Hiroaki ITO չ!൥!ฎ!ྶ  ‘Belling the Cat’(1): On Astemio’s Hecatomythium ȶ෍͈ਉͅႝ̫ͬ̾ͥȷȪˍȫȝȝͺΑΞȜη΂ȸຐდਬȹ̪ͬ͛̽̀

ၯ₹ᄢቇ♿ⷐ㧔ᢎ㙃ቇㇱ㧕╙Ꮞ╙㧝ภ ᐕ

ȶ෍͈ਉͅႝ̫ͬ̾ͥȷȪˍȫȝȝͺΑΞȜη΂ȸຐდਬȹ̪ͬ͛̽̀

‘Belling the Cat’(1): On Astemio’s Hecatomythium

չ! ൥! ฎ! ྶ^ɖ

Hiroaki ITO

㧝 ࡠ࠼࡝ࠥࠬޡᣣᧄ⺆ᢥౖޢߣੑߟߩࠗ࠰࠶

ࡊኚ⹤㓸

ࡐ࡞࠻ࠟ࡞಴りߩࠗࠛ࠭ࠬળ჻ޔ ޟㅢ੐ޠ࡚ࠫ

ࠕࡦ࡮ࡠ࠼࡝ࠥࠬ㧔

João Rodrigues, 1561-1633

㧕 ߪޔ1604 ᐕ㧔ᘮ㐳㧥ᐕ㧕߆ࠄ

1608

ᐕ㧔ᘮ㐳

13

ᐕ㧕ߦ߆ߌߡޔ㐳ፒߩࠦ࡟ࠫࠝ߆ࠄޔᶈἇߥࡐ

࡞࠻ࠟ࡞⺆ߦࠃࠆޡᣣᧄ⺆ᢥౖޢ 㧔

Arte da Lingoa

de Iapam㧕̆̆ߩߜߦ㧔1620

ᐕ㧕ࡑࠞࠝߢᓐ߇

ೀⴕߒߚޡᣣᧄ⺆ዊᢥౖޢ㧔

Arte Breve da Lingoa Iapoa㧕ߦᲧߒߡޡᣣᧄ⺆ᄢᢥౖޢߣߒ߫ߒ߫๭

߫ࠇࠆ̆̆ࠍೀⴕߒߚ

¹

ޕߘߩ╙㧝Ꮞߩޟᦠ߈

⸒⪲ߩ⢐ቯᵴ↪⋥ធᴺޕᧂ᧪ߦ↪޿ࠆഥㄉޠ 㧔

Particulas que servem ao futuro do Indicativo da escritura affirmativo㧕ߩ߭ߣߟߣߒߡޔޟߥࠎޠ

㧔Nan㧕ࠍ⺑᣿ߒߡޔޟߎߩഥㄉߪേ⹖ߩ⺆ᩮߦ ធߒߡޔ⋥⺑ᴺߩᧂ᧪ࠍ␜ߔޠ 㧔Esta particulas se

ajunta as rayzes dos verbos, et be futuro do Indicativo

㧕

²

ߣㅀߴޔ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ଀ᢥࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿

ࠆޕߘߩਛߦޔᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ৻ᢥ߇⷗޿ߛߐࠇࠆޕ

Xenzuru tocoro necono cubini suzuuo tçuquete voqui famberaba, yasuqu xinanto yǔ. Esopo.

㧔⹢

ߕࠆߣߎࠈޔ₀ߩ㚂ߦ㋈ࠍߟߌߡ⟎߈ଂࠄ

߫ޔ߿ߔߊߒߥࠎߣ޿߰ޕޟદᦥ଻ޠ㧕

³

ࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤ߩ৻ߟߒߡޔੱญߦ⤤ὂߒߡ޿

ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠ߳ߩޔᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆ ᦨೋߩ⸒෸߇ߎߩᒁ↪ᢥߢ޽ࠆޕࡠ࠼࡝ࠥࠬ߇

“Esopo”

ߣ⸥ߒߡ޿ࠆ಴ౖߪޔ߽ߜࠈࠎޔ ޟࠗ࠰

࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޠߩߎߣࠍᜰߒߡ߅ࠅޔࠊ߇࿖ߢߪ

ࠗࠛ࠭ࠬળ჻ߦࠃߞߡޔ

1593

ᐕ㧔ᢥ⑍㧞ᐕ㧕ߦ ᄤ⨲ߩቇᨋ㧔ࠦ࡟ࠫࠝ㧕߆ࠄޔญ⺆⸶ࡠ࡯ࡑሼ ᧄ ߩ ޡ ࠗ ࠰ ࡐ ߩ ࡂ ࡉ ࡜ ࠬ ޢ㧔

ESOPO NO FABVLAS㧕ߣߒߡޔޡᐔኅ‛⺆ޢߣޡ㊄ฏ㓸ޢ

ߣวᧄߐࠇߡೀⴕߐࠇߚ

⁴

ޕߎࠇ߇ޔᣣᧄ⺆ߦ

⠡⸶ߐࠇߚޔ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄଶ⺆ᢥቇߩᦨೋߩ૞ຠ

ߢ޽ߞߚޕ⛯޿ߡޔ ޡࠗ࠰ࡐߩࡂࡉ࡜ࠬޢ߆ࠄ߶

߷

20

ᐕᓟߩ

1610

ᐕઍޔᘮ㐳ᧃᐕ߆ࠄర๺ೋᐕ ߩ㑆ߦޔฎᵴሼᧄߦࠃࠆ࿖ሼᧄޡદᦥ଻‛⺆ޢ ߇⃻ࠇޔೀⴕᐕߩ⸥タ߇޽ࠆ

1639

ᐕ㧔ኡ᳗

16

ᐕ㧕߹ߢޔ⃻࿷㧥⒳ߩೀᧄ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ

⁵

ޕ ߣߎࠈ߇ޔᄤ⨲ ޡࠗ࠰ࡐߩࡂࡉ࡜ࠬޢߣฎᵴ ሼᧄޡદᦥ଻‛⺆ޢߣߢߪޔᦨೋߦ⟎߆ࠇߚદ ᦥ଻વߢߩ⇣ห߇ᄙߊ⷗ࠄࠇޔ߹ߚኚ⹤ߦߟ޿

ߡߪ෼߼ࠄࠇߚౝኈ߇߈ࠊ߼ߡ⋧㆑ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ ߔߥࠊߜޔᄤ⨲ ࡠ࡯ࡑሼᧄ߇

70

⹤ࠍ෼߼ߡ޿

ࠆߩߦኻߒߡޔฎᵴሼᧄ߇

64

⹤ࠍ෼߼ࠆ߇ޔਔ

⠪ߦ౒ㅢߔࠆߩߪ

25

⹤ߦߔ߉ߥ޿ޕઁᣇޔࡠ࠼

࡝ࠥࠬߩޡᣣᧄ⺆ᄢᢥౖޢߪޔᐕઍ⊛ߦߪޡࠗ

࠰ࡐߩࡂࡉ࡜ࠬޢߣޡદᦥ଻‛⺆ޢߩ㑆ߦೀⴕ ߐࠇߚ߇ޔߎߩᢥౖߦ߅޿ߡ᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ

‘Esopo’߆ࠄߩᒁ↪ᢥߩᕈᩰߪⶄ㔀ߢ޽ࠆޕ߆ߟ

㧖޿ߣ߁࡮߭ࠈ޽߈

ၯ₹ᄢቇᢎ㙃ቇㇱᢎ᝼㧘ᕁᗐผ࡮⧓ⴚ⺰

㧙㧙

ߡ࿯੗ᔘ↢ߪޔޡᣣ⫁ㄉᦠޢ㧔1603 ᐕ㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ ᒁ↪߽฽߼ߡޔᰴߩࠃ߁ߦᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ߚޕ

ᣣ⫁ㄉᦠߦદᦥ଻‛⺆߆ࠄᒁ↪ߒߚᢥ଀

ߪޔ

Fab.

ߣᮡߒߚ߽ߩච৻଀ޔ಴ౖࠍᮡ⸥

ߒߥ޿߽ߩᢙ଀ࠍᢙ߳ࠆ߇ޔߔߴߡᄤ⨲ 

ญ⸶ᧄߦዻߔࠆޕὼࠆߦޔࡠ࠼࡝ࠥࠬߩᣣ ᧄ⺆ᄢᢥౖߦ಴ౖࠍޟદᦥ଻ޠߥߤߣᮡߒ ߡᒁ↪ߒߡࠋࠆᢥ଀ࠍ⷗ࠆߦޔญ⺆ᢥߣᢥ

⺆ᢥߣ߇޽ߞߡޔญ⺆ߦ౐ච૛଀ߪᖅߊᄤ

⨲ ᧄߩᢥߣ⷗୮ߐࠇࠆޕᢥ⺆ߩ߽ߩߪੑ

ච৻଀ߦㆊ߉ߥ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔߘߩਛߢ߽

৾଀ߪᄤ⨲ ᧄߦోߊᰳߌߡࠋࠆኚ⹤ਛ ߩᢥߢ޽ߟߡޔ࿖ሼᢥ⺆ᧄߦ৻⥌ߒ෶ߪㄭ

ૃߒߡዬࠅޔච଀ߪᄤ⨲ ᧄߦ߽⋧ᒰߒߚ

⸥ㅀࠍሽߒߥ߇ࠄޔߘߩญ⺆ᢥߦߪ㆙ߊޔ

࿖ሼᧄߩᢥ⺆ᢥߦ↟ߛㄭ޿߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕᱷ ࠆ྾଀ߪޔߘࠇߣߪ෻ኻߦޔ࿖ሼᢥ⺆ᧄߦ ߪ㆙ߊߡᄤ⨲ ᧄߦㄭ޿߆ޔᄤ⨲ ᧄߩߺ ߇᦭ߔࠆኚ⹤ਛߩᢥߢ޽ߟߡ⠰߽ᄤ⨲ 

ᧄߩญ⺆ᢥߣૃㅢߞߡࠋࠆ߽ߩ߆ߢ޽ࠆ

⁶

ޕ

࿯੗ߪޔߔߢߦᣂ᧛಴߇ᄤ⨲ ᧄߣฎᵴሼᧄߦ

౒ㅢߔࠆޟᐢᧄޠᢥ⺆⸶ߩሽ࿷ࠍ␜ໂߒߡ޿ߚ ߎߣࠍฃߌߡ

⁷

ޔᓐ⥄りߩ✺ኒߥற⸽߽ട߃ߟ ߟޔฎᵴሼᧄߣߪޟ೎ߩᢥ⺆⸶ᧄޠ߇ሽ࿷ߒߚ ߣផ᷹ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ᫪↰ᱞߩ⠨ኤߦᓥ߁ߥ ࠄ߫ޔޡᣣᧄᄢᢥౖޢߦ‘Esopo’ߥߤߣ಴ౖࠍ␜

ߐࠇߚᒁ↪଀ߪޔᄤ⨲ ᧄߦ᜚ࠄߥ޿ᢥ⺆ߦࠃ ࠆᢥ଀ࠍ

24

฽ࠎߢ߅ࠅޔߘࠇߪ྾ߟߩ㘃ߦ߹ߣ

߼ࠄࠇࠆޕ

(1)

ᄤ⨲ ᧄߦኻᔕߔࠆᧄᢥ߇ߥߊޔ ฎᵴሼᧄߦ৻⥌޽ࠆ޿ߪㄭૃߔࠆ߽ߩ߇㧣଀ޕ

(2)

ኻᔕߔࠆᧄᢥߪਔ⠪ߦ޽ࠆ߇ޔฎᵴሼᧄߦ৻

⥌޽ࠆ޿ߪㄭૃߔࠆ߽ߩ߇

10

଀ޕ(3)ኻᔕߔࠆ ᧄᢥߪਔ⠪ߦ޽ࠆ߇ޔᄤ⨲ ߦㄭૃߔࠆ߽ߩ߇

㧞଀ޕ

(4)ኻᔕߔࠆᧄᢥ߇ᄤ⨲ ᧄߦߛߌ޽ࠆ߽

ߩ߇㧡଀ߢ޽ࠆ

⁸

ޕࡠ࠼࡝ࠥࠬ߇ޡᣣᧄᄢᢥౖޢ

ࠍၫ╩ߒߡ޿ߚߣ߈ߦޔᄤ⨲ ᧄߪ⌒೨ߦ޽ߞ ߚࠊߌߛ߇ޔߘࠇߣߪ೎ߩޔ߅ߘࠄߊߪᢥ⺆⸶

દᦥ଻‛⺆ࠍ߽ෳᾖߒߡ޿ߚޕߘߩⓂᧄߣਔ  ߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ߹ߛቢోߦߪ⸃᳿ߐࠇߡ

޿ߥ޿

⁹

ޕ

ߎߩ໧㗴ߪ߭ߣ߹ߕ⟎ߊߣߒߡޔ ޡᣣᧄ⺆ᄢᢥ

ౖޢߦᒁ↪ߐࠇߚޔ ޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠߩ‛⺆߆ࠄߩ৻

ᢥߪޔ᫪↰ᱞߩಽ㘃ߩ(1)ޔߔߥࠊߜޔᄤ⨲ ᧄ ߦሽ࿷ߖߕޔฎᵴሼᧄߦ৻⥌ߔࠆᢥ଀ߦ⋧ᔕߔ ࠆޕߎߩ‛⺆ߪޡદᦥ଻‛⺆ޢ㧔ਅ㧕17 ߣߒߡ

⷗޿ߛߐࠇࠆ

¹⁰

ޕ

ච৾ 㥘

^ߨߕߺ

ߩ⺣ว

^ߛࠎ߆߁11

ߩ੐

޽ࠆᤨޔ㥘

^{㧔ࠄ߁ߦ߾ߊ}⠧ ⧯^{ߥࠎߦࠂ㧕}↵ ᅚ

⋧

^޽߭

㓸

^޽ߟ

߹ࠅߡ௘⼏

^{ߖ ࠎ ߉}

ߒ ߌࠆߪޔޟ޿ߟ߽߆ߩ₀

^ߨߎ

ߣ޿߰޿ߚߠࠄ⠪

^߽ߩ

ߦ߶ࠈ߷ߐࠆࠒᤨ

^ߣ߈

ޔජ

^ߜ

ߚ߮ᖎ

^ߊ

߿߼ߤ߽ޔߘ ߩ㦴

^߃߈

ߥߒޕ߆ߩ₀

^ߨߎ

ޔ⡪ࠍߚߟࠆ߆ޔߒ߆ࠄ ߕߪ⿷㖸

^ࠍߣ㜞^ߚ߆

ߊߥߤߖ߫ޔ߆ߨߡ↪ᔃߔߴߌ ࠇߤ߽ޔ߭ߘ߆ߦㄭߠ߈ߚࠆ⒟ߦޔ

^{㧔ࠁߛࠎ㧕}↱ ᣆ

ߒ ߡข

^ߣ

ࠄࠆࠒߩߺߥࠅޕ޿߆ࠓߪߖࠎޠߣ޿

߭ߌࠇ߫ޔ

᡿⠧^{ߎ ࠄ ߁12}

ߩ 㥘

^ߨߕߺㅴ^ߔࠒߺ಴ߢߡ↳ߌࠆߪޔ

ޟ⹢ߕࠆᚲޔ₀

^ߨߎ

ߩ㚂

^ߊ߮

ߦ㋈

^ߔࠓ

ࠍ

^㧔ߟߌ㧕ઃ

ߡ ࠍ

^㧔߅㧕

߈

㧔ߪࠎߴ㧕

ଂ

ࠄ߫ޔ߿ߔߊ ⍮

^㧔ߒࠅ㧕

ߥࠎޠߣ޿߰ޕ

⊝ޘޔ

ޟ߽ߟߣ߽ޠߣหᔃߒߌࠆޕޟὼࠄ߫ޔߎ ߩ߁ߜࠃࠅ⺕

^㧔޿ߢ㧕

಴ ߡ߆ޔ₀

^ߨߎ

ߩ㚂

^ߊ߮

ߦ㋈

^ߔࠓ

ࠍઃ

^ߟ

ߌ

⛎ߪࠎ߿ޠߣ޿߰ߦޔ^㧔ߓ߿߁㧕਄ 㦼^ࠄ߁ߨߕߺ

㥘

¹³

ࠃࠅ

^㧔ߒ߽㧕ਅ

㥘ߦ⥋

^޿ߚ

ࠆ߹ߢޔޟᚒઃ

^ߟ

ߌࠎޠߣ

^㧔޿߰㧕੔

⠪

^߽ߩ

ߥߒޕ

ᤚߦࠃ㧔ߞ㧕ߡޔߘߩߚ߮ߩ⼏ቯ^߉ߓ߾߁14

੐

^ߎߣ⚳^߅ߪ

ࠄ ߢㅌᢔ

^ߚ޿ߐࠎ

ߒߧޕ

౔ߏߣߊޔੱߩߌߥߍߛߡࠍ޿߽߰ޔด

ߚࠒߺ⇷

ߩ਄ߩ

^ߊࠊ߁ߍࠎᑝ

⸒

਽ ¹⁵

ޕ

^{㧔ߖࠎߝ߿߁㧕}ᚩ ႐

ߦ߻߆߳߫ޔ ߟߨߦ

^ߟߪ߽ߩ౓

ߣ޿߰ ‛

^㧔߽ߩ㧕

߽㔡

^߰ࠆ

߭ࠊߥࠒߊߣߙ

⷗

^ߺ߃ߌࠆޕߒ߆ࠄߕߪޔߥࠎߙߔߺ߿߆ߦ ᢜ࿡^ߎߊ

ࠍ߶ࠈ߷ߐߑࠆޕ⣶ᛮ

^{ߎ ߒ ߧ}

ߌߩࠋ߫߆ࠄ߭

16

ޔߚࠒߺᄥ 㥏

^㧔ߚ޿ߎ㧕

ߦᚻᜉሶ

^{㧔ߡ߮߿߁ߒ㧕17}

ߣ߽ޔߎࠇࠄߩ

੐ࠍ

^㧔߹߁ߒ↳ ^{ߪࠎߴࠆ㧕}

ଂ ߴ߈ޕ

㥘ߚߜ߇ޔ₀߇ㄭߠߊߩࠍ੍߼⍮ࠆߚ߼ߦޔ

₀ߩ㚂ߦ㋈ࠍߟߌࠆߎߣߦ᳿߹ߞߚ߇ޔ⺕߽ߘ ߩታⴕࠍ↳ߒ಴ߥ߆ߞߚޔߣ޿߁‛⺆ߩේဳߪ ߎߎߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆޕߘߩߩߜޔ ޡદᦥ଻‛⺆ޢߪ

