TRU Mathematics 21−1 (1985〕
ON DIFFERENT工AL GEOMEIRY OF GENEIRAL CONNEC rloNs
Hiroaki㎜
(Received]血rd1 23, 1985〕 §0. Introduction. ・e・N・be輌一di・…i・na・・…由manif・・d, rU㌔h・c・・。。gen、加。d、。。f N and V・v・ct・r加・d1・。ve・N..[[h・,pace、。f,ecti。。、。n V and m㌔re d。n。t。d コti by r(V)・nd r(TN’1(gV)・Ac・nnecti。n D。・Vi・d・fin・d・・alinear・perat・r iti D :r(V)一≡>r(TN^(DV) satisfying the fOllowiDg condition: (0.1) .D(fs) =d£os + fDs for functions f on N,’s ε r(V). We cal1, in this paper, su()h connections usual connections. The theory of su()h connections is called the theory oビ USUal COnneCtiOnS. ヨ let IN・9)be・P・−d麺en・i・n・1・Bi・man・i・一・if・・d・i・h・h・・e・i−Ci・i・・ connection D・ Let M be an m−dimensional submanifold, g the induced lmetric induced fr㎝gand D’the induced connection. Then the Gauss−Weingarten formulas‘≠窒?@given by respectively(0・2) b)ぎ一D)ぎ・・(X・Y), .
(0.3) 5・ξ=−S’gX ” DIIg ..、’ .
for X, Yεr(TM),ξεr(T⊥M), Where TM(resp. T⊥M)denotes亡he tangent bundle (resp. 七he normal bun(]1e) of M, D⊥ is the normal connection on T⊥M and σ (resp・S) is called the second fundamental form (resp. the shape 『 operator). σ and S Satisfy . ∫ ・ (…)内@9(・ξ・,Y)’−9(・(…)・ξ)・ 囁
6768
H.NEM)TO コ Let K,equatlons
(0.5) (0.6) Kand K⊥be the curvature tensors associated with D, of Gauss and Ricci are given respectively by − j(K(X,Y)Z)・=K(X・Y)Z ’ SOfY,Z)x+SOfX,z)Y・ j’(R(・,・)ξ)一 K’(…)ξ一C」(・・SgY)・・(・・S♂)・ D and D⊥. The 砲ere j(re、p. jう…・血・t加9…i・1(re・p.…・1)・㎝P・㎝・. W・d・fineβ・ (・・7)(葭・)(・,・)・一唆(・(…))一σ(・xy・・)一σ(…f)・ Then the equation of Codazzi is given by (・・8) j±(R(・,・)・)一(葭・)(…)一(聾・)(…)・ [1]he sulrmanifold theory mentioned above and the developed theory are called in this paper the usual subnanifold theory. Anotion of general connections which is the main subject of this paper is introduced by T. Otsuki in his long excellent papers [ 4,5] as a genera1− ized no.tion of usual connections. In [11,12,13], he defines and discusses several ge㎝etrical obj ects, the covariant differentiation, the ge()desic, the development of curves, the torsion forln and the curvature form, etc, Which are also the generalized one of usual connections. Of course there are many characteristic facts concerned with general connections・ By way of sudh typical facts, we can produce the fbllowing facts; the covrariant derivative of the identity , endornorphisrn with respect to general connections does not necessarily vanish,ヒhe coefficients of a general connectiop may be a tensor・ Especially the latter fact plays an ifi portant role in the receng work of T・ Otsuki for an appplication to cosmology [15]. In a series of papers of T. Otsuki [12− 21], he has introduced and studied the concepts of a regular general connection and a metric general co㎜ection Whi(ごh is a generalization of the I」evi−Civita connection on a Riemannian manifold. Now, recently N. Abe has defined a general connection on an arbitrary vector bundle in [1]. His definition of a general connection is equivalent to Otsuki’s definition When the vector bundle is the tangent bundle・ The rnajor part of §1 0f this paper will be devoted to review ヒhe results of Abe in [1]. In[2], C.S. Houh has studied submanifolds in a Ri㎝a㎜ian manifold with ageneral connection. His results are very interesting・ However, in those days, there were no e.Xplicit theories of g飽eral connections on arbitrary vector bundles, in particular, on the normal bundle of the submanifold. On consequence of this, he did not discuss the normal bundle of the sub nanifold・69 DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY OF GENERAL CONNECTIONS The main purpose of this paper is to s tudy the normal bundle of the ・ suモ肛vanifold and to accomplish the submanifold t力eory of general connections as ageneralization of usual submanif61d theory. As a preliminary, in §1, we give a definition of a general connection 6n avector bundle, a covariant derivative, a curvature tensor and other obj ects for the later sections according to Abe [1] and otsukl [12,13,15]. §2 is devoted to study a regular general comection ahd to give an another proof bf Otsuki,Nagayama’s existence and uniqueness Uユeorem for’a torsion free regUlar metric general connection. In §3, we deal with the manifold that the covariant derivative of the identity end㎝orphism with respect to a regular general connection vanishes. In§4, we define general connections on the
tangent bOndle qnd the.normal bundle.匝rthemore we lead血e fo㎜las頑
the equations su(カas (O.2) 一 (0.7) in usual submanifold theory. §5 is devoted to improve results in §4 When the gerteral cormection is regular. The..author would like to express here his sincere gratitUde to Professor S.Yamagu(;hi for his cons tant encouragement and much useful advige in the preparation of this paper. The author also would like to express his hearty thanks to ProfessOr N. Abe for frequent discussions. Las tly th’e author wishes to eXpress his hearty thanks to Professor T. Otsuki for his lecture on general connections. .. §1. General connections. In this section we will review the theory of general connections alo㎎[1,5,6]. Throughout this paper, we assume that all objects are smoth and all vector bundles are real’・ Let N be an n−dヰmensional manifold, TN 七he tangent bundle and C(N)・the ring of rea1−valued functions on N. Let V and W be vect・r bund1…v・・N・th・fibre・f V・t p・N will be d・n・t・d by Vp and . ☆ the dual bundle of V is denoted』by V . The space of cross−sections of V will be denoted by r(V). Le田㎝(V,W)beヒhe vector bendle of Which fibre ’ H・m(V・W)P・tpi・th・vect・r・p…H・・(Vp,Wp)・f linear m・p・f・㎝Vp t・Wp・ 工nparticular, H㎝(V,V)will be denoted by End(V). Let H()M(V,−W)be the space of vector bundle h㎝㎝orphisms fr㎝Vto W.Especially H㎝(V,V). will be den・t・d by㎜.(V).−1−et IV b・ th・id・ntity・・d・m・rphi・m・f V・N・t・th・t H(刑(V,W)can be naturally identified with the space r(H㎝(V,W)). We will generally use the same symbol to denote a vector bundle homomorphism and the induced linear map on the space of cross−sections..70 h H.NEM)TO !lif¥fl1!in’tl°n L1’△:r c°≡1’≡旦Ygeg19t°「㎞dle V担.鯉巴.・
座(∀,P)., Where P e. END(V)and・攣・』r・・㎝・1・)早・φ、・)
瀞㌔、.(、,b,。+t,、……
f・・£・.c⑩,.sεr(V):『宙S≡ca・・些血・甦幽一≡血e層
r.♀♀m竺≒・i・na口・.・i・da・9129!19!・i9!ll・.゚・・≡ec⊇孤£・些・竺・㎝一
ti・?ケ≡血・『−ec・i㎝・
…‥・i,…cal・・g∼…Cmecti・・.・g−9・加…i…輌r⇒・
恥・P
゙(V)・・愉).・㎝。…th・・e・・…題・・孤・difg・・6・・i…障a・。・・’・C g−connection with the principal endomor画ism P. 恥・・(・)・〒∪{・(・・P)1・・㎜(・)}・・Wi・…y・(…V)is eq岨…血・・e・ of covariant.differential operators of usual cOnnegtiOns on V・. D・fi・iti・P lr.2・L・t▽・°(V;P)・Given y・刊P釦d p・N・旦d・fi・・旦 linear.奄uV:『(V)→.
