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Financial Literacy education and Active Learning in schools

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ܖఄ↚ⅹↀ↺᣿ᗡ∐⇬∏⇝∞૙Ꮛ↗⇈⇕⇬⇉⇼∝∏∞⇱∙

⇖‒

Financial Literacy education and Active Learning in schools

ὸ㔝 ♩⨾Ꮚ Remiko Asano

㸦⌧௦࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺᏛ㒊㸧

ᢒ 㘓

ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱࡜࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡋࠊ኱Ꮫ࡛ᐇ㊶ࡍࡿ

࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱࡟ྥࡅ᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭

࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊඛࡎࡣ㔠⼥࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡬ࡢᏛ⏕ࡢᏛ⩦ពḧ

ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ᫬ࠊᩍဨࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡀ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜࡟㧗࠸౯್ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ

┠ᶆࡸάືࢆᐃࡵࠊ♧ࡍࠊ㔠⼥ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᏛ⏕ࡀ⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ุ࡚᩿࣭⾜ື࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ணᮇࡉࡏࡿࠊ Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡬ࡢᏛ⩦ពḧࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ༠ຊⓗ࡞⎔ቃࢆࡘࡃࡾฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せࡔ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ

࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ

㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࠊ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࠊᩍ⫱᪉ἲ

┠ ḟ

1 ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

2 㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᇶ‽࡜ᐇ᝟

3 ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢㄢ㢟࡜᪉ἲ

4 ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡟ࡼࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶࡟ྥࡅ࡚

5 ࡲ࡜ࡵ

1 ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

1.1 ᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗ

ᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱

࡜࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ᪉㔪ࠊᐇ᝟ࠊཬࡧㄢ㢟

ࢆᴫほࡋࠊ኱Ꮫࡢᩍᐊෆ࡛ᐇ㊶ࡍࡿ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭ࣛ

࣮ࢽࣥࢢࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱࡟ྥࡅ࡚

᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ᳨ウ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ 㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡜࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ

ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࠋ

ඛ ࡎ ࠊ 㔠 ⼥ ࣜ ࢸ ࣛ ࢩ ࣮ ࡢ ᐃ ⩏ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ ࠊ OECD[2005]࡛ࠊࠕ㔠⼥ࡢᾘ㈝⪅ࡶࡋࡃࡣᢞ㈨ᐙࡀࠊ

᝟ሗࠊᩍ⫱ࠊཬࡧᐈほⓗ࡞ຓゝࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ㔠⼥࡟㛵 ࡍࡿၟရࠊᴫᛕࠊࣜࢫࢡࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࠊ㔠⼥ࡢࣜࢫ ࢡ࡜ᶵ఍࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ព㆑ࡋࠊㄝ᫂ࢆཷࡅࡓୖ࡛ࡢ㑅ᢥ

ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ࡝ࡇ࡟ຓࡅࢆồࡵࢀࡤࡼ࠸࠿ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋࠊ㔠

⼥ୖࡢ⚟♴ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᐇຠᛶ࠶ࡿ⾜ືࢆ࡜

ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࢫ࢟ࣝ࡜⮬ಙࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࠖ

࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢෆᐜ࠿ࡽࠊ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡜ࡣࠊ㔠⼥

࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ཬࡧ㔠⼥⤒῭஦᝟ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ㔠

⼥࡟㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡜࡬ࡢุ᩿࡜⾜ືࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⬟ຊ࡜ᤊ࠼

ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

ḟ࡟ࠊ ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᐃ⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ

୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍>@⟅⏦࡛ࠊ ࠕᩍဨ࡟ࡼࡿ୍᪉ྥⓗ

࡞ㅮ⩏ᙧᘧࡢᩍ⫱࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊᏛಟ⪅ࡢ⬟ືⓗ࡞Ꮫ ಟ࡬ࡢཧຍࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓᩍᤵ࣭Ꮫ⩦ἲࡢ⥲⛠ࠖ࡜ᐃ

⩏ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

ࠋࡲࡓࠊ 2013 ᖺࡢ➨ ᮇᩍ⫱᣺

⯆ᇶᮏィ⏬࡟࠶ࡿࠕᇶᮏ᪋⟇ Ꮫ⏕ࡢ୺యⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧ ࡢ☜❧࡟ྥࡅࡓ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁ⓗ㌿᥮࡛ࠖ♧ࡉࢀࡓᇶ ᮏⓗ⪃࠼᪉ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ ࠕᏛኈㄢ⛬ᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᏛ⏕

ࡀ୺యⓗ࡟ၥ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊゎࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ⬟ື

(2)

ⓗᏛ⩦㸦࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ㸧ࡸ཮᪉ྥࡢㅮ⩏

₇⩦ᐇ㦂➼ࡢᤵᴗࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓᩍ⫱࡬ࡢ㉁ⓗ㌿᥮

ࡢྲྀ⤌ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࠋ ࠖ࡜࠶ࡿ

ࠋࡇࢀࡽ㸰ࡘࡢゝཬࢆ

ໟᣓࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡜ࡣࠊ⬟ືⓗ

Ꮫ⩦ࡢ⥲⛠࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠊ 2013 ᖺࡢ➨ ᮇᩍ

⫱᣺⯆ᇶᮏィ⏬࡛ࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡀ୺యⓗ࡟ၥ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊ ゎࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ⬟ືⓗᏛ⩦࡟㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨࠸࡚࠸ࡿ

ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ

௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᮏ✏ࡣ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡜࢔ࢡࢸ࢕

ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆᤊ࠼࡚ࠊ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ

ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋḟ⠇࡛ࡣࠊ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡢ୺࡞

ືྥࠊ⥆ࡃ ❶࡛ࡣࠊ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡢᇶ‽࡜

ᐇ᝟ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ ❶࡛ࡣ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭ࣛ

࣮ࢽࣥࢢࡢㄢ㢟࡜᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡍࡿࠋ ❶࡛ࡣࠊ ❶࡜ ❶࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓෆᐜࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ኱Ꮫࡢᩍᐊ ෆ࡛ᐇ㊶ࡍࡿ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓ 㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆ᥈ࡾࠊ᭱ᚋ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵ

ࢆ㏙࡭ࡿࠋ

1.2 㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡢ୺࡞ືྥ

OECD[2006]࡛ࡣࠊ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ᪩࠸ẁ㝵ࡢ㔠⼥ࣜ

ࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࠊᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࢆ

ᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ OECD[2006]ࡢぢゎࡣࠊ ࠕಶேࡣࣜࢫࢡ㈇ᢸࢆ๓ᥦ࡟ࠊ ௨๓࡟ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶᨻᗓࡶࡋࡃࡣ㞠⏝୺࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ศ ᢸࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓᡭ㛫ࡢ࠿࠿ࡿ㈓⵳㸦౛࠼ࡤࠊᖺ㔠ࡢࡓ

ࡵࡢᢞ㈨ࠊᏊ౪࡬ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱㸧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ༢⊂࡟㈐

௵ࢆ㈇࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ᭦࡟ࠊࡑ ࡢ᪉⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ OECD[2008]ࡣࠊ ࠕᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠

⼥ᩍ⫱ࡣࠊ⤌⧊ⓗ࡞ᅜᐙᡓ␎ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠋࡑ ࡢᡓ␎ࡣࠊ௒᪥ⓗ࣭㛗ᮇⓗᣢ⥆ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓ

ࡵⴭྡ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡶࡋࡃࡣ༠ㄪⓗ࡞ᅋయ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠋ

᭦࡟ࡣࠊࡑࡢᩍ⫱ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ᅋయࡣᡓ␎ࡢⓎᒎ࡟㛵

୚ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺

࡟ࠊ OECD ࡣ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱࡬ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ᥎ 㐍ࡋࠊᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡢᚲせᛶࢆ

ㄝࡃࠋ

ྠᵝ࡟᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࢆಁࡍ

ືࡁࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣࠊ2005 ᖺ 6 ᭶࡟㛶㆟

Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡓࠕ⤒῭㈈ᨻ㐠Ⴀ࡜ᵓ㐀ᨵ㠉࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶᮏ

᪉㔪 2005ࠖ࠿ࡽᮏ᱁໬ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ୰ࡢࠕ㸳.ே㛫ຊ

ࡢᙉ໬࡛ࠖࡣࠊ ࠕ㔠⼥ࢆྵࡴ⤒῭ᩍ⫱➼ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᩍ⫱

࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᏛᰯ࡛ࡢᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝ ཬࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⩣ᖺ 6 ᭶ࡢࠕ⤒῭㈈ᨻ㐠Ⴀ࡜ᵓ㐀

ᨵ㠉࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶᮏ᪉㔪 2006ࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࠕ㸦㸳㸧⏕

⏘ᛶྥୖᆺࡢ㸳ࡘࡢไᗘ࢖ࣥࣇࣛࠖࡢ୰࡛ࠊ ࠕᅜẸ୍

ே୍ே࡬ࡢ㔠⼥⤒῭ᩍ⫱ࡢ඘ᐇࢆᅗࡿࠖ࠸࠺᪉㔪ࡀ

♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

ࡲࡓࠊᨻᗓࡢ᪉㔪࡟⥆࠸࡚ࠊ2006 ᖺ 9 ᭶࡟ࡣ㔠

⼥ᗇ࠿ࡽᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࡬ࡢࠕᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥⤒῭ᩍ