1659

ᐕ㧔ਁᴦ㧞ᐕ㧕ߦޔ

࠹ࠢࠬ࠻਄ߪฎᵴሼᧄ

♽ߦᔘታߥޔ15

ߩᝌ⛗ߩ౉ߞߚᢛᧄ ߇ೀⴕߐ ࠇࠆ߇ޔߘࠇ߇ฎᵴሼᧄ♽ߩᦨᓟߩ✬➏ᦠߣߥ ߞߚ

¹⁸

ޕ

㧞 ޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠ̆̆ᳯᚭ߆ࠄ᣿ᴦ߳

ઁᣇޔޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠߩ‛⺆ߪޔ1662 ᐕ㧔ኡᢥ 㧞ᐕ㧕ߩ઒ฬ⨲ሶ ޡὑᗱ∻‛⺆ޢᏎ㧡╙㧝⹤ޟ㥘 ߤ߽㓸߹ࠅ⺣ว⹏⼏ߩ੐ޠߦ߅޿ߡޔ㐳ᢥߩ‛

⺆ߦᦠ߈឵߃ࠄ߃ߡฃኈߐࠇߚ

¹⁹

ޕ߹ߚޔ

1682

ᐕ㧔ᑧቲ㧥ᐕ㧕㗃ߦޔ྆ᧄޡ߁߆ࠇ߫ߥߒޢਅ Ꮞ╙

14

⹤ޟ㥘‛⺆ߩ੐ޠߦ߅޿ߡޔ

╉⹤ߦ઀┙

ߡࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ

²⁰

ޕᳯᚭ߽ᓟᦼޔ

1844

ᐕ㧔ᄤ଻

15

ᐕ㧕ೀߩޔὑ᳗ᤐ᳓૞࡮᱌Ꮉ⽵㊀↹ߩޡ⛗౉ᢎ

⸠ㄭ㆏ޢߪޔᧄᢥ19

⹤ਛߩ

16

⹤߇ޡદᦥ଻‛

⺆ޢ߆ࠄណࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩਛߦޟ㥘ߩ ળ⼏ޠ߽෼㍳ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

²¹

ޕ

ߨߕߺ

㥘

ޔ⺣ว

^ߛࠎߎ߁

ߔࠆߪߥߒ

޽ࠆᤨޔ㥘ߩᄢ൓㓸߹ࠅߡ⺣วߒߌࠆߪޔ ޟ޿ߟ߽ޔ߆ߩ₀ߣ޿߰

^޿ߚߕᓤ

ࠄ⠪

^߽ߩ

ߦ᝝

^ߣ

ࠄࠆࠒ

ᤨޔජᐲ^{ߜ ߚ ߮}ᖎ^ߊ

߭ߡ߽ޔߘߩ⹢

^ߖࠎ

ߥߒޕ߆ߩ₀ޔ

ჿࠍ┙ߡࠆ߆ޔ⿷㖸ߢ߽ߔࠇ߫ޔ߆ߨߡ↪

ᔃߒߡޔ᝝ࠄࠇࠆⷡᖗࠍߔࠆߥࠇߤ߽ޔኒ^߭ߘ

߆ߦㄭነࠅߡ᧪ࠆ᡿ޔ᛬ࠅ᛬ࠅᴤᢿߒߡ᝝

ࠄࠆࠒߥࠅޕ޿߆ߦߖ߫⦟߆ࠄࠎޠߣ⸒߭

ߌࠇ߫ޔ৻ߟߩ㥘ޔㅴߺ಴ߡ↳ߒߌࠆߪޔ ޟߘࠇߦߪ૗ࠃࠅ⦟߈ᚻᲑ޽ࠅޕ߆ߩ₀ߩ 㚂߳㋈ࠍઃߌ⟎߆߫ޔߚߣ߳⿷㖸ߪߖߕߣ

߽ޔᱝᣇ

^{ߎ ߥ ߚ}

ߦᴤᢿߪ޽ࠆ߹ߓޠߣ޿߰ߦߙޔ

⊝ޘޔޟ^߽ߟߣዕ

߽ὼ

^ߒ߆

ࠆߴߒޠߣ⸒߭ߌࠆ߇ޔᄢ

൓ߩ㥘ߩਛ^߁ߜ

ࠃࠅޔ⺕޽ߟߡޔޟ₀ߩ㚂߳㋈

ࠍઃߌߦⴕ߆߁ޠߣ޿߁⠪ߥߌࠇ߫ޔߟ޿

ߦޔߘߩ⺣วߪᱛߺߦߌࠆޕ

ߘߩᅤߊޔੱ߽ᓟవ

^޽ߣߐ߈

ߩൊᑯ

^߆ࠎߴࠎ

ߥߊޔ

^{ࠅࠃ߁ߌࠎ}ੌ ◲

޽ ࠅߍߦญࠍณߊ⠪ߪޔ㥘ߦ╬ߒߊޔߟ޿ߦ ߪᕯࠍ߆ߊ߽ߩߥࠇ߫ޔޟญߪ⑒߭ߩ㐷ޠ ߣᕁ߰ߴߒޕ

○

‛⸒߳߫ߊߜ߮ࠆኙߒ⑺ߩ㘑

ᧄᢥߪฎᵴሼ ޡદᦥ଻‛⺆ޢࠍ߶߷〯ⷅߒ ߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔ‛⺆ߩᢎ⸠ߣߒߡߪޔ⧊⭈ߩฏࠍᦨ ᓟߦᝪ߃ߡޔਇ↪ᗧߥ⊒⸒ࠍ⺉߼ࠆ߽ߩߣߥߞ ߡ޿ࠆޕ

᣿ᴦᦼߦ౉ߞߡޔ⷏᰷ߩᦠ‛ߩ⠡⸶ߪᕆㅦߦ

ㅴ߻߇ޔࠗ࠰࠶ࡊ‛⺆߽଀ᄖߢߪߥߊޔ⧷⸶߆

ࠄߩ㇌⸶ߩᚑഞ߇ޔߘࠇ߹ߢߩฎᵴሼ ޡદᦥ

଻‛⺆ޢ♽⛔ߩવ⛔ࠍ㚟ㅙߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆޕᒰ ߩᦠ‛ߣߪᷰㇱ᷷ ޡㅢଶદ⯃᥉‛⺆ޢో㧢Ꮞߢޔ

1873

ᐕ㧔᣿ᴦ㧢ᐕ㧕㧠᦬ߣ᥵ߩੑ࿁ߦಽߌߡޔ

㧟ౠߕߟೀⴕߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢޔో237⹤ࠍ฽߻²²

ޕ ߘߩේᦠߪޔ೨ᐕ㧔

1872

㧕ߦᷰㇱ߇⠡ೞߒߡೀ

ⴕߒߚ ࠻ࡑࠬ࡮ࠫࠚࠗࡓ࠭㧔Thomas James㧕ߩ

⧷⸶ᧄޡࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޢ㧔Aesop’s Fables

㧕ߢޔ

ೋ ߪ

1848

ᐕߦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߢ࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࡑ࡟࡯

㧔

John Murray

㧕ߦࠃߞߡೀⴕߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇

²³

ޔ

ᷰㇱ߇ឭ಴ߒߚ಴ 㗿ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔ1863

ᐕߦหߓ ᦠ⡷߆ࠄೀⴕߐࠇߚ ߦ᜚ߞߡ޿ࠆޕߚߛߒޡㅢ ଶદ⯃᥉‛⺆ޢߩߔߴߡߩ‛⺆߇ޔ࠻ࡑࠬ࡮ࠫ

ࠚࠗࡓ࠭ ߆ࠄߩ⠡⸶ߢߪߥߊޔᏎ㧢ߩ৻ㇱߪޔ

ೋ ߇

1867

ᐕߦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߢೀⴕߐࠇߚޔ

ࡈࠔࠗ

࡜࡯࡮

࠲࠙ࡦ࠯ࡦ࠻㧔Fyler Townsend㧕ߩޡ300

ߩ

ࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޢ 㧔

Three Hundred Aesop’s Fables

㧕

24

߆ࠄណࠄࠇޔ৻ㇱߪฎᵴሼ♽ޡદᦥ଻‛⺆ޢ ߆ࠄណࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ

²⁵

ޕߘߒߡޔޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠߩ‛

⺆ߪࠫࠚࠗࡓ࠭⸶㧔ೋ 㧕ߢߪ╙

107⇟ޔ

ޡㅢଶ દ⯃᥉‛⺆ޢߢߪ╙

77⇟ߣߒߡ⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

Fable CVII. The Mice in Council.

㧙㧙

Once upon a time the Mice being sadly distressed by the persecution of the Cat, resolved to call a meeting, to decide upon the best means of getting rid of this continual annoyance. Many plans were discussed and rejected; at last a young Mouse got up and proposed that a Bell should be hung round the Cat’s neck, that they might for the future always have notice of her coming, and so be able to escape. This proposition was hailed with the greatest applause, and was agreed to at once unanimously. Upon which an old Mouse, who had sat silent all the while, got up and said that he considered the contrivance most ingenious, and that it would, no doubt, be quite successful; but he had only one short question to put, namely, which of them it was who would Bell the Cat?

It is one thing to propose, another to execute²⁶.

