Identification and Morphological Characteristics of Clethrionomys rufocanus, Eothenomys shanseius, E. inez and E. eva from the USSR, Mongolia, and Northern and Central China-香川大学学術情報リポジトリ

February 1992 J．Mamm．Soc．Japan16（2）：71−95

IdentificationandMorphologicalCharacteristicsof

〔ソ（仙・／り／∼りノノ叩J7（バれ／JJ／J∫、苦り／ん川り川．l・べ・ヾん川∫（ゾ／／∫．

E．inez andE．evafromtheUSSR，Mongolia，

and Northern and CentralChina

YukibumiKANEKO β／（−／（融、〟／上‘血）ノ再（−り・．凡〔、J〟小耳＆7机・‘〟ね′∼．んぜ〟＝・〟〔J′∼扉，さ巾・・ 7妻ゑα郁αね〟76玖ノ（砂α乃 （Accepted12July1991）

Abstract．Museumspecimensof236red−backedvolesfromthesouthernpart

oftheUSSR，Mongolia，andtheProvincesofInnerMongolia，Hopei，Shansi，

Shensi，Kansu，Chinghai，Hupeh，andSzechwaninChinawerecomparedwith

69specimensofCleth7iononv）S明わcanusfromFinland・Thedistancefromthe

mostp？Sterioredgeoftheupper3rdmolar（M旦）tothemostanteriorpointon

theincISOr（I−M3）correlatedpositivelywithagesdeterminedbythedevelop−

mentalstagesofmolarrootsintheyear−rOundsamplesfromFinland・Inthe

samplesfromFinlandandfromeightlocalitiesintheUSSRandMongolia46D

Normore（GroupA），mOStOftheskullsmeasuringI−M3＝14・6mmormoredid

nothavealveolarcapsulestoindicaterootdevelopment．Ontheotherhand，in

the samples fromlllocalitiesinnorthern China situated from370to410N，

alveolarcapsulesindicatingrootlessmolarswereobservedeveninskullswhere

I−M3＝14．6mmormore．Inthesamplesfrom18localitiesincentralChina

from3lOto390N，allskulls had anI−M30f14．6mm orless，and alveolar

capsuleswerefoundeveninadultfemaleshavingprominentmammaeonthe

skin．AdultanimalslargerthanthesmallestI−M3class（0・3mminterval）of

the adult femalesin the respectivelocalities are dividedinto two groups

（GroupsBandC）bytherelationbetweenI−M3andinterorbitalwidth（IOW）・

GroupBanimalshadlargerI−M3andsmallerIOW，includingtheholotypeof

C7俗eOnWSShanseius，WhereasthoseofGroupChadsmallerI−M3andlarger

IOW．GroupCspecimenscouldbefurtherdividedintotwogroups（C−1andC−

2）basedontherelationbetweenトM3andtai11ength（TL）・Givenanincrease

inI−M3，SPeCimensinGroupCLlhadashorterTL，includingtheholotypesof

Microtus（Eothenonv）S）inezandM．（E．）nux，WhereasthoseofGroupC−2hada

longer TL，including the holotypes of M．（CaYyOnyS）eva，M・（Ca73）OnWS）al−

Cそnous，andCmseoプク研aquilus・GroupAspecimensareidentifiedasCleth−

nonoプ叩S ndbcanusbythepresenceofroots andtheagevariationofmolar

patternsonM3，Whereas，basedontheabsenceofroots，GroupBspecimensare

classifiedasEshanseius，GroupC−1asE．inez，andGroupC−2asE．eva．The

holotype of Minez jeholicuswithunwornM3is

．

demarcationlinebetweenC・n4bcanusandEothenonwsis

． r reviewed． 八一し＿、・什・り・心‥＝′／け／・刷りり、、叩′∴砧′〃・＼‥古砧′′り′ノ”・→ん′′＝／′′バ：／∵・血・・′′…り・、 inez；Eothenonv）S eua；EasternAsia．

72 〟（7J汀血）

Except for ClethrionoククりS rutilus，Classification of other red−backed voles （Clethrionoプクり惜andEothenonws）fromtheProvincesofInnerMongolia，Hopei， Shansi，Shensi，Kansu，Szechwan，and HupehinChinahasbeenverycomplir Cated．Followlng the description of seven new forms，three classifications havebeenproposed．Hinton（1926）1umpedsixformsintoEvotonv）S（＝Cleth− riononws）ndbcanus，eXCludingoneformwhichwasdescribedafterpublication Ofhiswork．Allen（1940）designated thevoles fromInner Mongolia，Hopei， andShansias C．n4bcanus，andrecognizedtwo orientalvolesasEothenonり′S inez from Shansiand Shensi，and E．eva from Shansi，Shensi，Kansu，and Hupeh．Corbet（1978）recognizedthreeorientalvoles，E．shanseiusfromHopei andShansi，E．inez andEeva．

MorphologicalvariationanddistributionofredLbackedvoleshavenever

been clarified for northern and centralChina for three reasons．First，the

precedingclassificationshavenotbeenuniformlyappliedbyothertaxonomists

（Ellerman，1941；Tokuda，1941；Ognev，1950；Ellerman＆Morrison−Scott， 1951；Shou，1962；Gromov＆Polyakov，1977；Honackiet al．，㌧1982；Hu＆ Wang，1984）．Secondly，identification keys are very simple and only crude distributionmaps are available（Corbet，1978）．Finally，manyfaunalstudies

recently publishedin China haveneither mentioned the classification system

adoptednortheidentificationmethodused（Li，1965；Tan et al．，1965；Zhao， 1978；Chenetal．，1980；Zheng，1982；Liueial．，1984；Zhang，1984；Laing＆ Zhang，1985；Zhang，1987；Wang，1990；Zheng＆Zha丘g，1990）． Inthepresentpaper，Icompareexternal，Cranialandmolarcharacteristics Ofred−backedvolesfromtheUSSR，Mongolia，andnorthernandcentralChina WiththoseofC．ndbcanusfromFinland．Ipresentmorepracticalcriteriato identifythevolesintheseregionsandshowthedistributionsofthespeciesin detail．

Materials and M：ethods

A totalof305specimens were examined：69specimens of C．n4bcanus COllectedfromKilpisjarvi，Finland（69003′N，20049′E）fromFebruarytoNovem− ber，1983，by A．Kaikusalo；and 236 specimens of Clethriononws and Eo−

thenonys from the southern part ofthe USSR，Mongolia，and northern and SOuthern China（the Provinces of Hopei，Shansi，Shensi，Kansu，Chinghai， Hupeh，and Szechwan）housedin the followinginstitutions：the British Museum（NaturalHistory）（BM），U．K．；theMuseumofComparativeZoology， HarvardUniversity（MCZ），theAmericanMuseumofNaturalHisory（AMNH）， theUnitedStatesNationalMuseumofNaturalHistory（USNM），andtheField Museum of NaturalHistory（FMNH），U．S．．A．；theInstitute of Zoology， Academia Sinica（ASZI），Beijing，and the Northwest PlateauInstitute of Biology，AcademiaSinica（ASNPIB），Sining，China；andtheYamashinaInsti− tuteforOrnithology（YIO），Chiba，Japan．