⫱ࡢ୍ᒙࡢ᥎㐍࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࡢᩥ᭩࡟ࡼࡿせㄳࡀ࠶ࡗ ࡓ

ࠋࡇࡢᩥ᭩ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ㔠⼥ᗇࡣࠊᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢẁ 㝵࡛മົ⟶⌮ࢆྵࡵࡓ㔠⼥⤒῭ᩍ⫱ࢆ୍ᒙ඘ᐇࡉࡏ

ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ᅜẸ୍ே୍ே࡟㔠⼥ࡸࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡜

࡞ࡿ⤒῭࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᇶ♏▱㆑࡜ࠊ㔠⼥ၟရ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅ

ࢫࡢ฼⏝࡟ࡘ࠸ุ࡚᩿ࡋពᛮỴᐃࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ㌟࡟ࡘ ࡅࡿ㔠⼥⤒῭ᩍ⫱ࡢᚲせᛶࢆఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ 㔠⼥⾜ᨻࢆᢸ࠺㔠⼥ᗇ࡜ᩍ⫱⾜ᨻࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿᩥ㒊⛉

Ꮫ┬࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠ࡟ࡼࡿᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ

⫱࡬ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ㐍ᒎࡉࡏࡿ୍ࡘࡢዎᶵ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱࡬ࡢ

ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ㐍ᒎࡍࡿ୰ࠊ ᖺ࡟㔠⼥ᗈሗ୰ኸጤဨ

఍ࡢ୰࡟㔠⼥⤒῭ᩍ⫱᥎㐍఍㆟ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓ

ࠋࡇ ࡢ఍㆟ࡢᵓᡂ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡣࠊ᭷㆑⪅ࠊ㔠⼥㛵ಀᅋయࠊ 㔠⼥ᗈሗ୰ኸጤဨ఍ࠊ㛵ಀ┬ᗇ㸦㔠⼥ᗇࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ

┬ࠊᾘ㈝⪅ᗇ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ఍㆟࡛ࡣࠊ㛵ಀࡍࡿ┬

ᗇࡸᅋయ࡜㐃ᦠࡋ࡚ࠊᐇ᝟ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ

࣮ᩍ⫱࡟㛵ࡍࡿᑂ㆟ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᑂ㆟࡛ࡣࠊ Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱࡬ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡘ

࠸࡚ࡢ㆟ㄽࡶ┒ࢇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢලయⓗ࡞㆟㢟࡟ࡣࠊ Ꮫᰯ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ㐃ᦠㅮ⩏ࡢ≧ἣࠊ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮

࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝཬࡧᤵᴗ࡛ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿ

ᩍᮦ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㆟㢟ࡢᑂ㆟ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ㔠

⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࢆ㐍ᒎࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㏆ᖺࡢᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ

࣮ᩍ⫱࡬ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢ⤒⦋ࢆࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ OECD ࡣᏛᰯ

࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࢆ㛗ᮇ࡟ࢃࡓࡾྲྀࡾ⤌

ࡴࡇ࡜ࡸࠊࡑࢀࢆ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ┬ᗇ࣭⤌⧊࡛༠ㄪࡋ࡚ྲྀ

ࡾ⤌ࡴࡼ࠺່ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ᪉㔪ࡢࡶ࡜࡟ࠊ᪥

ᮏ࡛ࡶ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࢆಁࡍືࡁࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏ

࡛ጞࡲࡗࡓᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱࡬ࡢྲྀ

ࡾ⤌ࡳࡣࠊ᭷㆑⪅ࠊ㔠⼥㛵ಀᅋయࠊ㔠⼥ᗈሗ୰ኸጤ ဨ఍ࠊ㛵ಀ┬ᗇ㸦㔠⼥ᗇࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࠊᾘ㈝⪅ᗇ㸧 ࡢཧຍࡍࡿ㔠⼥⤒῭ᩍ⫱᥎㐍఍㆟᳨࡛ウ࣭᥎㐍ࡉࢀ

࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

2 㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡢᇶ‽࡜ᐇ᝟

2.1 㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᇶ‽

⌧ᅾ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⮬ຓດຊ࡜⮬ᕫ㈐௵࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ㈨

(3)

⏘ᙧᡂࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫬௦ࠊ

኱Ꮫ࡛ᐇ㊶ࡍࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ

࠺࡞ᇶ‽ࢆᐃࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞␲ၥ࡟ᛂ࠼࡚࠸ࡿᇶ‽ࡢ୍ࡘ࡟ 2014 ᖺ 6 ᭶࡟㔠⼥⤒῭ᩍ⫱᥎㐍఍㆟㸦㔠⼥ᗈሗ୰ኸጤဨ఍㸧

࡟ࡼࡗ࡚බ⾲ࡉࢀࡓࠕ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭࣐ࢵࣉࠖࡀ

࠶ࡿ㸦 ᖺ ᭶ᨵゞ㸧

ࡑࡢ࣐ࢵࣉ࡟ࡣࠕ⏕άࢫ࢟ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚᭱ప㝈㌟࡟௜

ࡅࡿ࡭ࡁ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࠖࡢࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻࡀᖺ㱋ᒙ

ู࡟య⣔ⓗ࠿ࡘලయⓗ࡟グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡟♧ࡉ

ࢀࡓᖺ㱋ᒙࡢศ㢮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᑠᏛ⏕ࠊ୰Ꮫ⏕ࠊ㧗

ᰯ⏕ࠊ኱Ꮫ⏕ࠊⱝᖺ♫఍ேࠊ୍⯡♫఍ேࠊ㧗㱋⪅ࡢ 㸵ศ㢮ࠋࡲࡓࠊྛᖺ㱋࡟ྜࡗࡓձࠕᐙィ⟶⌮ࠖ ࠊղࠕ⏕

άタィࠖࠊ ࠕ㔠⼥▱㆑ཬࡧ㔠⼥⤒῭஦᝟ࡢ⌮ゎ࡜㐺ษ

࡞㔠⼥ၟရࡢ฼⏝㑅ᢥࠖ 㸦ճࠕ㔠⼥ྲྀᘬࡢᇶᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚

ࡢ⣲㣴ࠖࠊմࠕ㔠⼥ศ㔝ඹ㏻ࠖࠊյࠕಖ㝤ၟရࠖࠊնࠕࣟ

࣮࣭ࣥࢡࣞࢪࢵࢺࠖࠊշࠕ㈨⏘ᙧᡂၟရࠖ㸧ࠊոࠕእ㒊 ࡢ▱ぢࡢ㐺ษ࡞฼⏝ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ ศ㔝 ศ㢮࡛㔠⼥

ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᇶ‽ࡀᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᖺ㱋ู

࡟♧ࡉࢀࡓᇶ‽ࡣࠊ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿ

ୖ୍࡛ࡘࡢ┠Ᏻ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

ࡇࡢ࣐ࢵࣉ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢ఩⨨࡙ࡅࢆࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ ࡑࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࠕ♫఍ே࡜ࡋ࡚⮬❧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ

⬟ຊࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿ᫬ᮇࠖ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡢ኱

Ꮫ⏕ࡀ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᇶ‽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ

኱Ꮫ༞ᴗᚋࡢᑗ᮶ࢆぢᤣ࠼࡚⏕άタィࢆ❧࡚ࠊࡑࢀ

࡟ἢࡗࡓ⾜ື࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏ࡀᐃࡵ࡚

࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢලయⓗ࡞ෆᐜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊձࠕᐙィ⟶⌮ࠖ

࡛ࡣ཰ᨭ⟶⌮ࡢᚲせᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ᚲせ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚཰ᨭ ᨵၿࢆࡋࡘࡘ⮬ศࡢ⬟ຊྥୖࡢࡓࡵࡢᨭฟࢆィ⏬ⓗ

࡟⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊղࠕ⏕άタィ࡛ࠖࡣ༞ᴗᚋࡢ⫋ᴗ࡜ࡢ ୧❧ࢆ๓ᥦ࡟ክࡸᕼᮃࢆࣛ࢖ࣇࣉࣛࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚ලయⓗ

࡟ᥥࡃࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

≉࡟ࠊࡇࡢ࣐ࢵࣉࡢ࠺ࡕࠊOECD[2005]࡛♧ࡉࢀ

ࡓ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᐃ⩏࡟㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿศ㔝ࡣࠊ ࠕ㔠

⼥▱㆑ཬࡧ㔠⼥⤒῭஦᝟ࡢ⌮ゎ࡜㐺ษ࡞㔠⼥ၟရࡢ

฼⏝㑅ᢥࠖ࡟࠶ࡿ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢᇶ‽࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୰࡟࠶

ࡿճࠕ㔠⼥ྲྀᘬࡢᇶᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⣲㣴࡛ࠖࡣࠊ ࠕ཰㞟ࡋ ࡓ᝟ሗࢆẚ㍑᳨ウࡋࠊ㐺ษ࡞ᾘ㈝⾜ືࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ

࡛ࡁࡿࠋ㔠⼥ၟရࢆྵࡴᵝࠎ࡞㈍኎࣭㈍኎⾜Ⅽ࡟㐺

⏝ࡉࢀࡿἲ௧ࡸไᗘࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊៅ㔜࡞ዎ⣙⥾⤖࡞࡝ࠊ 㐺ษ࡞ᑐᛂࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋブḭ࡞࡝ᝏ㉁࡞⪅

࡟≺ࢃࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ៅ㔜࡞ዎ⣙ࢆᚰ᥃ࡅࡿࠖࠊ ࡜グࡉࢀ

࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊմࠕ㔠⼥ศ㔝ඹ㏻ࠖࢆࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ ࠕ㔠⼥

