• 検索結果がありません。

( R e c e i v e dD e c . I 九 1956) By KU l ¥ IAO HINO

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

シェア "( R e c e i v e dD e c . I 九 1956) By KU l ¥ IAO HINO"

Copied!
20
0
0

読み込み中.... (全文を見る)

全文

(1)

2

"OUR~"AL ( j V ' J ' J l F : TN. ρ us'/'nTAJ. EXPLosn'f:S SOO Il~"1' Y, , JAPAN. ORTGr~\'AI. l ' APHU

SHOCKWAVETHEORYOFBLASTING WITHCYLINDRICALCHARGE

( R e c e i v e dD e c . I 九 1956) By KU l ¥ IAO HINO

( A s a uboratory , Nip凹" K 町 aku C o . Ltd ・3 Summary

Shock wave

th 田町 of

b l a s t i n gw i t ha

1加g cyli吋rical

c h a r g eh a sb e e n d e s c r i b e da l o n gt h e

s割 lines

a sdonei nas e r i e so f

previ 叩s

p a p e r s by t h ep r e s e n ta u t h o ro nt h es h o c kwavet h e o r yo fb l a s t i n gw i t hc o n c e n t r a t e d c h a r g eandi t sa p p l i c a t i o n st op r a c t i c a ip r o b l e m s

P r a c t i c a lf o r m u l a shaveb e e n summarizeda sfoHows

(1) Peak

pre 田ure

l J r o fac y l i n d r i c a l

目 k

wavea td i s t a n c e r fromana x i s o fac y l i n d r i c a lc h a r g ewhose

rad 山sis

α

1) , =PD(

~

r

wherep D = d e t o n a t i o n

pre 田 ure

J)=r =reduced

dis 国 nce

I ! = 1 . 5

u

(2) Peak

pre 田ure 1)4 ∞ the fr 間 face

同D(H'

whereI l = d e p t ht oac h a r g eo r b u r d e nL ob eb l a s t e d

(3) Peak

pre 畠山 e Vl-~

a t

the 皿cond

r,目 face pr 国 uccd

byt h ef i r s ts l a b 1 1 1̲z=Pa‑St

whereS t = t c n s i l es t r e n g t ho fr o c k (4) Mean

pr 品S町e

P Io fas h o c kwave

e n t r a p p e dw i t h i nt h ef i r s ts l a b

/ l ,~

S ,

PI=PD¥d)

-ヲー

(5) V e l o c i t yo foutwardmovementV I

A田 machi ,

Y a m a g u c h i Pr efecture , J a p a n 2

o ft h ef i r s ts l a bduet omomentumg i v e n by as h o c kwave

(2z) 九一-

L 1 . U

where. ( ' = g r a v i t yc o n s t a n t

ι=density

o fr o c k

U=shock wavev e l o c i t y (6) De p t ho fa

era阻,

<I,

L

1',=ー2

whereL = e f f e c t i v el e n g t ho fa s h o c kwave

(7)

Co<田 cient

o fp r e s s u r ed e c a yI I : Meュ t h o d J

ょj{盟国d'

) )

句(ぺ正)

wh 町e

R=radiuso fac r a t e r ( h a l fo ft h eb r e a d t ho fat r o u g h

由ape

c r a t e r )

(8) Burden d T f o ra f u J i c r a t e r

ふ~P.( 走r 川=f(TY

Reducedb u r d e n

D戸 d,

P

(2)

: ¥ l a r c h I 弱η K " 羽 田 開 閉 3 (O)

C岨 fficient

o f

pr e:制問 decay

/ I : Meュ

'h 吋日

=叫苧)句(す)

。0) Time 同司 u ,問 d t~

f o rs l a bf o r m a ti o n duet oas h o c kwave

2 d r

t . = r i ‑

( 1 1 )

Di叩 lacement

o fstemming 2 : a f t e r t i m e t fromt h emomento fd e t o n a t i o n

Z = / z o = +( 1 1 : 1 ; 1 '

)t~

wherez . = o r i g i n a ll e n g t hola charge , rD=volumeo fa charge ,

l1 =ma田 of

stemming

( 1 2 )

Vel 田 f the 居間 nd

s l a b 1 ' = :

民=(品 )(P<- ~ι)

( 1 3 ) V e l o c i t yo f

the 出ird

s l a b1 " 1

九=(長)

( P < ‑

~s ,)

(1 り Time

I

I>

a t

wh 凶 deton :1 tion

p r o d u c t s

国gin

t o

blow 凹t

o f

a 回目 hole

ら=,で fJ_

,

P" もn u,.= コ;}

where

111.= 印tal

l e n g t ho fab o r e h o ! e

l~= 出回 I I阻gth

o f ac y l i n d r i c a l charge=x u

( 1 5 ) SpacingS c

between 加re

h o l e s S , =xdr. ! l ' ̲S.fd:=reduccdS p a c i n g .

:1: =2 ,

2・-~-1

f o r" . . . . 1 . 5 ,r =lA

( 1 6 ) Le n g t ho fs u b ‑ d r i l l i n g I ,

4 IS.

、a

I.=:("")d

3¥P r

弓 (0 おd,)

I'

J

( l 7 ) Le n g t ho fstemmingn e a ramouth o fab o r eh o l el .

, ? I "

_~

(.=2 (1‑: I -, I

~,I,尋 (1 白d,)

I

,、 I'D

J J

( 1 8 )

I且ding

f a c t o r f o r a

cylindri四I

c h a r g e

I

"'.今、 I

S . ¥ 1 . : =

F=2. S 6 xl O ' ; r 1‑ ̲ ‑ 1 1

~

I

¥ . t J .J¥pD}

~mex 司竺主主

t o no fr o c k

where . 1 . = l o a d i n gd e n s i t yo fan

expl 曲 ive

c h a r g e

( 1 9 )

Loa ding 白ctar

f o r

a 田 ed

c h n r g e

(∞ yolc

b l a s t i n g )

(.1, \(StV·~

F=4.05x10 ・1r f~ 一一\I

-, I

¥d.