`虹▽。・Fi。(・r)f・r sε・(V)遮ere i。担血・
i早旱er r←・堕塑趣X・r㈹・里d・fih・旦1i・ea・
一・X.・T(・)→・(・)Zb(・X・)(・)・・▽k(,)・・堕9・・▽X血e cwar・㎝・ derivative皇11gng X・ Then the map f「㎝「㈹・「(V} t°「(V)也fin輌(XSs)→r▽〉(S’is両lti’ こ ロ し ’ 1inear and satlisfies(L2).Vf,s−f▽で翻マxf・・(Xt)・・+f▽i,・
f・・ D ’S・.EIV)・f・. C(N)・.N・t・品・V・un’q・ely de・・㎝’…血・拠・’… differential operator. .Moreover we can.、 consider,.in O(V), the addition and the.m叫tiplication 1∼y elements Qf剛D(V)as foll.aws : .・ .. ・ .、 「 .D・fi・i・i・n・.3.恥・.▽i。・(V;pも(i−・,2),里d。fine・hO、㎝▽1・▽2互、.(▽1・▽2)X…こ▽も・礒s 『”’
for sε r(v), xε r(TN). Fbr▽εo(v;P)and Qε EM)(v), we define the 幽(∼▽and「VQ’互ζ− 「 』㌧ .”‘(・・3)(W)で内・・Q(・f)㎝d(・Q)で・一▽k(Q・)・ ‘ .
DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY.OF(恥RAL CONNECTIONS
・』・・ha・・▽1・▽2
C・(v;P1・P2), Q,、・(v;Qp)and.vQ。。(v;ee). the set O(V)has a st則cture of㎜(V)一頑ule with res㏄ct to血e addition and multiplication defined as in the above definition. エ L For PεEND(V), define P^εEND(V^) by (P^n)(s) :=n(Ps)for エ η・r( ’sV),sεr(v)・T・k・・a・c・variant deriv・tiv・▽,o(v;P).硫can d。fi。。▽ ね rO(ザ;P’づby エ (1・4) (▽Xn)(・)・=X(・(P・))−n(▽f)f・r・・r(ゾ), X・r(rU), sεr(V)・ . の L・t・V’ b・vd・t・r・bu・d1…v・r N・nd P1ε㎜(V’)(i−1,2).[・efi。。 P㌔P2。、 恥(占v2)by・eq・・…g(・’・P2)(・、⑳、)・(P1・、)・(P2・2)・・r・i・・(・’). ウ . ひ T・k・▽1・・(Vエ・P1)(i・・,2)・W・・ca・d・fi・・▽1・▽2・・(・1・f 、 plQp2)b, ロ 「equ1「lng (・1・▽2),(・、・・2)一(・ト、)・(P2・2)・(P1・、)・(・ξ、) f。・・i・r(V1), X・・㈹・an・・w・ca…・urally ex・・nd▽・・(V;P)and▽i・ ロ ■ ・(V’・P1)・・g−c・nnec・i・n・・n・h・・dua・be・d…釦d・en・・r p・・duc・㎏・d….・・ will use the same symbo1▽for the extensions of ▽. Given《pε r(End(V))and ヨみ g ε r((vev)^), we have the following formulas: (1・5) (▽)(rp)・=VX(rpP・)−Prp(▽X・)・ (1・6) (VXg)(・、・・2)−X(9(P・、・P・2))−9(▽X・i・P・2)−9(P・、・▽f2) f・r…1・・2・「(V)and X・r(rU)・エ・c・ntra・t t・the case・f・・ua1…nec− ti…,・・V d・e・・・・…i・h i・g・nera・・b・・e・ve・f・r h・・(・・m(V㌔V1,ヂ))・nd A・r(H㎝(XiZ,・md(V1)),。。 h。v。 (…)(・語)(・、・・i)・・V〈(・〈P1・、,P1・ゴ))−Wh(・秦、,P1・、,) −P%(P1・、,・支・、1), (1・8)(▽始)・2s・:=暖(A,・。2P1・・)−PIA,妾,2Pll・−PIA,・、,Yl・・ . ・・r・、,・i・・(V1),・2・r(V),…㈹. We will consider two types of induced g−connections. The first type is induced by a pair of vector bundle homomorphisms. The second type is induced by a bundle map. 7172
H.NEM)m
1£tVand W be vector bundles over N. Take LεHOM’(V,W), RεHOM(W,V) and▽ε0(V;P). 1)。fi。i,i。n・.4.・h。 i。duced鍵・・m・c・i・n LVR・9・(W;LPR)堕巴旦vector bundle_(L,R)エ旦defined bL]Z
(1・9) (LVR)xt・・L(▽X(Rt)) for tεr(w), Xεr(TN). 1et M be an m−dimensional manifold and let us consider a map F:M→N. ・。。ave。・。r㎞・・。 V wer N,・・d・n…th…中ced加・d…ver ・・b・ ・#V,・h・ bund、。 m。p.b, F,F㌔今・。。d・、。 re,t。i。t・。n・・血・fib・e b, Fq・(F#・),−VF(,)・・r q・M…fi・・F’・r(・)一・(F#・)・・(F’・)(・)・一 ・;1(・(・(・)))・・rsεr(・)・・・・…rP・END(・)…fi・・F”・・END(・“V) byreq。i。・。g(F㌔)F#・・一言(・・)f・r sεr(・). 、。fi。i、i。。、.5.,。r▽。。(,、P), th。 i。duced皇一c。nn・c・i・・F#・・ ・(F#V;F㌔)ib g lSi・d・・哩F旦d・fi・・d堅re ui・i・ (F#・)。F#・−F;1(・取・) ’、f・・sεr(・)…m,,・・M漣ere㌦重血e diffe「㎝tia1≡血e哩
F :M→N.
Definition 1.6. A倉rconnection(▽,P)≦聖V主旦said主≧b竺三蜘三if P is旦『一型・ .