ၟရࡢ㸱ࡘࡢ≉ᛶ㸦ὶືᛶ࣭Ᏻ඲ᛶ࣭཰┈ᛶ㸧࡜ࣜ

ࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࡢ᪉ἲࠊཬࡧ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞どⅬ࠿ࡽ㈓⵳࣭㐠⏝

ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ኱ษࡉࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ࠾㔠ࡢ౯್࡜᫬㛫࡜

ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿ㸦」฼ࠊ ๭ᘬ⌧ᅾ౯್࡞࡝㸧 ࠋ ᬒẼࡢືྥࠊ㔠฼ࡢືࡁࠊ࢖ࣥࣇ࣭ࣞࢹࣇࣞࠊⅭ᭰

ࡢືࡁࡀ㔠⼥ၟရࡢ౯್ࠊᐇ㉁౯್ࠊ㔠฼㸦฼ᅇࡾ㸧

➼࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸

ࡿࠋ

௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࠕ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭࣐ࢵࣉࠖ࡟ࡣࠊ ᖺ㱋ᒙู࡟ࠕ⏕άࢫ࢟ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚᭱ప㝈㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿ࡭

ࡁ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࠖ ࡢࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻࡀグࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ࣐ࢵࣉ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᇶ‽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ࡣࠊ ࠕᐙィ⟶⌮ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ⏕άタィࠖ ࠊ ࠕ㔠⼥▱㆑ཬࡧ㔠⼥⤒

῭஦᝟ࡢ⌮ゎ࡜㐺ษ࡞㔠⼥ၟရࡢ฼⏝㑅ᢥࠖ ࠊࠕእ㒊 ࡢ▱ぢࡢ㐺ษ࡞฼⏝ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ ศ㔝࡛኱ูࡋࠊྛ

ศ㔝࡟ἢࡗࡓලయⓗ࡞ෆᐜࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ࡇࡢ࣐ࢵࣉ࡛ࡢ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢ఩⨨࡙ࡅࡣࠕ♫఍ே࡜ࡋ࡚

⮬❧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⬟ຊࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿ᫬ᮇࠖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

2.2 ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᐇ᝟

ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣࠊ ᖺ࡟㔠⼥ᗈሗ୰ኸጤဨ఍㸦஦ົᒁ

᪥ᮏ㖟⾜᝟ሗࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᒁෆ㸧࠿ࡽබ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ㔠⼥ࣜ

ࢸࣛࢩ࣮ㄪᰝ ᖺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࢆᴫほࡍࡿ

ࠋࡇࡢㄪ ᰝ࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ ṓ௨ୖࡢಶேࡢ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛ

ࢩ࣮ࡢ⌧≧ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ ṓ㹼 ṓࡢ

ேࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠊ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࡿ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ

ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢㄪᰝタၥࡣࠊ ࠕ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭࣐

ࢵࣉࠖࡢ ศ㔝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ࠕ㔠⼥▱㆑ุ࣭᩿ຊࠖ࡟㛵 ࡍࡿṇㄗၥ㢟࡜ࠕ⾜ື≉ᛶ࣭⪃࠼᪉➼ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿၥ 㢟ࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡲࡓࠊ⣙༙ᩘࡢタၥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⡿ᅜ FINRA㔠

⼥ᴗ⏺┘╩ᶵᵓࡸ OECD ࡞࡝ࡢᾏእᶵ㛵࡟ࡼࡿྠ

✀ㄪᰝ࡜ẚ㍑ྍ⬟࡞㊃᪨ࡢෆᐜ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ 㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣࠊ⾲㸯࡟♧ࡋࡓ㸴ࡘ ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽศᯒࡋ࡚ሗ࿌ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ㸯ࠕ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ⌧≧ࠖ ࠊࠕ㔠⼥ᩍ

⫱ࢆồࡵࡿኌ࣭ᐇ᪋≧ἣ࣭ຠᯝࠖࠊ௨ୖࡢ Ⅼ࡟ὀ┠

ࡋ࡚⡆༢࡞⪃ᐹࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ

ඛࡎࠊ⾲㸯ࡢ㸯ࠕ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ⌧≧ࠖ࡟㛵㐃 ࡋࠊ ࠕ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭࣐ࢵࣉࡢศ㔝ูṇ⟅⋡ࠖ࡟ࡘ

࠸࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࠋࡇࡢศᯒࡣࠊṇㄗၥ㢟㸦 ၥ㸧࡟

ᇶ࡙ࡃࠋ

(4)

⾲㸯 㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ㄪᰝ ᖺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡢ㢟┠

㏻ࡋ␒ྕ ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡢ㢟┠

㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ⌧≧

ᾏእㄪᰝ࡜ࡢẚ㍑

ࢭࢢ࣓ࣥࢺูศᯒ

㔠⼥ᩍ⫱ࢆồࡵࡿኌ࣭ᐇ᪋≧ἣ࣭ຠᯝ ⾜ື⤒῭Ꮫⓗศᯒ

㒔㐨ᗓ┴ูศᯒ

㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭࣐ࢵࣉ࡟࠶ࡿ㸶ศ㔝ࡢṇ⟅⋡ࢆ

ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ⾲㸰ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽṇ⟅

⋡ࡣᴫࡡ 㸣๓ᚋ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊὀព ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡭ࡁⅬࡣࠊ㔠⼥▱㆑࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿࠕ㔠⼥࣭⤒

῭ࡢᇶ♏ࠖࡢṇ⟅⋡ࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

⾲㸰 㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭࣐ࢵࣉࡢศ㔝ูṇ⟅⋡

㸦㸣㸧 ὀ㸧 ࠕ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ㄪᰝ ᖺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࠖ

㸦㔠⼥ᗈሗ୰ኸጤ ဨ఍㸧㸦KWWSVZZZVKLUXSRUXWRMSSXEOLFGRFXPHQWFRQWDLQH UOLWHUDF\BFKRVD㸦 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥࢔ࢡࢭࢫ㸧

࠿ࡽධᡭ ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽຍᕤࡋ࡚సᡂࠋ 㸦௨ୗࡢᅗ⾲ࡶྠࡌ㸧

᭦࡟ࠊ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࢆᐇ㊶ࡍ

ࡿሙྜࠊ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭࣐ࢵࣉࡢ ศ㔝ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ

≉࡟࡝ࡢศ㔝࡟㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡃ࡭ࡁ࠿ࡢᡭ᥃࠿ࡾࢆ᥈ࡿ

࡜࠸࠺ぢᆅ࡟❧ࡕࠊ ⾲ ࡛ࡣᖺ㱋ᒙ 㹼 ṓࡢṇ⟅

⋡࡛ 㸣௨ୗ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ศ㔝ࢆᢳฟࡋࠊᖺ㱋ᒙ

ู࡟ṇㄗၥ㢟ࡢṇ⟅⋡ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⾲ࡢ ṓ㹼 ṓࢆࡳࡿ࡜ࠊࠕ⏕άタィࠖࠊ ࠕ㈨⏘タィၟရࠖ ࠊ ࠕಖ㝤ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ࣮ࣟࣥ➼ࠖࠊ ࠕ㔠⼥࣭⤒῭ࡢᇶ♏ࠖࡢ㡰࡟ṇ

⟅⋡ࡀୗࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡘࡲࡾᖺ㱋ᒙ 㹼 ṓ࡟↔Ⅼ

ࢆᙜ࡚ࡓሙྜࡶࠕ㔠⼥࣭⤒῭ࡢᇶ♏ࠖࡢṇ⟅⋡ࡀ᭱

ࡶప࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᖺ㱋ᒙู࡟ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊᖺ㱋ᒙ 㹼

ṓࡢṇ⟅⋡ࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

⾲ ᖺ㱋ᒙู࡟ࡳࡓṇㄗၥ㢟ࡢṇ⟅⋡

ᖺ㱋ᒙ 㸦ṓ㸧

⏕ά タィ

㔠⼥࣭⤒῭

ࡢᇶ♏

ಖ㝤 ࣮ࣟࣥ

㈨⏘ᙧᡂ

ၟရ

ྜィ

ὀ㸧ᖺ㱋ᒙ 㹼 ṓࡢṇ⟅⋡ࡀ 㸣௨ୗ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿศ㔝

ࢆᢳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ḟ࡟ࠊࠕ㔠⼥ᩍ⫱ࢆồࡵࡿኌ࣭ᐇ᪋≧ἣ࣭ຠᯝࠖ

ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ㔠⼥ᩍ⫱ࢆồࡵࡿኌ࣭ᐇ᪋≧ἣ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ

࡚ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓㄪᰝ㡯┠ ࠕᅾ⡠ࡋࡓᏛ

ᰯࠊ኱Ꮫࠊ໅ົඛ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ ࠕ⏕άタィࡸᐙィ⟶⌮࡟

ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᤵᴗ࡞࡝ࡢࠕ㔠⼥ᩍ⫱ࠖࢆཷࡅࡿᶵ఍ࡀ࠶

ࡾࡲࡋࡓ࠿ࠖࡢၥ࠸࡟ࠊᅇ⟅ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆ㸯ࡘࡔࡅ㑅

ࢇࡔ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᅗ ࡛♧ࡋࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࠊᅇ⟅඲య࡟༨ࡵࡿ๭ྜࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸ᅇ⟅࡟

ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠕᶵ఍ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦㸣㸧࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ ࠕᶵ఍ࡀ࠶ࡾཷࡅࡓ㸦㸧 ࠖ ࠊࠕᶵ఍ࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡀཷࡅ࡞