J \p" ノ

〈却) L回ding

f a c t o rf o rad e c kc h a r g e F=6.31

x附f会)(土 r

( 2 1 ) Numbero fs l a b s. Y :

J=2 ・p

〈包) Tbickne 坦 of

as l a b I J l= . I~~ v‑ =“ ( ' : . " r

2・“ \

S , )

( 2 3 )

~umber of 回re hoI 四 B

p e r

1田m'

f o r

c}'lindri 国 I

c h a r g e s

B ・2 聞で!O'

= 一 -

(

l

S ,-

‑ I

Y 舗

“ー \ P "ノ

( 2 4 )

N山n出r of 回re

h o l e sB p e r1 0 0 m = f o r

d町k

c h a r g e s

B =

2 担う1 0' I ゐ'-I

z 一 一

“ \P" J I n t r o d u c t i o n

Fort h e

be 田fit of 位Ie

s i m p l i c i t yo ft h e

t h e o r e t i c a l

t問atment

t h et h e o r yo fb l a s t ュ

i o g .

of 田lid r田ks may 匝 divided

i n t o

two

ext 問 me en 曽S,

t h a t

is ,出 e

theoryof

b l a s t i n g

wi 出 a con 由民 t四ted

c h a r g eand

t h e o r y o f b l a s t i n g

wi 出 a cylindri 国l d町ge.

The

former 回担 has 出血 dealt

(3)

4 S h o c kw a ¥ ' et h e o r ro f bl 回ing w i t h c~' lI mlrical c h a r g e i ' o l .1 8N o .I with i n t h e

prcvi 山Sり papers

w h i l et h e

pee 担nt

p a p e ri sa l la t t e m p tt o

es 回 blish

as h o c k

wave 出回 ry

o fb l a s t i n g witha

c}'lindri回I

charge

Thed e f i n i t i o no ft e r m si nb l a s t i n gw i t h ac y l i n d r i c a lc h a r g eh a sbeen i l l u s t r a t e d i nF i g . 1

I nt h e

p日記 nt theoreti 回 1 t目 3tment

i t h a sb e e nassumed

that 出e

l e n g t ho fa c y l i n d r i c a lchargei sl o n g

enough 回mpa ,

cd witht h eb u r d e nandt h ed e t o n a t i o n

\'cl 田 it}'

o ft h ecolumno fan

expl< 臨時"

inti 即時 I}-

fast , t h a t is , t h e

刊官‘ e

f r o n to f t h es h o c kwavep r o d u c e dbyt h ed e t o n a キ t i o n o f t h e c h a r g e formsa c y l i n d r i c a l wavewhichp r o p a g a t e stw o ‑ d i m e n t i o n a l ュ I ,

回目pt 田町 the 加出印dsofa 田lumoar

c h a r g e

ァ 1 ‑ O u t l i n eoft h e

theo 可

Theb l a s t i n go f

a 田lid

m a t e r i a lbyan e x p l o s i v ec h a r g e

m町田 cur

i nt h ef o l l o w ュ

mg 田 quen

(l、De tonation

o fan

expl 凶 vc ch 町go p,凶 "re ,‘ crushed zo 田"

around

it 田 Cae

由 e

i n t e n s i t yo f

民 k

wavei sg r e a t e r

曲an

l h ecompress i ¥ ' es t r e n g t ho ft h e

r配k.

however , t h i s

rallg 芭 of

c r u s h i n gi sl i m i t e d t ot h e

叫 ighbourh ∞d

o fac h a r g e

< 2) Be yondt h ec r u s h e dz o n e

there 国n

b r e a k i n g by

四mpression

due t o

目 k

wave, however, t h es h o c k

wave

r e f l e c t e dD Sat e n s i o nwavea taf r e ef a c e Ast h et e n s i l es t r e n g t ho fr o c ki smuch s m a l l e rt h a n

comp 同国 ivc

o n e .

rock 田n

beb r o k e nbyt h i st e n s i o nwave.t h er a n g e t ) K u m a 0: Th 田 bl 回 出 g with 回a

c e o l r a t e dc h a r g e : T h i s

J曲目 ai ,

1 5 .N o . ‑ l .

,,,..・,.仇 (19ω) a n dKumaoH i n D : F悶 .me

n l a t i o no fr o c kt h r o u g hb l : u t i n ga n ds h o c k w a v e

theor~'

o fb l : l S ! i n g .

S~'mposium

o n Roc k

JI.'1 echania , Qu a r t e r ! } 'o ft h e

Col 。ロ do Sc h∞ I

o f <\lin C! s, 5 1 . No.3 , 1 9 1 .( 1 9 5 6 )

.・ a岨・ '110"...1

. . . . ..,.

I ,

, W.

'

.

.

.

..

‑ E . . +(l

'.,

ユ泊..

.-,.

喝‘‘..

~"'H

也記.rui tTι

.t,.

;-宮古 E辺

I . U

<・ TL 詰"'.

d一s

s

, r出

a "

-回世

F i g .I . D e f i n i t i o no f

term ・ in bIas れ ng

w i t h a

c~'lindrieal

c h a r g e

グ》戸ポ夜、マ

{(:強制 ;j;

¥

\-こ・:でよ?'

. . .

F i g .2 . Pr o p a g a t i o no fnc r l l n d r l c a ls h o c k w a v e( s c c t i o n ) : : l Q di t sr e l l C ! c t i o na ta fr田 f:lee

。f

b r c < l k i n ge x t e n d i n gfrom < l

fr ,

i n w a r d st ot h ec r u s h e dZ O n e

(3) Onlya p a r to ft h et o t a lenergy o fan

expl 国ive

ch < l r g e

g'世s

i n t oa

sh皿k

‘叩 ve

andt h e

ga 盟 s

fromd e t o n a t i o na t h i g hp r e s s u r eexpandd o i n gworka g a i n t 4

/

(4)

~I :l rch 1 9 5 7 )

Kuma

frngmentso fr o c kwhichhaveb e e np r o ュ ducedbyas h o c kw a v e . Thesefragments a r ea l r e a d yi nm o t i o nduet omomentum

acquired 仕om 0 曲目 k

waveandt h e yg e t more momentum from t h ee x p a n s i o no f

go 担S

2 口laracterill1 i問。r

ashockwayei n 'ock

De t o n a t i o n

pre 且.u re

PD o fane x p l o s i v e mayb ec a l c u l a t e d

by 廿le

h y d r o d y n a m i c a l ュ

thermodrnamical 回 ry

o fd e t o n a t i o no r

by 開me

a p p r o x i m a t i o n

fonnulas~}.

C h a r a c t e r i s t i c so f

a 由ock

wave

wi 出 in

r o c k

may 出回Jc ulated り on

t h eb a s i so f Riemann ,

Ra曲 ine-Hugoniot's

e q u a t i o n so f

olsh 血k

waveandane q u a t i o no fs t a t e

。.f

solid, however, as t r o n g

sh は主 wa 、'e

maye x i s to n l y within “ a c r u s h e dz o n e "

andbeyondt h i sc r u s h e dz o n et h e

intensi

t y

of 由民 k

wave i sweakert h a ncomュ

p,e田ive

s t r e n g t ho frock,

m町cover,

t h e i n t e n s i t yo f

田 k

wave

decrea 担s

r a p i d l y duet otwod i m e n t i o n a ld i v e r g e n c eo ft h e s h o c k wave.