ぷ− Definition 1.7. 1£t gεr((voov)ハ)bsこ皇」fibre metric g旦V. △9r・・n・ecti・n(▽,P)里V主・aid旦≧m・t・i・旦▽9=0・th・t工・
(・Xg)(・、・・2)−X(9(P・、…2))−9(・f、・P・2)−9(P…▽f2)=° for s.ε r(V)and Xε r(TN). 173 DI FFERENTIAL GEOMETRY OF GENERAL CONNECTIONS
Definition 1.8. The element 2
RεHOM(A
(1.10) R(X・Y)・・一▽X(▽Y(P・)) for s ε r(V) and X, (▽,P). 一▽Y(▽X(P・))P(▽[XY](Pミ)) 一(▽xlV)▽f・(▽Y・V)▽f (TN),End(V)) defined by , 阜二connection Yεr(TN), is called the curvature tensor of the In particular, follOWS: if V=TN, then we can define the torsion tensor as Definition 1.9 (1.11) T(X,Y) for X, Yε r(TN), is TN. If T=0, then . Let V=TN. 全旦elemen七丁 ε H(m(maTrg,ru) defined I≧Z ・一▽)(Y−▽詳一P[X,Y] called the torsion tensor of the g−connection is _the 9・「connection (▽,P) on said to be torsion free. §2. Regular metric 97connections. In this section, we will mainly treat of regular metric g−connections on TN. Hereafter we denote a regular metric g−connection by an r.m.g−connection for brevity. We wi 11 give the existence theorem of r.m.g−connections on TN and the uniqueness theorem of torsion free r.m.g−connections on TN. Leち(▽,P)be an r.m.g−connection on V. Since the principal end㎝orphism P is regular, there exists the inverse endomorphism Q such that 、 (2・1) m−()P ・ IV・ w・d・・…by Q▽and▽Q p。Oduct, Qv and▽Q re,Pe。・i。。1y, i.。., . (…)Q・x・・−Q・x・a・d▽QX・ ・一・x(Q・) ・・rx・r(・・)・sεr(・)・Th・n・・㎝(…),・・fi・d・Yh・・Q・,・Q・・(…v)・・e・ gbe a fibre metric on V・ As P is regular, we can define a new fibre metric Vc
PgonVby
ロし (2・3) (P“9)(・1・・2)・・9(P・1・P・2) f・r・1・・2・r(V)・L・t・u・ ・h・・th・f・11・wi・g・74 Hl NEM)丁0
一.2・1・_
metric 1£and⊇互
■ IS metr1C. Proof). Ffom (1・6),「 (Vxg)(・1・・2) An三・9三cOnnection (▽,P) the u。u。1。。nnecti。ti q▽。n v・with th。 (2・1) and (2.3), on V with a fibre metric g is ☆ fibre metric P g we have六 一一”Q 一山 Q・f、)
f・rX・r㈹・・s1・・2・r(V)・〔hi・p・。PO・iti・n f・11・w・f・㎝U・e ab・v・ equation. . 『 Especially, if V=TN, then we can proveヒhe next propc)sition.−2.2.aP三.9r…necti・n(▽,P)巴耶.主t・r・i・n lfree]王・・d
⊇旦・h・呈…1・・n・・♀・i・nQ・里腿.・…i…ree・
Proof)? We.assume that (▽., P)、 is torsion free. Then it follows from (1.11) that we have . . (2・4).『.▽》ぎ・▽♂=P[X・Y] . for X, Yεr(TN).. Operating『Q to b〈)th sides of(2.4),We Obtain Q・ky−Q・子一[・,・], Whi。h,h。w, th。t(?V i。 t。f,i。n free.・th。. B_。、e ca。 b。 verifi。d by following back 廿le above process・ . ㎏(P・1・P・2)−9(▽)&・・2)−9(P・1,▽)E2) −n9(pS1・P・2)−9(m▽f1・P・2).−9(P・1・m▽)E2) −x(Pg)(・i・・2)(P’9)(▽fl・・2)(P”9)(・1・ (Q・,((P“・))(・、,・2) The proposition 2.1ヒtihd‘2.2 implyヒhat if an r.m.9−connection(▽,P,9)on 刊i。tO.。i。n吊?窒??C・hen血。͡1。。nnec・i。。 Q豆。n耶i;。』。i−Ci。i・a 『 ☆ connection wiヒh respect to the metric P g.工hus the existence and uniqueneSs theor㎝s of the Levi−Civita connection yield』the following OtsUki一陥gayama・s theorem: .Theorem 2・3([10],[15])・ For皇L三竺9坐二endomo ism P and旦non一旦主旦9」⊆」皇三 ご三(O,2)−tensor g≦≧旦N, thereエ旦旦grconnection (▽,P) su(力 that gエ旦P≡1岨出r上旦(▽,P)・}brewer旦(▽,P)主旦t・rsi・n free,▽工旦
三』determined・
DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY OF GENERAL CONNECTIONS We also have following theorem: Theor㎝2.4. For旦torsion査ree三.巴.&−connection(▽,P,g)2旦耶, thereエ旦
旦蛙』・i−Ci・ita−ecti・n D・ith r旦P☆9,頑th。・D−Q▽.
≦≧2竺『, for旦Levi−Civita connection with E2Sp99三主皇gand皇」三皇g竺1皇三一P皿皿・there主阜蛭t・r・i・n free三・旦・9・・nn・cti・・(▽,P)≡
…uch・h・・▽−pD・・d▽(♂9)一・,也・・蔓,血・9−・・nnec・i。n(・,P)旦。。・.i。・i血塑」P♂9,曲ere Q−P−1.
When a g−connection (▽,P) is regular, it is closely related to the usua1 …n・c・i・nD−Q▽.. E,p。ci。11y。。 gi。。 a rel。,i。n・be、。ee。,he c_、ure . ten・・rS R・f(▽,P)andK・f D. th・・rem 2.5.垣(▽,P)堕≡.9−・c・i・n≡Vand D・Q▽. Tlrt・≡have
(2・5) R(X・Y)・=P(PK(X・Y)(P・)・(D)∼)((DyP)・)一(DyP)((DXp)・)) f・rX, Y・「(rW), sεr(V), Wh・・e R主the cuwatu・e仁en・・r延・(▽,P)and K i・ the curvature tensor of D. Proof). By virtue, of the definition of R and fr㎝(1.10), we haveWhe「e l is出e identity end°m°「phi・m・n V・ P▽[X,Y]P・
(2.6) = R(X・Y)・=VX(Vy(P・)) −P▽[X,Y](P・) (Vxl)▽YS+(Vyl)▽xs・ 『 We・xpress▽X(Vy(P・))・and(Vxエ)略 ’
▽X(Vy(P・))=▽X(PQVy(P・))VX(PDY(P・)) =PDX(PDy(P・))=P(P)8)(DY(P・))+P2DpY(P・) 一 P2P>(DY(P・)・P(DXp)((byP)・)・P(DXp)(PDys)・ (2・7) P▽[・,・](Ps)=P2D[・,・](P・),... 7576 . H.NEM〕丁0 (2.8) (Ψxエ)Vf 一▽x(PVf)−ev)控 一 PDx(P2 DyS)−P2Dx(PDyS) −P(D)(P)(PDys)・P2DX(PDys)−P2DX(PDys) ・P(ぽ)(PDyS)・ Sul)stituting (2.6), (2.7)and (2.8) into (1.10), we dbtain (2.5). Reirvark.2.1. Since tD,一▽Q i, a1,。 a u、ual。。nnecti。n。n v, we can g・t the following .theorern by similar caluculations. Th。。rem・2.6.・・e・(・,P)bg A・L 9.97。・nnec・i・n旦vand・D−▽Q.而en里
have
R(X・Y)・−P’K(X・Y)(P2s)・(’E3(P)(’D己)(P・)一(’DyP)(’DXp)(P・) f・rX, Y、r(TN), sεr(V)垣er・’K竺thC・urvature t・n・・1 gf ’D. §3. An r.9−connection(▽,P)on V satisfying▽1=0・ In §1, we remarked that (▽XI)s =▽X(Ps) −P▽X『 ≠Oin general・ This section is devoted to s tudy the case ヒhat・▽1 =0. In the sequel we denote a g−connection(▽,P)on V by(V,▽,P). In particular, if V=皿ミ,⑭e denote (TN,▽,P) by (▽,P) for brevity. The following Proposition is fundamental and usefu1. ltg1gRgEl,1lggt on 3.1. 1£t(V,▽,P)互旦皇」ε亡connection. Then▽1=0主£and≦些こ if・DP −O,血ere D−Q▽. 層 Proof). In relation to ▽I and DP, we can find that (▽Xエ)・一▽X(P・)−P▽f −PDx(P・)−P2DXS “ −P(馬((P・)−PDxs) −P(D)8)・ f・rXε「㈹・sε「(V)・ Our proposition follows fr㎝the above equation.・・FF・]RENTIAL.