ኚ⹤

107

ޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠ

߻߆ߒ߻߆ߒޔ₀ߩᮮ᥸ߦ߭ߤߊ⧰ߒ߼ࠄ

ࠇߡ޿ߚ㥘ߚߜ߇ޔᗧࠍ᳿ߒߡળ⼏ࠍ᜗㓸 ߒޔߎߩਇᢿߩ⧰ᖠࠍขࠅ㒰ߊᦨ⦟ߩᚻᲑ ࠍ⷗޿ߛߘ߁ߣߒ߹ߒߚޕᄙߊߩᣇ╷ߦߟ

޿ߡ⺰ߓࠄࠇޔ߹ߚㅌߌࠄࠇ߹ߒߚޕᦨᓟ ߦޔ⧯޿㥘߇┙ߜ਄߇ߞߡޔߎ߁ឭ᩺ߒ߹

ߒߚޕޟ㋈ߩ₀ߩ㚂ߩ๟ࠅߦษࠅਅߍߚࠄ ߤ߁ߢߒࠂ߁߆ޕ₀߇߿ߞߡ߈ߡ߽ޔ޿ߟ

߽᳇߇ߟߊߢߒࠂ߁߆ࠄޔㅏߍߩ߮ࠆߎߣ ߇ߢ߈߹ߔޠޕߎߩឭ᩺ߪᜉᚻ༒㉻ࠍ߽ߞ ߡ᱑ㄫߐࠇޔ⋥ߜߦḩ႐৻ቯߢ⹺߼ࠄࠇ߹

ߒߚޕߘߩߣ߈ޔߘࠇ߹ߢ㕒߆ߦᐳߞߡ޿

ߚᐕ⠧޿ߚ₀߇┙ߜ਄߇ߞߡ⸒޿߹ߒߚޕ ޟߎߩ⠨᩺ߪ߈ࠊ߼ߡᚽ⍮ߦ㐳ߌߚ߽ߩ ߣᕁ߁ߒޔ਄㚂የߦ⚳ࠊࠆߎߣߪ⇼߁૛࿾

߇ߥ޿ߛࠈ߁ޕߛ߇ޔ৻ߟߛߌ⾰໧߇޽ࠆޕ

⊝ߐࠎߩਛߢޔ޿ߞߚ޿⺕߇₀ߦ㋈ࠍߟߌ

ࠆߩ߆ߥޠޕឭ᩺ߔࠆߎߣߣታⴕߔࠆߎߣ ߪ೎߽ߩߢߔޕ

╙৾ච৾

ⴐ^ߨ

㥘

^ߕߺ໡⼏^ߛࠎ߇߰

ߩ⹤

ᚗ^޽ࠆ㗃^ߎࠈ

㥘ߤ߽߇₀ߦᚻ߭ߤߊ

^ߊࠆߒ߼⧰

ࠄࠇޕᱝ

ኂࠍߩߙߊᅢ߈ᚻᲑ߽߇ߥߣޕ৻ᄛ^{޽ ࠆ ࠃ}ⴐ^ߨ

㥘

^ߕߺ

ળห

ࠃࠅ޽߭

ࠍߥߒߡޔ໡⼏

^ߛࠎ߆߰

ࠍߪߓ߼ߚࠅޕߘߩߣ ߈Ꮸ਄ߦ߅޿ߡ⒳

^޿ࠈޘߩ₂^߹߁ߒߚߡ╷᦭ߡޕ^{㨇ߘࠇߙࠇ㨉}ᄦ ޘ

⹢

⼏ࠍㆀߍࠄࠇߚࠇߤޕ

ᤚߙߣ߅߽߰⻎ ⸘^ߪ߆ࠅߏߣ

߽ ߥߒޕὼࠆߦᦨ ᓟ

^ߏߊ߅ߪࠅ

ߦ⥋ߟߡ㆔߆ᧃထ

^{߫ ߟ ߑ}

ࠃࠅ৻

⇸ߩዊ㥘߇^ߔࠒߺ޿ߢㅴ

಴ ޕ޿ߣ㛰

^߶ߎ⦡^ࠅ߆

ߦ↳┙ࠆ᭽ޕ ޟ

^{ࠊ߇ߣ߽߇ࠄ}ᚒ ヘ

ߩᓐ

^߆ߩ

₀

^ߨߎ

ߦᄙߊ

^㨇ߣࠄ㨉ข

ࠆࠒߪޕ

^߭ߟ߈ࠂ߁⇙ ┧

ᓐ ߩㄭነࠆࠍ⍮ࠄߕߒߡޕ

^߅ߩࠒฦᴤᢿߔࠆ߇ࠁࠌ

ߥࠅޕࠃߟߡᱝᓟߪᓐ

^߆ߩ

₀ߩ㗄㗔

^ߊ߮ߚ߹

ߦ㋈ࠍߟߌ

⟎

߅߆

߻ޕὼࠆߣ߈ߪᓐߩ᧪^߈ߚ

ࠆ੐⍮ࠇᤃߊߒߡ

ᚒㅏࠊࠇߦߋ

ࠆ੐ㆃ߆ࠄߓޠߣޕ

ⴐ^ߺߥ⊝ᱝ^{ߎߩߪ߆ࠅߏߣ}⻎

ࠍ⡞ߡ

ᗵફߒޕ⇣ญห㖸ߦน^ߒ߆࡟^ࠆ

ὼ

^ߴߒ

ߣߙห

^ߤ߁ߓߌࠆޕ

ߘߩᤨ ற

^߆ߚߪࠄ

ߦ㤩ὼ

^߽ߊߨࠎ

ߣߒߡ

^߭߆߳ᛌ

ࠋߚࠆ⠧

^߰ࠆ

㥘ᕟ ࠆᕟࠆ

^{㨇ߔߔߺ޿ߢ㨉}ㅴ

಴ ޕ

ᐳਛࠍ߈ߟߣ⷗ᷰߒߡޕ‛^߽ߩ

ߒߠ߆㕒

ߦ↳┙ࠆ᭽ޟᱝ ╷

^ߪ߆ࠅߏߣᭂ߼ߡᅱߥࠅޕ౔

ഞലߎ߁ߩ߰

߽੦⪺

^޿ߜߓࠆߒ

᣿ ߆ࠆߴߒޕૉ

^ߒ߆

ߒ⨡

^ߎࠒ

ߦ

^߁ߌߚ߹ߪᛚ

ࠅ

㨇ߚ߈㨉ᐲ

৻੐

^{޿ ߜ ߓ}

޽ࠅޕ⺕

^ߚࠇᲚ^ߤߩ

߇₀ߩ㗔

^ߊ߮

ߦ㋈ࠍ

^㨇ߟߌ㨉ઃ

ߦ

ෳࠄࠆࠒ߿

⼏⺰ߪ⼏⺰ታ࿾ߪታ࿾ߥࠅ

²⁷

ࠫࠚࠗࡓ࠭⸶ߩේᦠࠍޔᷰㇱ᷷ߪᄙዋᢝⴖߒ ߥ߇ࠄ߽ޔᢥᗧࠍ⊛⏕ߦᛠីߒߚ߁߃ߢޔᣣᧄ

⺆߳ߩ⒖ߒᦧ߃ߦᚑഞߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒޿߁ࠆߛࠈ ߁ޕῺᓟߩޔࠊ߇࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆࠗ࠰࠶ࡊ‛⺆ߩฃ ኈߣዷ㐿ࠍ⠨߃ࠆ߁߃ߢޔ ޡㅢଶદ⯃᥉‛⺆ޢߪ ߈ࠊ߼ߡ㊀ⷐߥ૏⟎ࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ

²⁸

ޕ 㧟 ࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ߩવ⛔ߦ߅ߌࠆޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠ

ߎࠇ߹ߢ⷗ߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߦޔࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤ߣߒ

ߡߩޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠߪޔߘߩᒻᘒߣౝኈߪ⇣ߥࠆ

ߎߣ߇޽ߞߡ߽ޔࠊ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡㅪ✎ߣฃߌ⛮

߇ࠇߡ߈ߚޕߣߎࠈ߇ޔ⃻࿷ޔቇ໧⊛ߦା㗬ߐ ࠇࠆᩞ⸓ ߦၮߠ޿ߚේౖ⸶ߩޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤

㓸ޠࠍ❵ߊߣ߈ޔߘߎߦޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠࠍ⷗޿ߛ ߔߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿ޕߚߣ߃߫ޔ

(1)ᣥጤᵄᢥᐶ 

ߩጊᧄశ㓶⸶ޡࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޢ㧔1942 ᐕ㧕ޔ

(2) ᣂጤᵄᢥᐶ ߩਛോື㇢⸶ޡࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޢ

㧔

1999

ᐕ㧕ޔ

(3)ጤᵄዋᐕᢥᐶ ߩᴡ㊁ਈ৻⸶ޡࠗ

࠰࠶ࡊߩ߅⹤ޢ 㧔1955 ᐕ㧕ޔ

(4)ਛ౏ᢥᐶ ߩႦේ

ᐙᄦ⸶ޡᣂ⸶ࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޢ㧔1987

ᐕ㧕߇ߘ ߁ߢ޽ࠆޕߘࠇߙࠇ߇ᐩᧄߣߒߚࠡ࡝ࠪࠕ⺆ේ

ౖߪޔ

(1)ࠪࡖࡦࡉ࡝  ²⁹

ޔ

(2)ࡍ࡝࡯  ³⁰

ޔ

(3)

ࡂ࡞ࡓ 

³¹

ߣࠪࡖࡦࡉ࡝ ޔ

(4)ࠪࡖࡦࡉ࡝ ߢ

޽ࠅޔ⚿ዪޔޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠߪฎઍࠡ࡝ࠪࠕએ᧪ޔ ࠕࠗ࠰ࡐࠬ㧔ࠗ࠰࠶ࡊ㧕ߦᏫߐࠇߡ߈ߚࠡ࡝ࠪ

ࠕ⺆ߦࠃࠆኚ⹤㓸ߦߪ฽߹ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆ

32

ޕ

ࠪࡖࡦࡉ࡝ ࠍᐩᧄߣߒߚޔᷰㄝ๺㓶⸶ޡࠗ

࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޢ㧔ో㧞Ꮞޔዊቇ㙚ޔ1982 ᐕ㧕ߢ ߪޔ޿ࠊ߫⵬ㆮߣߒߡޔ ޟޡ₀ߩᦠޢ 㧔࡝ࡉࡠ࡮

࠺࡮

ࡠࠬ࡮ࠟ࠻ࠬ㧕╙

55

⹤ࠃࠅޠޔએਅߩ‛⺆ࠍ⸶

಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔╙㧞Ꮞޔ

235-236㗁㧕ޕ

ࡀ࠭ࡒߤ߽ߣࡀࠦߩߚߣ߃

޽ࠆߣ߈ࡀ࠭ࡒߚߜ߇㓸߹ߞߡળ⼏ࠍ

㐿߈ޔࡀࠦ߆ࠄりࠍ቞ࠆߦߪޔߤ߁ߒߚࠄ

ࠃ޿߆⹤ߒ޽޿߹ߒߚޕਛߢ߽৻߫ࠎ⍮ᕺ ߩ޽ࠆ৻߯߈ߩࡀ࠭ࡒ߇޿޿߹ߒߚޕ ޟࡀࠦߩ㚂ߦ㋈ࠍߟߌࠃ߁ޕߘ߁ߔࠇ߫ޔ ߣߡ߽߁߹ߊࡀࠦ߆ࠄりࠍ቞ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ ߈ࠆޕࡀࠦ߇ߤߎࠍㅢࠅߔ߉ߡ߽ޔ߆ߥࠄ ߕ㋈ߩ㖸߇⡞ߎ߃ࠆ߆ࠄߐޕޠ

ߎߩᗧ⷗ߦߪߺࠎߥ߇⾥ᚑߒ߹ߒߚޕߣ ߎࠈ߇ߎ߁޿ߞߚࡀ࠭ࡒ߇޿߹ߒߚޕ ޟߘߩߣ߅ࠅߛޕߛ߇ޔߛࠇ߇ࡀࠦߩ㚂ߦ

㋈ࠍߟߌࠆߩ߆ߨ㧫ޠ

ޟ߅ࠇߪ޿߿ߛޕޠߣޔ৻߯߈߇╵߃߹ߒ ߚޕ

ޟࠊߚߒ߽޿߿ߛߨޔࡀࠦߩߘ߫߳޿ߊߥ

ࠎߡ߹ߞ߯ࠄߏ߼ࠎߛߨޕޠ ߴߟߩࡀ࠭ࡒ߽ߘ߁޿޿߹ߒߚޕ

ߎࠇߣหߓࠃ߁ߦޔ⡛⡯⠪߿ୃ㆏჻ߚߜߪޔ

૏ߩ㜞޿ม⑂߿ޔߥ߆ߦߪมᢎߦߚ޿ߒߡ

᳿⿠ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠃߊ޽ࠆ߽ߩߢ

ߔޕ

ޟߨ߇ࠊߊ߫ޔ޽ߩมᢎࠍ߿߼ߐߖߡޔߴ ߟߩมᢎߥࠅୃ㆏㒮㐳ߦ߆ࠊࠇ߫ࠃ޿ߩ ߛ߇ޕޠߎࠇߦߪߺࠎߥ߇ᄢ⾥ᚑޕߣߎࠈ ߢᦨᓟߦޔޟมᢎࠍߣ߇߼ߛߡߔࠆ߽ߩߪޔ

ߖߞ߆ߊߩ࿾૏ࠍ߁ߒߥ޿ޔએᓟ߭ߤ޿ߎ

ߣߦߥࠆޕޠߣ޿߁ߣޔ߭ߣࠅ߇޿޿߹ߒ ߚޕޟࠊߚߒߪ޿߿ߛޕޠߴߟߩੱ߽ޔޟࠊ ߚߒߪ޿߿ߛޠޕߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔ૏ߩૐ޿ੱ

ߚߜ߇㜞޿ੱߚߜࠍ߿߼ߐߖࠃ߁ߣߒߥ

޿ߩߪޔᢘᗲߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߢߪߥߊޔߎࠊ

޿߆ࠄߢߔޕ

ޡ₀ߩᦠޢ㧔Libro de los gatos㧕ߣ޿߁ᦠ‛ߦ ߟ޿ߡߪ೎Ⓜߢᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߦߒߡ

³³

ޔዋߥߊ ߣ߽ޔฎᵴሼ♽ߩޡદᦥ଻‛⺆ޢߣޔᷰㇱ᷷⸶

ޡㅢଶદ⯃᥉‛⺆ޢ 㧔߅ࠃ߮ޔߘߩේᦠߢ޽ࠆࠫ

ࠚࠗࡓ࠭⸶ޡࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޢ㧕ߪޔࠡ࡝ࠪࠕ⺆

ේౖߣߪ೎ߩౖ᜚߆ࠄޟ₀ߩળ⼏ޠߩ‛⺆ࠍណ

↪ߒߚߎߣߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߢ޽ࠆޕࠫࠚࠗࡓ࠭⸶ߢߪޔ

೽㗴ߦޟਥߣߒߡේౖߦ᜚ࠆᣂ ޠߣᵈ⸥ߒߡ

޽ߞߚ߇ޔ ޟᐨᢥޠߦ߅޿ߡޔ⠡⸶߇ฎౖ߆ࠄߩ ޟ⥄↱ߥ⸶ޠ 㧔free translation㧕ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍᢿߞ ߚ߁߃ߢޔౖ᜚ߣߒߡޔᄙߊߩฎઍߣㄭઍߩኚ

⹤㓸ޔౕ૕⊛ߦߪࠡ࡝ࠪࠕߩࠛࡇࠣ࡜ࡓޔࡎ࡜

࠹ࠖ࠙ࠬߩㅺ⹤ޔࡃࡉ࡝ࠝࠬߩࠡ࡝ࠪࠕ⺆⹞▻ޔ

ࡄࠛ࠼࡞ࠬߩ࡜࠹ࡦ⺆⹞▻ࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆޕߘߒ ߡޔ࡟ࠬ࠻࡟ࡦࠫ߆ࠄዋᢙߩኚ⹤ࠍណ㍳ߒߚߣ ㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ

³⁴

ޕ

ࡠࠫࡖ࡯࡮࡟ࠬ࠻࡟ࡦࠫ㧔Roger L'Estrange,

1616 – 1704㧕ߪ⧷࿖ߩᢥ╩ኅߢ1692

ᐕߦ

500

૛ߩኚ⹤ࠍ⫠㓸ߒߚޡࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޔ߅ࠃ߮

㧙㧙

ઁߩ⪺ฬߥ␹⹤૞ኅߚߜߩኚ⹤㓸ޢ㧔Fables of

Aesop and Other Eminent Mythologist

㧕ࠍೀⴕߒߚ

35

ޕࠫࠚࠗࡓ࠭߇᜚ߞߚᢙዋߥ޿ౖ᜚߇ߎߩޡࠗ

࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޢߢ޽ࠅޔ ޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠߩ‛⺆߽߅ ߘࠄߊߪޔ࡟ࠬ࠻࡟ࡦࠫࠍ⚻ߡࠫࠚࠗࡓ࠭ ޡࠗ

࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޢߦ෼߼ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚᕁࠊ ࠇࠆޕߘߒߡޔᒰ⹥ߩ‛⺆ޟ㥘ߚߜޔ₀ޔ㋈ޠ ߪޔ࡟ࠬ࠻࡟ࡦࠫ ޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޠߩޟ⵬

ㆮޠਛޔࠕࡊࠬ࠹ࡒ࠙ࠬ㧔Abstemius

㧕㓸ߦዻߒ ߡ޿ࠆޕ

Fab. CCCXCI. Mice, Cat and a Bell.

There was a Devilish Sly Cat it seems, in a certain House, and the Mice were so Plagu’d with her at every turn, that they call’d a Court to advise upon some way to prevent being surpriz’d. If you’ll be Rul’d by me, (says a Member of the Board,) there’s nothing like Hanging a Bell about the Cat’s Neck, to give Warning before-hand, when Puss is a coming.

Well (says another) and now we are agreed upon the Bell, say who shall put it about the Cat’s Neck. There was no body in fine that would undertake it, and so the Expedient fell to the Ground.

The Moral.

The Boldest Talkers are not always the Greatesd Doers. ³⁶

ኚ⹤

391⇟ޟ㥘ޔ₀ޔ㋈ޠ

޽ࠆኅߦޔᖡ㝷ߩࠃ߁ߦᖡ⾫޿ߣᕁࠊࠇ ࠆ₀߇޿߹ߒߚޕ㥘ߚߜߪߎߣ޽ࠆߏߣߦޔ ߎߩ₀߆ࠄ㉃޿⋡ߦ޽ߞߡ߈ߚߩߢޔ⹏⼏

ળࠍ᜗㓸ߒߡޔਇᗧᛂߜࠍߊࠊߥ޿ᣇᴺߦ ߟ޿ߡ⋧⺣ߒ߹ߒߚޕޟ߽ߒ޽ߥߚᣇ߇⑳ ߦหᗧߒߡߊࠇࠇ߫ߛ߇ޠ㧔ߣޔ޽ࠆ⹏⼏

ຬ߇⸒޿߹ߒߚ㧕ޕޟ₀ߩ㚂ߦ㋈ࠍษࠅਅߍ

ࠆߥࠄ߫ޔ߆ߩᅛ߇᧪ߡ߽੐೨ߦ⼊๔߇㡆

ࠆߦ⋧㆑ߥ޿ޠޕ㥘ߚߜߪ⊝ޔߎߎߢขࠅ ߁ࠆᦨ਄ߩᣇ╷ ߢ޽ࠆߣ⷗ߥߒ߹ߒߚޕ ޟࠃࠈߒ޿ޠ㧔ߣޔ೎ߩ⹏⼏ຬ߇⸒ߞߚ㧕ޕ ޟࠊࠇࠊࠇߪ㋈ߦߟ޿ߡหᗧߒߚࠊߌߛ ߇ޔ⺕߇₀ߩ㚂ߦߘࠇࠍߟߌࠆߩߛࠈ߁ ߆ޠޕ⚿ዪޔߘࠇࠍ⹜ߺࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ㥘ߪ৻

඘߽޿ߥ߆ߞߚߩߢޔߎߩ⸘↹ߪᄬᢌߦᏫ

ߒ߹ߒߚޕ

ޟᢎ⸠ޠ

ᦨ߽ാᢓߥ⹤⠪߇ޔᔅߕߒ߽ᦨ߽உᄢߥ ⴕὑ⠪ߣ޿߁ࠊߌߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎޕ

࡟ࠬ࠻࡟ࡦࠫ ޡࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޢߦ඘ᢜߔ ࠆ㊂ߩኚ⹤ࠍ฽ߺޔ߆ߟ࿶ୟ⊛ߥᚑഞࠍ෼߼ߚޔ

