PSSA㸦≉ูᩄឤỈᇦࠊ Particularly Sensitive Sea Area㸧࡜࠸࠺≉ูࡢᾏᇦࡢタᐃࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⏕ࡌࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜

(1)

බᾏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪂᮲⣙⟇ᐃ

̿ࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚̿

▼ᶫࠉྍዉ⨾

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

ࠉ௒᪥ࠊࡼࡾ⊃࠸ࠕබᾏࠖ࡬ࠊࡑࢇ࡞ኚ໬ࡀ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡉࡽ࡟ᛴ㏿࡟㉳ࡇࡾࡘࡘ࠶

ࡿࠋබᾏࡣࠊᅜᐙࡢ⟶㎄ᶒእࡢ༊ᇦ㸦ABNJ; Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㛗࠸

㛫ࠊබᾏ⮬⏤ࡢཎ๎࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᨭ㓄ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᮏ✏ࡢ➹⪅ࡣ࠿ࡘ࡚ࠊᮏ᮶⮬⏤࡞౑⏝

ࡀチᐜࡉࢀࡿࡣࡎࡢබᾏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡑࡢ⮬⏤ࢆ㜼ࡴࡼ࠺࡞ᾏᇦࡢタᐃࠊ

PSSA㸦≉ูᩄឤỈᇦࠊ Particularly Sensitive Sea Area㸧࡜࠸࠺≉ูࡢᾏᇦࡢタᐃࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⏕ࡌࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜

࡟ὀ┠ࡋࠊ௒ᚋࡣࠊ⎔ቃಖㆤࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕᾏࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅜᐙࡢ୺ᶒࡸ୺ᶒⓗᶒ฼ࡢไ㝈ࡀ

⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ண ࡋࡓ¹⁾ࠋ

ࠉPSSA࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊIMOࡀ୺ᑟࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕ែ⣔ࡀ≉ู࡟⬤ᙅ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿᾏᇦ࡟タᐃࡉࢀࡿ

ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢ⠊ᅖࡣࠊᙜึ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㡿ᾏࡸ᥋⥆Ỉᇦࠊᗈࡀࡗࡓ࡜

ࡋ࡚ࡶ᤼௚ⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦࡢ୍㒊࡟␃ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

ࠉྠ⪃ᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࠊࠕබᾏࠖ࡬ࡢ≉ูᾏᇦࡢタᐃࡣࠊࡑࢀ࡯࡝⌧ᐇⓗ࡞㑅ᢥ⫥࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ

⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ

PSSA

࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⮬ᅜࡢ㡿ᾏࡸ᤼௚ⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ௚ᅜ ࡀ᭷ࡍࡿᶒ฼㸦ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ↓ᐖ㏻⯟ᶒࡸ⯟⾜ࡢ⮬⏤࡞࡝㸧ࡀ୙ᙜ࡟౵ᐖࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࠊ

⏕ែ⣔ࡢ⬤ᙅᛶࢆಖㆤࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᭱ᑠ㝈ࡢไ⣙ࢆㄢࡍ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᕤኵࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᅜ㐃 ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࠕᾏࠖࡢ⛛ᗎࡢ᰿ᖿࢆᦂࡿࡀࡍࡶࡢ࡜ࡲ࡛ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

1.

ࠕබᾏࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㈨※⟶⌮࡜ᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙

2. ᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙ࡢ᪉ྥᛶ

ࠉ2-1ᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡢୗ࡛ࡢ᪂᮲⣙ࡢ⠊ᅖࠊせ⣲ཬࡧᐇ⌧ᛶ ࠉ2-2ᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢබᾏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿタ⨨

ࠉ2-3 ࡑࡢᚋࡢ㐍ᒎ

3. ண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜⛉Ꮫⓗ㈨※⟶⌮

ࠉ3-1 ண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡟せồࡉࢀࡿ୍ᐃࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐ

ࠉ3-2 බᾏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿάື࡟㛵ࡍࡿ

EIA

ࡢ⌧⾜ㅖไᗘ࡜ᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙

࠾ࢃࡾ࡟

(2)

ࡓ²⁾ࠋ

ࠉࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௒᪥࡛ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᾏࠖࡢ⛛ᗎ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢᵓ㐀ࢆ኱ࡁ ࡃኚᐜࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢືࡁࡣࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟ࠕබᾏࠖࡢ㒊ศ࡟࠾࠸

࡚ぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿࠋ

ࠉ௒᪥࡛ࡶࠊ࠸ࢃࡤࠕᾏࡢ᠇ἲࠖ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࠕᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࠖࡢୗ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛බ ᾏࡣ⮬⏤࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ཎ๎ࡀ㈏࠿ࢀ㸦බᾏࡣࠊἢᓊᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ෆ㝣ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆၥࢃࡎࠊࡍ࡭

࡚ࡢᅜ࡟㛤ᨺࡉࢀࡿ㸦87᮲㸧㸧ࠊྠ᮲⣙࡟࠾࠸࡚⎔ቃಖㆤ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⯡つᐃࡣᏑࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸦192 ᮲㸧ࠊᾏὒ㈨※⟶⌮ࡢࡓࡵබᾏ౑⏝ࡢ୍⯡ⓗไ㝈ࡸ⚗Ṇ࡟ࡲ࡛┤᥋㋃ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔ᮲㡯ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞

࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௚᪉࡛ࠊබᾏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ㈨※⟶⌮ࡢᚲせᛶࡢㄆ㆑ࡣᚎࠎ࡟ᙉࡲࡾࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ

࡚ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢᆅᇦⓗᶵ㛵㸦࠸ࢃࡺࡿ

REFOs;Regional Fisheries Management Organizations㸧ࡸ

≉ᐃ㨶✀ࡢ㈨※⟶⌮࡟㝈ᐃࡍࡿᙧᘧ࡛ࡢ᮲⣙ࡢ⟇ᐃࡣ㐍ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ༡ᴟᾏὒ⏕≀

㈨※ಖᏑጤဨ఍㸦CCAMLR㸧ࠊࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁಖᏑጤဨ఍㸦CCSBT㸧ࠊᆅ୰ᾏ⁺ᴗ୍⯡ጤဨ఍

㸦GFCM㸧ࠊ඲⡿⇕ᖏࡲࡄࢁ㢮ጤဨ఍㸦IATTC㸧ࠊ໭す኱すὒ⁺ᴗᶵ㛵㸦NAFO㸧ࠊ໭ኴᖹὒ࡟࠾

ࡅࡿ⁋Ἑᛶ㨶㢮ጤဨ఍㸦NPAFC㸧ࠊ༡ᮾ኱すὒ⁺ᴗᶵ㛵㸦SEAFO㸧㸧ࠊ୰す㒊ኴᖹὒࡲࡄࢁ㢮ጤ ဨ఍㸦WCPFC㸧ࠊ༡࢖ࣥࢻὒ⁺ᴗ༠ᐃ㸦SIOFA㸧ࠊ࣮࣋ࣜࣥࢢබᾏ⁺ᴗ᮲⣙㸦CCBSP㸧ࠊ໭ኴᖹ ὒ⁺ᴗጤဨ఍㸦NPFC㸧ࠊ኱すὒࡲࡄࢁ㢮ಖᏑጤဨ఍㸦ICCAT㸧ࠊ࢖ࣥࢻὒࡲࡄࢁ㢮ጤဨ఍㸦IOTC㸧

࡞࡝ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ≉ᐃ㨶✀ࡢಖᏑ⟶⌮ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ᆅᇦⓗ࡞㈨※⟶⌮ࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ³⁾ࠋ ࠉࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᆅᇦⓗᶵ㛵ࡢ⟶⌮࡛ࡣ฿ᗏ༑ศ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࡢࡣ୍ぢࡋ࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ௒᪥࡛ࡣࠊࠕᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࠖࡢୗ࡟ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞᮲⣙ࢆ⟇ᐃࡋࠊࡇࡢ࠸ࢃࡤࠕἲࡢḞ

⨃ࠖ≧ែࢆᨵၿࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ືࡁࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡘ࠸࡟ᮏᖺ

2015

ᖺ

1

᭶࡟ᮏ᱁໬ࡋࡓ⁴⁾ࠋ⌧᫬Ⅼ࡛

ࡣࠊ≉ᐃࡢ㨶✀ࡸ㈨※࡟㝈ᐃࡏࡎࠊᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※඲యࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟ࠊᾏὒ⏕≀㑇ఏ㈨※ࡲ࡛ࢆࡶྵ

ࡴ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼ࡀ୺ὶ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠࡶ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ㄆ

㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊಖㆤࡢ㔜せ࡞ᡭẁ࡜ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᾏὒಖㆤ༊㸦MRAs;

Marine Protected Areas㸧ࡢタ⨨ࡸࠊ✀ࠎࡢάື࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯㸦EIA㸧ࠊࡲࡓ࡜ࡃ࡟㑇ఏ

㈨※ࡢಖ඲⟶⌮ࡢⅬ࡛ࡑࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞฼⏝࡜฼┈ࡢඹ᭷࡞࡝࡟ࡘࡁ࠸࠿࡟ἲⓗ࡟ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࡢ

࠿ࠊὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࠉࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕබᾏࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࡢኚ໬ࡣࠊࡼࡾ╔ᐇ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ஦ᐇࠊ

2009

ᖺ࡟༡ᴟᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ಖᏑጤဨ఍㸦CCAMLR;Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic

Marine Living Resources㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ึࡵ࡚බᾏୖ࡟タᐃࡉࢀࡓᾏὒಖㆤ༊࡟⥆ࡁࠊ2010

ᖺ

9

᭶

23

᪥࡜

24

᪥ࠊࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢ࣋ࣝࢤ࡛ࣥ㛤࠿ࢀࡓ࢜ࢫࣃ࣮ࣝ᮲⣙㸦໭ᮾ኱すὒᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤ᮲⣙㸧

➨

3

ᅇ㛶൉఍ྜ࡛ࡣࠊ6ࡘࡶࡢᾏὒಖㆤ༊㸦⥲㠃✚㸸28୓

5000km

²㸧ࡢタ⨨ࡀබᾏୖ࡟࡞ࡉࢀ

࡚࠸ࡿ⁵⁾ࠋࡶࡋ௒ᚋࠊᅜ㐃ࡀྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞᪉ྥ࡟⯦ࢆྲྀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊᾏὒἲࡢṔྐ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ

(3)

࠿ࡘ࡚࡞࠸⏬ᮇⓗ࡞ኚ㠉ࢆ⏕ࡴฟ᮶஦࡜࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠉ

ࠕබᾏࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㈨※⟶⌮࡜ᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙

ࠉබᾏࡢ⁺ᴗ㈨※ࡢಖㆤ࣭⟶⌮ࢆᐃࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠕᅜ㐃බᾏ⁺ᴗ༠ᐃࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽ

ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠ᮲⣙ࡣ

2001

ᖺ࡟Ⓨຠࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊබᾏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⁺ᴗ㈨※ࠊࡦ࠸࡚ࡣ⏕≀㈨※࡟ಀ

ࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢ㠃࡛ࠊ࠸࠿࡞ࡿ㒊ศࡀ୙㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ

ࠉබᾏࡢ㈨※ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ῝ᾏᗏ㸦ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢἢᓊᅜࡢ኱㝣Ჴࡢእഃ࡟࠶ࡗ࡚࠸ࡎࢀࡢᅜࡢ⟶㎄ᶒࡶ

ཬࡤ࡞࠸ᾏᗏཬࡧࡑࡢୗ㸧ࡢ㖔≀㈨※ࡢ㛤Ⓨ⾜Ⅽ࡜ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㛤Ⓨ⾜Ⅽ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡌᚓࡿᾏὒởᰁ࡟

ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡀ⮬ࡽヲ⣽࡞つᐃࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡜ࡃ࡟ࠊබᾏࡢ῝ᾏᗏࡢ㈨※ࡣࠊࠕே

㢮ඹྠࡢ㈈⏘㸦common heritage of mankind㸧ࠖ࡜ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ㛤Ⓨࡣࠊᅜ㝿ᾏᗏᶵᵓ㸦ISA㸧ࡢ チྍࡢୗ࡟࡞ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸦ᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙➨

11

㒊ࡢᐇ᪋༠ᐃ㸧ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠕ῝ᾏᗏ࡟

࠾ࡅࡿάື࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᙜヱάື࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ࡎࡿ᭷ᐖ࡞ᙳ㡪࠿ࡽࡢᾏὒ⎔ቃࡢຠᯝⓗ࡞ಖㆤࢆ☜

ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ᮲⣙࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁᚲせ࡞ᥐ⨨ࢆ࡜ࡿࠋᶵᵓࡣࠊࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ≉࡟ࠊḟࡢ஦㡯࡟㛵ࡍ

ࡿ㐺ᙜ࡞つ๎ཬࡧᡭ⥆ࢆ᥇ᢥࡍࡿࠋ㸦a㸧ᾏὒ⎔ቃ㸦ἢᓊࢆྵࡴࠋ㸧ࡢởᰁࡑࡢ௚ࡢ༴㝤ࡢ㜵Ṇࠊ

㍍ῶཬࡧつไ୪ࡧ࡟ᾏὒ⎔ቃࡢ⏕ែᏛⓗᆒ⾮࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙳ㡪ࡢ㜵Ṇࠊ㍍ῶཬࡧつไࠋ≉࡟ࠊ࣮࣎

ࣜࣥࢢࠊࡋࡹࢇࡏࡘࠊ᥀๐ࠊᗫᲠ≀ࡢฎศࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢάື࡟ಀࡿ᪋⯡ࠊࣃ࢖ࣉࣛ࢖ࣥࡑࡢ௚ࡢ

⿦⨨ࡢᘓタࠊ㐠⏝ཬࡧ⥔ᣢ➼ࡢάື࡟ࡼࡿ᭷ᐖ࡞ᙳ㡪࠿ࡽࡢಖㆤࡢᚲせᛶ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚≉ูࡢὀព ࡀᡶࢃࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㸦E㸧῝ᾏᗏࡢኳ↛㈨※ࡢಖㆤཬࡧಖᏑ୪ࡧ࡟ᾏὒ⎔ቃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᳜

≀┦ཬࡧື≀┦࡟ᑐࡍࡿᦆᐖࡢ㜵Ṇࠖ㸦 ᮲㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕≀㈨※ࡢಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ≉ูࡢつᐃ

ࡶ⨨࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࠉ௚᪉࡛ࠊ῝ᾏᗏ௨እࡢබᾏࡢ⏕≀㈨※ࡢሙྜࠊබᾏ㖔≀㈨※ࡢሙྜࡢࡼ࠺࡞ヲ⣽࡞ᐇ᪋つ ᐃࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ1995ᖺᅜ㐃බᾏ⁺ᴗ༠ᐃࡢ⟇ᐃ࡟⮳ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺⤒⦋ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋణ ࡋࠊྠ༠ᐃࡣࠊࡑࡢṇᘧྡ⛠ࢆࠕศᕸ⠊ᅖࡀ᤼௚ⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦࡢෆእ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ㨶㢮㈨※㸦ࢫ ࢺࣛࢻࣜࣥࢢ㨶㢮㈨※㸧ཬࡧ㧗ᗘᅇ㐟ᛶ㨶㢮㈨※ࡢಖᏑཬࡧ⟶⌮࡟㛵ࡍࡿ

1982

ᖺ

12

᭶

10

᪥ ࡢᾏὒἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿㐃ྜ᮲⣙ࡢつᐃࡢᐇ᪋ࡢࡓࡵࡢ༠ᐃ㸦Conservation and Management on

Straddling Fish Stocks : The 1995 Implementation Agreement on High Seas Fishery㸧ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ

࡜࠿ࡽࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ㨶✀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢫࢺࣛࢻࣜࣥࢢ㨶✀㸦ࢱࣛࠊ࢝ࣞ

࢖࡞࡝㸧ཬࡧ㧗ᗘᅇ㐟ᛶࡢ㨶✀㸦࢝ࢶ࢜ࠊ࣐ࢢࣟ࡞࡝㸧࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ

ࠉ௒᪥࡛ࡣࠊࢫࢺࣛࢻࣜࣥࢢ㨶✀ࡸ㧗ᗘᅇ㐟ᛶࡢ㨶✀࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡎࠊࡲࡓ๓グࡢ᮲⣙ࡀ⟶⌮ࡢ ᚲせᛶࡢ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞᤼௚ⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅜᐙࡢ୺ᶒⓗᶒ฼ࡀ⬣࠿ࡉࢀࡿ࠿ྰ࠿

࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡜ࡣ࠿࠿ࢃࡾ࡞ࡃࠊබᾏୖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏕≀㈨※ࡢᯤῬࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡜ࡃ

࡟ࠊIUU㸦Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated㸦㐪ἲ࣭↓ሗ࿌࣭↓つไ㸧㸧⁺ᴗࡀᶓ⾜ࡍࡿࡼ࠺

(4)

࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡣࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍᯤῬ࡬ࡢᠱᛕࡣᙉࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ᪥ᮏ㏆ᾏ࡛ࡶࠊ 㡑ᅜࡸࢱ࢖ࡢ㐪ἲ⁺ᴗ᧯ᴗࡣⴭࡋࡃࠊᑐ⟇ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋIUU⁺ᴗࡢ᧞⁛ࡢࡓࡵࠊ2010 ᖺ࡟

IUU

⁺ᴗ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓỈ⏘≀ࡢᇦෆ࡬ࡢ㍺ධࢆ⚗Ṇࡋࡓ

EU

⁶⁾ࡣࠊ㡑ᅜࢆ㐪ἲ⁺ᴗ ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ᣦᐃࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ᨵၿࢆồࡵ⁷⁾₞ࡃࡇࢀࢆゎ㝖ࡋࡓ⁸⁾௚ࠊࡲࡓࢱ࢖࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢᥐ

⨨ࢆ࡜ࡿ࡞࡝⁹⁾ࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᑐᛂࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ

EU

ࡢ

IUU

つไࡣ࠿࡞ࡾࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᭷ࡋࠊ᪥ᮏ

ࡶࡲࡓࠊEUࡢつไ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡛ᑐᛂࢆ㏕ࡽࢀࡓࠋ2012ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊࠕỈ⏘㈨※ࡢᅜ㝿ⓗ⟶⌮ࡢ᥎㐍 ཬࡧ㐪཯⁺ᴗᑐ⟇ࡢᙉ໬࡟ྥࡅࡓ᪥࣭EU㛫ࡢ༠ຊ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඹྠኌ᫂ࠖࡢ᥇ᢥ࡟⮳ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜

EU

ࡣࠊIUU⁺ᴗᑐ⟇ࡢᙉ໬ࡢࡓࡵࠊୡ⏺つᶍࡢ⁺⋓⬟ຊࡢ⟶⌮ࠊᐤ ᅜᥐ⨨ࡢ᥇ᢥ࡜ᐇ᪋ࡢ

ಁ㐍ࠊࢺ࣮ࣞࢧࣅࣜࢸ࢕ไᗘࡢᙉ໬࡟ࡼࡿ

IUU

⁺⋓≀ࡢὶ㏻㜵Ṇࠊ௚ࡢ୺せᕷሙᅜ࡜༠ຊࡋࠊ

IUU

⁺ᴗᑐ⟇ᙉ໬ࠊ࡞࡝࡛༠ຊࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ¹⁰⁾ࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊձ

EU

࡬

㍺ฟࡍࡿ඲࡚ࡢỈ⏘〇ရ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊṇᙜ࡟⁺⋓ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⁺⯪ࡢ᪝ᅜࡀド᫂ࡍࡿ

⁺⋓ド᫂᭩㸦እᅜ⏘ཎᩱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓຍᕤရࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊຍᕤド᫂᭩ࠋణࡋῐỈỈ⏘≀ࠊ㣴ṪỈ⏘

≀ࠊ㈅㢮㸦࢝࢟ࠊ࣍ࢱࢸ࢞࢖➼㸧ࠊ2010ᖺ㸯᭶㸯᪥ࡼࡾ๓࡟⁺⋓ࡉࢀࡓỈ⏘≀➼ࡣᑐ㇟እ㸧ࡀ

⩏ົ௜ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶᑐ㇟Ỉ⏘〇ရࢆᐃࡵࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆ㍺ฟࡋࡼ࠺࡜

ࡍࡿ⪅ࡣࠊỈ⏘ᗇ࡟⏦ㄳࡋ࡚ணࡵ⁺⋓ド᫂᭩ཬࡧຍᕤド᫂᭩ࡢⓎ⤥ࢆཷࡅࠊ㍺ฟࡢ㝿࡟ࡇࢀࢆ

ῧ௜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ¹¹⁾ࠋ

ࠉࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡀᵝࠎ࡞ᒁ㠃࡛኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶࢫࢺࣛࢻࣜࣥࢢ㨶✀

ࡸ㧗ᗘᅇ㐟ᛶࡢ㨶✀࡟㝈ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊໟᣓⓗ࡟ᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※඲⯡ࡢಖㆤࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿ᮲

⣙ࡢ⟇ᐃࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ¹²⁾ࠋ

ᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙ࡢ᪉ྥᛶ

ࠉᅜ㐃⥲఍ࡣỴ㆟

59/24

ࡢࣃࣛ

73

࡛ࠊᅜᐙ⟶㎄ᶒእࡢᾏὒ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖ඲ཬࡧᣢ⥆ྍ⬟

࡞฼⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࢆウ㆟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㸦the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal

Working Group to study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction㸧ࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓ

¹³⁾ࠋྠጤဨ఍ࡣࠊ2015ᖺ

1

᭶

20

᪥࠿

ࡽ

23

᪥࡟࠿ࡅ࡚఍ྜࢆ㛤ࡁࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࠊ⥲఍࡬ሗ࿌ࡍࡿ࡟⮳ࡗࡓ¹⁴⁾ࠋ᮲⣙ࡢ୰᰾࡜

࡞ࡿ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ஦㡯ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⌧᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡢᵝࠎ࡞㆟ㄽࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟㔜せ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢタ⨨ࡢၥ㢟࡜ࠊ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࡢᐇ᪋ၥ㢟ࠊ᮲⣙

ࡢಖ඲ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿᾏὒ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢၥ㢟࡞࡝࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪉ྥᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚⪃ᐹࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡢୗ࡛ࡢ᪂᮲⣙ࡢ⠊ᅖࠊせ⣲ཬࡧᐇ⌧ᛶ

ࠉྠሗ࿌᭩㸦A/69/780,Annex㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊᅜᐙࡢ⟶㎄ᶒእࡢᾏὒ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖ඲࡜ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟

࡞฼⏝ࡢࡓࡵໟᣓⓗ࡞ࣞࢪ࣮࣒ࡢᚲせᛶࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡓ㸦່࿌

I㸦d㸧㸧ࠋࡲࡓࡑࡢࡓࡵᅜ㐃ᾏὒ

(5)

ἲ᮲⣙ࡢୗ࡟⟇ᐃࡉࢀࡿ᮲⣙ࡣࠊἲⓗ࡟ᣊ᮰ⓗ࡞ᩥ᭩࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶྠጤဨ఍࡜ࡋ

࡚Ỵᐃࡋࡓ᪨ࡀఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸦ྠ㸦e㸧㸧ࠋࡲࡓࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊἲࡢḞ⨃㸦legal gap㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿ

࡜ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⌧⾜ࡢㅖ᮲⣙࡛ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡍࡿពぢࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ἲࡢḞ⨃ࡀ࠶

ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡲࡔワࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸㸦ࣃࣛ

17㸧ࠋ

ࠉࡇࡢⅬ࡛᭱ࡶㄝᚓⓗ࡞ぢゎࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠊᅜᐙ⟶㎄ᶒእࡢᾏᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ㑇ఏ㈨※࡬ࡢ

࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡜ࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿ฼┈ࡢඹ᭷࡟㛵ࡍࡿἲไᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࡜ࡢᣦ᦬࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸦ࣃࣛ

18㸧ࠋጤဨࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊ

ᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙๓ᩥ࡟ࡶゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᅜ㐃Ỵ㆟

2749

㸦1970ᖺ㸧¹⁵⁾࡟ᚑ࠸ࠊ

ࠕᅜࡢ⟶㎄ᶒࡢཬࡪ༊ᇦࡢቃ⏺ࡢእࡢᾏᗏཬࡧࡑࡢୗ୪ࡧ࡟ࡑࡢ㈨※ࡀே㢮ࡢඹྠࡢ㈈⏘࡛࠶

ࡾࠊࡑࡢ᥈ᰝཬࡧ㛤Ⓨࡀᅜࡢᆅ⌮ⓗ࡞఩⨨ࡢ࠸࠿ࢇ࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎே㢮඲యࡢ฼┈ࡢࡓࡵ࡟⾜ࢃ

ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ௒᪥ࠊከࡃࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡣࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡎࡿ฼┈࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ఱࡽඹ᭷ࡉ

ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡃ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡿࡀࡲࡲ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡓࡵࡢἲᩚഛࡀᛴົ࡛࠶ࡿ

