ⓗάືࢆಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿྍ⬟ᛶ ࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉㸪ࣃࢯࢥ࡛ࣥࡢࢿࢵࢺ౑⏝ࡣ♫఍ⓗάືࢆప ୗࡉࡏࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪⤖ᯝ࡛ㄆࡵࡽࢀ. ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ఍♫ࡢࣔࢽࢱ࣮ࡢ࠺ࡕ  ṓ࠿ࡽ  ṓࡲ࡛ࢆᑐ ㇟࡟ :HE ୖ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋᅇ⟅ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓᑐ㇟⪅ࡣ  ྡ ⏨ዪྛ 㸣ᖹᆒᖺ㱋  ṓ

(92) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ㄪᰝෆᐜ (1)ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ࣭ࣃࢯࢥࣥࡢಖ᭷ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢಖ ᭷ࡢ᭷↓࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪2 ⫥ᢥ୍࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ(2)ࢿࢵࢺ ࡢࢶู࣮ࣝ౑⏝㔞 1 ᪥࠶ࡓࡾࡢ㏻ヰ㸪࣓࣮ࣝ㸪SNS㸪. ࡓಀᩘࡣ⥲ࡌ࡚㧗࠸࡜ࡣゝ࠼ࡎ㸪௚ࡢせᅉࡢᙳ㡪ࡶ⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪௒ᚋࡣ㸪㧗㱋⪅ࡢ♫఍ⓗάື࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ௚ ࡢせᅉࡶేࡏ᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀㄢ㢟࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ. ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ࡛ࡢࡑࡢ௚ࡢࢿࢵࢺ㸪ࣃࢯࢥ࡛ࣥࡢࢿࢵࢺࡢྛ ౑⏝㔞࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪 ࠕ౑ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖ࠿ࡽࠕ6 ᫬㛫௨ୖࠖࡢ 8 ⫥ᢥ୍࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ(3)♫఍ⓗάື 1)♫఍ཧຍά ື ෆ㛶ᗓ(2017)ࡢ㧗㱋⪅ࡢ♫఍ཧຍάືࢆཧ⪃࡟㸪 ࠕࢫ ࣏࣮ࢶ࡞࡝ࡢ㊃࿡ࡢάືࠖ ࠕ⏫ෆ఍࣭⮬἞఍➼ࡢάືࠖ ࠕ௙ ஦ࡸࢩࣝࣂ࣮ேᮦࢭࣥࢱ࣮➼ࡢ⫋ᴗάືࠖ ࠕ࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔ άືࠖࡢ 4 㡯┠ࢆసᡂࡋ㸪 ࠕάືࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖ࠿ࡽࠕ࡯ࡰ ẖ᪥ࠖࡢ 6 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ2)ᑐே஺ὶ ෆ㛶ᗓ (2017)ࢆཧ⪃࡟㸪 ࠕ㓄അ⪅ࠖ ࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࠖ ࠕ඗ᘵጜጒ࣭Ꮮ࣭ぶ ᪘࡞࡝㸪ୖグ௨እࡢᐙ᪘ࠖ ࠕ㏆㞄࣭ᆅᇦ࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿேࠖ ࠕ཭ேࠖ ࠕබⓗ⤌⧊(⑓㝔࣭௓ㆤࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡞࡝) ࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡢ ࠶ࡿேࠖࡢ 6 㡯┠ࢆసᡂࡋ㸪 ࠕ࠸ࡿࠖ ࠕ࠸࡞࠸࡛ࠖᅇ⟅ࢆ ồࡵ㸪 ࠕ࠸ࡿࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓሙྜࡣ㸪஺ὶ㢖ᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ஺ ὶࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖ࠿ࡽࠕ࡯ࡰẖ᪥ࠖࡢ 6 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵ ࡓࠋ3)እฟ㢖ᗘ ᪥ᖖࡢእฟ㢖ᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪 ࠕ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝እ ฟࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ࠿ࡽࠕ࡯ࡰẖ᪥࡛㸪1 ᪥ࡢྜィ 2 ᫬㛫௨ୖࠖ. Table1ࠉࢿࢵࢺࡢࢶู࣮ࣝ౑⏝㔞ࡢグ㏙⤫ィ ᦠᖏࡑࡢ௚ ࣃࢯࢥࣥ ࣓࣮ࣝ㔞 SNS౑⏝㔞 ࢿࢵࢺ㔞 ࢿࢵࢺ㔞 M 2.25 1.98 1.51 1.68 5.29 SD 0.81 0.77 0.96 1.22 1.46 ὀࠉᚓⅬࡣ1࠿ࡽ8ࡢ⠊ᅖ㸬 n =1000 ㏻ヰ㔞. Table2ࠉ♫఍ⓗάືࡢグ㏙⤫ィ ⏫ෆ఍࣭ ࣎ࣛࣥ ⮬἞఍ࡢ ⫋ᴗάື ࢸ࢕࢔ ᑐே஺ὶ እฟ㢖ᗘ άື άື M 2.54 1.98 1.26 1.58 4.67 3.68 SD 1.94 1.32 1.04 1.27 0.68 1.42 ὀࠉᚓⅬࡣ1࠿ࡽ6ࡢ⠊ᅖ㸬 n =1000 ㊃࿡ࡢ άື. Table3ࠉࢿࢵࢺ౑⏝ࡀ♫఍ⓗάື࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ㊃࿡ࡢ άື. ㏻ヰ㔞. -.02. ࣓࣮ࣝ㔞. .10. SNS౑⏝㔞. .08. ᦠᖏࡑࡢ௚ࢿࢵࢺ㔞. -.01. ࣃࢯࢥࣥࢿࢵࢺ㔞. -.08. ⏫ෆ఍࣭ ⮬἞఍ࡢ ⫋ᴗάື άື. .07 **. **. ࣎ࣛࣥ ࢸ࢕࢔ άື. .01. .06. .05. .10. .02. .01. .05. .13. .04. .05. .09. *. **. ᑐே஺ὶ እฟ㢖ᗘ. .04 *. .02. .10. *. .09. *. .07. .09. *. .14. **. -.06. -.04. -.07. .04. .02. -.03. ὀࠉᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽೫ᅇᖐಀᩘࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࠉ *p 㸺.05, **p 㸺.01. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ෆ㛶ᗓ (2017) ᖹᡂ 29 ᖺ∧㧗㱋♫఍ⓑ᭩ ෆ㛶ᗓ.. ὀ ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠(ㄢ㢟␒ྕ 18K18662)ࢆཷࡅࡓ◊✲ࡢ ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿ㸬           (Rui KATSURA, Kazuyuki HASHIMOTO㸧. 䇷㻌㻠㻞㻌䇷.

