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北極海海氷分布の長期予測が可能な高解像度モデルの構築 川崎

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北極海海氷分布の長期予測が可能な高解像度モデルの構築

川崎 高雄1, 2 、羽角 博康2

1国立極地研究所北極観測センター

2東京大学大気海洋研究所

High resolution modeling for long-term prediction of the Arctic sea ice

Takao Kawasaki1, 2 and Hiroyasu Hasumi 2

1Arctic Environment Research Center, National Institute of Polar Research

2Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo

We construct a high-resolution ice-ocean coupled model which can reproduce the climatological seasonal variability of the sea ice concentration and thickness as a necessary first step for long-term prediction of the distribution of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. The horizontal resolution of the model is less than 10 km to reproduce the mesoscale eddies and boundary currents explicitly in the Arctic Ocean (Figure 1). The simulated margin of sea ice is consistent with satellite observations in winter (Figures 2a and 3a). The summer decline of sea ice is unrealistic in the western Eurasian Basin (Figures 2b and 3b). The reason of the drastic decline of sea ice is that the inflow of warm water from the Atlantic Ocean through the Fram Strait and the winter mixed layer depth are larger than observational estimations. A scheme of sea surface mixed layer and parameterization of brine rejection below lead will be implemented to sort out these issues near future.

北極海海氷分布の長期変動予測が可能なモデル構築の第一歩として、海氷密接度・厚さ分布の気候値的な季節 変動をよく再現する高解像度海氷海洋結合モデルのセットアップを行った。海氷分布に大きな影響を与える北極 海内部の海洋場をよく再現するために北極海及びその周辺海域での渦や境界流を陽に表現できる水平解像度を 10km以下の水平格子系を設定した(Figure 1)。冬季においては北極海内の海氷密接度がよく再現できた(Figures 2a and 3a)。夏季の海氷縁は大西洋側であるユーラシア海盆の西側で後退が著しく、観測とも大きく異なっていた (Figures 2b and 3b)。この原因としてフラム海峡を通じた大西洋水の流入および冬季混合層の発達が過大評価である ことなどが挙げられる。今後、これらの問題点を解決するために、海面混合層スキームやleadにおけるbrine排出 のパラメタリゼーションの導入を予定している。

Figure 2: Simulated sea ice concentration (%) of Arctic Sea ice in our model on (a) 15th February and (b) 15th August.

Figure 3: Observed sea ice concentration (%) of Arctic Sea ice by satellite (HadISST) on (a) February and (b) August.

Figure 1: Horizontal grid size (km) in our model.

Figure 3: Observed sea ice concentration (%) of Arctic Sea  ice by satellite (HadISST) on (a) February and (b) August

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