@GEOME・RY・F唖皿・・NNEq・・N・
(bnceming a curvature t飽sor, we get the followings: 塑主]⊇旦3・2・ Let (V,▽,P)]≧皇皇L『監connection. 三£▽1=Oh°1ds・旦hw≒ . .
(3.1) R(X,Y)・・P3K(X,Y)。 for X, Yεr(TN), sεr(V), Where R旦the cUr▽ature tensor≦重(▽,P>and K is ・h・・9L・Lh・u・ua・…ne⊆ti・・D・%・ ft・・f)・Since▽1−0…h・v・▽X(P・)・一卑・a・d DP−O’by・Vi・tue・f Proposition 3.1. Hence (2.5) in Theorem 2.5 proves our proposition. .. Theorem 3.3. Let1(N,g)be an.n−dimensional Riemannian manifold. We assume that (▽,P,g)エ旦旦torsion free三.巴.監connection and▽1=0. Then the curvature tensor R≦≧£(▽,P,9)satisfies ,忌、R(X・Y)Z=°lf♀・X・Y・4・「㈹・Where G mean、。主。㎝舳r旦。, Yand Z. ’ .
X,Y,Z ・…f)…㎝・h・assu・np・i6・, W・・ee・h・・D.−Q▽i・a』i−ci…acg・nec− tion by meanS of Theorem 2.4. .[phgrefore we get(3.・) (9}5k〈・,Y)Z−・,
.x・Y・z . ” Where K is the curvaturO tensor of D. Then Proposition 3.2 shows our Theoreln. Now, we will s tudy a case that the principal endomorphism P of a ・ 9−connection (▽,P) satisfies (3.3)』@ P・一,・..(,一士1).
:霊血a官c°nnect’°n’s「eg”’a「and th;’nve「s?e竺d卿h’sm Q°f P’s
(3.4) Q=εP. 1・thi・ca・e, it i・w・11一㎞・皿th・t there i・aRi晶nnian・・t・i・g・n N sudh that (3.5) g(PX,PY) =g(X,Y). . ・・fac・, f・・a・arbi[rary Ri。m。nnian・th。,。i。 h, if。。 d。fi。。出e W Ri鎚mian metric g by ・(・,・)・{(・(ぴ)・h(・,・)), 7778 H.NEM)TO then we can easily verify that the metric satisfies (3.5)、 、From now on, we 。』y、ass㎝。 th。t。ur m。t。i。 g。ati。fies(3.5)if P2−・1(・・士1). Theorem 3.4. Let (▽,P,g)勉皇旦torsion free巴.g三connection幽P2 =−1(!r1gEp. P2=工).旦▽1=0, then the Ri㎝amian manifold(N,g,P)注皇 K5hler manifold (ErgE巨.皇二1iggeUzii p1gOdgS三三Riemannian manifold). lt・・f).At fi・・t w・。bt・i・th・t(▽,P)i・an r.9−6・nnecti・n becau・e・f P2 ・.エ(re,p. P・一・). Hence・i・f。11。。、 f。㎝』r㎝2.4・h。・D・QV i, a . ★ 1evi−Civita comection with respect to P g=9. Moreover閲since▽1=0, the almost co㎎)1ex s tructure (resp. the almost product structure) P is parallel with respect to.Dby virtue of Proposition 3.1. ’These ccmplete the proof of Theorem.・. §4. Submanifolds of Riemariniとn manifolds with 9−connections. ロ 1£t (N,g)be an n−dimensional Riemannian manifold and F :M →N.an is㎝etric i㎜erSion. Since our calculations硫11.be 16ca1,頑hout loss of generality, we may assume that F is an㎝bedding.『[[hen we will identify M 。i、h i,,ぬ9。 F(M)i。 N, F#TN。i品皿, F#▽。i・h▽and F#P 。i・h P, re,Pe・・ive− ly・ In the se(担al we simply say that卜I is a submanifold of a Riemannian m・if。ld(N,9).桓t m・nd血b・th・tang・・t bund1・and the n・rm・1・be・dl・ ・ver M re・pecti・・1y・Mbre・v・・the re・t・i・回加・d1・司M i・al・・w・itt・n by th・・㎝・・)mb・1コN.皿・m・t・i・・nピM砲i・h i・・aturally i・duced f…gi・ den・t・d by g⊥. W・den・t・th・p・Oj・cti・n・f TN t・mU(・esp. Wh)by j(re・p. j⊥).th・n, f・r X, Y・r畑), w・hav・ Vx¥−j(VxY)・j⊥(VxY).・ 「 D・fi・iti・・4・1・F。・X・Y・r畑)・里甦、▽kY .,−j(▽kY)・・d h(X・Y)・= j⊥(VxY)・ For f ε C(M), we have 、
DI FFI]RENTIA工 GEICIMETRY OF GENERAL CONNE(汀10NS
(4・1) VX(fY)一▽X(fY)・h(X,fY)・ピ . ・
On the other hand, the definition of a g−connection ( ロ▽,P) and P=jP+j⊥i imply that(4・2) VX(fY)一(Xt)it・fVxY
・(Xf)j(tw)・㈹j⊥(tw)・fVX・・th(・,・)・ Comparing t力e right hand sides of (4.1)wit力 (4.2), we obtain (4・3) VX(fY)一(Xf)PY・+fVxY・ h(X,fY)一(Xf)j⊥(酎)・fh(X,Y), sdコere we put (4.5) P :=j戸ITM. Then p is an end㎝or由ism on嘗N.[lhe equation(4.3)and(4.5)show that the following theorem: シ Theorem 4.1 ([2]). 1et (M,9)be an m−dimensional sulrmanifold of an 旦一dimensional Riemannian manifold (N,9)with皇宕connection (▽,戸). Then (▽,P) defines旦9−connection on TM. ThiS 9−c・nnecti・n is said t・be th・.i・血ced g−c。nne6ti。。。n別. Next, w・will d・fine a g−c・・n・cti6h・n血. w・d・fine a・d・d。m。坤i,m P±・n㌔by
(4・6) P’・−j−LPI,」−M. F・・X・r(rv),ξ・r(曲),’w・‘h。v。 . VXξ一j(VXξ)・j⊥(▽Xξ)・ ・・fi・iti・n 4・・…rX・r(四)・ξ・・(dV)・旦巴・ξ・・一一j(▽,9)・・d穿・・j⊥(v。ξ)・ .. .:.
