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Composite model of the KV channel.

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プロトノフォア(脱共役剤)

1920年代やせ薬として使用

死亡 モネンシン

Na+と結合する線状ポリエーテルカルボン酸

グラミシジン 15アミノ酸からなる直鎖ペプチド チャネルを作って一価のカチオンを通す

107・K+ イオン/secで輸送    低い選択性

0.4 nm

βへリックス輸送

   低い選択性

NMR structure of gramicidin A embedded in a dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine bilayer.

4Å 約25Å

N:青 O:赤 C:緑

Figure 10-3

マルトポリンの構造

!バレル構造

X-Ray structure of the KcsA K+ channel from Streptomyces lividans.

Science v. 280, p. 69 (1998)

(2)

The Vision of the Pore 1998年 Science

Portions of the KcsA K+ channel responsible for its ion selectivity viewed similarly

A schematic diagram of the KcsA K+ channel

Predicted secondary structure and membrane orientation of voltage-gated K+ channels.

Kvチャネル

Composite model of the KV channel.

Figure 10-8

電位依存KV channelのX線構造.

(3)

Figure 10-9b,c

Arg残基(脱分極で引っ張られる)

電位依存KV channelの膜貫通ドメインの動き.

Figure 10-11a

ウシ赤血球アクアポリンAQP1のX線構造

Figure 10-12

アクアポリンAQP1の水分子透過機構のモデル

Thermodiynamic Principles

熱力学の法則

1) エンタルピーの定義:H = U + PV ΔH = ΔU +PΔV,  ΔU = ΔQ - ΔW       (第一法則)

ΔH = ΔQ - ΔW +PΔV = ΔQ - ΔW’

2)エントロピー:S dS = dQ/T (可逆過程)

U:エネルギー P:圧力 V:体積 Q:熱 W:仕事

水の蒸発のΔHvap=40.7 kJmol-1

T=373 °Kであるから ΔSvap= 109.1 JK -1

蒸気になるときの エンタルピー変化

3) ギブスの自由エネルギー:G = H - TS    ΔG = ΔH - TΔS(等温条件)

1N = 1 Kg・m・s-2 [N・m] = [J]

0.24 cal = 1J = 1 Kg・m2・s-2 1/2・mv2 = 1/2・(2 kg)・(1 m・s-1)2 = 1 Kg・m2・s-2 = 1Nm

質量2 kgが1 m・s-1の速さで動いているものの 運動エネルギーに1Jが対応

Figure 10-9b,c  Arg残基(脱分極で引っ張られる) 電位依存KV channelの膜貫通ドメインの動き.  Figure 10-11a  ウシ赤血球アクアポリンAQP1のX線構造  Figure 10-12  アクアポリンAQP1の水分子透過機構のモデル  Thermodiynamic Principles   熱力学の法則 1) エンタルピーの定義:H = U + PV  ΔH = ΔU +PΔV,  ΔU = ΔQ - ΔW                   (第一法則)  ΔH =

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