A Study on the Preservation Treatment of Bamboo With Low Molecular Phenolic Resin [ PDF

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A Study on the Preserva1on Treatment of Bamboo With Low Molecular Phenolic

Resin

Amel BOUCHEFA

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background

Bamboo, as a natural, versa0le, and renewable material , is generally regarded as sustainable material. The poten0al of this plant can be used more extensively in all parts of a building, as architectural and structural elements. But one of the most cri0cal issues of bamboo is being durable. As we know, one of the most important disadvantages of this material is his vulnerability and his easy decay faced to biological and abio0cal causes.

For using bamboo a preserva0on and treatment is suitable; but unfortunately, not so may researchers focus on this topic compared to wood preserva0ons and other materials. In addi0on, no preserva0on methodology has been established in this direc0on.

A lot of tradi0onal temporary treatment was proposed in South Asian country. But usually toxic or not fixed. With a perspec0ve of a sustainable society, it is important to find an eco-‐friendly treatment method more durable and efficient. However, we decide to study the possibility of using a Low Molecular Phenolic Resin to treat the bamboo.

1.2 The Purpose and Objec1ve

The principal objec0ves of this research are:

1.  Applica0on of The Phenolic Resin Treatment On Bamboo.

2.  Inves0gate about witch condi0on of bamboo is more favorable for the phenol treatment.

3.  Understand the process of absorp0on during the process of treatment .

4.  Expose the treated bamboo to accelerated decay condi0on to test the eﬃcacy of treatment

1.3 Research Methodologies

This research was divided to three important groups of experiment:

The ﬁst, was the prepara0on of bamboo before the treatment with Phenol .The second kind of experiment was done during the process of treatment in factory and the third part was the exposi0on of treated bamboo to decay condi0ons. The overall research methodology is shown in (Fig.1).

(Fig.1):Project Processes for Research

3. THE TREATMENT OF BAMBOO WITH LOW MOLECULAR PHENOL RESIN:

2. THE PREPARATION OF BAMBOO:

Nine stems of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) were harvested from Ito campus in Kyushu University. As we see in(Fig2).All stems were cut for three pieces for 1m.

(Fig.2) The Map Of Prepara0on Of Bamboo

A-‐ MOISTURE CONTENT EXPERIMENT:

(Fig.3) .The Map of Moisture content experiment

(Fig.4). MC% in Dry condi0on (Fig.5). MC% in Wet condi0on

From (Fig 4) The MC%=22.7% and the diﬀerence between top and node area is 16.29 %

(Fig.5). MC% in Fresh condi0on

•  The dryer condi0on have a

lower MC%

•  The node area is a cri0cal

zone ,the MC% is always higher

From (Fig 5) MC% =50.5% and the diﬀerence between top and node area is 11.7 % From (Fig 6) MC%=67.2% and the diﬀerence between top and node area is less than 1 %

A.1.1-‐Comparison between node and top area in the 3 groups :

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(Fig.7) The MC% in Group D (Fig.8) The MC% in Group W (Fig.9) The MC% in Group F

B.1 The treatment on factory:

Procedure of phenol treatment is shown in (Fig.10). 10 % concentra0on of Hydroxymethyl Phenol Monomer was used in this study.

(Fig.10) The process of treatment on factory

To understand more the rela0onship between absorp0on of phenol during treatment and increasing weight. We measure the 18 treated pieces during 3 important moments:

•  (1)-‐just before treatment,

•  (2) -‐just afer treatment,

•  (3) -‐Afer drying.

The absorp0on of phenol solu0on in bamboos can be derived from the diﬀerence of weight between before and afer impregna0on. The amount of phenol absorp0on per volume in 6 pieces of bamboos from each group was measured.

The volume of each piece was calculated assuming that the volume of bamboo is a cylinder of 1m long .from the (Fig.11) we conclude then the absorp0on is higher in Group D

(Fig.11) The amount of absorp0on of phenol by volume

B.3.-‐Color test with The Ferric Chloride FeCl3:

During stabiliza0on period we checked with FeCl3 the presence of the phenol in bamboo before the hea0ng process.

The ferric chloride test is a tradi0onal Colorimetric test for phenols, the reac0on is:

FeCl3 + 6 C6H5OH === H3 [Fe (C6H5O) 6] + 3HCl .

The result of this chemical reac0on is a bleu or dark purple color. Samples were taken from top, node and internode area.