࠿ࡗࡓ㸦㸧 ࠖࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ప࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ᅗ 㔠⼥ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿᶵ఍ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡢᅇ⟅

ㄪᰝ㡯┠ ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊ 㔠⼥ᩍ⫱࡟㛵ࡍࡿᤵᴗ࡞

࡝ࢆཷࡅࡿᶵ఍ࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ᐇ᝟ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࡀࠊ Ꮫᰯ࡛㔠⼥ᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜࠺࡭ࡁ࡜࠸࠺ᛮ࠸ࢆᢪ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ

ேࡣከ࠸ࠋㄪᰝ㡯┠ ࠕ⏕άタィࡸᐙィ⟶⌮➼ࡢࠕ㔠

⼥ᩍ⫱ࠖࡣࠊᏛᰯ࡛⾜࠺࡭ࡁ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠋࠖࡢၥ࠸

㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭࣐ࢵࣉࡢศ㔝 タၥᩘ ṇ⟅⋡

ᐙィ⟶⌮

⏕άタィ

㔠⼥ྲྀᘬࡢᇶᮏ

㔠⼥࣭⤒῭ࡢᇶ♏

ಖ㝤

࣮࣭ࣟࣥࢡࣞࢪࢵࢺ

㈨⏘ᙧᡂ

እ㒊ࡢ▱ぢά⏝

ྜィ

(5)

࡛ࡣࠊᛮ࠺ࠊᛮࢃ࡞࠸ࠊࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࠊࡢᅇ⟅ࡢ㑅ᢥ

⫥࠿ࡽ㸯ࡘࡔࡅࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛ࡶࡽࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ ࠕᛮ࠺ࠖ࡜

࠸࠺ᅇ⟅ࡀ 㸣࡜ࠊ඲య࡟༨ࡵࡿ๭ྜࡀ㐣༙ᩘࢆ㉸

࠼ࡿ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 㸧ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓᅇ⟅ࢆㄪ ᰝ㡯┠ ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜ࠊ㔠⼥ᩍ⫱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᐇ

⦼࡜⾜࠺࡭ࡁ࡜࠸࠺ᛮ࠸࡜ࡢ㛫࡟㱈㱒ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ

ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ

ᅗ Ꮫᰯ࡛㔠⼥ᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜࠺࡭ࡁ࠿ࡢᅇ⟅

௨ୖࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊඛࡎࠕ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ⌧≧ࠖ

࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭࣐ࢵࣉ࡛♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

ศ㔝ࡢࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻ࡟㛵ࡍࡿṇㄗၥ㢟ࡢṇ⟅⋡ࡢ࠺

ࡕࠊᖺ㱋ᒙ 㹼 ṓࡢṇ⟅⋡࡛ 㸣௨ୗ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚

࠸ࡿศ㔝ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ ࠕ⏕άタィࠖࠊ ࠕ㔠⼥࣭

⤒῭ࡢᇶ♏ࠖ ࠊ ࠕಖ㝤ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ࣮ࣟࣥ➼ࠖࠊ ࠕ㈨⏘ᙧᡂၟရࠖ

ࡢ ศ㔝ࡀヱᙜࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ᭱ࡶప࠸ṇ⟅⋡࡛࠶

ࡗࡓศ㔝࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ ࠕ㔠⼥࣭⤒῭ࡢᇶ♏࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊ㔠⼥ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ᪋≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࠕᶵ఍ࡣ࡞࠿

ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᅇ⟅ࡀ඲యࡢ ๭๭ࢆ㉸࠼࡚᭱ࡶ㧗࠿

ࡗࡓࡀࠊ㔠⼥ᩍ⫱ࢆồࡵࡿኌ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ๭ྜࡣ㐣༙

ᩘࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ㔠⼥ᩍ

⫱ࡢᐇ⦼࡜㔠⼥ᩍ⫱ࢆồࡵࡿே࡜ࡢᛮ࠸ࡀྜ⮴ࡋ࡚

࠸࡞࠸ᐇ᝟ࡢ୍➃ࢆ࠶ࡽࢃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ

3 ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢㄢ㢟࡜᪉ἲ 3.1 ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢㄢ㢟

࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛ

ࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡢ᳨ウ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ ࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ᥈ࡿࠋ୰஭>@ࡣࠊ㸯Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜࡢ㔞ࡢㄢ 㢟ࠊ ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ཷࡅධࢀ࡞࠸Ꮫ⏕ࡢᏑᅾࠊ ồࡵࡽࢀ

ࡿᤵᴗ㐠Ⴀࡢᢏ⬟ࠊ ⤌⧊ⓗㄢ㢟࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸲ࡘࡢほ

Ⅼ࡟❧ࡕ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸

ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊ㸯࡜㸰࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚ᴫ ほࡍࡿ

ඛࡎࠊ㸯Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜࡢ㔞ࡢㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ୰஭

>@ࡣࠊ᫬㛫ࡢࢺ࣮ࣞࢻ࢜ࣇࢆ࠶ࡆࠊ ࠕᏛ⏕࡟⪃࠼

ࡉࡏࡓࡾ㆟ㄽࡉࡏࡓࡾⓎ⾲ࡉࡏࡓࡾࡍࡿ᫬㛫ࡣ㔜せ

࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⏕ࡢάືࡀቑຍࡍࢀࡤࡍࡿ࡯

࡝ࠊᩍဨࡀ▱㆑ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ᫬㛫ࡀῶᑡࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ

⤖ᯝࠊᩍဨࡀᩍ࠼ࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿ▱㆑ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜

ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࠖ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢ ゎỴ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ▱㆑ᥦ౪࡜࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽ

ࣥࢢࡢ᫬㛫ࢆࣂࣛࣥࢫࡼࡃタᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡸࠊᮏ㉁ⓗ

࡟㔜せ࡞Ꮫ⩦࡟⤠ࡾ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡓ ࡔࡋࠊࡑࡢ㝿࡟ࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⏕ࡢᏑᅾࡶព㆑ࡋ

࡚࠾ࡃ࡜ࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

✚ᴟⓗ࡟ཷࡅධࢀ࡞࠸Ꮫ⏕ࡢᏑᅾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ୰

஭>@ࡣࠊ ࠕ୰࡟ࡣࠊㅮ⩏ἲࡢᤵᴗࢆ⫈ࡁࠊ୎ᑀ࡟

ࣀ࣮ࢺࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿ᪉ࢆዲࡴᏛ⏕ࡶ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠶

ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊே๓࡛ヰࡍࡇ࡜ࡀⱞᡭ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾ㠃ಽ࡟ឤ ࡌࡓࡾࡍࡿᏛ⏕ࡶࠊ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡟ࡣᾘᴟ

ⓗ࡞ጼໃࢆ♧ࡍ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠖ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ

ཷㅮ⏕ࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊᴦࢆࡋ࡚༞ᴗࡋࡓ࠸Ꮫ⏕ࠊ࢔ࢡࢸ

࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡟័ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ꮫ⏕ࠊ≉ู࡞ᚲせ

࡞Ꮫ⏕ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿゝཬࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᣦ᦬࠿ࡽࠊ

࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆᑟධࡍࡿᩍဨࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡢ Ꮫ⩦ᚿྥࠊᏛ⩦⤒㦂ࠊ≉ู࡞㓄៖ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿ࠿ྰ

࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊぢᴟࡵ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ࡜ࡃ࡟ࠊ≉

ู࡞㓄៖ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿᏛ⏕ࡢᏑᅾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᩍဨ 㛫࡛᝟ሗࢆඹ᭷ࡋࠊ༢⊂ࡢᩍဨ࡛ࡣẼ࡙ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛

ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓഃ㠃ࢆ⿵࠺࡜࠸ࡗࡓᑐᛂࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢᐇ㊶ ࡢ␃ពⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᩍဨࡀཷㅮࡍࡿᏛ⏕ࡢ≧ἣࢆࡳ࡞

ࡀࡽ▱㆑ᥦ౪࡜࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ᫬㛫ࢆࣂ

ࣛࣥࢫࡼࡃタᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡸࠊᮏ㉁ⓗ࡟㔜せ࡞Ꮫ⩦࡟

⤠ࡾ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭

࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ཷࡅධࢀ࡞࠸Ꮫ⏕ࡢᏑᅾ࡟ࡘ

࠸࡚ࡣࠊᩍဨࡀᏛ⏕ࡢᏛ⩦ᚿྥࡸᏛ⩦⤒㦂ࠊ≉ู࡞

㓄៖ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿ࠿ྰ࠿࡞࡝ࠊぢᴟࡵ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ

࠶ࡿࠋ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆᑟධࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣࠊ ࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ཷࡅධࢀ࡞࠸Ꮫ⏕࡟㓄៖ࡋࠊࡑ

࠺ࡋࡓᏛ⏕ࡢᏑᅾࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣᑐᛂࢆ᳨ウࡋ

࡚㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᩍဨ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ

3.2 Ꮫኈຊ࡜࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ

኱Ꮫ࡛ᐇ㊶ࡍࡿ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆྲྀࡾධ

ࢀࡓ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡢ᳨ウ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࠊᩥ㒊⛉

Ꮫ┬࡛ᥖࡆࡽࢀࡓᏛኈຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゐࢀ࡚࠾ࡃࠋᩥ㒊

⛉Ꮫ┬>@࡛ࡣྛᑓᨷศ㔝ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᇵ࠺Ꮫኈຊ࡜

(6)