73

見通−∂α戊edlわJβざカⅥ∽蝕ねγ柁A5ぬ

COllected，muSeurh，and registration number of allspecimens examined are

listedinAppendixA．Latitudeandlongitudeofthelocalitiesweredetermined

fromgazetteersinZhuang（1983）andSu（1984）．AppendixBincludesremarks

On the typelocalities of Cmseon砂S Shanseius Thomas，1908and Ca7yOnWS

aquilusAllen，1912．Some ofthesespecimenswerepreviouslydescribed and

identified（Thomas，1908a，b，1909，1910a，b，1911a，b，C，d，1912a，b；Clark＆

Sowerby，1912；Hollister，1913；Allen，1912，1924，1940；Hinton，1926；Howe11， 1929；Kuroda，1939；Ellerman，1941；Ellerman＆Morrison−Scott，1951；Tan

et al．，1965；Corbet，1978）．

Taillength（TL）was recorded from the skinlabel．The presence of mammae and the number of nipples were checked for female specimens．

Incisor−3rdmolarlength（トM3）andinterorbitalwidth（IOW）weremeasuredon undamagedskullstothenearestO．1mmwithadialcaliperbytheauthor．The

ILM3isthedistancefromthemostanteriorpointontheincisorto themost posterioredgeoftheM3．TheIOWistheshortestdistanceofthefrontalbones

between orbits．The condylobasallength（CBL）was not applied，because

manyskullsweredamaged．

ThedisappearenceoftheM2alveolarcapsulewasrecordedfortheskulls

Of C．ndbcanus from Finland and allmuseum specimens（Prychodko，1951； Koshkina，1955）．Three stages were recognized：a StrOng arChed alveolar CapSule；anintermediate stage，in which the capsuleis slightly swollen；a CapSuleflattenedandreducedtoastraightline． TheageofskullsofC．7頑canusfromFinlandwasdeterminedaccording tothedevelopmentalstagesoftheirmolarrootsfo1lowingthecriteriaofAbe （1976）．Sixageclassesweredetermined：Ⅰ＋ⅠⅠ，III＋IV，Ⅴ，lessthan33％of rootratio（ⅤⅠ），from33to60％ofrootratio（VII），and61％ormoreofrootratio （ⅤⅠⅠⅠ）．

Adultmuseumspecimensweredeterminedashavingasizegreaterthanthe

SmallestI−M3class（0．3mminterval）offemaleswiththepresenceofmammae Ontheskinintherespectivelocalities（Fig．3）． EnamelpatternsofocclusalsurfaceonMl，M2，andM3weredrawnfor museumspecimensfromclose−uppicturesofthemolarrows（1．75×magnifica− tion）usingastereomicroscope（SMZ−10）producedbyNikonat6．6×magnifica−

tionafterthepicturesweretakeninthemuseumwithanaccessoryclose−up

lensattachedtoanOlympuscamera．

EnamelpatternsonM3wereclassifiedfirstintofourtypesaccordingto

Abe（1982）．Type4＋5iscomplexwiththreereentrantanglesonthebuccal Side；type6hasthreesalientanglesonthebuccalside，aShortposteriorloop，

and a confluent dentalisthmus between triangles；Type9has three salient

anglesinwhichtheinternalposteriorenamellamellaisstraightto convex；

Type7＋8hasthree・Salientangles onthebuccalside with slightly concave internalposteriorlamella，WhichType9doesnot．Type9andType7＋8were

furtherdividedintoType9′andType（7十8）′，reSpeCtively，inwhichaconfluent dentalisthmusbetweenalltrianglesispresent．

74 助乃（戒0

TheoccurrenceofasmallextraposteriorLinternalangleonMlandM2

wasalsochecked．Theposterior−internalenamellamellawasclassifiedbased

Onthepresenceorabsenceofaprominentangle．

Results l．Vdriation〆Clethrionomysrufocanus InthelargesampleofC．ndbcanusfromFinland，I−M3correlatespositive− 1ywiththesixageclassesdefinedbyrootdevelopment（r＝0．796，U＝67，P＜ 0．001）and may be used as an approximateindicator of age（Fig．1）．The

alveolarcapsuledisappearsonceI−M3reaches14．8mm．Amongthe16skulls inthe13．0−14．7mmI−M3range，OneSkullhasanintermediatecapsulestage （6．2％）；amOngthelOskullsinthe14．8−15．OmmI−M3range，Sixskullshavean intermediatestageorlosethecapsule（60．0％）；andwhereI−M3＝15．1mmor more，allskullslose the capsule．Root development（ⅤⅠ，VIIand VIIIage classes）isobservedinthreeamongfourskullswithoutcapsulesinthe14．8−

−●鴎ゝ

・・−1W・

A ●● ●ム ●

現品・

○。。。§

13 14 15 16 17mm

I−M3

Fig．1．Relationship betweenincisor−3rd molarlength（I−M3），age Classes（Ⅰ−ⅤⅠⅠⅠ），and

developmentofalveolarcapsuleinC．n4bcanusfromFin1and．SymboIs：CapSulepresent＝ OpenCircle；CapSuleabsent＝Closedcircle；andintermediatestage＝Opentriangle．

凡、lナーみ汀ん−√Jlt）ん・∫ノねJJJ長打Jりフナ．▲h山 75 15．OmmトM3range（75％），andin4lof43skullswithoutcapsuleswhereI−M3＝ 15．1mmormore（95．3％）．Consequently，theabsenceofthecapsuleisagood indicatorforrootdevelopmentinskullswhereI−M3＝15．1mmormore． ThedisappearenceofthealveolarcapsuleinrelationtoトM3iscompared amongthesamplescollectedindifferentmonths（Fig．2）．In C．glanolus，the

developmentofmolarrootsisknowntobemoreretardedintheautumn−born

cohortthaninthespringorsummercohort（Lowe，1971；Zejda，1971）．The capsule disappearsin specimens collectedin May．whereI−M3＝14．6mm or more，WhereasthecapsuleisabsentinspecimenscollectedinJulyandSeptem− berwhereトM3＝15．5mmormore，Whichsuggestsaretardationofmolarroot formation．Inthefollowingcomparisonofcapsuledevelopment，theabsence

ofcapsulesindicatingrootdevelopmentisspecifiedintheskullclasseswhere

I−M3＝14．6−15．2mm or more，and the museum specimens aregivenin two collectionperiods：thefirsthalfoftheyear（JanuarytoJune），andthesecond halfoftheyear（JulytoDecember）． 二一．＝／J・高／／■り／イ．、小一九仇汁り小叫＝≠．ヾ・り／／ん一川Jh・／・！／−／／／、J二＼ヾ化l／‖肘′／／′′、・／′／′／ ∧「（〃軸げノブのJd艮びJビr〃C／J／JJ（7 PlotsofトM3，theabsenceofalveolarcapsuleandthepresenceofmammae

ontheskinhavebeenarrangedfromnorthtosouthforthemuseumspecimens

examined（Fig．3）．Fiftyrtwo adult females with mammae on the skin are

foundamong230specimensfromLocaIitieslto37．SkullsfromLocalitiesl

to19exhibitI−M3＝14．6mmormore，WhereasthosefromLocalities20to37 haveI−M30fless than14．6mm．The absence of capsulesindicating root developmentis foundin skullsin whichIrM3＝14．6mm or more；allsuch

Fig．2．Monthlyvariationoffrequencydistributionsofincisor−3rdmolarlength（Ⅰ−M3）with development of alveolar capsulein C．ndbcanus from Finland．One squareindicates one SpeCimen．SymboIs：CapSulepresest＝OpenreCtangle；CapSuleabsent＝Smallclosedrhom− buswithinasquare；andintermediatestage＝Ⅹ−1etterwithinasquare．

76 ん7仇−ん） 3 l． ．．l．． ．l．▲．．l．．．l Z ⑧ 柑￠ ⑫ 皇 日誌指頭 訪日釘⑳逃避 118 128 1鳩 隠1mm トM3 11．O 128 1J．．6 16，lmm トM3 Fig・3・Geographicalvariationoffrequencydistributionsofincisor−3rdmolarlength（トM3）