࡜ࡍࡿ㸦ྠ㸧ࠋ

ᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢබᾏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿタ⨨

ࠉጤဨ఍࡛ࡣබᾏୖ࡟ᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢタ⨨ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ᪂᮲⣙ࡢ㸯ࡘࡢ≉Ⰽ࡜ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸

ࡿࡀࠊ௚᪉࡛ࠊ࠸࠿࡟タ⨨ࡍࡿ࠿ࠊタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓሙྜࠊ⥾⣙ᅜࡢᶒ฼⩏ົࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࠿

➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣワࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛බᾏୖ࡟ᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓ౛࡜ࡋ࡚

ࡣࠊᆅᇦⓗ᮲⣙ࡢ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣࠊ༡ᴟࡢᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ࡢಖᏑ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᮲⣙㸦Convention on the

Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources㸧ࡸ࢜ࢫࣃ࣮ࣝ᮲⣙㸦໭ᮾ኱すὒࡢᾏὒ⎔ቃ

ಖㆤ᮲⣙㸦Convention for the Protection of the marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic㸧㸧¹⁶⁾ ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᅜ㝿࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣ

FAO

ࡀ⁺ᴗ㈨※ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊࡲࡓࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢୗ࡛ࡣࠊ

⏕≀ከᵝᛶಖ඲ࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟⏕≀㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢಖ඲࡜฼┈ࡢඹ᭷ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽἲⓗ㆟ㄽࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸

ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆᴫほࡋࠊ௒ᚋࡢᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙ࡢ⟇ᐃ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡿၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆ⪃࠼ࡓ࠸ࠋ ࠉձ༡ᴟᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ಖᏑ᮲⣙

ࠉྠ᮲⣙ࡢୗ࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓ༡ᴟᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ಖᏑጤဨ఍㸦CCAMLR㸧ࡀ୺ᑟࡋࠊ2009ᖺࠊ༡ ᴟᾏࡢබᾏୖࠊࢧ࢘ࢫ࣭࣮࢜ࢡࢽ࣮ㅖᓥ༡ࡢᾏᇦ࡟⎔ቃಖㆤ༊ࡀタᐃࡉࢀࡓ㸦ࢧ࢘ࢫ࣭࣮࢜ࢡ ࢽ࣮ᾏὒಖㆤ༊㸧ࠋྠಖㆤ༊ࡣࠊ94000km²ࡶࡢᗈࡉࢆ᭷ࡋࠊ࢙࢘ࢵࢹࣝᾏỈሢࡢ໭㝈࡜࢙࢘ࢵ

ࢹࣝᾏ࡜ࢫࢥࢩ࢔ᾏࡢྜὶᇦࡢ༡㝈࡜࠸࠺ࠊ㸰ࡘࡢ㔜せ࡞እὒ⎔ቃࡀࡪࡘ࠿ࡾྜ࠺༊ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢࡓࡵᾏὒ⏕≀ࡢከᵝᛶࡶ㇏࠿࡛ࠊࢼࣥ࢟ࣙࢡ࢜࢟࢔࣑ࡸ࢔ࢹ࣮ࣜ࣌ࣥࢠࣥࡢ⏕ᜥᆅ࡜ࡋ࡚

㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ௚ࠊᗏ⏕⏕≀⩌ࡀከࡃᏑࡍࡿࠋ༡ᴟᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※᮲⣙ࡣࢼࣥ࢟ࣙࢡ࢜࢟࢔࣑➼ࡢ㈨

※⟶⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊྠᾏᇦࡢタᐃ࡟క࠸ࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⁺⋓ࡀ⚗Ṇࡉࢀࡓ௚ࠊᾏᇦࡢቃ⏺௜㏆

࡛ࡢᗫᲠ≀ࡢᢞᲠࡀつไࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓ⛉Ꮫㄪᰝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ༠ຊయไ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ᭱ᑠ㝈࡟ࡍ

ࡿࡼ࠺ᕤኵࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ¹⁷⁾ࠋᆅᇦⓗᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ึࡵ࡚බᾏୖ࡟ᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࢆタᐃࡋࡓ஦

(6)

౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢព⩏ࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠉղ࢜ࢫࣃ࣮ࣝ᮲⣙

ࠉ࢜ࢫࣃ࣮ࣝ᮲⣙ࡣࠊ໭ᮾ኱すὒࡢᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ᮲⣙࡛ࠊಖㆤ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ࡣண㜵ཎ

๎࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦2᮲

2㸦a㸧㸧ࠋࡑࡢ๓ᥦ࡟❧ࡕࠊᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿព⩏

࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㸦a㸧ே㛫άື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ⿕ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ✀ࡸࠊࡑࡢ⏕ᜥᆅࠊ⏕ែ⣔඲యࢆಖㆤࡋࠊ ᅇ᚟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㸦b㸧ண㜵ཎ๎࡟ᚑ࠸ࠊ✀ࠊ⏕ᜥᆅࠊ⏕ែ⣔඲య࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢲ࣓࣮ࢪࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵࠊ㸦c㸧 ᾏὒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ✀ࠊ⏕ᜥᆅࠊ⏕ែ⣔඲యࢆ᭱ࡶࡼࡃ௦⾲ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞༊ᇦࢆಖㆤࡋಖ඲ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ

࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ¹⁸⁾ࠋ

ࠉࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ᪉㔪࡟ᚑ࠸ࠊ࢜ࢫࣃ࣮ࣝ᮲⣙ጤဨ఍ࡣࠊ2010ᖺ࡟

6

ࡘࡢᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࢆࠊࡲࡓ

2012

ᖺ࡟ࡉࡽ࡟㏣ຍ࡛

1

ࡘࡢᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࢆබᾏୖ࡟タᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㏣ຍศࡣୗグࡢ㸦vii㸧㸧¹⁹⁾ࠋࡑࢀ

ࡽࡣࠊ

㸦i㸧ࢳ࣮࣮࣭ࣕࣜࢠࣈࢬ༡ᾏὒಖㆤ༊㸦Charlie-Gibbs South MPAࠊ146,032 km²㸧㸦ii㸧࣑ࣝࣥᾏᒣ」ྜయ㸦Milne Seamount Complex MPAࠊ20,914 km²㸧

㸦iii㸧࢔ࢰࣞࢫㅖᓥබᾏࡢ኱すὒ୰ኸᾏᕊ໭㸦Mid-Atlantic Ridge north of the Azores High

Seas MPAࠊ93,570 km²㸧

㸦iv㸧࢔ࣝࢱ࢖ࣝᾏᒣබᾏ㸦Altair Seamount High Seas MPAࠊ4,384 km²㸧㸦v㸧࢔ࣥࢳ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖ࣝබᾏ㸦Antialtair High Seas MPAࠊ2,807 km²㸧

㸦vi㸧ࢪࣙࢭࣇ࢕࣮ࣥᾏᒣ」ྜయබᾏ㸦Josephine Seamount Complex High Seas MPAࠊ19,363

km²㸧

㸦vii㸧ࢳ࣮࣮࣭ࣕࣜࢠࣈࢬ໭ᾏὒಖㆤ༊㸦Charlie-Gibbs North MPAࠊ177,700 km²㸧

࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ౛࠼ࡤ㸦i㸧ࡢࢳ࣮࣮࣭ࣕࣜࢠࣈࢬ༡ᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡣࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢᾏᒣࡸᾏ ᗏࡢ᩿⿣ࢆྵࡴࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚ࡶಖㆤࡢᚲせᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿᾏ ᇦ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊWWFࡢㄝ᫂࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊࠕ໭ᴟ࠿ࡽ༡ịὒ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚

S

Ꮠᆺ࡟㉮ࡿ

ᾏᕊ࡛ࠊ࢔࢖ࢫࣛࣥࢻ࡜࢔ࢰࣞࢫㅖᓥࡢ㛫ࡢබᾏࠖࢆ㊬࠸࡛࠾ࡾࠊ㧗ࡉ

3500

࣓࣮ࢺࣝ࠶ࡲࡾ

ࡢᛴഴᩳࡢᕊࡀ኱すὒࢆᮾす࡟ศࡅࠊ῝ᾏࢧࣥࢦ⩌㞟ࡸ㪒㢮ࠊ࣓࢝㢮ࡀ⏕ᜥࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡑ ࡢᕊࢆᶓษࡿࡼ࠺࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࢳ࣮࣮ࣕࣜࢠࣈࢫ᩿⿣ᖏࡣ῝ࡉ

4,500

࣓࣮ࢺࣝࡲ࡛ⴠࡕ㎸ࢇ࡛࠾

ࡾࠊ῝ᾏ⏕≀✀ࡀᛴᩳ㠃ἢ࠸࡟ᅇ㐟ࡍࡿ၏୍ࡢ࣮ࣝࢺ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ²⁰⁾ࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅᕼᑡ࡞ᾏὒ

⎔ቃࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙᡤ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠉճ

FAO

ཬࡧᆅᇦⓗᶵ㛵

ࠉFAOࡣࠊࡑࡢタ❧ᩥ᭩࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ୺࡜ࡋ࡚㣗⣊☜ಖࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊ⁺ᴗ㈨※ࡢ⟶⌮ࡢࡓࡵࡢ ᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢタᐃࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋFAOࡢ୺ᑟࡢୗ࡟ࠊᆅᇦⓗᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿࠊNorth East Atlantic

Fisheries Commission㸦NEAFC㸧ࠊ North West Atlantic Fisheries Organization㸦NAFO㸧ࠊSouth East

(7)

Atlantic Fisheries Organization㸦SEAFO㸧ࠊGeneral Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean

㸦GFCM㸧ࠊConservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources㸦CCAMLR㸧ࠊ

Southern Indian Ocean

Deepsea Fishers̓ Association

㸦SIODFA㸧࡞࡝ࡀබᾏୖ࡟ᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࢆタᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ

CCAMLR

࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡍ࡛࡟ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡢᆅᇦⓗᶵ㛵࡛ࡶࠊྠᵝ࡟⁺ᴗ

㈨※⟶⌮ࡢⅬ࠿ࡽබᾏୖ࡟ᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢタᐃࡀ㐍ࡳࠊᙜヱ༊ᇦ࡛ࡢ⁺⋓ࡣ⚗Ṇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ²¹⁾ࠋ ࠉմ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙

ࠉ㏆ᖺࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡣᾏὒ⏕≀ࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆྵࡴከᵝᛶࡢಖ඲࡟ࡼࡾ✚ᴟⓗ࡟஌ࡾฟࡋ

࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୍ࡘࡢ㔜せ࡞ዎᶵ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ2010ᖺྡྂᒇ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡓ

COP10

࡛ࠊឡ▱┠

ᶆ

11㸦Aichi Target 11㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ2020

ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ࡜⏕ែ⣔ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢࡓࡵ࡟≉࡟㔜

せ࡞༊ᇦࢆྵࡴἢᓊཬࡧᾏᇦࡢᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ

10

ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺࢆࠊಖㆤᆅᇦࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡸࡑࡢ௚ࡢຠ

ᯝⓗ⟶⌮࡟ࡼࡿಖ඲ࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸦by 2020͐10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas

of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well-connected systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, and integrated into the wider landscapes and

seascapes㸧ࠖ

²²⁾ࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ู࡞༊ᇦࡣࡓࡔ༢࡟ࠕಖㆤ༊

㸦protected areas㸧ࠖ࡜ゝཬࡉࢀࠊࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ┤᥋ࡢゝཬࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙ࡣ

⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢࡇࡢ༊ᇦࡢタᐃࢆ⪃៖࡟ධࢀࡘࡘᵓ᝿ࡉࢀࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓ㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆྵ

ࡴಖ඲࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞฼⏝࡜฼┈ඹ᭷ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝࠿ࡽࠊࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ␲࠸࡞࠸ࠋ

ࠉ᪥ᮏࡣࡇࡢឡ▱┠ᶆࡀ⟇ᐃࡉࢀࡓࡑࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡍ࡛࡟

8.3

ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺࡢᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸

ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࡀࠊྛ✀ἲᚊ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ⮬↛බᅬࠊ㫽⋇ಖㆤ༊ࠊಖㆤỈ㠃࡜࠸ࡗࡓ✀ู

࡛ἢᓊᇦ࡟タᐃࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶྠ┠ᶆࡢ㊃᪨ࢆᮏ᮶ⓗ࡟ᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡣゝ

࠼࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊࡇࡢឡ▱┠ᶆ

11

ࡢ᥇ᢥࡣࠊᅜᐙࡢ㡿ᾏࡸ᤼௚ⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦ ࡢ୰࡟ᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡀタᐃࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡢࡳࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡴࡋࢁࠊ⏕≀

ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡢୗ࡟⟇ᐃࡉࢀࡿணᐃࡢ᪂᮲⣙࡟᢬ゐࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡞࠸ࡼ

࠺࡜ࡢ๓ᥦ࡛ࠊᅜᐙࡢ⟶㎄ᶒࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ⠊ᅖ࡟ࡶタᐃྍ⬟࡞ࠕ⏕ែ⣔ࡲࡓࡣ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ࡟㔜せ࡞ᾏ ᇦ㸦EBSA; ecologically or biologically signifi

cant areas㸧ࠖࡢᴫᛕࢆ๰タࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ

ࡇࡢᾏᇦࡢಖㆤ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ༊ᇦࡈ࡜࡟ྛࠎᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿಖ඲ࢆ⾜࠺࡜ྠ᫬࡟௚ࡢಖㆤ༊࡜ࡢ 㐃⥆ᛶࡶࡲࡓ㔜どࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ௜ゝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣࠊᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢ ᅾࡾ᪉ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ᇶ♏ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡼ࠺²³⁾ࠋ

ࠉ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡣࠊࡇࡢ

EBSA

ࡢᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊලయⓗ࡞ᩘ್┠ᶆࡸ⏕≀✀ࢆ≉ᐃࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸

࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊタᐃࡉࢀࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣᾏᇦ≧ἣࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ⥲ྜⓗ࡟ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ⏕≀✀࠶

(8)

ࡿ࠸ࡣ⏕ᜥᇦ࡜ࡋ࡚ᅛ᭷ᛶ࣭ᕼᑡᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࠿ࠊ⤯⁛༴᝹࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣῶᑡഴྥࡢ⏕≀✀ࡸ⏕ᜥᇦ

ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࠿ࠊே㛫άື࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࡀᑡ࡞࠸࠿඲ࡃཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸⎔ቃ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࠊே㛫άືࡲࡓࡣ

⮬↛⌧㇟࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸⏕≀✀࡜⏕ᜥᇦࠊࡲࡓࡣᅇ᚟ຊ࡟ஈࡋ࠸⏕ែ⣔ࡀᏑࡍࡿ࠿ࠊ⏕ែ

⣔ࠊ⏕ᜥᇦࠊ⏕≀⩌ࠊ⏕≀✀ࠊ㑇ఏᏊࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ከᵝᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࠊ࡞࡝ࡀࡑ ࡢุ᩿ᇶ‽࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ²⁴⁾ࠋ

ࡑࡢᚋࡢ㐍ᒎ

ࠉᅜ㐃ࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡇࡢ᪂᮲⣙࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࡢືࡁࢆ☜ᐇ࡟㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏᖺ

6

᭶࡟ࡣࠊᅜ ᐙ⟶㎄ᶒእࡢᾏὒ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖᏑཬࡧᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞฼⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࢆウ㆟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣮࣡࢟

ࣥࢢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ

2

᭶ࡢᥦゝࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ

9

᭶ࡢᅜ㐃⥲఍࡛ࠊ᪂᮲⣙ࡢ⟇ᐃ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࣮ࣟ

ࢻ࣐ࢵࣉసᡂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢỴ㆟᥇ᢥࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿぢ㎸ࡳࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ2016ᖺཪ ࡣ

2017

ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊ᮲⣙᱌ࡀసᡂࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓࠊ⨫ྡࡢࡓࡵ࡟㛤ᨺࡉࢀࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࠉࡓࡔࡋࠊ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊෆᐜࡣワࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㐍ᒎ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ༊ᇦู࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟ

ࢳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢタ⨨࡜⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࡀලయⓗ࡞ࢶ࣮ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚᫂☜࡟ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓࡇ

࡜㸦measures such as area-based management tools, including marine protected areas, environmental

impact assessments and capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology㸧ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺

²⁵⁾ࠋ

ண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜⛉Ꮫⓗ㈨※⟶⌮

ண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡟せồࡉࢀࡿ୍ᐃࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐ

ࠉᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡀ᫂ᩥつᐃࡇࡑ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ㸦precautionary

approach㸧࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ୍⯡࡟ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡢ᰿ᣐ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᅜ㐃බᾏ⁺ᴗ

༠ᐃ

6

᮲ࡸ㠀ᣊ᮰ⓗᩥ᭩࡞ࡀࡽ

1995

ᖺࡢ

FAO

㈐௵࠶ࡿ⁺ᴗࡢࡓࡵࡢ⾜ືつ⠊࡟࠾ࡅࡿつᐃ࡞

࡝ࡢᏑᅾࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᅜ㐃බᾏ⁺ᴗ༠ᐃ

6

᮲ࡣࠊබᾏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ࡢಖ ㆤཬࡧᾏὒ⎔ቃࡢಖ඲ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࢫࢺࣛࢻࣜࣥࢢ㨶㢮㈨※ཬࡧ㧗ᗘᅇ㐟ᛶ㨶㢮㈨※ࡢಖᏑࠊ⟶

⌮ཬࡧ㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ண㜵ⓗྲྀ⤌᪉ἲࡢ㐺⏝㸦application of the precautionary approach㸧ࢆ᫂☜࡟

ࡋ㸦6᮲

1

㡯㸧ࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᅜࡶࠊ᝟ሗࡀ୙☜ᐇࠊ୙ṇ☜ཪࡣ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊ୍ᒙࡢὀ ពࢆᡶ࠺ࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ༑ศ࡞⛉Ꮫⓗ᝟ሗࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠊಖᏑ⟶⌮ᥐ⨨ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᘏ ᮇࡍࡿ⌮⏤࡜ࡋࠊཪࡣ࡜ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸦2㡯㸧࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊFAO

㈐௵࠶ࡿ⁺ᴗࡢࡓࡵࡢ⾜ືつ⠊࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ࡢಖ඲ࠊ⟶⌮ཬࡧ㛤Ⓨ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ண㜵

ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀᗈࡃ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ྠᵝࡢつᐃࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸦States should apply

the precautionary approach widely to conservation, management and exploitation of living aquatic

resources in order to protect them and preserve the aquatic environment. The absence of adequate

scientifi c information should not be used as a reason for postponing or failing to take conservation and

(9)

management measures㸦7.5.1㸧㸧ࠋ

ࠉ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡇࡢண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖ㸦precautionary principle㸧࡜ࡢ␗

ྠࡣᏛㄝୖࡶࡼࡃ㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡲ࡞࠾☜ᐃⓗ࡞ᅇ⟅ࡀぢ ฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⌧ᐇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ୧⪅ࡀ␗࡞ࡿᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ❧ሙ࠿ࡽࡣࠊࡓ࡜࠼

ࡤᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙

61

᮲

2

㡯࡟࠾࠸࡚ᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ᤼௚ⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏕≀㈨※ࡢ㐺 ษ࡞ಖᏑᥐ⨨ཪࡣ⟶⌮ᥐ⨨ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿ⥾⣙ᅜࡢ⩏ົ࡟ࡘࡁࠊࠕධᡭࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ᭱Ⰻࡢ⛉

Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࡜ࡍࡿⅬࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼࡟ࠊᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡣࠊண㜵ཎ๎࡟❧⬮ࡍ

ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࡍࡿㄝࡶ࠶ࡿ²⁶⁾ࠋ☜࠿࡟ࠊࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ୙☜ᐇᛶࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⎔ቃᦆᐖࡢ㜵 Ṇࡢࡓࡵࡢ⾜ືࢆྲྀࡽ࡞࠸⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ࡍࡿண㜵ཎ๎ࡢ⌮ᛕࢆཝ᱁࡟ᤊ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ

⾜ືࡢࡓࡵࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖࢆせồࡍࡿ࠸࠿࡞ࡿἲ⌮㸦ண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ㸧ࡶࠊண㜵ཎ๎࡜ࡣ

␗࡞ࡿ࡜ゝࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࠉࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿཝᐦ࡟⌮ㄽⓗ࡞ᐃᘧ໬ࡢᚲせᛶࡣࠊ௒᪥ࡑࢀ࡯࡝

ၥࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖ࠿ࠕண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊఱࡀ㐪࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶࠊ ᐇែ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝ឤࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿἲつ⠊࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐃᘧ໬࡟ࡘ

࠸࡚ࡢ㛵ᚰࡣᚎࠎ࡟ⷧࢀ㸦័⩦ἲ໬ࡢ㆟ㄽࡶỿ㟼໬ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ㸧²⁷⁾ࠊࠕண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖ࡞

࡝ࡢᩥゝ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡽࢀࡘࡘࡶࠊᅜ㝿࣭ᅜෆࡢἲⓗㅖᩥ᭩࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢ୰᰾⌮ᛕ࡛࠶

ࡿࠊࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ୙☜ᐇᛶࡢḞዴࠖࢆ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ⾜ືࢆྲྀࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡢゝ࠸ヂ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸

࠺Ⅼ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᙉᅛ࡟ಖࡓࢀࡓࡲࡲࠊᗈ⠊࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࠉࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᒁ㠃࡛ࠊࡑࡢࢽࣗ࢔ࣥࢫࡣ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡢ୍ࡘࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ⎔ቃᦆ ᐖࡀ⏕ࡎࡿ⵹↛ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࡢ୙☜ᐇᛶࡢᗘྜ࠸࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ

࠸ࠋ࡜ࡃ࡟ᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢሙྜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖࡢሙྜࡣࠊಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ⾜ືࢆ

࡜ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ୍ᐃ⛬ᗘࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ๓ᥦ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟␃ពࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶

ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ุ౛ࡢືྥࢆぢ࡚ࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋྖἲⓗ࣭‽ྖ

ἲⓗᶵ㛵࡟ಀᒓࡋࡓ⣮தゎỴ஦᱌࡟࠾࠸࡚㈨※ಖ඲ࡢᚲせᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍ᐃࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖࡀ ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜࠊᇳࡽࢀࡓලయⓗᥐ⨨ࡢṇᙜᛶࡸྜ⌮

ᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡾࠊࡲࡓ᮲⣙ୖṇᙜཪࡣྜ⌮ⓗ࡜ࡉࢀᚓࡿᥐ⨨࠿ྰ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ

ᇶ‽ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ㜈್࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ㛵ಀᙜ஦ᅜࡢ༠㆟࣭஺΅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ỵࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ஦

㡯࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ஦ᐇୖᐇయⓗ࡞ุ᩿ࡀᅇ㑊ࡉࢀࡓࡾࡍࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ

ࠉձࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁ஦௳㸦Southern Bluefi

n Tuna Cases

㸦New Zealand v. Japan; Australia v. Japan㸧

, Provisional Measures㸧

²⁸⁾

ࠉࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁ஦௳࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ஦᱌⮬యࡣ௰⿢⿢ุᡤࡢ⟶㎄ᶒࡀྰᐃࡉࢀࡓࡓ

ࡵࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᮏ᱌࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢุ᩿ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡎࠊ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ᚋ⪅ࡢᙧ㸦ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ஺΅㸧

(10)

࡛ࡢゎỴࡀಁࡉࢀࡓࠋ๓ᥖࡢࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁಖᏑጤဨ఍㸦CCSBT㸧ࡣࠊࠕࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁࡢಖᏑࡢ ࡓࡵࡢ᮲⣙ࠖ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓጤဨ఍࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁࡢ㈨※⟶⌮ࡢ௵ࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⥾⣙ᅜ㛫࡟ࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁࡢ⏕ᜥ≧ἣ࡜ಖᏑ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞⪃࠼ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ⏕ࡌࠊ࡜ࡃ

࡟ࠊࡼࡾ୍ᒙࡢಖᏑࡢᚲせᛶࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻ࡜㈨※ࡣᅇ᚟ഴྥ

࡟࠶ࡾ㐣ᗘࡢಖᏑࡣᚲせ࡞࠸࡜ࡢ๓ᥦࡢୗ࡟⥲⁺⋓ྍ⬟㔞㸦TAC: Total Allowable Catch㸧ཬࡧ ᅜู๭ᙜ㔞ࡢቑຍࢆồࡵࡓ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛⁁ࡀᇙࡲࡽࡎࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ୍᪉ⓗ࡞ㄪᰝᤕ⋓࡟㋃ࡳษࡗࡓ ࡓࡵࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡜ࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡀᙜヱㄪᰝᤕ⋓ࡀᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙㐪཯ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡇ

࡜࡟ࡘࡁྠ᮲⣙㝃ᒓ᭩Ϯ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ௰⿢⿢ุᡤࡢุ᩿ࢆồࡵࠊࡲࡓ⁺⋓ࡢᕪࡋṆࡵࡢࡓࡵࡢᬻᐃ ᥐ⨨࿨௧ࢆồࡵ࡚ᅜ㝿ᾏὒἲ⿢ุᡤ㸦ITLOS㸧࡟ᥦッࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᅜ㝿ᾏὒἲ⿢ุᡤࡣ

࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࡜ࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻഃࡢ୺ᙇࢆㄆࡵࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ๭ᙜ㔞ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᤕ⋓ࢆᕪࡋ Ṇࡵࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡍ࡛࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓㄪᰝᤕ⋓࡟ࡼࡾ⁺⋓๭ᙜ㔞ࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡓ㒊ศ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊḟ ᖺᗘ௨㝆ࡢ๭ᙜ㔞࠿ࡽᕪࡋᘬࡃ᪨ࡢᬻᐃᥐ⨨࿨௧ࡀୗࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙㝃ᒓ᭩

Ϯ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ௰⿢ᡭ⥆ࢆ㏻ࡌࠊྠᬻᐃᥐ⨨࿨௧ࡣ↓ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ㸦㝃ᒓ᭩Ϯ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ

௰⿢⿢ุᡤࡣࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⟶㎄ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ୺ᙇࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸧ࠊࡲࡓࠊࡳ

࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁ࡟㛵ࡍࡿಖᏑࡸㄪᰝᤕ⋓࡟㛵ࡍࡿத࠸࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㛵ಀᙜ஦ᅜ㛫࡛ࡢ᭦࡞ࡿ஺΅࡟

ࡼࡗ࡚Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ㸦㛵ಀᙜ஦ᅜ㛫࡛ࡍ࡛࡟⣮த࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⁁ࡣ⊃ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚஺΅࡟ࡼ

ࡿゎỴࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞ྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧࡜ࡢ௜ゝࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ㸦Arbitral Award in the

Southern Bluefi n Tuna Case㸦para.68-70.㸧㸧

²⁹⁾ࠋ஦ᐇࠊ௨㝆ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⁺⋓ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡢၥ㢟ࡣ

⏕ࡌ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣࠊࡴࡋࢁࠊ᪥ᮏࡣᖺࠎከࡃࡢ⁺⋓ࢆㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦13ᖺ

2703

ࢺࣥࠊ14ᖺ

3361ࠊ15

ᖺࡣ

4737

ࢺ࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿ㸧³⁰⁾ࠋ

ࠉղ༡ᴟᾏᤕ㪒஦௳㸦Whaling in the Antarctic 㸦Australia v. Japan: New Zealand intervening㸧㸧³¹⁾ ࠉᮏ஦௳ࡣࠊࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡀ࡜ࡽࢀࡓᥐ⨨ࢆṇᙜ໬ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ゝ࠸ᚓࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ ᮲⣙ୖྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋᚓࡿࡢ࠿ࠊྖἲⓗุ᩿ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺ

ࣛࣜ࢔ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡣࠊᅜ㝿ᤕ㪒ྲྀ⥾᮲⣙ୖㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿㄪᰝᤕ㪒㸦8᮲

1

㡯ࠊ⛉Ꮫ

ⓗ◊✲ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚⥾⣙ᅜᨻᗓࡀ㐺ᙜ࡜ㄆࡵࡿᩘࡢไ㝈ཬࡧ௚ࡢ᮲௳࡟ᚑ࠸࡞ࡉࢀࡿ㪒ࡢᤕ

⋓࣭⿵ẅཬࡧฎ⌮㸧³²⁾࡟ࡘࡁ᪥ᮏࡢㄪᰝᤕ㪒ࡣ᮲⣙ࡢ㊃᪨ࢆ㐓⬺ࡋ㐪ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚

ICJ

࡟ᥦ ッࡋࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊICJࡣ᪥ᮏࡢㄪᰝᤕ㪒ࡢṇᙜᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᮲⣙࡟つᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⛉Ꮫⓗ

◊✲ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓ㸦for purposes of scientifi

c research㸧ࡶࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡟ࡘ࠸ุ࡚᩿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆồ

ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࠊ⿢ุᡤࡣ

JARPAII

ࡀ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲࡜ゝ࠸ᚓࡿάືࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡇ࡜

࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ㄆࡵࡘࡘࡶࠊࡑࡢィ⏬ཬࡧᐇ᪋ࡣࡑࡢᐇែ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚ྜ┠ⓗⓗ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸

࡜ࡋ࡚㸦Taken as a whole, the Court considers that JARPA II involves activities that can broadly be

characterized as scientifi c research (see paragraph 127 above), but that the evidence does not establish

(11)

that the programme̓ s design and implementation are reasonable in relation to achieving its stated objectives. The Court concludes that the special permits granted by Japan for the killing, taking and treating of whales in connection with JARPA II are not

͆for purposes of scientifi

c research͇ pursuant to Article VIII, paragraph 1, of the Convention.㸦para.227㸧㸧ࠊྰᐃⓗ࡞ᅇ⟅ࢆࡋࠊ⤖ᯝ᪥ᮏࡣᩋッ

࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋICJࡀ᪥ᮏࡢ➨

2

ᮇㄪᰝᤕ㪒ࢆ

8

᮲

1

㡯࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲ࢆ┠ⓗࠖ࡜ࡋࡓࡶࡢ

࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ุ᩿ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ㸦a㸧ㄪᰝᮇ㛫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࣑ࣥࢡࢡࢪࣛ㸦6ᖺ㸧࡜ࢨࢺ࢘ࢡࢪࣛࡸ

ࢼ࢞ࢫࢡࢪࣛ㸦12ᖺ㸧࡜ࡢ㛫࡟┦㐪ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘࡁ᪥ᮏࡀྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ㄝ᫂ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ

࡜ࡸ➨㸯ᮇ༡ᴟᾏ㪒㢮ᤕ⋓ㄪᰝ㸦JARPA㸦Japan̓

s Special Permit programme in the Antarctic㸧㸧

ࡢ⤊஢ᚋࡑࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆᚅࡓࡎࡋ࡚➨

2

ᮇ༡ᴟᾏ㪒㢮ᤕ⋓ㄪᰝ㸦JARPAII㸧ࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

ࡇ࡜ࠊ㸦b㸧ィ⏬ࡉࢀࡓᤕ⋓ᩘࡢྜ⌮ᛶ㸦౛࠼ࡤ

JARPAII

ࡢሙྜ࣑ࣥࢡࢡࢪࣛࡀ

850

㢌࡛࠶ࡿ

ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࢨࢺ࢘ࢡࢪࣛࡸࢼ࢞ࢫࢡࢪࣛࡣ

50

㢌࡟タᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸧ࡸᐇ㝿࡟ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓࢧࣥ

ࣉࣝᩘࡢṇᙜ࡞ホ౯ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ࠿୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸦in the context of article VIII ͐ the evidence

regarding the selection of a minimum sample size should allow one to understand why that sample size is reasonable in relation to achieving the programme̓ s objectives, when compared with other possible sample sizes that would require killing far fewer whales̓

㸦para. 195㸧㸧ࠊ㸦c㸧㠀⮴Ṛⓗ᪉ἲ࡛ࡢᤕ⋓

࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ㝿࡟⏕ࡌࡓ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲ᡂᯝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᝏᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ㄝ᫂ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ

࡜ࠊ㸦d㸧ᐇᤕ⋓ᩘࡣࠊᙜึィ⏬ࢆࡣࡿ࠿࡟ୗᅇࡿࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲┠ⓗࡀ㐩ᡂ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࠿࡟ࡘࡁྜ⌮ⓗ࡞ㄝ᫂ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜㸦ࢩ࣮ࢩ࢙ࣃ࣮ࢻ࡞࡝ࡢ⎔ቃಖㆤᅋయࡢጉᐖ࡟

㐼ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡞࡝࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶィ⏬ᤕ⋓ᩘศࡢ㈓ⶶ᪋タࢆ᭷ࡋ࡞࠸⯪⯧࡛ࡢᤕ⋓άື

ࡋ࠿⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡞࡝ࡢ஦᝟ࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸧ࠊ࡞࡝ࡢ⌮⏤࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࠉ⿢ุᡤࡣࠊJARPAII࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୰Ṇࢆ࿨ࡌࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊICRW8᮲

1

㡯࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ௨㝆ࡢㄪᰝ ᤕ㪒ࡢᐇ᪋࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡀᮏุỴࡢ㊃᪨ࢆᑛ㔜ࡋᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡼ࠺௜ゝࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸦ࡘࡲࡾࡣ ㄪᰝᤕ㪒⮬యࡢᐇ᪋࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࠊ࠸࠿࡞ࡿㄪᰝᤕ㪒࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㐺ἲ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡢ

࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢලయⓗ࡞ࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗࠖᇶ‽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣゝཬࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ³³⁾ࠋ

ࠉ௨ୖࡢ

2

౛࠿ࡽࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ཬࡧࡑࡢ௚ᆅᇦⓗ༠ᐃ➼࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉ

ࢀࡿᾏὒἲ⛛ᗎ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢᥐ⨨ࡀ࡜ࡽࢀࡿ㝿࡟ࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖࡢᏑᅾࡣࠊ ᐇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ୍ᐃ⛬ᗘせồࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࠊᅜ㐃ࡀ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ࡢಖ඲

࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᪂᮲⣙ࡢሙྜ࡟ࡶࠊ౛࠼ࡤࠊබᾏୖ࡟ᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࢆタᐃࡍࡿሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠸࠿࡞ࡿ

᰿ᣐ࡛ಖ඲ࡢᚲせᛶࡀ᫝ㄆࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࠊ⥾⣙ᅜ㛫࡛ࡑࢀ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚த࠸ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣ࡝࠺ࡍ

ࡿ࠿࡞࡝ࡢࠊ⣮தฎ⌮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࡶᚲ㡲࡜࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࠉࡘࡲࡾࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ෌ᗘࠊࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖ࡜ࠕண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖࡢ␗ྠࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿ࡟ࠊࡶ

ࡋࡑࢀࡽࡀ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࢆ୍ᐃ⛬ᗘせồࡍࡿ࠿ྰ࠿࡟࠾࠸࡚␗࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ୧⪅ࡀྠࡌἲ⌮

(12)

࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠊ࡜ࡍࡿᏛㄝ࡟ᏛࡪⅬࡶ࠶ࡿࠋᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶබᾏ㈨※⟶⌮ࡢⅬ࡛ࡣࠊ࠿࡞ࡾ

ࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖࡀせồࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖࡢྜ⌮ᛶࡀ⢭ᰝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ┳㐣ࡉࢀ

࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ୧⪅ࢆྠ୍ࡢᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ௒᪥ࠊ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢண 㜵ⓗ࡞᪉⟇ࡀ࠶ࡾᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋࠊ࠶ࡿ≧ἣୗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖࡀ୍ᐃ⛬ᗘせ ồࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ᪉⟇ࡢṇᙜᛶ࣭ྜ⌮ᛶࡀၥࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࠉࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁ஦௳࡟࠾࠸࡚௰⿢⿢ุᡤࡀ♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᮏ᮶ⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ୍ᐃࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࠖ

࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᥐ⨨࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ⁺⋓ᅜู๭ᙜ㔞ࡸㄪᰝ⁺⋓㔞ࡀ࠸࠿࡞ࡿỈ‽࡛࠶ࢀࡤ ṇᙜ࠿ࡘྜ⌮ⓗ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀᚓࡿࡢ࠿ࡣࠊࡑࢀࢆ⟶㎄ࡍࡿᅜ㝿࣭ᆅᇦⓗᶵ㛵ࡸ᮲⣙ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛

࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡲࡎࡣࡑࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᡭ⥆ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⥾⣙ᅜ㛫࡛༑

ศ࡞༠㆟ࢆࡋỴᐃࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ஦㡯࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ௚᪉࡛ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ஦᱌࡟࠾࠸࡚ྖἲⓗ

ุ᩿ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀᚓ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ༡ᴟᾏᤕ㪒஦௳ࡀ♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ୍ᐃ⛬ᗘࡢ⛉Ꮫ

ⓗ᰿ᣐࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊㄪᰝᤕ㪒ࡢṇᙜᛶࡸྜ⌮ᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋణ ࡋࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓṇᙜᛶࡸྜ⌮ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢุ᩿ࡀࠊࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖࡸࠕண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖ࡟ᇶ࡙

ࡁ࡞ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ᫂☜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ༡ᴟᾏᤕ㪒஦௳࡟

࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊICJࡣࠊICJࡀุ᩿ࡍ࡭ࡁ஦㡯ࡣࠊJARPAIIࡀ᮲⣙

8

᮲

1

㡯ࡢୗ࡟Ⓨ⤥ࡉࢀࡿ≉ู

チྍ࡟ࡼࡿᤕ㪒ࡀࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲ࡢࡓࡵࠖࡢㄪᰝᤕ㪒࡜ゝ࠸ᚓࡿ࠿࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀ௨እ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ࡢᅜ㝿♫఍ࡢ㆟ㄽ㸦㪒㢮ࡢಖᏑࡸᤕ㪒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᅜ㝿♫఍࡛ࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢ㐪࠸ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ண㜵ཎ๎ࡸண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡟ಀࡿุ᩿ࢆྵពࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸧࡟㋃ࡳ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ

࡜ࡢ❧ሙࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦The Court is aware that members of the international community hold

divergent views about the appropriate policy towards whales and whaling, but it is not for the Court to settle these differences. The Court̓ s task is only to ascertain whether the special permits granted in relation to JARPA II fall within the scope of Article VIII, paragraph 1, of the ICRW㸦para.69㸧㸧ࠋࡋ

࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ௚᪉࡛ࠊ⿢ุᐁࡢᑡᩘពぢࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊ᮲⣙

8

᮲

1

㡯࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲ࢆ┠

ⓗࠖ࡜ࡋࡓㄪᰝᤕ㪒࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࡢุ᩿࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊⓎ⤥ࡉࢀࡓ≉ูチྍࡢୗ࡟࡞ࡉࢀࡓㄪᰝ ᤕ㪒ࡀண㜵ཎ๎࡟ྜ⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ゝ࠸ᚓࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࡀၥࢃࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡍࡿぢゎࡶぢࡽ

ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ஦ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦Even if the Court, in the present Judgment in the Whaling in the Antarctic

case, has not seen it fi t to pronounce on the principle of prevention and the precautionary principle,

it is, in my view, signifi cant that the contending parties, Australia and Japan, and the intervenor, New

Zealand, have cared to refer to these principles, in general, in their arguments as to whether or not

Japan̓ s whaling practices under Special Permits conform to them. Such principles are to inform and

conform any programmes under Special Permits within the limited scope of Aticle VIII of the ICRW

Convention. Furthermore, the principles of prevention and precaution appear interrelated in the present

(13)

case of Whaling in the Antarctic㸦para.70㸧

³⁴⁾㸧

ࠉࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊุỴ⌮⏤ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖཪࡣࠕண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖ࡟᫂☜࡟ゝཬࡋ࡞

ࡃ࡜ࡶࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᴫᛕࡀ⣮தᙜ஦ᅜࡢ୺ᙇ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᣐࡾᡤ࡜ࡉࢀࡓࡾࠊࡲࡓุỴࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿

ᣐࠖࡢุ᩿ࡢᇶ♏࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ᥼⏝ࡉࢀᚓࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ༑ศ࡟ぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿࠋ

ࠉࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ୍ᐃࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿሙྜ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖཪࡣࠕண㜵ⓗ࢔

ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖ࡬ࡢ౫ᣐࡣࠊබᾏ⏕≀㈨※ಖ඲ࡢศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚ᙜⅭ࡜࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ ᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙ࡢሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࠕண㜵ཎ๎ࠖཪࡣࠕண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖࢆලయⓗᥐ⨨ࡀ࡜ࡽࢀ

ࡿ࡭ࡁ⌮ᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚༑஧ศ࡟ά⏝ࡋࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊఱࡽ࠿ࡢලయⓗᥐ⨨ࡀ࡜ࡽࢀࡿሙྜࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿

ᣐࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊồࡵࡽࢀࡿᗘྜ࠸ࡶྵࡵࠊ࠸࠿࡟ᢸಖࡍࡿ࠿㸦ᢸಖࡢࡓࡵࡢไᗘࢆᩚ࠼ࡿ࠿㸧ࠊ ࡇࢀࡀࠊᮏ᮲⣙ࡢᡂຌࡢࡓࡵ࡟᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ

ࠉࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗࠖ㈨※⟶⌮ࡢⅬ࠿ࡽࠊ෌ᗘࠊᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊࡲࡔヲ

⣽࡞㆟ㄽࡣワࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊබᾏࡢᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊᾏὒἲྐୖ⏬ᮇⓗ࡜

ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖࡢタ⨨࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠸࠿࡞ࡿᇶ‽ࢆ‶ࡓࡏࡤᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢタ⨨ࡀㄆࡵࡽ

ࢀࡿࡢ࠿࡞࡝ࡶࡲࡔ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸³⁵⁾ࠋࠉ

ࠉࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖ௨እࡢᡭἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࡝࠺࠿ࠋࠕண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊᅜ㐃 ᪂᮲⣙ࡢࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗࠖ㈨※⟶⌮ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊEIAࡶ㔜せ࡞ᰕ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿

ࡶࠊ

EIA

ࡣ௒᪥ࡲ࡛⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ᅜ㝿♫఍࡛☜❧ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ බᾏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿάື࡟㛵ࡍࡿ

EIA

ࡶࠊᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢタ⨨ࡼࡾࡣࡿ࠿࡟

controversial ࡛࡞࠸ᡭἲ࡜

ࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘࡁࠊḟ⠇࡛ᣦ᦬ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ බᾏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿάື࡟㛵ࡍࡿ (,$ ࡢ⌧⾜ㅖไᗘ࡜ᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙

ࠉᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙࡟ࡣࠊࠕ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᅜࡶࠊ⮬ᅜࡢ⟶㎄ཪࡣ⟶ᇙࡢୗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿィ⏬୰ࡢά໅ࡀᐇ

㉁ⓗ࡞ᾏὒ⎔ቃࡢởᰁཪࡣᾏὒ⎔ቃ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㔜኱࠿ࡘ᭷ᐖ࡞ኚ໬ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ಙ ࡎࡿ࡟㊊ࡾࡿྜ⌮ⓗ࡞⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊᙜヱάືࡀᾏὒ⎔ቃ࡟ཬࡰࡍ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆᐇ⾜

ྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾホ౯ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋࠖ㸦206᮲㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺୍⯡ⓗ⩏ົ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ つᐃࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀ࡛ࡣ༑ศ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࡢㄆ㆑ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞つᐃ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸

ࡓࡵࠊᅜᐙࡣᆅᇦⓗ༠ᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࡀᐃࡵࢀ࡚࠸ࢀࡤᚲ↛ⓗ࡟ࡑࢀࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜

࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊ༊ᇦࡈ࡜ࡢᐇ᪋࡟␃ࡲࡾࠊ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚⤫୍ᛶࡀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ ᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௚᪉࡛ࠊ๓㏙ࡢᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢሙྜ࡜ẚ࡭ࢀࡤࠊᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᵝࠎ

࡞άື࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࡢᐇ᪋ࡀᚲせࡔ࡜ࡢㄆ㆑ࡣࠊࡍ࡛࡟ᅜ㝿♫఍࡛㔊ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ

ࡲࡓホ౯ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚⛉Ꮫᛶࡶᢸಖࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡟ᇶ

࡙ࡃ㈨※⟶⌮࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ᡭἲ࡜࡞ࡾᚓࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࠉࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊᅜ㐃බᾏ⁺ᴗ༠ᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠕ⁺⋓ࡑࡢ௚ࡢே㛫ࡢάືཬࡧ⎔ቃせᅉࡀࠊ⁺⋓

(14)

ᑐ㇟㈨※ཬࡧ⁺⋓ᑐ㇟㈨※࡜ྠ୍ࡢ⏕ែ⣔࡟ᒓࡍࡿ✀ཪࡣ⁺⋓ᑐ㇟㈨※࡟㛵㐃ࡋࠊⱝࡋࡃࡣ౫ Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ✀࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ㸦5᮲㸦d㸧㸧࡜ᐃࡵࠊࡈࡃ㝈ࡽࢀࡓ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡢ⎔ቃ ᙳ㡪ホ౯ࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡿ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

FAOࡢ 1995

ᖺ㈐௵࠶ࡿ⁺ᴗࡢࡓࡵࡢ⾜ືつ⠊ 㸦Code

of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries㸧ࡀ㠀ᣊ᮰ⓗᩥ᭩࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢไᗘࢆ⿵᏶ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚

ᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋFAOࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋ

2003

ᖺ࡟

FAO Technical Guidelines on the Ecosystem Approach to

Fisheries

³⁶⁾ࢆ᥇ᢥࡋ࡚ࠊ⁺ᴗ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⏕ែ⣔࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢព⩏ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ

ᐇົୖᚲせ࡞࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࢆᩚഛࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ2009ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊ῝ᾏᗏࡢ⁺ᴗ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ

࢖ࣥࡶᩚഛࡋࠊ⬤ᙅ࡞ᾏὒ⏕ែ⣔㸦vulnerable marine ecosystems 㸦VMEs㸧㸧࡟㔜኱࡞ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ

୚࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺㜵Ṇᥐ⨨ࢆㅮࡎࡿࡇ࡜ࢆせㄳࡋࡓ³⁷⁾ࠋ

ࠉࡲࡓࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙㸦CBD㸦Convention on Biological Diversity㸧㸧ࡣࠊ⥾⣙ᅜࡣࠕ⏕≀ࡢ ከᵝᛶ࡬ࡢⴭࡋ࠸ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆᅇ㑊ࡋཪࡣ᭱ᑠ࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠾ࡑࢀࡢ࠶ࡿ

ᙜヱ⥾⣙ᅜࡢ஦ᴗィ⏬᱌࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࢆᐃࡵࡿ㐺ᙜ࡞ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆᑟධࠖ㸦14᮲㸧ࡍࡿ࡜

ࡋ୍࡚⯡ⓗ࡞⩏ົࢆᐃࡵࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊEIA࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࢆ⟇ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ³⁸⁾ࠋࡑࢀ࡟

ࡼࢀࡤࠊEIAࡣࠊࠕィ⏬ࡉࢀࡓࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡸ㛤Ⓨࡢ㉳ࡇࡾᚓࡿ⎔ቃᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ホ౯ࡍࡿࣉ

ࣟࢭࢫ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡣࠊ♫఍⤒῭ⓗࠊᩥ໬ⓗཬࡧே㛫ࡢ೺ᗣ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙳ㡪ࡀྵࡲࢀࠊዲ ᙳ㡪࡜ᝏᙳ㡪ࡢ୧᪉ࢆྵࡴࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿ㸦a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts

of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both benefi cial and adverse㸧࡜ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ࣃࣛ 5㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢࣉࣟ

ࢭࢫ࡟ࡣࠊEIAࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࠿ྰ࠿࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㑅ูࠊᐇ᪋ࡢ⠊ᅖࡢ☜ᐃࠊබ⾗ཧຍ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᙳ㡪ホ ౯᭩ࡢసᡂࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁィ⏬ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࠿ྰ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᨻ⟇Ỵᐃࠊᐇ᪋ᚋࡢࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ

࡜ホ౯ࠊ࡞࡝࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ㸦ࣃࣛ

5

㸦a㸧௨ୗ㸧ࠋ2006ᖺ࡟సᡂࡉࢀࡓ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࡣࠊ

2009

ᖺ࡟࣮࣡

ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅜᐙࡢ⟶㎄ᶒࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ༊ᇦ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࡸࠊࡲࡓ

2010

ᖺ࡟᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓឡ

▱┠ᶆ

6㸦2020

ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ㨶㢮࡜↓⬨᳝ື≀ࡢ㈨※ཬࡧỈ⏕᳜≀ࡀᣢ⥆ⓗ࠿ࡘἲᚊ

࡟ἢࡗ࡚ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࠿ࡘ⏕ែ⣔ࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡍࡿ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ㐺⏝ࡋ࡚⟶⌮ࠊ཰✭ࡉࢀࠊ࣭࣭࣭⤯⁛

༴᝹✀ࡸ⬤ᙅ࡞⏕ែ⣔࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⁺ᴗࡢ῝้࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࡞ࡃࡋࠊ㈨※ࠊ✀ࠊ⏕ែ⣔࡬ࡢ⁺ᴗࡢᙳ㡪 ࡀ⏕ែᏛⓗ࡟Ᏻ඲࡞⠊ᅖෆ࡟ᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸧³⁹⁾ࡶ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ2012ᖺ࡟ṇᘧ࡟᥇ᢥࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⁴⁰⁾ࠋ ࠉྠ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊCBDࡣᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ಖ඲ࡢࡓࡵィ⏬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ஦ᴗࡈ࡜ࡢࣞ࣋

ࣝࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸦ࡇࢀࡀ

EIA

࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࠊࡶࡗ࡜ໟᣓⓗ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡸィ

⏬ࡢẁ㝵࠿ࡽ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡸィ⏬ࡢᐇ᪋ࢆᨻ⟇Ỵᐃࡋ࡚

࠸ࡃᡓ␎ⓗ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯㸦SEA㸧ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶᛕ㢌࡟⨨࠸࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟බᾏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿಶࠎࡢ άື࣮࣋ࢫ࡛ࡢ㈨※⟶⌮ࡢᅔ㞴ࡉࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࡁࠊ㔜せ࡞ᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ

ࠉࡋ࠿ࡋࠊCBDࡢ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ⮬యࡶࠊᅜᐙࡢ⟶㎄ᶒࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ༊ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿ

EIA

(15)

ࡣࠊᅜᐙࡢ⟶㎄ෆ࡟␃ࡲࡿ

EIA

࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊᐇ᪋ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿⅬࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ

ྠ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࡀᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟

acquisition of better knowledge on marine ecosystems beyond national jurisdiction͐on how those ecosystems have responded to past human impacts and natural forces, and how effective mitigation measures have been when they have been applied

࡞࡝ࡀ௒ᚋࡢ ἲไᗘࡢᩚഛࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᛴົ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ

࠾ࢃࡾ࡟

ࠉᅜ㐃ࡀ୺ᑟࡋࠊᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡢୗ࡟㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆྵࡴᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ࡢໟᣓⓗ࡞ಖㆤࢆ┠ⓗ࡜

ࡍࡿ᪂᮲⣙ࡢ⟇ᐃࡀ࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼ⌧ᐇ໬ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⌧ẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᮲⣙ࡢἲⓗ࡞ᵓᡂ ࡣᩚ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣࠊ᮲⣙ࡢ᥇ᢥ࡬ࡢ㐨ࡢࡾࡣ₞ࡃ➃⥴࡟ࡘ࠸ࡓࡤ࠿ࡾ࡜ゝ࠼

ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௚᪉࡛ࠊᾏὒ⎔ቃࡢᛴ㏿࡞ᝏ໬ࡣ☜ᐇ࡟⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㝣ୖ㉳ᅉࡢ ởᰁࠊ⯪⯧㉳ᅉࡢởᰁ࡞࡝ࠊởᰁ※ࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡣࠊἢᓊᅜ⟶㎄ᶒࡸ᪝

ᅜ୺⩏࡞࡝ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᅜ㝿ἲࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛ࡶᑐᛂࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ௒᪥ࡢᾏὒ⎔ቃ ᝏ໬ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐᛂ࡛ࡣ฿ᗏᑐฎࡋࡁࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡶゝཬࡋࡓ

IUU

⁺ᴗࡢ ᶓ⾜ࢆྵࡳࠊேⓗ࡞ཎᅉ࡟ࡼࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃࡢᝏ໬ࡸࠊᆅ⌫ ᬮ໬ࡢ㐍⾜࡟ࡼࡾᾏỈࡢ ᗘୖ᪼ࡀ ᚑ᮶࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡗࡓࣃࢱ࣮࡛ࣥ⏕ࡎࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ⮬↛⏤᮶ࡢཎᅉࡀࡇࡢࡇ࡜࡟῝ࡃ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ

ࢀࡽࡣࠊᾏࡢ฼⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᅜ㝿ᾏὒἲࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ㡿ᾏࠊ᤼௚ⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦࠊ බᾏࠊ኱㝣Ჴࠊ῝ᾏᗏ࡞࡝࡜࠸ࡗࡓἲⓗ༊ศࢆ㍍ࠎ㉸࠼࡚ࠊ༊ู࡞ࡃᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⚾

ࡓࡕ࡟ṧࡉࢀࡓ㏵ࡣࠊᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃࢆᑡࡋ࡛ᅇ᚟ࡉࡏࠊࡲࡓࠊࡲࡔᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཷ

ࡅࡎ࡟ṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᾏὒ⎔ቃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ೺඲࡞ᙧ࡛ಖ඲ࡋࠊ≧ἣ࡟ᛂࡌ୍࡚ᐃ⛬ᗘࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿

ᣐ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞฼⏝࡜฼⏝࠿ࡽ⏕ࡎࡿ฼┈ࡢ⾮ᖹ࡞㓄ศࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࠉ࡜ࡃ࡟ࠊ௒ᗘࡢ᪂᮲⣙ࡢ୺║࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࡢタᐃࡸࠊ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࡢᐇ

᪋ࠊᾏὒ⏕≀ࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ฼⏝࡜฼⏝࠿ࡽ⏕ࡎࡿ฼┈ࡢඹ᭷࡞࡝ࢆ࠸࠿࡟ἲⓗ࡟ᵓᡂࡍࡿ࠿࡟

㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡶᴫほࡋࡓࠊᆅᇦⓗ࡟ࡍ࡛࡟タᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿㅖไᗘࡸࠊᅜ㐃ㅖᶵ㛵ࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟ࠊ

FAO

ࡢ⁺ᴗ㈨※࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳཬࡧ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙࡟ࡼࡿ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀཧ⪃࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮ

ࢃࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᾏᇦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ༑஧ศ࡟Ⓨ᥹ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᑡࡋ⣔⤫ࡀ㐪࠺ࡀࠊPSSA ࡢไᗘ࡟Ꮫࡪࡇ࡜ࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋู✏࡛ぢࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊPSSAࡢタ⨨ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ㝿࡟ࡣࠊࠕ㛵㐃ಖㆤᥐ⨨ࠖ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࠊලయⓗ࡞つไ⟶⌮ࡢᥐ⨨ࡀྲྀࡽࢀࡿࠋ௚᪉࡛ࠊ༡ᴟ⏕≀㈨※ಖㆤ᮲

⣙ࡸ࢜ࢫࣃ࣮ࣝ᮲⣙ࡀタᐃࡋࡓබᾏୖࡢᾏὒಖㆤ༊࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸࠼ࡤࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ⚗⁺࡞࡝ࡢつไ ࡣᙜ↛࡞ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࡢ௚ලయⓗ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞つไ⟶⌮ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀ㐺ษ࠿ࠊࡲࡓࡑ ࡢຠᯝࡣ࠸࠿࡟ࣇ࢛࣮ࣟࡉࢀ᳨ドࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚༑ศ࡟ไᗘ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞

࠸ࡢࡀᐇ᝟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢ

EBSA

ࡶタᐃࡢࡓࡵࡢᇶ‽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ

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ὀ

1) ▼ᶫ2007.

2) ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢἢᓊᇦࡢᾏὒ⎔ቃಖ඲ࡢࡓࡵ࡟タᐃࡉࢀࡓࢺࣞࢫᾏᓙPSSA࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊᙉ ไỈඛ᱌ෆ࡞࡝⯟⾜ࡢไ㝈࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ▼ᶫ2007.

3) ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢಖᏑ⟶⌮ࡢᑐ㇟㈨※࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ༡ᴟᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ಖᏑጤဨ఍㸦CCAMLRࠊ 1982ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊ୺࡟࣓ࣟࠊ࢜࢟࢔࣑㸧ࠊࡳ࡞ࡳࡲࡄࢁಖᏑጤဨ఍㸦CCSBTࠊ1994ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ

᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊ࣑ࢼ࣑࣐ࢢࣟ㸧ࠊᆅ୰ᾏ⁺ᴗ୍⯡ጤဨ఍㸦GFCMࠊ1952ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊࢡ࣐ࣟࢢ

ࣟ㸧ࠊ඲⡿⇕ᖏࡲࡄࢁ㢮ጤဨ఍㸦IATTCࠊ1950ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊ࣓ࣂࢳࠊ࢟ࣁࢲ㸧໭す኱すὒ⁺

ᴗᶵ㛵㸦NAFOࠊ1970ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊ࢝ࣛࢫ࢞ࣞ࢖ࠊ࢔࢝࢘࢜㸧ࠊ໭ኴᖹὒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⁋Ἑᛶ㨶㢮ጤဨ఍㸦NPAFCࠊ1993ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊࢧࢣ࣭࣐ࢫ㸧༡ᮾ኱すὒ⁺ᴗᶵ㛵㸦SEAFOࠊ2003ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥

ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊ࣓ࣟࠊ࣐ࣝࢬ࣡࢖࢞ࢽ㸧ࠊ୰す㒊ኴᖹὒࡲࡄࢁ㢮ጤဨ఍㸦WCPFCࠊ2004ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ᮏ⥾

⣙ᅜࠊࢡ࣐ࣟࢢࣟࠊ࣓ࣂࢳࠊ࢟ࣁࢲ㸧ࠊ༡࢖ࣥࢻὒ⁺ᴗ༠ᐃ㸦SIOFAࠊ2012ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊ୺

࡟࣓࢟ࣥࢲ࢖ࠊ࣓ࣟ㸧ࠊ࣮࣋ࣜࣥࢢබᾏ⁺ᴗ᮲⣙㸦CCBSPࠊ1995ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊࢫࢣࢺ࢘ࢲࣛ㸧ࠊ

໭ኴᖹὒ⁺ᴗጤဨ఍㸦NPFCࠊ᮲⣙ᮍⓎຠ㸦2015ᖺ5᭶᫬Ⅼ㸧ࠊᗏ㨶㸧ࠊ኱すὒࡲࡄࢁ㢮ಖᏑጤဨ఍㸦ICCATࠊ 1969ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊࢡ࣐ࣟࢢࣟࠊ࣓ࣂࢳ㸧ࠊ࢖ࣥࢻὒࡲࡄࢁ㢮ጤဨ఍㸦IOTCࠊ1996ᖺ᮲⣙Ⓨຠࠊ

᪥ᮏ⥾⣙ᅜࠊ࣓ࣂࢳࠊ࢟ࣁࢲ㸧

4) Greenpeace, 26 January 2015, ͆Major breakthrough for Ocean Lovers: UN takes landmark step towards high seas biodiversity agreement,͇ available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/Blogs/makingwaves/support- ocean-sanctuaries/blog/51956/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=post&utm_term=UN,#oceanlovers&utm_

campaign=Oceans&__surl__=IgeIu&__ots__=1422429012405&__step__=1.

5) ᅜ❧⎔ቃ◊✲ᡤࠊ2010ᖺ9᭶24᪥ࠊavailable at: http://tenbou.nies.go.jp/news/fnews/detail.php?i=4358.ࡑࡢ ᚋࠊ2012ᖺ࡟ࡉࡽ࡟1ࡘ㏣ຍࡉࢀࠊ7ࡘ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋOSPAR Decision 2012/1 on the establishment of the Charlie-Gibbs North High Seas Marine Protected Area, available at: http://www.ospar.org/v_measures/browse.asp?

タᐃᚋࠊ࠸࠿࡞ࡿつไ⟶⌮ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡣ࠸࠿࡟᳨ドࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡲࡔᑐᛂࡀ ᐃࡲࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊබᾏୖࡢᾏὒಖㆤ༊࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢࡶࡢࡸࡍ࡛࡟࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘィ

⏬ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡉ࠼ࡶࠊࡲࡔࡲࡔⓎᒎ㏵ୖ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀᮏᙜࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠉࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※⟶⌮࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࡯ࡰࠕ↓ἲᆅᖏ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓබᾏ࡟

ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆࠕᾏὒಖㆤ༊ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛㸦ಖㆤ༊࡜ࡋ࡚タᐃࡉࢀࡓ༊ᇦෆ࡜࠸࠺㝈⏺ࡣ࠶ࡿ

࡟ࡏࡼ㸧୸ࡈ࡜ಖ඲ࡋࠊ㛤Ⓨάື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࠊࡑࡢ㈨※࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣே㢮 ඹྠࡢ㈈⏘࡜ࡋ࡚⾮ᖹ࡞฼⏝ࢆᅗࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘࡁࠊᣊ᮰ຊࡢ࠶ࡿᅜ㝿᮲⣙ࡢᙧ࡛⟇ᐃࡉࢀ

ࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊࡇࢀࡣࠊᾏὒ⎔ቃࡢಖ඲࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊṔྐⓗ࡞➨୍Ṍ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࠉ᪂᮲⣙ࡢ⟇ᐃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢไᗘ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡛ࠊ㔜」ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺タィࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᚲせ࡛

࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ஦ᐇࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖ඲ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽᾏὒ⏕≀㈨※ಖ඲ࡢࡓࡵࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ⟇ᐃ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌

ࡶ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

CBD

ࡶࠊࡇࡢ

CBD

ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳࡀᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡢୗ࡛᥇ᢥࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

ᅜ㐃᪂᮲⣙ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆᦆ࡞࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅜ㝿ἲࡢศ᩿໬ࡢၥ㢟ࡀᣦ᦬

ࡉࢀ࡚࠿ࡽࠊ᮲⣙⟇ᐃ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊணࡵࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢㅖ᮲⣙࡜ࡢ㔜」ࡸ᢬ゐࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵࡢᕤኵࡀ

࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ≧ἣࡣࡔ࠸ࡪᨵၿࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠼ࡿࠋ᪂᮲⣙ࡢ⟇ᐃ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚

ࡶࠊࡇࡢⅬࠊ༑ศㄪᩚࢆᅗࡾࡘࡘࠊᑡࡋ࡛ࡶ᪩ࡃᐇ⌧࡟₈ࡂ௜ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ

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menu=00510416000000_000000_000000.