’ Then for f ε C(M),we have (4・7) ;・(fξ)=−A・ξX+VX(fξ)・ 伽出…her h・rid,,ince(●,戸)i;。g−。。m。c,i。。,。。。6th、h 7980 「H↓NEM)ro
(4・8) ラX(fξ)一(Xf)tc・専「 『 1 囁
一(Xt)j(k)+(#)j⊥㈲一f・tX・咋・ (麺ring the right hand sides of (4.7) with (4.8), we get . −(4・9) Afξx=一(Xf)j(ee)+f矢x・(4…) 破㊧・(め計臼時・.
伽。w。・hav・ th・f・11皿i・g.th…tm. th・・rem・4・2・let(M・9)速聖巴一d㎞學・i・na1・u㎞anif♀1d≡≡n−dimen− 。i。nal R麺nni。n・ma・if・1d(N,9)・i ・h旦9・・血ecti・n(V,戸).舳(≠,めd・fi…a9−9・mecti・99n rfM.
In a‘si・i・・一…au・ua・・u』…d・h・・ry・…t・・r『.・h・G・Yss ・亭d the W(∋ingarten formulas as follows: (4…) ・,▽ぷrVぷ・h(X・Y)、’..・.th・Gau・S.f・rmu14・(4・・2)..・Vrf−一%・・穿..・. th・We’㎎ar…9・麺1・・
R−k4.L脆頑…⊇・・h・r(H㎝(㎜,tM))・・dA・.
r(H㎝(fM,宜d(m)). Thi・ca・e will b・di・cussed in a l・ter part・f中i・ section. We consider 亡he torSion tensor of the induced g’Connection・ コLet T be the torsion tensor of the g−cormection (▽,P)・ Theorem 4.3. Let (M,g)]〕竺旦旦巴一dimensiOnal suh肌anifold≦≧g皇旦旦一dimen− − コsional Riemannian manifold (N,ii) with旦9−connection (▽,P)・ 1三the 鍵。。。』。c・i・h(▽,P)・旦・・云・i・n free, th・n・・h・i㎡・ced倉・・nn…i・n(・,P)主 Theorem 4.1 is also torsi㎝free. .... Proof). By assumption, we have 壬(X,Y)一▽)ぎ一Vl一予[X・Y]−0; ・ub・ti・・ti・g(4…)i…ab・ve e甲・・i・一・輌g・・e・f P・j予・」⊥予・ I we obtainDIFFI]RENTLAL GEOMETRY OF(正NERA]L CONNECTIONS ▽xy−▽声・h(X・Y)−h(Y・x)−jP[X,Y]−j⊥予[X,Y]一・ρ・ Taking a tangential part and a normal part of this eq碑tion, we. can find that (4・13)T(X・Y)・一▽xy−▽♂−P[X・Y]−0・ (4.・4) h(X,Y)−h(Y,X)−」⊥P[X;匂, 曲ere T denotes the torsion tensor of the induced g・・coτmection(▽,P)and P=j●
plm・The equa・i・n・(…3)…ve・・ur asser・i6n・『
N・w,w・ remark・d th・t h did n・t d・fine an ・1・ment・f r(H㎝(㎜,TLM)). It seems tha.t 亡his fact is unnatura1. Then we will introduce a’hotion of adapted submanifolds according to [2] (see also [13]). Definition 4.3. Let (M,g)be an m−dimensional suEmanifold of・an − ロ ロ聾di肥・・i・na1 Ri㎝・㎜i㎝・咀nif。ld(N・9)・ith旦鍵・。mecti。・(▽rP)・th・submanif°1d陸N担said旦≧…←旦ea也蛭≡巴mp and n°㎜1
ER99g t・p are・nv…諏t;皿・6品e ac・i・U gLf Lh・』・・d・㎜・・m♪・
pgrPtlM・.. ’ 、、 ’. 1 ”. . . .1’
予mp(TMp・if・,ωp.孔’.”・。・p… …
The°「㎝4・4・4’(M・・)塵≡di㎎日si°na1←s旦1㎜1〔°1d≡≡』
− ロ エ 旦一dim・n・i・・al.Ri・man・ian manif・1d(N,9)硫th鍵・2mec些・(V,P)・th・n巴魁 hεr(H㎝(脚M,TLM))and Aεr(H㎝(T⊥M,1血d(皿)))、.悦reovef,’・if the.・ コ コ9−c°nnecti°n(▽・司主t°「si°n f「ee・些en h尊く主・t已t担・b(X》Y)=
h(Y,X). 國 P・。・f)・F・㎝th・adapt・dness・r.M・・e−can・・P・1・dr血・t. .、.∵ (4・15) j 戸IT⊥M=O and j⊥♪ITM=q・ . , .、 Hence (4.4) and (4.9) are rewritten respectively as (4.16) h(X,fY) =fh(X,Y), . 『.〕.(4・17).AfξX=fACX ,f・・feC(M)・. ..
8182 H.’ mEM)TO
F・・m(1・2)・we have、. 、 . ・.
コ ロ ロ − ’・..▽fxY=f▽ky.and▽㎡=fVXξ・ .’吊. frOm品idb . ’ . 、・、 . ▽fxy+h(fX・Y)=f▽ky+fh(X・Y)・:・!.
鼕 ・W・−fA,…嘘,・ .
Where we have used(4.11)and(4.12). Taking a ta㎎ential part and a normal part of above equations, we dbtain vαY−fVx’Y・. 、.,..、、藤・f亭 「 .、
(4.18) 「 h(fX,Y)=fh(X,Y), L.(4・手9)t. AefX=fAξX・...、 、 .
亜e輌i・n・(…6)一く・4・);・・…hE}・.h・・(㎞(㎜・dV)).・㎡.・・ r(Hom(曲,End(ru))).}lore・ver if th・g−c。nn・cti㎝(▽,戸)i・tO・・i。・free,血・n (4・・4)a・Kl(4・・5)i叩・y・ha・hir・獅・・i…h・・e c・mP・・ti・血・pr・・f・ 』…c・11hthe seC・nd f輌ent・1 f・im and Ag中・・h・pe・P・rat・r at ξ. These.quantities are generali,zations of those in the usual subrnanifoldth・・ry・ . .... .t.