ࡋ࡚ࠊ▱㆑࣭⌮ゎࠊỗ⏝ⓗᢏ⬟ࠊែᗘ࣭ᚿྥ

ᛶࠊ⥲ྜⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦⤒㦂࡜๰㐀ⓗᛮ⪃ຊࠊࢆᥖࡆ࡚

࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊỗ⏝ⓗᢏ⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࠕ▱ⓗάື࡛

ࡶ⫋ᴗ⏕άࡸ♫఍⏕ά࡛ࡶᚲせ࡞ᢏ⬟ࠖ ࡜఩⨨࡙ࡅࠊ ࡑࡢせ⣲ࡣࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫ࢟ࣝࠊ㸦㸧

ᩘ㔞ⓗࢫ࢟ࣝࠊ㸦㸧᝟ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࠊ㸦㸧ㄽ⌮ⓗᛮ

⪃ຊࠊ 㸦㸧ၥ㢟ゎỴຊ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢᏛኈຊࡀᏛ⏕࡟㌟࡟௜ࡃࡼ࠺ᑟ࠸࡚࠸ࡃ ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᩍဨࡀ▱㆑ࢆఏ㐩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓ

୍᪉ྥࡢㅮ⩏ἲ࡟ࡼࡿᩍᤵࡢࡳ࡛ࡣࠊ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

୰஭>@ࡣࠊ▱㆑ࡢఏ㐩ࡣ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ

࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼ࢆࡶࡕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊㅮ⩏ἲࡣཷࡅ㌟࡟࡞ࡾࡸ

ࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠺ᙅࡳࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓㅮ⩏

ἲࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ⿵᏶ࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽ

ࣥࢢࡢά⏝ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ

࠺࡟ࠊ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡣㅮ⩏ἲࡢᙅࡳࢆ⿵

࠺ព࿡࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

ࡲࡓࠊ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢලయⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶࡟

ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍>@⟅⏦ࡣࠊ ࠕࠕ୺యᛶ࣭

ከᵝᛶ࣭༠ാᛶࠖࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣࠊ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱

ࢆࠊᚑ᮶ࡢࡼ࠺࡞▱㆑ࡢఏ㐩࣭ὀධࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓᤵ

ᴗ࠿ࡽࠊᏛ⏕ࡀ୺యᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ከᵝ࡞ேࠎ࡜༠ຊࡋ

࡚ၥ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋゎࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭ࣛ

࣮ࢽࣥࢢ࡟㌿᥮ࡋࠊ≉࡟ࠊᑡேᩘࡢࢳ࣮࣒࣮࣡ࢡࠊ 㞟ᅋウㄽࠊ཯㌿ᤵᴗࠊᐇࡢ࠶ࡿ␃Ꮫࡸ༢࡞ࡿ⫋ሙయ 㦂࡟⤊ࢃࡽ࡞࠸࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ➼ࡢᏛእࡢᏛಟࣉ

ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡞࡝ࡢᩍ⫱᪉ἲࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࠋ ࠖ࡜࠺ࡓࡗ࡚࠸

ࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡢࠕ୺

యᛶ࣭ከᵝᛶ࣭༠ാᛶࠖࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿほⅬ࡟❧ࡗࡓ࢔

ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ┠ᣦࡍ࡜ࡇࢁࡣࠊ Ꮫ⏕ࡀ௚⪅࡜ࡢ༠ാ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ၥ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋ࡚ゎࢆぢ ࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᏛ⩦᪉ἲࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᏛ

⏕ྠኈ࡛Ꮫࡧ࠶࠺ᑡேᩘࡢࢳ࣮࣒࣮࣡ࢡࡸ㞟ᅋウㄽࠊ

཯㌿Ꮫ⩦࡞࡝ࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇࢀ

ࡽࡢ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡣࠊᚑ᮶࠿ࡽᐇ㊶ࡉࢀ

࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⩦ᙧែ࡜࠿ࡅ㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ

࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣࠊ୰஭

㹙㹛ࡣࠊࠕ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡣᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ᩍဨࡣᏛ⩦⮬యࡀ㉁ࡢ㧗࠸Ꮫ⩦࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡼ࠺࡟Ꮫ

⩦άືࢆタィࡋࠊᐇ㝿࡟㉁ࡢ㧗࠸Ꮫ⩦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ

࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢᣦ᦬࡟࠶ࡿᐇ㝿࡟㉁ࡢ㧗࠸Ꮫ⩦࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿

࡝࠺࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶᐜ᫆࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞

࠸ࡀࠊࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᩍဨࡣព㆑ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ࡭ࡁࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡑࡢぢᆅ࡟❧ࡕࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶᩍဨࡣᏛ⩦⪅ࡢែᗘࡸ

Ⓨゝࢆฟ᮶ࡿࡔࡅᐈほⓗ࡟ὀព῝ࡃぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡸࠊᏛ

⏕࡜ࡢᑐヰࡸ஺ὶ࡟ࡘ࡜ࡵࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭

࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⩦ᡂᯝࢆ᥎ࡋ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ

࠶ࡿࠋ

3.3 ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ᪉ἲ

୰஭㹙㹛ࡣࠊ ࠕ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆᤵᴗ

࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿ㝿ࡣࠊᢸᙜࡍࡿᤵᴗ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⩦

ᡂᯝࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽጞࡵࡲ

ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࠖ࡜ຓゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊᏛ⏕ࡢ≉ᚩࢆᢕ ᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊཬࡧᩍဨࡀ༑ศ࡟౑࠸ࡇ࡞ࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞

ᐇ㊶ྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࡽ⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃៅ㔜ࡉࢆࡶࡘࡼ

࠺ᛅ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡇࢀࡽࡢຓゝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭ࣛ

࣮ࢽࣥࢢࡢᑟධ࡟ࡼࡿᏛኈຊࡢྥୖࡸ㉁ࡢ㧗࠸Ꮫ⩦

࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡼ࠺࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ

࠸࡚ࡼࡃ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝿୰஭㹙㹛

ࡸᰩ⏣㹙㹛࡛⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽ

ࣥࢢࡢᵝࠎ࡞᪉ἲࡀཧ⪃࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୺࡞᪉ἲࢆ࠶

ࡆࡿ࡜ࠊࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆᑟࡃࠊ᭩࠿ࡏ࡚ᛮ⪃ࢆ

ಁࡍࠊᏛ⏕ࡀ┦஫࡟Ꮫࡪࠊ⤒㦂࠿ࡽᏛࡪࠊ஦౛࠿ࡽ

Ꮫࡪࠊᤵᴗ࡟◊✲ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࠊᤵᴗ᫬㛫እࡢᏛ⩦

ࢆಁࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ

ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᵝࠎ࡞࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ᪉ἲࡢ

୰࠿ࡽࠊ࡝ࡢ᪉ἲࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺␲ၥࡀ ᢪ࠿ࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᰩ⏣㹙㹛ࡣࠊ ࠕࡲ

ࡎࠊࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡀᏛ⩦ࡢ┠ⓗ࡟

࠿࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ┠ⓗ࡜

ࡣࠊ ࠕᏛࢇ࡛ḧࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࠖ࡟ྜ⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡛

ࡍࠋࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊᰩ⏣㹙㹛ࡣࠊ ࠕᖖ࡟┠ࡢ๓

࡟࠸ࡿᏛ⩦⪅ࡢどⅬ࡟❧ࡗࡓ㑅ᢥࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡾࡲ

ࡍࠖ࡜ὀពࢆಁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢຓゝࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ

࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᑟධ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ᭱ึ

࡟Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢどⅬ࡟❧ࡕࠕᏛࢇ࡛ḧࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࠖࢆ᫂☜

࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊㅮ⩏ἲ࡜ྠᵝࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊㅮ⩏

ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿᩍဨ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ┠᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛

ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢほⅬ࡟❧࡚ࡤࠊᩍဨࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᩍ⫱

᪉ἲ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ᑡࡋࡢᕤኵࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࢔ࢡࢸ࢕

ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋᩍဨࡣࠊ Ꮫ⩦⪅࡟ࠕᏛࢇ࡛ḧࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࠖࡢタᐃ࡜⮬ศࡢᢏ㔞

ࢆࡣ࠿ࡗࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆྲྀࡾ

ධࢀࡓᩍ⫱ࡢ➨୍Ṍࢆ㋃ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

(7)

4 ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡟ࡼࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛ

ࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶࡟ྥࡅ࡚

ᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫࡢᩍᐊෆ࡛ᐇ㊶ࡍࡿ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭

࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡢ᪉ྥ

ᛶࢆ᥈ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᏛ⩦⪅࡟ࠕᏛࢇ࡛ḧࡋ

࠸ࡇ࡜ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ ❶࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓࠕ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭

࣐ࢵࣉ࡛ࠖ♧ࡉࢀࡓ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢࢫࢱ

ࣥࢲ࣮ࢻ࡟࠶ࡿࠕ㔠⼥▱㆑ཬࡧ㔠⼥⤒῭஦᝟ࡢ⌮ゎ

࡜㐺ษ࡞㔠⼥ၟရࡢ฼⏝㑅ᢥࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮

ࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢᐇ㊶

࡟ྥࡅ᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ

4.1 Ꮫ⏕ࡢᏛ⩦⾜ື࡜ືᶵ࡙ࡅ

ඛࡎࠊ ࠕ㔠⼥▱㆑ཬࡧ㔠⼥⤒῭஦᝟ࡢ⌮ゎ࡜㐺ษ࡞

㔠⼥ၟရࡢ฼⏝㑅ᢥࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᏛ⩦ㄢ㢟ࡢタᐃ࡟ࡘ

࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢヰ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡟ᅜ㝿໬࣭᝟ሗ㏻ಙᢏ

