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檜山 隆

電力システム研究室

熊本大学大学院自然科学研究科

自然エネルギー利用電源および蓄電システムを含む分散電源の 運用・制 御

実験室用電力系統を用いたマルチエージェントシステムの実験的検証

(2)

Intelligent Systems Application to Power Systems

1. Expert System (Rule Base System) 2. Fuzzy Inference & Fuzzy Reasoning 3. Fuzzy Logic Control

3. Artificial Neural Network 4. Heuristic Approach

(Genetic Algorithm, Tabu Search, SA) 5. Multi-Agent System (Intelligent Agent)

International Conferences

ESAP(Expert System Application to Power Systems)

ANNPS(Application of Neural Network to Power Systems)

Now, ISAP(Intelligent Systems Application to Power Systems)

(3)

Research Topics

1. Real Time Wide Area Stability Monitoring System

2. Real Time Stability Margin Control of Electric Power Systems

3. Operation, Control and Management of Dispersed Power Sources including Renewable Energy Power Sources and Energy Storage Device

4. Artificial Neural Network Based Identification of Fault Location 5. Application of Energy Capacitor System to Power System Control

6. Multi-Agent Based Wide Area Operation, Control and Management of Electric Power Systems

7. Multi-Agent Based Hierarchical Stabilization Control of Power Systems

8. Multi-Agent Based AGC for Isolated Power Systems including Renewable Energy Power Sources and Energy Storage Device

9. Rule Based Voltage and Power Flow Management

10. Remote Tuning of Power System Controllers through Computer Network

11. Artificial Neural Network Based Estimation of Power Demand and Electricity Cost

12. Artificial Neural Network Based Diagnosis of Induction Machines

13. Development of Real Time PV System Simulator and MPPT Control under

Partially Shaded Condition

(4)

Electric Power Systems Laboratory (Prof. Hiyama’s Laboratory) October 2009

(5)

Facilities for Experimental Studies

1. 5kVA Laboratory One Machine Power System:

5kVA Synchronous Generator 7kW DC Motor

Transmission Line Modules Load Modules

2. 70Wh New Energy Storage Device(ECS):

Electrical Double Layer Capacitors

Maximum Charging/Discharging Power: 7kW 3. AC/DC Conversion Unit for Real Power Control 4. AC/DC Conversion Unit:

Active/Reactive Power Control 5. Wind Turbine Generators: 600W 6. PV System: 400W

7. VPN: Virtual Private Network

---

Analog Power System Simulator at the Research

Laboratory of Kyushu Electric Power Co. for Joint

Research Projects: 10 to 14 weeks a year

(6)

DC100V 7kW Motor

220V 5kVA Generator

Transmission Line Module

ECS and AC/DC Conversion Unit

ECS

AC/DC Conversion Unit

Controller

Experimental Facilities (1)

ECS: Energy Capacitor System Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors MG Set

We have several AC/DC conversion units for PV and WTG system and also

for different control purposes.

(7)

ECS

交直変換器

制御装置

Experimental Facilities (2)

Small Sized Wind Turbine Generating Units

Photo-Voltaic Generating

Units

(8)

Analog Power System Simulator at the Research Laboratory of Kyushu Electric Power Co. (10 to 15 weeks per year)

Preparation of Simulator Test

Overview of Analog Power System

Simulator

(9)

Multi-Agent Based Control System for Electric Power Systems

Monitoring Agents

Pre-Filtering

Voltage Profile Power Flow Profile Stability

Strategy of Voltage Control

Strategy of Power Flow

Control

Strategy of Stabilization

Control

Strategy of Emergency

Control

Evaluation Agents

Supervisor Agents

Control Agents

・・

・・・

・・

・・・

Cognitive Agents Reactive

Agent

(10)

マルチエージェントシステムの適用による負荷平準化制御

(11)

Introduction

Renewable Energy Power Sources:

Photo-Voltaic Generation & Wind Turbine Generation Conventional Power Sources:

Diesel Generation & Gas Turbine Generation Energy Storage Devices:

Energy Capacitor System (Electrical Double Layer Capacitors)

A number of new distributed power generation technologies are currently available to offer

integrated performance and flexibility for the power consumers.

(12)

Multi-Agent Based Coordinated Operation of Dispersed Power Sources

Micro Bas Turbine System

Wind Turbine Unit

Diesel Unit

NAS Battery

Distribution Substation New Energy

Storage Device Photo - Voltaic

System Fuel Cell

Distribution Substation

Upper System Upper System

Power Distribution Network

Computer Network

Controllable Power Sources

Monitoring Agent

Control Agent

Renewable Power Sources Distribution Substation

Supervisor Agent

(13)

Multi-Agent System

Three Types of Agents:

Monitoring Agents for the distribution of required information through the computer network (Reactive Agent)

Control Agents for the charging/discharging operation on the ECS and also for the power regulation on the diesel units (Reactive

Agent)

Supervisor Agent for the coordination between the ECS and the

diesel units (Cognitive Agent)