(93) 䝫䝇䝍䞊Ⓨ⾲䠍䠉㻞. 㧗㱋⪅ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ౑⏝࡜♫఍㛵ಀ (㸰) ̿࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ౑⏝࡜࢜ࣇࣛ࢖ࣥࡢ஺ὶ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃̿ ‫ۑ‬ᶫᮏ࿴ᖾ 1࣭᱇⍠௨ 2 㸦1 ஢ᚨᑎ኱Ꮫ࣭2 ᕝᮧᏛᅬዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸㧗㱋⪅㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ౑⏝㸪࢜ࣇࣛ࢖ࣥࡢ஺ὶ ၥ㢟 ᪥ᮏࡢ⥲ேཱྀࡢ 27.7%ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ㧗㱋⪅ 㸦65 ṓ௨ୖ㸧 ࡀ㸪 ㏥⫋㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ⊂❧㸪㌟యࡢ⾶࠼㸪೺ᗣၥ㢟࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾ እฟࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸≧ἣ࡛ࡶᑐே஺ὶࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪 ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ㸦௨ୗ㸪ࢿࢵࢺ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ஺ὶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㧗㱋⪅ࡢࢿࢵࢺ౑⏝ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᐇドⓗ࡟᳨ ウࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ✏㸦୍㐃◊✲ࡢ(2)㸧࡛ ࡣ㸪㧗㱋⪅ࡢࢿࢵࢺ౑⏝ࡀ࢜ࣇࣛ࢖ࣥࡢ஺ὶ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ 㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ ᪉ἲ ㄪᰝ᫬ᮇ࣭ᑐ㇟⪅ ୍㐃Ⓨ⾲ࡢ 

(94) ࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ㄪᰝෆᐜ ձ࢜ࣇࣛ࢖࡛ࣥࡢ஺ὶ ෆ㛶ᗓ(2017)ࢆཧ ⪃࡟㸪 ࠕ㓄അ⪅ࠖ ࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࠖ ࠕୖグ௨እࡢᐙ᪘ࠖ ࠕ㏆㞄࣭ᆅ ᇦ࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿேࠖ ࠕ཭ேࠖ ࠕබⓗ⤌⧊㸦⑓㝔࣭௓ㆤࢧ ࣮ࣅࢫ࡞࡝㸧࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿேࠖ࡜ࡢᬑẁࡢ⏕ά࡛ࡢ஺ ὶࡢ⛬ᗘࢆ㸪ᒸᮏ࣭ᒸ⏣࣭ⓑ⃝(2006)ࢆཧ⪃࡟㸪 ࠕ஺ὶࡋ ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸦1 Ⅼ㸧 ࠖ ࠕᖺ࡟㸯㹼㸰ᅇ㸦2 Ⅼ㸧 ࠖ ࠕ༙ᖺ࡟ 1㹼2 ᅇ㸦3 Ⅼ㸧 ࠖ ࠕ᭶࡟㸯㹼㸰ᅇ㸦4 Ⅼ㸧 ࠖ ࠕ㐌࡟㸯㹼㸰ᅇ㸦5 Ⅼ㸧 ࠖ ࠕ㐌࡟㸱㹼㸳ᅇ㸦6 Ⅼ㸧 ࠖ ࠕ࡯ࡰẖ᪥㸦7 Ⅼ㸧 ࠖ࠿ࡽ 7 ⫥ᢥ ୍࡛ᅇ⟅ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ồࡵࡓࠋヱᙜ࡞ࡋ࡞ࡽࡤࠕ࠸࡞࠸ࠖ ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ồࡵࡓࠋղࢿࢵࢺ࡛ࡢ஺ὶ ࣓࣮ࣝࡸ SNS ࡞࡝㸪 ࢿࢵࢺࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࡸࡾྲྀࡾࢆࡍࡿ┦ᡭ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪 ࢜ࣇࣛ࢖࡛ࣥࡢ஺ὶ࡟ᑐᛂࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ࠕ㓄അ⪅ࠖ ࠕᏊ࡝ ࡶࠖ ࠕୖグ௨እࡢᐙ᪘ࠖ ࠕ㏆㞄࣭ᆅᇦ࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿேࠖ ࠕ཭ ேࠖ ࠕබⓗ⤌⧊࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿேࠖ࠿ࡽᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࡶࡢ࡜ ᅇ⟅ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ồࡵࡓ㸦」ᩘᅇ⟅㸧 ࠋヱᙜ࡞ࡋ࡞ࡽࡤࠕ࠸ ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ồࡵࡓࠋ ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ ࢿࢵࢺ࡛ࡢ஺ὶࡢศ㢮 ࢿࢵࢺ࡛ࡸࡾྲྀࡾࢆࡍࡿ┦ᡭ ࡀ࠸࡞࠸  ྡࢆࠕ↓౑⏝ᆺࠖ 㸪㓄അ⪅㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶ㸪ୖグ௨ እࡢᐙ᪘࡜ࡢࡳ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ  ྡࢆࠕᐙ᪘㝈ᐃᆺࠖ 㸪ᐙ ᪘௨እࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡶ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ  ྡࢆࠕᐙ᪘እ฼⏝ᆺࠖ ࡢ  ⩌࡟ศ㢮ࡋࡓࠋ௨ୗ㸪ࡇࡢ  ⩌ࢆࢿࢵࢺ஺ὶࢱ࢖ࣉ ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࠋ ࢿࢵࢺ஺ὶࢱ࢖ࣉ࡜࢜ࣇࣛ࢖࡛ࣥࡢ஺ὶࡢ㛵ಀ ࢿࢵ ࢺ஺ὶࢱ࢖ࣉ  ⩌ࡢ࢜ࣇࣛ࢖࡛ࣥࡢ஺ὶࡢᕪ␗ࢆ᳨ウࡍ ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸦ᖹᆒ್࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪࡣ 7DEOH ཧ↷㸧 ࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪཭ே࡜බⓗ⤌⧊࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿே࡟ࡘ. ࠸࡚㸪᭷ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋከ㔜ẚ㍑㸦7XNH\ ἲ㸧ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪 ཭ே࡜බⓗ⤌⧊࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡀ࠶ࡿே࡛ࡣ㸪ᐙ᪘㝈ᐃᆺࡼࡾ ࡶ↓౑⏝ᆺ࡜ᐙ᪘እ฼⏝ᆺ࡜ࡢ஺ὶ㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸦཭ ே) 

(95) Sබⓗ⤌⧊࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿ ே) 

(96) S㸧 ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࢿࢵࢺࢆ౑ ⏝ࡍࡿ⩌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪஺ὶࡍࡿᑐ㇟ࡀᗈࡃᐙ᪘௨እ࡜ࡢ ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀ࠶ࡿ࡯࡝㸪཭ேཬࡧබⓗ⤌⧊࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡀ࠶ࡿ ே࡜ࡢ஺ὶࡀάⓎ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ⤖ㄽ࡜௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟 ࢿࢵࢺୖ࡛ᐙ᪘௨እ࡜஺ὶࡍࡿ㧗 㱋⪅ࡣ㸪࢜ࣇࣛ࢖࡛ࣥࡢ஺ὶࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪 ஺ὶ㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓᑐ㇟ࡀ཭ே࡜බⓗ⤌⧊࡛㛵ࢃࡾࡀ࠶ ࡿே࡛࠶ࡾ㸪௚ࡢᑐ㇟࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜㸪᪥ᖖ⏕άࡢሙ࡛࠶ࡿ ⮬Ꮿ࿘㎶࡛ฟ఍࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ཧຍࡢ⩏ົࡀᙉࡃ࡞࠸ ࡓࡵ㸪⮬ศ࡛⬟ືⓗ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿᕤኵࢆࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ ࢆ⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࢿࢵࢺ฼⏝ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᕤኵࡢ୍ࡘ࡟ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 㼀㼍㼎㼘㼑㻝䚷䝛䝑䝖஺ὶ䝍䜲䝥䛸䜸䝣䝷䜲䞁䛷䛾஺ὶ䛾㛵ಀ ஺ὶ䛩䜛ᑐ㇟. 䝛䝑䝖౑⏝ᆺ ↓౑⏝ᆺ 㓄അ⪅ ᐙ᪘㝈ᐃᆺ ᐙ᪘እ฼⏝ᆺ ↓౑⏝ᆺ Ꮚ䛹䜒 ᐙ᪘㝈ᐃᆺ ᐙ᪘እ฼⏝ᆺ ↓౑⏝ᆺ ୖグ௨እ䛾ᐙ᪘ ᐙ᪘㝈ᐃᆺ ᐙ᪘እ฼⏝ᆺ ↓౑⏝ᆺ ㏆㞄䞉ᆅᇦ䛷㛵䜟䜚䛜䛒䜛ே ᐙ᪘㝈ᐃᆺ ᐙ᪘እ฼⏝ᆺ ↓౑⏝ᆺ ཭ே ᐙ᪘㝈ᐃᆺ ᐙ᪘እ฼⏝ᆺ ↓౑⏝ᆺ බⓗ⤌⧊䛷㛵䜟䜚䛜䛒䜛ே ᐙ᪘㝈ᐃᆺ ᐙ᪘እ฼⏝ᆺ. 㻹 㻢㻚㻥㻠 㻢㻚㻤㻜 㻢㻚㻤㻞 㻠㻚㻤㻜 㻠㻚㻤㻥 㻠㻚㻣㻣 㻟㻚㻞㻤 㻟㻚㻟㻤 㻟㻚㻟㻠 㻠㻚㻣㻥 㻠㻚㻡㻤 㻠㻚㻢㻟 㻟㻚㻥㻝 㻟㻚㻠㻢 㻠㻚㻝㻟 㻠㻚㻠㻡 㻟㻚㻡㻡 㻠㻚㻞㻜. 㻿㻰 㻜㻚㻟㻥 㻜㻚㻥㻟 㻜㻚㻥㻡 㻝㻚㻤㻝 㻝㻚㻢㻢 㻝㻚㻢㻠 㻝㻚㻠㻡 㻝㻚㻠㻟 㻝㻚㻠㻝 㻝㻚㻟㻠 㻝㻚㻠㻟 㻝㻚㻞㻥 㻝㻚㻟㻠 㻝㻚㻟㻟 㻝㻚㻟㻜 㻝㻚㻜㻞 㻝㻚㻡㻜 㻝㻚㻞㻢. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ෆ㛶ᗓ 

(97) ᖹᡂ  ᖺᗘ∧㧗㱋♫఍ⓑ᭩ ෆ㛶ᗓ ᒸᮏ⚽࣭᫂ᒸ⏣㐍୍࣭ⓑ⃝ᨻ࿴ 

(98) ኱㒔ᕷᒃఫ㧗㱋 ⪅ࡢ♫఍άື࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿせᅉ㸫㌟య㸪ᚰ⌮㸪♫఍࣭⎔ ቃⓗせᅉ࠿ࡽ㸫 ᪥ᮏබ⾗⾨⏕㞧ㄅ 

(99)  ὀ㸸ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠 ㄢ㢟␒ྕ .

(100) ࢆཷࡅࡓ◊✲ࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿࠋ +$6+,0272.D]X\XNL.$7685$5XL

(101) . 䇷㻌㻠㻟㻌䇷.