⾡ࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ࠊከ✀ከᵝ࡞㔠⼥ၟရࡸ㔠⼥ࢧ࣮

ࣅࢫࡀᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࡇ

࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ㔠⼥ᗇ>@࡛ࡣࠊ㈚㔠ᴗ࡟

࠾ࡅࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣅࢪࢿࢫࡢᒎ㛤࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ࠕࣇ࢕ࣥࢸࢵ

ࢡࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣅࢪࢿࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㢳ᐈ࡟࠿࠿ࡿ

ྲྀᘬᒚṔ➼ࡢࣅࢵࢢࢹ࣮ࢱࡸ $,ேཱྀ▱⬟ࢆά⏝

ࡋࡓ୚ಙᑂᰝࠊࢫ࣐࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣥ➼ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ࢜ࣥࣛ

࢖ࣥ᏶⤖ᆺࡢ㈚௜ࡅ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࣞࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࣅࢪࢿࢫ

ࢆ㛤ጞࡍࡿືࡁࡀぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞஦᝟ࢆᏛ⏕࡟⌮ゎࡉࡏࡿሙྜࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺

ࡇ࡜࡟␃ពࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ

๓㏙ࡢ㈚㔠ᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣅࢪࢿࢫࡢᒎ㛤ࡢ୰

࡛♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㔠⼥࡟㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛⏝ㄒ㸦 ͆ࣇ࢕ࣥࢸࢵ

ࢡ͇ ࠊ ͆ࣅࢵࢢࢹ࣮ࢱ͇ࠊ ͆$,ேཱྀ▱⬟͇ ࠊ ͆୚ಙᑂᰝ͇ ࠊ

͆࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥ᏶⤖ᆺ͇ࠊ ͆ࣞࣥࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࣅࢪࢿࢫ͇࡞࡝㸧

࡬ࡢ⌮ゎ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ㔠⼥ࡢ▱㆑ᇶ♏ࢆഛ࠼࡚࠾

࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ

ࡔࡀࠊࡑࡢ๓࡟Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㔠⼥࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡬ࡢᏛ⩦

ពḧࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍဨࡀ Ꮫ⏕ࡢᏛ⩦ពḧࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵ࡟࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ

ᰩ⏣>@ࡣḟࡢ ࡘࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ ࠕ㸬 Ꮫ⏕ࡀ㧗࠸౯್ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ┠ᶆࡸάືࢆᐃ

ࡵࠊ♧ࡍࠊ㸬Ꮫ⏕ࡢணᮇࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࠊࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙ

ࣥࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ༠ຊⓗ࡞⎔ቃࢆࡘࡃࡾฟࡍࠖ ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࢆཧ⪃࡟ࠊ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿᩍ ဨࡀᏛ⩦⪅࡟ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣࠊ ࠕ㸯㸬Ꮫ⏕ࡀ㔠⼥

ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜࡟㧗࠸౯್ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡿ

ࡼ࠺ࠊ┠ᶆࡸάືࢆᐃࡵࠊ♧ࡍࠊ㸬㔠⼥ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᏛ

⏕ࡀ⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ุ࡚᩿࣭⾜ື࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ண

ᮇࡉࡏࡿࠊ㸬Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡬ࡢᏛ⩦ពḧࢆ

ᨭ࠼ࡿ༠ຊⓗ࡞⎔ቃࢆࡘࡃࡾฟࡍࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟

࡞ࡿࠋ

௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊḟ⠇࡛ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾ➹⪅ࡢᢸᙜ ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࠕ㔠⼥ㄽࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ࡢ୍㒊ࢆ⤂௓

ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚

ウࡍࡿࠋ

4.2 㔠⼥㛵㐃⛉┠࡟࠾ࡅࡿᤵᴗᐇ㊶᪉ἲࡢ᳨ウ

➹⪅ࡢᢸᙜࡍࡿᑓ㛛⛉┠ࠕ㔠⼥ㄽ࡛ࠖࡣࠊᏛ⩦ጼ ໃࡸᏛ⩦≧ἣ࡞࡝ࢆࡳ࡞ࡀࡽࠊẁ㝵ⓗ࡟ᑡேᩘࡢࢹ

࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࠊ᭩࠿ࡏ࡚ᛮ⪃ࢆಁࡍ࡞࡝ࡢ࢔ࢡࢸ

࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆᑟධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⛉┠ࡢཷㅮ

⏕ࡣࠊ⌧௦࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺᏛ㒊࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿ୺࡟ 3 ᖺḟ ࡢᏛ⏕࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏᏛ㒊࡛ࡣࠊᮏ⛉┠࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿ㛤ㅮ

⛉┠ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡸࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ㔠⼥࡟⯆࿡ࢆࡶࡗࡓ Ꮫ⏕ࡀཷㅮࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸

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ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣ

࡟↷ࡽࡍ࡜ࠊᤵᴗᙧែ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊඛࡎࡣ㔠⼥࡟㛵ࡍ

ࡿ᭱ప㝈ࡢ▱㆑ࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢㅮ⩏࡟ࡼࡿ▱㆑

ᥦ౪ࡋࡓᚋࠊࡑࡢ▱㆑࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓࢸ࣮࣐࡛ࡢ࢔ࢡࢸ

࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ┦ᛂࡋ࠸ࠋ

➨ 1 ᅇ┠ࡢ࢞࢖ࢲࣥࢫ࡛ࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡀ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ

࣮ᩍ⫱࡟㧗࠸౯್ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ฿㐩┠ᶆ࡞ࡽ

ࡧ࡟ᮏ⛉┠ࢆᏛࡪព⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚

࠸ࡿࠋ➨ 2 ᅇ┠௨㝆ࡢㅮ⩏࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㛤ጞ᫬࡟ྛ

ᅇࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࠊࡑࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸

࠺Ꮫ⏕ࡢணᮇ࡬࡜ࡘ࡞ࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡲࡓࠊ㌟࡟௜ࡅ࡚

࠾ࡃ࡜ࡼ࠸㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ࡑࡢព⩏࡬ࡢᏛ

⏕ࡢ⌮ゎࡶಁࡍࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛ࠊ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭࣐ࢵ

ࣉ࡟࠶ࡿࠕ㔠⼥▱㆑ཬࡧ㔠⼥⤒῭஦᝟ࡢ⌮ゎ࡜㐺ษ

࡞㔠⼥ၟရࡢ฼⏝㑅ᢥࠖ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࠊ ࠕ㔠⼥ྲྀᘬࡢᇶᮏ

࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⣲㣴ࠖࠊ ࠕ࣮࣭ࣟࣥࢡࣞࢪࢵࢺࠖ࡞࡝ࡢࣜࢸ

ࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿᚲせᛶࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆࢆ♧ࡋࡓᚋࠊㅮ⩏ࢆጞࡵࡿࠋㅮ⩏ἲ࡛ࡣ Ꮫ⏕ࡀཷࡅ㌟࡟࡞ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㉁␲ᛂ⟅ᙧ ᘧ࡟ࡼࡿ཮᪉ྥࡢㅮ⩏ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞཮᪉ྥࡢ ㅮ⩏ࢆᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊཷㅮ⏕ࡢ㞟୰ຊࢆᣢ⥆ࡉࡏ

ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊᏛ⏕ࡢཧຍព㆑ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࠊⓎಙຊࢆⓎ

᥹ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋㅮ⩏࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿ

ෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᏛ⾡㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࡢᑓ㛛▱㆑

࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊᐇ♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸ヰ㢟 ࡢᥦ౪ࡶ┒ࡾ㎸ࡴࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ᪂⪺ࡢグ஦࡞࡝ࡢᩍ

ᮦࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ㏆ᖺヰ㢟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㔠⼥ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࠊ

㔠⼥ၟရࠊ㔠⼥ᴗົ࡞࡝ࡢ᝟ሗࢆఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡃ

㸦㸧

ࠋࡇ

ࡢ୰࡛ࠊᏛ⏕࡟ᐇ♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄢ㢟ࢆㄆ㆑ࡉࡏࠊ ࠕ㔠

(8)

⼥▱㆑ཬࡧ㔠⼥⤒῭஦᝟ࡢ⌮ゎ࡜㐺ษ࡞㔠⼥ၟရࡢ

฼⏝㑅ᢥࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹ࡜ุ᩿ຊࢆ㣴࠺ᶵ఍ࢆࡘࡃ

ࡿࠋᏛ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㌟㏆࡞ᐇ♫఍࡛ࡢヰ㢟ࢆ⣒ཱྀ࡟ࡋ

࡚㔠⼥࡬ࡢᏛ⏕ࡢ㛵ᚰࢆᘬࡁฟࡋࠊᚎࠎ࡟㔠⼥࡟㛵 ࡍࡿᑓ㛛▱㆑ࡢᏛಟ࡬࡜Ⓨᒎࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ

௨ୖࡢ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿ๓ẁ㝵 ࡢㅮ⩏࡟࠾ࡅࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢせⅬࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊḟࡢ

㏻ࡾ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

㺃㔠⼥ࡢᇶ♏࡜ᐇ㝿ࡢ㔠⼥᝟ໃࡢ୧㠃࠿ࡽ⪃ᐹ 㺃᪂⪺࡞࡝ࡢ᝟ሗ※࠿ࡽ᭱㏆ࡢ㔠⼥᝟ໃࢆ⤂௓

㺃㉁␲ᛂ⟅ᙧᘧ࡟ࡼࡿ཮᪉ྥࡢㅮ⩏

ḟ࡟ࠊࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡸ࣑ࢽࢵࢶ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮࡞࡝