With development of alveolar capsulein samples of red−backed voles from the USSR，

Mongolia，andnorthernandcentralChina．Somelocalitiessituatedatthemorewestern。r easternregionsarearrangedparalleltoshowtheapproximatelysimilarlongitude．Number− edlocalities（1L37）refer to Appendix A．A numberedlocalitywith a circleindicates

Samples collected fromJanuary toJune，While an underlinedlocality numberindicates SamplescollectedfromJulytoDecember．Anunmarkedlocalitynumberindicatessamples

COllectedfromJanuarytoDecember．Theholotypesareabbreviatedasfo1lows：Mimtus

inezjeholicus＝Mij；Micrvtus（Eothenonys）inez＝MEi；C7WeO7町SShanseius＝Cs；Mimtus

（Ca7yOnWS）eua＝MCe；MicYVtuS（Eoihenonv7S）nux＝MEn；Micntus（Cb7yOnVLS）alcinous＝

MCa；C7WeOnySaquilus＝Ca・ThebrokenlineindicatesanI−M30f14．6mm，fromwhich

the alveolar capsulehasdisappearedin C．ndbcanus fromFinland（Fig．1）．Onesquare

indicatesonespecimen・SymboIs‥CapSulepresent＝Verticallineswithinasquare；CapSule

absent＝OpenSquare；intermediatestageofthecapsule＝Ⅹ一1etterwithinasquare；andan

77 風姻−∂α虎βdl句Jぉ力℃肌艮び′eγ乃Asわ

specimenswerecollectedfromLocalitieslto8・Ontheotherhand，CapSules

indicatingalackofrootdevelopmentareobservedinotherskulls，including34

skullswhereI−M3＝15．2mmormore（Localities9to19），andin36adultfemales

withfnammae（Localities9to37），Thus，thepopulationsfromLocalitieslto

8differ from those from Localities9to37with regard to the presence of

alveolarcapsulesandwillbereferredtohereafterasGroupA・

AsidefromGroupA，tWOOtherpatternsofI−M3androotdevelopmentare

foundamongspecimensfromLocalities9to37（Fig：3）・Onegroupispresent

inLocalities9to19whereanimalshavealongトM30f14，6mmormore，and

theothertypeisfoundinLocalities20to37whereanimalshaveashortI−M3

0flessthan14．6mm．Fig．4showsthatadultanimalsfromLocalities9to37

canbedividedintotwoenclosuresbasedontherelationshipbetweenI−M3and

IOW，thoughallspecimensexaminedarenotclassifiedbythisrelationship・

1る mm

12

13

14

15

ト仙3 Fig．4．Relationshipbetweenincisor−3rdmolarlength（I−M3）andinterorbitalwidth（IOW） insamplesofred−backedvolesfromLocalities9to37・NospecimenisgiveninLocality24 becauseofIOWbeingdamaged・Adultanimalsenclosedbybrokenlinesareclassifiedas GroupsBandC．Fornumberedlocalities（10−34），SeeAppendixA，andforabbreviationsof theholotypes，SeeFig・3・SymboIs：adultindividulal＝Closedcircle；individualotherthan adults＝OpenCircle．

78 ん7〃し−ん）

Hereafterskn11swithlongI−M3andnarrowIOWarereferredtoasGroupB， and those withshortトM3■as Group C．Group B consists of adult animals

COllectedfromLocalities9to19，eXCludingLocalitieslOand14．GroupCis COmpOSedofadultanimalscollectedfromLocalities17，23，26，29，31and34．

AdultanimalsfromLocality17（Kolanchowpopulation）belongtobothGroup

BandGroupC．Inspiteofnotbeingclassifiedasadultfemalesduetoalack

Of mammae on the skin，SpeCimens from LocalitieslO and14，and from Localities21，25，30，32，33and35−37wereclassifiedasbeinginGroupsBand C，reSpeCtively，becausetheyareenclosedineitherarea andseparatedfrom each other．AIso，SpeCimensfromLocalities20，22，27and28areplacedin

GroupCbecausetheyarelocatedneartheenclosureofGroupC．

Group C can be further dividedinto two groups（C−1and C−2）by the relationshipbetweenI−M3andTL（Fig．5）．WiththeincreaseinlengthofI− M3，GroupC−2specimensfromLocalities24，26，27，29，and31−36havealonger TLthanthoseofGroupC−1fromLocalities17，20−23，25，28and30．Although OneSkullwithshortトM3（Locality24；Fig．3）isnotplottedinFig．4because

the frontalis broken and theIOWis not available，it has alonger tailin

COmparison toI−M3andis classified as beingin Group C−2（Fig．5）．One SpeCimenwith the missing tailand shortI−M3（Locality37；Fig．3）is not

illustratedinFig．5，butenteredinGroupC−2becauseoftheresemblanceofthe molarpatternontheM呈tothatoftheholotypeofMicntus（CalyOククりLS）alcinous

（minFig．8）．

The fo1lowing four holotypes are plotted as adult animals：Cmseonws

Shanseius（BM8．8．7．85）inGroup B（Fig．4），M（E．）inez（BM9．1．1．188）in GroupC（Fig．4）andinGroupC−1（Fig．5），andM（C．）eva（BMll．2．1．223）and C7WeOnqySaquilus（MCZ7190）inGroupC（Fig．4）andinGroupC−2（Fig．5）．On theotherhand，thefollowingthreeholotypesarenotshownasadultanimals． M（E・）n拡（BMlO・5．2．79；Locality30）andtheseriesfromthesamelocality areplacedintheadultsectionofGroupC（Fig．4）andtheninGroupC−1（Fig． 5）・Becausetheholotypeof〟．（C．）alcinous（BMll．9．8．136；Locality35）is locatedneartheenclosureofGroupCandtheseriesfromthesamelocalityare enclosedintheadultsectionofGroupC（Fig．4），theholotypeisclassifiedfirst asGroupCandthenGroupC−2（Fig．5）．M．inezjeholicus（YIO857；Locality

13）iscategorizedasayoungspecimenbecausetheskullhasunwornM墨SOn

bothsides．Theholotypewascollectedtogetherwithadultspecimensclassi− fiedasGroupB（Fig．4），andtheholotypeissubsequentlyconsideredtobein GroupB． Somefurthercharacteristicsareexhibitedafterclassifyingspecimensas GroupsA，B，C−1，andC−2・AccordingtothefrequencyhistogramsofTL（Fig． 6），GroupsAandBdonotshowacline，thoughtheeasternspecimensofGroup B（Localities9，13，14，and16）haveaslightlylongerTLthanthewestern

SPeCimens ofthe samegroup（LocalitieslO−12and17−19）．The southern

formofGroupC−1（Locality30）hasaslightlylongertail．GroupC−2speci− menshavealongerTLthanthoseofothergroups，andGroupC−2specimens

79 凡1（′−わ爪、れ・（／11−ん−∫．わt川∼艮J5チトり∼．1ゴJ（7

havingaTLofmorethan41mmshowaclineincreasingfromnorthtosouth・

Regardingenamelpatternsofocclusalsurface on M旦（Fig・7），Group A

skullswithshortI−M3areofType6；SkullswithlongI−M3areofTypes7＋

8and9（a，b，andcinFig．8）；andthecomplexformofType4＋5appearsin smallnumbersindependent ofI−M3（6／66＝9．1％；din Fig．8）．In Group B， almosta11largersizedskullsareofTypes7＋8and9（51／81＝63．0％；eandf inFig．8），andsmall−SizedskullsareofType6，aSfoundinGroupA・Type4十 5，however，OCCurSmOrefrequentlyinGroupB（11／81＝13．6％）thaninGroupA

specimens，and seven skulls have a confluent dentineisthmus between all

triangles：OneisofType（7＋8）′andsixareofType9′（ginFig・8）・InGroup C−1，Type7十8predominates（19／33＝57．6％；iandjin Fig．8），followedby Type4＋5（12／33＝36A％；hinFig．8），andanabsenceofType9specimens・In