(102) 䝫䝇䝍䞊Ⓨ⾲䠍䠉㻟. ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ᑻᗘࡢసᡂձ ̿ືᶵ࡙ࡅኚᩘ࠾ࡼࡧᏛ⩦᪉␎࡜ࡢ㛵㐃̿ ‫୕ۑ‬࿴⚽ᖹ 1࣭ゎⰋඃᇶ 2 㸦1 㛵すእᅜㄒ኱Ꮫ࣭2 ༡ᒣ኱Ꮫ㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎㸪฼⏝౯್㸪ᑻᗘ㸪⯆࿡ ⏣୰࣭ᒣෆ㸦2000㸧࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀࡓ 5 㡯┠ࢆಟṇࡋ࡚౑. ၥ㢟 ㏆ᖺࡣ㸪ぶࡸᩍᖌ࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ฼⏝౯್ㄆ▱ࢆ㧗. ⏝ࡋࡓ㸦6 ௳ἲ㸧 ࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᩍ♧ᩥ࡛ヱᙜ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿ͆ᚰ. ࡵࡿ௓ධࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⯆࿡ࡸᏛᴗࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡢྥୖ࡟. ⌮Ꮫ͇࡟㝈ᐃࡋ࡚ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ. ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿ◊✲ࡀ┒ࢇ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (ࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ࡜ࡋ࡚. ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ. Harackiewicz et al. 2014)ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞฼⏝౯್ㄆ▱ࡢ. ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ࡢཎ᱌ 7 㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᅉᏊศᯒ㸦᭱. ྥୖࡣ㸪௚⪅࠿ࡽࡢᩍᤵࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪⮬ࡽ᪉␎ⓗ࡟᭷. ᑬἲ㸪ࣉ࣐ࣟࢵࢡࢫᅇ㌿㸧ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪࢟. ⏝ᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ⏕㉳ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀ. ࣕࣜ࢔ୖ࡛ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ᪉␎࡜㸪᪥ᖖ࡛ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶ. ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪฼⏝౯್௓ධ࡟࠾࠸࡚≉࡟⮬ᕫ⏕ᡂ. ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ᪉␎ࡢ 2 ᅉᏊࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ. ᆺࡢ௓ධ࡟╔┠ࡋ㸪 ࠕᏛ⩦ࡋࡓ▱㆑ࡸᢏ⬟ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆᏛ. ࢆ͆࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᛮ⪃᪉␎͇࡜͆᪥ᖖᛮ⪃᪉␎͇࡜࿨ྡࡋ. ⩦⪅⮬㌟ࡀ⪃࠼ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᚰⓗ࡞సᴗࢆ୍✀ࡢᏛ⩦᪉. ࡓ (Table 1)ࠋ. ␎࡜ࡋ࡚ᴫᛕ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋ㸪᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ࢆ. ḟ࡟᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎࡜௚ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘࢆ⟬ฟ. ᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘࢆసᡂࡍࡿࠋ. ࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪 ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᛮ⪃᪉␎ࡣไᗘⓗ฼⏝౯್ (r. ᪉ἲ. 㸻.59)㸪ᐇ㊶ⓗ฼⏝౯್ (r 㸻.61)㸪᪥ᖖⓗ฼⏝౯್ (r. ⿕ㄪᰝ⪅ ᑐ㇟ࡣ㛵すᆅ᪉ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟㏻࠺ࠕᚰ⌮Ꮫࠖ ࢆཷㅮࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ኱Ꮫ⏕108 ྡ (⏨ᛶ46ྡ㸪 ዪᛶ52 ྡ㸪. 㸻.31)㸪⮬ᚊⓗㄪᩚ᪉␎ (r 㸻.39)㸪⢭⦓໬᪉␎ (r 㸻.37)㸪⯆࿡ (r 㸻.32) ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪᪥ᖖᛮ⪃᪉␎ࡣᐇ㊶ⓗ฼⏝౯್ (r 㸻.31)㸪᪥. ᖹᆒᖺ㱋 21.09 ṓ㸪ᶆ‽೫ᕪ 0.85)࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ኚᩘ ձ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎㸸ඛ⾜◊✲ (ఀ⏣, 2001; ゎ. ᖖⓗ฼⏝౯್ (r 㸻.62)㸪⮬ᚊⓗㄪᩚ᪉␎ (r 㸻.23)㸪. Ⰻ࣭୰㇂, 2014) ࢆཧ⪃࡟సᡂࡋࡓ 7 㡯┠ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ 㸦6. ⢭⦓໬᪉␎ (r 㸻.38)㸪ࡲ࡜ࡵసᴗ᪉␎(r 㸻.21)㸪⯆࿡. ௳ἲ㸧 ࠋղ฼⏝౯್㸸ఀ⏣ (2001) ࢆཧ⪃࡟సᡂࡋࡓ͆ไ. (r 㸻.54) ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ. ᗘⓗ฼⏝౯್͇ ͆ᐇ㊶ⓗ฼⏝౯್͇ ͆᪥ᖖⓗ฼⏝౯್͇.  ᮏ◊✲ࡼࡾ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ᑻᗘࡀసᡂࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ≉. ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ 9 㡯┠ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ㸦7 ௳ἲ㸧 ࠋճືᶵ࡙ࡅㄪᩚ. ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚⮬ᚊⓗㄪᩚ᪉␎ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⮬ࡽࡢࡸࡿẼࢆ㧗ࡵ. ᪉␎㸸ᱵᮏ (2013) ࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀࡓ͆⮬ᚊⓗㄪᩚ᪉͇ ͆༠. ࡿ᪉␎ࡸ⢭⦓໬᪉␎ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᝟ሗฎ⌮ࢆಁࡍ᪉␎ࡢ୧. ྠ᪉␎͇ ͆ᡂ⦼㔜ど᪉␎͇ ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ 27 㡯┠ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ. ഃ㠃࡜㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎࡜࠸. 㸦5 ௳ἲ㸧 ࠋ մㄆ▱ⓗ᪉␎㸸ᱵᮏ (2012) ࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀࡓ ͆⢭. ࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡣ㸪᪤Ꮡࡢ฼⏝౯್௓ධࡢ◊✲࡜Ꮫ⩦᪉␎◊. ⦓໬᪉␎͇ ͆ࡲ࡜ࡵసᴗ᪉␎͇ ͆཯᚟సᴗ᪉␎͇ ͆యไ໬. ✲࡜ࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿ᥋Ⅼ࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ. ᪉␎͇࡟㛵ࢃࡿ 12 㡯┠ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ㸦5 ௳ἲ㸧 ࠋյ⯆࿡㸸. 㸦MIWA Shuhei, KERA Masaki㸧. 㼀㼍㼎㼘㼑㻌䚷ᅉᏊศᯒ䛾⤖ᯝ M 䜻 䝱 䝸 䜰 ᛮ⪃᪉␎䠄 䃐䠙㻥 㻝 䠅 ⮬ศ䛜ᑵ⫋䜔㐍Ꮫ䜢䛧䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛䛸䛝䛻䠈䛣䛾ᤵᴗ䛾ෆᐜ䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᙺ❧䛱䛭䛖䛛䜢⪃䛘䜛  ᤵᴗ䛾ෆᐜ䛜䠈⮬ศ䛾㐍㊰䛾┠ᶆ䜢㐩ᡂ䛩䜛䛖䛘䛷䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᙺ❧䛴䛰䜝䛖䛛䛸⪃䛘䜛  ᤵᴗ䛾ෆᐜ䛜䠈ᑗ᮶䛾௙஦䛷䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᙺ❧䛴䛛䜢⪃䛘䜛  ᑗ᮶⮬ศ䛜௙஦䛻䛴䛔䛯䛸䛝䛻䠈䛣䛾ᤵᴗ䛾ෆᐜ䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᙺ❧䛱䛭䛖䛛䜢⪃䛘䜛  ᪥ᖖᛮ⪃᪉␎䠄 䃐䠙㻚㻤 㻝 䠅 ᤵᴗ䛾ෆᐜ䛜䠈ᬑẁ䛾᪥ᖖ⏕ά䛷䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᙺ❧䛴䛛䜢⪃䛘䜛  ㌟䛾ᅇ䜚䛾⏕ά䛷䠈䛣䛾ᤵᴗ䛾ෆᐜ䛜ᙺ❧䛱䛭䛖䛺ሙ㠃䛿䛹䛣䛛䜢⪃䛘䜛  ᤵᴗ䛾ෆᐜ䛜䠈ᑗ᮶䛾⮬ศ䛾⏕ά䛷䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᙺ❧䛱䛭䛖䛛䜢⪃䛘䜛  ᅉᏊ㛫┦㛵䚷䚷䊠. 䇷㻌㻠㻠㻌䇷. SD. 䊠. 䊡. K. 

(103) 

(104) 

(105) 

(106).            . 

(107) 

(108) 

(109).    䇷.    .   .

(110) 䝫䝇䝍䞊Ⓨ⾲䠍䠉㻠. ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ᑻᗘࡢసᡂղ ʊ฼⏝౯್ㄆ▱ࢆ፹௓ࡋࡓ⯆࿡࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ʊ żゎⰋඃᇶ ࣭୕࿴⚽ᖹ  㸦 ༡ᒣ኱Ꮫ  㛵すእᅜㄒ኱Ꮫ㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎㸪฼⏝౯್㸪ᑻᗘ㸪⯆࿡ ၥ㢟. ࢀࡶᩍ♧ᩥ࡛ ³ᚰ⌮Ꮫ´࡟㝈ᐃࡋ࡚ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ.  Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㏆ᖺࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜࡀ. ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ. ࠸࠿࡟ᐇ⏕ά࡛ᙺ❧ࡘࡢ࠿ࢆᣦࡍ฼⏝౯್ㄆ▱࡬ࡢ௓. )LJXUH ࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᚑ࠸㸪 ፹௓ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ 7DEOH

(111) ࠋ. ධ࡟ὀ┠ࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୕࿴࣭ゎⰋ 

(112) ࡛ࡣࡇࡢ. 㛫᥋ຠᯝࡢ᳨ウ࡟ࡣࣈ࣮ࢺࢫࢺࣛࢵࣉἲ㸦ࣈ࣮ࢺࢫࢺ. ࡼ࠺࡞฼⏝౯್ㄆ▱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪 ࠕᏛ⩦ࡋࡓ▱㆑ࡸᢏ⬟ࡢ. ࣛࢵࣉᶆᮏᩘ㸸㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ. ᭷⏝ᛶࢆᏛ⩦⪅⮬㌟ࡀ⪃࠼ࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࢆ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ ࡜࠸࠺୍✀ࡢᏛ⩦᪉␎࡜ࡋ࡚ᴫᛕ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋ㸪. ฼⏝౯್. D. E. ᑻᗘ㡯┠ࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎࡜ ฼⏝౯್࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚฼⏝౯್௓ධࡢඛ⾜◊✲ HJ+XOOHPDQ HWDO 