1668

ᐕೀⴕߩࠫࡖࡦ࡮࠼࡮࡜࡮

ࡈࠜࡦ࠹࡯࠿

㧔Jean

de La Fontaine, 1621-1695

㧕ߩޡኚ⹤⹞ޢ㧔

Fables choisies mises en vers㧕ߦ߽ޔߎࠇ߹ߢ⷗ߚ‛⺆

ߣߪ⿰߇⇣ߥࠆ߇ޔ ޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠ߇฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ 㧔Ꮞߩ㧞ޔ㧞㧕ޕ

ࡠ࠺ࠖ࡜࡞࠼࠘ࠬߣ޿߁ฬߩࡀࠦ߇

ࡀ࠭ࡒߚߜࠍߐࠎߑࠎߦ߿ߞߟߌߡޔ

߶ߣࠎߤߘߩᆫࠍ⷗߆ߌߥߊߥࠆ߹ߢߦ ߆ࠇࠄࠍჄߩߥ߆߳ㅍࠅߎࠎߛޕ

ࠊߕ߆ߦᱷߞߚ⠪ߤ߽߽ޔⓣ߆ࠄ಴ߡ޿ߊ

ാ᳇߇ߥߊޔ

ߚߞ߲ࠅ㘩߃ߚߎࠈߩ྾ಽߩ৻ߒ߆㘩ߴ

߽ߩ߇ߺߟ߆ࠄߥ߆ߞߚޕ

ߘߒߡࡠ࠺ࠖ࡜࡯࡞ߪޔߎߩߺߓ߼ߥ⒳ᣖ ߩ޽޿ߛߢޔ

ࡀࠦߢߪߥߊޔᖡ㝷ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚޕ

ߐߡޔ޽ࠆߣ߈ޔߘߩߪࠅ߈ࠅࡀࠦ߇

㜞޿ߣߎࠈޔ㆙޿ߣߎࠈ߳ᆄࠍߚߕߨߡⴕ

߈ޔ

ᅏᣇߣੂ∻᳇㛍߉ࠍ߿ߞߡ޿ࠆ޽޿ߛߦޔ ᱷߞߚࡀ࠭ࡒߚߜߪޔߤߎ߆ߩ 㓈ߢળ⼏

ࠍ߭ࠄ߈ޔ

⋡ਅߩ✕ᕆ੐㗄ߦߟ޿ߡද⼏ߒߚޕ ౨㗡ߦޔ⼏㐳ߪޔᕁᘦߦን߻߅ᣇߛߞߚ߇ޔ

ࡠ࠺ࠖ࡜࡯࡞ߩ㗪ߦ㋈ࠍߟߌߨ߫ߥࠄߧޔ ߘࠇ߽ߥࠆߴߊᣧᕆߦޔߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗ࠍㅀߴ ߚޕ

ߘ߁ߔࠇ߫ޔᚢ੎ࠍߒ߆ߌߡߊࠆߣ߈ޔ

߿ߞߡߊࠆߩ߇ߔߋߦࠊ߆ߞߡޔᐥਅߦ߽

ߋࠇࠆޔ

ࠊߒߪߎߩᣇᴺߒ߆⠨߃ࠄࠇߧޔߣޕ

৻หޔ⼏㐳ߩᗧ⷗ߦ⾥ᚑߛߞߚޕ

ߘࠇએ਄ലᨐ⊛ߥߎߣߪߥ޿ߣߛࠇߦ߽

⠨߃ࠄࠇߚޕ

࿎㔍ߪ㋈ࠍߟߌࠆߎߣߦ޽ߞߚޕ

߭ߣࠅߪ⸒ߞߚޕޟࠊߚߒߪⴕ߆ߥ޿ޕࠊ ߚߒߪߘࠎߥ߫߆ߢߪߥ޿ޕޠ

߽߁߭ߣࠅߪޔޟࠊߚߒߦߪߢ߈ߘ߁߽ߥ

޿ޕޠߘࠎߥߎߣߢޔߥߔߎߣ߽ߥߊޔ ળ⼏ߪᢔળޕߎࠇߣห᭽߻ߛߦ⚳ࠊߞߚ ળ⼏ࠍޔ⑳ߪ޿ߊࠄ߽⷗ߡ޿ࠆޕ

ࡀ࠭ࡒߩߢߪߥ޿ޔୃ㆏჻ߚߜߩળ⼏ޔ

ߐࠄߦޔᢎળෳ੐ળ⼏ߛޕ

⺰⼏ߔࠆߛߌߥࠄ

⼏ຬߪᄢ൓޿ࠆޕ

ታⴕ߇໧㗴ߦߥࠆߣ

ߛࠇ߽޿ߥߊߥࠆ

³⁷

ޕ

࡜࡮

ࡈࠜࡦ࠹࡯࠿ߪ⥄↱㑪㆐ߦ⺆ߞߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔ

⚗ࠇ߽ߥߊਅᢝ߈ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆㅺ⹤ߪޟ㥘ߩળ

⼏ޠߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩౖ᜚ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ޔᓥ᧪߆ࠄޔ ࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߩޡ⊖⹤㓸ޢ㧔

Hecatomythium

㧕߇ ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ

³⁸

ޕ

㧠 ࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߣޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޠ

࡜࠹ࡦฬ࡜࠙࡟ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠙ࠬ࡮ࠕࡊࠬ࠹ࡒ࠙ࠬ

㧔Laurentius Abstemius㧕ޔࠗ࠲࡝ࠕฬࡠ࡟ࡦ࠷

ࠜ࡮ࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝ㧔Lorenzo Astemio㧕ߪޔ15਎

♿ᓟඨߩࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߢᵴべߒߚ⟲ዊࡅࡘ࡯ࡑ࠾ࠬ

࠻ߩ৻ੱߢ޽ࠆ

³⁹

ޕᓐߪ

1435

ᐕ߆ࠄ

1440

ᐕߩ 㑆ߦޔࠗ࠲࡝ࠕਛㇱޔ⃻࿷ߪࡑ࡞ࠤᎺߦ૏⟎ߔ ࠆࡑ࠴ࠚ࡜࡯࠲ ࡮

ࡈࠚ࡞࠻࡝࡯ࠕߦ↢߹ࠇޔ1472

ᐕߦߪޔ࠙࡞ࡆ࡯ࡁㄭ㇠ߩ↸ࠞ࠶࡝ߩࠫࡠ࡜

ࡕ࡮࡝ࠕ࡯࡝ࠝߦᦠ⸥ߣߒߡ㓹↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

ߔߢߦᢥᴺኅߣߒߡ⹏್ࠍᓧߡ޿ߚࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠅޔ

ᒰ࿾ߢߪޔ޿ߊߟ߆ߩᦠ‛ߩ✬㓸࡮಴ ߦ៤ࠊ

ߞߚޕߎߩ઀੐߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߡޔ

1476

ᐕߦߪ࠙࡞

ࡆ࡯ࡁߦ⒖૑ߒޔࠣࠗ࠼ࡃ࡞࠼࡮࠳࡮ࡕࡦ࠹ࡈ ࠚ࡞࠻ࡠߩ߽ߣߢ࿑ᦠ㙚㐳ߦ࿾૏ߦߟ޿ߚޕߐ

ࠄߦ

1490

ᐕߦߪޔ࡝ࡒ࠾߆ࠄޔࡑ࡜࠹ࠬ࠲ኅߩ ࡄࡦ࠼࡞ࡈࠜߣࠞ࡞ࡠߩኅᐸᢎᏧߣߒߡ๭߫ࠇ ߚޕ

ࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߪ࠙࡞ࡆ࡯ࡁᤨઍ߆ࠄޔ਎⇇ਛ ߩోㇺᏒߦߟ޿ߡߩᱧผ⊛࡮࿾ℂ⊛੐ౖࠍᦠ߈

⛯ߌ㧔⨲Ⓜ߇ࡧࠔ࠹ࠖࠞࡦߩ࠙࡞ࡆ࡯ࡁᚻⓂߦ

฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧕ޔ߹ߚޔኻ⹤૕ߢޔࠝ࠙ࠖ࠺ࠖ࠙

ࠬߩޡࠗ࡯ࡆࠬޢߦᵈ㉼ࠍᣉߒߚዊ૞ຠޡ޿ߊ ߟ߆ߩਇ᣿⍎ߥ▎ᚲߦߟ޿ߡߩੑᦠޢ 㧔Libri duo

de quibusdam locis obscuris

㧕ࠍၫ╩ߒߚ㧔ࡧࠚࡀ

࠷ࠖࠕߢ1494

ᐕߦೀⴕ㧕ޕߒ߆ߒޔᓐ߇ߣࠅࠊ ߌᗧࠍᵈ޿ߛߩ߇ޔࠗ࠰࠶ࡊ㘑ኚ⹤㓸ߩ૞ᚑߢ

޽ߞߚޕߩߜߦޡ⊖⹤㓸ޢߣ๭߫ࠇࠆߎߣߦߥ ࠆޔࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߩኚ⹤㓸ߩ╙৻㓸ߪޔࡠ࡟ࡦ

࠷ࠜ࡮ࡧࠔ࠶࡜ߩޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޠ㧔30

⹤㧕 ߩ࡜࠹ࡦ⺆⸶ߣߣ߽ߦޔ

1495

ᐕߦࡧࠚࡀ࠷ࠖࠕ ߢᰴߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢೀⴕߐࠇߚޕ

Fabulae ex graeco in latinum per Laurentium Valla virum clarissimum versae. Fabulae ex graeco in latinum per Laurentium Abstemium virum clarissimum versae⁴⁰.

㜞ฬߥੱ჻࡜࠙࡟ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠙ࠬ㨇ࡠ࡟ࡦ࠷

ࠜ㨉

࡮ࡧࠔ࠶࡜ߦࠃߞߡࠡ࡝ࠪࠕ⺆߆ࠄ࡜

࠹ࡦ⺆ߦ⸶ߐࠇߚኚ⹤⹞ޕ㜞ฬߥੱ჻࡜࠙

㧙㧙

࡟ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠙ࠬ࡮ࠕࡊࠬ࠹ࡒ࠙ࠬ㨇ࡠ࡟ࡦ࠷

ࠜ࡮ࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝ㨉ߦࠃߞߡࠡ࡝ࠪࠕ⺆߆

ࠄ࡜࠹ࡦ⺆ߦ⸶ߐࠇߚኚ⹤⹞

ࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝ߇ߎߎߢޔ⥄ࠄ߇ޟࠡ࡝ࠪࠕ⺆

߆ࠄ࡜࠹ࡦ⺆߳⸶ߒߚޠߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆߩߪᱜ⏕

ߢߪߥ޿ޕᓐߩฬߩ߽ߣߦ㓸߼ࠄࠇߚኚ⹤ߪޔ

޿ߊߟ߆߇ਛ਎ߩḮᴰ߳ߣ㆚ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ ߪ޿߃ޔ߶ߣࠎߤߩ૞ຠߪޔࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝ⥄り ߦࠃߞߡ⠨᩺ߐࠇޔ

ၫ╩ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߥߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ታ㓙ޔ1499

ᐕߦࡧࠚࡀ࠷ࠖࠕߢౣ ߐࠇߚ㓙ߦ ߪޔ ޟ࡜࠹ࡦ⺆ߦ⑲ߢߚੱ჻ࡠ࡟ࡦ࠷ࠜ ࡮ࠕࠬ࠹

࡯

ࡒࠝߦࠃߞߡޔᣂ

ߚߦ૞ᚑ ߐࠇߚኚ⹤ޠ 㧔

Fabulae per latinissimum virum Laurentium Abstemium nuper compositae㧕⁴¹

ߣ㗴ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ ࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߪޔࠝ࠶࠲ࡧࠖࠕ࡯ࡁ࡮࠙ࡃ࡞

࠺ࠖ࡯ࡁተߩᐨᢥߦ߅޿ߡߪޔ⥄ࠄߩኚ⹤ⷰࠍ

ᛲἉߒߡ޿ࠆޕᓐߪ߹ߕޔ⥄ࠄߩኚ⹤㓸߇ኻ⽎

ߣߒߡ⺒⠪߇ޔቇ⼂޽ࠆੱ‛㧔docti㧕ߢ޽ࠅޔ

㜞ㆳߥੱ჻㧔calri viri

㧕ߢ޽ࠆߣㅀߴࠆޕߎ߁ߒ ߚੱޘߦߎߘޔ␞௾૞ᴺߩ⻉ⷙೣ߇⺖ߖࠄࠇߡ

޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠅޔኚ⹤㧔

apologi

㧕ߪޔή⍮ߩߚ߼

ߦ㒱ࠅ߇ߜߥਇ૞ᴺ߆ࠄੱޘࠍ㆙ߑߌࠆޕߚߛ ߒኚ⹤߇ࡕ࡜࡞ࠍ⺑ߊߣ޿ߞߡ߽ޔߘߎߦߪ⺒

⠪ߩ♖␹ࠍㆡᐲߦᭉߒ߹ߖࠆޟ༑߮ޠ㧔joci㧕߇ ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ޕߘߒߡኚ⹤ߪޔ޽ࠆ㛳ߊߴ ߈ޟᔟޠ㧔voluptas㧕ߦࠃߞߡޔ⾆ߊ᦭⋉ߥ੐ᨩ

߳ߣࠊࠇࠊࠇߩ㝬ࠍዉߊߩߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔߘࠇߪޔ ޟືቇ⠪ߚߜ߇ᓐࠄߩⷙ▸ߦࠃߞߡ⺃߁ޠࠃࠅ

߽ߪࠆ߆ߦലᨐ⊛ߥߩߢ޽ࠆ

⁴²

ޕᓐߦࠃࠇ߫ޔ ኚ⹤ߪޔᢎ⸠ࠍή๧ੇ῎ߥ⸒⺑ߦࠃߞߡ⋥ធ⊛

ߦ⺆ࠆઍࠊࠅߦޔേ‛ߩⴕേ߆ࠄᒁ߈಴ߐࠇߚޔ ᭉߒ޿‛⺆ࠍㅢߒߡޔ㑆ធ⊛ߦ⺒⠪ߩ♖␹ߦⴕ ߈ᷰࠄߖࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕౕ૕⊛ߦࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝ߇

ഃ᩺ߒߚኚ⹤ߩ৻ߟߪޔએਅߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢ޽

ࠆޕ

De Mure in cista nato. Fabula 1.

Mus in cista natus, omnem fere ibi duxerat aetatem, nucibus patus, quae in ea servari solebant. Dum autem circa oras cistae ludens dedicisset, quaereretque ascensum, reperit epulas lutissime paratas, quas quum gustare caepisset, quam stultus inquit hactenus fui, qui in toto terrarum orbe nihil melius cistula mea esse credebam. Ecce quam suavioribus hic vescor cibis. Haec fabula indicat, non ita patriam diligendam, si ignobilis sit, ut alia non adeamus loca, quam alibi beatiores esse possumus.