GroupC−2，Onthecontrary，theType9isthemostcommon（35／50＝70・0％；kミ

1，andminFig．8），followedbyType7＋8（11／50＝22．0％），andveryfewType4＋ 5specimens（3／50＝6．0％）．TheenamelpatternofGroupC−1（h，i，andjinFig・ 8）showsaslightlylongerposteriorloopthanthatofGroupC−2（k，1，andmin Fig．8）． 29

34／

▼▼ G「0UP

C−2

云 、て・・・ 0ノーー 26

MEn

MEレ占こ ．2J、、、≡9．一浩昏、刀

2217

0 25 Gb O17 20 ノ・ ◎諏 訪0 00 刀／ ‘030

Group

C・1

11

12

13

14

15mm

トM3

Fig．5．Relationshipbetweenincisor−3rdmolarlength（I−M3）andtaillength（TL）insamples ofred−backedvolesfromLocalities17and20to37．Fornumberedlocalities（17−37），See AppendixA，andforabbreviationsoftheholotypes，SeeFig・3・

80 んJ〃t、如 I t l． 1 l

三＿＿＿＿

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l l l l l 3

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12 gd⊃0﹂り

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19 22 e 23 025 ∩自コ 28

JR献ME∵

0 3 払 R ？ U 芯

231

（つ刀 。卜 漣 17 32 41幻 65汀．m TL 32 4150 伍mm TL Fig．6．Geographicalvariationoffrequencydistributionsoftaillength（TL）insamplesof red−backedvolesfromtheUSSR，Mongolia，andnortherhandcentralChina．Fornumbered localities（1−37），SeeAppendixA，andforabbreviationsoftheholotypes，SeeFig・3・Groups A，B，C−1，andC−2areclassifiedinthetext．

81 凡J」柚木−‘／l′′′1）ん，り）p〃J且7∫／（ー7J▲心血 l． ‥．l．．‥l l． −l l 口旬Pe6 回吋Peん5 四句Pe7†8 切旬Pe（7◆房 ■可Pe9 ロ句Pe9 ， 2 34 5 くd⊃○占 8“ ＋ ﹁ − ﹁ 9 3 ‘56 1 ▲l・l l 10 11 皿 n12 ＝I 占17 18 19

阿lm

□ 7123 5 12 22 2 TUdコ0占 払 巫27引 ？Udコ2り −■ 29 32 34 36 …… ノ・て三 1軍 146 16j mm トM3 11．0 12β 1昭 161mm l1ロ トM3 Fig．7．Geographicalvariationoffrequencydistributionsinthepatternsof3rdmolarin relationtoIrM3insamplesofred−backedvolesfromtheUSSR，Mongolia，andnorthernand centralChina．

82 んJ〃し丸） c］

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展望蟹磨常■

宴いV・

居嬰鰻苓職

庭草泣責慢

居留斧苫笥

Fig・8・EnamelpatternsofuppermolarsinGroupsA（a−C），B（dLg），C−1（h−j），andC−2 （kLm）・Thealveolarcapsuleisabsentina−C，butpresentind−m．a，MCZ21535（Locality 7，CBL＝25・1mm，andトM3＝14・8mm）withsimplexformonM旦（Type9）；b，MCZ21365 （Locality6，CBL＝25・9mm，andI−M3＝15・3mm）withsimplex form on M旦（Type9）；C，

BM（NH）12・4・1・81（Locality2，CBL＝26・6mm，andI−M3＝15・7mm）withsimplexformonM墨 （Type9）；d，MCZ21372（LocalitylO，CBL＝24．9mm，andIrM3＝15．Omm）withcomplexform OnM旦（Type4＋5）；e，MCZ21373（LocalitylO，CBL＝25．5mm，andトM3＝15．4mm）with SimplexformonM呈（Type7＋8）；f，BM（NH）8．8．7．85（theholotypeofC7那eOnり塔Shanseius， Locality19，CBL＝25・7mm，andトM3＝15・3mm）withsimplexform onM旦（Type9）；g， USNM155055（Locality19，CBL＝26・7mm，andI−M3＝15．4mm）withconfluentdentalspaces Ofsimplex form on M量（Type9’）；h，BM（NH）9．1．1．188（theholotype of Mimtus（Eo−

theno刑ツS）inez，Locality17，CBL＝23・Omm，andトM3＝‡3・7mm）withcomplexformonM墨 （Type4＋5）；i，BM（NH）10・5・2・79（theholotypeofMicrotus（且）thenonv7S）mLX・，Locality30， CBL＝23・4mm，andトM3＝13・7mm）withsimplexformonM呈（Type7＋8）；j，BM（NH）9．1． 1・189（Locality17，CBL＝23・7mm，andトM3＝14・Omm）withsimplexformonM旦（Type7＋ 8）；k，BM（NH）11・2・1・223（theholotypeofMimtus（Ca7yOnV7S）eva，Locality26，CBL＝22．8 mm，andI−M3＝13・2mm）withsimplexformonM呈（Type9）；1，MCZ7190（theholotypeof C7那eOnV7Saquilus，Locality34，CBL＝23・4mm，andトM3＝13・7mm）withsimplexformonM墨 （Type9）；m，BM（NH）11・9・8・136（theholotypeofMicYVius（Cb7yOクク研）alcinous，Locality35， CBL＝23・4mm，andトM3＝14・2mm）withsimplexformonM旦（Type9）．

点gd−∂α虎gdlわ／ぉ力℃椚肋ねァ％Asね 83

Theoccurrenceofasmallextraposterio●r−internalangleonMlandM2

（Fig．9）ishigherinGroupC−1（M主，18／33＝54．5％；M呈，19／33＝57．6％）thani云 GroupC−2（M主，8／50＝16．0％：M呈，7／50＝14．0％）specimens． Thenumberofnipplesonthemuseumskinswasfoundtobefourpairson GroupsAandBspecimens，andtwopairsonthoseofGroupsC−1andC−2． 3．7bo〃（）川／r C（）ナ汀／∼／∫わチノ Thereisasharpcontrastinthepresenceorabsenceofalveolarcapsules betweenspecimensinGroupAandthoseinGroupsB，C−1andC−2（Fig．3）．In GroupA，theabsenceofalveolarcapsules，indicatingrootedmolars，beginsto developfromIrM3＝14．6mm，Type6molarpatternappearsinshortI−M3，and thesimplexformofTypes7＋8and9appearsinlongトM3（Fig．7）．These Characteristicsarethesameasdescribedfor C．ク頑canus fromFinland and fromnortheasternChinaandnorthernKorea（Ⅹaneko，1990）．IconsiderGroup AspecimenstobeexamplesofClethriononv）S n4bcanus． 1■．．．l．．．．1l■．■ −l．t．．l け封22刀 25遡 TUd⊃0占 凸Mユ ロM呈 ■Ml＆M2 n E M T lコ 34 N−Ud召占 27 」 11．0 128 仏6 161mm I−M3 11｛）128 仏6 161mm トM3

Fig．9・Geographicalvariation of frequency distributions（）f the occurrence of a small postero−internalangleonMlandM2insamplesinGroupsC−1andC−2．

84 ん7〃し−ん）

Specimens of Groups B，C−1and C−2，in contrast，are allocated to Eo− thenomys．Allhaveapalatalshelfconstructionlike Clethriononv）Sbutlack

rootdevelopmenteveninoldage，aSindicatedbythepresenceofcapsulesin

adultspecimens．AIso，themolarreentrantfoldsarenarrowerthanthoseof Alticola，Which haslittle cementin the folds．This combination of traits conforms to the generic diagnosis of Eothenonys（Hinton，1926；Ellerman，