(113) ࢆཧ⪃࡟㸪᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ࢆ ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛฼⏝౯್ࡢㄆ▱ࡀ㧗ࡲࡾ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚. ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎. ⯆࿡. F F

(114). ὀ

(115) F 䛿፹௓ኚᩘ䜢ᢞධ䛩䜛๓䛾䝟䝇䜢♧䛩 )LJXUH፹௓ศᯒ䛾䝰䝕䝹. ⯆࿡ࡀྥୖࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ.   ࡘࡢ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎ࡣ㸪 ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᪥ᖖⓗ฼⏝౯್࡜. ᪉ἲ. ᐇ㊶ⓗ฼⏝౯್ࢆ፹௓ࡋ࡚⯆࿡ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ. ⿕ㄪᰝ⪅ ᑐ㇟ࡣ㛵すᆅ᪉ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟㏻࠺ࠕᚰ⌮Ꮫࠖ. ࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᪥ᖖ⏕άࡸ⫋ᴗሙ㠃࡟. ࢆཷㅮࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ኱Ꮫ⏕  ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ. ࠾ࡅࡿ᭷⏝ᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᐇ㝿࡟᪥ᖖ⏕άࡸ⫋ᴗᐇ.  ኚᩘ ձ᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎㸸ඛ⾜◊✲ ఀ⏣  ゎ. ㊶࡟࠾ࡅࡿ฼⏝౯್ࢆㄆ▱ࡋ㸪⯆࿡ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ. Ⰻ࣭୰㇂

(116)  ࢆཧ⪃࡟సᡂࡋࡓ  㡯┠ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ㸦. ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤖ᯝࡣ㸪฼⏝౯್௓ධࡀ⯆࿡. ௳ἲ㸧 ࠋ㡯┠ෆᐜࡣ୕࿴࣭ゎⰋ 

(117) ࢆཧ↷ࠋղ฼⏝. ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪࡜ࡋ࡚᝿ᐃࡍࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡸ⯆࿡ࡢⓎ㐩ࣉ. ౯್㸸ఀ⏣ 

(118)  ࢆཧ⪃࡟సᡂࡋࡓ³ไᗘⓗ฼⏝౯. ࣟࢭࢫ࠿ࡽࡢ♧၀࡜ᩚྜࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᚋࡣ㸪ᩍ. ್´³ᐇ㊶ⓗ฼⏝౯್´³᪥ᖖⓗ฼⏝౯್´࡟㛵ࢃࡿ  㡯┠. ⛉࣭⛉┠ࡸᑐ㇟⪅࡟ࡼࡿ୍⯡ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪. ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ㸦 ௳ἲ㸧 ࠋճ⯆࿡㸸⏣୰࣭ᒣෆ㸦㸧࡛. ኚᩘ㛫ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲ⣽࡟ࡳ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦.(5$ 0DVDNL  0,:$ 6KXKHL㸧. ౑⏝ࡉࢀࡓ  㡯┠ࢆಟṇࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋࡓ㸦 ௳ἲ㸧 ࠋ࠸ࡎ. 7DEOH䚷᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎䛸⯆࿡䛸䛾㛵㐃䛚䜘䜃฼⏝౯್䛾፹௓䛾ຠᯝ LQGLUHFW HIIHFW. 6(. ,&. ᪉␎䊻౯್ 䝟䝇㻌㼍. ౯್䊻⯆࿡ 䝟䝇㻌㼎. ᪉␎䊻⯆࿡ 䝟䝇㻌㼏 㻔䝟䝇㻌㼏㻓㻕. 䜻䝱䝸䜰ᛮ⪃᪉␎ ᐇ㊶ⓗ฼⏝౯್. . . . . . . . ไᗘⓗ฼⏝౯್. . . . . . . . ᪥ᖖⓗ฼⏝౯್. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ᪥ᖖᛮ⪃᪉␎ ᐇ㊶ⓗ฼⏝౯್ ไᗘⓗ฼⏝౯್. . . . .     ᪥ᖖⓗ฼⏝౯್ ὀ

(119)  p 䠘 p 䠘 ὀ

(120) ್䛿ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ ὀ

(121) ᪉␎䛿᭷⏝ᛶᛮ⪃᪉␎䠈౯್䛿฼⏝౯್䜢⾲䛩.  . 䇷㻌㻠㻡㻌䇷.  . . .

(122) 䝫䝇䝍䞊Ⓨ⾲䠍䠉㻡. ஧ศἲⓗᛮ⪃ഴྥ࡜ࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢫ࣭ࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࡢ㛵㐃 ̿」ᩘࡢ᥇Ⅼἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᳨ウ̿ ‫▼ۑ‬ᕝṊ 1࣭ᩜᓥ༓㭯 2 㸦1 ᖇி኱ᏛᩥᏛ◊✲⛉⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫᑓᨷ࣭2 ᖇி኱ᏛᩥᏛ㒊ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⛉㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸஧ศἲⓗᛮ⪃㸪ࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢫ࣭ࢫࢱ࢖ࣝ 㸪ᴟ➃཯ᛂഴྥ ၥ㢟  ࠕⓑ࠿㯮࠿ࠖ 㸪 ࠕ඲࠿↓࠿ࠖ 㸪 ࠕ຾⪅࠿ᩋ⪅࠿ࠖ 㸪࡜࠸ࡗ ࡓ≀஦ࢆ஧ᚊ⫼཯࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᛮ⪃ࡍࡿഴྥࡣ஧ศἲ ⓗᛮ⪃࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ(Oshio ,2009)ࠋ஧ศἲⓗᛮ⪃ࡀᙉ࠸ ሙྜ㸪㉁ၥ⣬ࡢᅇ⟅࡟࠾࠸࡚ᴟ➃࡞㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ ᴟ➃཯ᛂഴྥ (⏣ᓮ࣭⏦,2017)ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀ ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪஧ศἲⓗᛮ⪃ഴྥࡀ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࡢᅇ ⟅࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ ᪉ἲ ᑐ㇟ ◊✲ཧຍ⪅ࡣ 313 ྡ(⏨ᛶ 168 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 145 ྡ)㸪ᖹᆒᖺ㱋ࡣ 19.5 ṓ(SD=1.36)࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ. ⪃ᐹ. ㄪᰝ㡯┠ ஧ศἲⓗᛮ⪃ഴྥࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪6. ᥇Ⅼἲ $㸪%㸪& ࡢ㡰࡟ᚓⅬ໬ࡉࢀࡿ⠊ᅖࡀ୧ᴟ➃࡟. ௳ἲ 15 㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ஧ศἲⓗᛮ⪃ᑻᗘ(Dichotomous. ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚⊃ࡲࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪஧ศἲⓗᛮ⪃ࡀᙉ࠸ேࡣ㸪. Thinking Inventory㸪DTI) (Oshio,2009)ࢆ㸪㉁ၥ⣬࡬. ༢࡟୰ᗤࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᴟ➃࡞཯ᛂࣞࢫ࣏ࣥ. ࡢᅇ⟅ഴྥࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪7 ௳ἲ 10 㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ᪥. ࢫ࣭ࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀࡓࠋᮏ◊✲. ᮏㄒ∧ Ten Item Personality Inventory(TIPI-J) (ᑠ. ࡣ  ࡘࡢᑻᗘࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᳨ウ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪஧ศἲⓗᛮ. ሷ࣭㜿㒊࣭ࣆࣀ, 2012)ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ. ⪃ࡀᙉ࠸࡜㸪᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᴟ➃࡞཯ᛂࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ. ศᯒ᪉ἲ TIPI-J ࡢྛ㡯┠ࢆ⾲ 1 ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ᚓⅬ໬ࡋ㸪 10 㡯┠ࡢྜィᚓⅬࢆࡶ࡜࡟ᅇ⟅ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ. 㼀㻵㻼㻵㻙㻶ᅇ⟅. ᥇Ⅼἲ㻭. ௒ᚋࡣ㸪஧ศἲⓗᛮ⪃࡜ᴟ➃࡞౯್ほ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌ ࡿ஦㇟࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆゎ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ. ⾲㻝㻚㻌᥇Ⅼἲ 䜎䛳䛯䛟 䛚䛚䜘䛭 ᑡ䛧. ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋ. 䛹䛱䜙. ᑡ䛧 䜎䛒䜎䛒 ᙉ䛟. 㐪䛖䛸. 㐪䛖䛸. 㐪䛖䛸. 䛷䜒. 䛭䛖. 䛭䛖. 䛭䛖. ᛮ䛖. ᛮ䛖. ᛮ䛖. 䛺䛔. ᛮ䛖. ᛮ䛖. ᛮ䛖. 㻝. 㻞. 㻟. 㻠. 㻡. 㻢. 㻣. 㻝. 㻝. 㻝. 㻜. 㻝. 㻝. 㻝. ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ Oshio, A. (2009). Development and Validation of the Dichotomous Thinking Inventory. Social Behavior. ᥇Ⅼἲ㻮. 㻝. 㻝. 㻜. 㻜. 㻜. 㻝. 㻝. and Personality: An International Journal, 37,. ᥇Ⅼἲ㻯. 㻝. 㻜. 㻜. 㻜. 㻜. 㻜. 㻝. 729-742.. DTI ᚓⅬࡀୗ఩ 25%(49 Ⅼ௨ୗ)ࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࢆ DTI ప. ᑠሷ┿ྖ࣭㜿㒊᫴࿃࣭࢝ࢺ࣮ࣟࢽࣆࣀ 

