Temporal change in numerical magnitude influences time perception(Summary of Awarded Presentation at the 31st Annual Meeting)

(1)

The Japanese Psychonomic Society

NII-Electronic Library Service

The JapanesePsychonomic Society

TheJapaneseJburrtalofPsychenemicScience

2013,

VbL

32,

No.

1,133-134

Summary

of

Awarded

Presentation

Tlemporal

change

in

numerical

magnitude

infiuences

time

_percep

Kyoshiro

SAsAKia*,

Kentaro

YAMAMoTob,

and

Kayo

MiuRAa

aityushu

_Uhiversit14

bTlhe

_Uitiversity

of

_lbkyo

tion

We

examined

the

effect of

temporal

change

in

numerical magnitude on

time

_perception.

In

two

experiments,

we measured

perceived

duration

of numerical

sequences,

in

which

the

numerical magnitude of

digits

(Experiment

1)

or

the

number ofdots

(Experiment

2)

increased

or

decreased

over

time,

The

presentation

durations

ofthe

numer-ical

sequences were sub-second and supra-second.

Experiments

1

and

2

showed

that

the

_perceiyed

duration

of

the

decreasing

sequence was

lenger

than

that

of

the

increasing

sequence

for

any

presentation

duration

except

the

sub-second

duration

of

Experiment

1. These

results suggest

that

temporal

change

in

numerical magnitude

influences

time

_perception,

but

it

takes

a certain

length

of

_presentatien

duration

for

the

effect

to

eccur when

the

magnitude

is

represented

by

symbolic numerosities such as

digits.

Key

words:

time

_perception,

temporal

change, numerical _magnitude

Introduction

studies

have

shown

that

_perceived

time

is

distorted

by

temporal

change

in

the

speed of a moving stimulus

(e.g.,

Sasaki,

Yamamoto,

&

Miura,

2013).

Here,

we examined

wheth-er

temporal

change

in

numerical

magnitude

also

influences

time

_perception.

In

our experiments,

fiye

different

digits

(Ex-periment

1)

or

different

populations

of

dots

(Experiment

2)

were

_presented

sequentially

in

increasing

or

decreasing

order of

numerical

magnitude,

We

measured

perceived

duration

of

these

sequences with a

temporal

reproduction

task,

Experiment

1 Method.

Six

observers

_participated

in

this

experiment,

Stimuli

were

Arabic

nunierals

from

"1"

to

"9L

In

each

trial,

five

of nine

Arabic

stimuli were

_presented

serially

in

two

dif

ferent

sequences,

In

the

increasing

sequence,

the

stimuli

pre-sented

in

the

first,

third,

and

fifth

positions

were

fixed

te

"1",

"S",

and

"9",

respectively,

The

stimuli at

the

second and

fourth

_positiens

were randemly selected

from

"2"

to

"4"

and "6"

to

"8", respectively

The

_presentation

order

of

digits

in

decreasing

sequence was opposite

to

the

order

in

increasing

seguence,

The

_physical

duratien

of

the

sequence was

900

or

1,400

ms.

An

example of a

tria!

is

shown

in

Figure

1. The

observers'

task

was

to

reproduce

the

stimulus

duration

by

pressing

the

spacebar.

A

bleck

consisted of

twe

physical

dura-tions

{900

and

1,400

ms),

two

stimulus

sequences

(increasing

and

decreasing)

and

18

repetitions.

The

trial

order was

ran-domized

across observers and

blocks.

Results

and

Discussion.

A

two-way

within-subjects

ANOVA

with

the

_physical

duration

(900

and

1,400

ms) and

the

numerical

sequence

(increasing

and

decreasing

sequences)

as

factors

showed a significant main effect of

_physical

dura-tion,

F(1,

5)=791.51,p<.eO1,

and significant

interaction

be-tween

_physical

duration

and stimulus seguence,

F(1,

5)=7.81,

p<

,O5.

A

main effect ofstimulus

sequence

was not significant,

F(1,

5)

==

1,31,

p>.30.

Simple

_main-effect

tests

revealed

that

in

the

1,400-ms

condition,

the

_per[eived

duration

ofthe

decreas-ing

sequence was

!onger

than

that

of

the

increasing

sequence,

FC1,

10)=5,16,

_p<.05,

while

this

difference

was not

found

in

the

900-ms

condition,

F(1,

le)=O.05,

p>.82,

These

results suggest

that

temporal

change

in

numerical magnitude

modu-lates

time

_perception.

Howeve4

this

efftictwas

found

only

in

*

_{Cerresponding}

author.

Kyushu

Universityl

6-19-1

Hakozaki,Higashi-ku,Fukuoka812-8581,Japan.

E-mail:k-ssk@klrudaLjp

Repraductlon

Figure

1. A

schematic efa single

trial

of

Experiment

1. Copyright

2el3.

TheJapanese

Psychenomic

Societv

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rights reserved.

(2)

The Japanese Psychonomic Society

NII-Electronic Library Service

The JapanesePsychonomicSociety

I34

The

_Iapanese

_Iournal

of

PsychonomlcScience

VOI.

32,

No.

1 aEwoE'-'Jvoe]vogaoor

asso

1450

d350

1250

1150

1050

950 Figure

2.

900 1400

Duration

(ms)

The

results of

Experiment

2. the

l,400-ms

condition.

Experiment

2 Method,

Seven

observers

_participated

in

Experiment

2. Stimuli

and

_procedure

were

identical

to

Experiment

1,

except

dot

arrays cemposed of one

to

nine

dots

were used

instead

of

digits.

Results

and

Discussien.

The

results are shown

in

Figure

2. A

two-way

within-subjects

ANOVA

showed a significant main effect of

_physical

duration,

F(1,

6)=70.17,

_p<.Oel

and stimulus

sequence,

F(1,

6)=11,50,

_p<,05,

Hewever,

interac-tion

between

_physical

duration

and

stimulus

sequence was not significant,

F(I,

_6)=O.22,p

>

.65,

The

results of

Experiment

2 indicate

that

unlike

the

results of

Experiment

1,

the

per-ceived

duration

of

the

decreasing

sequence was

longer

than

that

of

the

increasing

sequence

for

both

_physical

durations.

GeneralDiscussion

Two

experiments revealed

that

temporal

change

in

numeri-cal magnitude

influenced

time

_perception:

The

decreasing

se-quence

was

_perceived

to

last

longer

than

the

increasing

one.

Given

that

duration

of

larger

magnitude

is

_perceived

as

longer

than

that

of

lower

magnitude

(e,g,,

Xuan,

Zhang,

He,

&

Chen,

2007),

the

initial

digits

or

dots

of a stimulus sequence might

have

astrong

influence

on

the

overall

duration

estimation.

Moreover,

the

results revealed

that

when

the

stimuli were

pre-sented

in

rapid successien, a

difference

in

_perceiyed

duration

was

seen

between

the

dot

sequences

but

not

between

the

digit

sequences,

This

might

be

because

observers

required more

time

to

_grasp

the

rnagnitudes of symbolic numerosities

com-pared

to

non-symbolic numerosities.

The

_present

results are censistent with

_previous

findings

using stimulus motion

(Sasaki

et al.,

2013},

suggesting an

important

relationship

between

sequential

erder

ef

stimulus

intensity

and

temporal

processlng,

References

Sasaki,

K,,

Yinmamoto,

K.,

&

Miura,

K. (2013).

The

difference

in

speed sequence

influences

_perceived

duration.

tion,

42,

198-207.

Xuan,

B.,

Zhang,

D.,

He,

S.,

&

Chen,

X. _(2007).

Larger

stirnuli

arejudged