(14)

Multi-Agent Based Load Leveling of Distribution System

ECS

Diesel Unit

Computer Network Monitoring

Agent

P

m

P

ECS

W

ECS

Distribution Lines

Pup

P

m

Supervisor Agent

P

ECS

W

ECS

Control Agent Pup

Monitoring Agent

:

(15)

Conventional Load Leveling Control on Diesel Unit

 Pup:Deviation of Power Flow from Upper System Pm: Output Setting of Diesel Unit

K PD +

s K ID

 Pup Pm

Limiter

(16)

Proposed Load Leveling Control (Supervisor Agent)

Pup: Power Flow Deviation from Upper System PS ECS : Output Setting of ECS

K P +

s K I

Pup PS ECS

Limiter

(17)

Wr : Target Stored Energy, Wr : Target Stored Energy, WECS WECS : Current Stored Energy : Current Stored Energy PECS

PECS : Power from ECS : Power from ECS

Pm Pm : Power Regulation on Diesel Unit for Coordination with ECS : Power Regulation on Diesel Unit for Coordination with ECS

1. A small sized ECS is considered in this study, therefore, the

1. A small sized ECS is considered in this study, therefore, the regulation of regulation of the output from the diesel unit is required

the output from the diesel unit is required to keep the stored energy level to keep the stored energy level of the ECS in a proper range

of the ECS in a proper range. .

2. The ECS provides the main function of load leveling control a

2. The ECS provides the main function of load leveling control and the diesel nd the diesel unit provides its supplementary function to support the load lev

unit provides its supplementary function to support the load leveling eling control on the ECS.

control on the ECS.

s G I

Pm

Limiter

Wr

P ECS G P

1 + sT1

W ECS + + 1

+ _

Coordination between ECS and Diesel Unit (Supervisor Agent)

(18)

6.6kV Distribution System on Analog Power System Simulator

(19)

Overview of Analog Power System Simulator at the Research Laboratory of Kyushu Electric Power Co.

Analog Power System Simulator

Monitoring Agent Control Agent

Supervisor/Control Agent

(20)

Load Leveling Control (Fixed Load)

With Diesel Unit With Diesel & ECS Units

Real Power from Upper System

Power from PV Unit

Power from Wind Turbine Unit

Power from Diesel Unit Power from ECS

Stored Energy on ECS Frequency Deviation

(21)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 -500

0 500

Pup(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 50 100 150

Ppv(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 500 1000 1500

Pwg(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 2000 4000

Pdg(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pecs(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 1 2

Wecs(kWh)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pload(kW)

time(s)

Load Leveling Control (Ramp Load Change)

With Diesel Unit With Diesel & ECS Units

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pup(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 50 100 150

Ppv(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 500 1000 1500

Pwg(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 2000 4000

Pdg(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pecs(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 1 2

Wecs(kWh)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pload(kW)

time(s)

Real Power from Upper System

Power from PV Unit

Power from Wind Turbine Unit

Power from Diesel Unit

Power from ECS

Stored Energy on ECS

Ramp Load Change

(22)

Load Leveling Control (Periodical Load)

With Diesel Unit With Diesel & ECS Units

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pup(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 50 100 150

Ppv(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 500 1000 1500

Pwg(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 2000 4000

Pdg(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pecs(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 1 2

Wecs(kWh)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pload(kW)

time(s)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pup(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 50 100 150

Ppv(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 500 1000 1500

Pwg(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 2000 4000

Pdg(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pecs(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 1 2

Wecs(kWh)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pload(kW)

time(s)

Real Power from Upper System

Power from PV Unit

Power from Wind Turbine Unit

Power from Diesel Unit

Power from ECS

Stored Energy on ECS

Ramp Load Change

(23)

Load Leveling Control (Step & Random Load Change)

With Diesel Unit With Diesel & ECS Units

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pup(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 50 100 150

Ppv(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 500 1000 1500

Pwg(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 2000 4000

Pdg(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pecs(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 1 2

Wecs(kWh)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pload(kW)

time(s)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pup(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 50 100 150

Ppv(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 500 1000 1500

Pwg(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 2000 4000

Pdg(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pecs(kW)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 1 2

Wecs(kWh)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-500 0 500

Pload(kW)

time(s)

Real Power from Upper System

Power from PV Unit

Power from Wind Turbine Unit

Power from Diesel Unit

Power from ECS

Stored Energy on ECS

Ramp Load Change

(24)

ECS PC

A/D DSP D/A

AC/DC Conversion Unit

5kVA 3 φ 220V

ECS Terminal Voltage Control Signal Pup

Upper System

3 φ 220V

70Wh -3kW/3kW

Variable Load

Laboratory System for Load Leveling Control

(25)

マルチエージェントシステムの適用による単独系統の 自動発電制御

Journal of Engineering Intelligent Systems, Vol. 13, No. 2 (2005)

(26)