(123) ᪥ᮏㄒ. ⩌㸪ୖ఩ 25%(63 Ⅼ௨ୖ)ࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࢆ DTI 㧗⩌࡟๭ࡾᙜ. ∧ 7HQ,WHP3HUVRQDOLW\,QYHQWRU\ 7,3,-

(124) సᡂࡢ. ࡚ࡓࠋ. ヨࡳ ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕◊✲ 

(125) . ⤖ᯝ. ⏣ᓮ຾ஓ࣭⏦▱ඖ 

(126) ᪥ᮏேࡢᅇ⟅ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ̿ࣞ. '7, ప⩌࡜ '7, 㧗⩌ࡢ㛫࡛㸪 ࡘࡢ᥇Ⅼἲ࡟ࡼࡿྜィ. ࢫ࣏ࣥࢫ࣭ࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࡢ✀ู㛫࣭ᩥ໬㛫ẚ㍑̿ᚰ⌮Ꮫ. ᚓⅬࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪᥇Ⅼἲ $ ࡜᥇Ⅼἲ % ࡛ࡣ୧⩌. ◊✲ 

(127) . 㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ᥇Ⅼἲ & ࡛ࡣ㸪㸣Ỉ‽ ࡛᭷ពᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ W 

(128) S 

(129) ᅗ 

(130) ࠋ. 㸦ISHIKAWA Takeshi, SHIKISHIMA Chizuru㸧. 䇷㻌㻠㻢㻌䇷.

(131) 䝫䝇䝍䞊Ⓨ⾲䠍䠉㻢. ࠕ࠺ࡘ⑓ࡢ཭ேࢆ᥼ຓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࠖࡢ୰᰾ⓗせ⣲ࡢ≉ᐃ ʊࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡศᯒ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ᳨ウʊ ‫ۑ‬ᶔཎ ₶ ࣭ᆏᮏ ┿ኈ  㸦 ᪥ᮏ኱Ꮫᩥ⌮Ꮫ㒊  ᪥ᮏᏛ⾡᣺⯆఍㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸࠺ࡘ⑓㸪᥼ຓ⾜ື㸪ࢥࢫࢺឤ㸪ែᗘ㸪ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡศᯒ ၥ 㢟. UHYLHZ

(132) ࡜ྠ୍ࡢࢫࣛ࢖ࢻ㈨ᩱࢆ⏝࠸㸪 ࠕ཭ேࡀ࠺ࡘ⑓.  ㏆ᖺ㸪ࣆ࢔ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࠺ࡘ⑓ࡢ᪩ᮇண㜵ࢆ┠. ࡢ⑕≧ࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᥼ຓࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡢุ᩿ࡀᅇ⟅. ᣦࡍୖ࡛㸪 ࠕ࠺ࡘ⑓ࡢ཭ேࢆ᥼ຓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࠖ. ⪅⮬㌟࡟ጤࡡࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ሙ㠃ࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋ. ࢆ࠸࠿࡟ゎᾘࡍࡿ࠿ࡀㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ࣆ. ㉁ၥ㡯┠ .DVKLKDUD 6DNDPRWR XQGHUUHYLHZ

(133) ࡀ.-ἲ. ࢔ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺᩍ⫱ࡢཷㅮ⪅ࡀᑐ㇟ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ. ᕝ႐ከ㸪

(134) ࡛ᢳฟࡋࡓ㸪 ࠕ࠺ࡘ⑓ࡢ཭ேࢆ᥼ຓࡍࡿ. 5RVVHWWR HWDO

(135) ࡛ࡣ㸪 ࠕཷㅮᚋ㸪࠺ࡘ⑓ࡢ཭ேࢆᐇ. ࡇ࡜ࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࠖࡢ࢝ࢸࢦࣜ  ✀㢮 7DEOH 

(136) ࢆᥦ♧. 㝿࡟┠࡟ࡋࡓࡀ㸪 ࠗవィ࡞㈐௵ࢆᢪ࠼ࡓࡃ࡞࠸࠘࡜ᛮ࠸㸪. ࡋࡓࠋୖグࡢሙ㠃᝿ᐃࡢࡶ࡜㸪 ✀㢮ࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࢆ࡝. ᥼ຓ⾜ື࡟㋃ࡳษࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ㄒࡾࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚. ࡢ⛬ᗘẼ࡟࠿ࡅࡿ࠿㸪 ẁ㝵  ࡲࡗࡓࡃẼ࡟࠿ࡅ࡞. ࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪኱Ꮫ⏕ࡀᑐ㇟ࡢ⮬⏤グ㏙ㄪᰝ .DVKLKDUD . ࠸̿ 㠀ᖖ࡟Ẽ࡟࠿ࡅࡿ

(137) ࡛ࡢᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ. 6DNDPRWR XQGHUUHYLHZ