ኚ⹤㧝 ▫ߩਛߢ↢߹ࠇߚ㥘ߦߟ޿ߡ ▫ߩਛߢ↢߹ࠇߚ㥘ߪޔ߶ߣࠎߤߔߴߡ ߩᤨ㑆ࠍߘߎߢㆊߏߒޔߘߎߦ޿ߟ߽ଏߐ ࠇࠆࠢ࡞ࡒࠍ㘩ߴߡ޿ߚޕ޽ࠆߣ߈ޔ▫ߩ

✼ߢㆆࠎߢ޿ߡਅߦ⪭ߜޔ਄ߦ⊓ࠈ߁ߣߒ ߡ޿ߚߣߎࠈޔ⽕⪇ߥᢱℂࠍ⷗ߟߌޔߘࠇ ࠍ㘩ߴᆎ߼ߚޕߘߒߡ⸒ߞߚޕ ޟߎࠇ߹ߢޔ ߎߩ਎⇇ߢޔ⑳ߩዊ▫ࠃࠅ߽⚛ᢜߥ߽ߩߪ ߥ޿ߣାߓߡ޿ߚߣߪޔ૗ߣᗱ߆ߛߞߚߎ ߣ߆ޕߎߎߢߪޔߎࠎߥߦ⟤๧ߒ޿߽ߩࠍ

㘩ߴࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߦޠޕߎߩኚ⹤ߪޔ

ࠊࠇࠊࠇߪޔઁߩ࿯࿾ߢࠃࠅᐘߖߦߥࠇࠆ ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ߩߦޔή⍮ߩ߹߹ߢޔઁߩ႐

ᚲߦ⿷ࠍ〯ߺ౉ࠇߥ޿߶ߤߦ␲࿖ߦၫ⌕

ߒߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ޔߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍᢎ߃ߡ޿ࠆޕ

ࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝ߇⥄ࠄߩኚ⹤㓸ࠍޔࡠ࡟ࡦ࠷

ࠜ࡮ࡧࠔ࠶࡜ߩޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޠߩ࡜࠹ࡦ⺆

⸶ߣߣ߽ߦೀⴕߒߚߩߪޔᒰᤨߩࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤

㓸ߩඳߒߡ޿ߚੱ᳇ߣޔࡧࠔ࠶࡜ߩࡅࡘ࡯ࡑ࠾

ࠬ࠻ߣߒߡߩ࿶ୟ⊛ߥฬჿࠍ೑↪ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚ ߣ⠨߃ߡ߽⺋ࠅߢߪߥ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

࡞ࡀࠨࡦࠬᦼߦ߅ߌࠆࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ߩ✬➏

ߣᵹᏓߦߟ޿ߡߪޔኻ⽎ߣߔߴ߈૞ຠ߇߈ࠊ߼

ߡᄙᢙሽ࿷ߒޔ߹ߚޔߘࠇࠄߩ᭴ᚑߣౝኈ߽ⶄ 㔀ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼ߦᧄⓂߢߪ⺰෸ߒ߃ߥ޿߇ޔ

15਎

♿ߩࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߩ⁁ᴫߦߟ޿ߡߛߌ⍊⷗ߒߡ߅߈

ߚ޿

⁴³

ޕࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ߪਛ਎࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߦ߅

޿ߡ߽ޔࡠࡓ࡞ࠬ㓸ޔࠕ࠙ࠖࠕ࠿ࠬ㓸ޔ ޟᢎ⸠ 

ࠗ࠰࠶ࡊޠ㧔Aesopus moralisatus㧕ߥߤߩ࡜࠹ࡦ

⺆૞ຠࠍㅢߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ߇ޔ

15਎♿ߦ౉ߞ

ߡࠡ࡝ࠪࠕ⺆ේౖ߇ࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߦવ߃ࠄࠇࠆߣޔ

ࡅࡘ࡯ࡑ࠾ࠬ࠻ߚߜ߇ߎߙߞߡ⠡⸶ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎ

ߛޕ߹ߕࠣࠕ࡝࡯ࡁ࡮࠳࡮ࡧࠚࡠ࡯࠽㧔Guarino

da Verona

㧕߇

1422

ᐕ㗃ߦ

28▻ࠍޔ⛯޿ߡࠛ࡞

ࡕ࡜ࠝ࡮ࡃ࡞ࡃࡠ㧔Ermolao Barbaro㧕߇ 1422

ᐕߦ

33 ▻ࠍޔࠝ࠾

ࡌ࡯ࡀ ࡮࠳ ࡮ࡠ࠾ ࡯ࠧ

㧔Ognibene da Lonigo㧕߇

1430

ᐕ㗃ߦ

124▻ࠍޔ

ࡠ࡟ࡦ࠷ࠜ࡮ࡧࠔ࠶࡜߇

1438

ᐕ㗃ߦ

33▻ࠍޔ

ߘߒߡ࡝࠿ ࠶࠴࡚࡮࠳࡮ࠞࠬ࠹ࠖ࡝ࠝ࡯ࡀ 㧔Rinuccio da Castiglione㧕̆̆࡟ࡒࠠ࠙ࠬޔ߹

ߚߪ࡟࠿࠹ࠖ࠙ࠬߣ߽๭߫ࠇࠆ̆̆߇

1440

ᐕ ߦޔ ޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊવޠߣߣ߽ߦ

100▻ࠍޔߘࠇߙࠇ

⸶಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ

⁴⁴

ޕ

ߎࠇࠄߩ࡜࠹ࡦ⺆⸶ߩਛߢ߽ޔශ೚ᧄߦࠃߞ ߡࠃߊ⺒߹ࠇߚߩߪޔ࡝࠿࠶࠴࡚࡮࠳࡮ࠞࠬ࠹

ࠖ࡝ࠝ࡯ࡀߣߣ߽ߦޔࡠ࡟ࡦ࠷ࠜ࡮ࡧࠔ࠶࡜ߦ

ࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕᦨೋߩ࡜࠹ࡦ⺆ ߇

1473-74

ᐕ㗃ߦޔ߅ߘࠄߊߪࡧࠔ࡟ࡦࠪࠕߢೀⴕߐࠇߡ

એ᧪⁴⁵

ޔ15

਎♿ਛߦ14

ߩ ࠍᢙ߃ޔ಴ ࿾߽

࠺࡯ࡧࠚࡦ࠹࡞㧔ࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳㧕ޔ

ࠨ࡜ࡑࡦࠞޔࡄࡦ ࡊࡠ࠽㧔ࠬࡍࠗࡦ㧕ޔ࠭࠙ࠜ࡟㧔ࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳㧕ޔࡧ

ࠔ࡟ࡦࠪࠕޔ࡟࡝࠳

㧔ࠬࡍࠗࡦ㧕ޔ ࠽ࡐ࡝ޔࠕࡦ

࠻࠙ࠚ࡞ࡍࡦޔࡧࠚࡀ࠷ࠖࠕߣޔ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄਛ ߦ᜛߇ߞߡ޿ߚ

⁴⁶

ޕ߹ߚޔࡐ࠶࡚ࠫ࡮ࡉ࡜࠶࠴

࡚࡝࡯࠾ߩޡ╉⹤㓸ޢ㧔Facetiae㧕߅ࠃ߮ࡈ࡜ࡦ

࠴ࠚࠬࠦ࡮ࡍ࠻࡜࡞ࠞߩޡ⪺ฬੱߩᯏ⍮ߣഃᗧ

ߦߟ޿ߡޢ㧔De salibus virorum illustrium ac

facetiis㧕ߣวᧄߐࠇޔࡄ࡝ߥߤߢ⸘㧟 ߇౏ೀ

ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

⁴⁷

ޕ

ࡧࠔ࠶࡜ߦࠃࠆޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޠߦߟ޿ߡ

߽ޔᦨೋߩ㧝⹤ࠍ⚫੺ߒߡ߅߈ߚ޿ޕ

1 De vulpe et capro.

Vulpes et caper sitibundi in puteum quendam descenderunt, in quo cum perbibissent, circumspicienti reditum capro vulpes ait:

“Bono animo esto, caper, excogitavi namque quo pacto uterque reduces simus. Si quidem tu eriges te rectum, primoribus pedibus ad parietem admotis, cornuaque, addcto ad pectus mento, reclinabis, [et] ego per terga cornuaque tua transiliens et extra puteum evadens, te istinc educam.” Cuius consilio fidem habente capro atque, ut illa iubebat, obtemperante, ipsa e puteo prosiliit, ac deinde prae gaudio in margine putei gestiebat exultabatque, nihil de capro curae habens. Ceterum cum ab hirco ut foedifraga incusaretur respondit: “Enimvero, hirce, si tantum tibi esset sensus in mente quantum est setarum in mento, non prius in puteum descendisses quam de reditu exploratum habuisses.” Hanc fibula innuit virum prudentem debere finem explorare antequam ad rem agendam veniat⁴⁸.

㧝 ⁍ߣጊ⟠

༄߇ᷢ޿ߚ⁍ߣጊ⟠߇੗ᚭߩਛ߳㒠ࠅߡ ⴕ߈߹ߒߚޕߘߎߢ᳓ࠍ㘶ߺ⚳ࠊࠅޔᏫࠅ

㆏ࠍតߒߡ޿ࠆጊ⟠ߦะ߆ߞߡޔ⁤ߪߎ߁

⸒޿߹ߒߚޕޟ቟ᔃߒߥߐ޿ޔጊ⟠ߐࠎޕ ߤ߁ߒߚࠄޔࠊࠇࠊࠇਔᣇߣ߽Ꮻࠆߎߣ߇ ߢ߈ࠆ߆ߪ⠨߃ߡ޽ࠅ߹ߔ߆ࠄޕ޽ߥߚ߇

⌀ߞ⋥ߋߦ┙ߞߡޔ೨ߩਔ⣉ࠍოߦ᛼ߒߟ ߌޔ㗶ࠍ⢷ߩᣇߦᒁ޿ߡޔੑߟߩⷺࠍოߦ ߟߌࠆߥࠄ߫ޔ⑳߇޽ߥߚߩ⢛ਛߣⷺࠍߟ ߚߞߡޔ੗ᚭߩᄖߦ಴ߡޔߘࠇ߆ࠄ޽ߥߚ ࠍᒁ߈޽ߍ߹ߒࠂ߁ޠޕጊ⟠ߪߎߩឭ᩺ࠍ

ା↪ߒߡޔ⁤ߩ๮ߓߚࠃ߁ߦⴕ߁ߣޔ⁤ߪ

㧙㧙

੗ᚭ߆ࠄ㘧߮಴ߡޔᄢ༑߮ߢޔ੗ᚭߩ๟ࠅ ࠍ㘧߮〡ߨ߹ߒߚ߇ޔጊ⟠ߩߎߣߪ৻ಾ߆

߹޿߹ߖࠎޕߘߒߡޔጊ⟠߆ࠄޔ⚂᧤㆑෻

ࠍ⽿߼ࠄࠇࠆߣޔߎ߁╵߃߹ߒߚޕ ޟߐߡޔ

ጊ⟠ߐࠎࠃޕ߽ߒ߅೨ߦޔ㗶ߦ↢߃ࠆ㜯߶

ߤߩ⍮ᕺ߇޽ߞߚߥࠄ߫ޔ੗ᚭߦ㒠ࠅࠆ೨ ߦޔߘߎ߆ࠄᚯࠆߎߣࠍ⠨߃ߚߛࠈ߁ߦޠޕ ߎߩኚ⹤ߪޔ⾫޿⠪ߥࠄ߫ޔⴕേߦ⒖ߔ೨ ߦ⚿ᨐߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ߡ߅߆ߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ޔ ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍᢎ߃ߡ޿߹ߔޕ

ߎߩ‛⺆ߪޔࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤ߩਛߢ߽᦭ฬߥ߽

ߩߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠅޔࠡ࡝ࠪࠕ⺆ߢᱷߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ౮ ᧄߩ߶ߣࠎߤߦ⷗޿ߛߐࠇ

⁴⁹

ޔ߹ߚޔࡄࠛ࠼࡞

ࠬ㧔೨

15

ᐕ㗃㨪ᓟ

50

ᐕ㗃㧕ߩޡࠗ࠰࠶ࡊ㘑ኚ

⹤㓸ޢ

⁵⁰

߿ޔ♿రᓟ㧝਎♿㗃ߦᚑ┙ߒߚࡃࡉ࡝

ࠝࠬߩޡࠗ࠰࠶ࡊ㘑ኚ⹤㓸ޢᢔᢥࡄ࡜ࡈ࡟࡯࠭

51

ߦ߽෼߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ

⁵²

ޕࡧࠔ࠶࡜⸶ߩޟࠗ࠰

࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޠߪޔߘߩᓟޔࡂࠗࡦ࡝ࡅ࡮ࠪࡘ࠲

ࠗࡦࡋ࡯ࡧࠚ࡞㧔

Heinrich Steinhovel, 1412-1479

㧕 ߇✬➏ߒޔ1476 ᐕ߽ߒߊߪ

77

ᐕߦ࠙࡞ࡓߢೀ

ⴕߐࠇߚᶈἇߥኚ⹤㓸ᚑޡࠗ࠰࠶ࡊޢ㧔

Esopus

㧕

53

߇ ࠍ㊀ߨߡ߆ࠄ߽ޔߐ߹ߑ߹ߥࠗ࠰࠶ࡊ㘑 ኚ⹤㓸ᚑߦ෼߼ࠄࠇߡੱ᳇ࠍඳߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ

54

ޕ

ࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߩࡅࡘ࡯ࡑ࠾ࠬ࠻ߪ߹ߚޔ⥄ࠄኚ⹤

ߩ⠡᩺߿૞ᚑࠍ⹜ߺߡ߅ࠅޔࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝએ೨ ߦ߽޿ߊߟ߆ߩኚ⹤㓸߇✬➏ߐࠇߚޕᦨೋᦼߩ

૞ኅߣߒߡߪࠣ࡟ࠧ࡝ࠝ࡮ࠦ࠶࡟࡯࡞㧔

Gregorio

Correr㧕߇᜼ߍࠄࠇޔᓐ߇1429

ᐕ㗃ߦ✬ࠎߛ

60

߶ߤ߆ࠄߥࠆኚ⹤㓸ߦߪޔࠝ࠾ࡌ࡯ࡀߩ⠡⸶ߣޔ

⥄ࠄ߇ᚻࠍ౉ࠇߚਛ਎ߩኚ⹤߇฽߹ࠇߡ޿ߚ⁵⁵

ޕ

ઁᣇޔ࡟ࠝ࠽࡞࠼࡮࠳࡯࠹ࠖ㧔

Leonardo Dati

㧕 ߪޔ1430 ᐕ㗃ߦ

40

⹤߆ࠄߥࠆኚ⹤㓸ࠍ

⁵⁶

ޔ߹

ߚޔࡈ࡜ࡦ࠴ࠚࠬࠦ࡮ࡈࠖ࡟࡞ࡈࠜ㧔Francesco

Filelfo㧕߽15਎♿ਛ⪲ߦޡ32

ߩኚ⹤ޢࠍ૞ᚑߒ

ߚ㧔ೀⴕߪ

1480

ᐕ㧕ޕ࡟ࠝࡦ࡮ࡃ࠶࠹ࠖࠬ࠲࡮

ࠕ࡞ࡌ࡞࠹ࠖ㧔Leon Battista Alberti㧕ߪޔ1437 ᐕߦޡ⊖ߩኚ⹤ޢ㧔

Centum apologi

㧕ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ ߇

⁵⁷

ޔߘࠇࠍ▸ߣߒߡޔࡃ࡞࠻ࡠࡔࠝ࡮ࠬࠞ࡯

࡜㧔Bartolomeo Scala㧕ߪޔ㧞⒳㘃ߩኚ⹤㓸ࠍޔ ߔߥࠊߜޡ⊖ߩኚ⹤ޢ㧔Apologi centum, 1481㧕ޔ ޡ ╙ ੑ ኚ ⹤ 㓸 ޢ㧔

Apologorum liber secundus,

1488-92

㧕ࠍೀⴕߒߚޕ᣿ࠄ߆ߦࠕࡊ࠹ࡒ࠙ࠬߪޔ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᢥቇ⊛⿲൓ߦᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߡޔޡ⊖⹤

㓸ޢࠍ૞ᚑߒߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕߘߒߡޔᓐ߽ࠬࠞ

࡯࡜ߩࠃ߁ߦޔ ޡ⊖⹤㓸ޢߩ╙ੑ㓸ࠍ✬ࠎߢޔ

೎

ߩ㧞૞ຠߣߣ߽ߦ

1505

ᐕߦࡈࠔ࡯࠾ߢޔ

એਅߩ

࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߢೀⴕߒߚޕ

Granii Corococtae Porcelli testamentum.

Laurentii Abstemiii Maceratensis Hecatomythium secundam. Eiusdem libellis De verbis communibus. Fani, 1505.