BcCtl. u曽 of 曲目 e

c I r c u m ュ

S阻n田s

i na d d i t i o nt ot h ef a c tt h a tcomキ p r e s s i b i l i t yo fs o l i dr o c ki sg e n e r a l l yv e r y

闘all , an 旦fQ ustic aEE 旦出盟主坦 ~~y p些 1旦.in

E i i r l yw e l lt h eb e h a v i o u r s

o fs h o c kwavesandt h i ss i t u a t i o nmakes f u r t h e rt h e o r e t i c a lt r e a t m e n t

much 回sler

ァ 3 . P r e s s u l ' edecayduct od i s t a n c e

O u t s i d eo fac r u s h e dz o n ewemayasュ

s umet h a tt h ep e a k

pre 日ure

1 " o fa

sh皿k

wavea tad i s t a n c erfromana x i so fa c y l i n d r i c a l charge , whoser a d i u s

is “ α" ,

b er e p r e s e n t e db yt h ef o l l o w i n ge q u a t i o n

内.( ~

" )

u u u u u u u u (

1)

ニ) Kumao Hi 問 and T .U r a k a w a : A p p r o x i m a ュ t e detonali 拍 P' 目 f i n d u s t r i a l eJt p]c ド

! . i ¥ ' c s : T h i s Journal , 1

~o.

" . 2"2̲250

(19 日〉

5

V一α

y 目 E

l山e退C

( S

1

P M m d H d m 目 E E V l J 旬

d

e e 1 D 4 同 n (nz

p z e ' r p

町 W h e

The n u m e r i c a l v a l u eo f I t mayb e

出血 ed to 出 1-2

w h i l ei ts h o u l ddepend

on 出e

n a t u r eo fr o c kand

自 plosi\"e

~.

4 . Brcakingbynr e f l c c t e dt c n s i o n

l\ ·3 , ·e

ι1.

Formationo f

sla 出 by

a

t朗 Sian

wa、'e

I nF i g .2 . 0 i sas e c t i o no fana x i so f a

cy1i ndri回 I

c h a r g e

who 世間 dius

i s

.;α"

The

pre 宙ure

a t "a" a t t h emomento f d e t o n a t i o no fan

e叩!曲川 e

charge ,

wh田e

leng出 is

asswnedt ob e infinite ,

may 出 2時間led to 匝 equal

w i t ht h ed e t o n a t i o n

p,e田ure

PD. r c i n d i c a t e sar a d i u so fa

crushed 油田 and

t h ep e a k

pre 田ure

o fa s h o c k w a ¥ ' e

at 町 may

b eassumedt ob e t h esame w i t ht h ec o m p r e s s i v es t r e n g t h

ole 田k

1 ' c . Ataf r e ef a c e •. J B whichi s s i t u a t e da tad i s t a n c edfromana x i so f a c y l i n d r i c a l c h a r g e t h e

comp 時 ive

s h o c b waver e f l e c t sa sat e n s i o n wave Atap o i n t H wheret h ee f f e c t i v e tension , t h a tis , t h e

difference 出 tween

t h ei n t e n s i t yo fat e n s i o nwavennd t h a to ft h e remaining c o m p r e s s i o n wave , e x c e e d s t h et e n s i l es t r e n g t ho frock ,

wh田e 、 alue

i t much

small 巴r

t h a n t h e c o m p r e s s i v e strength ,

the 日rst

main f r a c t u r eduet o t e n s i o nt a k e sp l a c ea tI Tandt h ep o r t i o n o fr o c kbetween j[ andaf r e ef a c ei sd e f i n e da st h e

Ii毘 t

s l a b .I fwe

de 認口出 the

peakp r e s s u r eo fas h o c kwavea tap o i n t E o naf r e eface ,

by 拘 then

wehave

p . = p n (

-~

)‘

Toaf i r s t a p p r o x i J r . a t i o nt h e

pre 田辺町

(5)

6 S h o c kW 3 ¥ ' CI h e o r yo fb l a s t i n g ~'ith c y l i n d r i c a lc h a r g e ( V o l . 1 8No.1 o fns h o c kwave a t H where t h e f i r s t

mainf r a c t u r eduet ot e n s i o nt a k e sp l a c e r n a ) 'bed e s c r

i 匝d

as

follo 、四旬

PI_:= , JI-$I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 3 >

whe問 SI=胞llsile

s t r e n g t ho fr o c k Thent h e

m白n p同盟 ure

o fshockwave

en 甘apped within 曲e 面-s t

s l a bi sas

fol ・

l o w s

J勾 +IJI_:

1. : . ̲ ‑ ' ' " ¥ r 、 IlJ ;

(l¥ "

' )

-ーヱ

S 2 ,

The outward ¥ ' c l o c i t y

of 出e

f i r s t s l a b a t

a 凹intEona may

be r e

p同盟 nted

as

foUo\' 団"

v,~( ふ).,

、.vhere:

g= g r a v i t yc o n s t a n t

4,=d 回sity

o fr o c k

l:~ 同!田 it}'

o f a shock

vave

In 出is

war t h ef i r s ts l a b E H moves

。utwards

away from t h ea x i so fa

cy・

l i n d r i c a lchargeanda n e l v

fr 目 A

Jl Bispr 以Juced.

SOf a ra st h ei n t e n s i t y o ft h eremaining

camp 四回, ve 曲目 k

wave e x c e e d st h et e n s i l e

st 開ngth

o f

r恒 k

t h e s i m i l a r

prace ats it 皿If ,出 us

p r o d u c i n g

the 皿cond

s l a b .t h et h i r ds l a band s oon

I fwe d e f i n e t h ee f f e c t i v el e n g t ho fa s h o c kwaveL

to 出 a leng出 of

as h o c k wnve

who 担 intensity

e x c e e d st h et e n s i l e s t r e n g t h o f r o c k t h e n t h e d e p t h o f a c r . l t e r d r maybe

repre 担nted

byt h e f o l

l o w i n ge q u a t i o n

dr= L 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 6 )

3町} Ku町,

'"鵠 s引ling: τThIs J。叫"'阻 no討比1 , 1げ7, 1お屯向 o.

1 . 2 ̲ 1 1 .

(I印95お')

"

Kuma四。 Hin。似句 v,“I。民cαa同E匂5 。叫g 悶c曲k

f r a g m e n t s a n de h 3 p e

of 由民 k

w a ¥ ' e : i b i d . 1 7 .! ¥ o .

~.

•.