1941；Corbet，1978）． GroupBspecimensdifferinsomecharacteristicsofmolarpattern，TL，and IOW（Figs．4，6，and7）fromthoseofEothenoプク砂S r曙ulusinKorea（Kaneko， 1990）．Forexample，thecomplexformofType4＋5inM旦islesscommonin GroupB（11／81＝13．6％）thanin Y＜gulus（69／97＝71．1％）；thesimplexformof Types7＋8and9ism？refrequentinGroupB（51／81＝63・0％）thaninrewlus （23／97＝23．7％）；TLisslightlyshorterinadultspecimensofGroupB（N＝26， 夏±SD＝35．7±4．8mm，range＝28−47mm）thanin those of regulus（N＝29， 豆±SD＝45．0±2．6mm，range＝40−49mm）；andIOWisslightlynarrowerin adultspecimens ofGroup B（N＝29，X±SD＝3．86±0．17mm，range＝3．6r4．3 mm）thaninthoseofク聯Ius（N＝29，X±SD＝4．23±0．19mm，range＝3．8，4，6 mm）．Theholotypesof C7WeOブタひSShanseiusThomas，1908and Microtusinez

jeholicus Kuroda，1939bothexhibittraitsofGroup B．Ithereforerecognize

Group B specimens asEothenon7yS Shanseius and consider the name M，inez

jeholicusKuroda，1939tobeajuniorsynonymofE．shanseius（Thomas，1908）．

TheholotypesofM．（E．）inezThomas，1908andM（E．）n祝方Thomas，1910 areclassifiedasmembersofGroupC−1andappeartobeconspecific．Group

CrlspecimensareheredesignatedasEothenon砂Sinez，withthenameM（E．）

nuxThomas，1910asajuniorsynonym．

Group C−2specimens can be allocated as Eothenonws eva because the

holotypes of M．（C，）eua Thomas，1911，M．（C．）alcinous Thomas，1912，and

CYaSeOnySaquilusAllen，1912areclassifiedasGroupC−2andconspecific．The namesM．（Ca73｝0プクV）S）alcinousThomas，1911andC7WeOプ叩SaquilusA11en，1912 arejuniorsynonymsofEothenoクク砂S eVa（Thomas，1911）． ThelocalitiesoftheexaminedspecimensofC．ndbcanus，E．shanseius，E． inez，andE．evaareillustratedinFig．10． Discussion TojustifycomparisoOfmuseumspecimenswithClethrionoプ叩n4bcanus from Finland，IwillrevleW the classification history of red−backed voles

（Clethriononv）S and Eothenoクク砂S）from northern and centralChina，With the exceptionofC．ndilus．Sixspeciesandonesubspeciesofthered−backedvoles

have been described：Cmseoクク叩S Shanseius Thomas，1908；Microtus（Eoth−

enonws）inez Thomas，1908；M．（E．）nux Thomas，1910；M．（Ca7yOプ叩S）eva Thomas，1911；M（C．）alcinousThomas，1912；CYaSeOnV）SaquilusAllen，1912； and M．inez jeholicus Kuroda，1939．Severalfaunalstudies（Thomas，1909， 1910b，1911b，C，1912a；Clark＆Sowerby，1912）classifiedspecimensunderthe scientificnamesmentionedabove，eXCePtforAllen（1924），Whousedsomeofthe

85

見通−∂αCゑβ♂lわgβざカ℃∽払おγ柁A5ゐ

p莞じ遥OU巴じ巨N遷座可pud§登記ぶり．叫−OSUで鼠sヨOqゴ貪一日OJ苛．d∴鳶pu乱dd∴おSへ︵トC−1︶s遥コ再U01p巴むq∈コu

ん（〃ハム1

86

samenamesbutidentifiedcertainspecimensfromnorthernChinaasEvotonws

（＝ClethYiononws）n4bcanuswithoutcomment．

In his famous monograph of Microtinae（＝Arvicolinae），Hinton（1926） 1umpedthesesixforms（M．inezjeholicusKuroda，1939isexcludedbecausethe

description was published at alater date）into one subspecies of Evotonws

ndbcanus．Hinton（1926）stated thatsome ofthe morphologicaldifferences

describedforthesetypesaretheresultofagevariationandmanytaxonomists

adoptedhisclassification（Ellerman，1941；Tokuda，1941；OgIiev，1950；Eller− man＆Morrison−Scott，1951；Shou，1962；Gromov＆Polyakov，1977）．

LikeHinton（1926），Howe11（1929）andAllen（1940）classifiedthered−backed

volefrom Hopeiand ShansiProvincesin China as Clethriononv）S n4bcanus

becausethesku1lofC．ndbcanusshanseiusisapparentlyidenticaltothatofC． ndbcanus（Allen，1940）．However，their classification differed from Hinton （1926）forvolesfromtheProvinces ofShansi，Shensi，Kansu，Szechwan，and Hupehin China．Howe11（1929）retained one vole of M．（Ca7yOnyS）inez， whereasAllen（1940）separatedbothEinezandE．evafromC．n4bcanusbased onfurcoloration，taillengthandmolarocclusalpattern．

Corbet（1978）1aterrevisedtheclassificationofEothenonws，andrecognized E．shanseius，E．inez，and E．eva from C．ndbcanus because of the absence rooted molars evenin older specimens．Honackiet al．（1982）followed the

ClassificationofCorbet（1978）．

Insummary，thesedifferentclassificationswerebasedonwhetherornot

the red−backed vole ofnorthern and centralChina possesses molar rootsin

adult specimens．In this paper，Sku11size where molar roots appearin C．

n4bcanus from Finland was used toidentify museum specimens of the C．

radbcanus group．The absence ofalveolarcapsulesindicatingrootdevelop− mentappearsinskullswithトM3greaterthan15．2mmin C．ndbcanusfrom Finland（Figs．1and2）．InthemeasurementtableinHinton（1926），thedental length（＝Ⅰ−M3）foroneskullwasgivenas14．4mmwithclosingcementspaces onM2amongfivespecimensfromLapland，Norway，andSweden，Whereasfour

skullswithadentallengthofmorethan15AmmhadrootsonM2．Theabove

observationsaccordwithmyestimationthattheabsenceofcapsulesindicating

rootdevelopmentinC．ndbcanusbeginsinskullswithanI−M3morethan15．2 111111． Theholotypesofshanseius，inez，aquihiS，andevaareadultspecimensthat havecapsulesindicating alack ofroots（Fig．3）．Althoughtheholotypesof nux and alcinous do not confirm as adult animals due to a lack of female

specimenswithmammaein Localities30and35，thesetwo holotypescorre− spondtotheadultsectionofGroupCinthesizeofI−M3andIOW（Fig・4），and thepatternsonM3aresimilarbetweentheholotypesofn拡andinez，andthe samebetweentheholotypesofalcinous，eVa，andaquilus（Fig．8）．Furthermore，

all164specimensexaminedfromLocalities9to371ackroots，eVeninskulls

withI−M3more than15．2mm，including36adult females with prominent

87

凡再−ム（7（、h、〟11）／（Yノ）…JJ且び／りTJ．小壷

adult specimens rather thanimmature ones，and the generic allocation of

Shanseius，inez，and evaisEothenonws（Allen，1940；Corbet，1978；Honackiet alリ1982），nOt ClethYiononws（Hinton，1926；Allen，1940）．