Configuration of Multi-Agent Based AGC System

ECS

Diesel Unit Computer

Network

Monitoring Agent

P

m

P

ECS

W

ECS

Distribution Network

 f

P

m

Supervisor Agent

P

ECS

W

ECS

Control Agent Monitoring

Agent

:

Control

Agent

(27)

Conventional AGC on Diesel Unit

 f: Frequency Deviation on Diesel Unit Pm: Output Setting of Diesel Unit

K PD +

s K ID

 f Pm

Limiter

(28)

Proposed AGC (Supervisor Agent)

f: Frequency Deviation of Diesel Unit PS ECS : Output Setting of ECS

Tdelay: Communication Delay Time

K P +

s K I

f PS ECS

Limiter

e - sT delay

Delay Time Block

(29)

Wr : Target Stored Energy, Wr : Target Stored Energy, WECS WECS : Current Stored Energy : Current Stored Energy PECS

PECS : Power from ECS : Power from ECS

Pm2 Pm2 : Power Regulation on Diesel Unit for Coordination with ECS : Power Regulation on Diesel Unit for Coordination with ECS Tdelay

Tdelay : Communication Delay Time : Communication Delay Time

1. A small sized ECS is considered in this study, therefore, the

1. A small sized ECS is considered in this study, therefore, the regulation of regulation of the output from the diesel unit is required

the output from the diesel unit is required to keep the stored energy level to keep the stored energy level of the ECS in a proper range

of the ECS in a proper range. .

2. The ECS provides the main function of AGC and the diesel unit

2. The ECS provides the main function of AGC and the diesel unit provides a provides a supplementary function to support the AGC on the ECS.

supplementary function to support the AGC on the ECS.

s G I

Pm

Limiter

Wr

P ECS G P

1 + sT1

W ECS + + 1

+ _

T delay

Coordination between ECS and Diesel Unit (Supervisor Agent)

(30)

CON ECS

Commercial Power Source

220V

Variable Load

S2

S1

Generator 5kVA 220V

Laboratory System for AGC

ECS AC/DC

Conversion Unit 220V 5kVA

Generator DC100V 7kW

DC Motor

Variable Load

Control System

AC/DC Converter

ECS Voltage Divider

(31)

Conventional Control Proposed AGC

fmaxfave

Conventional 0.802 0.263

Proposed 0.068 0.011

AGC for Step Load Change 1

(32)

Conventional Control Proposed AGC

fmax (Hz)fave (Hz)

Conventional 0.702 0.257

Proposed 0.056 0.016

AGC for Periodic Load Change

(33)

Proposed AGC

fmax (Hz)fave (Hz) Conventional 0.396 0.052

Proposed 0.070 0.009

AGC for Step Load Change 2 & 3

Proposed AGC

fmax (Hz)fave (Hz) Conventional 0.477 0.062

Proposed 0.061 0.009

(34)

without AGC Proposed AGC

fmax (Hz)fave (Hz)

without AGC 0.568 0.200

Proposed 0.067 0.019

AGC for Random Load Change

(35)

without AGC Proposed AGC

fmax (Hz)fave (Hz)

without AGC 0.101 0.050

Proposed 0.028 0.009

AGC under Large Disturbance

(36)

自然エネルギー利用電源を含むハイブリッド電源の出力平準化

(37)

Output from PV System Output from Wind Generation System

Sunny day

Cloudy day Rainy day

Fluctuation of Power Output

(38)

ECS Vt (V) Uecs WT

PV

ECS

Real P (pu)

Infinite bus (Commercial Power Source)

AC/DC Converter AC/DC Converter

Variable Load

AD DSP DA

PC Location of

Monitoring

PC Based Controller

Configuration of Laboratory System

(39)

Stored Energy in Wh

Capacitance (F)

DC side terminal voltage Monitoring of DC side voltage

Control System

AC/DC Converter

ECS Voltage Divider

3600

* 1 2

1 2 CV Wh

: C

: V

Estimation of Stored Energy

(40)

Rule-based Regulation PI-type Regulation

Recovery of Stored Energy

Experimental Results (1)

(41)

Constant Output Small and Gradual Variation

Experimental Results (2)

Rule-based Regulation PI-type Regulation

(42)

Within Operation Range

Rule-based Regulation PI-type Regulation

Experimental Results (3)

Within Operation Range

(43)

Load2 Diesel Unit

WTG Unit 1000kVA ECS

Hybrid System

Load9 Bus6 Bus5

Load7 Bus8

Load5 Bus4

Load6 Load4

Bus7 Bus3

Load8 Bus2

Bus1

6.6kV Distribution

Substation

Load2 Diesel Unit

WTG Unit 1000kVA ECS

Hybrid System

Load9 Bus6 Bus5

Load7 Bus8

Load5 Bus4

Load6 Load4

Bus7 Bus3

Load8 Bus2

Bus1

6.6kV Distribution

Substation

Analog Simulator Tests

(44)

Rule-based Regulation PI-type Regulation

Typical Results in Analog Simulator Test

(45)

Thank you for your attention.

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