-λ 1. (I~~

4 ‑ 2 . E s t i m a t i o n o f decay

∞nstant

1 1

ThemethodI ,

[ n F i g .2 .a tt h ep e r i p h e r ro fac r a t e r . . l o r B t h e

outwards ∞m岡田 nt

o ft h e i n t e n s i t yo fn shock wave¥ ' e r t i c a lt on f r e e

fa 世 assumed to 匝 the

samc witht h et e n s i l es t r e n g t ho f r o c k

Thenweha , -e

d , I

s a n

nz , =τ/

Jr +l r ‑. . . . . . . . . ( 1) S , =p , ( s i n

«):・...(

8) o r

St=PD~ ,-、.~)

( s i nォ ) :. . . . . . . . . (8r

,“\" . 1 :

町 St= ベ~)下山

=ベ 7会F)"FCF

f9 >

出ベ:)'+1=( ~)日

} n V

ュ E

‑ ‑

・ ム T 2

、 、 E J

R d

(

from(8r weh a ¥ ' e

吋(υsin«?]

11= 一)

r (

IJD 、 (

d ' ¥ 1

J噌L\

' S ;) ¥ If+ , I'))

(

IノIf平I/~\

f叩[一τ~)

Thef o l l o w i n gd a t a

havc 出en ob 凶 n,d

f o r

limesto 田(J oban M山 ng

C o .Kokura Quarryi nKyushu.Japan):

{ A = l e n g t ho fb o r eh o l ed r i l l e dp a r a l l e l t oa

verti田I fc担 face"",4 .5

meter

1.= 加担 1 leng 山 of a 回目 inuous 回c­

t r i d g e = 2 . 7meter

H" = t o t a lweighto ft h ec h l l r g e = 3 . r o O kg

2a=d 四neter

o f

a 回 le=3 .4目 nti·

m e t e r .a‑ 1 . 1cm

Jr=伽は rden

f o raf u l l

crater "", l.5 me 回Z

R=halfo f

b陀ad 由。 f

3 d i t c h ‑ s h a p e d ( 1 1 )

6

(6)

M : m : h 195η Kum :l.O間同 ?

,,-

c r a t e r

H=_I£ 田 Fig_ 2=2 冊m

S,= 怯nsile 5町田 gth

o fr o c k

assumed

to 匝So icS!1 ロぜ

C=vel of 曲目 k

wave

wi 出in

r o c k assumed

4) 阻 be 5.1 ,岨田/'""

,!1 r=densitr o fr o c k

2 田g向n'

1)/>=d 目。 nation pre 田町 e

o f Anuno nG e ( a ュ t i n( S h i nK i r iDynamite)

a回umed: j

t ob e

1田 x 10'kg/cm~

,!1 .=loading d e n s i t y l . 4 5 g / c m '

The

a回vc cn 田 is

o f t e nr e f e r r e d t o i n t h e

pre 詑nt

p a p e randi tmayb ed e s c r i b e d i nt h ef o l l o w i n ga st h e

model

Thenweha"e

"=l /]f芋耳ヨ=〆'!lIll'芋 I窃き=お Occnti­

meter

仰げ~(イ H:)'-O .3oo

世 2p 澗)

句(与)

=1 .'39'と1. 4

4 ‑ 3 . Reducedb u r d e n

Redu 世d

d i s t a n c eo r

redu 団 d

b u r d e nf o r af u l lc r a t e ri s :

D , a 4 L o < 12 >

1却

o r

1),=←=田

,- 1 . 7

2

This

num 町 ical

v a l u e

of 目du 白d

b u r d e n i s

a 回 for

ap a i ro fr o c kande x ュ

pi 田ive

andi s

impor in

t h ed e s i g no f b l a s t i n g . Ont h eb a s i so ft h i s¥ ' a t u ewe cane a s i l ye s t i m a t et h eb u r d e nf o rad i f ュ

ferent of

a

crlindri国t

c h a r g eo r

v>由時国 a,

For

e盟mple

i fwe

u提出 e

r a d i u s o f a c r l i o d r i c a l c h a r g e (ls:5c m ,

出eo

t h eb u r d e ns h o u l db e

d,=1) to= 田 x5= 44Oc m

I t mustb eremembered t h a tt h i s im

凹 rtant

r e l a t i o n h o l d s

th 回目 U国lI y

o n l y i n

the 国民 d 曲 infinitely

l o o g

cl"!i ndri ・ 回 I

c h a r g e w i t ha

fr世 fa居 parallel 佃

t h ea x i so fa

c}'lindri曲I

c h a r g e . S i m i l a r i m p o r t a n t

si 皿山 tude

r e l a t i o nh o l d si nt h e

耳 of'a 叩heri 国 I

c h a r g e

t)

w h i l ei nt h e

回se

o fa

spberi回 I charge 目白山“ 0"

i n d i c a t e sar a d i u so fa

spheri国I

c h a r g e . I n p r a c t i c ei n t e r m e d i a t e

国語 s

mayb eo f t e n r e a l i z e d . Roughly s p e a k i n g when t h e

回目 I

l e n g t h o f a

charge 叶<"

e x c e e d s t h e b u r d e n "d" t h e l lt h ec h a r g e

may 出

assumedt ob e “ cylindrical" w h i l ei nt h e

where

t h et o t a ll e n g t ho fac h a r g e I f ! i ss h o r t e rt h a nab u r d e n J i tmayb e

a由umed

t o

be “ spheri 回I" 匝cou 日 a

s h o c k wave

produ 田d

froma s h o r t

cylindri 回l

c h a r g echanges

i回 form

fromac r l i n d r i c ュ alonei n t oa

spheri回 lone

a st h ed i s t a n c e o fp r o p a g a t i o n

incr 目時 s

andt h i sd e g r e e o fe x p a n s i o n

n羽y 匝 expr es<ョ cd

by t h e

目lative

d i m e n s i o n o f t b e

burden 曲m

p a r e d

wi 出出 e

t o t a ll e n g t ho fane x p l o ュ

s i ¥ ' ec h a r g e .

1)

I np r e v i o u sl i t e r a t u r e so n

blasting 出esc

two

extreme 園田 s

o f "a

∞ncentra皿d

charge"and"a

cylindri 回l

c h a r g e "

have 出-e n

c o n f u s e dn o to n l yi n

t h e o r e t i c a lt r e a t m e n t sb u t

al 日 in

p r a c t i c ュ a ta p p l i c a t i o n sa n t lt h i s

im 凹rtant

r e l a t i o no f. .r e d u c e d

bu 吋en 1) r= ぐ"

which

i sq u i t eu s e f u lh a sb e e n

m凶U田d.