TheholotypeofMicrotusinezjeholicusisayoungE．shanseius，Although Allen（1940）provisionallyfollowedKuroda’s（1939）identification，hequestioned

thelonger hind foot（17−21mm）for jeholicus compared to E．inez（16mm）． Corbet（1978）and Honackiet al．（1982）expressedthesame doubts．Alarge hindfootispossibleinE．shanseius；forexample，thehindfeetmeasure20−21 mmintheseriesofE．shanseiusfromKweihwaCheng（LocalitylO）．

In describing Mic7btus（E．）inez and M（E）nzα，Thomas（1909；1910b）

mentionedthatthepatternonMlandM2hasatendencyto develop a small

extrapostero−internalangle，Whichisverydifferentfromthelargeextraangle inE．melan聯Ster．Onthe otherhand，Thomas（1911b）notedthatthe addi− tionalanglesarereducedtoaminutesizeandscarcelyperceptibleinM（C．）

eva，butnotin M（C．）alcinous．Allen（1940）referredto the presence ofthe anglein E．eua eva，but did not mentionitin E．eva alcinous．The postero− internalangleissometimespresentinE．inez andE．eva，butthefrequencyof

theoccurrenceisgreaterininezthaninevaanddoesnotsuggestanygeograph−

icaldifference（Fig．9）．

ThisstudyrefinesthedistributionrangeineasternAsiaforC．nめcanus．

The southernlimit of the rangein China was reported differently by Allen

（1940），Corbet（1978），andHonackiet al．（1982），thoughmytaxonomicconclu− Sionsupportstheirclassification．Allen（1940）showedthedistributionasthe Provinces of Shanseiand Hopei，because he considered E．shanseius as a memberofC．ndbcanus．Corbet（1978）notedthesouthernlimitasthesouthern

Ural，Altai，ManchuriaandKorea，andexcludedMongolia，WhereasHonacki etal．（1978）includedMongolia．Fig．10indicatesthatthesouthernlimitlies450

Nin Mongolia，Which accords with the figure of Mallon（1985）．Thus，the

Currently understoodlimit of C．n4bcanuslies at approximately 450Nin

Mongolia，and400Nin Korea and northeastern China（Manchuria；Kaneko， 1990），and41．50NinthesouthernpartofHokkaido，Japan（Ota，1984）．

On the basis of the specimens examined andliterature references，the

habitatsofC．ndbcanusmaybesummarizedasfollows．Theedgeoftheforest

fo1lowingalongthenorthernedgeofMongoliaiscomposedofmixedforests

SuCh aslarches，firs and pines，aS Wellas oaks and birches（Allen，1940）． Tapucha（Locality13）containsaforestofnutpines（」巧nus cembm；Ho11ister， 1913）．Hence，the habitats of C．n4bcanus aremiⅩed or coniferous forests， WhicharethesameasthoseinManchuria（Kaneko，1990）．

AnunsoIvedproblemconcernstheidentificationofonespecimen（BM8．8． 8．83＝OriginalNo．1625）collectedfromtheChiaoChengShan（Locality19）in December，1907．IhavenotlistedinAppendixA；however，Thomas（1908b） identified the specimen as C7ⅥSeOプクり唱 Shanseius．Its capsules have almost

disappearedandthemolarsareabouttoformroots．Hinton（1926）mentioned

〃（J〃一丸I

88

1engthof15．4mmsuggestingaCBLofapproximately25．8mm．Heclassified

aIlthe volesincIuding this specimen from northern and centralChina as

Clethrionoクワ砂S ndbcanus．My examination of this specimen confirms the development of roots andI−M3＝15Amm．This specimen and C．ndbcanus fromFinland，therefore，havethesameI−M3size，Whichsuggeststheabsence Ofalveolarcapsulesindicatingrootdevelopment（Fig．1）．However，identifica−

tionofthisspecimenas C．ndbcanusshouldbesuspendeduntilwecanobtain

moresamplesofC，r8dbcanusfromthesamedistrict，eSpeCiallybecauseLocal− ity19isisolatedfromtherangeof C．ndbcanusgivenhere．

Regarding the red−backed vole from HopeiProvince，Thomas（1908b） identified one specimen（BM8．8．7．81＝OriginalNo．1549）from theImperial Tombs（Locality15）as Cmseoプ叩Sク聯Ius．Allen（1924，1940）recognized all five specimens collected from thatlocality as Evotoクク砂S（or Clethriononws） γゆcanusshanseius，andHinton（1926）agreed．Kuroda（1939）identifiedlarge− Sized voles from Altolian（Locality9）and Mt．Mulei（Locality13）as C．

ndbcanusYqulus，andsmallervolescollectedfromthesamelocalitiesasanew

SubspeciesofMic7VtuSinezjeholicus，WhichareidentifiedhereasE．shanseius． Corbet（1978）andHonackietal．（1982）describedEク聯IusasexistinginHopei

Province and E．shanseius as possibly presentin Hopei．In the present tax− OnOmicconclusion，E．r曙ulusandE．shanseiusdifferintaillength，interorbital

width，andcrownwearpatternsonM3，andthemuseumspecimensfromHopei

Province areidentified as E．shanseius．The demarcationline between the

SpeCiesofY＜gulusandshanseiusmaybetheLiao−hePingyuanRiverlocatedin

northeastern China．

HabitatsofE．shanseius，basedonthespecimensexaminedandliterature references，includebushes atthefootofatalus−SlideintheImperialTombs （Locality15；Thomas，1908b），brush−COVered valley−bottoms at the Chiao ChengShan（Locality19；Thomas，1908b），1argerocksinorneardensespruce Orlarchwoods，andovergrowngulliesandcanyonsinKolanchow（Locality17； Thomas，1909）．Thisvolefeedsuponleavesofyoungplantsgrowingamong rocksunderwhichitburrows（Locality19；Clark＆Sowerby，1912）．E．shan− Seiusapparentlyprefersrockyareas，aSdoesEク聯hiS（Kaneko，1990）．

According to Allen（1940），Corbet（1978）and Honackiet al．（1982），the distribution of E．inezis the Provinces of Shanseiand Shensiand extends to

HopeiProvince（＝Nekka orJehol）．Apparently HopeiProvince was mentionedasKuroda（1939）referredtoitinhisdescriptionofM．inezjeholicus． However，becausejeholicusisidentifiedhereasEshanseius，thedistributionof

E．inezis now confined to the Provinces of Shansiand Shensi．E．shanseius

and E．inez occur sympatricallyin Kolanchow（Locality17；Fig．4），Which COnfirmsthedescriptionbyThomas（1909），Whonotedthattheformerismuch less common than thelatter．

Thefo1lowingarethehabitatsdescribedpreviouslyandnowidentifiedas

thoseofE．inez．Thespecieswascommonlyfoundinthebottomsofcertain narrow，WOOdedandovergrowngullies，inburrowsinthesoftsoilbeneathbush