(138) ࡛ࡣ㸪 ࠕ࠺ࡘ⑓ࡢ཭ே࡬ࡢ᥼ຓ ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪๓ྥࡁ࡞ពぢࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪 ✀㢮ࡶࡢࢥࢫ. ⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ ⤫ィゎᯒࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ 5 ࡢ qgraph ࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪ (SVNDPS HWDO 

(139) ࢆ⏝࠸㸪 ࠕ࠺ࡘ⑓ࡢ཭ேࢆ᥼ຓࡍ. ࢺឤࡀ᝿㉳ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ࡜♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪ୖグࡢ .DVKLKDUD 6DNDPRWR XQGHUUHYLHZ

(140). ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࠖࡢྛ㡯┠ࢆ  ಶࡢࣀ࣮ࢻ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲. ࡢ▱ぢࢆᅵྎ࡟㸪 ࠕ ✀㢮ࡢࢥࢫࢺឤྠኈࡀ┦஫࡟ᙳ㡪. ⌧ࡋ㸪㡯┠㛫ࡢ೫┦㛵ಀᩘࢆ࢚ࢵࢪ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡍࡿࢿ. ࡋྜ࠺ᵝᏊࠖࢆ୍✀ࡢࠕࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼㸪. ࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᅗࡢ᥎ᐃ࣭ฟຊࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ ⣬ᖜࡢ㒔ྜୖ㸪.  ✀㢮ࡢ࠺ࡕ࠸ࡎࢀࡀࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡෆ࡛୰᰾ⓗ࡞ᙺ๭. ᅗࡣ๭ឡࡋࡓ

(141) ࠋྛࣀ࣮ࢻࡢ VWUHQJWK ௚ࡢࣀ࣮ࢻ࡜ࡢ೫. ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡘࡲࡾ㸪௚ࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࢆㄏⓎࡋࡸࡍ. ┦㛵ಀᩘࡢᖹᆒ್

(142) 㸪FORVHQHVV ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡୖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪. ࠸

(143) ࡢ࠿ࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋ࠺ࡘ⑓ࡢ᪩ᮇண㜵ࢆ. ௚ࡢࣀ࣮ࢻ࡜ࡢᖹᆒⓗ㊥㞳

(144) 㸪EHWZHHQQHVV ࣀ࣮ࢻ㛫ࢆ. ᥎㐍ࡍࡿୖ࡛㸪࡝ࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࢆゎᾘࡍࡿࡢࡀຠ⋡ⓗ࠿㸪. ፹௓ࡍࡿᅇᩘࡢከࡉ

(145) ࢆồࡵࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪 ࠕປຊࡢ㈇ᢸࠖ. ௒ᚋࡢᣦ㔪ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀᮏ◊✲ࡢ≺࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. ࡢࣀ࣮ࢻࡀ  ᣦᶆࡢࡍ࡭࡚࡛┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࡞್ࢆ♧ࡋ. ᪉ ἲ. 7DEOH

(146) 㸪௚ࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࢆㄏⓎࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ. ㄪᰝᴫせ  ᖺ  ᭶࡟㸪㤳㒔ᅪࡢ⚾❧኱Ꮫ  ᰯ࡛㉁. ࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪௒ᚋ࠺ࡘ⑓ࡢ᪩ᮇண㜵ࢆ᥎㐍. ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋᅇ⟅⪅ࡣ  ྡ ⏨ᛶ  ྡ㸪. ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡣ㸪 ࠕປຊࡢ㈇ᢸࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࢥࢫࢺឤࢆゎᾘࡍࡿ. ዪᛶ  ྡ ᖹᆒᖺ㱋  ṓ㸪SD 

(147) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ. ࡇ࡜ࡀຠ⋡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋ .$6+,+$5$ -XQ 6$.$0272 6KLQML

(148). ሙ㠃᝿ᐃ ㄪᰝࡢෑ㢌࡛㸪.DVKLKDUD 6DNDPRWR XQGHU. 7DEOH ࠕ࠺ࡘ⑓ࡢ཭ேࢆ᥼ຓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢࢥࢫࢺឤࠖࡢグ㏙⤫ィ࡜ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ 㡯┠ෆᐜ ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢⴠࡕ㎸ࡳ. M. SD

(149). 6WU. &O. %WZ. SD

(150). 6WU. &O. %WZ. 

(151). . . . 㡯┠ෆᐜ 㔠㖹ⓗ࡞㈇ᢸ. M. . . 

(152). . . . ཭ேࡀヰࡍෆᐜ࡬ࡢ୙ᛌឤ. . 

(153). . . . ປຊࡢ㈇ᢸ. . 

(154). . . . ㈐௵ࡢⓎ⏕. . 

(155). . . . ཭ேഃࡢ㈇ᢸࡢᠱᛕ. . 

(156). . . . ᙺ࡟❧࡚࡞࠸࡜ࡁࡢ⨥ᝏឤ. . 

(157). . . . ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᝏ໬. . 

(158). . . . ᫬㛫ⓗ࡞㈇ᢸ. . 

(159). . . . ཭ேࡀ㏫ୖࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡ. . 

(160). . . . ▱㆑ࡸᢏ⾡ࢆᏛࡪᡭ㛫. . 

(161). . . . ➨୕⪅࠿ࡽࡢホ౯ࡢపୗ. . 

(162). . . . Note. 6WU VWUHQJWK&O FORVQHVV%WZ EHWZHHQQHVVࡇࢀࡽࡢᣦᶆࡣ㸪]್࡜ࡋ࡚ᶆ‽໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ. 䇷㻌㻠㻣㻌䇷.

(163) 䝫䝇䝍䞊Ⓨ⾲䠍䠉㻣. ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗࢱ࢖ࣉ࡜⢭⚄ⓗ೺ᗣ㸪୺ほⓗ㐺ᛂ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃 ‫ۑ‬బ⸨῟୍ 1 㸦1 ṊᗜᕝዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗࢱ࢖ࣉ㸪⢭⚄ⓗ೺ᗣ㸪୺ほⓗ㐺ᛂ ┠ ⓗ. ⤖ ᯝ ࡜ ⪃ ᐹ. -XQJ㸦㸧ࡢࢱ࢖ࣉㄽ࡛ࡣ㸪ᚰ⌮Ꮫࢱ࢖ࣉࡣ౯್୰. JPTS ࡜ GHQ28㸪㐺ᛂឤᑻᗘࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘࢆồࡵࡓ. ❧ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛㸪࠶ࡿࢱ࢖ࣉ࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㐺ᛂࡸ⢭. 㸦Table1 ཧ↷㸧 ࠋḟ࡟㸪⌮ㄽୖࡢ୰Ⅼࢆᇶ‽࡟ᚰ⌮Ꮫ. ⚄ⓗ೺ᗣࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪. ⓗࢱ࢖ࣉࢆ㢮ᆺ໬ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸦Sato, 2017㸧 㸪. ᅜእࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪ෆྥᛶࡣᢚ࠺ࡘ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀ♧. ୍⯡ែᗘูࡢࡳ᭷ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋෆྥࢱ࢖ࣉࡣእ. ၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦-DQRZVN\  0\HUV  0F&DXOOH\. ྥ ࢱ ࢖ ࣉ ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ GHQ ඲ య ᚓ Ⅼ ࡀ ᭷ ព ࡟ 㧗 ࡃ. 㸧 ࠋᅜෆ࡛ࡣࢱ࢖ࣉㄽࡢࠕእྥෆྥࠖ࡜  ᅉᏊࣔ. 㸪㐺ᛂឤྜィᚓⅬ࡛᭷ព࡟ప࠿ 㸦t(157)=2.35㸪p<.05㸧. ࢹࣝࡢ⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸦బ. ࠋ ࡗࡓ㸦t(175)=4.80㸪p<.01㸧. ⸨㸪㸧 㸪⢭⚄⑓⌮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋ. Table 1. ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪኱Ꮫ⏕࡟࠾ࡅࡿᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗࢱ࢖ࣉࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺. JPTS ࡜ GHQ28㸪㟷ᖺᮇ⏝㐺ᛂឤᑻᗘࡢ┦㛵. ࡟⢭⚄ⓗ೺ᗣࡸ㐺ᛂ≧ែ࡟཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ. JPTS 㻌. ᪉ ἲ. E-I. 㻌. T-F. S-N. 㻌. 㻌. GHQ28 N=165) (. ㉁ၥ⣬ 