I fwe canc a r e f u U rd i s c r i m i n a t e

betw 田n the 田

twoc a s e smosto ft h ed a t a

descri 出d

i n

p問V閉 bli 回tions

onb l a s t i n gmayb e

U語fuUr

a n a l y s e d

und 匝 ut 山田 d

fromt h e

袋店 ld lX> int

o ft h e

shock 、四 ve

t h e a r " l o f

時 Kumao 間 四 C o n c e n t r a t e dt y p e of 岡 引 E r o u n do fb l a s t i n g : i b i d . 16 , No.3 , p . 4q , F i g

9 .

(刊誌

(7)

[Vol 川氏。 1 p,e苗UTe

o f

a 曲目 k wa 、 e

a tt h eo r i g i n a l

f,目白目 II ,. num 匝r

o fs l a b s K. and" e l o c i t } "o ft h ef i r s ts l a b V I a sf o l l o w s S h o c k \\'II

\,

O t h e o r yo f bl 附 Z 町 with c r l i n d r i c l l lc h o r : s e

b l a s t i n g .

4 ‑ 4 . E s t i m a t i o n o f decay c o n s t a n t I I

Themethod 1 1 8

P.~p"(;)二酌10'(ぷ)'‘

p . 1 9 2

= 3.5キ 3-1

$, 5 5

Es t i m a t i o no ft e n s i l e

st 同n眠hoi

r o c kfrom

reduced 加'd 朗

I fwe

know 曲e

d e t o n a t i o n

'P目 55" 皿 po

o f

an 白pi 曲ive

and

the 日nsUe

s t r e n g t h o fr o c k

S. 出四 we 回 n

c a l c u l a t et h er e ュ

田 d

b u r d e nDrbyt h ee q u a t ! o n ( 1 4 )

va=d ,告 p,

= (

2.~: 為。 )(m- ~)

= 1 . 2 9 8 x

l&I.5=21 3cmjseι

Anothera p p r o x i m a t er e l a t i o nf o raf u l l

口ater may 出 obtaincd

a sf o l l o w sont h e b a s i so fn

h吉田thesis

o fas i n g l er e f l e c キ t i o n . I nF i g .2 .t h ef r o n to f

a 問fleeted

t e n s i o nwave if mustr e a c ht h ea x i so f ac y l i n d r i c a lc h a r g e C t o

rcali 担 a

f u l l crater , then , t h ei n t e n s i t yo fas h o c k

wa 可 e

s h o u l db ee q u a lw i t ht h et e n s i l e

st 毘ngth

o fr o c ka f t e rhavingt r a v e l l e do v e rad i s

t.n 世 and

wehavet h ef o l l o w i n g

同I.

t i o nf o raf u l l

crater 曲nd 山

4‑ 5

S I = P t > ( : I ; r r ( 1 3 )

For a f u l l c r a t e rwcg e tt h e f o l l o w i n g

問lation

1

(守 r

2

ρ

. = =

,I,

α

め α = F D n e d r u b ec u d e R

1

(げ

= 2 Fort h emodelc a s e

(号~)九回

1

‑ 9

The

a回ve

e q u a t i o n

may 匝 u田d

t oe s

uπlate

p r a c t i c a lt e n s i l es t r e n g t ho fr o c k

becau 皿 we

canc a l c u l a t et h ed e t o n a t i o n

pres 叫re

1 )

/1

a tl e a s ta p p r o x i m a t e l yw h i l e wecan

deterττline

t h e" a l u eo fDro r

fむ

b yb l a s t i n g

experimen 回。 For e四mple

R

、Nestwaler8)

h a s g i v e n t h e f o l l o w i n g v a l u e sf o rd i a m e t e r s

of 加国 and

b u r d e n s w i t h P o l a r Ammon G e l i g n i t e f o r p a r t i c u l a r r o c k s o f

thr 明 degrees

s t r e n g t h

Wehave

f悶悶 (14)

D r =

whα担 value

i sa c o n s t a n tf o rap a i ro f r o c k and e x p l o s i v e

irres 回目 i\'e

o f t h e

a民栂 lute

v a l u e so f

burd 釘1

e l r o rr a d i u so f ac y l i n d r i c a l

charge 白 α"

Fromt h ee q u a t i o n ( 1 3) wemayf i n dt h e v a l u eo f

/I

a sf o l l o w s :

( 1 4 )

均( ~~) 句(~:'

)

.ny

。f

s,~( ヲ缶 )L

o

。) R . Westw a!町 Mine & Qu a r r yE n g i n e e r i n g : J u l y 19~. p . 2M.

r 】曲 xlO ・、

l o g l

-:;.,; τr 一一 l

,---'

ーマーで.!...-=1.5·1

f

ih1出!

町 I 1 . 7 )

I nt h e f o l l o w i n g c a l c u l a t i o n s t h e v a l u e o f"

may 出 assumed to 出 η=1.5

Once we have known t h e n u m e r i c a l v a l u eo f

I~ 山 we may 回lculate

t h e

,

o ri nt h e

ca 揖 a加ve

mentioned

,

(8)

九:Iarch 1 9 5 7 ) KumaoH i n o

T n b l cI . Estimal 附 n o ft e n s i l es t r c o R t hfmmr e d u c e db u r d e n

9

1 1 inch ー ナ プ . - . r

N。

2

日叩削 cr o fb o r eh o l e2 "

I Ii n c h 3 5 . 2

BnnleηIn ft 酬,"

0 1 4 . 0

s

9 6 . 0

~2.5

6

l l : i . 3

ι省

T e n s i l es t r e n g t hS r (Calculated) 、 8 l. Jk 民 om ・

"曲 g, cm' 判。二 kg , cm:

P

I'may 匝 assumed

t o b e 1 5 5 ) (

lO )kg/cm~

(reee 陀n目(

2 サ

Ca l c u l a t e d t e n s i l e

st 閃ngths

o f

thr 匝

k i n d so f

r凹ks

showni nT a b l e 1 . ( t h el a s t l i n e )

m町 considered to 匝 within

r e a s o n ab l er a n g e

5 、:V ork

doneb yexpansiono fgases Thee f f e c t so fe x p a n s i o no f

ga 記s

p r o ュ d u c e db yd e t o n a t i o no fane x p l o s i v ec h a r g e

may 恒 divided

i n t ot h r e e

p帥ses

t h a ti s (1) movemento fs t e n u n i n g ( 2 )b l o w i n g o u t t h r o u g h

a 加re

h o l e ( 3 )f u r t h e re x ュ p a n s i o no f

g<l日 s

which

ac 凹lerates

f r a g キ mentso fr o c ki np a r t

while 田me

o ft h e

目 ous

p r o d u c t sexpandt h r o u g hab o r e h o l eand

s回目 s bctw 田 n

f r a g m e n t sw i t h o u td o i n gworko fa c c e l e r a t i o no ff r a g m e n t s . I n p h a s e ( 1 ) t h eg a s e s

may

a田山間 d

t o b e working w i t h i na

cl。担d

四ndition

w h i l ei n

p加盟 s

( 2 )and

(句、、, e

mustd e a lw i t hag r e a tamounto fl e a k ュ ageo f

ga 盟S

5 ‑ 1 . Movemento fstemming

Thet i m e t .