࡟ࡼࡿ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢᐇ㊶࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢸ࣮࣐

ࡢ㑅ᢥࡸⓎၥ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋ୰஭[2016]࡟ࡼࡿ

࡜ࠊⓎၥ࡜ࡣࠊ ࠕ⟅࠼ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡀᏛ⩦⪅࡟ᑐࡋ

࡚ᩍ⫱ⓗ࡞ពᅗࢆࡶࡗ࡚ၥ࠺⾜Ⅽࠖࠊ ࠕ⟅࠼ࢆ▱ࡿࡓ

ࡵ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᏛ⩦ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡓࡎࡡࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ࡜

࠸࠺ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ㉁ၥ࡜ࡣ༊ูࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ὀព

ࢆಁࡍࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡢ⬟ືⓗᏛ⩦ࢆᘬࡁฟࡍ ࡇ࡜࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ

ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡶᘬࡁ⥆ࡁᏛ⏕ࡢ Ꮫ⩦ពḧࢆᘬࡁฟࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡜ࡵ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ㅮ⩏᫬࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊᏛ⩦ពḧࢆႏ㉳ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᏛ⏕ࡀ

⬟ືⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ㑅ᢥ ࡋࠊⓎၥࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᩍဨ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ

᪥㡭ࠊᏛ⏕࡜ヰࢆࡍࡿ୰࡛ࡼࡃヰ㢟࡟࡞ࡿ஦᯶ࠊᏛ

⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㌟㏆࡞ࡶࡢ࡞࡝࠿ࡽࠊⓎၥࡢෆᐜࢆ᥈ࡗ

࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶ୍⪃ࡢవᆅࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡔࡀࠊᏛ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㌟㏆࡞ヰ㢟࠿ࡽࢸ࣮࣐タᐃࡸ

Ⓨၥࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣෆᐜࡢ೫ࡾࡀ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ὀពࡀ ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⏕࡟᪂ࡓ࡞▱㆑࡜ุ᩿ຊࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅ ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᐇ♫఍࡟↷ࡽࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊᏛၥⓗほ

Ⅼ࡟❧ࡕࠕ㔠⼥▱㆑ཬࡧ㔠⼥⤒῭஦᝟ࡢ⌮ゎ࡜㐺ษ

࡞㔠⼥ၟရࡢ฼⏝㑅ᢥࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄢ㢟ࢆタᐃࡋࠊⓎ

ၥࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

5 ࡲ࡜ࡵ

ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱࡜࢔

ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ᪉㔪ࠊᐇ᝟ࠊཬࡧㄢ㢟ࢆᴫ ほࡋࠊ኱Ꮫࡢᩍᐊෆ࡛ᐇ㊶ࡍࡿ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽ

ࣥࢢࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱࡟ྥࡅ᳨࡚ウ

ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ᳨ウ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ௒ᚋࠊᏛ⏕ࡢែᗘ࣭

ᚿྥᛶ࡞࡝ࢆぢᴟࡵ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᢏἲ࡟ࡼࡿ࢔ࢡ ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆヨࡳ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜ࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑ

࠺ࡋࡓᵝࠎ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆព⩏࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟

ࡣࠊྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ୰࡛Ꮫ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚᭱ၿࡢ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭

࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ᪉ἲࢆぢᴟࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ኱

Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓ㔠

⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊඛࡎࡣ㔠⼥࡟㛵 ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡬ࡢᏛ⏕ࡢᏛ⩦ពḧࢆ㧗ࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢ᫬ࠊᩍဨࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡀ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᏛࡪࡇ

࡜࡟㧗࠸౯್ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ ┠ᶆࡸάືࢆᐃࡵࠊ

♧ࡍࠊ㔠⼥ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᏛ⏕ࡀ⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸

ุ࡚᩿࣭⾜ື࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ணᮇࡉࡏࡿࠊᏛ⏕ࡢ㔠⼥ࣜ

ࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡬ࡢᏛ⩦ពḧࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ༠ຊⓗ࡞⎔ቃࢆࡘࡃ

ࡾฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せࡔ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ

(1) ࡲࡓࠊ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍>@࡛ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿၥ 㢟ゎỴࡢࡓࡵࡢ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕᏛಟ

⪅ࡀ⬟ືⓗ࡟Ꮫಟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊㄆ▱ⓗࠊ೔⌮ⓗࠊ

♫఍ⓗ⬟ຊࠊᩍ㣴ࠊ▱㆑ࠊ⤒㦂ࢆྵࡵࡓỗ⏝ⓗ⬟ຊࡢ⫱

ᡂࢆᅗࡿࠋⓎぢᏛ⩦ࠊၥ㢟ゎỴᏛ⩦ࠊయ㦂Ꮫ⩦ࠊㄪᰝᏛ

⩦➼ࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࡀࠊᩍᐊෆ࡛ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣭ࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩ

ࣙࣥࠊࢹ࢕࣮࣋ࢺࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣭࣮࣡ࢡ➼ࡶ᭷ຠ࡞࢔ࢡࢸ

࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡢ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ࡜グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ

୰஭㹙㹛࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕᨻᗓᩥ᭩࡞࡝࡛ࠕᏛಟࠖ࡜࠸࠺

⏝ㄒࡀࠕᏛ⩦ࠖ࡜༊ูࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡉࢀࡲࡍࡀࠊ⌧᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣ ࡇࡢ஧ࡘࡢ⏝ㄒࡢᕪ␗ࡀᗈࡃඹ᭷ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊᮏ

᭩࡛ࡣᘬ⏝⟠ᡤࢆ㝖ࡁࠕᏛ⩦ࠖࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡲࡍࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝ ཬࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ೌ࠸ࠊᮏ✏ࡶᘬ⏝ಶᡤࢆ㝖ࡁࠕᏛ⩦ࠖ

ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋ

(2) ཧ↷㸸ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪࠊ➨㸰ᮇᩍ⫱᣺⯆ィ⏬

(ᮏ ᩥ)45 㡫㸦www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/keikaku/detail/

__icsFiles/afieldfile/2013/06/14/1336379_02_1.pdf㸧 㸦 ᖺ ᭶ ᪥࢔ࢡࢭࢫ㸧

(3) ཧ↷㸸ࠕᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥⤒῭ᩍ⫱ࡢ୍ᒙࡢ᥎㐍࡟ࡘ࠸

࡚ࠖ㸦https://www.fsa.go.jp/teach/20060925.html # bessi 㸧(2018ᖺ8᭶25᪥࢔ࢡࢭࢫ)ࠋࡇࡢせㄳࡢ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ

ከ㔜മົ࡟㝗ࡿཎᅉࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡟ࠊ฼ᜥࡢ㈇ᢸࢆ༑ศ࡟⌮

ゎࡋ࡞࠸ࡲࡲࠊ↓ᛮ៖࡟೉ࡾධࢀࢆ⾜࠺࡜࠸ࡗࡓᾘ㈝⪅

ࡢ⾜ືࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢពぢࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡸࠊಶேࡢ㔠⼥㈨⏘㐠

⏝ࡢ㔜せᛶࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࣜࢫࢡ࡜ࣜࢱ࣮ࣥࡢྍ⬟ᛶ

ࢆྵࢇࡔ㔠⼥ၟရ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢከᵝ໬࣭㧗ᗘ໬ࡢᛴ㏿࡞

㐍ᒎࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(4) ࡇࡢ఍㆟ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊࠕ㔠⼥ᗇ㔠⼥◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀ

ࡓࠕ㔠⼥⤒῭ᩍ⫱◊✲఍ࠖࡢ୰࡛ ᖺ ᭶࡟ྲྀࡾࡲ࡜

ࡵ࡚බ⾲ࡋࡓࠕ㔠⼥⤒῭ᩍ⫱◊✲఍ሗ࿌᭩ࠖࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚

ྠሗ࿌᭩ࡢ᪉㔪ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡾ᳨ウㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚♧ࡉ

ࢀࡓㅖㄢ㢟࡬ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᑂ㆟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ(ཧ

↷㸸㔠⼥ᗈሗ୰ኸጤဨ఍ ▱ࡿࡱࡿ࡜ࠕࠕ㔠⼥⤒῭ᩍ⫱᥎ 㐍఍㆟ࠖࡢタ⨨࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ㸸https://www. shiruporuto.jp/

public/document/container/suishin/suishin201306.htm

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l)ࠋ㔠⼥⤒῭ሗ࿌᭩࡟ᥖࡆࡽࢀࡓㅖㄢ㢟࡬ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡘ

࠸࡚ࠊ㐺ษ࡞ᙺ๭ศᢸࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡼࡾຠ⋡ⓗ࣭ຠᯝ

ⓗ࡟᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦ཧ↷㸸ࠕ㔠⼥ᗇ࡟

࠾ࡅࡿ㔠⼥⤒῭ᩍ⫱ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖhttps://www.

kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/saimu/kondankai/dai08/siryou4.pd f㸧㸧㸦2018ᖺ8᭶23᪥࢔ࢡࢭࢫ㸧ࠋ

(5) 㔠⼥ᗇࡣࠊ ᖺ ᭶࡟᭷㆑⪅࣭㛵ಀ┬ᗇ࣭㛵ಀᅋయࢆ

࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡜ࡍࡿࠕ㔠⼥⤒῭ᩍ⫱◊✲఍ࠖࢆタ⨨ࡋࠊ௒ᚋ ࡢ㔠⼥⤒῭ᩍ⫱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ ᖺ