89 見通−∂αC烏gdlわJβぶ函桝丘おねγ犯Aざ由 inKolanchow（Locality17；Thomas，1909），andinthelowerregionsofwell− vegetatedloessravinesinYen−an−fu（Locality22；Clark＆Sowerby，1912）− ThegeographicrangeforE．evahasbeencitedastheProvincesofKansu， Hupeh，andSzechwan（Corbet，1978）ortheProvincesofKansu，Hupeh，Sze− chwan，and Shensi（Allen，1940；Honackiet alリ1982），because Allen（1940） examinedspecimensfromtheTai−pei−Shan，ShensiProvince（Locality29）．I confirmedAllen’sidentificationinthisstudy，andthusthedistributionincludes ？hensiProvince・Withkeysforidentification，HuandWang（1984）reported thatE．evaappearsatZoigeXian（33D12′N，102054′E），PingwuXian（32024′N，104D 30′E）andHeishuXian（32006′N，103006′E），SzechwanProvince，Whicharelocat− edintherangeofE．eva（Fig．10）．ThedemarcationbetweenE．inezandeua

isnotclear．Thetwospecieswereco11ectedintheQinglingandDabaShan

Mountains，ShensiProvince（Zheng，1982；Wang，1990），andthesouthernpart ofKansuProvince（Zheng＆Zhang，1990）．However，becausetheiridentifica−

tions have not been verified，further studies should be carried outin these

districts．

ThedistributionofC．n4bcanusisseparatedfromthatofthethreespecies

of Eothenon砂S by the GobiDesert．The range of these three Eothenonys

indicatesthattheyoccurmostlyinthesoutheasternborderofthePalaearctic

Regionin China（EditorialCommittee of China NaturalGeographyin

Academia Sinica，1979）exceptforE．eva，Whichcanbefound alonginto the northernborder（HupehProvince）oftheOrientalRegion． ．・l−★／ハー甘ん沃ル机〃小

IgratefullyacknowledgetheassistanceofAskoKaikusalo，Whoprovided

mewithexcellentspecimensfromFinland，andthemuseumstaffwhoallowed

metoexaminespecimensintheircare：IanR．Bishop，BritishMuseum（Natu− ralHistory）；MariaE．Rutzmoser，MuseumofComparativeZoology，Harvard University；GuyG．MusserandWolfgangK．LH．Fuchs，AmericanMuseumof NaturalHistory；MichaelD．Carleton，United States NationalMuseum Of NaturalHistory；Bruce D．Patterson，Field Museum of NaturalHistory；

WangSung，WangZongren，andQuanGuoqing，InstituteofZoology，Academia Sinica；Zhen Changlin，Northwest PlateauInstitute of Biology，Academia

Sinica；and K．Mommose，R．Kakizawa and N．Kuroda，YamashinaInstitute for Ornithology．Ifurther thank M．D．Carleton and Don Maybin，Kagawa

University，forcheckingandimprovinganearlierdraftofthispaper；M．E・ RutzmoserforlocatingthefieldsnotesofW．R．ZappeyhousedintheMuseum ofComparativeZoology，HarvardUniversity；JackFooden，FieldMuseumof NaturalHistory，forshowingsomereferencesforgazetteersinChina；andM・ Koyama，Tomakomai−nishiSeniorHighSchool，forinformingmeofcollecting locationsinvestigatedbyH．Orii．ThisworkwaspartlysupportedbyaShort TermVisitorGrantfromtheSmithsonianInstitution，theKarlP．SchmidtFund oftheFieldMuseumofNaturalHistory，andan“0verseasScientificGrantfor 1982（62041089）and1983（63043061）”givenbytheMinistryofEducation，Science

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Ellerman，J．R．＆T．C．S．MorrisonrScott．1951．ChecklistofPalaearcticandIndianMammals，1758 to1946．Brit．Mus．（Nat．Hist．），London，810pp．

Gromov，Ⅰ．M．＆Ⅰ．Y．Polyakov．1977．［Mamrnals：VOles（Microtinae）．］FaunaSSSR，3（8）：1−504

（inRussian）．

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AppendixA

．｝−t−・ん拓・直上l・′J′，／／仙（／

Locality numbers usedin this study（see Fig．10），locality，1atitude and longitude，mOnthandyearcollected，muSeum，andregistrationnumberofa11

specimensexaminedarelistedbelowfromnorthtosouth．Localitynumbers

l−8referto ClethriononりLS ndbcanus，numbers9−16，17（selectedspecimens）， 18and19toEothenoククV｝SShanseius，numbers17（selectedspecimens），20，23，25， 28and30toE．inez，andnumbers24，26，27，29and31−37toE．eua． approximately52010′N，104012′E；July， 83−86，15．3．9．35−40． 1．Leestvineechnoya，Irkutsk，USSR 1914；BM14．11．1．78−81，14．11． ．，l 2．SyanskMts．，100milesWofLakeBaikal，USSR；5lO42′N，102009′E；June， 1910；BM12．4．1．79−83． 3．Tapucha，Altai，USSR；apprOXimately5lOO4′N，85037′E；August，1912； USNM175454−56，175458，MCZ14322． 4．Tchegan−BurgaziPass，Altai，USSR；49O38′N，89026′E；July，1912； USNM175453． 5．Katon−Karagai，Bukhtarmo River，Altai，USSR；49010’N，85038′E；No− vember，1927；BM28．6．19．41／August，1930；BM28，6．19．40，28．6．19，42・ 6．45milesNEofUrga（＝Ulan Bator），Mongolia；48021′N，107034′E；July， 1919；AMNH46232，FMNH30525−26，MCZ21364，21370／August，1919； BM29．3．17．145，USNM259911−12，AMNH46047，46049，46237，FMNH 30524，30528−30，30532，30534−35，MCZ21365． 7．15milesNEofUrga（＝UlanBator），Mongolia；48003′N，107008′E；Septem− ber，1919；AMNH46305，46314，MCZ21368−69，21535．

8．Sain Noin Khan（＝Uyanga），Mongolia；46017′N，102012′E；June，1922； AMNH57483−84，57488，57491，57496，57500−01，57503−06，FMNH30537，

MCZ21366−67．

9．Altorian（＝nearSandaoheize），HopeiProvince，China：40048′N，119000′E： October，1935；YIO862−66，890−95．

10．KweihwaCheng（＝HohhotShi），InnerMongolia，China；40048′N，11lO42′E； November，1919；AMNH45429，45436（the skinis housedin FMNH as

93 点gd−ゐαdgdlわJぉ力℃∽肋ね用A5ブα

33719），FMNH33717−18，MCZ21372−74／December，1921；AMNH56344． 11．Mts．30miles W of Kweihwa Cheng（＝Hohhot Shi），Inner Mongolia，

China；40O48′N，111007′E；May，1912；USNM175527−28，AMNH36896． 12．Mt．Wula Shan，Inner Mongolia，China；40O42′N，109024′E；June，1978；

ASZI21962−78． 13．Mt．Mulei（＝Mt．WulingShan），HopeiProvince，China；40036′N，117030′E； September，1935；YIO857（theholotypeofMicYVtuSinezjeholicusKuroda， 1939），858−61，884−89． 14．Xinglong Xian，HopeiProvince，China；40024′N，117030′E；September， 博76；ASZI26643． 15．ImperialTombs（＝Qing Dongling），Beijing，China；40006′N，117036′E； September，1907；BM8．8．7．81／Decembe；，1921；AMNH56349／January， 1922；AMNH56347． 16．Shijiayan，Beijing，China；39048′N，115036′E；September，1970；ASZI 24956／September，1987；ASZIfieldnumbers＝K5703−04（theregistration numbersareunknown）． 17．Mts．12milesNWofKolanchow（＝KelanXian），ShansiProvince，China； 38050’N，111025′E；May，1908；BM9．1．1．188（the holotype of Micntus

（EothenonvLS）inez Thomas，1908），9．1．1．187，9．1．1．189−90／June，1908； BM9．1．1．181r86，9．1．1．191−201．TheregistrationnumbersBM9．1．1． 196−201refertoEshanseius，andtheothernumberstoE．inez． 18．Mt．50milesNWofTaiyuan−fu（＝TaiyuanShi），ShansiProvince，China； 38023′N，111055′E：December，1909；USNM172591r92，172594−95／Janu− ary，1910；USNM172596． 19．ChaoChengShan（＝Mt．GandiShanorMt．NanyanShan），ShansiProv− ince，China；37054′N，11lO30′E；November，1907；BM8．8．7．82，8．8．7．89− 91／December，1907；BM8．8．7．85（the holotype of Cmseonqys shanseius