In.the Usual submanifOld.血eory, the sec6nd fundamental form h has natu− ra1.relati6h with theもhape‘operator A. so. we.’exPect that. similar r61ations hold in our Submanifold.匂I eory… . 』 『 th・・re・n 4’.5.・let(M,9)11星1旦巴一dime・・iOh・1…r1’・u㎞釦if・ld≡≡ 旦一dimen・i・nal Riα㎜・ian㎜if・1d(N,9)with旦9−・。nnecti。n(▽,P).旦th・ 9r・・nnecti・n(▽,P)皇met・iC,・th・h堕h・》・. 9(・ξ・・m−9⊥(h(…)・P‘ξ) 『「
for X, Yεr(TM),ξεr(T⊥M). .・ 、 . P…f).F。・X, Y・r㈹,ξ・r([irLb4), we g・t ’∀ DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY OF・GENERAL CONNECTIONS (Vxg)(Y・ξ)一)毫(Py・戸ξ)−9(VxY・,ξ)−9(it,▽Xξ)−0 . becau。e(▽,P)i、肥・。・。.−S。b,t・,。、i。g(4.・・),(4.、2),’.py.PV and Pξ.内 into the above equagiop., we get ・ −9⊥(・(…)・P⊥ξ)・9(PY・・ξ・)一・・ Thi・c・卿1・tes th・p…f’ D. ≡S°「㎝4・6・L・t(M・9)里≡巴一di・・n・i・nal塑・yb−一・if・・d≡≡ ⊇・n・i・h・・R・一・・一・if・・d(・・9)・・L・・9・9r・・早・ec・i・n(▽,戸)・旦・h・ コ &二connection (▽,P)1旦metric,主.皇.,▽9=O, then the induced倉connection (▽・P)三met「’c w’Lh・…P・9Lt lL.・・エ・9・・▽9=°・. fr・・f)・Since(ロ ロ▽,P)i・m・t・ic and M i・ad・pt・d, we ca・g・t th・f・11・輌g equality by the aid of (4.11) and (4.15): ロ ー (▽xg)(Y・z) 一)毫(− −PY,PZ)−9(▽)き・予Z)一毫(Py・VxZ) 、 ロ =㎏(pl・PZ)−9(▽Xy+h(X・Y)・PZ)一.9(PY・▽f+h(X・Z)) =㎏(PY,PZ)’9(VxYIPZ)−9(「v・VxZ) 『一(Vxg)(・,・) ・・r X,・,・・r([[rvl). Thus.if ▽g =O, we have ▽g=0. ’ R・ma・k 4・・・・…th・・一・・p・・v・d by C・…g面・]…n・h・gir・f)・ec・i・n コ ロ (▽・P)i・reg・1・r・ th・・re・n 4・7・let(M・9)已≡せd㎞S・§i・・a1}・u迦・if・1d亜≡ 9’gt・・n・i・na1 Ri醐mian m・if・ld(N・9)・ith旦宕…n・c・i♀・(▽・P)・旦・h・ 9−・・nn・cti・n(コ −▽,P)主m・t・i・,エ.旦., Vg』o, then’th・9−6・nnecti・n(f,P⊥)・・ ・h・n・㎜1加・d1・曲主爬t・i・元三.旦.,▽⊥9−O. 83
84 H..NEM)TO Proof). For Xεr(TM),ξ,nεr(TrLM),.we find that (Vx9)(ξ・n).一滝(Pξ・fU)−9(Vf・h)−9(Pξ・Vxn) 一 xg(pLξ・pJ−n・)−9(−AgX−十・pJ’n)−9(tξ・−A,X一破・)一 一 xg⊥(P±ξ・i’L・)−9⊥(十・P’Ln)−9⊥(P’ξ・txn) 一(txg⊥)(ξ,・) by virtue Of the assumption that M is m・triC, th・n.it,P⊥)i・m・t・ic. コ adとpted and (4.12). Hence if (▽,P) is R(X,Y)Z =▽xV・PZ−Vy▽迂Z−P▽[,,・]♪Z−(▽、1)▽♂一(ゆ▽f for X, Y, Zεr(TM),曲ere董is the identity endomorphism on TN. Note that (Vx「)▽子・▽x(戸▽♂)一鞭♂・ At first, we calculate first, third and fourth terms of (4.20)by means of (4.5), (4.6), (4.11), (4◆12) and (4.15). (4・21)VX▽隅Z−▽X(▽己Z−h(Y・PZ)) ・▽X・yPZ−h(…Yp・)一%(。,,ti−tX(・(・・PZ))・ (4・22)予▽[・,・fZ=’P▽[X,・IPZ.−Pth([X・Y]・PZ)・ (4・23)(VX「)▽ヂー▽X(戸▽YZ)一卿乙. =▽X(P▽♂)−h!X・P▽1)一.m(Y,Z)X −fx(・”Ly・(Y,Z))−P・X・YZ−i?’Lt,,(・,VyZ) ・P%(,,、)X一嚇(・(…))・ Lastly, fOr an adapted submanifold (M,9) of a Riemahnian manifold (N,ξ) ・ith・g−c・〔・9・ti・n(▽・P)・we・tUdy.rel・・i・n・・f curv・t・r・・・…r・ass・cit・d with(V,P),(▽,P)and(f,pL), re・Pe・tiv・ly. Th・ ・quati・n・Whi・)h・・rre・p・nd to the equations of Gauss, Codazzi and Ricci in the usual submanifold theory Wi11・b・giv… By th・d・fi・iti・n・f・curv・tyre t・n・。r R・f(V,P),・ee(1・10), (4.20) Subs tituting (4.21), (4.22) and (4.23) into (4.20), we obtain 、
F DIFFERENTIAL (]OMETRY OF GENERAL CONNECTIONS (4.24) j(R(X・Y)Z)=R(X・Y)Z−%(・,PZ)X+%(・,・・)Y+蜘・,・)X −Ap±(,,、)Y−P%(y,、)・・P%(,,、)・ ・h(X,VSZ)・h(Y,VXpZ)−P’Lh([X,Y],PZ) + (h(X,Z)), is the curvature tensor of (▽,P)and I denotes the identity endornorphism on TM..Let I⊥b・ th・id・ntity・nd㎝・rphi・m・・T㌔. N。ti。g th。t、 (▽xl)Y=マX㈹一. P▽)(Y・ (VX・⊥)ξ一VX(P⊥ξ)−P⊥破ξ,‘ we can rewrite (4.24) as follows: (4・25)R(X・Y)Z=R(X・Y)Z一缶(Y,PZ)X+.%(X,PZ)Y +Aii・Lh(Y,Z)X一㌔㌔(X,Z)Y−?%(Y,乞)X+P%(X,Z)Y’「 ・eX(h(Y・PZ))−ey(h(X,P・))一古く[廟,PZ) −P㌔(…X・)+「P㌔(…♂)・h(・,(Vy・)・)−h(・,(・X・)・) 一(破・⊥)h(・,・)・(弍・⊥)h(・,・)・ lh・・w・h・v・th・.f・11・wi・g th・ρ・em・・
』・㎝4.8.’L・t(M,9)蛭≡巴一di・・n・i・・a1←・ubmafiif・1d旦≡
旦一dimensional Rielnannian manifold (N,9)with皇&二connection (⑰,予). Then wehave