ne 世 Y

t op r o d u c ea l l p a s ュ s i b l e

sla 国 due

t oa c t i o n

of 曲ock

wave may b e r e p r e s e n t e d by t h e f o l l o w i n g e q u a t i o n

2(1 ,

t F d ( 1 6 ]

f o rt h e

m凶el 回

9

2x150

f.=

ー ~O 訓加号沼田 c

574αxl

=0 . 5

mi Ui nd

Thew e i g h to fstemming 11',

=11',, :1 , 11. . ( 1 7 )

wherea = r a c l i u so fab o r eh o l e l . = l e n g t ho fstemming .d, =density o f

sten 沼町 ng

o r

l九 =3 .1 415

x

1.7~

x(4 5 0 ‑ 2 7 0 )x 2 . 6

=4250gram

I nt h i s

ca 盟 we

d e a l w i t h o n e d i m e n ュ t i o n a lm o t i o no ft h es t e n u n i n g which i s assumedt oformar i g i d p i s t o nandan e x p a n s i o no f

g<l盟 Sη Le t

u s

u皿 the

f o l l o w i n gn o t a t i o n s

F. ~=work

d o n eb y

ga 担sat displa 四一

ment2o ft h estemming

.1 事=work

donea g a i n s tt h eb a l a n c ュ

問g pre 誼ure

p . o fstemmingp l u s a t m o s p h e r i cp r e s s u e

仏=velocity

o fmovable

rna 闘争 ν

L . = k i n e t i c

en 町gy

o ft h e

rna 田 .11

Then ,

E.=Aa+L~

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 1 8 )

E F j : ; M v j : q p L d h

JtTb-( ごf' J

り C.

Ramsancr , A n n .d . Ph}' ,. \023 , p .

26~J

(9)

1 0 S h o c kwa ‘ 'e t h e o r yo fb l a s t i n gw i t hc y l i n d r i c a lc h a r g e ( V o l .1 8No.1 wheret ' = v o l u m eo f

ga 匝S. l'o=io 注目 l

valu 皿e

k=indexo fp o l y t r o p i ce x p a n s i o n

.I..=pz( らー t':.)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 2 0 )

‑ ' I

L . . =

-~C:~...(21)

T h e r e f o r e

:ォ [1-(

: : : f J

I I

=p.(r

",

-t' ,.,)+ ' 2 C. .

!

. . . . . . . . . . ( 2 2 )

H

れ mnx.= """'O了寸ー ( 2 3 ) Thep r e s e n tp r o b l e mi st of i n dt h ev a l u e s o ft ' . .and1 ) . .a tt i m e f ,. We

t.i且 the

f o l ュ l o w i n gn o t a t i o n

C..= 吾 may 岬

" . ( r . . ‑ l ' p )t oaf i r s ta p p r o x i m a t i o n .

the ロ,

t h ee q u a t i o n( 2 2 )may be w r i t t e na sf o l l o w s

( i x 2

f 陶旬、r. /:x.\" ーっ

つγ~ , ‑ ' I I 0 ' 1 J L 1 ‑ I . ) I

(24)

where z , =length o fac h a r g e

A c c o r d i n gt oH .J o n e s ' )andA .R .M i l l e r t h en u m e r i c a lv a l u e so f J . : =r f o rTNTo f s p e c i f i c

v山間 (τ= よ)

s m a l l e r t h a n

1 . 1 3 6( o rd e n s i t yh i g h e rt h a n

&.=0 曲)

i s

a加ut

3 . 0 . L e tu s

a田町 nc

k = 3 . Thee q u a ュ t i o n( 2 4 )mar b e

c::-" l) r田昌 d

a s

folio 時

d.

J

.~/(性)[1-(ザ]

( ! H. J o n e sa n dA .R .M i l l e r : The

deωnation

。 f 副 id e:t plosi" 白;

P r o c : . R o r a l s o c . A .1 3 4 .

“-.

(I匂ヲ》

. d ,

-'--"':'~;- (:z: ~-z.~)

P. 句

I fwe

introdu 世 a

new¥ ' a r i a b l e : X = : z : !

• .• JX

-:r.~. 出en , :z:dz=ヲ::.... and 明 have

dX c i t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 2 7 ) t i t . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 2 6 )

2./); 初旬空 x

1aU

I n t e g r a t i o no ft h ee q u a t i o n( 2 7 )g i v e s 1

X'=件const...(28)

I7 '

1>

1 ' "

} '‑ ‑ x i

A t 1=0 , Z=ZD , z=O ,

then ∞nst.=O.

o r

F

めZ

w d知 h m一 川 地 問 伽

E J J 一

= 一 ゎ

4 J m m w 器

¥ ¥ ' ch a v e : PD

t'

n = 9 0 : <1 0 '

‑ ' 1

Z= ,/ n筑)()+24570

o r : Z : ‑ : Z : .=42em

Ast h et o t a l l e n g t ho ft h estemmingi s

I田em"

42em o fstemming i sblowno u t a t

1,=0 叩0522see.

At t h i s moment t h e volumeo fg a s e si s

l' c1=1' ,, =3 .1 415xl 戸 X 312cm~=2810em'

and t h e

pre 昌ure

o f

ga 田S

,

.一、 Y

lJc1=1 , ..=lJ J1{

--:子)

0 0 . . . . 0 . . 0 . . 0 . . ( 3 1 )

、‘.

,

o r

lJc ,=p., =1 曲X103(32)'= ル 1町/

5 ‑ 2 . Blowingo u t

thr 四gh a 回目 hole

At

t= ん ~O 償却 522 語c.

t h e v e l o c i t yo f

t h e

middle 凹 int

o ft h el a s ts l a bwhich

1 0

(10)

M a r c i l1 9 5 7 ) Kuma

l)Hin 。

I I

i st h en e a r e s tt ot h ec r u s h e dz o n ci sa s f o l l o w s

九~(ゐ)(パ ι) ぼ〕

o r

n

(2x9岨 xlO問、 1___ 5 、

円~I "τ7τ=π古島If

¥2. 192‑: x551

{ j 3 x57·叫00 J¥‑" 2

, "

wI

=1 . 2 9 8 x 5 5 . 5 = 7 2 c m / s e c .