6) IUU⁺ᴗࢆ㉳※࡜ࡍࡿỈ⏘≀ࡀEUᇦෆ࡟ධᇦࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㜵ṆࠊᢚṆཬࡧᗫ⤯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࠊ2008

ᖺ9᭶ ࡟ Ḣ ᕞ 㐃 ྜ㸦㹃㹓㸧 ⌮ ஦ ఍ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ᥇ ᢥ ࡉ ࢀࠊ2010ᖺ1᭶ 㸯 ᪥ ࡟ ඲ 㠃 ⓗ ࡟ ᪋ ⾜ࠋCOUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 1005/2008 of 29 September 2008, establishing a Community system to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fi shing, amending Regulations (EEC) No 2847/93, (EC) No 1936/2001 and (EC) No 601/2004 and repealing Regulations (EC) No 1093/94 and (EC) No 1447/1999, available at: http://eur- lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:286:0001:0032:EN:PDF.

7) ୰ኸ᪥ሗࠊ2013ᖺ11᭶27᪥ࠊࠕ㹃㹓ࠗ㡑ᅜࠊ㐪ἲ⁺ᴗᅜ࡟ணഛᣦᐃ࠘ࠖࠊavailable at: http://japanese.joins.

com/article/756/178756.html. ṇᘧ࡟ᣦᐃࡉࢀࢀࡤࠊỈ⏘≀ࡢEUᇦෆ࡬ࡢ⚗㍺ᥐ⨨ࡀྲྀࡽࢀࡿࠋ

8) ୰ኸ᪥ሗࠊ2015ᖺ04᭶22᪥ࠊavailable at: http://japanese.joins.com/article/345/199345.html.

9) Newsclip, ࠕࠗ ᨵ ၿ ࡞ ࡅ ࢀ ࡤ 㸴 ࢝ ᭶ ᚋ ࡟ ⚗ ㍺ ࠘ 㹃㹓ࠊ 㐪 ἲ ⁺ ᴗ ࡛ ࢱ ࢖ ࡟ ㆙ ࿌ ࠖࠊavailable at: http://www.

newsclip.be/article/2015/04/23/25462.html.

10) Fisheries Agency, available at: http://www.jfa.maff.go.jp/j/press/kokusai/120711.html. See also, Joint Statement, available at: http://www.jfa.maff.go.jp/j/press/kokusai/pdf/120711-01.pdf.

11) ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶᐇ᪋࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ࡢΰ஘ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊつไࡢ୺せ࡞ᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡿ⁺⋓ド

᫂᭩࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡀ➨୕ᅜྥࡅࡢỈ⏘≀࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୍᫬ⓗ࡟EUᇦෆ࡛ಖ⟶ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞

ሙྜ࡟ࠊ⁺⋓ド᫂᭩ࡢᥦฟࡀᚲせ࠿ၥ㢟࡜ࡉࢀࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀከⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏྥࡅ㌿㍕Ỉ⏘≀ࡢሙྜࠊ᭱

⤊ⓗ࡟ド᫂᭩ࡢᥦฟࡣ୙せ࡜ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௚᪉࡛ࠕ➨୕ᅜྥࡅࠖ࡜ࡍࢀࡤࠊEUᇦෆ࡟IUU⁺ᴗ࡟ࡼࡗ

࡚ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓỈ⏘≀ࡢᣢࡕ㎸ࡳࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶࡲࡓ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓEUࡢつไࡀᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸

2009ᖺ௨๓ࡢỈ⏘≀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᇦෆ࡟Ỉ⏘≀ࡀᣢࡕ㎸ࡲࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶᣔ࠸ཤࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺

ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᮏไᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚IUU⁺ᴗࢆᑒࡌ㎸ࡵࠊ㈨※ಖ඲ࢆᅗࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᡭἲ࡟ࡣࠊ࠿࡞ࡾࡢ㝈⏺ࡀ

࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿࠋ

12) Inter Press Service, ͆Final Push to Launch U.N. Negotiations on High Seas Treaty,͇ available at: http://www.

ipsnews.net/2015/01/fi nal-push-to-launch-u-n-negotiations-on-high-seas-treaty/.

13) A/RES/59/24, available at: http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N04/477/64/PDF/N0447764.

pdf?OpenElement.ࡑ ࡢ ௵ ົ ࡣࠊ㸦a㸧 To survey the past and present activities of the United Nations and other relevant international organizations with regard to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction; 㸦b㸧 To examine the scientifi c, technical, economic, legal, environmental, socio- economic and other aspects of these issues; 㸦c㸧 To identify key issues and questions where more detailed background studies would facilitate consideration by States of these issues; 㸦d㸧 To indicate, where appropriate, possible options and approaches to promote international cooperation and coordination for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction; ࡜ࡉࢀࡓ㸦para. 73㸧ࠋ

14) A/69/780, Annex, ͆Outcome of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group to study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction and Co-Chairs̓

summary of discussions,͇ available at: http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/69/780.

15) A/RES/25/2749, ͆Declaration of Principles Governing the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor, and the Subsoil Thereof, beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction,͇ available at: http://www.un-documents.net/a25r2749.htm.

16) Available at: http://www.ospar.org/html_documents/ospar/html/ospar_convention_e_updated_text_2007.pdf.

17) FOE, available at: http://www.foejapan.org/climate/antarctica/ccamlr_2012.html.

18) OSPAR Commission,

available at: http://www.ospar.org/content/content.asp?menu=00700302210000_000000_000000. ͆2012 Status Report on the OSPAR Network of Marine Protected Areas,͇ available at: http://www.ospar.org/documents/dbase/

publications/p00618/p00618_2012_mpa_status%20report.pdf.

19) OSPAR Commission, ͆2012 Status Report on the OSPAR Network of Marine Protected Areas,͇ ibid. See also, OSPAR Decision 2012/1 on the establishment of the Charlie-Gibbs North High Seas Marine Protected Area, supra note 5.

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20) WWF, available at: http://www.wwf.or.jp/activities/2010/06/835708.html.

21) FAO, available at: http://www.fao.org/fi shery/topic/16204/en.

22) ⎔ቃ┬ࠊavailable at: http://www.biodic.go.jp/biodiversity/about/aichi_targets/index_03.html.ࡼࡾ➃ⓗ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ 10ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺࡢᾏᇦࢆࠕಖㆤ༊ࠖࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊຠᯝⓗ࡟ಖ඲ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜

࡛࠶ࡿࠋSee also, CBD, Aichi Biodiversity Targets, available at: https://www.cbd.int/sp/targets/#GoalC.

23) COP 9 Decision IX/20, available at: https://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/?id=11663.

24) ᅜ ❧ ⎔ ቃ ◊ ✲ ᡤ ⏕ ≀࣭ ⏕ ែ ⣔ ⎔ ቃ ◊ ✲ ࢭ ࣥ ࢱ ࣮ࠊavailable at: http://www.ows-npo.org/member/backno/

tokushu55forWeb.pdf.

25) UN Marine Biodiversity Treaty resolution,23 Jun 2015, ͆A landmark resolution has been adopted by a consensus of UN member states, to develop a legally-bin-ding treaty for the conservation of marine life beyond national territorial waters – that area of the ocean shared by all,͇ available at: http://www.worldfi shing.net/news101/industry-news/

un-marine-biodiversity-treaty-resolution. See also, UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, ͆Marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction Legal and policy framework,͇ available at: http://www.

un.org/depts/los/biodiversityworkinggroup/webpage_legal%20and%20policy.pdf.

26) ᯇ஭2010, p.110.

27) ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ័⩦ἲ໬ࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ඲ࡃ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ2011ᖺ2᭶1᪥࡟ฟࡉࢀࡓࠕᅜ 㝿ᾏᗏᶵᵓ㸦ISA㸧⌮஦఍࠿ࡽࡢせㄳ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ῝ᾏᗏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᥈ᰝάືࢆ⾜࠺ಶேཬࡧᅋయࢆಖドࡍࡿᅜ ᐙࡢ㈐௵ཬࡧ⩏ົ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ່࿌ⓗពぢࠖࡢ୰࡛ࠊITLOSᾏᗏ⣮த⿢ุ㒊ࡣࠊண㜵ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀᅜ㝿័⩦

ἲࡢ୍㒊࡜࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿഴྥ㸦a trend towards making this approach part of customary international law 㸧࡟ࡘ ࡁᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋResponsibilities and Obligations of States sponsoring persons and entities with respect to activities in the Area㸦advisory Opinion㸧, para.135, available at: https://www.itlos.org/fi leadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_

no_17/17_adv_op_010211_en.pdf.

28) ITLOS, 27 August 1999, Order, available at: https://www.itlos.org/fi leadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_no_3_4/

Order.27.08.99.E.pd.

29) Reports of International Arbitral Awards, available at: http://legal.un.org/riaa/cases/vol_XXIII/1-57.pdf.

30) ᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺ࠊ2013ᖺ10᭶17᪥ࠊࠕ࣑ࢼ࣑࣐ࢢࣟ⁺⋓ᯟࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ㸲๭ቑࠉ15㹼17ᖺࠖࠊavailable at:

http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXNASFS1704Y_X11C13A0EE8000/.

31) ICJ, Judgement, 31 March 2014, available at: http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/fi les/148/18136.pdf.

32) ࡇࡢ᮲⣙ࡢつᐃ࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ⥾⣙ᨻᗓࡣࠊྠᨻᗓࡀ㐺ᙜ࡜ㄆࡵࡿᩘࡢไ㝈ཬࡧ௚ࡢ᮲௳࡟ᚑࡗ࡚⮬ᅜẸ ࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ࡀ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊✲ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚㪒ࢆᤕ⋓ࡋࠊẅࡋࠊཬࡧฎ⌮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄆྍࡍࡿ≉ูチྍ᭩ࢆࡇࢀ

࡟୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢ᮲ࡢつᐃ࡟ࡼࡿ㪒ࡢᤕ⋓ࠊẅᐖཬࡧฎ⌮ࡣࠊࡇࡢ᮲⣙ࡢ㐺⏝࠿ࡽ㝖እ ࡍࡿࠋ

33) ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ☜࠿࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏࡣICJࡢุỴࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓㄪᰝᤕ㪒ィ⏬ࢆ⟇ᐃࡋࠊㄪᰝᤕ㪒ࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Fishery Agency, available at: http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/fi les/000061896.pdf.

34) Separate Opinion of Judge CANÇADO TRINDADE, available at: http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/fi les/148/18146.pdf.

35) European Parliament, ͆Towards a Possible International Agreement on Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction,͇ available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2014/536292/IPOL_

STU(2014)536292_EN.pdf.

36) FAO, available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4470e/y4470e00.htm.

37) FAO, available at: http://www.fao.org/fi shery/topic/166308/en.

38) COP 8 Decision VIII/28, Impact assessment: Voluntary guidelines on biodiversity-inclusive impact assessment, available at: https://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/?id=11042.

39) Ministry of Environment, available at: http://www.biodic.go.jp/biodiversity/about/aichi_targets/index_03.html.

40) UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/16/INF/16,11 April 2012, available at: https://www.cbd.int/doc/.../sbstta-16-inf-16-en.doc.

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▼ᶫྍዉ⨾ 2007 ࠕᾏὒ⎔ቃಖㆤ࡜PSSA(≉ูᩄឤᾏᇦ) : ᾏᇦูつไࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡍࡿ㛵㐃ಖㆤᥐ⨨࡜ࡑࡢ㝈⏺ࠖ

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ᯇ஭ⰾ㑻 2010ࠗᅜ㝿⎔ቃἲࡢᇶᮏཎ๎࠘ᮾಙᇽࠊpp.1-395.