Thomas，1908），8．8．7．84，8．8．7．86−88，8．8．7．92−93／October，1908； USNM155050−55．RestrictionofthetypelocalityofCmseoプク砂SShanseius isexplainedinAppendixB． 20．Zanhuang Xian，HopeiProvince，China；37036′N，114024′E；June，1963； ASZI23270． 21．Guanshang，ShansiProvince，China；37012′N，111012′E；July，1960；ASZI 16857． 22．12milesSofYen，an−fu（＝Yan’anShi），ShensiProvince，China；36025′N， 109030’E；January，1909；USNM155049． 23．QinshuiXian，ShansiProvince，China；35O42′N，112012′E；May，1962； ASZI19488． 24．Near Guru，ChinghaiProvince，China；35036′N，102D36′E；July，1983； ASNPIB88021，88023． 25．Yuanqu Xian，ShansiProvince，China；350i8′N，11lO36′E；June，1962； ASZI19490，19492／July，1962；ASZI19489，19491．

26．Tauchow（＝Lintan Xian），Kansu Province，China；34042′N，103024′E： April，1910；BMll．2．1．223（the holotype of Mim）tuS（Ca7yOnyS）eva

抽ノ汀ん1 94 Thomas，1911），11．2．1．224−26／April，1911；FMNH・19082−83／September， 1911；BM12．8．5．49−51，12．8．5．54r56，12．8．5．59／October，1911；BM12． 8．5．52−53． 27．Choni（＝JoneXian），KansuProvinc占，China；34O36′N，103036′E；Septem− ber，1925；MCZ24464／October，1926；MCZ24200−01． 28．LonanHsien（＝LuonanXian），ShensiProvince，China；34006′N，111006′E； December，1909；BMlO．5．2．87． 29．Taトpei−Shan（＝Mt．TaibaiShan），ShensiProvince，China；33054′N，1070 42′E；January，1910；BMll．6．1．55／September，1921；AMNH56380（the Skinis housedin MCZ as21294），56383，FMNH39391／October，1921；

AMNH56369，56371，56373，56375，56377−78，56379（theskinishousedin MCZas21295），56381−82，FMNH39392．

30．Shang−ChouDistrict（＝ShangXian），ShensiProvince，China；33054′N，1090 54′E；November，1909；BMlO．5．2．79（the holotype of Micntus（Eo−

thenonqys）nux Thomas，1910），10．5．2．75，10．5．2．81−82，10．5．2．84−86，

USNM171967−69．

31．WenXian，KansuProvince，China；32054′N，104′420E；August，1987；ASZI fieldnumber＝K5684（theregistrationnumberisunknown）．

32・Fang Hsien（＝Fang Xian），Hupeh Province，China；320060N，110’420E； December，1907；MCZ7191，7194． 33．BarkamXian，SzechwanProvince，China；3lO54′N，102030，E；June，1961； ASZI20824−25． 34・Showlungtan，Hupeh Province，China；apprOXimately31036′N，110006′E； May，1907；MCZ7190（theholotypeofCmseonv）SaquilusAllen，1912），7196， BM13．9．13．10．RestrictionofthetypelocalityofCクWeOnyS aquilusis explainedinAppendixB． 35．Weichoe（＝WenchuanXian），SzechwanProvince，China；3lO24′N，103030′ E；November，1910；BMll．9．8．136（theholotypeofMicYVtuS（Ca7yOnyS） alcinous Thomas，1911），11．9．8．128，11．9．8．130，11．9．8．133−34，11．9．8． 137−38． 36．Wansonshan（＝Mt．WantiaoShan），HupehProvince，China；31012′N，110O 30’E；June，1907；MCZ7189． 37．GoanShidDwe（＝nearGuanXian），SzechwanProvince，China；3lOOO’N， 103036′E；August，1934；FMNH45760． AppendixB f＆ing the73少eLocali＆〆Craseomysshanseius77u）maS，19（娼and

CaryomysaquilusAllen，1912

1．C7WeO〝り′SShanseiusThomas，1908（BM8．8．7．85；Locality19）

The typelocality has beengiven as“100miles N．W．of Tai−Yuen−Fu， Shansi（8000’），China”（Thomas，1908b；Hinton，1926；Allen，1940；E11erman＆

Morrison−Scott，1951；Corbet，1978；Honackietal．，1982）．However，Malcom

見通−∂α戊edl句放り毎朝八弘扉紺柁A該 95

1908b），nOtedthat“On17thNovemberIbeganworkatChao−Cheng−Shan，a mountainoflO，OOOftaltitudesituatedaboutlOOmileswest−nOrth−WeStOfTai− YuenrFu”and“remainedinthisplaceti11December6th，1907”（Thomas，1908b）． Therefore，Ijudge“100miles N．W．of Tai−Yuen−Fu”to be“Chao−Cheng−

Shan”．

Accordingto Anderson（1920），“Chao−Cheng−Shang”is a group ofthree summits，thehighestofwhichiscalled“Mo−erLShan”．Thedescriptioncanbe confirmedfromhispicture（Anderson，1920）．Theexactlocation of“Chao− Cheng−Shan”or“MoMerLShan”，however，hasneverbeenrestricteduntilnow，

becat！SeCurrentChinesemapsandatlasesdonotreferto theselocalities・

Clark and Sowerby（1912）collected six specimens of Cmseonws shanseius （USNM155050−55），andnotedthatspecimenNo．41（＝nOWUSNM155055）was caughtonthesummit ofMo−erh−Shanand thetype specimenwas collected from the same district．On the skinlabelof the specimen（USNM155055）， thereisanoteinpencilas“Essentiallyatopotype”．Thus，IfoundMt・Mo− erh−Shan（about37055′N，111030’E；alt．9296ft＝2789m）ontheroutemapofthe Clarkexpedition（Clark＆Sowerby，1912）．

Next，Iidentified the current place name of Mt．Mo−er（h）−Shan as Mt． GuandiShanorMt．Nanyanshan（37054′N，111030′E，alt．2831m；AltasPublica− tionCompany，1979；Zhuang，1983）．Theirequivalenceaccordswiththelati− tude，longitudeandaltitudeofthemountain，therunningdirectionoftheriver， andthenameofnearbytowns． 2．CmseonwsaquilusAllen，1912（MCZ7190；Locality34） Thetypelocalityhasbeengivenas“Showlungtan，Hupeh，China”（Allen， 1912，1940；Hinton，1926；Ellerman＆Morrison−Scott，1951）．“Showlungtan”

wasmarkedonahandwrittenmaphousedintheMCZ，Whichwasdrawnby

Walter R．Zappey，the collecter of this holotype．Current Chinese atlases， however，donotreferto“Showlungtan”or“Haso−lung−tang”，Whichwasnoted byWilson（1913）whowentto HupehwithMr．Zappey．TheLocationofMt． WantiaoShan（＝Mt．Wansonshan：Allen，19120rMt．Wanchaoshan：Wilson， 1913）andtherunningdirectionoftheJiudaolingHeRiver，OneOfthebranches oftheHanShuiRiver，aCCOrdonbothZappey’smapandtheHupehProvince map（scale＝1：1，100，000；Altas Publication Company，1982）．On the other hand，thelocation of Hsienshan Hsien（＝Ⅹingshan Xian）and the running

directionoftheChangJiangandXiangXiRiversaredifferentonbothmaps．

BecausethelocationofZappey’s“Showlungtan”coincidesapproximatelywith thatofHongpingontheProvincemap，Irestrict“Showlungtan”to approxi− mately31036′NandllOOO6′EusingthelocationofHongplngglVenbytheAtlas