At t i m c t ) t h e stemming i s a l l blowD o u to f

a 加re

h o l eandt h e

ga 坦 s

b e g i nt o expand

f世田 Iy

O l l to ft h i s opening ,

that 沼田

o u to fab o r eh o l e . Thet i m eI

Q

may b e

ob 回 I

from

(29) 田 follo\\'s

ら-,午豆::--(,z

, f l

f)

tiD

~-Zf:)

Z

:c=[~ ,

,z1l =[...(3 ..J)

'一一

町九 -J/9船田叫0

50 (剖'-270')

=/36品 x 国側

=0 曲盟国C

T h e r e f o r e we may

a由ume

t h a t j u s t a f t e rt h e s h o c k

wa 、 e

h a s f i n i s h e d t h e worko fp r o d u c i n g

sla 出 thc ga 田S 国gon

t oblowouto f

a 加re

h o l e . Att h i smo menta l lo ft h es l a b sh a sb e c n

already 担t

i n motionoutwardsdue t o t h cmomenュ tumg i v c nbyt h es h o c k

\\'町 c

and

hen 但

for 目 the pre 出ure

o f

日 S 出gin

t ob e r e d u c e d' q u i t e

rapidly 回 use ga 盟 s

blow o u to fab o r ch o l eanda l s oblow

thr 凶gh

gaps between fragments formed from s l a b s .

Be cau 皿 of the 田 ci

r c u m s t a n c e st h e

e符'ect

o f

e叩a田ion

o f

ga 且s

on

bias 山og

seems 凶 be

q u i t es m a l l e rthanh a s

bE提 u

e x p e c t e dt o

be 田 far

Ther a t eo fb l o w i n go u to f

a 加re

b o l e

may 匝 estimated

a sf o l l o w s

I f wen e g l e c tt h ei n c r e a s eo ft h evolume duet oa

crushed 回ne

t h evolumeo f

ga 担s

a t

t= 九 is

a sf o l l o w s

t')= 7( Q~{ 1I ...(詰〉

where

九=

l e n g t ho fb o r eh o l e

。r 1·)=3.14xl.7 ヨ x4 却 =4 開Ocma pr es.:刻 re

o f

ga 日s

a t

"

.

,

,畑、

向=仰\

,;

)・〈謁〉

(270¥ a

。r l)~=l60xlO~x l石)

= 3 8 . 3x

lO~kg/cm~

Ther a t eo f

flowing 出r叫gh

anopening w i t ha

Beほtional

a r e a. ‑ 1i sg i v e n byt h e f o l l o w i n ge q u a t i o n

ψ 向 A /一-

Q=~/

; f ; ' ; '

=和ijtm

where

'/:=0 師向 and

1 ,:>, =specific volume o fgas

o r

Q=0.6 芯 x3 .l 4x 1. 7~x

「甜百五 TO~x l(削 x副阪百花。

, ‑ 4曲。ーー一一

=1105kg/sec

Thet o t a lt i m eo fd i s c h a r g e' } 'o fg a s e s throughab o r eh o l emayb ee s t i m a t e dby t h ef o l l o w i n g

therm 吋yn 印叫田(

e q u a t i o n

{ト I)A(g ,,( ム)宮内会内 .a

((:;, ).1j

鯵-,

fo吋 =1 .4,

' J ' = 0 . 0 4 4 5 s e c .and

for 必 =3.

1'=

1 . 8 1 s e c

As t h e v e l o c i t i e s o f t h e f i r s t and t h e

皿cond

s l a b sa r eh i g h e rthant h a to ft h e l a s t ( t h i r d ) s l a b t h e a r e a s o f opening formedb } 't h ef i r s tandt h e

母国 nd

s l a b s a r ew i d e rthant h a tduet ot h el a s ts l a b andt h e

ga 配s

expand i n t oo u t e ratmos

的]. Co r n e r ; Th 回 r)' o ft h eI n t e r i o r &Ili sti 図

o fG U l i S ; New York , J o h nW i l e y & So ns , I n c

19S~.

p .

~. Interior

&1I 3 s t i c so f Le a k i n g

G u n s )

(11)

1 2 S h o c kW i l l i e th 回 ry o fb l a s t i n gw i t hc y l i n d r i c a l c J mrgc ( V o l .1 8No.1

帥 erc

running

the. 叫 gh

t h e s e openings w h i l et h e ymay

give 回me

o ft h e i rm o ュ

m朗tum

t o t h e fragmentsa l r e a d y

pr か

duccd

and 日t

i nmotionby

a 由ock

wave

Mo 同over 出e ex 凹 nding

g a s e s may go

int 。叩 a田s

fannedamongt h efirst , t h e s e c o n dandt h e l a s t

sla 回 the pr 田ー 四roe

a c t i n gonfragmentsmayb e

bat 師団 d

onb o t h

sid 田 of

eachfragments

and 山崎

町tuation

mayr e d u c et h eamounto f

n昨

mentumg i v e nt ot h efragmentsfromt h e

ga 首s. At 田r rale 出e

part p l a y e d by ane x p a n s i o no f

ga 世s

i nb l a s t i n go f

r官k

m町 much small 町出 an

i t

has 国en

a田umed

t o

be 田 far.

We

may 田timate 出e vel田川 of

t h e whole

rna 田 of

r o c kdetached fromt h e grounda sf o l l o w s . Themaximum

avail ・

a b l e

en 町gy 台om

an

expl 由日 Ie

chargei s a sf o l l o w s

1 ) / 1 l ' n

F: rn-,1<.= r ; '

.~'

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 2 3 ) k‑l

(l団)l'

1 0 ' ) (

l000g/' 四l~»)( 24 却em'

o r

E同払- 3-1

=19 曲 .10 守gtem

T o t a )

ron 由。 f

r o c kbroken Rdl ,.. . d

h ナ:!!. ...(謁〉

Thent h emaximumv e l o c i t y V o f

rna 田

. I I mayb e : : I Sf o l l o w s

fJ'ml ,.宮古 .uP...

。r

1'=,

E~.,.:g~2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 4 0 )

~

l i d i l l . . d r

一一 19国王 10・ .9回

。r 1'=1.41.1 ,寸刻司窃百百万E -J 山6

) (

10 'an/5l' きc_l0.5m/sec

This may be t h e

maxim 山富 addi 針。 n.1 vel 配 ity of 出em. 田 of

rock i ft h e r eb e nol e a k a g eo f

ga 担S 出rough

c r a c k sand

1 2

ab o r eh o l e

5 ‑ 3 . F u n c t i o n so fstemming

F u n c t i o n so fstemming i n b l a s t i n go f r o c kmayd i v i d e di n t of o u rp h a s e s

(1)

Stemming 匹、 k田 detonation

o fan

expl 田i\'e

charge

more ∞mp!et e.