ࠣ࡜࠾࠙ࠬ࡮ࠦࡠࠦ࠲࡮ࡐ࡞ࠤ࠶࡞ࠬߩ ㆮ⸒ᦠޕࡑ࠴ࠚ࡜࡯࠲ੱࡠ࡟ࡦ࠷ࠜ࡮ࠕࠬ

࠹࡯ࡒࠝߩ╙ੑ࡮⊖⹤㓸ޕหੱߦࠃࠆޔၮ

ᧄ⊛⺆ᒵ㓸ޕ

ᦨೋߩ૞ຠߪޔޟࡐ࡞ࠤ࠶࡞ࠬޠ㧔ᢥሼㅢࠅߦ ߪሶ⽋㧕ߦࠃࠆޔᧄੱߪޟᚻ߇ᦠߌߥ޿ߩߢޠ ઍᦠߒߡ߽ࠄߞߚޔ㧠਎♿ߦ⪺ߐࠇߚㆮ⸒ᦠߩ ࡄࡠ࠺ࠖߢ޽ࠅޔ ޟၮᧄ⊛⺆ᒵ㓸ޠߪਥߦ࡜࠹ࡦ ᢥᴺࠍቇ߱⠪߇ኻ⽎ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩޡ╙ੑ࡮

⊖⹤㓸ޢߪࡧࠔ࠶࡜ߩฬჿߦ㗬ࠄߥ޿ޔࠕࠬ࠹

࡯ࡒࠝ୘ੱߩ૞ຠߣ⷗ߥߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߇ޔߒ

߫ࠄߊߒߡᄢ߈ߥᚑഞࠍ⷗ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆޕ1520 ᐕߣ

1539

ᐕߦߪࡧࠚࡀ࠷ࠖࠕߢޔᦨೋߩޡ⊖⹤

㓸ޢߣวᧄߢౣ ߐࠇޔߘߩᓟߪࠗ࠲࡝ࠕએᄖ ߩ࿖ޘߢ㒽⛯ߣೀⴕߐࠇߚޕࡄ࡝ߢߪ

1529

ᐕޔ

1535

ᐕޔ1536 ᐕޔ1544 ᐕޔ1545 ᐕޔ࡝࡛ࡦߢ

1537

ᐕޔ1540 ᐕޔࡃ࡯࠯࡞ߢ

1523

ᐕޔࡈ࡜ࡦ

ࠢࡈ࡞࠻ߢ1610

ᐕޔ1660 ᐕޔߣ޿߁ౕวߢ޽

ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ1572 ᐕߦߪࠝ࡞࡟ࠕࡦߢ੽⺆⸶ޡࡠ

࡟ࡦ࠷ࠜ࡮ࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߩ⊖⹤㓸ޔߔߥࠊߜኚ

⹤㓸ޢ㧔

L’Hécatomythium ou les fables de Laurent Abstemius traduit du latin, Orléan: Eloy Gibier㧕߇

಴ ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

⁵⁸

ޕ

㧡 ࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߣޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠ

ઁߩࡅࡘ࡯ࡑ࠾ࠬ࠻ߩኚ⹤㓸ߣห᭽ߦޔࠕࠬ

࠹࡯ࡒࠝߩޡ⊖⹤㓸ޢ߇16਎♿ߩ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄੱ

߆ࠄ᱑ㄫߐࠇߚℂ↱ߪޔࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ߩᧄ᧪

ߩ․ᓽߢ޽ࠆޔ

ਥߦേ‛ߩ㧔ߒ߫ߒ߫ᗐ௝਄ߩ㧕

ᕈᩰࠍ〯߹߃ߚ਄ߢߩᢎ⸠ᕈߣ޿߁ࠃࠅ߽ޔ߻

ߒࠈޔᒰᤨߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ㓏ጀߩੱޘߩ⸒ⴕࠍߣ ߈ߦߪᗢᔟߦޔߣ߈ߦߪㄆㄍߦޔߣ߈ߦߪ⁻㔀 ߦឬ޿ߚߎߣߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕޡ⊖⹤㓸ޢ ߪޔ

13਎♿ᧃߦࡈࠖ࡟ࡦ࠷ࠚߢᚑ┙ߒߚޔ૞⠪

ਇ⹦ߩޡࡁࡧࠚ࠶࡝࡯ࡁޢ㧔Novellino㧕ߦ┵ࠍ⊒

ߒޔ࡚ࠫࡧࠔࡦ࠾࡮ࡏ࠶ࠞ࠶࠴࡚㧔

Giovanni Boccaccio, 1313-1375

㧕 ߩ ޡ

࠺

ࠞ ࡔ ࡠ ࡦ ޢ 㧔

Decameron, 1353

㧕ޔࡈ࡜ࡦࠦ࡮ࠨ࠶ࠤ࠶࠹ࠖ

㧔Franco Sachetti, c.1330-c.1400㧕ߩޡਃ⊖ߩࡁࡧ

ࠚ࠶࡜ޢ㧔Trecento novelle, 1395

㧕ߣ⛯߈ޔ

15਎

♿ߩࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߢ⊒ዷߒߚޔᢥቇผ਄ߩ৻ࠫࡖࡦ

࡞ޟࡁࡧࠚ࠶࡜ޠߦዻߔࠆ૞ຠߥߩߢ߽޽ࠆ

⁵⁹

ޕ ࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߩߎߩࠃ߁ߥ஥㕙ࠍ␜ߔኚ⹤ߣߒ ߡޔޡ╙ੑ࡮

⊖⹤㓸ޢ߆ࠄޔᰴߩ৻⹤ࠍ᜼ߍࠆߎ

ߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ

De milite timente includi in oppido obsidendo ob auxilia a longe ventura.

Miles quidam prudens, invitatus a commilitonibus suis ut cuidam Italiae oppido, quod ad regem Gallorum defecerat, una cum eis vellet esse praesidio:

㧙

Si proprius

㧙

inquit

㧙

loci dominus oppidum obsidebit, quis nobis suppeditabit auxilium?

㧙

Tunc illi:

㧙

Rex

㧙

inquiunt

㧙

Gallorum.

㧙

Miles,

tumulum quendam conscendens:

㧙

O rex Gallorum!

㧙

ter alta voce clamavit.

Quoniam autem nullum sibi redderetur responsum, conversus ad invitantes:

㧙

Nolo

㧙

inquit

㧙

illuc accedere, ubi qui mihi suppetias daturus est, auxilium implorantem non audiat.

㧙

Coeteri, qui illuc accesserunt, a proprio oppidi domino obsessi, expugnato oppido, capti et iugulati sunt.

Fabula indicat stultos et amentes esse, qui sese periculis imprudenter obiiciunt⁶⁰.

භ㗔ߐࠇߚ↸ߢޔេഥࠍ㐳ࠄߊᓙߜߥ߇

ࠄޔ㐽ߓㄟ߼ࠄࠇࠆߩࠍᕟࠇࠆ౓჻ߦߟ޿

ߡޕ

޽ࠆ⾫޿౓჻߇ޔખ㑆ߩ౓჻ߚߜ߆ࠄޔ

ࠟ࠶࡝ࠕੱߩ₺ߦ෻ᣛࠍ⠡ߒߚޔ޽ࠆࠗ࠲

࡝ࠕߩ↸ࠍ৻✜ߦ㒐ⴡߦⴕ߆ߥ޿߆ߣ⺃

ࠊࠇߚߣ߈ޔᓐࠄߦኻߒߡޔޟߘߩ࿯࿾ߩ ᡰ㈩⠪߇↸ࠍ೙࿶ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߣ߈ ߦޔ⺕߇ࠊࠇࠊࠇߦេഥߩᚻࠍᏅߒߩߴߡ ߊࠇࠆߩ߆ޠߣ⸒ߞߚޕߘߎߢᓐࠄߪޔ ޟࠟ

࠶࡝ࠕੱߩ₺ߢߔޠߣ⸒ߞߚޕߘߩ౓჻ߪ ዊጊߦ⊓ߞߡޔޟ߅߅ޔࠟ࠶࡝ࠕੱߩ₺᭽

ࠃޠߣޔߣࠅࠊߌᄢ߈ߥჿߢตࠎߛޕ૗߽

㄰੐߇ߥ߆ߞߚߩߢޔᓐߪ⺃ߞߡߊࠇߚ⠪

ߚߜߩᣇࠍะ޿ߡ⸒ߞߚޕޟ⑳ߪ㆙ᘦߒߡ ߅ߎ߁ޕߣ޿߁ߩ߽ޔ⑳ࠍഥߌߡߊߛߐࠆ ᓮᣇ߇ޔេഥࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆߣߪ⚊ᓧߒ߆ߨ ࠆߩߢߨޠޕߘߩ↸ߦߪߖෳߓߚޔઁߩ⠪

ߚߜߪޔ߹ߐߦ↸ߩᡰ㈩⠪ߦࠃߞߡ࿶ㄼߐ ࠇޔ↸߇೙࿶ߐࠇࠆߣޔ᝝ࠄࠊࠇޔᲕߐࠇ ߚޕ

ߎߩኚ⹤ߪޔᗱ߆ߢ㑆ᛮߌߥ⠪ߣߪޔ⥄

ಽ⥄りࠍಽ೎ߥߊෂ㒾ߦߐࠄߔ⠪ߢ޽ࠆ

ߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

ߎߩࠃ߁ߥࡁࡧࠚ࠶࡜߇ޔᧄ᧪ߩࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ

㧙㧙

⹤㓸ߣ૬ሽߒ߃ߚߎߣߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ࡞ࡀࠨࡦࠬ

ߦ߅ߌࠆࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ߩฃኈߣޔ਄ㅀߒߚࡅ

ࡘ࡯ࡑ࠾ࠬ࠻ߦࠃࠆᣂߒ޿ኚ⹤㓸ߩ᩺಴ࠍ⠨߃

ࠇ߫ޔචಽߦℂ⸃ߒ߁ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕߚߣ߃߫ޔ

ࡧࠔ࠶࡜ߣਗ߱Ꮧઍߩࡅࡘ࡯ࡑ࠾ࠬ࠻ޔࡐ࠶ࠫ

࡚ ࡮ ࡉ ࡜࠶࠴ ࡚ ࡝ ࡯

࠾

㧔

Poggio Bracciolini, 1380-1459

㧕ߪޔ

1438

ᐕ߆ࠄ

1452

ᐕߦ߆ߌߡޔ ޡ╉⹤㓸ޢ㧔Fecetiae㧕ߣ㗴ߔࠆޔ272 ⹤߆ࠄߥ ࠆ㘑ଶ⼄ ࡮ ⦣╉⼄ߩ㓸ᚑࠍ⪺ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߘߒߡޔ

ࠪࡘ࠲ࠗࡦࡋ࡯ࡧࠚ࡞✬ߩޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޠ

ߦޔߎߩޡ╉⹤㓸ޢ߆ࠄ㧣⹤߇ណ㍳ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ ߩߢ޽ࠆ

⁶¹

ޕߎߩὐࠍ⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇࠆߥࠄ߫ޔࠕ

ࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߩᦨೋߩޡ⊖⹤㓸ޢ߇ޔࡧࠔ࠶࡜ߩ

࡜࠹ࡦ⺆⸶ޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޠࠍ઻ߞߡೀⴕߐ ࠇߚߎߣߪ⇣଀ߥߎߣߣߪ⸒߃ߥ޿ߛࠈ߁ޕߘ ߒߡޔࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߩᱫᓟ㧔1508 ᐕએ೨ߦᱫ෰㧕ޔ ଐὼߣߒߡޡ⊖⹤㓸ޢߣࡧࠔ࠶࡜ߩ࡜࠹ࡦ⺆⸶

ߩวᧄ߇ೀⴕߐࠇࠆ৻ᣇ

⁶²

ޔ㒽⛯ߣ⃻ࠇࠆࠗ࠰

࠶ࡊ㘑ኚ⹤㓸ᚑߩਛߦޡ╙ੑ࡮⊖⹤㓸ޢ߽߹ߚ

෼߼ࠄࠇߚޕ߅ߘࠄߊޔߘߩᦨೋߩ ߪޔ

1513

ᐕߩࡧࠚࡀ࠷ࠖࠕߢೀⴕߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢޔ࠲ࠗ࠻

࡞ߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆޕ

Aesopi Phyrygis fabulae CCVIII a Graeco in Latium conversae. Eiusdem fabulae XXXIII per Laurentium Vallam (...) versae. Laurentii Abstemii Maceratensis Hecatomythium primum, hoc est fabulae centum. Eiusdem Hecatomythium secundum, hoc est fabulae centum. Eiusdem libellus de verbis communibus. Venezia: Johannes Tacuinus, 1513⁶³.

ߔߥࠊߜޔߎߩᦠ‛ߦߪޟࠡ࡝ࠪࠕ߆ࠄ࡜࠹

ࡦ⺆ߦ⠡⸶ߐࠇߚޠࠗ࠰࠶ࡊߩኚ⹤

208▻ޔࡠ

࡟ࡦ࠷ࠜ ࡮

ࡧࠔ࠶࡜⸶ߩኚ⹤32▻ޔࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒ

ࠝߩޡ╙৻࡮⊖⹤㓸ޢߣޡ╙ੑ࡮⊖⹤㓸ޢޔߘߒ

ߡޔࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߦࠃࠆޟၮᧄ⺆ᒵ㓸ޠ߇฽߹

ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕᰴߩ ߪޔ

1519

ᐕߦࡧࠚࡀ࠷ࠖࠕߩ หߓᦠ⡷߆ࠄೀⴕߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔౝኈߦߟ޿ߡ ߪᄢ߈ߥ⇣ห߇⷗޿ߛߐࠇࠆޕ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪએਅ ߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆޕ

Continentur in hoc volumine. Aesopi Pyrgis fabulae CCXIIII e Graeco in Latinum elegantissima oratione conversare. Eiusdem fabulae XXXIII per Laurentiuim Vallam, virum clarissimum, versae. Eiusdem fabulae LXIII a Salone Parmense versu elego latinitate donatae.

Eiusdem fabulae XLII elego quoque versu ab Aviano translatae. Laurentii Abstemii Maceratensis Hecatomythium primum, hoc est centum fabulae. Eiudem Hecatomythium secundum, hoc est centrum fabulae. Eiusdem libellus de verbis communibus⁶⁴.

ߔߥࠊߜޔߎߩᄢㇱߩኚ⹤㓸ᚑߦߪޔ ޟࠡ࡝ࠪ

ࠕ⺆߆ࠄ࡜࠹ࡦ⺆⸶ߐࠇߚޠࠗ࠰࠶ࡊߩኚ⹤

214▻ޔࡠ࡟ࡦ࠷ࠜ࡮ࡧࠔ࠶࡜⸶ߩኚ⹤33▻ޔ

ࠨࡠ࡮ࡄ࡞ࡔࡦࠪࠬ㧔ࠨࡠ࡯ࡀ࡮࠳࡮ࡄ࡞ࡑޔ

㧡㨪㧢਎♿㧕⸶ߩኚ⹤63▻ޔࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߩޡ╙

৻࡮⊖⹤㓸ޢߣޡ╙ੑ࡮⊖⹤㓸ޢޔߘߒߡޔࠕࠬ

࠹࡯ࡒࠝߦࠃࠆޟၮᧄ⺆ᒵ㓸ޠ߇෼߼ࠄࠇߡ޿

ࠆޕ

਄ㅀߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔ࡟ࠬ࠻࡟ࡦࠫߪޔ⥄ࠄߩ✬

➏ߒߚޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޠߦ෼߼ߚޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠ

ߩ‛⺆ߪޔ ޟࠕࡊ࠹ࡒ࠙ࠬ㓸ޠ߆ࠄណߞߚ߽ߩߢ

޽ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿⸒ߒߡ޿ߚޕߘߒߡޔᒰ⹥ߩ‛⺆

ߪޡ╙ੑ࡮⊖⹤㓸ޢߩ⚳ࠊࠅㄭߊߦ⷗޿ߛߐࠇ ࠆޕߎߩ૞ຠࠍ฽ࠎߛࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ᚑߪޔߘ ߩᓟ߽ᢙᄙߊೀⴕߐࠇߚޕ

1519

ᐕ ߪࡧࠚࡀ࠷

ࠖࠕߢ1520ᐕߦౣ ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇⁶⁵

ޕ߹ߚޔ

1522

ᐕߣ

1539

ᐕߩࡧࠚࡀ࠷ࠖࠕ ߪޔޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ

⹤㓸ޠߣࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߩޡ╙৻࡮

⊖⹤㓸ޢߣޡ╙

ੑ࡮⊖⹤㓸ޢࠍ෼߼ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ

⁶⁶

ޕ߹ߚޔ

1535

ᐕ㗃ೀⴕߩ࠴ࡘ࡯࡝ࡅ ߿

1542

ᐕߩ࡝࡛ࡦ  ߪޔࡧࠔ࠶࡜߿ࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߩઁߦޔ޿ߊߟ߽

ߩኚ⹤㓸ࠍ฽ࠎߛᶈἇߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ

⁶⁷

ޕߘߩᓟ

߽ห᭽ߥ ߪೀⴕߐࠇߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߇ޔ߅ߘ ࠄߊ࡟ࠬ࠻࡟ࡦࠫߪޔߘߩ޿ߕࠇ߆߆ࠄណขߒ ߚߩߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ࡜࡮

ࡈࠜࡦ࠹࡯࠿ߩ႐วߪޔ1572

ᐕߩ੽⺆⸶ߦ᜚ߞߚߎߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ

⁶⁸

ޕࠕࠬ

࠹࡯ࡒࠝߦࠃࠆޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠߩౝኈߪએਅߩㅢ

ࠅߢ޽ࠆ㧔ᐩᧄߪ

1519

ᐕ ߦ᜚ࠅޔca.1535 ᐕ  ޔ

1539

ᐕ ޔ

1542

ᐕ ࠍෳᾖߒߚ㧕ޕ

De muribus tintinabulum feli suspendere volentibus. 95 [ed. ca.1535, 1539, 1542: 96]

Mures in unum convenientes, consultabant, quo ingenio, quaue arte felis insidias possent euitare. Tunc qui caeteros et aetate, et rerum usu anteibat, reperi inquit uiam, quae nos a tantis periculis incolumes conseruabit, si mihi parere uolueritis. Suspendamus collo eius tintinabulum, cuius sonitu uenientem aduersus nos felem sentire possimus. Tunc omnes uoce consona sententiam illius ut saluberrimam laudauerunt, atque [ed. ca.1535, 1539, 1542:

itaque]; faciendum esse dixerunt. Surgens autem quidam senior, imperato silentio: Ego quoque, inquit, istam sententiam approbo. Sed quis erit qui collo felis tintinabulum suspenderer audeat? [ed. ca.1535, 1539: “.”]