᭶࡟ሗ࿌᭩ࢆබ⾲ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊࠕ⏕άࢫ࢟ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚᭱

ప㝈㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿ࡭ࡁ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࠖࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ ෆᐜࢆࠊᖺ㱋ᒙู࡟ࠊయ⣔ⓗ࠿ࡘලయⓗ࡟グࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀ ࠕ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭࣐ࢵࣉ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ㸦㔠⼥ᗈሗ୰ኸጤဨ

఍㸸https://www.shiruporuto.jp/public/document/ contai ner/literacy㸧㸦2018ᖺ8᭶23᪥࢔ࢡࢭࢫ㸧ࠋࡇࡢ࣐ࢵ

ࣉ࡛᫂♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻࢆ┠

Ᏻ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡼࡾຠᯝⓗ࣭ຠ⋡ⓗ࡟ᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜

ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢ࣐ࢵࣉࡣࠊ ᖺ ᭶࡟බ⾲ࡉࢀࠊ ᖺ ᭶࡟ᨵゞࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦ࠕ㔠

⼥ ࣜ ࢸ ࣛ ࢩ ࣮ ࣭ ࣐ ࢵ ࣉ(2015 ᖺ 6 ᭶ ᨵ ゞ ∧)㸸 https://www.shiruporuto.jp/public/document/container/

literacy/pdf/map.pdf㸧㸦2018ᖺ9᭶11᪥࢔ࢡࢭࢫ㸧 (6) ཧ↷㸸㔠⼥ᗈሗ୰ኸጤဨ఍ࠕ▱ࡿࡱࡿ࡜ࠖ2016ᖺ6᭶ 17᪥௜ 㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ㄪᰝࠋᮏㄪᰝࡢ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ 㔠⼥ᗈሗ୰ኸጤဨ఍ࡀࠊࢃࡀᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ18ṓ௨ୖࡢಶே

ࡢ㔠⼥ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ⌧≧ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦https://www.shiruporuto.

jp/public/document/container/literacy_chosa/㸧㸦2018ᖺ 9᭶1᪥࢔ࢡࢭࢫ㸧

(7) ࡞࠾ࠊ㔠⼥ᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜࠺࡭ࡁ࡜ࡢពぢࢆࡶࡘᅇ⟅⪅ᩘࡣ

15,611 ேࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ㔠⼥ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓேࡣ

1,298ே࡜ࠊ⾜࠺࡭ࡁ࡜ࡢᅇ⟅⪅ᩘ࡟༨ࡵࡿ๭ྜࡣ8.3㸣

࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

(8) ୰஭>@࡛ࡣᘬ⏝⟠ᡤࢆ㝖࠸࡚ࠕ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣮ࣛࢽࣥ

ࢢࠖࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ✏ࡣᘬ⏝⟠ᡤ௨እ࡛ࡣࠕ࢔ࢡࢸ

࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࠖࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋ

(9) ᭦࡟ࠊ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍[2014]⟅⏦㸦 㡫㸧࡛ࡣࠊࠕ኱Ꮫ࡟

࠾࠸࡚⫱ᡂࡍ࡭ࡁຊࢆᏛ⏕ࡀ☜ᐇ࡟㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ

኱Ꮫᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕᩍဨࡀఱࢆᩍ࠼ࡿ࠿ࠖࡼࡾࡶࠕᏛ⏕

ࡀఱࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡓ࠿ࠖࢆ㔜どࡋࠊᏛ⏕ࡢᏛಟᡂᯝࡢᢕᥱ࣭

ホ౯ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(10) ஦౛࠿ࡽᏛࡪ࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿࢣ࣮ࢫ࣭࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜ࣉࣟࢪ࢙

ࢡࢺ࣭࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ6DYHU\>@ࡣࠊఱࢀࡶ࢔

ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢆಁࡋࠊศᯒ࡜⤫ྜࡢࡼ࠺࡞㧗࠸

ḟඖࡢᛮ⪃࡬࡜Ꮫ⩦⪅ࢆᚑ஦ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿຠᯝ

ⓗᡓ␎࡛࠶ࡿ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(11) 㔠⼥ᗇ>@࡛ࡣࠊࠕࣇ࢕ࣥࢸࢵࢡ㸦)LQ7HFK㸧࡜ࡣࠊ୺

࡟ࠊ,7 ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸㔠⼥ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆᣦࡋࠊ㔠⼥

㸦)LQDQFH㸧࡜ᢏ⾡㸦7HFKQRORJ\㸧ࢆ᥃ࡅྜࢃࡏࡓ㐀ㄒ࡛

࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(12) ➨1ᅇ┠ᤵᴗࡢ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࢩ࣮ࢺ࡟ࠊࠕ࡞ࡐࡇࡢ⛉┠ࢆཷ

ㅮࡋࡼ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࢆ⡆₩࡟グධࡋ࡚

ୗࡉ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺㉁ၥ㡯┠ࢆタࡅࠊᏛ⏕࡟ᅇ⟅࣭ᥦฟࡋ࡚

ࡶࡽࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࢩ࣮ࢺ࡟࠶ࡿᏛ⏕ࡢグ㏙ࢆ

ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ༢఩ࡀᚲせࡔ࠿ࡽࠊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ」ᩘྡࡢᏛ⏕࠿ࡽ

ࡢᅇ⟅ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

(13) ౛࠼ࡤࠊ2018 ᖺ⛅Ꮫᮇ㛤ㅮࡢࠕ㔠⼥ㄽࠖࡢ➨㸰ᅇ┠࡟

ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺2016ᖺ7᭶27᪥௜ࡢグ஦ࠕ࣐ࢿ࣮

NEW WAVE ࢫ࣐࣍ࡀ㔠⼥ࢆኚ࠼ࡿձ ࣮࢝ࢻ࡞ࡋ࡛

ᘬࡁฟࡋࠖࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࠋ

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩

OECD[2005] ͆Recommendation on Principles and Good Practices for Financial education and Awareness.

RECOMMENDATION OF THE COUNCIL͇

(http://www.oecd.org/finance/financial-education/3510856 0.pdf) 㸦2018ᖺ9᭶1᪥࢔ࢡࢭࢫ㸧

OECD[2006] ͆Policy Brief : The Importance of Financial Education ͇(http://www.oecd.org/finance/financial-educat

ion/37087833.pdf) 㸦2018ᖺ8᭶29᪥࢔ࢡࢭࢫ㸧 OECD[2008]͉Financial Education in Schools”

(https://www.oecd.org/finance/financial-education/FinEd School_web.pdf)㸦2018ᖺ8᭶25᪥࢔ࢡࢭࢫ㸧

Savery,J.R. [2006] “Overview of problem-based learning:

Definitions and distinctions,” Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning,1(1),9-20.

㔠⼥ᗇ[2017]ࠕᖹᡂ28ᖺᗘ 㔠⼥࣏࣮ࣞࢺࠖ

ᰩ⏣ె௦Ꮚ࣭᪥ᮏᩍ⫱◊✲࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮⦅[2017]

ࠕ࢖ࣥࢱࣛࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭ࢸ࢕࣮ࢳࣥࢢ̿࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥ

ࢢࢆಁࡍᤵᴗ࡙ࡃࡾ̿ࠖࠊἙྜฟ∧

୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍[2008]⟅⏦ࠕᏛኈㄢ⛬ᩍ⫱ࡢᵓ⠏࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠖ

୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍[2012]⟅⏦ࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞ᮍ᮶ࢆ⠏ࡃࡓࡵࡢ኱Ꮫᩍ

⫱ࡢ㉁ⓗ㌿᥮࡟ྥࡅ࡚㹼⏕ᾭᏛࡧ⥆ࡅࠊ୺యⓗ࡟⪃࠼ࡿຊ

ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿ኱Ꮫ࡬ࠖ

୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍[2014]⟅⏦ࠕ᪂ࡋ࠸᫬௦࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸㧗኱

᥋⥆ࡢᐇ⌧࡟ྥࡅࡓ㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࠊ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࠊ኱ᏛධᏛ⪅

㑅ᢤࡢ୍యⓗᨵ㠉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㹼ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢⱝ⪅ࡀክࡸ┠ᶆࢆ

ⱆ྿࠿ࡏࠊᮍ᮶࡟ⰼဏ࠿ࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟㹼ࠖ

ෆ㛶ᗓ[2005]ࠕ⤒῭㈈ᨻ㐠Ⴀ࡜ᵓ㐀ᨵ㠉࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶᮏ᪉㔪 2005ࠖ (http://www5.cao.go.jp/keizai-shimon/cabinet/

2005/0621kakugikettei.pdf) 㸦2018ᖺ8᭶24᪥࢔ࢡࢭࢫ㸧 ෆ㛶ᗓ[2006]ࠕ⤒῭㈈ᨻ㐠Ⴀ࡜ᵓ㐀ᨵ㠉࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶᮏ᪉㔪

2006ࠖ(http://www5.cao.go.jp/keizai-shimon/cabinet/20 06/decision060707.pdf) 㸦2018ᖺ8᭶24᪥࢔ࢡࢭࢫ㸧

୰஭ಇᶞ ⦅[2016]ࠕࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ ኱Ꮫࡢᩍᤵἲ3 ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ

࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࠖࠊ⋢ᕝ኱Ꮫฟ∧㒊

㸦ཎ✏ཷ⌮ᖺ᭶᪥2018ᖺ10᭶11᪥㸧

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