(Fig.12) The plan of color test experiment

A.1.2-‐Comparison between MC% all I detail in each pieces in the 3 condi1on:

The drying process in bamboo is from

the top and bogom to middle In case of impregna0on in liquid the absorp0on is higher in the nodes The moisture distribu0on in fresh bamboo is almost equal

B. THE ABSORPTION OF PHENOL:

B.2.-‐The Weight Measurement During The Process Of Treatment

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C. THE EXPERIMENTS AFTER TREATMENT:

C.1 Fungal test:

To know the degree of eﬃciency of treatment, we expose the treated bamboo to an accelerated decay test with Fomitopsis palustris fungus called also brown-‐rot fungus.

According to the condi0on of the Industrial Japanese Standards the taken samples were caged to same dimension, washed 100mes with dis0llated water in magne0c washer and were biosided during 2 weeks and during 12 weeks the samples were subjected fungal agack in condi0on of 250_{c
and
80%
moisture
.}

(Fig.18) The plan of fungal test experiment

In this experiment a rings in top, node and internodes was picked up of bamboo pieces.(Fig18)

(Fig.19) the process of decay in dry condi0ons .

(Fig.20) the process of decay in wet

condi0ons

(Fig.22) the best and worst mass loss result. . (Fig.21) the process

of decay in fresh condi0ons .

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From (Fig.22) we analyze under the light microscope the worst condi0on of mass loss and we saw some cracks and holes.

In the best condi0on the phenolic resin appear in surface. So, if the phenol s0ll inside the bamboo cells afer polymeriza0on the is eﬀec0ve against fungal agack.

From (fig.13) (fig.14) and (fig.15) we understand that the phenol was present in each part of each group just before the hea0ng period .

(Fig.13) The top area from each group

(Fig.14) The node area from each group

(Fig.17) The internode area from each group

From (fig.13) (fig.14) and (fig.15) we understand that the phenol was present in each part of each group just before the hea0ng period .

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C. 3 UV decay :

(Fig.26) The insect agack experiment . (

(Fig.27) The plan of UV decay experiment .

(Fig.28) The condi0ons of UV test .

(Fig.29) The color degrada0on in south orienta0on

4-‐ Conclusion and Sugges1ons :

[References }: AFTER 4 MONTH .

Afer four month the moment the insect decay process did not start yet .

In this experiment the objec0ve was to prove the color changing with L*,a*,b* data always taken in same windows with the color meter machine and compare between north and south facade degrada0on as we see (Fig 28)

1.  Liese W. 1998. The anatomy of bamboo culms. INBAR Technical Report 18: 156–158.

2.  Liese W & Kumar s. 2003. Bamboo preser va0on compendium. INBAR Technical Report 22: 41–4 3.  Liese W & WaLter K. 1978. Deteriora0on of bagasse

during storage and its preven0on. Pp 247–250 in Proceedings of the Fourth Biodeteriora0on Symposium. 28 August–1 September 1978, Berlin. 4.  宇野昌一:鯉竹材の性質と其の適用”,西ケ原刊行会 (1940) 5.  島地謙,須藤彰司,原田浩:鰻木材の組織”,森北出版,p.244(1976) 6.  茂庭忠次郎:艘竹の研究”,土木技術社(1943) 7.  林大九郎:検鏡用木材切片の製作法について,第5回日本木材学会研究発表要旨(1957)

8.  T. Furuno, Y. Imamura, H. Kajita , The modiﬁca0on of wood by treatment with low molecular weight phenol-‐ formaldehyde resin. Wood Sci Technol 37 (2004) 349– 361

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From the UV test experiment we conclude that the lightness is decreasing faster in south facade compered to north facade.

The phenolic resin treatment of bamboo in factory was esthe0cally eﬀec0ve because the color of bamboo s0ll the same with more brightness.

The treatment against the fungal agack was eﬀec0ve when it was ﬁxed inside cells during the polymeriza0on period.

Afer four month of insect test and UV decay test, the degrada0on process did not start yet but compared to natural bamboo the treated one is in beger condi0ons. Because of the complexity of bamboo anatomy the treatment in factory should be adjusted compared to wood treatment.

The future objec1ves will be:

•  Adap0ng the phenol treatment to bamboo .

•  More inves0ga0ons about The Absorp0on process.

•  Increase the amount of ﬁxed phenol in the hea0ng period

C.2 The Insect decay :

(Fig.24) the posi0on of bamboo in the ground .

Only 3 pieces of bamboo was removed every week for weight measurement, the other 6 pieces was kept in the ground to do not disturb the process of decay.

In this experiment treated pieces and 3 natural pieces of 60cm long was used as we see in (Fig23)This pieces had been buried to 30cm deep (Fig24)