(4・26) 」(R(X・Y)Z)=R(X・Y)Z−%(・,PZ)X咋(、,PZ)・ +Ap㌔(Y,Z)X一臨(X,Z)Y−P%(Y,Z)X+P%(X,Z)Y・ ・h(・・P▽♂)・h(・…f)・P」h(・・▽)一 ・’Lh(・,V) ・破(h(・・PZ))−tY(h(・,PZ))−tX(・㌔(・,・)) 弍(pJ−h(x))・P寸(h(…))−P⊥tY sthere R(X・Y)Z=[▽X・Vy]?Z 一. P▽[、,。]PZ 一(VXI)早+(Vyl)▽f 8586 H.’rM)TO
th・・r㎝、4・9・1−et(M・9)単聖巴一d㎞…i・・a1塑.・uh㎜ifqld≡聾
旦一dimensional Riemannian manifold (N,g)with皇」鍵connection (▽,P). Then里竺 have ・ ド (・・27)j⊥(R(…)・)一壕(・(・・Pz))−ey(・(・・PZ))−P㌔([…]…) 一、P乍(Yl▽子)・P㌔(…♂)・h(X・(Vy・)・)−h(・・(VX・)・) ・ 一(fx・⊥)b(…)・(tY・⊥)・(・・Z)・ We ca11 七he equation (4.26) and.(4.・27) the 6quation of Gauss and the equation of first Codazzi, respectively. F・rX, Y’・r畑),ξ・r(,[・Liyi), by th。 d。fi。iti。。。f良。。 h討。 (4.28) R(X,Y)ξ 一wξ一脚ξ一予▽[。,y]予ξ一(▽靹・・(Vy・)Vx・・ By making use of (4.5), (4.6), (4.11), (4.12) and (4.15), 亡heヒfirst, third and fourth terms of (4.28) can be expressed as follows: (4.29) (4.30) (4.31) vx・yPξ・・ ・x(一“…ξY+v“P’ξ) =一▽X(P・,・…Y)一.・h(X・早・Y)’鵠叶・X+V・fyP±・・ P▽[・,・]Pξ∵rξ[X・Y]+PIV[,,。]P”ξ・ (Vxl)Vf−Vx(PVf)一.pv・・w −V・(−PAξY+塒)−PVX(−AξY+十) =−VX(PA・Y)−h(X・PA・Y)一牛嘘X当(峠)+鴎Y)+Pth(X・A・Y)−P糠X’吋+・
.S”brlitYt’ng(4・29)・.(・4・3°)and(4・3り’nt°〈4・28)・we.・have ¶DIFFERENTIAL G㎜QF GENERAI.00NNE(rrlC”“S
(4・32)§(X・Y)ξ=’VX(騨)+Vy(寧ξX)1 ’・ P“・t“’ ’: ・PNgX .… +Pll‘・・Lξ間ナA(Ptx・⊥)ξY−・・A(eyめξX・ ・(Vx・)Ny.一(VG)NX・.・..・.’・ .1・ ・R’(X・Y)ξ一h(X・培Y)・h(Y・Ap・ξX)・ ・b(XrP曳Y)一}(…鴫・)−A(・・能・)・A(・・N・)・ Wh・・e R’(…)ξ・・.[蝋]tξ一叶、,,]tg−(tx・⊥)字(中⊥)穿・・t・, 。噸皿。t印,。・。f(ピ,P+.)・・コ㌔..th・・ef。r・. we・al・・h・v・ the・・f・11・頑㎎ theorems: ・’.・; Theorem 4.10. Let (M,9)b竺皇旦!n−dimensional皇座sulmanifold∫≧〔皇旦 L 旦一dimensional Riemannian manifold I(N,9)with旦grconnecti6n’(●,P). Then 1皇 巴: . ・ , .. ・ (4.33) j(§(X,Y)ξ)8● ( .’股匁ξY)+Vy(eξX)+P榛Y−P埣X
◆ PApLξ[X・Y]+A(V,ti)tY・“A(e,f)ξX・(▽xI)AeY−(Vyl)NX・ ’
Theorem 4.11. 1£t (M,g) ]巨竺皇旦巴一iL皇鯉Sul manifold 2£皇聖1 旦一dimensional Riemannian manifold ( コN,9)with旦g−connection (▽,予)◆ Then巴皇 have . . , 、. . , 「 . (4・M)・j⊥(R(X,・>9)・畝X・Y)ξ一h(X・A,y・ξ・)・h(Y・与・ξX) ’ ・h(X・P生Y)−h(ぜ,・慢・)−Wh(・・吐・)・P㌔(・・吐・)・ 恥call the equations・(4.33).and(4.34)the equati㎝10f sec㎝d(bdazzi and the equation of Ri㏄手, resl)eppivelyρ , Re(Tiltk 4.ゴ1。[2]。㎡面, Cl言1’品Uh崩丁. Ot・uki.9・V・ th・ ’・quati・nS 血dh correspond to Theorem 4.8. Of course Theorem 4.8, 4◆9, 4.10 and 4.11 are generalized theorems of usual sub㎜ifold theOry・ ・ 8ヲ88 H.NEM)10 §5・Adapted submanifolds of Riemamian manifolds with r.9−comections. In this section, we will s tudy an m−dimensional adapted submanifold of コRie㎜・ian㎜if・1d(N・9)硫th an r・9−c・m・cti・n(マ,戸). In・Pa・ti・・1・・, we 1nΦrove on Theorem 4.9 and 4.10. At firs t, we give the following proposition:
−5・1・已(M・9)1星≡巴一d㎜・i・nal}・u㎞・nif・1d・f
Ri㎝飢nian㎜if・1d(N,9)ぬh≡三.&r・・nnecti・n(▽,♪). an。。 th。.i。duc。d gr・。nn・cti・・(▽,P)担恥・。・㎝4・1 and th・&・。mecti・n(叶めin・Th。。.㎝4.2are堕・
Pro◎f). As M is adapted, we have ロ欧=ex f。・X・刑P・P・M・
If翫e「e exists a n。・’zer。・ec…X・em,…輪・・M・u血・ha・aX…血・・
エ we・bt・i・aX=PX=0・Thi・c・nt・adi・t・the assu叩ti・・th・t P is reg・lar. Hence P is a regular endotnorPhism on TM. Similarly we can prove that P⊥ is a reg・1・・end㎝。rpl・i・m・n内、 Remark 5.1. As concems wi th the induced g−connection(▽,P), this proposition is proved by C.S. Ho血 [2].. We den・t・th・i・v…eend㎝・坤i・m・。f P, P㎝d由パ, q andせ respectively. Let h and A be the second fundamental form and the shape operator. Wヒ…define an element Hε r(Hom(㎜,T⊥M)) by(5・1) H(X,Y)・・h(QX,QY) f・・X, Y・r㈹.
Similarly we also define an element Bεr(Hom(T⊥M,Eぬd(TM)))by (5・2) Bgx・−AqLξQX f・・X・r(刑)・ξ・r(,,’‘’・li)・ Then the Gauss f。m・1・(4・11)and th・W・iga・t・・f・㎝・1・(4・12)・・e r蹴itten respectively as(5・3) 駆一VxY・H(ax,rv),
(5・4) 堅・−Bp・ξPX・穿 f。・X・Y・r(衙),ξ・r曲).