S t r o n g e r i s

the 回nfin 白 eπ >0<0∞ mplete bec O'羽田 the

d e t o n a t i o no fane x p l o s i v e chargeandt h ev a l u eo fd e t o n a t i o np r e s

叫re

P

I)

approaches t o t h e

th 田retical

v a l u e

(2 >

St釘nmmg mcr担割弱 the

e f f e c t i v e

leng 由。 f

shockwave

produ 由d

by

de 岡田

t i o n . Thee f f e c t i v e

leng 出 L

o fa

曲目k

wavemaydependsn o to n l yonana b s o ュ J u t ev a l u eo fd e t o n a t i o np r e s s u r eP

I)

b u t

.1 田 e

d u r a t : o n o f high

pr 国組問

which i sgoverned

al 田 by

t h ei n t e n s i t y o f “ back

pre田町e·・ which m町民副gh町

、.vith

s t r o n g e rstemming

(3) Stemming i n c r e a s e si n i t i a l

pr 田­

s u r eo f

gas 曲 the mom 凹t

o ft h eb e g i n

即時 of

workdonea g a i n s tr o c k . B e f o r e a

曲目k

wave

produ 目s sla 出 which

r e a c h

the 凹sition

o fan e x p l o s i v echarget h e highp r e s s u r eg a s e sc a n n o t performe f ュ f e c t i v c worko fe x p a n s i o na g a i n s t

r田k

I t t a k e stime

2 < l

t , = 1 7 0 1 >

f o ra s h o c k wav et o

prαluce

f u l l

sIn 出

whered=burden , U=vclocityo fashock

、,vave.

Du r i n gt h i stimc t , t h c

pre 田u ,e

o f

go.冒 s

mayber e d u c e dt oal o w e rv a l u e p . andt h camounto fp r e s s u r er e d u c t i o n (pn‑14)

dep 白ds

ont h estemming , t h a t is , t o t a l weight o f stemming nnd t h e

friction 匝tween

t h e ¥V aUo f

a 加問 hole

andstemming. Thel a t t e rmay b ed e s キ

en 民謡

by t h e { a l l o w i n g e q u a t i o n s f o r

stemming

(12)

March

J95' 司 Kom 回出 m

1 3 P =C ' e l ' J . . . . ( 4 2 ) ( Y .

Shimomura l')

wh 町e

P = r e s i s t a n c eduet ostemming C=constant

。 =base

o fn a t u r a ll o g a r i t h m K=constant

J . = l e n g t ho fstemming

o r

p= 九 C

I f . . . . . . ( 4 3 )

(J τ'a ylor ll)

Po=constant

μ=friction

c o e f f i c i e n t d=diametero fb o r eh o l e

At

a回目 time

f , t h es l a b s formedbya s h o c kwavea r e i na movablec o n d i t i o n andt h ee x p a n s i o no fg a s e swithani n i t i a l

pc 邑sure 伶, perfo work

o fa d d i t i o n a l a c c e l e r a t i o no fr o c kf r a g m e n t a t i o n

(4) U s u a l l ya tane a r l i e r

s回ge

o fex p a n s i o n o f

ga 田s stemm 田g

may be a l r e a d ya l l

blown 凹t

o fab o r eh o l e . Howュ e v e rt h e r emay b e s m a l lc o n t r i b u t i o nfrom t h estemmingt o t h e i n c r e a s e o f work donebye x p a n s i o no fg a s e s

The i m p o r t a n t f u n c t i o n so f

st 回nmmg

i nb l a s t i n gmay be( 1 ) . (2) , ( 3 )andn o t ( 4 ) . The

stag 田(1).

(2) and( 3 )may be

r田!i red

w i t h i nane x t r e m e l ys h o r t

peri 叫

o ft i m e .f o re x a m p l e .w i t h i n

a加ut

b a l i

millis 町m吋 as

i sshownbyt h ef o l l o w i n g r e l a t i o n

2x 1 . 5meter

-0 田町 ;22 時c.

o r 5 7 4 Om e t e r / s e c

O.5milli 団 nd

B伎コ ause

o ft h i se x t r e m e l ys h o r tp e r i o d o ff u n c t i o nevenas m a l lamountofstem mingmay be e x t r a o r d i n a r i l ye f f e c t i v ei n b l a s t i n g

1 0 )Y . S h i m o m u r a : J o u r n a lo ft h eM i n i n gI n s t i t u t eo fJ a p a n . 1942 , No\' , p . 6 'n

I I )J .T a y l o r : M i n i n gE n g i n e e r .

Vol ,

" "

ァ 6 . Simultaneousb l a s t sands e l e c t i o nof s p a c i n g & betweentwoboreh o l e s I n F i g .4 .s p a c i n g S o

bctw 田11

two

cy~

I i l l d r i c a lc h a r g e s 0 1 andC :i sd e f i n e dby

z m

一平……十

ち〈卦"借地毛 ー-(-告尚.

-f3,, 1

O elZJ)3Cコ

W均喝骨ゥオ胃7事~.:_- "'-"""""~‘ M ・,

£長二…: F i g . : 3 quence o f e\'en 匂 in bl 田 ting

'.・ ro O'

H +

54-一一」

~疋ドフ;;-;;;こ勺京高三(↑〉よ

1

'

C , .

u ・ d 出

",.., ηI~,:..:山町・

c .• . . I .

M 出 . .

.

<

r ll a1r. a ・1 ・lU"f'

4‑‑‑

'.・句"国・.,

. . . . J

F i R . ' ; . Se l e c t i o no f Sp :l cing 守♂

参照

関連したドキュメント

Since we are interested in bounds that incorporate only the phase individual properties and their volume fractions, there are mainly four different approaches: the variational method

のようにすべきだと考えていますか。 やっと開通します。長野、太田地区方面  

The limiting phase trajectory LPT has been introduced 3 as a trajectory corresponding to oscillations with the most intensive energy exchange between weakly coupled oscillators or

OFFI CI AL SCORE CERTI FI CATE GTEC (4技能) (CBT可). Test Repor t For m I ELTS™(Academi c

In the section we investigate the connection between DF-valued holomorphic mappings of uniformly bounded type on DF-spaces and the linear topological invariants (LB ∞ ) and (DN ).

Q is contained in the graph of a

創業当時、日本では機械のオイル漏れを 防ぐために革製パッキンが使われていま

[r]