Quum autem omnes hanc prouinciam subterfugerent, irrita sententia fuit. Fabula indicat, multos quae facienda sunt laudare, sed qui ea facere uelint, paucos reperiri.

95 ₀ߩ㚂ߦ㋈ࠍษߘ߁ߣߔࠆ㥘ߚߜ

ߦߟ޿ߡ

㥘ߚߜ߇৻หߦળߒߡޔ޿߆ߥࠆ⍮ᕺߦ

ࠃߞߡޔ޿߆ߥࠆⴚ╷ߦࠃߞߡޔ₀ߩ⟂ࠍ

ㅏࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߆ࠍ⋧⺣ߒߡ޿߹ߒ

ߚޕߘߩߣ߈ޔઁߩ㥘ߚߜࠃࠅ߽ᐕ㦂ߦ߅

޿ߡ߽⚻㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ߽⑲ߢߡ޿ߚ৻඘߇ޔ

߽ߒ⊝߇ᓥ߅߁ߣߔࠆߥࠄ߫ޔᄙߊߩෂ㒾 ߦㆣㆄߔࠆߎߣߩߥ޿ᣇᴺࠍ⷗޿ߛߒߚ ߣ⸒޿߹ߒߚޕޟࠊࠇࠊࠇߪޔ₀ߩ㚂ߦ㋈

ࠍษߔߎߣߦߒࠃ߁ޕ₀߇ࠊࠇࠊࠇߩᣇߦ

߿ߞߡ᧪ࠇ߫ޔߘߩ㋈߇ߥࠆߩߢޔࠊࠇࠊ ࠇߪ₀ߦ᳇ߠߊߛࠈ߁ޠޕߘߎߢޔ₀ߚߜ ߪ⊝ޔჿࠍߘࠈ߃ߡޔߎߩᗧ⷗ࠍ߈ࠊ߼ߡ

᦭↪ߥ߽ߩߣ⹷߼ߚߚ߃ޔߘ߁ߔߴ߈ߛߣ

⺆ࠅว޿߹ߒߚޕߣߎࠈ߇ޔᐕ⠧޿ߚ㥘߇

┙ߜ਄߇ࠅޔ৻ห߇㕒߹ߞߚߣߎࠈߢޔߎ

߁⸒޿߹ߒߚޕޟ⑳߽߹ߚޔߘߩᗧ⷗ߦߪ

⾥ᚑߢ޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔ޿ߞߚ޿⺕߇ޔ₀ߩ

㚂ߦ㋈ࠍษߘ߁ߣ޿߁ෂ㒾ࠍ౨ߔߢ޽ࠈ ߁߆ޠޕ⚿ዪޔ㥘ߪ⊝ޔߎߩോ߼ࠍㆱߌߚ ߩߢޔߘߩᗧ⷗߽ή㚝ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚޕߎߩ ኚ⹤ߪޔᄙߊߩ⠪߇ὑߔߴ߈ߎߣࠍ⒓⼝ߔ ࠆ߇ޔߘࠇࠍⴕ߁⠪ߪዋߥ޿ޔߣ޿߁ߎߣ ࠍᢎ␜ߒߡ޿߹ߔޕ

ߎ߁ߒߡޔᷰㇱ᷷ޡㅢଶદ⯃᥉‛⺆ޢߩޟⴐ 㥘໡⼏ߩ⹤ޠ߳ߣ⛯ߊޔ࠻ࡑࠬ࡮ࠫࠚࠗࡓ࠭ޔ ߘߒߡ࡟ࠬ࠻࡟ࡦࠫߩḮᵹߪ⏕߆߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ ߈ߚޕߒ߆ߒޔฎᵴሼ ߦࠃࠆ࿖ሼᧄޡદᦥ଻

‛⺆ޢߦ෼߼ࠄࠇߚޟ㥘ߩ⺣วߩ੐ޠߩౖ᜚ߪޔ ߪߚߒߡޔࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߦޔߘࠇ߽਄⸥ߩ޿ߕ ࠇ߆ߩ ߩ⸥ㅀߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁߆ޕ ޟ㥘ߩ

⺣วߩ੐ޠߩᧄᢥߪޔࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߩ⸥ㅀߦᲧ

ߴߡޔ߈ࠊ߼ߡౝኈߩ⼾߆ߥ߽ߩߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅޔ ᓟઃߩᢎ⸠߽⿰߇⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕઁᣇޔవߦ␜

ໂߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔ

ޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠߪࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝ⥄り ߩഃ᩺ߢߪߥߊޔਛ਎એ᧪ߩ㐳޿વ⛔ߦ⽶ߞߡ ߅ࠅ

⁶⁹

ޔหᤨઍߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔߚߣ߃߫ޔࡁࡧࠚ

࠶࡜૞ኅߩࠕ࡞ࡠ࠶࠻㧔Arlotto㧕ߩޡ╉⹤㓸ޢ

㧙㧙

㧔Facezie, 1568㧕ޔ࡞࠼ࡧࠖ࡯ࠦ࡮࠼ࡔ࠾ࠠߩޡ╉

⹤㓸ޢ㧔

Facecies, et motz subltiz, 1548

㧕ޔࠟࡉ࡝ࠛ

࠶ࡠ࡮ࡈࠔࠛ࡞ࡁ㧔Gabriello Faerno㧕ߩޡኚ⹤

㓸 ޢ㧔

Fabulae centum ex antiquis auctoribus delectae et carminibus explicatae, 1564㧕ߢណࠅ޽

ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕࠕࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߩ⪺૞߇ޟࠗ࠰࠶

ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޠߣวᧄߢೀⴕߐࠇߡ޿ߚߎߣࠍ㐓ߺ ࠆߥࠄ߫ޔ ޡદᦥ଻‛⺆ޢߩౖ᜚߇ߘߎߦ޽ߞߚ

⬄ὼᕈߪ㜞޿ߛࠈ߁ޕߒ߆ߒߘߩ႐ว߽ޔଐ᜚

ߒߚೀᧄߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ೎ߦ⠨ᘦߔߴ߈ὐ߇ሽ࿷

ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

ߔߢߦㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦޔᄤ⨲ᧄޡࠗ࠰ࡐߩࡂࡉ

࡜ࠬޢߦߒߡ߽ޔฎᵴሼᧄޡદᦥ଻‛⺆ޢߦߒ ߡ߽ޔߘࠇࠄ߇㇌⸶ߦ㓙ߒߡଐ᜚ߒߚਥߚࠆේ

ౖߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ

ࠪࡘ࠲ࠗࡦࡋ࡯ࡧࠚ࡞✬➏ߩޟࠗ

࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޠߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ᄘߦዊၳ᩵৻㇢᳁

ߦࠃߞߡᜰ៰ߐࠇߚ

⁷⁰

ޕߚߛߒޔߘߎߦ⷗޿ߛ ߐࠇߥ޿ኚ⹤߇㧢ߟ߶ߤᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔౖ᜚

ߣߔࠆ૞ຠ߇หቯߢ߈ߡ޿ߥ޿ኚ⹤߽ሽ࿷ߔࠆޕ

㆙⮮Ả৻᳁ߪ㐳ᦼߦࠊߚࠆ⎇ⓥߩᧃߦޔේౖߣ

ߒߡޔࠪࡘ࠲ࠗࡦࡋ࡯ࡧࠚ࡞✬ޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤

㓸ޠߩࠬࡍࠗࡦ⺆ ޔߘߒߡޔ࡝࡛ࡦߢ

1542

ᐕߦ࠮ࡃࠬ࠹ࠖࠕࡦ࡮

ࠣ࡝ࡈࠖࠬ߇ೀⴕߒߚޟࠗ

࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޠ♽⛔ߩ࡜࠹ࡦ⺆ ࠍផ᷹ߒߡ޿

ࠆ

⁷¹

ޕࠪࡘ࠲ࠗࡦࡋ࡯ࡧࠚ࡞ ߦ฽߹ࠇߡ޿ߥ

޿ኚ⹤ߩ໧㗴ߦ㒢ߞߡ⸒߃߫ޔ ޡદᦥ଻‛⺆ޢ 㧔ਅ

30㧕

ޟੱߩᔃߩߐߛ߹ࠄߧ੐ޠߪޔ

ࠪࡘ࠲ࠗࡦࡋ

࡯ࡧࠚ࡞ ޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޠߩޔࠬࡍࠗࡦ⺆

 ߢᣂߚߦઃടߐࠇߚޔࡐ࠶࡚ࠫ࡮ࡉ࡜࠶࠴࡚

࡝࡯࠾ޡ╉⹤㓸ޢ߆ࠄߩ৻⹤ޟ㛷㚍ࠍ⢛⽶ߞߚ

޽ࠆ⠧ੱߦߟ޿ߡߩ╉޿⹤ޠ㧔

Facetissimum de sene quodam qui portavit asinum super se㧕ߦ᳞߼

ࠄࠇࠆ

⁷²

ޕߘߒߡޔ

਄ㅀߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔޟ㥘ߩ⺣ว

ߩ੐ޠߪޔ

1542

ᐕߩ࡝࡛ࡦ ޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊ㘑ኚ⹤

㓸ᚑޠߦᚲ෼ߩޔࠕࡊࠬ࠹࡯ࡒࠝߩޡ╙ੑ࡮⊖

⹤㓸ޢߩਛߦ߽⷗޿ߛߐࠇޔߘߩ੐ታߪߔߢߦޔ ᄤℂᄢቇᚲ⬿ߩหೀᧄࠍ⹦ߒߊᬌ⸛ߒߚ㆙⮮᳁

ߦࠃߞߡᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ

⁷³

ޕߚߛߒޔหೀᧄߪޔ

ࡧࠔ࠶࡜ߩޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޠࠍᆎ߼ߣߒߡޔ

޿ߊߟ߽ߩኚ⹤㓸߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔߘߎ ߦߪޔࡐ࠶࡚ࠫߩޡ╉⹤㓸ޢߪ฽߹ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ޕ

ઁᣇޔߚߣ߃߫

1535

ᐕ㗃ߦ࠴ࡘ࡯࡝ࡅߢೀⴕߐ ࠇߚޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊ㘑ኚ⹤㓸ᚑޠߦߪޔࠕࡊࠬ࠹࡯

ࡒࠝߩޟ₀ߩ㚂ߦ㋈ࠍษߘ߁ߣߔࠆ㥘ߚߜߦߟ

޿ߡޠߦട߃ޔࡐ࠶࡚ࠫߩޟ㛷㚍ࠍ⢛⽶ߞߚ޽

ࠆ⠧ੱߦߟ޿ߡߩ╉޿⹤ޠ߽฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢ

޽ࠆ

⁷⁴

ޕ߽ߜࠈࠎޔߎߩ੐ታߛߌ߆ࠄߪ޿߆ߥ ࠆⓍᭂ⊛ߥផ⺰߽┙ߡࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿ߢ޽ࠈ ߁߇ޔዋߥߊߣ߽ޔߐࠄߥࠆࠗ࠰࠶ࡊ㘑ኚ⹤㓸

ᚑߩត⚝ߩᔅⷐᕈߣޔ߹ߚน⢻ᕈࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ

ߣ⸒߁ߎߣߪߢ߈ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁

⁷⁵

ޕ

㒝⺰ ޟ⁍ߣጊ⟠ޠߩવᛚߦߟ޿ߡ

ᧄ⺰ߦ߅޿ߡޔࡠ࡟ࡦ࠷ࠜ࡮ࡧࠔ࠶࡜ߩ࡜࠹

ࡦ⺆⸶߆ࠄޔᦨೋߩኚ⹤ޟ⁍ߣጊ⟠ޠߦߟ޿ߡ

⚫੺ߒߚޕߎߩ‛⺆ߪޟ㥘ߩળ⼏ޠߣߪ⇣ߥࠅޔ ฎઍࠡ࡝ࠪࠕ߆ࠄޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤ޠߣߒߡવ߃ ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ↱✜޽ࠆ৻૞ຠߢ޽ࠆޕߣߪ޿߃ޔ

⸼ߦ߅޿ߡᜰ៰ߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔ⃻࿷ߦ߅޿ߡᮡḰ

⊛ߥᩞ⸓ ߣߒߡෳ⋴ߐࠇࠆࠪࡖࡦࡉ࡝ ߿ࡍ

࡝࡯ ޔߘߒߡޔߘࠇࠄࠍᐩᧄߣߒߚ㇌⸶ ߣ Ყߴࠆߣޔᄢᗧߪᄌࠊࠄߥ޿ߣߒߡ߽ޔ޿ߊߟ ߆ߩ⇣ห߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆޕએਅޔ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ࠹ࠢࠬ

࠻ࠍ⺒ߺߥ߇ࠄޔ ޟࠗ࠰࠶ࡊኚ⹤㓸ޠߩવᛚߦߟ

޿ߡޔߘߩ৻┵ࠍ⠨߃ߡߺߚ޿ޕ

߹ߕޔࠕ࠙ࠢࠬࡉ࡞ࠢⓂᧄ㧔

Augsutana

㧕ߦḰ

᜚ߒߡ޿ࠆࠪࡖࡦࡉ࡝ ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔޟ⁍ߣ㊁⟠ޠ

㧔Ἀλώπηξ καὶ τράγος㧕ߩኚ⹤ߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽

ࠆ

⁷⁶

ޕ

Ἀλώπηξ πεσοῦσα εἰς φρέαρ ὑπ’ ἀνάγκης ἔμεινε. Τράγος δὲ δίψει συνεχόμενος ἐγένετο κατὰ τὸ αὐτὸ φρέαρ· θεασάμενος δὲ αὐτὴν ἐπυνθάνετο εἰ καλόν ἐστι τὸ ὕδωρ· ἡ δὲ τὴν

συντυχίαν ἀσμενισαμένη εἰς ἔπαινον τοῦ ὕδατος κατέτεινε, λέγουσα ὡς χρηστὸν εἴη τὸ ὕδωρ, καὶ καταβαίνειν αὐτὸν παρῄνει. Ἐπεὶ δὲ ἀμελετήτως κατῆλθε διὰ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν, ἅμα τῷ τὴν δίψαν σβέσαι μετὰ τῆς ἀλώπεκος ἐσκόπει τὴν ἄνοδον. Καὶ ἡ ἀλώπηξ ὑποτυχοῦσα εἶπε·

Χρήσιμον οἶδ α, ἐὰν μόνον θελήσῃς τὴν ἀμφοτέρων σωτηρίαν. Θέλησον οὖν τοὺς ἐμπροσθίους πόδας ἐρεῖσαι τῷ τοίχῳ, ὀρθῶσαι δὲ τὰ κέρατα, ἀναδραμοῦσα δὲ ἐγὼ καὶ σὲ ἀνασπάσω. Τοῦ δὲ πρὸς τὴν παραίνεσιν αὐτῆς ἑτοίμως ἐπακούσαντος, ἡ ἀλώπηξ ἀναλομένη διὰ τῶν σκελῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν ὤμων καὶ τῶν κεράτων ἐπὶ τὸ στόμα τοῦ φρέατος εὑρέθη καὶ ἀνελθοῦσα ἀπηλλάττετο. Τοῦ δὲ τράγου μεμφομένου αὐτὴν ὡς τὰς ὁμολογίας ἀθετήσασαν, ἐπιστραφεῖσα εἶπε τῷ τράγῳ· Ὦ οὗτος, εἰ τοσαύτας φρένας εἶχες ὅσας ἐν τῷ πώγωνί σου τρίχας, οὐ πρότερον ἂν κατεβηβήκεις πρὶν τὴν ἄνοδον ἐσκέψω.