(164) -376 Jung Psychological Types Scale; JPTS; బ⸨, 2005

(165) ࠕእྥíෆྥࠖ 㸦([WUDYHUVLRQ,QWURYHUVLRQ(,㸧 㡯┠ᑐ㸪 ࠕᛮ⪃íឤ᝟ࠖ 㸦7KLQNLQJ)HHOLQJ7)㸧 㡯┠ᑐ㸪 ࠕឤぬí┤ほࠖ 㸦6HQVDWLRQ,QWXLWLRQ61㸧 㡯┠ᑐ㸪ィ  㡯┠ᑐࢆ⏝ ࠸ࡓࠋᅇ⟅ᙧᘧࡣ㡯┠ᑐ㸦DE㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕD ࡟ࡲࡗࡓ. ㌟యⓗ⑕≧. -.090. ୙Ᏻ࡜୙╀. -.214. ♫఍ⓗάື㞀ᐖ. -.149. .061. 0.11. ࠺ࡘഴྥ. -.199. *. .105. -.014. ྜィ. -.209. **. .033. .040. **. -.038. -.019. -.014. .050. ኱Ꮫ⏝㐺ᛂឤ (N=180). ࡃᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖ࠿ࡽࠕE ࡟ࡲࡗࡓࡃᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࡲ࡛ࡢ. ᒃᚰᆅࡢⰋࡉ. .373. ***. -.287. ཮ᴟᆺࡢ  ௳ἲࠋ( ࠿ࡽ ,㸪7 ࠿ࡽ )㸪6 ࠿ࡽ 1 ࡟  Ⅼ. ㄢ㢟࣭┠ⓗࡢᏑᅾ. .220. **. -.069. -.120. ࠿ࡽ  Ⅼࢆ୚࠼ࡓࠋ

(166) ᪥ᮏ∧ *+4 㡯┠㸦୰ᕝ࣭኱. ⿕ಙ㢗࣭ཷᐜឤ. .462. ***. -.073. -.122. ᆓ㸪 㸧 ᚓⅬ໬ࡣࢦ࣮ࣝࢻࣂ࣮ࢢࡢ *+4 ἲ࡟๎ࡗ࡚㸪. ᣄ⤯ឤࡢ↓ࡉ. .153. *. -.127. ᅇ⟅ࡀࠕ඲ࡃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ ࠕ࠶ࡲࡾ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖሙྜࡣ  Ⅼ㸪. 㻌 ྜィ. .400. ***. -.199. ࠕ࠶ࡗࡓࠖ ࠕࡓࡧࡓࡧ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡢሙྜ  Ⅼࢆ୚࠼ࡓࠋ

(167) . ***. -.189. .095 **. -.128. p<.01, **p<.01, *p<.05. ***. 㟷ᖺ⏝㐺ᛂឤᑻᗘ㸦኱ஂಖ㸪㸧 ᒃᚰᆅࡢⰋࡉࡢ ឤぬ  㡯┠㸪⿕ಙ㢗࣭ཷᐜឤ  㡯┠㸪ㄢ㢟࣭┠ⓗࡢᏑ ᅾ  㡯┠㸪ᣄ⤯ឤࡢ↓ࡉ  㡯┠㸪ィ  㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋ ᅇ⟅ᙧᘧࡣ㸪 ࠕ඲ࡃᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࠿ࡽࠕ࠿࡞ࡾᙜ࡚ ࡣࡲࡿࠖࡲ࡛ࡢ  ௳ἲࠋ ㄪᰝ༠ຊ⪅ࡣ JPTS ࡜ GHQ28 ࡀዪᏊ኱Ꮫ⏕ 165 ྡ 㸦ᖹᆒᖺ㱋 18.0 ṓ㸪SD0.86㸧JPTS-C ࡜㟷ᖺ⏝㐺ᛂឤ. SD=0.79㸧 ࠋ ᑻᗘࡣዪᏊ኱Ꮫ⏕180ྡ 㸦ᖹᆒᖺ㱋19.4ṓ㸪. ࢱ࢖ࣉㄽࡢෆྥែᗘ࡜⢭⚄⑓⌮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ ࡟㛵㐃ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋෆ⏺ࢆ㔜どࡋᚰⓗ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀ ෆ⏺࡟ὶࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ࡜⤖ࡧࡘࡁࡸࡍ࠸ഴ ྥࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࢱ࢖ࣉㄽࡢእྥែᗘ࡜୺ほ ⓗ㐺ᛂឤ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋእ⏺ࢆ㔜どࡋᚰⓗ࢚ ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀእ⏺࡟ὶࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪࿘ᅖࡸ⎔ቃ࡜ࡢ㐺ྜ ឤࡸㄪ࿴ᛶࢆឤࡌྲྀࡾࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ. ᚲせ࡞೔⌮ⓗ㓄៖ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪㞟ᅋἲ࡟ࡼࡾᐇ᪋ ࡋࡓࠋ. 䇷㻌㻠㻤㻌䇷. 㸦SATO Junichi㸧. *.

Table 1 HLM࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ
Table 2. Structural Summary Parameters, 95% Confidence Intervals  for Dichotomous thinking
Table  ࣮࣒࣍ࢩࢵࢡࢿࢫࡢᐃ⩏ࡢ౛  7KXUEHU  㸦ᐇ㝿ࡢࡲࡓࡣண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ㸧 ᐙᗞ࠿ࡽࡢศ㞳࡟ࡼࡾⓎ⏕ࡋࡓⱞ③ࡲࡓࡣᨭ㞀 $UFKHUHW$O  ኱ษ࡞ேࡸ័ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⎔ቃࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿᚰ⌮ⓗ཯ᛂ 1LMKR (QJHOV ᐙᗞ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ཯᚟ⓗᛮ⪃ࠊ཭㐩ࢆ఍࠸ࡓࡀࡿࠊ័ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⎔ቃ࡬ᡠࡾࡓ࠸Ẽᣢࡕ࡞࡝࡜ࠊࡑࢀ ࡟క࠺㌟యⓗッ࠼ࢆ≉ᚩ࡜ࡍࡿⴠࡕ㎸ࡳẼศ 㸦/(( 6WHYH

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