DIFFERENTIAL(IEOME…TRY OF(ENI…RAI.(㎜CTIONS Theorern 5.2.1£t(M,g)≧皇旦巴一dimensional皇虫p璽su㎞anifold旦£里 コ − 旦一disnensional Riemannian manifold (N,9)with皇旦三・&rconn㏄tion (▽,P)・ 工1 the 9−connection (▽,P) 工……. metric, then】逆皇have (5・5) 9(・♂・Y)・9⊥(・(…)・ξ) for X, Yεr(TM),ξεr(T⊥M). 西◎◎f).Regardi㎎to Theor㎝4.5, we find that 9(A∼(・「v) −9⊥(h(…)・P’Lc)・ By this, (5.1) and (5・2), it follows that 9(Bp・ξax・「v)−9⊥(H(ax・PY)・P”ξ)・ Since the above equation holds for any tangent vector fields X, Y and any normal vector field ξ, we conclude that (5.5)holds. Next we e刈)ress Theorem 4.8−4.11 in terms of H and B. SUbstituting (5.1) arxl (5.2) into (4.26), we i皿mediately get the
follo硫㎎theor㎝:
’ Theorem 5・3・ 1£t (M,9)h皇旦旦巴一dimensional皇塑submanifold≦≧〔皇旦 旦一dimensional Riemannian manifold (N,g) with三y旦]こ.g−comection (▽,P). Then旦 have, for X, Y, Zεr(TM), (5・6)j(R(x・Y)z)=R(x・Y)z−Bp・H(rv,P・zgx+Bp・LH(Px,P・z)「v +叫・H(rV,pZ)aX’叫・H(aX,PZ)「y−PBp・・H(rV,PZ)aX +PBp・H(即Z)「v・Theor㎝5.4. Under the same皇←旦£Theorem 5.3,旦互the
g「connecヒion (▽,P)主旦torsion free, then里have, for X, Y, Zε r(TM), (5・7) j⊥(R(x,Y)z)・(V−)(Y・Pz)一(》)(x・Pz) 一(eX・⊥)H(rV・PZ)・(ey・’)H(PX・PZ)−H(rV・P(▽X・)Z) ・H(aX・P(▽Y・)Z)・pLH(rV・(▽X・)Z)一内(aX・(▽Y・)Z)・ Wh。。e∀H i, d。fi。ed・h, f。11㎝,(。ee(1.7)), (・・8)(㌔)(…)・−eX(・(・・,PZ))−ti・(・Xy,PZ)−Pt・(rV,・子)・ 8990
H.㎜.
.Pピoof)・ βy virtue of}「theorem’14.3,・“幽find that (▽,P)is・toτsion free, thε÷t, ifi、, . . ・ 、 、(5・9) VxY一早一P[X・Yユ・
On the other hand, from Theorem 4.%(5.1)画(5.2), we obtainj⊥(R(X)Z)一 〆h〈[X,Y],吻
早)+b(x・(VG)P)’hq・IVxl)Z) 、 1⊥)h(X,Z) .:. (5.・O) (H(rV,P・Z)) (H(aX,P・Z))−i・・Lii(P[X,Y],P・Z) . 1⊥)H(PY,PZ) 1⊥)H(PX,PZ). Using (5.9), we《麺r∈願ite the fエrst five termsρf(5.10) qs (5.11) ex(h(Y・PZ))一疇(h(X,PZ))一 一iコ’Lt・(Y,¥)・th(x, 一(Whx⊥)h(Y・Z)・(弍・寝 一ty
−pJH(rv,PVI)・Wh(ex・畔)・H(ax,P(VY・)Z)−H(PY・P(VX・)Z)一(ex ・(fY
tx(蝸・P2Z))−fY(H(ax・P2Z))−Wh(▽ky一早,P2Z) −F≒H(PYi・P●好)+iH(px・・PVItZ) ・ex(・(・・,P2Z))−im(・ky,P2Z)一』 vh(・・,VX(・・)) ・im(・・,・x(rz))−i・’LEi(酋・呼) 一(ey(・(・・,P2Z)−i・”ii(W2Z)−PSH{P・,・y(吻)’ ・内(ax,▽Y(PZ))−Wh(ax・P早)) 一&“)(Y,PZ)一(V声)(X,PZ)・Wh(rv,(・X・)・) 一内(ax,(VYエ)z), Wh・re’we}ha・・u・ed(5・8)ard(VXI)Y・▽X(?Y)一?▽Xy・ to follcvws : .Therefore(5.10)reduces
DI F正ERENTIAL GEOMETRY OF GENERAL CONNECTIONS (匁)(・・PZ)一(》)(・…)・i・’LH(PY,(VX・)・)−P垣(PX,(Vy・)・) −H(PY・P(VX・)Z)・H(PX・P(ゆZ)・(tX・⊥)H(PY,PZ) ・(tYエ⊥)・(PX,PZ), Which shows our theorem. lh・・rem 5.5. U・rd・r th・ sam・『亜m・・r㎝5.4, for X, Yε r(TM),ξ ε r(T⊥M)’, we have (5・12) @j(R(…)・)一一(Vk・)・・…(細)・・e・・Bpi(・;・・)・PY、 ・ 一㌔坤⊥)ξPX+(Vxl)Bp⊥ξPY・T(▽Yエ)㌔⊥ξPX −PB(VX・⊥)ξPY+PB(tY・⊥)ξPX・ 曲ere∀B i, d。fi。。d。, f。11。w。(、ee(1,8))、
(5・・3) (聯)…一▽X(Bp・・PY)−PBぽ一PBpi・▽xy・ ’
P…f).靱meanS。f. th。。。dn 4.・・,(5.・)。。d(5.2),。。’ 9。、 .j(R(X・Y)C) 一一▽X(㌔⊥ξY)+Vy(㌔⊥・X)+ヅ・Y 一叫ξX+PS⊥ξ[X・Y]+A(tx・⊥)ξY ’A(Vy・⊥)ξX+(Vxl)AξY’(VYI)AξX ’(5・14) =−VX(Bp⊥・ξPY)+Vy(Bp’・ξPX)+PB吋ξ百
一P%⊥Vy・PX+PBp’・ξP[X・Y]+Bp’(fx・⊥)・PY 一辱⊥(ey・⊥)ξPX+(Vxl)Bp’ξPY−(Vyl)Bp⊥ξPX・ Now let us calculate the first five terms in(5.14)with the aid of(5.9). Then it follows that 9192 H.NEM)TO 一▽X(B・’一・ξPY)+▽Y(BFL.?ξPX)+P蹄理. −P叫ザ+PB・L・ξP(▽xy−▽□) =一(▽X(”i・L・ξpy)−P吋(pLξ)「v−PB・L・ξ▽xy +P吋(pLξ)「v−P’V(十)助 +Vy(iコ,・L・’cPX)−P鴫(rξ)PX−PB・L・ξ▽1 +P鴨(pLξ)PX−PBrf(・$)PX −一(鱗・Y+(Vp)計・X−PB(VX・・)・PY・+・PB(tY・・)・PX・ Where・…h・v・・u・ed(5・・3)and(fX・⊥)ξ一tX(pLξ)一吋ξ・[[heref・re (5.14)bec㎝es to −(VxB)計・Y+⇔計・X−PB(tx・・)・「v+PB(Vy・・)・PX +B・’(tix・⊥)ξny ’ Bti(tY・⊥)ξPX+(▽xl)せ円一(▽YI)B・’g?X・ 砲i(;hmeans our theorem. ・f。e,ub,ti・。・。(5.・)and(5.2)i。・。(4.34),血。n w。 g。、.th。 f。・・。Ut。g theor㎝: 工heorem 5.6. Uhder the same皇§←旦ε[[heorem 5.4, for X, Yε r([[IYI),ξ・r(血),w・hav・ (5・・5) j⊥(R(…)ξ)−R±(…)ξ一・(Px・・iコ,,・L・ξ助 +H(py・PBp±・ξPX)+H(PX・P2%・ξPY)−H(「V・P2B≠ξPX) −im(PX・・叫ξm・内(・…BpJ一ξ・X)・
DIFIIEiRENTIAL GE()M iTRY l OF GENERAL CONNE(汀10NS