Οὕτως καὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τοὺς φρονίμους δεῖ πρότερον τὰ τέλη τῶν πραγμάτων σκοπεῖν, εἶθ' οὕτως αὐτοῖς ἐγχειρεῖν.

⁍߇੗ᚭߩਛ߳⪭ߜޔߒࠃ߁߇ߥߊޔߘ ߎߢߓߞߣߒߡ޿߹ߒߚޕ༄߇ᷢ޿ߡ઀ᣇ ߩߥ޿ጊ⟠߇ޔߘߩ੗ᚭߩߣߎࠈߦ߿ߞߡ

᧪߹ߒߚޕߘߒߡ⁍ࠍ⷗ߟߌࠆߣޔߘߩ᳓

߇⟤๧ߒ޿߆ߤ߁߆዆ߨ߹ߒߚޕ⁍ߪޔߎ ߩ஧ὼߦ߶ߊߘ╉ߺߟߟޔߘߩ᳓ࠍ⹷߼ߜ ߉ࠅޔ޿߆ߦߘߩ᳓߇⟤๧ߒ޿߆ࠍ⺆ߞߡޔ

ጊ⟠ߦ㒠ࠅߡߊࠆࠃ߁ߦ൘߼߹ߒߚޕጊ⟠

ߪ߭ߚߔࠄ᳓߇㘶ߺߚ߆ߞߚߩߢ૗߽⠨

߃ࠆߎߣߥߊਅߦ㒠ࠅޔ༄ߩᷢ߈߇߅ߐ߹

ࠆߣޔ⁍ߣߣ߽ߦ⊓ࠆᚻ┙ߡࠍ⠨߃߹ߒߚޕ ߔࠆߣ⁍߇ޔᔕ߃ߡ⸒޿߹ߒߚޕޟ߽ߒำ ߦޔੑੱߣ߽ഥ߆ࠆᚻ┙ߡߦදജߔࠆ᳇߇

޽ࠇ߫ߛ߇ޔ⑳ߪ਄ᚻߥ߿ࠅᣇࠍ⷗ߟߌߚ ߩߛ߇ޕߟ߹ࠅޔำߩ೨ߩਔ⣉ࠍოߦߟ޿

ߡޔਔᣇߩ߽ⷺ਄ߦะߌߡߊࠇߥ޿ߛࠈ߁ ߆ޕߘ߁ߔࠇ߫ޔ⑳ߪ㚟ߌ਄߇ߞߡޔߘࠇ ߆ࠄำࠍᒁ߈਄ߍࠆ߆ࠄޠޕጊ⟠߇⁍ߩឭ

᩺ߦ༑ࠎߢᓥߞߚߩߢޔ⁍ߪጊ⟠ߩਔ⣉ߣ

ਔ⢋ߣⷺࠍ㗅ߦ㘧߮਄߇ࠅޔ੗ᚭߩ✼ߦߟ ߊߣޔߘߎ߆ࠄ಴ߡ෰ࠈ߁ߣߒ߹ߒߚޕߘ ߎߢጊ⟠ߪޔ⚂᧤ࠍ⎕ߞߚߣ⁍ࠍ⽿߼ߚߩ ߢߔ߇ޔ⁍ߪጊ⟠ߩᣇࠍᝄࠅะߊߣ⸒޿߹

ߒߚޕޟߨ߃ޔጊ⟠ߐࠎޔ߅߹߃ߩ޽ߏ㜯

߶ߤߩᢙߩ⍮ᕺ߇߅೨ߦ޽ߞߚߥࠄ߫ޔ೨

߽ߞߡ੗ᚭ߆ࠄ਄߇ࠆߎߣࠍ⠨߃ߕߦޔߘ ߎߦ㒠ࠅߚࠅߪߒߥ߆ߞߚߛࠈ߁ߦޠޕߎ ߩࠃ߁ߦޔ⍮ᕺߩ޽ࠆ⠪ߪޔ⥄ಽߩⴕὑߩ

⚿ᧃߦߟ޿ߡ੍߼⠨߃ߥ޿ߢޔߘࠇߦ⌕ᚻ

ߔߴ߈ߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎޕ

ࡧࠔ࠶࡜⸶ߣᲧセߔࠆߣޔ‛⺆ߩㅴⴕߪ㘃ૃ

ߒߡ߅ࠅޔᓟઃߌᢎ⸠߽ห᭽ߥࡔ࠶࠮࡯ࠫࠍવ

߃ߡ޿ࠆޕᄢ߈ߊ⇣ߥࠆߩߪ౨㗡ߩ▎ᚲߢ޽ࠅޔ ࡧࠔ࠶࡜ߩ႐วߦߪޔ༄߇ᷢ޿ߚ⁍ߣጊ⟠߇ߣ

߽ߦ੗ᚭߩਛ߳㒠ࠅߡ޿ߞߚߎߣ߆ࠄᆎ߹ࠆޕ

ઁᣇޔࠪࡖࡦࡉ࡝ ߢߪޔ⁍߇੗ᚭߩਛߦ⪭ߜ ߡ⊓ࠇߥߊߥߞߡ߅ࠅޔጊ⟠ࠍ᱂޿ߡ੗ᚭߩਛ ߦ⺃޿ޔ⥄ࠄ߇ഥ߆ࠈ߁ߣ޿߁ᗧ࿑߇᣿⏕ߢ޽

ࠆޕਔ⠪ߩ⋧㆑ߪޔᐩᧄߣߒߚࠡ࡝ࠪࠕ⺆౮ᧄ ߩ⋧㆑ߦ↱᧪ߔࠆޕࠪࡖࡦࡉ࡝ ߣࡍ࡝࡯ ߇ ଐ᜚ߒߡ޿ࠆޔࠕ࠙ࠢࠬࡉ࡞ࠢⓂᧄ㧔

Augsutana

㧕 ߩਛᩭߣߥࠆߩߪޔࠕ࠙ࠢࠬࡉ࡞ࠢᣥ⬿ߢޔ⃻

࿷ߪࡃࠗࠛ࡞ࡦ࿖┙࿑ᦠ㙚ᚲ⬿ߩࡒࡘࡦࡋࡦ౮ ᧄ

564

ߢ޽ࠆ

⁷⁷

ޕߎࠇߪ

13㨪14਎♿ߩ౮ᧄߢ޽

ࠆ߇ޔේᧄߪ㧝㨪㧞਎♿ߦ㆚ࠆߣ⷗ߥߐࠇߡ߅ ࠅޔ231 ⹤ࠍ฽ࠎߢ޿ࠆޕઁᣇޔࡧࠔ࠶࡜߇ᐩ ᧄߣߒߚ౮ᧄߪቢోߦߪ․ቯߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߇ޔ

೎ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊޔߔߥࠊߜޔࠕ࠙ࠢࠬࡉ࡞ࠢⓂᧄ

߆ࠄ಴ߚ⇣ ߣ⸒߁ߴ߈ޔ

࠙ࠖ࡯ࡦⓂᧄ㧔Codex

㧙㧙

Vindobonensis 130㧕ࠍਛᩭߣߔࠆ࠙ࠖ࡯ࡦᩞ⸓

ᧄ㧔

Vindobonensis

㧕ޔ߽ߒߊߪޔ

1479

ᐕ㧔޽ࠆ

޿ߪ

1480

ᐕ㧕ߦࠡ࡝ࠪࠕ⺆ ࠍೀⴕߒߚࡏ࠿

ࠬ࡮ࠕ࠶ࠢ࡞ࠪ࠙ࠬ㧔Bonus Accursius㧕߇᜚ߞ ߚޔࠕ࠶ࠢ࡞ࠪ࠙ࠬⓂᧄ㧔Accursiana㧕ߦዻߒߡ

޿ࠆ

⁷⁸

ޕࠕ࠶ࠢ࡞ࠪ࠙ࠬⓂᧄߪޔ14

਎♿ߩೋ߼

ߦޔࡆࠩࡦ࠹ࠖࡦߩࡑࠢࠪࡕࠬ࡮ࡊ࡜࠿࠺ࠬߦ ࠃߞߡޔࠕ࠙ࠢࠬࡉ࡞ࠢⓂᧄߣ࠙ࠖ࡯ࡦⓂᧄ߆ ࠄ✬➏ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔ࡞ࡀࠨࡦࠬᦼએ㒠ޔ

ࠡ࡝ࠪࠕ⺆ේౖߣߒߡᵹᏓߒߡ޿ߚޕࠕ࠙ࠢࠬ

ࡉ࡞ࠢⓂᧄߪ

1812

ᐕߦߥߞߡࠃ߁߿ߊޔ࡛࡯ࡂ ࡦ࡮ࠧ࠶࠻࡝࡯ࡊ࡮ࠪࡘ࠽ࠗ࠳࡯ߦࠃߞߡ಴ 

ߐࠇߚޕએਅޔ࠙ࠖ࡯ࡦⓂᧄߣࠕ࠶ࠢ࡞ࠪ࠙ࠬ

Ⓜᧄ߆ࠄޔࡂ࠙ࠬ࡜࡯࠻ᩞ⸓ ߦ᜚ߞߡ࠹ࠢࠬ

࠻ߣ⹜⸶ࠍឝߍࠆޕ

ἀλώπηξ καὶ τράγος ἐν φρέατι ἐνέπεσον. τοῦ δὲ τράγου σκοπουμένου τὴν ἄνοδον ἡ ἀλώπηξ

“χρήσιμον τί, ” ἔφη, “θάρσει, ἐπινενόηκα εἰς τὴν ἀμφοτέρων σωτηρίαν.” ὁ τράγος ἔφη· “πῶς”;

ἡ ἀλώπηξ εἶπε· “τοὺς ἐμπροσθίους σου πόδ ας τῷ τοίχῳ προσερείσας καὶ τὰ ὁρθῶς σταθεὶς ἔγκλινον καὶ ἀρθεῖσα ἂνωθεν εῦθέως καὶ παραχρῆμα ἀναγάγω σε ἐνθεν.” τοῦ δὲ ἑτοίμως πρὸς τὴν παραίνεσιν ὑπηρετήσαντος ἡ ἀλώπηξ ἁλλομένη διὰ τῶν σκελῶν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὰ νῶτα ἀνέβη καὶ ἀπ’ ἐκείνου ἐπὶ τὰ κέρατα διερεισαμένη καὶ γενναίως ἐκτιναχθεῖσα ἐπὶ τοῦ στόματος τοῦ φρέατος εὑρέθη καὶ ἀνελθοῦσα ἀπηλλάττετο. ορχουμένης δὲ αὐτης καὶ παιζοὐσης ὁ τράγος μεμφόμενος αὐτην καὶ ὀνειδίζων ὡς τὰς ὁμολογίας παραβαίνουσαν ἐπιστραφεῖσα εἶπεν·

“ὦ οὗτος, αλλ’ εἰ τοσαύς φρένας εἶχες ὅπόσας ἐν τῷ πώγωνί σου τρίχας, οὐ πρότερον κατεβέβηκας πρὶν τὴν ἄνοδον ἂν ἐσκέψω.” ὁ μῦθος δηλοί, ὅτί οὕτω καὶ τὸν φρόνιμον

ἀνθροπων δ εῖ πρότερον τὰ τέλη τῶν πραγμάτων σκοπεῖν, εἶθ' οὕτως αὐτοῖς ἐγχειρεῖν. ⁷⁹

⁍ߣጊ⟠߇੗ᚭߩਛߦ⪭ߜ߹ߒߚޕጊ⟠

߇⊓ࠆᚻ┙ߡࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆߣޔ⁍߇⸒޿߹

ߒߚޕޟߏ቟ᔃߥߐ޿ޕ⑳ߪੑੱߩߚ߼ߩ

ᚻᲑߣߒߡ᦭⋉ߥߎߣࠍᕁ޿ߟ޿ߚߩߢ

ߔ߆ࠄޠޕߘߎߢጊ⟠ߪ዆ߨ߹ߒߚޕޟߤ߁ ߔࠆߩߢߔ߆ޠޕ⁍ߪ╵߃߹ߔޕޟ޽ߥߚߩ

೨ߩਔ⣉ࠍოߦߒߞ߆ࠅߟߌߡޔ⌀ߞ⋥ߋ

ߣ┙ߞߡߊߛߐ޿ޕߘ߁ߔࠇ߫ޔ⑳߇਄߳

ߣ㗅ߦ⊓ߞߡ޿ߞߡޔߔߋߦ਄߆ࠄ޽ߥߚ ࠍᒁ߈਄ߍ߹ߔޠޕጊ⟠߇⁍ߩឭ᩺ߦ༑ࠎ ߢᓥߞߚߩߢޔ⁍ߪޔጊ⟠ߩਔ⣉߆ࠄ⢛ਛ

߳ߣ߆ߌ਄߇ࠅޔߘߎ߆ࠄਔᣇߩⷺࠍᡰ߃ ߦߒߡ⊓ࠅޔ੗ᚭߩ✼߳⌕޿ߡޔߘߎ߆ࠄ

಴ߡ෰ࠈ߁ߣߒ߹ߒߚޕ⁍߇༑߮ߥ߇ࠄ㘧

߮〡ߨߡ޿ࠆߩߢޔጊ⟠ߪޔ⁍ߦᢥฏࠍ⸒

޿ޔ⚂᧤ࠍ⎕ߞߚߣ⽿߼┙ߡ߹ߒߚ߇ޔ⁍

ߪጊ⟠ߩᣇࠍᝄࠅะߊߣ⸒޿߹ߒߚޕޟߨ

߃ޔጊ⟠ߐࠎޔ߅೨ߦߘߩ޽ߏ㜯߶ߤߩᢙ

ߩ⍮ᕺ߇޽ߞߚߥࠄ߫ޔ೨߽ߞߡ੗ᚭ߆ࠄ

਄߇ࠆߎߣࠍ⠨߃ߕߦޔߘߎߦ㒠ࠅߡߪߎ

ߥ߆ߞߚߛࠈ߁ߦޠޕߎߩ‛⺆ߪޔߎߩࠃ ߁ߦޔ⍮ᕺߩ޽ࠆ⠪ߪޔ⥄ಽߩⴕὑߩ⚿ᧃ ߦߟ޿ߡ੍߼⠨߃ߥ޿ߢޔߘࠇߦ⌕ᚻߔߴ ߈ߢߪߥ޿ߎߣࠍᢎ߃ߡ޿߹ߔޕ

ἀλώπηξ καὶ τράγος διψῶντες εὶς φρέαρ κατάβησαν. μετὰ δὲ τὸ πιεῖν τοῦ τράγου σκεπουμένου τὴν ἄνοδον ἡ ἀλώπηξ ἔφη·

“θάρσει, χρησιμόν τι καὶ εἰς τὴν ἀμφοτέρων σωτηρίαν ἐπινενόηκα.” Εἰ γὰρ

ὄρθιος σταθεὶς τοὺς ἐμπροσθίους τῶν ποδῶν τῷ τοίχῳ προσερείσεις καὶ τὰ κέρατα ὁμοίως εἰς τοὔμπροσθεν κλινεῖς, ἀναδραμοῦσα διὰ τῶν